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Ficha 1 de Exercícios de Cálculo I
Ficha 1 de Exercícios de Cálculo I
Departamento de Matemática
I. Desigualdades e Módulos
1. Mostre
n que: o
1.1. x ∈ R : x −1 < 2 = ]−∞, −7[ ∪ ]−3, +∞[
n x +3 o
x −
1.2. x ∈ R : x + 31 ≥ 2 = [−7, −3[
n o i h
1.3. x ∈ R : x −2 5
< 3 = −∞, − 2 ∪ ]−1, +∞[
n x +1 o h h
x
1.4. x ∈ R : x − +2 ≤ 3 = ]−∞, 1[ ∪ 52 , +∞
n 1 o i h
x +
1.5. x ∈ R : x − 1 2 > 3 = 1, 52
n o
1.6. x ∈ R : x x+3 ≤ 1 = ]−∞, 2[
n −2 o i h
x −
1.7. x ∈ R : x + 32 < 2x = ]−3, −2[ ∪ − 12 , +∞
n o i h
1.8. x ∈ R : 3x −+2
x
1
> 2x = −∞, 2 ∪ ]2, 3[
n o i h
1.9. x ∈ R : x − 41
x + < 3x = − 32 , 1 ∪ ]2, +∞[
n o i h
1.10. x ∈ R : 4x −+1
x > 3x = ]−∞, −2[ ∪ −1, 32
2. Mostre que:
2.1. {x ∈ R : |x + 2| = 3} = {−5, 1}
2.2. {x ∈ R : |3 − x| > 2} = ]−∞,1[ ∪ ]5, +∞[
{x ∈ R : 3 < 2|x − 1| ≤ 5} = − 32 , − 21 ∪ 52 , 27
2.3.
2.4. {x ∈ R : |x + 2| ≤ 3 ∧ x + 1 > 0} = ]−1, 1]
2.5. {x ∈ R : |4x + 3| > 1} = ]−∞, −1[∪ − 12 , +∞
7
2.6. {x ∈ R : |5 + 3x| ≥ 2} = −∞, − 3
∪ [−1, +∞[
3
2.7. {x ∈ R : |1 − 4x| < 5} = −1, 2
2.8. {x ∈ R : |2 − 5x| ≤ 3} = − 15 , 1
2.9. {x ∈ R : |3x + 4| ≥ 1} = −∞, − 53 ∪ [−1, +∞[
2.10. {x ∈ R : |3 − 2x| < 5} = ]−1, 4[
3. Mostre que:
{x ∈ R : |3 − 2x| ≥ |x + 2|} = −∞, 13 ∪ [5, +∞[
3.1.
3.2. {x ∈ R : |x| ≤ |x − 2|} = ]−∞, 1]
∪ 37 , +∞
3.3. {x ∈ R : |6x − 5| < |1 − 8x|} = ]−∞, −2[
{x ∈ R : |5 − 6x| ≥ |8x − 1|} = −2, 37
3.4.
2
3.5. {x ∈ R : |3x − 4| ≤ |8 − 9x|} = −∞, 3 ∪ [1, +∞[
2
3.6. {x ∈ R : |4 − 3x| > |9x − 8|} = 3 , 1
3
3.7. {x ∈ R : |2x − 7| < |1 − 6x|} = −∞, − 2
∪ ]1, +∞[
7
3.8. {x ∈ R : |5 − 2x| > |4x − 9|} = 2, 3 6
3.9. {x ∈ R : |3x − 5| ≤ |1 − 4x|}
3 =]−∞, −4] ∪ 7 , +∞
3.10. {x ∈ R : 3|2 − x| ≤ |x|} = 2 , 3
1
2 CDI I - LMAC – 1 SEM. 2021/22 – FICHA 1
4. Mostre que:
4.1. {x ∈ R : 4 < x2 < 9} = ]−3, −2[ ∪ ]2, 3[
4.2. {x ∈ R : x2 − 1 > 0 ∧ x − 3 ≤ 0} = ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, 3]
4.3. {x ∈ R : x2 − 2x − 3 ≥ 0} = ]−∞, −1] ∪ [3, +∞[
4.4. {x ∈ R : 2 − x − x2 > 0} = ]−2, 1[ √ √
2
4.5. {x ∈ R : |3 − 2x + x | < 5} = 1 − 3, 1 + 3
√ √
4.6. {x ∈ R : |15 + 2x − x2 | ≥ 9}h = ]−∞, −4] ∪ 1 − 7, 1 + 7 ∪ [6, +∞[
√ i h i√
−2− 7
4.7. {x ∈ R : |3x2 + 4x| ≤ 1} = 3
∪ − 13 , −2+3 7
, −1
4.8. {x ∈ R : |3x2 − 5x + 1| ≥ 1} = ]−∞, 0] ∪ 23 , 1 ∪ 35 , +∞
√ √
4.9. {x ∈ R : |3 + 4x − x2 | ≤ 2} = −1, 2 − 5 ∪ 2 + 5, 5i
i √ h √ h
4.10. {x ∈ R : |1 + 4x − 3x2 | > 1} = −∞, 2−3 10 ∪ 0, 43 ∪ 2+3 10 , +∞
5. Mostre que: √ √
5.1. {x ∈ R : |x(x − 3)| = |1 − 3x|} h= −1, 3i− 2h 2, 1, 3i + 2 2
√ √
5.2. x ∈ R : |x2 + x| ≤ |x + 34 | = −3 , −2 3 ∪ −1 , 23
2 2
√ √
5.3. {x ∈ R : |3x + 4| > |x2 + 3x|} = −3 − 5, −2 ∪ −3 + 5, 2
5.4. {x ∈ R : |2x2 − 5x| ≤ |5x − 8|} = [−2, 1] ∪√[2,4] √
5.5. {x ∈ R : |2x − x2 | < |1 − 2x|} = −1, 2 − 3 ∪ 1,2 + 3
5.6. {x ∈ R : |5x + 4| > |4x2 + 5x|} = ]−2, −1[ ∪ − 21 , 1
√ √
5.7. {x ∈ R : |3 − 2x| ≥ |2x − x2 |} = − 3, 1 ∪ 3, 3
√ √
5.8. {x ∈ R : |x2 + 3x| ≤ |3x + 5|} = −5, − 5 ∪ −1, 5
√ √
5.9. {x ∈ R : |2x2 + 3x| < |3x + 4|} =i −2, − 2 ∪i −1, h 2
√ √ h
5.10. {x ∈ R : 3|x + 6| ≤ |x2 + 4x|} = −∞, −1−2 73
∪ −1+ 73
2
, +∞
3 7 5
X X X 1
(e) j 2j ; (f) (−1)k (2k − 3) ; (g) .
j=1 k=1 n=1
n(n + 1)
2. Demonstre as seguintesPpropriedades
Pn do somatório:
(a) Pnk=1 (ak + bk ) = n
P
a
Pn k=1 k + k=1 bk (propriedade aditiva);
n
(b) Pk=1 (c ak ) = c k=1 ak para qualquer constante c ∈ R (homogeneidade);
(c) nk=1 (ak − ak−1 ) = an − a0 (propriedade telescópica).
3. Utilizando os resultados do Exercı́cio I.1 e as propriedades anteriores do so-
matório, calcule:
18
X 20
X 15
X
2
(a) (k + 1) ; (b) (2k − 1) ; (c) (k − 3)3 ;
k=1 k=1 k=1
20 20
X 1 1 X
3k − 3k+2 .
(d) − ; (e)
k=1
k+1 k k=1
V. Indução e Somatórios