Você está na página 1de 22

Aula

SISTEMA ESQUELÉTICO
3
JOSÉ ADERVAL ARAGÃO

META
Passar os conhecimentos teóricos acerca do Sistema Esquelético e suas funções; tipo de ossos;
"$"!#!1"#"#4""$!7""$"""""#"""""$!!*
viscerocrânio.

OBJETIVOS
7"#$$%!(
descrever a divisão do sistema
esquelético;
analisar as funções principais do sistema
esquelético;
""7!""""!
forma, dando exemplo de cada tipo;
#7!"#1$"!*
analisar suas funções;
#7!""""!*
descrever suas características estruturais.

PRÉ-REQUISITOS
Ter estudado e assimilado o conteúdo
da aula “Introdução à Anatomia: planos
de referência e termos anatômicos
descritivos”.

"AJHIG6kjD 9D A>KGD  : !JB6C> DHEDG>H 67G>86 9: C9G:6H


/:H6A>JH9:GJM:A6HDCI:=IIE LLL JC>86BE 7G
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

 =;

(H>HI:B6:HFJ:AlI>8DlD8DC?JCID9:DHHDH:86GI>A6<:CHFJ:H:>CI:G
A><6BE6G6;DGB6GD6G867DJkD9D8DGED=JB6CD:9:H:BE:C=6GKhG>6H
;JCkr:H H;JCkr:H9DH>HI:B6:HFJ:AlI>8DHjD
,:GK>G9:HJEDGI:E6G66HE6GI:HBDA:H9D8DGED
 )GDI:kjD9::HIGJIJG6HDJpG<jDHK>I6>HH>HI:B6C:GKDHD8:CIG6AEJABjD
8DG6kjD
 ,:GK>G9:76H:B:8iC>86E6G6BDK>B:CIDH
 GB6O:C6GB>C:G6>H:nDCH8hA8>D;pH;DGDB6<ClH>D
 )GD9JO>G8lAJA6HH6C<tnC:6H=:B6IDED:H:
(HDHHDHHjDE:k6H9JG6H:86A8>z8696HFJ:EDHHJ:BDG><:B:HIGJIJG6
:;JCkjDH:B:A=6CI:H 'D6HE:8IDB68GDH8pE>8DDHDHHDH6EG:H:CI6B9J6H
HJ7HIiC8>6HJB68DBE68I69:CH6:HpA>96DJIG6:HEDC?DH6G:In8JADIG6
7:8JA6G8J?DH:HE6kDHHjDEG::C8=>9DHEDGB:9JA6pHH:6:BFJ6CI>969:
9>;:G:CI:CJBB:HBDDHHD (DHHD8DBE68IDI:BEG:9DB>CiC8>6C69>hzH:
9DHDHHDHADC<DH:CKDAK:JB686K>969:B:9JA6G8:CIG6A:8DCIlBB:9JA6
pHH:6:CFJ6CIDDDHHD:HEDC?DHDEG:9DB>C6C6H:EnzH:H9DHDHHDHADC<DH
:8JGIDHH:C9DG:K:HI>9DEDGzC686B6969:DHHD8DBE68ID

DCI:=IIE LLL B>9>H:<C> >I

32
Sistema esquelético
Aula

   

(EGD8:HHDE:ADFJ6ADDHHDH:;DGB6l9:CDB>C69DDHH>z86kjD (:H
3
FJ:A:ID9D:B7G>jD=JB6CDl8DB EDHID9:I:8>9D8DC?JCI>KDz7GDHDDJ86G
I>A6<:B=>6A>C6 HI6DHH>z86kjDI:B>Cn8>D:BIDGCD96H:MI6DJHlI>B6H:B6C6
9:K>96:B7G>DChG>6:8DCI>CJ66DADC<D96K>9669JAI6 D>HBlID9DH:HIjD
EG:H:CI:HC6;DGB6kjDpHH:6DHH>z86kjD>CIG6B:B7G6CDH6FJ:H:G:;:G:f
;DGB6kjD9DDHHD9>G:I6B:CI:DJ9:CIGD96HB:B7G6C6H9:I:8>9D8DC?JCI>KD
z7GDHD:6DHH>z86kjD:C9D8DC9G6AFJ:H:G:;:G:f;DGB6kjD9:DHHD9:CIGD9:
JBBDA9:9:86GI>A6<:BH:C9D6B6>DG>69DHDHHDH;DGB69DHC:HH:EGD8:HHD
(HDHHDHHjD8A6HH>z869DH9:68DG9DHJ6;DGB6<:DBlIG>86:BADC<DH
8JGIDHEA6CDH
(HDHHDHADC<DHHjD6FJ:A:H8J?D8DBEG>B:CIDEG:9DB>C6HD7G:6
A6G<JG6::HE:HHJG6:;JC8>DC6B8DBD6A6K6C86H M;mBJGsB:GD
(HHD6ADC<69DFJ6C9D6EG:H:CI66H86G68I:GnHI>86H9:JBDHHDADC<D
B6HCjDEDHHJ>86K>969:B:9JA6G M8DHI:A6H
(HDHHDH8JGIDHHjD6FJ:A:H:BFJ:D8DBEG>B:CIDA6G<JG6::HE:H
HJG6 HjD :FJ>K6A:CI:H 8DHIJB6B CDGB6AB:CI: H:G 8J7p>9:H ImB KhG>6H
;68:H6GI>8JA6G:H:HjD:C8DCIG69DH8DCzC69DHCDH:HE6kDHDC9:D8DGG:
IG6CH;:GmC8>69:;DGk6 M8J7p>9:IG6ElO>D
(HDHHDHEA6CDHHjD6FJ:A:H8J?D8DBEG>B:CID:A6G<JG6EG:9DB>C6
HD7G: 6 :HE:HHJG6 H:GK:B E6G6 >CH:GkjD BJH8JA6G DJ E6G6 EGDI:kjD 9:
pG<jDH ME6G>:I6A;GDCI6A
(JIGDHCjD8A6HH>z869DH9:68DG9D8DB6;DGB6<:DBlIG>86
(HDHHDH>GG:<JA6G:HCjD6EG:H:CI6B;DGB6<:DBlIG>869:zC>96 M
KlGI:7G6HB6M>A6
(HHDHH:H6Bp>9:HHjDDHHDHFJ:H:9:H:CKDAK:BCDHI:C9r:HDJ:CIG:
I:C9r:H:BG:HEDHI6fHI:CHr:HFJ::HH:HHjDHJ7B:I>9DHC66GI>8JA6kjD
ME6I:A6
(HHDHHJIJG6>HHjDDHHDH:MIG6HFJ:H:>CI:GEr:B:CIG:6HA>C=6H9:
HJIJG69DHDHHDH9D8GiC>D
(HHDHEC:JBhI>8DHHjDDHHDHD8DH69?68:CI:Hf86K>969:C6H6A:EDH
HJ:B6G M:H;:Cp>9:B6M>A6

  A   C  
 A   

HHJE:G;n8>:H9DHDHHDHEDHHJ:B86G68I:GnHI>86H:HIGJIJG6>HFJ:HjD
696EI696HE6G69>K:GH6H;JCkr:H6E6G:8:BDC9:DHI:C9r:HA><6B:CIDH
DJ;hH8>6H:HIjD>CH:G>9DHDJDC9:DHK6HDH:HIjD69?68:CI:HDJE:C:IG6B
C:A6H (JIG6H;DGB6kr:H:HIjDG:A68>DC696HfE6HH6<:B9DI:C9jDCDH:C
I>9D9:9>G:8>DC6GDJB:A=DG6G6;DGk6B:8iC>86DJE6G68DCIGDA6GDI>ED
9:BDK>B:CIDFJ:D8DGG:C66GI>8JA6kjD

33
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

(H9>K:GHDHI>EDH9:68>9:CI:HpHH:DHHjD

      =D 

qC9>AD EGD:B>CmC8>6<G6C9::6GG:9DC9696E6G66GI>8JA6G M8qC


9>AD9DDHHDD88>E>I6A
67:k6 EGD?:kjD6JB:CI6969:JB6:MIG:B>969:6GI>8JA6G9DDHHD
6AlB9D8DAD M867:k69D;mBJG
68: HJE:G;n8>:6GI>8JA6GA>H6:EA6C6 M;68:8DHI6A9:JB6KlGI:7G6

  ; 


  =D 

)GD8:HHD EGD:B>CmC8>6pHH:668:CIJ696 MEGD8:HHD:HE>C=DHD96H


KlGI:7G6H
-J7lG8JAD E:FJ:C6EGD?:kjD6GG:9DC9696JBCp9JAD M-J7lG8JAD
9DBsH8JAD69JIDGB6<CD
-J7:GDH>969: <G6C9:EGD8:HHD6GG:9DC969D:hHE:GD MIJ7:GDH>
969:<AsI:6
-GD86CI:G EGD?:kjDpHH:6<G6C9::GDB76:C8DCIG6966E:C6HCD;mBJG
MIGD86CI:GB6>DG:B:CDG9D;mBJG
HE>C=6 EGD?:kjD6<J96:zC6H:B:A=6CI:6JB68sA:D M:HE>C=6
>HFJ>hI>86
G>HI6 B6G<:BEGD:B>C:CI: M8G>HI6>An6868G>HI6;GDCI6A
E>8qC9>AD :B>CmC8>6HJE:G>DG6D8qC9>AD M:E>8qC9>ADB:9>6A9D
;mBJG

 D    

DHH6 9:EG:HHjDDJ8DC86K>969:FJ:H:GK:CDGB6AB:CI:E6G66GI>8JA6G
M;DHH696B6C9n7JA6
pK:6 E:FJ:C69:EG:HHjDJB68DK6EA6C6:A>H6FJ:H:GK:CDGB6A
B:CI:B6>HE6G6zM6GFJ:E6G66GI>8JA6G M;pK:696867:k69D;mBJG
>HHJG6 67:GIJG6:B;:C96:HIG:>I6 MzHHJG6DG7>I6AHJE:G>DG
DG6B: 67:GIJG68>G8JA6GEDGDC9:E6HH6DHK6HDHH6C<tnC:DHC:GKDHD
JB7JG68D M;DG6B:?J<JA6G
&:6ID E6HH6<:B9:;DGB6IJ7JA6GFJ:D8DGG:9:CIGD9:JBDHHD
MB:6ID68sHI>8D>CI:GCD
,:>D 86K>969:DJ:HE6kDD8D9:CIGD9:JBDHHD MH:>D;GDCI6A
,JA8D <DI:>G6DJG6C=JG6 6ADC<696E6G6 68DBD96GC:GKDK6HDDJ
I:C9jD MHJA8D9DH:>DH6<>I6AHJE:G>DG
(:HFJ:A:ID=JB6CD69JAIDI:B6EGDM>B696B:CI: DHHDH6<GJE6
9DH:B9J6HE6GI:HEG>C8>E6>HD:HFJ:A:ID6M>6A:D:HFJ:A:ID6E:C9>8JA6G

34
Sistema esquelético
Aula

(:HFJ:A:ID6M>6Al;DGB69DE:ADHDHHDH96867:k6E:H8DkD:IGDC8D
67:k6
GiC>DDHHDH
3
68: DHHDH
J9>kjDDHHDH
):H8DkD
!>p>9: DHHD
/lGI:7G6H8:GK>86>HDHHDH
-GDC8D
HI:GCD DHHD
DHI:A6HDHHDH
/lGI:7G6H IDGh8>86HADB76G:HH68G6>H:8D88n<:6H
CFJ6CIDD:HFJ:A:ID6E:C9>8JA6Gl8DBEDHIDE:ADHDHHDH9DHB:B
7GDHHJE:G>DG:H>C;:G>DG:H:E:ADH8nC<JADHE:>IDG6A:ElAK>8D
&:B7GDHHJE:G>DG:H
G6kDHDHHDH
CI:7G6kDHDHHDH
&jDHDHHDH
&:B7GDH>C;:G>DG:H
DM6HDHHDH
):GC6HDHHDH
)lHDHHDH
nC<JADE:>IDG6ADHHDH
nC<JADElAK>8DDHHDH
(:HFJ:A:ID96867:k6DJ8:;hA>8DG:EDJH6CDIDED968DAJC6K:GI:7G6A
:l8DBEDHID9:9J6HE6GI:HDC:JGD8GiC>D:DK>H8:GD8GiC>D (C:JGD
8GiC>D:C8:GG6:EGDI:<:D:C8l;6AD:DK>H8:GD8GiC>D8DCIlBDHpG<jDH96
B6HI><6kjDG:HE>G6kjDEGD9JkjD96;6A6:9DHH:CI>9DH
(C:JGD8GiC>Dl9>K>9>9D:B9J6HE6GI:H86AKhG>6DJ67p76968G6C>6C6
I:ID:76H:9D8GiC>D6HHD6A=D 67p76968G6C>6C68DBEDHI6EDGFJ6IGD
DHHDH;GDCI6AE6G>:I6>H:D88>E>I6A6GI>8JA69DH:CIG:H>E:A6HHJIJG6HH6<>I6A
>CI:GE6G>:I6>HH>IJ696C6A>C=6B:9>6C6:CIG:DH9D>HDHHDHE6G>:I6>H8DGDC6A
;GDCIDE6G>:I6>H9:9>G:kjDIG6CHK:GH6A:CIG:DHDHHDH;GDCI6A:E6G>:I6>H
:A6B79p>9:D88>EIDE6G>:I6>H:CIG:DHE6G>:I6>H:DD88>E>I6A (EDCID9:
JC>jD96HHJIJG6HH6<>I6A:8DGDC6Al9:CDB>C69D7G:<B6D96HHJIJG6H
A6B79p>9::H6<>I6AA6B796DFJ:C6EG>B:>G6>C;iC8>6:HH:HEDCIDHHjD
8=6B69DHG:HE:8I>K6B:CI:;DCIn8JADH6CI:G>DG:EDHI:G>DG ?JCkjD9DHDH
HDH;GDCI6AE6G>:I6A:I:BEDG6A8DB66H6B6>DG9DDHHD:H;:Cp>9:8DCHI>IJ>
JBEDCID8G6C>DBlIG>8D9:CDB>C69DEIlG>D8DGG:HEDC9:CDG:8lB C6H
8>9D6D;DCIn8JADiCI:GD A6I:G6ADJ:H;:CD>96A:CDEDCIDDC9:8DCK:G<:B
6HHJIJG6HA6B79p>9:HE6G>:IDB6HIp>9:6:D88>EIDB6HIp>9:6l9:CDB>C69D
6HIlG>D:8DGG:HEDC9:6D;DCIn8JADEpHI:GD A6I:G6ADJB6HIp>9:D

35
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

><JG6 6ADI68G6C>6C6 K>HI6HJE:G>DG%iB>C6 '--+ ! IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9


)DGIDA:<G:GIB:9 

(6HHD6A=D9686K>969:8G6C>6C68DBEDHIDEDGH:>HDHHDH;GDCI6A:I
Bp>9::H;:Cp>9:9D>HI:BEDG6>H:JBD88>E>I6Al9>K>9>9D:BIGmHE6GI:H
;DHH66CI:G>DGBl9>6:EDHI:G>DGE6G668DBD96GDHAD7DH;GDCI6AI:BEDG6A
9D8lG:7GD:D8:G:7:AD

36
Sistema esquelético
Aula

><JG6 (HHDH9676H:9D8GiC>D K>HI6HJE:G>DG%iB>C6 '--+ ! IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 )DGID


A:<G:GIB:9 

;DHH66CI:G>DG9D8GiC>Dl;DGB696E:A6HAiB>C6HDG7>I6>H9D;GDCI6A
E:A6AiB>C68G>KDH69D:IBp>9:6H6HB:CDG:H:E6GI:6CI:G>DG9D8DGED9D
:H;:Cp>9: A6:HIhA>B>I696EDHI:G>DGB:CI:E:A6B6G<:BEDHI:G>DG96H6H6H
B:CDG:H9D:H;:Cp>9::E:A6B6G<:B6CI:G>DG9DHJA8D9DFJ>6HB6pEI>8D
':HH6;DHH6:C8DCIG6BDHKhG>DH68>9:CI:HpHH:DH
G>HI6A:IBD>96A:;GDCI6AE6G6zM6kjD96;D>8:9D8lG:7GD
DG6B:H8G>7G>;DGB:E6G6E6HH6<:B9DHzA:I:H9DC:GKDDA;6IpG>D
;DHH6Bl9>69D8GiC>DI:BD;DGB6ID9:7DG7DA:I6l;DGB696E:AD
8DGED:6H6HB6>DG:H9D:H;:Cp>9:E6GI:E:IGDH6::H86BDH69DI:BEDG6A
HIhA>B>I696EDHI:G>DGB:CI:E:A6HB6G<:CHHJE:G>DG:H96EDGkjDE:IGDH69D
I:BEDG6A:9DGHD968:A6IsG8>86A6I:G6AB:CI:E:A6H:H86B6H9DHI:BEDG6>H
:6H6HB6>DG:H9D:H;:Cp>9: ':HH6;DHH6:C8DCIG6B H:

37
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

><JG6 DG6B:H9676H:9D8GiC>D K>HI6HJE:G>DG%iB>C6 '--+ ! IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 )DGID


A:<G:GIB:9 

6C6ApEI>8DE6G6E6HH6<:B9DC:GKDpEI>8D:6GIlG>6D;IhAB>86
DHH6=>EDzHhG>6DC9:6AD?66<AiC9JA6=>EpzH:
,JA8D86GpI>8DE6G66GIlG>686GpI>96>CI:GC6
>HHJG6DG7>I6AHJE:G>DGE6G6E6HH6<:B9DHC:GKDHD8JADBDIDG"""E6G
IGD8A:6G"/E6G679J8:CI:/"E6G:G6BDD;IhAB>8D9DIG><mB:D/ E6G
DG6B:G:9DC9DE6G6DG6BDB6M>A6G9DC:GKDIG><mB:D/E6G
DG6B:DK6A9hE6HH6<:B6DG6BDB6C9>7JA6G9DC:GKDIG><mB:D/E6G
DG6B::HE>C=DHDE6HH6DHK6HDHB:CnC<:DHBl9>DH
;DHH6EDHI:G>DG9D8GiC>Dl6B6>DG:B6>HEGD;JC9696HIGmH;DHH6H
^;DGB696E:AD9DGHD96H:A6IsG8>869D:H;:Cp>9::E:A6HEDGkr:HE:IGD
H6H:B6HIp>9:6H9DHI:BEDG6>H6AD?6D8:G:7:ADEDCI::B:9JA6D7ADC<6
C8DCIG6BDHC:HH6;DHH6

38
Sistema esquelético
Aula

DG6B:B6<CD6IG6KlH9DFJ6AE6HH66B:9JA6:HE>C=6AE6G6H:A><6G
6DIGDC8D:C8:;hA>8D6GIlG>6HK:GI:7G6>H:B:CnC<:6H
6C6A9D=>ED<ADHHDE6G6E6HH6<:B9DC:GKD=>ED<ADHHD1""E6G9:
3
C:GKD8G6C>6CD
DG6B:?J<JA6G9hE6HH6<:B69>K:GHDHC:GKDH8G6C>6CDH8DBDDC:GKD
K6<D1E6G<ADHHD;6GnC<:D"1E6G:DC:GKD68:HHpG>D1"E6G6AlB
96HK:>6H?J<JA6G:H>CI:GC6H
&:6ID68sHI>8D>CI:GCDE6G6DHC:GKDH;68>6A/""E6G:K:HIn7JAD8D
8A:6G/"""E6G
)GDIJ7:GiC8>6D88>E>I6A>CI:GC6lDC9:D8DGG:68DC{JmC8>69DHH:>DH
K:CDHDH9D:C8l;6AD
,JA8DIG6CHK:GHD:H><Bp>9:E6G6DHH:>DHK:CDHDHIG6CHK:GHD:H><Bp>9:
(HDHHDH9D8GiC>DFJ:EGDI:<:B::C8:GG6BD8lG:7GDHjD;GDCI6A
E6G>:I6>HI:BEDG6>HD88>E>I6A:H;:Cp>9:::IBp>9:

><JG6 (HHD;GDCI6A K>HI66CI:G>DG,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

39
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

(DHHD;GDCI6Az<JG6H : ;DGB66E6GI:iCI:GD >C;:G>DG9D8GiC>D


DI:ID9686K>969:DG7>I6A:C6H6AEDHHJ:B9J6HEDGkr:HJB6K:GI>86A6
:H86B6:DJIG6=DG>ODCI6A6AiB>C6DG7>I6A IlDHH:>H6CDH9:>969:D
DHHD;GDCI6Al9>K>9>9DCDEA6CDB:9>6CDE:A6HJIJG6B:IpE>86DJ;GDCI6A
:G6G6B:CI:E:GH>HI:CD69JAID C8DCIG6BDHDH68>9:CI:H

><JG6  (HHD;GDCI6A K>HI66CI:G>DG,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

"C8>HJG6:IBD>96ADC9:H::C86>M6D:IBp>9:CD8GiC>D6GI>8JA69D
,:>D;GDCI6AFJ:H:8DBJC>868DB6C6HD;6G>C<::6<:8DBDJIGDHH:>DH
96;68:8DBD8iB6G69:G:HHDCiC8>696KDO
DHH6A68G>B6A9:EG:HHjDA>H6:G6H6E6G66AD?6G6<AiC9JA6A68G>B6A
"C8>HJG6DJ;DG6B:HJEG6 DG7>I6AE6G6E6HH6<:B9DHK6HDH:C:GKDH
HJEG6 DG7>I6A
(HDHHDHE6G>:I6>Hz<JG6 ;DGB6BDI:ID:6HE6G:9:HA6I:G6>H9D
8GiC>DImBJB6;DGB6FJ69G>AhI:G6:EDGI6CID9J6H;68:HFJ6IGDB6G<:CH
:FJ6IGDiC<JADH C8DCIG6BDHC6;68:A6I:G6A
HA>C=6HI:BEDG6>HE6G6zM6kjD9DBsH8JADI:BEDG6AJBBsH8JAD
96B6HI><6kjD
'6;68:B:9>6A

40
Sistema esquelético
Aula

><JG6  (HHDE6G>:I6A9>G:>ID K>HI6:MI:GC6,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D


9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

><JG6  (HHDE6G>:I6A9>G:>ID K>HI6>CI:GC6,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D


9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

,JA8DHE6G6G6B>z86kr:H9DHK6HDHB:CnC<:DHBl9>DH
DKlDA6H<G6CJA6G:H9:>M696HE:A6H<G6CJA6kr:H6G68Cp>9:6H
(HDHHDHI:BEDG6>H;DGB6B6HE6G:9:HA6I:G6>H:6HHD6A=D9686K>969:
8G6C>6C6  >K>9: H: :B FJ6IGD EDGkr:H :H86BDH6 E:IGDH6 I>BEiC>86 :
B6HIp>9:6

41
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

EDGkjD:H86BDH6z<JG6 I:B6;DGB69:JB68DC8=68DB9J6H
;68:H:JB6B6G<:B6EG:H:CI6DH68>9:CI:H
)GD8:HHDO><DBhI>8DH6A>mC8>6:B;DGB69::HE>C=6FJ:H:6GI>8JA68DB
DEGD8:HHDI:BEDG6A96B6M>A6E6G6;DGB6GD6G8DO><DBhI>8D
DHH696B6C9n7JA66GI>8JA6 H:8DBD8qC9>AD96B6C9n7JA6E6G6;DGB6G
66GI>8JA6kjDI:BEDB6C9>7JA6G-&
EDGkjDE:IGDH6I:BJB6;DGB69:JB6E>GiB>9:IG>6C<JA6G9:76H:
KDAI696A6I:G6AB:CI::hE>8:B:9>6AB:CI: ^C:HH6EDGkjD9DDHHDI:BEDG6A
FJ::HIjD6AD?696H6H:HIGJIJG6H96DG:A=6Bl9>6B6GI:AD7><DGC6::HIG>7D
:>CI:GC68p8A:6:K:HIn7JAD C8DCIG6BDHDH68>9:CI:Hz<JG6 

><JG6  (HHDI:BEDG6A9>G:>ID K>HI6>CI:GC6>HHJG69: A6H:G,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6


!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

&:6ID68sHI>8D>CI:GCDDC9:E:C:IG6DHC:GKDH;68>6A:K:HIn7JAD8D8A:6G
6C6A86GpI>8DEDGDC9:E6HH666GIlG>686GpI>96>CI:GC6A:K6C9DH6C<J:
E6G6D:C8l;6AD
DHH6?J<JA6GFJ:6AD?6D7JA7D96K:>6?J<JA6G>CI:GC6
)GD8:HHD:HI>Ap>9:H6A>mC8>66ADC<696FJ:H:GK:E6G6>CH:GkjD9DHBsH
8JADH:HI>AD=>p>9::HI>AD<ADHHD:9DA><6B:CID:HI>ADB6C9>7JA6G
DG6B::HI>ADB6HIp>9:D9hE6HH6<:B6DC:GKD;68>6A:66GIlG>6:HI>
ADB6HIp>9:6
EDGkjDI>BEiC>86AiB>C6:B;DGB69:<DI:>G6FJ:8DCHI>IJ>6E6GI:
iCI:GD >C;:G>DG9DB:6ID68sHI>8D:MI:GCD
EDGkjDB6HIp>9:6z<JG6 EGD?:kjD6GG:9DC96966IGhH9DB:6ID
68sHI>8D:MI:GCDDC9::C8DCIG6BDH
(HJA8DDJ>C8>HJG6B6HIp>9:DE6G6zM6kjD9DK:CIG:EDHI:G>DG9D
BsH8JAD9><hHIG>8D
DG6B:B6HIp>9:DE6G69G:C6<:BK:CDH669>8>DC6A9686K>969:9D8GiC>D

42
Sistema esquelético
Aula

><JG6  (HHDI:BEDG6A9>G:>ID K>HI6>CI:GC6,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9


+>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

(DHHDD88>E>I6A;DGB66E6G:9:EDHI:G>DG:6B6>DGE6GI:9676H:9D
8GiC>D HIh9>K>9>9D:BFJ6IGDE6GI:H:H86B6EDGkjD76H>A6G:EDGkr:H
A6I:G6>H :H86B6H>IJ696EDHI:G>DGB:CI:6D;DG6B:B6<CD6EG:H:CI6C6
;68::MI:GC6z<JG6 
%>C=6HCJ86>HHJE:G>DGBl9>6:>C;:G>DGE6G6zM6kjD9DHBsH8JADH
D88>E>I6A:HI:GCD8A:>9DB6HIp>9:D:HEAmC>DD7AnFJDH:G:IDH96867:k6

><JG6  (HHDI:BEDG6A9>G:>ID K>HIDEDG76>MD>HHJG69: A6H:G,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6


!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

43
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

><JG6  (HHDD88>EI6A K>HI6:MI:GC6EDG76>MD ,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD


J6C676G6$DD<6C 

'6;68:>CI:GC6z<JG6 
)GDIJ7:GiC8>6D88>E>I6A>CI:GC6DC9:D8DGG:68DC{JmC8>69DHH:>DH
K:CDHDH9D:C8l;6AD
,JA8D9DH:>DH6<>I6AHJE:G>DGFJ:6AD?66EDGkjDEDHI:G>DG9DB:HBDH:>D
,JA8DHIG6CHK:GHDH6AD?6BDHH:>DHIG6CHK:GHDH:HJ6HB6G<:CHzM6B
6I:C969D8:G:7:AD
EDGkjD76H>A6G:HIhH>IJ6969>6CI:9D;DG6B:B6<CDJC>96EDG86G
I>A6<:B6DDHHD:H;:Cp>9:CD8GiC>D?DK:B:HI6DHH>z86CDGB6AB:CI:6DH
K>CI::8>C8D6CDH;DGB6C9DJBDHHD8DCInCJD8DBD:H;:Cp>9: C8DC
IG6BDHC:HI6EDGkjD
,JA8D76H>A6GA6G<D:G6HDE6G66B:9JA6D7ADC<6
-J7lG8JAD;6GnC<:DE6G6>CH:GkjD96G6;:z7GDH696;6G>C<:
'6HHJ6HEDGkr:HA6I:G6>H:C8DCIG6BDH
qC9>ADH9DD88>E>I6AE6G66GI>8JA6G8DB6EG>B:>G6KlGI:7G68:GK>86A:
;DGB6G66GI>8JA6kjD6IA6CID88>E>I6A
6C6A 9D =>ED<ADHHD FJ: 9h H6n96 6D C:GKD =>ED<ADHHD 1"" E6G :
:CIG6969:JBG6BDB:CnC<:D966GIlG>6;6GnC<:66H8:C9:CI:

44
Sistema esquelético
Aula

><JG6  (HHDD88>EI6A K>HI6>CI:GC66CI:G>DG :H86B6D88>E>I6A K>HI696HJE:G;n8>:A>B>


I6CI:E6G66H>C8DC9GDH::H;:7D D88>E>I6A,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:
#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

(DHHD:H;:Cp>9:z<JG6 9:CDB>C69D9:E:9G6;JC96B:CI6A9D
6HHD6A=D8G6C>6CD6GI>8JA6 H:8DBID9DHDHDHHDH8G6C>6CDH EG:H:CI6JB
8DGED9J6H6H6HB6>DG:H9J6H6H6HB:CDG:H:DHEGD8:HHDHEI:G><p>9:H
(8DGED9:;DGB68s7>86lD8D:8DCIlB
(H:>D:H;:CD>96AFJ:9G:C6E6G66H;DHH6HC6H6>H
;DHH6=>EDzHhG>6DC9:H:6AD?66<AiC9JA6=>EpzH:
H6H6HB:CDG:HAiB>C6HIG>6C<JA6G:HFJ:I:GB>C6B:BEDCI66<J96
:8DCIlB
6C6ApEI>8D:BHJ676H:FJ:9hE6HH6<:B6DC:GKDpEI>8D:6GIlG>6
D;IhAB>86
H6HB6>DG:HFJ:;DGB6BE6GI:96;DHH6Bl9>69D8GiC>D:C6A>C=6
9:6EGDM>B6kjD8DBD8DGED6EG:H:CI6IGmHDG>;n8>DHFJ:HjD
DG6B:G:9DC9DDC9:E6HH6DC:GKDB6M>A6G
DG6B:DK6ADC9:E6HH6DC:GKDB6C9>7JA6G
DG6B::HE>C=DHDFJ:H:GK:9:IGiCH>IDE6G666GIlG>6B:CnC<:6Bl9>6
(HEGD8:HHDHEI:G><p>9:H9:9>G:kjD>C;:G>DG8DCIG>7J:BE6G66;DG
B6kjD96HE6G:9:HA6I:G6>H9686K>969:C6H6A:zM6kjDBJH8JA6G

45
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

><JG6 (HHD:H;:CD>9: K>HIDEDGIGhH />HjD96HJE:G;n8>:A>B>I6CI:E6G66H>C8DC9GDH::H;:7D


D88>E>I6A,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

(DHHD:IBp>9:z<JG6 AD86A>O69DC6E6GI:6CI:G>DG9D6HHD6A=D9D
8GiC>D:CIG:6H86K>969:HDG7>I6>H:;DGB6DI:ID9686K>969:C6H6A8DCH>HI:
9:FJ6IGDE6GI:HJB6=DG>ODCI6A6AiB>C68G>7G>;DGB:DC9::C8DCIG6BDHDH
;DG6B:H8G>7G>;DGB:HE6G6E6HH6<:B96HG6nO:H9DC:GKDDA;6IpG>DJB6AiB>C6
E:GE:C9>8JA6G;DGB6C9D6E6GI:pHH:6HJE:G>DG9DH:EIDC6H6A:9>K>9:686K>969:
C6H6A:B9J6H8iB6G6H9J6HB6HH6HA6I:G6>HDA67>G>CID HJ6;68:A6I:G6A:CIG6
C68DCHI>IJ>kjD96E6G:9:B:9>6A96pG7>I6C6;68:B:9>6A:HIjD9J6HAiB>C6H
:HE>G6A696H6H8DC8=6HC6H6>HHJE:G>DG:Bl9>6 CIG:8696JB69:HI6H8DC8=6H
:C8DCIG6BDHIGmHB:6IDHHJE:G>DG:Bl9>DDC9:9G:C6BDHH:>DHE6G6C6H6>H
;GDCI6A:IBD>96A:H;:Cp>9::B6M>A6:>C;:G>DGDC9:9G:C6D9J8IDC6HDA68G>B6A

><JG6   (HHD :IBp>9:   K>HID EDG 8>B6  %iB>C6 E6E>Gh8:6 ,((- #  IA6H 9: C6IDB>6
!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

46
Sistema esquelético
Aula

( K>H8:GD8GiC>D H>IJ69D iCI:GD >C;:G>DG 6D C:JGD8GiC>D C:A: :HIjD


H>IJ69DHDHpG<jDH9DH>HI:B6H:CHDG>6AK>HjDDA;6kjD<DHID:D>Cn8>D9DH
H>HI:B6H9><:HIpG>D7D86:;6G>C<::G:HE>G6IpG>D;DHH6HC6H6>H (HDHHDH
3
96;68:HjD:BCsB:GD9:  DB:M8:kjD96B6C9n7JA6:9DKqB:G
ID9DHDHDJIGDHDHHDH96;68:HjDE6G:H
B6C9n7JA6z<JG6H::B;DGB69:;:GG69JG6lDsC>8DDHHD
BpK:A96867:k6DB6>H;DGI:96;68::HIh6GI>8JA69D6D8GiC>DE:A66G
I>8JA6kjDImBEDGDB6C9>7JA6G )DHHJ>JB6EDGkjD=DG>ODCI6AD8DGED:
9J6HEDGkr:HK:GI>86>HDHG6BDHFJ:H:JC:B6D8DGED:BiC<JADG:ID
'DHG6BDH:C8DCIG6BDH
'6B6G<:BHJE:G>DG

><JG6 &6C9n7JA6 K>HI6A6I:G6A,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD


J6C676G6$DD<6C 

47
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

><JG6 &6C9n7JA6 B:I69:9>G:>I6:BK>HI6B:9>6A,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6


:9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

)GD8:HHD8DC9>A6GFJ:8DCH>HI:9:9J6HEDGkr:HD8qC9>AD6GI>8JA6G:D8DAD
)GD8:HHD8DGDCp>9:zCD:IG>6C<JA6GE6G6>CH:GkjD9DBsH8JADI:BEDG6A
'6;68:A6I:G6A
-J7:GDH>969:B6HH:IlG>86E6G6>CH:GkjD9DBsH8JADB6HH:I:G
'6;68:B:9>6A
DG6B:96B6C9n7JA6E6G6:CIG6969DHK6HDH:C:GKDH6AK:DA6G:H>C;:G>DG:H
%nC<JA696B6C9n7JA6E6G6>CH:GkjD9DA><6B:CID:H;:CDB6C9>7JA6G
,JA8DB>AD =>p>9:DE6G66AD?6GDHK6HDH:C:GKDHB>AD =>p>9:DH
-J7:GDH>969:EI:G><p>9:6E6G6zM6kjD9DBsH8JADEI:G><p>9:B:9>6A
'D8DGED:C8DCIG6BDH
68:K:CIG6A
DHH6>C8>H>K6E6G6DHBsH8JADHB:CIDC>6CDH
DG6B:B:CIDC>6CDE6G6E6HH6<:B9DHK6HDH:C:GKDHB:CIDC>6CDH
%>C=6D7AnFJ6FJ:H:8DCI>CJ68DB6B6G<:B6CI:G>DG9DG6BD:zM6
DHBsH8JADH9:EG:HHDG9DiC<JAD967D86:Ah7>D>C;:G>DG
68:9DGH6A
HE>C=6HB:IDC>6C6HE6G6zM6kjD9DHBsH8JADH<:C>D<ADHHD:<mC>D =>p>9:D
DHH6 9><hHIG>86 9:EG:HHjD DK6A E6G6 zM6kjD 9D K:CIG: 6CI:G>DG 9D
BsH8JAD9><hHIG>8D
%>C=6B>AD =>p>9:6E6G6DBsH8JADB>AD =>p>9:D
DHH6HJ7A>C<J6A:HJ7B6C9>7JA6GE6G66AD?6G6H<AiC9JA6HHJ7A>C<J6A
:HJ7B6C9>7JA6GG:HE:8I>K6B:CI:
B6M>A6z<JG6H:8DA67DG6C6;DGB6kjD9:FJ6IGD86K>969:H
DG6AC6H6ADG7>I6A:9DH:>DB6M>A6G )DHHJ>JB8DGED:FJ6IGDEGD8:HHDH
O><DBhI>8D;GDCI6A6AK:DA6G:E6A6I>CD (8DGED9:;DGB6E>G6B>96A8DC
IlBDH:>DB6M>A6G:EDHHJ>
'6;68:K:CIG6A

48
Sistema esquelético
Aula

><JG6 &6M>A69>G:>I6 K>HI6A6I:G6A,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6 :9 +>D9:


#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

><JG6 &6M>A69>G:>I6 (HHDE6A6I>CDK>HI6B:9>6A,((-# IA6H9:C6IDB>6!JB6C6


:9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C 

DHH6>C8>H>K6E6G6zM6kjD9DBsH8JAD9:EG:HHDG9DH:EIDC6H6A
DHH686C>C6B6>DG:B6>HEGD;JC96zM6DBsH8JAD:A:K69DG9DiC
<JAD967D86
DG6B:>C;G6 DG7>I6AE6G666GIlG>6:C:GKDH>C;G6DG7>I6>H
'6;68:>C;G6I:BEDG6A
-J7:GDH>969:96B6M>A6EGD:B>C:CI:6EpH>GGJEkjD9DH9:CI:HH>HDH
'6;68:DG7>I6A

49
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

,JA8D>C;G6 DG7>I6AE6G6E6HH6<:B9DHC:GKDH:K6HDH>C;G6 DG7>I6A


'6;68:C6H6A
6C6AC6HDA68G>B6AE6G6E6HH6<:B9D9J8IDC6HDA68G>B6A
(HEGD8:HHDHHjD
)GD8:HHDO><DBhI>8D:B>CmC8>6IG>6C<JA6GH>IJ696CDiC<JAD9:H:E6
G6kjD96H;68:HK:CIG6A>C;G6I:BEDG6A:DG7>I6A
)GD8:HHD;GDCI6AAiB>C6FJ:;DGB66E6G:9:A6I:G6A9DC6G>O
)GD8:HHD6AK:DA6G:H86K6kjDEGD;JC96E6G6G:8:EkjD9DH9:CI:H
)GD8:HHDE6A6I>CD;DGB6E6GI:9D6HHD6A=D9686K>969:C6H6A:DI:ID967D86
(HDHHDHE6A6I>CDH:B;DGB69:w%x:CIG6BC68DCHI>IJ>kjD9686K>
969:C6H6A96pG7>I6:9DE6A6ID9JGD8DBDI6B7lB96H;DHH6HEI:G><D
E6A6I>C6 EI:G><p>9:6 : >C;G6I:BEDG6A : E6GI>8>E6 96 zHHJG6 >C;G6 DG7>I6A
)DHHJ:BDH;DG6B:HE6A6I>CDB6>DG:B:CDGE6G6E6HH6<:B9DHK6HDH:
C:GKDHE6A6I>CDB6>DG:B:CDGG:HE:8I>K6B:CI:
(HDHHDHO><DBhI>8DH;DGB6BDH8DCIDGCDHA6I:G6>H96;68:E6GI:9D
6HHD6A=D96pG7>I6:6H;DHH6HI:BEDG6>H:>C;G6I:BEDG6>H EG:H:CI6IGmH
;68:HA6I:G6ADG7>I6A:I:BEDG6A:IGmHEGD8:HHDHDEGD8:HHD;GDCI6AFJ:
6GI>8JA6 H:8DBDEGD8:HHDO><DBhI>8D9DDHHD;GDCI6ADEGD8:HHDB6M>A6G
E6G66GI>8JA6G8DB6B6M>A6:DEGD8:HHDI:BEDG6AFJ:6GI>8JA6 H:8DBD
EGD8:HHDO><DBhI>8D9DI:BEDG6A C8DCIG6BDHD;DG6B:O><DBhI>8D;68>6A
E6G6E6HH6<:B9DHK6HDH:C:GKDHO><DBhI>8DH
(HDHHDHC6H6>HJC:B H:C6A>C=6B:9>6C6E6G6;DGB6GD9DGHD9D
C6G>O GI>8JA6 H:8DBFJ6IGDDHHDH9D>H9D8GiC>D:IBp>9::;GDCI6A:
9D>H96;68:DC6H6ADEDHID:6B6M>A6 ,J6;68:B:9>6Al6IG6K:HH696EDG
JBHJA8DFJ:9hE6HH6<:B6JBG6BD9DC:GKDC6HD8>A>6G
(HDHHDHA68G>B6>HHjDDHB:CDG:H:B6>H;Gh<:>H9DHDHHDH96;68:
696JB6EG:H:CI6JBHJA8DA68G>B6AFJ:H:JC:8DBDEGD8:HHD;GDCI6A
96B6M>A6E6G6;DGB6G6;DHH6A68G>B6A HI6C6HJ6E6GI:HJE:G>DG6AD?6D
H68DA68G>B6A:C6>C;:G>DGD9J8IDC6HDA68G>B6A
H8DC8=6HC6H6>H>C;:G>DG:HH:EGD?:I6B=DG>ODCI6AB:CI::B:9>6A
B:CI:96HE6G:9:HA6I:G6>H9686K>969:C6H6A:CGDA696HHD7G:H>B:HB6H
8DBDJBGDAD9:E:G<6B>C=DH:E6G6C9DDHB:6IDHBl9>D:>C;:G>DG
(DHHDKqB:GzCDEA6CD:B:9>6CD;DGB68DB6AiB>C6E:GE:C9>8J
A6G9D:IBp>9:6E6GI:pHH:69DH:EIDC6H6A GI>8JA6 H:8DB:H;:Cp>9:
:IBp>9:B6M>A6:E6A6I>CD

50
Sistema esquelético
Aula

 ;

(HDHHDH9DH>HI:B6:HFJ:AlI>8DG:6A>O6B;JCkr:HB: 8iC>86H9:HJH
3
I:CI6kjDEGDI:kjD:HjD76H:HB:8iC> 86HE6G6BDK>B:CIDHEGD9JkjD9:
8lAJA6HH6C<tnC:6H:6GB6O:C6B:CID9:B>C:G6>H

HIGJIJG69DDHHDDCI:=IIE 8JGAN<>GA CD H6ED EI

 

(H>HI:B6:HFJ:AlI>8DlD8DC?JCID9:DHHDH:86GI>A6<:CHFJ:H:>CI:GA><6B
E6G6;DGB6GD6G867DJkD9D8DGED=JB6CD:9:H:BE:C=6GKhG>6H;JCkr:H (HDH
HDH6EG:H:CI6B9J6HHJ7HIiC8>6HJB68DBE68I69:CH6:HpA>96:DJIG6:HEDC?DH6
8J?DH:HE6kDHHjDEG::C8=>9DHEDGB:9JA6pHH:6:BFJ6CI>969:9>;:G:CI:CJB
B:HBDDHHD HI:HHjD8A6HH>z869DH9:68DG9D8DBHJ6;DGB6<:DBlIG>86:B
ADC<DH8JGIDH:EA6CDH ,J6HHJE:G;n8>:HEDHHJ:B86G68I:GnHI>86H:HIGJIJG6>HFJ:
HjD696EI696HE6G69>K:GH6H;JCkr:H:6E6G:8:BDC9:DHI:C9r:HA><6B:CIDHDJ
;hH8>6H:HIjD>CH:G>9DHDJ6>C96DC9:DHK6HDH:HIjD69?68:CI:HDJE:C:IG6BC:A6H
(:HFJ:A:ID=JB6CD69JAIDI:B6EGDM>B696B:CI: DHHDH6<GJE69DH
:B9J6HE6GI:HEG>C8>E6>HD:HFJ:A:ID6M>6A DHHDH:D:HFJ:A:ID6E:C9>8JA6G
 DHHDH (:HFJ:A:ID6M>6Al;DGB69DE:ADHDHHDH96867:k6E:H8DkD:
IGDC8D CFJ6CIDD:HFJ:A:ID6E:C9>8JA6Gl8DBEDHIDE:ADHDHHDH9DHB:B
7GDHHJE:G>DG:H>C;:G>DG:H:E:ADH8nC<JADHE:>IDG6A:ElAK>8D (:HFJ:A:ID96
867:k6DJ8:;hA>8DG:EDJH6CDIDED968DAJC6K:GI:7G6A:l8DBEDHID9:9J6H
E6GI:HDC:JGD8GiC>D:DK>H8:GD8GiC>D (C:JGD8GiC>D:C8:GG6:EGDI:<:D
:C8l;6AD:EDHHJ>DHHDHDK>H8:GD8GiC>D8DCIlBDHpG<jDH96B6HI><6kjD
G:HE>G6kjDEGD9JkjD96;6A6:9DHH:CI>9DH:EDHHJ> DHHDH

51
Elementos de Anatomia Humana

 
6k6JB6G:A6kjD96H;JCkr:H9DH>HI:B6:HFJ:AlI>8D
  :zC6 8696 JB 9DH H:<J>CI:H EDCIDH 9: G:E6GD 9DH DHHDH 8qC9>AD
EGD8:HHD;DHH6:;pK:6
 :I:GB>C:FJ6>HDHHDH9D8GiC>D:96;68:HjDE6G:H:FJ6>HHjD>BE6G:H
 :H8G:K6DFJ:E6HH6CDH68>9:CI:H6C6IqB>8DH;DG6B:B6<CD;DG6B:
DK6A:zHHJG6DG7>I6AHJE:G>DG

  @  
iC<:AD#  6II>C>  + 1,*( '2* + 0(01K*(" $0$&*$+1 /
- / ,$012# +1$#$$#("(+ :9 ,jD)6JADI=:C:J 
> >D %  #   / 1 #, #$ + 1,*(  0(01K*("  -)(" #   :9  ,jD
)6JADI=:C:J 
DHH & / 5 + 1,*( :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C

&DDG:$ % 6AA:N  + 1,*( ,/($+1 # - / ")L+(" :9 +>D
9:#6C:>GD J6C676G6$DD<6C
'--+ ! 1) 0#$ + 1,*( 2* + :9 )DGIDA:<G:GI
B:9
,((-# 1) 0#$ + 1,*( 2* + :9 +>D9:#6C:>GD J6
C676G6$DD<6C 
,E:C8: ) + 1,*( '2* + !H0(" :9 ,jD)6JAD&6CDA: 
-DGIDG6 # ,/-,'2* +,;JC96B:CIDH9:6C6IDB>6:zH>DAD<>6 :9
)DGIDA:<G:GI:H&l9>86H
/6C9: G66;;$ & + 1,*( '2* + ,jD)6JAD&6CDA: 
3:BA>C0 + /(+"L-(,0#$ + 1,*( $S0(,),&( $*,+, 2#(,),&( 
:9 )DGIDA:<G:GI:H&l9>86H,JA

52

Você também pode gostar