◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷

./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

✷ ■♥#❡❣&❛✐) ▼+❧#✐♣❧❛)
✷✳✶ ■♥%❡❣(❛✐+ ❉✉♣❧❛ ❡ ❘❡♣❡%✐❞❛
❱❛♠♦$ ❝♦♥$✐❞❡/❛/ ✉♠❛ ❢✉♥:;♦ z = f (x, y) ❞❡✜♥✐❞❛ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ /❡❣✐;♦ ❢❡❝❤❛❞❛ ❡ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ R ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦
xy ✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✷✿
❚/❛:❛♥❞♦ /❡"❛$ ♣❛/❛❧❡❧❛$ ❛♦$ ❡✐①♦$ ❞♦$ x ❡ ❞♦$ y /❡❝♦❜/✐♠♦$ ❛ /❡❣✐;♦ R ♣♦/ ♣❡F✉❡♥♦$ /❡"G♥❣✉❧♦$✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✸✿
❈❛❞❛ /❡"G♥❣✉❧♦ "❡♠ +/❡❛ ∆A = ∆x.∆y✳ ❙❡ ❡$❝♦❧❤❡/♠♦$ ✉♠ ♣♦♥"♦ ❛/❜✐"/+/✐♦✱ F✉❡ ❝❤❛♠❛/❡♠♦$
♣♦♥"♦ ❞❡ ❛♠♦$"/❛❣❡♠✱ ❡♠ ❝❛❞❛ /❡"G♥❣✉❧♦✱ ♣♦❞❡♠♦$ ❛♣/♦①✐♠❛/ ❛ ♣❛/"❡ z F✉❡ ❡$"+ ❛❝✐♠❛ ❞❡ ❝❛❞❛
/❡"G♥❣✉❧♦ ♣♦/ ✉♠❛ ❝❛✐①❛ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/ ✜♥❛ ❝♦♠ ❜❛$❡ ∆A ❡ ❛❧"✉/❛ f (xi , yi )✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✹✿
❖ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡$$❛ ❝❛✐①❛ 4 f (xi , yi ).∆A✳ ❙❡ $❡❣✉✐/♠♦$ ❡$$❡ ♣/♦❝❡❞✐♠❡♥"♦ ♣❛/❛ "♦❞♦$ ♦$ /❡"G♥❣✉❧♦$ ❡

✺✺
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
$♦♠❛/♠♦$ ♦$ ✈♦❧✉♠❡$ ❞❛$ ❝❛✐①❛$ ♦❜"❡/❡♠♦$ ✉♠❛ ❛♣/♦①✐♠❛=>♦ ❞♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ "♦"❛❧ ❞❡ z✿
n
X
V = f (xi , yi ).∆A
i=1
❈♦♠ ♦ ✐♥"✉✐"♦ ❞❡ ♠❡❧❤♦/❛/ ❛ ❛♣/♦①✐♠❛=>♦✱ ❛✉♠❡♥"❛♠♦$ ♦ ♥B♠❡/♦ ❞❡ /❡"C♥❣✉❧♦$✳ ❆$$✐♠✱
n
X
V = lim f (xi , yi ).∆A
n→∞
i=1

❙❡ ❡$$❡ ❧✐♠✐"❡ ❡①✐$"✐/ ❡❧❡ 4 ❝❤❛♠❛❞♦ ✐♥"❡❣%❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛ ❞❡ f (x, y) $♦❜/❡ ❛ /❡❣✐>♦ R ❡ 4 ❞❡♥♦"❛❞♦ ♣♦/
♦✉
✳
RR RR
R f (x, y).dA ou R f (x, y).dxdy
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✶✳✶✳

❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ♦ ✈❛❧♦/ ❞❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧

Z3 Z2
x2 ydydx.
0 1
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
 
Z3 Z2 Z3 Z2 Z3 
2 2 Z3   Z3 3
2 2 2 y  2 1 3 2 3 x3  27
x ydydx =  x ydy dx = x
 dx = x 4 − dx = x dx = =
2 1 2 2 2 3 0  2
0 1 0 1 0 0 0

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✶✳✷✳

❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $F❧✐❞♦ ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ $✉♣❡/✐♦/♠❡♥"❡ ♣❡❧♦ ❣/+✜❝♦ ❞❡ z = 4 − x − y✱ ✐♥❢❡/✐♦/♠❡♥"❡

♣♦/ R $❡♥❞♦ x = 0, x = 2, y = 0 ❡ y = 14 x + 21 ✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✺✿
Z 2Z 1
x+ 12 Z  1 x+ 1
2
4 y 2  4 2
V = (4 − x − y)dydx = (4y − xy − ) dx =
0 0 0 2 0
Z 2  Z 2 
1 2 x 1 2 x 1 3 9 2 15
V = x+2− x − − x − − dx = x− x + dx =
0 4 2 32 8 8 0 8 32 8
 2 2
3x 9 x3 15  3 3 15 15
V = − + x  = − + =
8 2 32 3 8 0 4 4 4 4

✺✻
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✶✳✸✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ZZ
I= (x + y)dA
R

♦♥❞❡ R 4 ❛ /❡❣✐9 ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣♦/ y = x2 ❡ y = 2x✳

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆$$✐♠✱
x2 = 2x
x2 − 2x = 0
x(x − 2) = 0
x = 0 ou x = 2
▲♦❣♦✱ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2✳ .♦/"❛♥"♦ "❡♠♦$✱
Z 2 Z 2x Z 2  2x Z 2 
y 2  2 2 3 x4
I= (x + y)dydx = xy + dx = 2x + 2x − x − dx
0 x2 0 2  x2 0 2
Z 2   2
2 3 x4 4 3 x4 x5  23 32 52
I= 4x − x − dx = x − − = −4− =
0 2 3 4 10 0
 3 10 15

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✶✳✹✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ZZ
y sen(xy)dxdy,
R

♦♥❞❡ R 4 ♦ /❡">♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✈4/"✐❝❡$ ✱ ✱ (1, π) ❡ (0, π)✳

0, π2 1, π2
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
 
cos(xy) 1
Z π Z 1 Z Z π
y sen(xy)dxdy = y. −  dy = π (− cos y + cos 0)dy
π
0 ππ y 0
2 2 2

u = xy
du
y = dx Z
π π  π
π
(1 − cos y)dy = (y − sen y)| π = π − sen(π) − + sen = +1
2 2 2 2

❆❚■❱■❉❆❉❊ ✷✳✶✳✶✳
▲■❱❘❖ ❈➪▲❈❯▲❖ ❇✳ ♣1❣ ✷✹✶
❊①❡/❝H❝✐♦$✿ ✶✱ ✷✱ ✹✱ ✺✱ ✻✱ ✶✶✱ ✶✻✱ ✶✽

✺✼
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
✷✳✷ ❆♣❧✐❝❛()❡+ ❞❛ ■♥/❡❣1❛❧ ❉✉♣❧❛✳ ❱♦❧✉♠❡+✳ ❱❛❧♦1 ♠7❞✐♦✳ ❈❡♥/19✐❞❡✳ ❈❡♥/1♦ ❞❡
♠❛++❛
✷✳✷✳✶ ❱♦❧✉♠❡
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✶✳
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $;❧✐❞♦ S <✉❡ 4 ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❛/❛❜♦❧♦✐❞❡ ❡❧?♣"✐❝♦ x2 + 2y2 + z = 16✱ ♣❡❧♦$
♣❧❛♥♦$ x = 2 ❡ y = 2 ❡ ♣❡❧♦$ ✸ ♣❧❛♥♦$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞♦$✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❊♥"C♦✱ z = 16 − x2 − 2y2 ❡ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ❡ 0 ≤ y ≤ 2✳ ❆$$✐♠✱ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $;❧✐❞♦ 4✿
Z 2Z 2 Z 2  2 Z 2 
x3  8
V = (16 − x2 − 2y 2 )dxdy = 16x − − 2y 2 x  dy = 32 − − 4y 2 dy
0 0 0 3 0 0 3

2   
4 3 2 176 32
Z
88 2 88
V = − 4y dy = y− y  = − = 48
0 3 3 3 0 3 3

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✷✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ "❡"/❛❡❞/♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ x + 2y + z = 2✱ x = 2y✱ x = 0✱ z = 0✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆ /❡❣✐C♦ R 4 ❞❡✜♥✐❞❛ ♣♦/✿ x = 0 ❡ x = 2y → y = x2 ❡ x + 2y = 2 → y = 2−x
2 ✱ ♣♦✐$ z = 0✳ ▲♦❣♦✱

x 2−x
=
2 2
2x = 4 − 2x
x=1
❆$$✐♠✱ ❛ /❡❣✐C♦ R $❡/+✿ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ❡ x2 ≤ y ≤ 2−x
2 ✳
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z 2−x
1Z 2
Z 1  2−x
V = (2 − x − 2y)dydx = (−2y − xy − y 2 ) x 2 dx =
0 x
0 2
2
Z 1 
2x x2 x2 x2 x2
V = +
2−x− − 1 + xx − −x+ + dx =
0 2 2 2 2 4
Z 1  1
2 2x2 x3  1 1
V = = (−2x + x + 1)dx = − + + x  = −1 + + 1 =
2 3 3 3
✳
0 0

❚❡♦-❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❋✉❜✐♥✐ ❙❡❥❛ f (x, y) ✉♠❛ ❢✉♥JC♦ ❝♦♥"?♥✉❛ ♥❛ /❡❣✐C♦ R✿ a ≤ x ≤ b ❡ c ≤ y ≤ d✱ ❡♥"C♦✱

Z dZ b Z bZ d
f (x, y) dx dy = f (x, y) dy dx
c a a c

✷✳✷✳✷ ➪-❡❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛❞❛ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ ✐♥6❡❣-❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛

❆ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛ "❛♠❜4♠ ♣♦❞❡ $❡/ ✉$❛❞❛ ♣❛/❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛/ +/❡❛$✳ ❙❡ ♣❡♥$❛/♠♦$ <✉❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ✉♠
❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ /❡"♦ 4 ❞❛❞♦ ♣♦/
V = A.h
❡ $❡ <✉❡/❡♠♦$ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ❛ +/❡❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ /❡❣✐C♦ D ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy✱ "/❛♥$❧❛❞❛♠♦$ ❛ /❡❣✐C♦ D✱ 1 ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ♣❛/❛
❝✐♠❛✱ ❡♥"C♦ ♦ $;❧✐❞♦ $❡/+ ✉♠ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ /❡"♦ <✉❡ "❡♠ +/❡❛ A✱ ❜❛$❡ D ❡ ♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ z = 1 ❝♦♠♦ "♦♣♦✳

✺✽
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

❉❡$$❡ ♠♦❞♦ $❡❣✉❡ ;✉❡ dA = readeD✳

RR RR
D 1.dA = D

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✻✿

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✸✳
❯$❡ ✉♠❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛ ♣❛/❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ❛ +/❡❛ ❞❛ /❡❣✐B♦ R ❝♦♠♣/❡❡♥❞✐❞❛ ♣❡❧❛ ♣❛/+❜♦❧❛ y = x2 ❡ ❛ 2

/❡"❛ y = 2x✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❛♥❞♦ ❛ /❡❣✐B♦ R "❡♠♦$✱
x2
= 2x
2
x2 = 4x
x2 − 4x = 0
x(x − 4) = 0
x=0 x=4
▲♦❣♦✱ 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 ❡ x2 ≤ y ≤ 2x✳2

❊♥"B♦✱ ❛ +/❡❛ ❞❛ /❡❣✐B♦ R 4✿

Z 4 Z 2x Z 4 Z 4   4
2x x2 2 x3  64 16
A= dy dx = y| x2 dx = 2x + dx = x − = 16 − =
0 x2
0 2 0 2 6 0  6 3
2

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✹✳
❯"✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦ ♦ ❚❡♦/❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❋✉❜✐♥✐✱ ✐♥✈❡/"❛ ❛ ♦/❞❡♠ ❞❡ ✐♥"❡❣/❛JB♦✿
Z 2 Z 2x
(4x + 2) dy dx
0 x2

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆ /❡❣✐B♦ R 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/✿ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ❡ x2 ≤ y ≤ 2x✳
❊♥"B♦✱ ❡$"+ 4 ❛ /❡❣✐B♦ ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣❡❧❛$ ❝✉/✈❛$
y = x2 , y = 2x, x = 0, x = 2

.❛/❛ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❛/ ♦$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$ ♥❛ ♦/❞❡♠ ✐♥✈❡/$❛ "❡♠♦$✿

√ y
x= y, x = , y = 0, y = 4
2
❆$$✐♠✱ Z √
4Z y
(4x + 2) dx dy
y
0 2

✺✾
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✺✳
❊♥❝♦♥"/❡ ❛ +/❡❛ ❞❛ /❡❣✐:♦ R ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣❡❧❛ ♣❛/+❜♦❧❛ y = x2 ❡ ❛ /❡"❛ y = x + 2✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆ /❡❣✐:♦ R 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/✿
x2 = x + 2
x2 − x − 2 = 0
1±3
x= = x′ = 2 ou x′′ = −1
2
▲♦❣♦✱ ❛ /❡❣✐:♦ R $❡/+ −1 ≤ x ≤ 2 ❡ x2 ≤ y ≤ x + 2✳
❆$$✐♠✱
Z 2 Z x+2 Z 2 Z 2
A= dy dx = y|x+2
x2 dx = (x + 2 − x2 ) dx =
−1 x2 −1 −1
 2    
x2  x34 8 1 1 9
A= + 2x −  = +4− − −2+ =
2 3 −1
 2 3 2 3 2

✷✳✷✳✸ ❱❛❧♦- ♠.❞✐♦

❖ ✈❛❧♦/ ♠4❞✐♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❢✉♥C:♦ ❝♦♥"D♥✉❛ f (x, y) ♥✉♠❛ /❡❣✐:♦ R ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy 4 ❞❡✜♥✐❞♦ ❝♦♠♦
ZZ
1
fm = . f (x, y) dA
A(R) R

♦♥❞❡ A(R) 4 ❛ +/❡❛ ❞❛ /❡❣✐:♦ R✳

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✻✳
❊♥❝♦♥"/❡ ♦ ✈❛❧♦/ ♠4❞✐♦ ❞❡ f (x, y) = x. cos(xy) $♦❜/❡ ♦ /❡"F♥❣✉❧♦ R : 0 ≤ x ≤ π, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❖ ✈❛❧♦/ ❞❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞❡ f (x, y) $♦❜/❡ R 4

sen(xy) 1
Z π Z 1 Z π Z π
x. cos(xy) dy dx = x. dy = (sen(x) − 0) dx =
0 0 0 x 0 0

− cos x|π0 = − cos π + cos 0 = 2

❆ +/❡❛ R 4✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✼✿

A = π.1 = π
▲♦❣♦✱ ♦ ✈❛❧♦/ ♠4❞✐♦ ❞❛ ❢✉♥C:♦ f (x, y) 4✿
2
fm =
π

✻✵
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❖❇❙❊❘❱❆➬➹❖✿ ❙❡ ❛ "❡♠♣❡/❛"✉/❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ♣❧❛❝❛ ❝♦❜/✐♥❞♦ R ❢♦/ f (x, y)✱ ❡♥"=♦ fm $❡/+ ❛ "❡♠♣❡✲
/❛"✉/❛ ♠4❞✐❛ ❞❛ ♣❧❛❝❛✳
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✷✳✼✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ❛ +/❡❛ ❞❛ /❡❣✐=♦ ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣♦/ y = x3 ✱ y = −x ❡ y = 23 x + 203 ✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆ /❡❣✐=♦ R 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✽✿

❘1 :
2 20
x= = −x
3 3
2x + 3x = −20
5x = −20
x = −4

❘2 :
2 20
x3 = x +
3 3
3x3 − 2x − 20 = 0
x=2
▲♦❣♦✱ ❞❡ R1 "❡♠♦$ D✉❡ −4 ≤ x ≤ 0 ❡ −x ≤ y ≤ 2
3x + 20
3 ❡ ❞❡ R2 "❡♠♦$ D✉❡ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ❡
3 ✳
2
x3 ≤y≤ 3x + 20
❆$$✐♠✱
2
Z 0 Z x+ 20 Z 2Z 2
x+ 20 Z 0 2
Z 2
3 3 3 3 x+ 20 2
x+ 20
A= dy dx + = y|−x
3 3
dx + y|x33 3
=
−4 −x 0 x3 −4 0
Z 0  Z 2 
2 20 2 20 3
A= x+ + x dx + x+ − x dx =
−4 3 3 0 3 3
   2
5 2 20 0 2 2 20 x4 
A= x + x  + x + x− =
6 3 −4 6 3 4 0
 
5.16 20.(−4) 8 40 16 80 80 8 40 16
A=− + + + − =− + + + − = 24
6 3 6 3 4 6 3 6 3 4

✻✶
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
✷✳✸ ■♥%❡❣(❛✐+ ❞✉♣❧❛+ ❡♠ ❝♦♦(❞❡♥❛❞❛+ ♣♦❧❛(❡+✳ ❆♣❧✐❝❛45❡+
❙✉♣♦♥❤❛ ;✉❡ ;✉❡✐/❛♠♦$ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛ dA✱ ♦♥❞❡ 4 ✉♠❛ ❞❛$ $❡❣✉✐♥"❡$
RR
R f (x, y) R
/❡❣✐?❡$✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✸✾✿
❊♠ ;✉❛❧;✉❡/ ❞♦$ ❝❛$♦$✱ ❛ ❞❡$❝/✐EF♦ ❞❡ R 4 ❝♦♠♣❧✐❝❛❞❛ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$✱ ♠❛$ ✜❝❛ ♠❛✐$
❢+❝✐❧ ✉"✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦✲$❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✵✿

r 2 = x2 + y 2
x = r. cos θ
y = r. sen θ
▲♦❣♦✱ $❡❣✉❡ ❛❜❛✐①♦ ❛ ♠✉❞❛♥E❛ ♣❛/❛ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛✿
❙❡ f 4 ❝♦♥"N♥✉❛ ♥♦ /❡"O♥❣✉❧♦ ♣♦❧❛/ R ❞❛❞♦ ♣♦/ 0 ≤ a ≤ r ≤ b✱ α ≤ θ ≤ β ✱ ♦♥❞❡ 0 ≤ β − α ≤ 2π✱
❡♥"F♦ ZZ Z βZ b
f (x, y) dA = f (r cos θ, r sen θ).r.dr.dθ
R α a

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✶✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ R (3x+4y2 ) dA✱ ♦♥❞❡ R 4 ❛ /❡❣✐F♦ ♥♦ $❡♠✐♣❧❛♥♦ $✉♣❡/✐♦/ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣❡❧♦$ ❝✐/❝✉❧♦$ x2 +y2 = 1
RR

❡ x2 + y2 = 4✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆ /❡❣✐F♦ R ♣♦❞❡ $❡/ ❡$❝/✐"❛ ❝♦♠♦

R = (x, y) | y ≥ 0, 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 4

❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ "❡♠♦$✿

1≤r≤2 e 0≤θ≤π

✻✷
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
ZZ Z π Z 2 Z π Z 2
2 2 2
(3x + 4y ) dA = (3r cos θ + 4r sen θ) r dr dθ = (3r2 cos θ + 4r3 sen2 θ) dr dθ =
R 0 1 0 1

4 2
Z π   Z π
r3 2 r


3 cos θ + 4 sen θ  dθ = 8 cos θ + 16 sen2 θ − cos θ − sen2 θ dθ =
0 3 4 1 
0
Z π Z π 

15 − cos(2θ)
7 cos θ + 15 sen θ dθ = ✯✯✯
2
7 cos θ + dθ
0 0 2
✯✯✯❖❇❙✿ sen2 θ = 1−cos(2θ)
2
 
15 15 sen(2θ) π 15π
7 sen θ + θ − =
2 2 2 
0 2

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✷✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ x2 + y 2 dx dy ✱ $❡♥❞♦ R ♦ ❝✐/❝✉❧♦ ❞❡ ❝❡♥"/♦ ♥❛ ♦/✐❣❡♠ ❡ /❛✐♦ 2✳
RR p
R
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❚❡♠♦$ @✉❡ ♦ R 4 ❛ /❡❣✐A♦ x2 + y2 = 4✳ ❆$$✐♠✱ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ "❡♠♦$✿
p
0 ≤ r ≤ 2 e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π e x2 + y 2 = r

▲♦❣♦✱
ZZ p Z 2π Z 2 Z 2π Z 2
2 2
x + y dx dy = r.r dr dθ = r2 dr dθ =
R 0 0 0 0
2 
8 2π
Z 2π Z 2π
r3  8 16
dθ = dθ = θ = π
0 3 0 
0 3 3 0 3

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✸✳
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $F❧✐❞♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ z = 0 ❡ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❛/❛❜♦❧♦✐❞❡ z = 1 − x2 − y2 ✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❙❡ z = 0✱ ❛ /❡❣✐A♦ R $❡/+
x2 + y 2 = 1
♦✉ $❡❥❛✱ ✉♠❛ ❝✐/❝✉♥❢❡/I♥❝✐❛ ❝❡♥"/❛❞❛ ♥❛ ♦/✐❣❡♠ ❞❡ /❛✐♦ 1✳ .♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ❞❡✈❡♠♦$ "/❛❜❛❧❤❛/ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$
♣♦❧❛/❡$✳
❆$$✐♠✱
0 ≤ r ≤ 1 e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
❆❧4♠ ❞✐$$♦✱
z = 1 − x2 − y 2 = 1 − r 2
♣♦✐$✱ x2 = r2 cos2 θ ❡ y2 = r2 sen2 θ✳
▲♦❣♦✱
Z 2π Z 1 Z 2π Z 1
2
V = (1 − r )r dr dθ = (r − r3 ) dr dθ
0 0 0 0
Z1 2π 
Z 2π  
 r2
1 1 r4
V = −  dθ = − dθ
0 2 4 0 0 2 4

1 2π
Z 2π
2 π
V = dθ = θ = u.v.
0 8 4 0 2

✻✸
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✹✳
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $;❧✐❞♦ <✉❡ ❡$"+ $♦❜ ♦ ♣❛/❛❜♦❧♦✐❞❡ z = x2 + y2 ✱ ❛❝✐♠❛ ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy ❡ ❞❡♥"/♦
❞♦ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ x2 + y2 = 2x✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❆ +/❡❛ R 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/
x2 + y 2 = 2x
x2 − 2x + y 2 = 0
x2 − 2x + 1 −1 + y 2 = 0
| {z }

(x − 1)2 + y 2 = 1
<✉❡ 4 ✉♠❛ ❝✐/❝✉♥❢❡/@♥❝✐❛ ❝❡♥"/❛❞❛ ❡♠ (1, 0) ❞❡ /❛✐♦ 1✳
❆$$✐♠✱ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ "❡♠♦$
x2 + y 2 = r2 e x = r cos θ , y = r sen θ

▲♦❣♦✱ ❞❡ x2 + y2 = 2x✱ "❡♠♦$

r2 = 2r cos θ
r = 2 cos θ
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ π π
0 ≤ r ≤ 2 cos θ e − ≤θ≤ e z = x2 + y 2 = r 2
2 2
▲♦❣♦✱ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $;❧✐❞♦ $❡/+✿
Z π Z 2 cos θ Z π Z 2 cos θ
2 2
2
V = r .r dr dθ = r3 dr dθ
− π2 0 − π2 0
2 cos θ Z π  
1 + cos(2θ) 2
Z π Z π
r4 
4 cos θ dθ = ✯✯✯
2 2 2
4
V = dθ = 4. dθ
− π2 4 0 2

− π2 − π2
Z π Z π  
2
2

2 1 + cos(4θ) 3 3π
V = 1 + 2 cos(2θ) + cos (2θ) dθ = 1 + 2 cos(2θ) + dθ = .π =
− π2 −π 2 2 2
2

✯✯✯❖❇❙✿ cos2 θ = 1+cos(2θ)

2

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✺✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ I = dx dy ✱ ♦♥❞❡ 4 ❛ /❡❣✐G♦ ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣♦/ ❡
RR x2 +y 2
Re R xy x2 + y 2 = 4
x + y 2 = 9✳
2

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿
❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$✱ ❛$ ❡<✉❛IJ❡$ ❞❛$ ❝✐/❝✉♥❢❡/@♥❝✐❛$ <✉❡ ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛♠ R $G♦ ❞❛❞❛$ ♣♦/
r = 2 e r = 3 e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ 3
ZZ Z 2π Z 3 Z 2π 2
x2 +y 2 r2 er 

I= e dx dy = e r dr dθ =  dθ
R 0 2 0 2 
2
Z 2π   2π
e9 e 4 e9 − e4  e9 − e4
I= − dθ = θ = .2π = π(e9 − e4 )
0 2 2 2 0 2

✻✹
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✻✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ I√ = R x2 + y2 dx dy✱ $❡♥❞♦ R ❛ /❡❣✐:♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣❡❧❛$ ❝✉/✈❛$ x2 +y2 = 2x✱ x2 +y2 = 4x✱
RR p

y = x ❡ y = 33 x✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❆ /❡❣✐:♦ R 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✶✿
❖ C♥❣✉❧♦ θ ♣♦$$✉✐ ♦$ $❡❣✉✐♥"❡$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$✿ π
6 ≤θ≤ π
4 ✳ .♦✐$✱
√
3 π π
tg(α) = →α= tg(β) = 1 → β =
3 6 4
▲♦❣♦✱ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ "❡♠♦$✿
x2 + y 2 = 2x ⇒ r = 2 cos θ

x2 + y 2 = 4x ⇒ r = 4 cos θ
π
y=x⇒θ=
4
√
3 π
y= x⇒θ=
3 6
❆$$✐♠✱ π π
2 cos θ ≤ r ≤ 4 cos θ e ≤θ≤
6 4
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
ZZ p Z π Z 4 cos θ p
4
I= 2 2
x + y dx dy = r2 cos2 θ + r2 sen2 θ r dr dθ
R π
6
2 cos θ
Z π Z 4 cos θ Z π 4 cos θ Z π 
4 4 r3  4 64 8
I= r2 dr dθ = dθ = 3 3
cos θ − cos θ dθ
π
2 cos θ π 3 2 cos θ π 3 3
6 6 6
Z π Z π Z π
4 56 56 4 56 4
I= cos3 θ dθ = cos θ. cos2 θ dθ = cos θ.(1 − sen2 θ) dθ
π 3 3 π 3 π
6 6 6
Z π   π
56 sen3 θ  4
cos θ − cos θ. sen θ dθ = ✯✯✯
4

2
I= sen θ −
π 3 3 π
6 6

✯✯✯
R 2 3
u = sen θ → du = cos θdθ ⇒ u du = u3

✻✺
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
! "
56  π  sen3 π
 π  sen3 π

4 6
I= sen − − sen +
3 4 3 6 3
! √ √ " ! √ "
56 2 2 2 1 1 56 10 2 7  √ 
I = . 3. − − 3. + = . − 118 = . 10 2 − 11
9 2 8 2 8 9 8 9

❆❚■❱■❉❆❉❊ ✷✳✸✳✶✳
▲■❱❘❖ ❈➪▲❈❯▲❖ ❇✳ ♣+❣ ✷✺✹ ❡ ♣+❣ ✷✺✺

✷✳✸✳✶ ❆♣❧✐❝❛45❡6
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✼✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $A❧✐❞♦ ❛❝✐♠❛ ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣♦/ z = 4 − 2x2 + 2y2 ✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❆ /❡❣✐D♦ R 4 ❛ /❡❣✐D♦ ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣♦/

2x2 + 2y 2 = 4

x2 + y 2 = 2
√
▲♦❣♦✱ 4 ✉♠❛ ❝✐/❝✉♥❢❡/F♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ /❛✐♦ 2✳ .♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ✉"✐❧✐③❛♠♦$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ ♣❛/❛ ♦❜"❡/ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡
❞♦ $A❧✐❞♦✳ ❆$$✐♠✱
√
0≤r≤ 2 e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
▲♦❣♦✱
Z Z √ Z Z √
2π 2 2π 2
V = (4 − 2r2 ).r dr dθ = (4r − 2r3 ) dr dθ
0 0 0 0
Z 2π  √
4  2 Z 2π
r
V = 2
2r −  dθ = (4 − 2) dθ = (2)θ|2π
0 = 4π
0 2 0 0

❈❡♥=>♦ ❞❡ ▼❛66❛
.♦❞❡♠♦$ ✉"✐❧✐③❛/ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛ ♣❛/❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ❛ ♠❛$$❛ ❡ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❧I♠✐♥❛ ♥D♦
❤♦♠♦❣F♥❡❛✱ ❝♦♠ ❛ ❢♦/♠❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ /❡❣✐D♦ R ❡ ❝♦♠ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ +/❡❛ ❡♠ ✉♠ ♣♦♥"♦ (x, y) ❞❡ R ❞❛❞❛
♣❡❧❛ ❢✉♥KD♦ ❝♦♥"L♥✉❛ ρ = ρ(x, y)✳
❆ ♠❛$$❛ "♦"❛❧ ❞❛ ❧I♠✐♥❛ 4 ❞❡✜♥✐❞❛ ♣♦/
ZZ
M= ρ(x, y) dA
R

❖ ♠♦♠❡♥%♦ ❞❡ ♠❛((❛ ❡♠ )❡❧❛+,♦ ❛♦ ❡✐①♦ x / ❞❛❞♦ ♣♦)

ZZ
Mx = y ρ(x, y) dA
R

❊ ♠♦♠❡♥%♦ ❞❡ ♠❛((❛ ❡♠ )❡❧❛+,♦ ❛♦ ❡✐①♦ y / ❞❛❞♦ ♣♦)

ZZ
My = x ρ(x, y) dA
R

✻✻
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ♦ ❈❡♥#$♦ ❞❡ ▼❛))❛✱ ❞❡♥♦"❛❞♦ ♣♦/ (x, y) 4 ❞❡✜♥✐❞♦ ♣♦/
My Mx
x= e y=
M M
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✸✳✽✳
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❛/ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❝❤❛♣❛ ❤♦♠♦❣?♥❡❛ ❢♦/♠❛❞❛ ♣♦/ ✉♠ @✉❛❞/❛❞♦ ❞❡ ❧❛❞♦ 2a✱ ❡♠
❝✐♠❛ ♣♦/ ✉♠ "/✐A♥❣✉❧♦ ✐$B$❝❡❧❡$ @✉❡ "❡♠ ♣♦/ ❜❛$❡ 2a ❞♦ @✉❛❞/❛❞♦ ❡ ♣♦/ ❛❧"✉/❛ a✳ ❯"✐❧✐③❡ ρ(x, y) = k✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✷✿
❈♦♠♦ ❛ ❝❤❛♣❛ 4 ❤♦♠♦❣?♥❡❛ ❡ ❡$"+ ❛❧♦❝❛❞❛ $✐♠❡"/✐❝❛♠❡♥"❡ ❡♠ /❡❧❛IJ♦ ❛♦ ❡✐①♦ y✱ ✈❛♠♦$ "/❛❜❛❧❤❛/
$♦♠❡♥"❡ ❝♦♠ ❛ ♠❡"❛❞❡ ❞❛ /❡❣✐J♦✳ ❆$$✐♠✱
0≤x≤a 0 ≤ y ≤ 3a − x

▲♦❣♦✱ ❛ ♠❛$$❛ "♦"❛❧ 4✿

Z a Z 3a−x
3a−x Z a Z a

M = 2. k dy dx = 2. k.y 
 dx = 2. (3ak − kx) dx
0 0 0 0 0
 a
kx2 
M = 2. 3akx − = 6a2 k − a2 k = 5a2 k
2 0
.❛/❛ ❛❝❤❛/♠♦$ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ 4 ♥❡❝❡$$+/✐♦ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❛/ Mx ❡ My ✳ ❆$$✐♠✱
Z 0 Z x+3a Z a Z −x+3a
Mx = y k dy dx + y k dy dx
−a 0 0 0
x+3a
Z 0 Z a −x+3a
y 2  y 2 
Mx = k  dx + k  dx
−a 2 0 0 2 0
Z 0 Z a
k 2 2

k 2

Mx = x + 6ax + 9a dx + x − 6ax + 9a2 dx
−a 2 0 2

0
 3   a
k x 6ax2 2 k x3 6ax2 2

Mx = + + 9a x   + − + 9a x 
2 3 2 −a 2 3 2 0
 3 3 3 3

k a 6a a 6a
Mx = − + 9a3 + − + 9a3
2 3 2 3 2
k 38 3 19a3 k
Mx = . a =
8 3 3
❡ My = 0 ✭❈❖◆❋❊❘■❘✦✮
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱

✻✼
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

My
x= =0
M
19a k 3
Mx 19a3 k 1 19a
y= = 32 = . 2 =
M 5a k 3 5a k 15
❆$$✐♠✱ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ 4 0, 19a ✳


15

✷✳✹ ■♥%❡❣(❛✐+ %(✐♣❧❛✳ ❈/❧❝✉❧♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✐♥%❡❣(❛❧ (❡♣❡%✐❞❛✳ ▼♦♠❡♥%♦ ❞❡ ✐♥6(❝✐❛

❆$$✐♠ ❝♦♠♦ ❞❡✜♥✐♠♦$ ✐♥"❡❣/❛✐$ ✉♥✐❞✐♠❡♥$✐♦♥❛✐$ ♣❛/❛ ❢✉♥=>♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ✈❛/✐+✈❡❧✱ ✈❛♠♦$ ❞❡✜♥✐/ ✐♥"❡✲
❣/❛✐$ "/✐♣❧❛$ ♣❛/❛ ❢✉♥=@❡$ ❞❡ 3 ✈❛/✐+✈❡✐$✳
❱❛♠♦$ ❝♦♥$✐❞❡/❛/ B✉❡ f 4 ❞❡✜♥✐❞❛ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ ❝❛✐①❛ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/
B = {(x, y, z)|a ≤ x ≤ b, c ≤ y ≤ d, r ≤ z ≤ s}
❖ ♣/✐♠❡✐/♦ ♣❛$$♦ 4 ❞✐✈✐❞✐/ B ❡♠ $✉❜❝❛✐①❛$✳ ❋❛③❡♠♦$ ✐$$♦ ❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❞♦ ♦ ✐♥"❡/✈❛❧♦ [a, b] ❡♠ l $✉❜✐♥"❡/✲
✈❛❧♦$ [xi−1 , xi ] ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣/✐♠❡♥"♦$ ✐❣✉❛✐$ ❛ ∆x✱ ❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❞♦ [c, d] ❡♠ m $✉❜✐♥"❡/✈❛❧♦$ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣/✐♠❡♥"♦ ∆y✱
❡ ❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❞♦ [r, s] ❡♠ n $✉❜✐♥"❡/✈❛❧♦$ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣/✐♠❡♥"♦ ∆z✳ ❊♥">♦✱ "❡♠♦$ ❛$ $✉❜❝❛✐①❛$
Bijk = [xi−1 , xi ] × [yj−1 , yj ] × [zk−1 , zk ]
❝❛❞❛ $✉❜❝❛✐①❛ "❡♠ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ∆V = ∆x.∆y.∆z✳
❆$$✐♠✱ ❢♦/♠❛♠♦$ ❛ $♦♠❛ "/✐♣❧❛ ❞❡ ❘✐❡♠❛♥♥
l X
X m X
n
f (xijk , yijk , zijk ).∆V
i=1 j=1 k=1

♦♥❞❡ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ✭①ijk , yijk , zijk )estem❇ijk ✳

.♦/ ❛♥❛❧♦❣✐❛ ❝♦♠ ❛ ❞❡✜♥✐=>♦ ❞❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛✱ ❞❡✜♥✐♠♦$ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❛ ❝♦♠♦ ♦ ❧✐♠✐"❡ ❞❛$ $♦♠❛$
❞❡ ❘✐❡♠❛♥♥✳

❉❡✜♥✐%&♦✿
❆ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❚/✐♣❧❛ ❞❡ f ♥❛ ❝❛✐①❛ B 4
ZZZ l X
X m X
n
f (x, y, z) dV = lim f (xijk , yijk , zijk ).∆V
B l,m,n→∞
i=1 j=1 k=1
$❡ ❡$$❡ ❧✐♠✐"❡ ❡①✐$"✐/✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✸✿
❈♦♠♦ ♥❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛✱ ♦ ♠4"♦❞♦ ♣/+"✐❝♦ ♣❛/❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛/ ✉♠❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ ❝♦♥$✐$"❡ ❡♠ ❡①♣/❡$$+✲❧❛
❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ✐"❡/❛❞❛✳

✻✽
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❚❡♦#❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❋✉❜✐♥✐✿
❙❡ f ❢♦/ ❝♦♥"9♥✉❛ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ ❝❛✐①❛ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/ B = [a, b] × [c, d] × [r, s]✱ ❡♥">♦
ZZZ Z sZ dZ b
f (x, y, z) dV = f (x, y, z) dx dy dz
B r c a

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✹✳✶✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ xyz 2 dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ❛ ❝❛✐①❛ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/ ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/
RRR
B

B = {(x, y, z)|0 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤ y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 3}

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

ZZZ Z 3Z 2 Z 1
1 Z 3Z 2
2 2 x2  2
xyz dV = xyz dx dy dz = yz dy dz =
B 0 −1 0 0 −1 2 0
Z 3Z 2 Z 3 2 Z 3 
1 2 1 2 y 2  2 1 2
yz dy dz = z dz = z − z dz =
0 −1 2 0 2 2 −1 0 4
Z 3 3
3 2 3 z 3  27
z dz =  = 4
0 4 4 3 0

❱❛♠♦$ ❞❡✜♥✐/ ✉♠❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ $♦❜/❡ ✉♠❛ /❡❣✐>♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ❣❡/❛❧ ❡ ♥♦ ❡$♣❛C♦ "/✐❞✐♠❡♥$✐♦♥❛❧ ♣❡❧♦
♠❡$♠♦ ♠4"♦❞♦ ✉$❛❞♦ ♣❛/❛ ❛$ ✐♥"❡❣/❛✐$ ❞✉♣❧❛$✳
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✹✳✷✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ z dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ♦ "❡"/❛❡❞/♦ $D❧✐❞♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦$ E✉❛"/♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ x = 0✱ y = 0✱ z = 0
RRR
B
❡ x + y + z = 1✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❆ /❡❣✐>♦ B 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✹✿
▲♦❣♦✱ ❛ ❢/♦♥"❡✐/❛ ✐♥❢❡/✐♦/ 4 z = 0 ❡ ❛ $✉♣❡/✐♦/ 4 x + y + z = 1✳ ❆$$✐♠ "❡♠♦$
0≤x≤1 ; 0≤y ≤1−x ; 0≤z ≤1−x−y

.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y Z 1 Z 1−x
1−x−y
z 2 
z dz dy dx = dy dx =
0 0 0 0 0 2 0

✻✾
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1
1−x Z 1
2 1 (1 − x − y)3  1 
(1 − x − y) dy dx = − dx = − (1 − x − 1 + x)3 − (1 − x)3 dx
0 0 0 2 3 
0 0 6
Z 1  1
(1 − x)3 (1 − x)4  1
dx = − =
0 6 24 
0 24

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✹✳✸✳
RRR √
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ E x2 + z2 dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ E 4 ❛ /❡❣✐:♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❛/❛❜♦❧♦✐❞❡ y = x2 + z2 ❡ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❧❛♥♦
y = 4✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❆ /❡❣✐:♦ E 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✺✿ ❘❡❣✐:♦ ❞❡ ✐♥"❡❣/❛B:♦

❙❡ ♣/♦❥❡"❛/♠♦$ ❛ /❡❣✐:♦ ♥♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy "❡/❡♠♦$

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✻✿
❆$$✐♠ "❡/❡♠♦$ ♦ ❧✐♠✐"❡ ✐♥❢❡/✐♦/ ❡ $✉♣❡/✐♦/ ❝♦♠♦ $❡♥❞♦✿
p
y = x2 + z 2 → z = ± y − x2

▲♦❣♦✱
p p
−2 ≤ x ≤ 2 ; x2 ≤ y ≤ 4 ; − y − x2 ≤ z ≤ y − x2
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z 2 Z 4 Z y−x2 p
√ x2 + z 2 dz dy dx
−2 x2 − y−x2

❘❡$♦❧✈❡/ ❡$"❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ 4 ♠✉✐"♦ ❞✐❢H❝✐❧✳ .♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ✈❛♠♦$ ❢❛③❡/ ❛ ♣/♦❥❡B:♦ ♥♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xz✳ ❆$$✐♠ "❡♠♦$✱
❆$$✐♠✱ ♦$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$ $:♦✿
p p
x2 + z 2 ≤ y ≤ 4 ; −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 ; − 4 − x2 ≤ z ≤ 4 + x2
| {z }
Regiao de projecao D

✼✵
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✼✿ ❘❡❣✐=♦ ❞❡ ♣/♦❥❡@=♦ ❉

▲♦❣♦✱
Z Z Z 4 p  ZZ p 4 ZZ p
x2 + y 2 .(4 − x2 − z 2 ) dA
2 2 
x + z dy dA = x2 + z 2 y  2 dA =
D x2 +z 2 D x +z 2 D

.❛/❛ /❡$♦❧✈❡/ ❡$"❛ E❧"✐♠❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧✱ ✈❛♠♦$ "/❛♥$❢♦/♠❛/ ❛ /❡❣✐=♦ D ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$✳ ❆$$✐♠✱
0≤r≤2 e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
▲♦❣♦✱
ZZ p Z 2π Z 2
x2 + y 2 .(4 − x2 − z 2 ) dA = r.(4 − r2 ).r dr dθ =
D 0 0
Z 2π Z 2 Z 2π 2
 Z 2π  
2 4
 4r3 r5 32 32
(4r − r ) dr dθ = −  dθ = − dθ =
0 0 0 3 5 0 0 3 5

64 2π
Z 2π
64 128
dθ = θ = π
0 15 15 0 15

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✹✳✹✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ E x dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ E 4 ♦ $G❧✐❞♦ ❞❡❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ x2 +y2 = 25✱ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ x+y +z = 8
RRR

❡ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy✳

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✽✿
❆$$✐♠✱ /❡$♦❧✈❡♥❞♦ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ♣/✐♠❡✐/♦ ❡♠ z "❡♠♦$✿
ZZ Z 8−x−y ZZ 8−x−y ZZ

x dz dA = xz 
 dA = x(8 − x − y) dA
D 0 D 0 D

❚/❛♥$❢♦/♠❛♥❞♦ ❛ /❡❣✐=♦ D ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$✱ "❡♠♦$

✼✶
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

0≤r≤5 e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
❆$$✐♠✱
ZZ Z 2π Z 5
x(8 − x − y) dA = r cos θ(8 − r cos θ − r sen θ)r dr dθ =
D 0 0
Z 2π Z 5
(8r2 cos θ − r3 cos2 θ − r3 cos θ sen θ) dr dθ =
0 0
Z 2π  5
r3 2 r
4 r4 
8 cos θ − cos θ − cos θ sen θ dθ =
0 3 4 4 0
Z 2π  
1000 625 625
cos θ − cos4 θ − cos θ sen θ dθ =
0 3 4 4
Z 2π
1000 625

cos θ − cos2 θ + cos θ sen θ dθ = ✯✯✯
0 3 4
✯✯✯ cos2 θ = 1+cos 2θ
2 ❡ u = sen θ ⇒ du = cos θdθ✳
  2π
1000 625 1 (− sen 2θ)  = − 625 π

= − sen θ − θ+ + sen θ
3 4 2 4 
0 4

❆♣❧✐❝❛'(❡*✿

▲❡♠❜/❡✲$❡✿
• ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ a f (x) dx✱ $❡ f (x) ≥ 0✱ /❡♣/❡$❡♥"❛ ❛ +/❡❛ ❛❜❛✐①♦ ❞❛ ❝✉/✈❛ y = f (x) ❞❡ a ❛"4 b✳
Rb

• ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ ❞✉♣❧❛ D f (x, y) dA✱ $❡ f (x, y) ≥ 0✱ /❡♣/❡$❡♥"❛ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ $♦❜ ❛ $✉♣❡/❢A❝✐❡ z = f (x, y)
RR

❛❝✐♠❛ ❞❡ D✳
• ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ B f (x, y, z) dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ f (x, y, z)0✱ ♥B♦ 4 ♠✉✐"♦ C"✐❧✱ ♣♦/D✉❡ $❡/✐❛ ✉♠ ❤✐♣❡/✈♦✲
RRR

❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ✉♠ ♦❜❥❡"♦ ❞❡ 4 ❞✐♠❡♥$G❡$✳ ❆♣❡$❛/ ❞✐$$♦✱ ❤+ ❛❧❣✉♠❛$ ❛♣❧✐❝❛HG❡$ ❡♠ ❢A$✐❝❛✳

❱❛♠♦$ ❝♦♠❡H❛/ ♥♦ ❝❛$♦ ❡$♣❡❝✐❛❧✱ ♦✉ $❡❥❛✱ f (x, y, z) = 1✳
◆❡$"❡ ❝❛$♦✱ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ /❡♣/❡$❡♥"❛ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ B ✿ V (B) = B dV ✳
RRR

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✹✳✺✳
❯$❡ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ ♣❛/❛ ❞❡"❡/♠✐♥❛/ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ "❡"/❛❡❞/♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ x + 2y + z = 2✱
x = 2y ✱ x = 0✱ z = 0✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✹✾✿
✼✷
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❆$$✐♠✱ ♦$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$ $:♦✿ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ✱ x2 ≤ y ≤ − x2 + 1 ❡ 0 ≤ z ≤ 2 − x − 2y✳
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z 1 Z − x2 +1 Z 2−x−2y R 1 R − x2 +1 1
V = dz dy dx = 0 x (2 − x − 2y)dy dx =
0 x
0 | 2
{z } 3
2
Igual ao calculo usando integral dupla

❙❡ ❛ ❢✉♥=:♦ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✉♠ ♦❜❥❡"♦ $@❧✐❞♦ A✉❡ ♦❝✉♣❛ ❛ /❡❣✐:♦ E 4 ρ(x, y, z)✱ ❡♠ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡$ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛
♣♦/ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡✱ ❡♠ A✉❛❧A✉❡/ ♣♦♥"♦ (x, y, z)✱ ❡♥":♦✿
▼❆❙❙❆✿
ZZZ
M= ρ(x, y, z) dV
E

▼❖▼❊◆❚❖ ❉❊ ▼❆❙❙❆ ❡♠ /❡❧❛=:♦ ❛♦$ "/E$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞♦$✿

ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ
Mxy = z ρ(x, y, z) dV ; Mxz = y ρ(x, y, z) dV ; Myz = x ρ(x, y, z) dV
E E E

❈❊◆❚❘❖ ❉❊ ▼❆❙❙❆ ❡$"+ ❧♦❝❛❧✐③❛❞♦ ♥♦ ♣♦♥"♦ (x, y, z)✱ ♦♥❞❡✿

Myz Mxz Mxy
x= ; y= ; z=
M M M
❙❡ ❛ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ 4 ❝♦♥$"❛♥"❡✱ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ 4 ❝❤❛♠❛❞♦ ❝❡♥./0✐❞❡ ❞❡ E ✳
❖ ♠♦♠❡♥.♦ ❞❡ ✐♥5/❝✐❛ ❡♠ /❡❧❛=:♦ ❛♦$ 3 ❡✐①♦$ $:♦✿
ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ
2 2 2 2
Ix = (y +z ) ρ(x, y, z) dV ; Iy = (x +z ) ρ(x, y, z) dV ; Iy = (x2 +y 2 ) ρ(x, y, z) dV
E E E

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✹✳✻✳
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ $@❧✐❞♦ ❝♦♠ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ ❝♦♥$"❛♥"❡ (ρ(x, y, z) = k) A✉❡ 4 ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦
♣❡❧♦ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ x = y2 ❡ ♣❡❧♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ x = z✱ z = 0 ❡ x = 1✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✵✿
❖$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$ $:♦✿ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1✱ −√x ≤ y ≤ √x ❡ 0 ≤ z ≤ x✳
❊♥":♦✱ ❛ ♠❛$$❛ 4✿
Z √ √ √
1Z x Z x Z 1Z x Z 1Z x
M= √
k dz dy dx = √
k z|x0 dy dx = √
k x dy dx
0 − x 0 0 − x 0 − x
Z 1 √ Z 1 √ √
Z 1 3
x
M= k x y|−√x dx = kx x + kx x) dx = 2 x 2 k dx
0 0 0

✼✸
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
5 1

2kx 2  4k
M = 2.  =
5  5
0
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛♥❞♦ ♦$ ♠♦♠❡♥"♦$ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ "❡♠♦$✿
ZZZ
4k
Myz = x k dV =
E 7
ZZZ
2k
Mxy = z k dV =
E 7
ZZZ
Mxz = y k dV = 0
E
▲♦❣♦✱ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ 4✿
Myz 4k 5 5 Mxz Mxy 2k 5 5
x= = . = y= =0 z= = . =
M 7 4k 7 M M 7 4k 14
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ♦ ❝❡♥"/♦ ❞❡ ♠❛$$❛ 4 ✳
5 5


7 , 0, 14
✳
✷✳✺ ❈♦♦%❞❡♥❛❞❛* ❝✐❧.♥❞%✐❝❛* ❡ ❡*❢0%✐❝❛*✳ ■♥2❡❣%❛❧ 2%✐♣❧❛ ♥❡*2❛* ❝♦♦%❞❡♥❛❞❛*
✷✳✺✳✶ ❈♦♦&❞❡♥❛❞❛+ ❝✐❧/♥❞&✐❝❛+
◆♦ $✐$"❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$✱ ✉♠ ♣♦♥"♦ P ♥♦ ❡$♣❛?♦ "/✐❞✐♠❡♥$✐♦♥❛❧ 4 /❡♣/❡$❡♥"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧❛
"/✐♣❧❛ ♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛ (r, θ, z)✱ ♦♥❞❡ r, θ $@♦ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ ❞❛ ♣/♦❥❡?@♦ ❞❡ P ♥♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy ❡ z 4 ❛
❞✐$"B♥❝✐❛ ♦/✐❡♥"❛❞❛ ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy ❛ P ✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✶✿
.❛/❛ ❝♦♥✈❡/"❡/♠♦$ ❞❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$ ♣❛/❛ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$✱ ✉$❛♠♦$ ❛$ ❡G✉❛?H❡$
x = r cos θ y = r sen θ z=z

❊♥G✉❛♥"♦ G✉❡ ♣❛/❛ ❝♦♥✈❡/"❡/ ❞❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ ♣❛/❛ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$✱ ✉$❛♠♦$

y
r 2 = x2 + y 2 tgθ = z=z
x
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✶✳
▼❛/G✉❡ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ❝♦♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$ ❡ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❡ $✉❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉✲


✭❛✮ 2, 2π
3 , 1,
❧❛/❡$✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

✼✹
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❱❛♠♦$ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❛/ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ❝♦//❡$♣♦♥❞❡♥"❡ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$✿
  
1 2π
x = r cos θ = 2. cos =2 − = −1
2 3
  !√ "
2π 3 √
y = r sen θ = 2. sen =2 = 3
3 2
z=1
√
▲♦❣♦✱ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ 4 ❡ $✉❛ /❡♣/❡$❡♥"❛?@♦ ❣/+✜❝❛ 4✿


−1, 3, 1

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✷✿
✭❜✮ ❊♥❝♦♥"/❡ ❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧E♥❞/✐❝❛$ ❞♦ ♣♦♥"♦ (3, −3, −7)✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

√ √
r2 = x2 + y 2 =⇒ r2 = 32 + (−3)2 = 18 =⇒ r = 18 = 3 2
y −3 7π
tgθ = =⇒ tgθ = = −1 =⇒ θ = + 2nπ ; n ∈ N
x 3 4
z = −7
√
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥"♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧E♥❞/✐❝❛$ 4 3 2, 7π4 , −7 ✳

✷✳✺✳✷ ❈'❧❝✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✐♥0❡❣2❛✐4 02✐♣❧❛4 ❝♦♠ ❝♦♦2❞❡♥❛❞❛4 ❝✐❧7♥❞2✐❝❛4

❙✉♣♦♥❤❛ I✉❡ B $❡❥❛ ✉♠❛ /❡❣✐@♦✱ ❝✉❥❛ ♣/♦❥❡?@♦ D ♥♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ xy "❡♥❤❛ ✉♠❛ /❡♣/❡$❡♥"❛?@♦ ❝♦♥✈❡♥✐❡♥"❡
❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$✳
❙✉♣♦♥❤❛ I✉❡ f $❡❥❛ ❝♦♥"E♥✉❛ ❡
B = {(x, y, z)| (x, y) ∈ D, u1 (x, y) ≤ z ≤ u2 (x, y}

♦♥❞❡ D 4 ❞❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ ♣♦/

D = {(r, θ)|α ≤ θ ≤ β, h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ))

❆$$✐♠✱ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧E♥❞/✐❝❛$ 4 ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/

ZZZ Z β Z h2 (θ) Z u2 (x,y)
f (x, y, z) dV = f (r cos θ, r sen θ, z) r dz dr dθ
B α h1 (θ) u1 (x,y)

✼✺
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✷✳
❯♠ $:❧✐❞♦ B ❡$"+ ❝♦♥"✐❞♦ ♥♦ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ x2 + y2 = 1✱ ❛❜❛✐①♦ ❞♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ z = 4 ❡ ❛❝✐♠❛ ❞♦ ♣❛/❛❜♦❧:✐❞❡
z = 1−x2 −y 2 ✳ ❆ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ ❡♠ ?✉❛❧?✉❡/ ♣♦♥"♦ 4 ♣/♦♣♦/❝✐♦♥❛❧ @ ❞✐$"A♥❝✐❛ ❞♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ❛♦ ❡✐①♦ ❞♦ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦✳
❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ❛ ♠❛$$❛ ❞❡ B ✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✸✿
❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧I♥❞/✐❝❛$ "❡♠♦$
z = 1 − x2 − y 2 =⇒ z = 1 − r2

x2 + y 2 = 1 =⇒ r = 1
❡ ❛ /❡❣✐J♦ B $❡/+

B (r, θ, z)|0 ≤ r ≤ 1 ; 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π ; 1 − r2 ≤ z ≤ 4
❈♦♠♦ ❛ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ ❡♠ (x, y, z) 4 ♣/♦♣♦/❝✐♦♥❛❧ @ ❞✐$"A♥❝✐❛ ❞♦ ❡✐①♦ z✱ ❛ ❢✉♥KJ♦ ❞❡♥$✐❞❛❞❡ 4
p
f (x, y, z) = k. x2 + y 2 = kr

♦♥❞❡ k 4 ❛ ❝♦♥$"❛♥"❡ ❞❡ ♣/♦♣♦/❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡✳

❆$$✐♠✱
ZZZ p
M= k x2 + y 2 dV
B
❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧I♥❞/✐❝❛$ "❡♠♦$✱
Z 2π Z 1Z 4 Z 2π Z 1Z 4
M= (k.r)r dz dr dθ = kr2 dz dr dθ
0 0 1−r2 0 0 1−r 2
Z 2π Z 1 Z 2π Z 1
4

M= kr2 z 1−r2 dr dθ = 4kr2 − kr2 + kr4 dr dθ
0 0 0 0
Z 2π  1 Z 2π  
r3 r5  k
M= 3k + k dθ = k+ dθ
0 3 5 0 0 5

✼✻
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
  2π  
k  k 2πk 12πk
M= k+ θ = k +
 .2π = 2πk + =
5 0 5 5 5

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✸✳
R 2 R √4−x2 R 2
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ I = −2 −√4−x2 √x2 +y2 (x2 + y2 ) dz dy dx✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❆ /❡❣✐9♦ ❞❡ ✐♥"❡❣/❛:9♦ B 4
p p p
−2 ≤ x ≤ 2 ; − 4 − x2 ≤ y ≤ 4 − x2 ; x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 2

❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$ "❡♠♦$

0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π ; 0≤r≤2 ; r≤z≤2

❆$$✐♠✱
Z 2π Z 2Z 2 Z 2π Z 2
I= 2
r r dz dr dθ = r3 z|2r dr dθ
0 0 r 0 0
Z 2π Z 2 Z 2π  2
3 4 r4 r5 
I= (2r − r ) dr dθ = 2 − dθ
0 0 0 4 5 0
2π   
8 2π
Z
32 16π
I= 8− dθ = θ =
0 5 5 0 5

❆❚■❱■❉❆❉❊ ✷✳✺✳✶✳
✶✮ ▼❛/A✉❡ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ❝✉❥❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$ $9♦ ❞❛❞❛$✳ ❆ $❡❣✉✐/✱ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❡ ❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$
/❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ ❞♦ ♣♦♥"♦✳
√
d)✭✶✱ ✶✱ ✶✮




a) 4, π3 , −2 b) 2, − π2 , 1 c) 2, 3π
4 ,2

✷✮ ▼✉❞❡ ❞❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ ♣❛/❛ ❝✐❧=♥❞/✐❝❛$✿

√
√
a)✭✲✶✱ ✶✱ ✶✮


b) −2, 2 3, 3 c) 2 3, 2, −1 (4, −3, 2)

✸✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ B (x2 + y2 ) dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ❛ /❡❣✐9♦ A✉❡ ❡$"+ ❞❡♥"/♦ ❞♦ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦ x2 + y2 = 16 ❡ ❡♥"/❡

RRR p

♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ z = 5 ❡ z = 4✳

✹✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ z dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❛/❛❜♦❧♦✐❞❡ z = x2 + y2 ❡ ♣❡❧♦ ♣❧❛♥♦ z = 4✳

RR
B

✺✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ B x dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ♣❡❧♦$ ♣❧❛♥♦$ z ❡z ❡ ♣❡❧♦$ ❝✐❧✐♥❞/♦$

RRR
= 0 = x+y+5
x2 + y 2 = 4 ❡ x2 + y 2 = 9✳

✼✼
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
✷✳✺✳✸ ❈♦♦&❞❡♥❛❞❛+ ❡+❢-&✐❝❛+
❆$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ (ρ, θ, φ) ❞❡ ✉♠ ♣♦♥"♦ P ♥♦ ❡$♣❛:♦✱ ❝♦♥❢♦/♠❡ ♠♦$"/❛❞♦ ♥❛ ✜❣✉/❛ ❛❜❛✐①♦✳

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✹✿

• ρ→ ❞✐$"D♥❝✐❛ ❞❛ ♦/✐❣❡♠ E P ✳
• θ → ♠❡$♠♦ D♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧F♥❞/✐❝❛$✳

• φ → ❛♥❣✉❧♦ ❡♥"/❡ ❡✐①♦ z ♣♦$✐"✐✈♦ ❡ ♦ $❡❣♠❡♥"♦ ❞❡ /❡"❛ OP ✳

❖❜$❡/✈❡ I✉❡✿ ρ ≥ 0 ❡ 0 ≤ φ ≤ π✳
❆ /❡❧❛:J♦ ❡♥"/❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ ❡ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ $J♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✺✿
❉❡ ∆OP Q "❡♠♦$✿ cos φ = ρz =⇒ z = ρ. cos φ
❉❡ ∆OP P ′ ❡♠♦$✿ sen φ = ρr =⇒ r = ρ. sen φ
▼❛$✱ ❝♦♠♦ x = r cos θ ❡ y = r sen θ✱ ❡♠♦$

x = ρ. sen φ. cos θ ; y = ρ. sen φ. sen θ ; z = ρ. cos φ

❆❧,♠ ❞✐$$♦✱ ❛ ❢01♠✉❧❛ ❞❛ ❞✐$ 3♥❝✐❛ ♥♦$ ❞✐③ 6✉❡

ρ2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2

❯♠❛ ♦✉ 1❛ 1❡❧❛89♦ ,✿
x x
x = r. cos θ =⇒ cos θ = =
r ρ. sen φ

✼✽
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✹✳
❖ ♣♦♥"♦ 2, π4 , π3 4 ❞❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$✳ ▼❛/;✉❡ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ ❡ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❡ $✉❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$
$

/❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✻✿
√ √ √
π π 3 2 6
x = ρ sen φ cos θ = 2 sen cos = 2. . =
3 4 2 2 2
√ ! √ ! √
π π 3 2 6
y = ρ sen φ cos θ = 2 sen cos = 2 . . =
3 4 2 2 2
 
π 1
z = ρ cos φ = 2 cos = 2 . =1
3 2
√ √ 
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ 2, π4 , π3 ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ 4 26 , 26 , 1
$

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✺✳
$ √
❖ ♣♦♥"♦ 0, 2 3, −2 ❡$"+ ❞❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$✳ ❊♥❝♦♥"/❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ ♣❛/❛

❡$"❡ ♣♦♥"♦✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❚❡♠♦$ ;✉❡✿ √
ρ2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 =⇒ ρ2 = 02 + (2 3)2 + (−2)2 = 16
▲♦❣♦✱ ρ = 4✳
z −2 1 2π
cos φ = = =− =⇒ φ=
ρ 4 2 3
x π
cos θ = =0 =⇒ θ=
ρ. sen φ 2

√
▲♦❣♦✱ ❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ ♣❛/❛ ♦ ♣♦♥"♦ 4
$
$

0, 2 3, −2 4, π2 , 2π
3

✼✾
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
✷✳✺✳✹ ❈%❧❝✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✐♥.❡❣0❛✐2 .0✐♣❧❛ ❡♠ ❝♦♦0❞❡♥❛❞❛2 ❡2❢60✐❝❛2
ZZZ Z dZ β Z b
f (x, y, z) dV = f (ρ sen φ cos θ, ρ sen φ sen θ, ρ cos φ)ρ2 sen φ dρ dθ dφ
B c α a
♦♥❞❡ B 4 ✉♠❛ ❝✉♥❤❛ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛ ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦/
B {(ρ, θ, φ)|a ≤ ρ ≤ b , α ≤ θ ≤ β , c ≤ φ ≤ d}

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✻✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ I = dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ❛ ❜♦❧❛ ✉♥✐"+/✐❛ B = {(x, y, z)|x2 + y2 + z2 ≤ 1}✳
RRR 3
2 +y 2 +z 2 ) 2
B e(x
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ "❡♠♦$✿

Z 1 Z √
1−x2 Z √1−x2 −y2 3
2 +y 2 +z 2 ) 2
√ √ e(x dz dy dx
−1 − 1−x2 − 1−x2 −y 2

◗✉❡ 4 ❡①"/❡♠❛♠❡♥"❡ ❝♦♠♣❧✐❝❛❞♦ /❡$♦❧✈❡/✳ ❯"✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ "❡♠♦$✿

0≤ρ≤1 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π 0≤φ≤π ρ2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
❆$$✐♠✱
Z 1 Z √
1−x2 Z √1−x2 −y2 3
2 +y 2 +z 2 ) 2
√ √ e(x dz dy dx =
−1 − 1−x2 − 1−x2 −y 2
Z π Z 2π Z 1 3
2) 2
e(ρ ρ2 sen φ dρ dθ dφ =
0 0 0
Z πZ 2π Z 1
ρ2 eρ sen φ dρ dθ dφ = ✯✯✯
3

0 0 0
✯✯✯ u =3 −→ du = 3 ρ2 dρ

1 
(e − 1) 2π
Z π Z 2π 3 Z π Z 2π Z π
eρ 
 (e − 1)
sen φ  dθ dφ = sen φ dθ dφ = sen φ θ dφ =
0 0 3  0 0 3 0 3 0
0

Z π
π
(e − 1) (e − 1)  2π.(e − 1) 2π.(e − 1) 4π
2π sen φ dφ = 2π [− cos φ] = + = (e − 1)
0 3 3 0 3 3 3

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✼✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛/ T z dx dy dz✱ p ♦♥❞❡ T 4 ❛ /❡❣✐E♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞❛ $✉♣❡/✐♦/♠❡♥"❡ ♣❡❧❛ ❡$❢❡/❛ x2 + y2 + z2 = 16
RRR

❡ ✐♥❢❡/✐♦/♠❡♥"❡ ♣❡❧♦ ❝♦♥❡ z = x2 + y2 ✳

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❆ /❡❣✐E♦ T 4 ❞❛❞❛ ❝♦♥❢♦/♠❡ ❛ ✜❣✉/❛✳

❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ "❡♠♦$
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 =⇒ ρ2 = 16 =⇒ ρ = 4

p
z= x2 + y 2 =⇒ z 2 = x2 + y 2

✽✵
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✼✿ ❘❡❣✐=♦ T

(ρ cos φ)2 = (ρ sen φ cos θ)2 + (ρ sen φ sen θ)2

ρ2 cos2 φ = ρ2 sen2 φ cos2 θ + ρ2 sen2 φ sen2 θ
 

ρ2 cos2 φ = ρ2 sen2 φ cos2 θ + sen2 θ

|{z} |{z} | {z }
1
π
cos2 φ = sen2 φ =⇒ 0 ≤ φ ≤
2
π
φ=
4
❆$$✐♠ "❡♠♦$✿ π
0≤ρ≤4 ; 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π ; 0≤φ≤
4
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z 2π Z π Z 4
4 Z 2π Z π
4
2 ρ4  4
I= ρ cos φ ρ sen φ dρ dφ dθ = sen φ cos φ φ dθ =
0 0 0 0 0 4 0
Z 2π Z π Z 2π π
4 sen2 φ  4
I= sen φ cos φ 64 φ dθ = 64 dθ
0 0 0 2 0

Z 2π Z 2π   Z 2π
64  2 π  2
I= sen 2
− sen 0 dθ = 32. − 0 dθ = 16 dθ = 16θ|2π
0 = 32π
0 2 4 0 4 0

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✽✳
▼♦$"/❛/ @✉❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❡$❢❡/❛ ❞❡ /❛✐♦ a 4 43 πa3 ✉✳ ✈✳✱ ✉$❛♥❞♦ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ "/✐♣❧❛✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❯"✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$ "❡♠♦$✿ 0 ≤ ρ ≤ a 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π 0 ≤ φ ≤ π✳

❆$$✐♠✱ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❛ ❡$❢❡/❛ 4✿
Z 2π Z π Z a Z 2π Z π
ρ3
V = ρ2 sen φ dρ dφ dθ = sen φ dρ dφ dθ =
0 0 0 0 0 3
Z 2π Z π Z 2π Z 2π 3
a3 a3 π a
V = sen φ dφ dθ = (− cos φ)|0 dθ = (1 + 1) dθ
0 0 3 0 3 0 3

a3 2π 4
V = 2. . θ|0 = πa3
3 3

✽✶
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✾✳
❊♥❝♦♥"/❛/ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $;❧✐❞♦ ❧✐♠✐"❛❞♦ ❛❝✐♠❛ ♣❡❧❛ ❡$❢❡/❛ x2 + y2 + z2 = 16 ❡ ❛❜❛✐①♦ ♣❡❧♦ ❝♦♥❡
3z = x2 + y 2 ✳
2

❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✽✿
.❛/❛ ❞❡"❡/♠✐♥❛/ r ❞❡✈❡♠♦$ ✈❡/ ♦♥❞❡ ❛$ $✉♣❡/❢D❝✐❡$ $❡ ❡♥❝♦♥"/❛♠✳ ❆$$✐♠✿
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16

z 2 − 16 = −x2 − y 2

3z 2 − x2 − y 2 = 0
3z 2 + z 2 − 16 = 0
4z 2 = 16
z = ±2

♦✉ $❡❥❛✱ z = 2✳
❆$$✐♠✱ ❝♦♠♦ x√2 + y2 + z2 = 16✱ ❡♥"G♦ x2 + y2 + 4 = 16✳ ▲♦❣♦✱ x2 + y2 = 12
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱ r = 12✳
✶❛ ❘❡-♦❧✉/0♦✿ ❈♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❝✐❧D♥❞/✐❝❛$
❖$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$ ❞❡ ✐♥"❡❣/❛JG♦ $G♦✿
r
√ x2 + y 2 p
0≤r≤ 12 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π ≤ z 16 − x2 − y 2
3
▲♦❣♦✱ r p
√ ≤ ≤ 16 − r2
3
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z Z √ √ √ p 
2π 12 Z 16−r 2 Z 2π Z 12
dr dθ✯✯✯
r
V = r dz dr dθ = r 16 − r2 −√
0 0 r
√
3
0 0 3
3

✯✯✯ u = 16 − r2 −→ du = −2r dr −u 2 . 23
R 1
−u 2 . du
2 = 2

✽✷
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

Z  √12 Z 2π " √ √ 3 #
2π
2 1 r 3
3  1 ( 12) √ 1
V = −(16 − r2 ) . . − √ 
2 dθ = − 43 . − √ + 163 . dθ
0 3 2 3 3 0 0 3 3 3 3
Z 2π   
32 2π
Z 2π
8 64 32 64
V = − −8+ dθ = dθ = θ = π
0 3 3 0 3 3 0 3

✷❛ ❘❡#♦❧✉'(♦✿ ❈♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$

❖$ ❧✐♠✐"❡$ ❞❡ ✐♥"❡❣/❛;<♦ $<♦✿
ρ2 = 16 −→ ρ = 4 =⇒ 0≤ρ≤4
r
z x2 + y 2 1 r sen φ sen φ √ π
cos φ = = . = √ = √ = √ =⇒ 3. cos φ = sen φ =⇒ φ =
ρ 3 ρ ρ 3 ρ 3 3 3
❊♥"<♦✱ π
0≤φ≤ e 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
3
❆$$✐♠✱
Z 2π Z π Z 4 Z 2π Z π 4
3
2
3 ρ3 
V = ρ sen φ dρ dφ dθ = sen φ dφ dθ
0 0 0 0 0 3 0
  
32 2π
Z 2π Z π Z 2π Z 2π
3 64 64 π 64 1 64
V = sen φ . dφ dθ = (− cos φ)|03 dθ = . − + 1 dθ = θ = π
0 0 3 0 3 0 3 2 3 0 3

❆❚■❱■❉❆❉❊ ✷✳✺✳✷✳
✶✮ ❊♥❝♦♥"/❡ ❛$ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ ❞♦$ $❡❣✉✐♥"❡$ ♣♦♥"♦$ ❞❛❞♦$ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$✿
$
$
$
$

a) 6, π3 , π6 b) 3, π2 , 3π
4 c) 2, π2 , π2 d) 4, −π π
4 , 3

✷✮ ▼✉❞❡ ❞❡ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ /❡"❛♥❣✉❧❛/❡$ ♣❛/❛ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$✿

$ √ $ √ $√ √
a) (0, −2, 0) b) −1, 1, − 2) c) 1, 0, 3) d) 3, −1, 2 3)

✸✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ + y 2 + z 2 ) dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ B 4 ❛ ❜♦❧❛ ❝♦♠ ❝❡♥"/♦ ♥❛ ♦/✐❣❡♠ ❡ /❛✐♦ 5✳

RRR 2
B (x

✹✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ dV ✱ ♦♥❞❡ E ❡$"+ ❡♥"/❡ ❛$ ❡$❢❡/❛$ x2 + y2 + z2 = 4 ❡ x2 + y2 + z2 = 9✳

RRR 2y2)
E (x

✺✮ ❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $I❧✐❞♦ J✉❡ ❡$"+ ❛❝✐♠❛ ❞♦ ❝♦♥❡ φ = π3 ❡ ❛❜❛✐①♦ ❞❛ ❡$❢❡/❛ ρ = 4 cos φ✳

✻✮ ❉❡"❡/♠✐♥❡ ♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞♦ $I❧✐❞♦ J✉❡ ❡$"+ ❛❝✐♠❛ ❞♦ ❝♦♥❡ ❡ ❛❜❛✐①♦ ❞❛ ❡$❢❡/❛

p
E z = x2 + y 2
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1✳

✼✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ I ✱ "/❛♥$❢♦/♠❛♥❞♦✲❛ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$✿

Z 1Z
√
1−x2 Z √2−x2 −y2
I= √ x y dz dy dx
0 0 x2 +y 2

●❛❜❛#✐%♦✿
√
3 3 3
√   √ √  $
$

1)a) 2 , 2 , 3 3 1)b) 0, 3 2 2 , 3 2 2 2)a) 2, 3π π
2 , 2 2)b) 2, 3π 3π
4 , 4
√ √
3) 312500
7 π 4) 1688
15 π 5)10π 6) π
3 (2 − 2) 7) 4 2−5
15

✽✸
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
✷✳✺✳✺ ▼✉❞❛♥(❛ ❞❡ ✈❛+✐-✈❡❧ ❡♠ ✐♥0❡❣+❛✐2 ❞✉♣❧❛2 ❡ 0+✐♣❧❛2✳ ❏❛❝♦❜✐❛♥♦
❊♠ ❢✉♥:;❡$ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ✈❛/✐+✈❡❧ "❡♠♦$ =✉❡ F (g(x)) 4 ✉♠❛ ♣/✐♠✐"✐✈❛ ❞❡ f (g(x)).g′ (x)✱ $❡♠♣/❡ =✉❡ F
❢♦/ ♣/✐♠✐"✐✈❛ ❞❡ f ✿
d
F (g(x)) = F ′ (g(x)).g ′ (x)
dx
d
F (g(x)) = f (g(x)).g ′ (x)
dx
❙❡ ✜③❡/♠♦$ ❛ $✉❜$"✐"✉✐:E♦ u = g(x) "❡♠♦$✱
Z Z
′ d
f (g(x)).g (x) dx = F (g(x))
dx
Z Z
f (g(x)).g (x) dx = F ′ (u) du
′

Z Z
′
f (g(x)).g (x) dx = f (u) du

.❛/❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛✐$ ❞✉♣❧❛ ♣♦❞❡♠♦$ ✉"✐❧✐③❛/ ✉♠ ♣/♦❝❡❞✐♠❡♥"♦ ❛♥+❧♦❣♦ ♣♦/ ♠❡✐♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ♠✉❞❛♥:❛ ❞❡
✈❛/✐+✈❡❧
x = x(u, v) y = y(u, v)
❈♦♥$✐❞❡/❛♥❞♦ =✉❡ ❛$ ❢✉♥:;❡$ x ❡ y $E♦ ❝♦♥"G♥✉❛$✱ ❝♦♠ ❞❡/✐✈❛❞❛$ ♣❛/❝✐❛✐$ ❝♦♥"G♥✉❛$✱ ❡♥"E♦ "❡♠♦$✿
ZZ ZZ  
 ∂(x, y) 
f (x, y) dx dy = f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) . 
  du dv
R ∂(u, v) 
♦♥❞❡ ∂(u,v)
∂(x,y)
4 ❝❤❛♠❛❞♦ ❏❆❈❖❇■❆◆❖ ❞❡ x ❡ y ❡♠ /❡❧❛:E♦ ❛ u ❡ v✳
   ∂x ∂x

 ∂(x, y)   
∂u ∂v
 ∂(u, v)  = 
   ∂y ∂y


∂u ∂v
❊♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ♣♦❧❛/❡$ "❡♠♦$ =✉❡ x = r cos θ ❡ y = r sen θ✳ ▲♦❣♦✱ ♦ ❏❛❝♦❜✐❛♥♦ 4 ❞❛❞♦ ♣♦/
 ∂x ∂x   
∂u ∂v cos θ r.(− sen θ)
Jacobiano = ∂y ∂y =
∂u ∂v
sen θ r. cos θ
❡ ♦ ❞❡"❡/♠✐♥❛♥"❡ ❞❛ ♠❛"/✐③ ❥❛❝♦❜✐❛♥❛ 4✿
 
 cos θ r.(− sen θ) 
|Jacobiano| =   = r cos2 θ + r sen2 θ = r > 0
sen θ r. cos θ 

.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
ZZ ZZ ′
f (x, y) dx dy = f (r cos θ, r sen θ). |{z}
r dr dθ
R R

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✶✵✳
❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❛ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ dA✱ ♦♥❞❡ R 4 ❛ /❡❣✐E♦ "/❛♣❡③♦✐❞❛❧ ✭✶✱✵✮ ✭✷✱✵✮✱ ✭✵✱ ✲✷✮ ❡ ✭✵✱ ✲✶✮✳
RR (x+y/x−y)
Re
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

❈♦♠♦ ♥E♦ 4 ❢+❝✐❧ ✐♥"❡❣/❛❧ e(x+y/x−y) ✱ ✈❛♠♦$ ❢❛③❡/ ❛ ♠✉❞❛♥:❛ ❞❡ ✈❛/✐+✈❡❧✿

◗✉❡/❡♠♦$ ✉"✐❧✐③❛/ ❛ $✉❜$"✐"✉✐:E♦
u=x+y e v =x−y

▲♦❣♦✱
x=u−y

✽✹
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✺✾✿
v =x−y
v =u−y−y
u−v u+v
y= e x=
2 2
❆$$✐♠ "❡♠♦$✱

❋✐❣✉/❛ ✻✵✿
❆$$✐♠✱ 1 ≤ v ≤ 2 ❡ −v ≤ u ≤ v✳ ❖ ❞❡"❡/♠✐♥❛♥"❡ ❞♦ ❏❛❝♦❜✐❛♥♦ 4✿
 1 1

 = −1 − 1 = −1
 
|Jacobiano| =  2 2
1
2 − 21  4 4 2
.♦/"❛♥"♦✱
Z 2Z v
  Z 2

u  1 1 u
I= e v . −  du dv = v e v  v dv =
1 −v 2 1 2 −v
Z 2

2 2
1 1 −1 1 −1 v  1 3
I= v(e − e ) dv = (e − e ) = (e − e−1 ) − (e − e−1 ) = (e − e−1 )
1 2 2 2 1 4 4

❊♠ ✐♥"❡❣/❛✐$ "/✐♣❧❛$ "❡♠♦$✿

❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✷✳✺✳✶✶✳
❊♥❝♦♥"/❡ ❛ ❢F/♠✉❧❛ ♣❛/❛ ✐♥-❡❣/❛12♦ -/✐♣❧❛ ❡♠ ❝♦♦/❞❡♥❛❞❛$ ❡$❢4/✐❝❛$✳
❘❡"♦❧✉&'♦✿

x = ρ sen φ cos θ y = ρ sen φ sen z = ρ cos φ

▲♦❣♦✱ ♦ ❞❡"❡/♠✐♥❛♥"❡ ❞♦ ❏❛❝♦❜✐❛❞♦ 4✿
 
 sen φ cos θ ρ cos θ cos φ ρ sen φ (− sen θ) 
 
|Jacobiano| =  sen φ sen θ ρ sen θ cos φ ρ sen φ (cos θ) =

 cos φ ρ (− sen φ) 0 

✽✺
 ◆♦"❛$ ❞❡ ❛✉❧❛ ✲ ❈+❧❝✉❧♦ ✷
./♦❢✳ ❆♥❞/4 ❘✳ ▼♦♥"✐❝❡❧✐
= ρ2 cos2 θ cos2 φ sen φ + ρ2 sen3 φ sen2 +ρ2 sen φ sen2 cos2 φ + ρ2 sen3 φ cos2 θ =
= ρ2 sen φ cos2 φ (cos2 θ + sen2 θ) + ρ2 sen3 φ (sen2 θ + cos2 θ) =
| {z } | {z }
1 1
2 2 2 2
ρ sen φ (cos φ + sen φ) = ρ sen φ
| {z }
1

✽✻