Brazil ----- Monetary policy turns its gaze on inflation

Brazil had a rough ride in 2020 with the pandemic deeply impacting public
health and economic activity. Yet the economy also saw some light at the end of
the tunnel as growth continued its rebound into the fourth quarter of last year.1 

Forward-looking economic indicators, however, suggest only a modest

expansion in the first quarter of 2021. This is most likely due to a steady rise in
COVID-19 infection rates since November of last year, which in turn has
impacted consumer and business confidence.

Fiscal support, which came to the economy’s aid in 2020, is unlikely to play a
major role this year as the government turns to healing its finances. So, will

monetary policy play a greater role in aiding growth? That is unlikely as the
central banks shifts focus to inflationary pressures in the economy, including
rising production costs and currency weakness.

On March 17, the central bank raised rates by 75 basis points and hinted at
further tightening if inflation expectations do not remain anchored.

'That' é usado para se referir a algo mencionado anteriormente, ou algo que você está indicando que está a
alguma distância.

Por exemplo, após uma discussão sobre a saúde precária de sua esposa, você pode dizer

That is why we don’t go out much";

"This" é usado para se referir a algo específico que você acabou de demonstrar ou mencionar.

Por exemplo, se sua esposa está de pé ao seu lado, mas sente-se fraca e tem que se sentar, você pode dizer

"This is why we don’t go out much";

Você também pode usar 'aquilo' para se referir a algo que ainda não aconteceu, mas está prestes a

: "I know this will be a shock for you, but I have to tell you that I am leaving the company."
THAT é uma palavra muito comum tanto na escrita quanto na fala. Nós o usamos como um
determinante, um pronome demonstrativo e um pronome relativo.
Também o usamos como uma conjunção para introduzir essas cláusulas.

THAT: determinante e pronome

Usamos isso mais comumente para apontar para uma coisa ou pessoa. Nós o usamos com
substantivos no singular. A coisa ou pessoa muitas vezes está distante do falante e às vezes
mais perto do ouvinte, ou não é visível para o falante ou ouvinte:
[apontando para uma de uma seleção de cores de tinta diferentes]
Can you pass me that green bowl over there? (determiner)
I quite like that one.
That’s Harold in the white shirt, isn’t it? (pronoun)

Também usamos isso para nos referirmos a uma cláusula inteira:

A: We’re having a few friends round for dinner. Would you like to come?
B: That sounds lovely.
Why don’t you come at around 8? 
A: That’ll give me time to get ready.
B: Can you tell Kat to hurry up? We’ve got to leave at 11.
I’ve already told her that.

We use that to refer back to something that has already been spoken or written about:
If he gets that job in London, he’ll be able to visit us more often.

That: relative pronoun

Podemos usar isso em vez de quem, quem ou qual para nos referirmos a pessoas, animais e
coisas. Isso é mais informal do que quem ou qual:

She picked up the hairbrush that she had left on the bed.

He was the first director of the National Science Foundation, and he funded science research with
an annual budget that grew to 500 million dollars.

That-clauses
We also use that to introduce that-clauses after some verbs, adjectives and nouns:
I admit that I was wrong. (verb + that-clause)
Are you certain that the man in the car was Nick? (adjective + that-clause)
The name of the company illustrates my belief that sign language is a fascinating form of
communication. (noun + that-clause)
 That: other uses

That’s + adjective
We use that’s + adjective ( that’s lovely, that’s good, that’s great, that’s terrible, that’s awful)
to respond to something that someone is telling us, to show that we are listening:

A:They got stuck in traffic on the way to the airport and missed the plane.
B:Oh, that’s awful.

That as an intensifier

“ TÃO”
We use not that + adjective to mean ‘not very’ or ‘not as … as you are saying’.
We put spoken stress on that:

A:I thought the meal was delicious.

B:Mine wasn’t that nice. (My meal wasn’t as nice as you are saying. My meal wasn’t delicious.)
A:I wouldn’t be surprised if Emily became an actress.
B:I don’t think she’s that good.