Você está na página 1de 29



Graa Druck ngela Borges**


RESUMO:? UcdeT_ VQj e]Q QfQ\YQ|z_ T_ `b_SUcc_ TU dUbSUYbYjQ|z_ ^Q 2QXYQ ^_c \dY]_c TUj Q^_c U RecSQ S_dUZQb Y^V_b]Q|Uc S_\UdQTQc ^_ VY^Q\ TQ T} SQTQ dQ^d_ U] `UcaeYcQc bUSU^dUc bUQ\YjQTQc `U\Qc Qed_bQc S_]_ U] \U fQ^dQ]U^d_c TU _edbQc V_^dUc S_] _c bUce\dQT_c TU e] WbQ^TU UcdeT_ bU Q\YjQT_ ^_ Y^SY_ TQ T}SQTQ TU )  aeU S_^d_e S_] Q `QbdYSY`Q|z_ TQc Qed_ bQc U SeZ_c bUce\dQT_c V_bQ] `eR\YSQT_c 4UcdQSQcU c_RbUdeT_ _ TUcU^f_\ fY]U^d_ TQc dU^T^SYQc Zv Q^e^SYQTQc ^_ Y^SY_ TQ T}SQTQ U Qc ^_fQc V_b]Qc TU dUbSUYbYjQ|z_ 4YcSedU]cU Qc `bY^SY`QYc Y]`\YSQ|Uc TUccU `b_SUcc_ `QbQ _c dbQRQ\XQT_bUc U `b_SebQcU QY^TQ UfYTU^SYQb Q bU\Q|z_ U^dbU _ `b_SUcc_ TU dUbSUYbYjQ|z_ U Qc ]eTQ^|Qc ^_ ]UbSQT_ TU dbQRQ\X_ bUdbQdQTQc ^_c TQ T_c cUSe^TvbY_c TYc`_^fUYc PALAVRAS-CHAVE
]DomR HPSUHJR 7UDEDOKR WHUFHLUL]DomR PHUFDGR GH WUDEDOKR SUHFDUL

INTRODUO

$ Gp.DGD GH  IRL PDU.DGD SHOD .RPELQDomR GH WUrV JUDQGHV SUR.HVVRVDJOREDOL]DomRDUHHVWUXWXUDomRSURGXWLYDHRQHROLEHUDOLV PRHPQtYHOPXQGLDO1R%UDVLOHVVHVSUR.HVVRVWrPDVXDHVSH.LIL.L GDGHKLVWyUL.DH.RQVWLWXHPXP.RQWH[WRGH.ULVHTXHVHH[SUHVVDQRV YiULRV.DPSRVGDVR.LHGDGHREVHUYDQGRVHHPSDUWL.XODUXPDSUR IXQGD.ULVHQRPXQGRGRWUDEDOKR eQHVVH.RQWH[WRTXHVHSRGH.RPSUHHQGHUHDQDOLVDUDUHHVWUX WXUDomR SURGXWLYD HQWHQGLGD .RPR XP .RQMXQWR GH PXGDQoDV QR

7UDEDOKR DSUHVHQWDGR QR ; &RQJUHVVR GD 6%6  6RFLHGDGH %UDVLOHLUD GH 6RFLRORJLD UHDOL]DGR HP VHWHPEUR GH  HP )RUWDOH]D &HDUi 3URIHVVRUD GR 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH 6RFLRORJLD GD ))&+8)%D GR 3URJUDPD GH 3yV *UDGXDomR HP & 6RFLDLV H SHVTXLVDGRUD GR &5+ H GR &13T 3URIHVVRUD GH 6RFLRORJLD GD 8&6$/ H GD 81,)$&6 GRXWRUDQGD GR 3URJUDPD GH 3yV*UDGXDomR HP & 6RFLDLV8)%D H SHVTXLVDGRUD DVVRFLDGD GR &5+8)%D

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

112

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

kPELWRGDSURGXomRHGRWUDEDOKRDWUDYpVGHLQRYDo}HVWH.QROyJL.DV GDLPSOHPHQWDomRGHQRYRVSDGU}HVGHJHVWmRHRUJDQL]DomRGRWUD EDOKRHGRHVWDEHOH.LPHQWRGHQRYDVUHODo}HVSROtWL.DVHQWUHRSDWUR QDWRHRVVLQGL.DWRV 1R .DVR EUDVLOHLUR D PDLRULD GDV SHVTXLVDV WHP GHPRQVWUDGR TXHDUHHVWUXWXUDomRQRVHWRULQGXVWULDOR.RUUHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHD WUDYpV GD LQWURGXomR GH QRYRV SDGU}HV GH JHVWmR H RUJDQL]DomR GR WUDEDOKRHPHQRVDWUDYpVGHLQRYDo}HVWH.QROyJL.DV(VVHVQRYRVSD GU}HVGHJHVWmRHRUJDQL]DomRGRWUDEDOKRVmRLQVSLUDGRVQRPRGHOR MDSRQrVRXWR\RWLVPR.RQVWLWXtGRVSRUSUiWL.DVGHJHVWmRHPTXHD 4XDOLGDGH7RWDOHD7HU.HLUL]DomRDVVXPHPSDSpLV.HQWUDLV $VVLPDUHHVWUXWXUDomRQR%UDVLOp

 IRUWHPHQWH GHWHUPLQDGD SHODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV KLVWyULFDV GD LQGXVWULDOL]DomR EUDVLOHLUD H SHODV GLILFXOGDGHV GD DWXDO FULVH QDFLRQDO GR TXH SRU XPD HVWUDWpJLD UDFLRQDO H FRPSHWHQWH GH SROtWLFD LQGXVWULDO HP EXVFD GR DMXVWH GD HFRQRPLD EUDVLOHLUD jV QRYDV FRQGLo}HV LPSRVWDV SHOD FRPSHWLWLYLGDGH FDSLWDOLVWD $V PXGDQoDV DGRWDGDV YrP VHQGR VHOHFLRQDGDV EDVLFDPHQWH HP IXQomR GD VXD PDLRU RX PHQRU DGHTXDomR D XPD HVWUDWpJLD GH DGDSWDomR GDV HPSUHVDV GH VREUHYLYrQFLD HPSUHVDULDO H GH PDQXWHQomR GD WD[D GH OXFUR QXPD FRQ MXQWXUD PDUFDGD SRU HOHYDGD LQVWDELOLGDGH HFRQ{PLFD H SROtWLFD ( LVVR FRP D PHQRU WD[D GH ULVFR SRVVtYHO LVWR p FRP EDL[tVVLPRV QtYHLV GH LQYHVWLPHQWR QD PRGHUQL]DomR H DPSOLDomR GR SDUTXH SURGXWLYR %RUJHV 'UXFN  S 
$WHU.HLUL]DomRSRGHVHU.RQVLGHUDGD.RPRDSULQ.LSDOSROtWL.D GH JHVWmR H RUJDQL]DomR GR WUDEDOKR QR LQWHULRU GD UHHVWUXWXUDomR SURGXWLYD,VVRSRUTXHHODpDIRUPDPDLVYLVtYHOGDIOH[LELOL]DomRGR WUDEDOKRSRLVSHUPLWH.RQ.UHWL]DUQRSODQRGDDWLYLGDGHGRWUDEDOKR RTXHPDLVWHPVLGRSURSDJDGRSHODVHVWUDWpJLDVHPSUHVDULDLVHSHOR GLV.XUVR HPSUHVDULDO RV .RQWUDWRV IOH[tYHLV /HLDVH .RQWUDWRV SRU WHPSRGHWHUPLQDGRSRUWHPSRSDU.LDOSRUWDUHID SRUHPSUHLWD SRU SUHVWDomR GH VHUYLoR VHP .REHUWXUD OHJDO H VRE UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH GH WHU.HLURV7UDQVIHULU.XVWRVWUDEDOKLVWDVHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVGHJHV WmR SDVVD D VHU XP JUDQGH REMHWLYR GDV HPSUHVDV PDLV PRGHUQDV H

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

113

PDLVEHPVLWXDGDVQRVYiULRVVHWRUHVGHDWLYLGDGHQRTXHVmRVHJXLGDV SHODVGHPDLVHPSUHVDV 2 REMHWLYR GHVWH WH[WR p UHDOL]DU XP EDODQoR GR SUR.HVVR GH WHU.HLUL]DomR QD UHJLmR PHWURSROLWDQD GH 6DOYDGRU QD ~OWLPD Gp.DGD HP HVSH.LDO QDV HPSUHVDV GR VHWRU LQGXVWULDO 3DUD LVVR SDUWHVHGRV UHVXOWDGRVGHXPDSHVTXLVDUHDOL]DGDQRLQt.LRGRVDQRV.XMDEDVH GHGDGRVMiIRLH[DXVWLYDPHQWHDQDOLVDGDHPRXWURVWUDEDOKRVH.RP SDUDVH.RPXPDSHVTXLVDUH.HQWHUHDOL]DGDHPDTXDOHPERUD GHIRQWHGLIHUHQWHWRPRX.RPRUHIHUrQ.LDRIRUPDWRGDSHVTXLVDDQ WHULRU$OpPGLVVRDLQWHUSUHWDomRGRVGDGRVLQ.RUSRUDUHVXOWDGRVGH DOJXPDV SHVTXLVDV .RRUGHQDGDV SRU XPD GDV DXWRUDV H TXH WDPEpP DERUGDPDTXHVWmRGDWHU.HLUL]DomR
RE-VISITANDO ALGUNS RESULTADOS DO INCIO DA DCADA LUZ DA REALIDADE ATUAL

5HYLVLWDQGR DV KLSyWHVHV H UHVXOWDGRV GR LQt.LR GRV DQRV  p LPSRUWDQWHGHVWD.DUTXHRVLQGL.DGRUHVGHXPSUR.HVVRGHTXiGUXSOD SUH.DUL]DomR  GR WUDEDOKR GD VD~GH GR HPSUHJRHGRVVLQGL.DWRV TXH MiVHPRVWUDYDPVLJQLIL.DWLYRVQDTXHOHSHUtRGRYmRVHUHSURGX]LU GHIRUPDDPSOLDGDGXUDQWHWRGDDGp.DGD$WHU.HLUL]DomRTXHMiQDTXH OHPRPHQWR.UHV.LDUDSLGDPHQWHVHJHQHUDOL]DDLQGDPDLV $SHVTXLVDUHDOL]DGDQRLQt.LRGDGp.DGDSDVVDGDQDLQG~VWULD SHWURTXtPL.DMi.DSWDYDXPDUiSLGDGLVVHPLQDomRGDVXE.RQWUDWDomR HP VHWRUHVDWLYLGDGHV PDLV WUDGL.LRQDOPHQWH WHU.HLUL]iYHLV (P RVGDGRVUHYHODPTXHGDVHPSUHVDVGRVHWRULQGXVWULDOH GRVHWRUGHILQDQoDVWUDEDOKDP.RPWHU.HLUL]DGRV1RVHWRUGHVHUYL oRVQRGHDJUREXVLQHVVHQR.RPpU.LReSRVVtYHO VXSRU TXH HVVH Q~PHUR EHPPHQRUGHHPSUHVDVTXHWHU.HLUL]DPQR

'UXFN * )UDQFR 7 %RUJHV $ )UDQFR $  )UDQFR HW DO  S 'UXFN   *D]HWD 0HUFDQWLO   'UXFN 
 
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

114

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

.RPpU.LRGHYHVHDRIDWRGHTXHQHVVHVHWRURV.RQWUDWRVHUHODo}HV GHWUDEDOKRVHPSUHIRUDPHVWUXWXUDOPHQWHIOH[tYHLVLVWRpDUHPXQH UDomRSRU.RPLVVmRGHYHQGD.RQWUDWRVSRUWHPSRGHWHUPLQDGR HP DOWDHVWDomR HDURWDWLYLGDGHHOHYDGDTXH.DUD.WHUL]DPDVUHODo}HVGH WUDEDOKR QHVVH VHWRU GH .HUWD IRUPD DQWH.LSDUDP R QRYR SDGUmR GH .RQWUDWDomRGRWUDEDOKRSHOR.DSLWDOTXHYHPVHQGRLPSRVWRDR.RQ MXQWRGDH.RQRPLD 1R .DVR GD LQG~VWULD SHWURTXtPL.D D .RPSDUDomR GRV UHVXOWD GRVGDVGXDVSHVTXLVDVUHYHODTXHMiSDUWLUGHKRXYHXPD.HOH UDGR.UHV.LPHQWRGDWHU.HLUL]DomRQDVDWLYLGDGHVWUDGL.LRQDOPHQWHUH SDVVDGDV SDUD RXWUDV HPSUHVDV .RPR SRU H[HPSOR OLPSH]D   GDVHPSUHVDVWHU.HLUL]DUDPQRSHUtRGR YLJLOkQFLD H VHJXUDQ oD SDWULPRQLDO GDVHPSUHVDV.RQWUDWDUDPHVVHWLSRGHVHUYLoR QHVVHPHVPRSHUtRGRH PDQXWHQomR SUHGLDO GDVHPSUHVDVWHU .HLUL]DUDPQDTXHOHVWUrVDQRV$VVLPHPGDVHPSUHVDVMi WHU.HLUL]DP RV VHUYLoRV GH OLPSH]D  VXE.RQWUDWDP YLJLOkQFLD H VHJXUDQoD SDWULPRQLDOHDPDQXWHQomR SUHGLDO &DEHGHVWD.DUDLQGDTXHDWXDOPHQWHGDVHPSUHVDVSHWUR TXtPL.DVWHU.HLUL]DP VHJXUDQoD H PHGLFLQD GR WUDEDOKRXPDVLWXDomR TXHWHPVLGRTXHVWLRQDGDSHORVHVWXGLRVRVHWp.QL.RVGHRUJDQL]Do}HV JRYHUQDPHQWDLV GD iUHD GH VD~GH R.XSD.LRQDO H VHJXUDQoD QR WUDED OKRMiTXHDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDGHVVDDWLYLGDGHSDUDHPSUHVDVWHU.HLUDVGLV WDQ.LD R .RQWUROH H D.RPSDQKDPHQWR GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV DGRH.LGRV HRXD.LGHQWDGRVHWUDQVIRUPDRVSUREOHPDVGHVD~GHHGHVHJXUDQoD HPQHJy.LRVGHPHQRU.XVWR 1RLQt.LRGRVDQRV SHUtRGRHVWXGDGRQDSULPHLUDSHVTXLVD  MiVHLQWURGX]LDPPXGDQoDVTXDOLWDWLYDVUHOHYDQWHVVHQGRTXHDPDLV LPSRUWDQWH GHODV p D WHU.HLUL]DomR GH iUHDV QX.OHDUHV GDV HPSUHVDV SUR.HVVR TXH VH WRUQRX .RPXP QR ILQDO GD Gp.DGD (UD R .DVR GD SURGXomRRSHUDomRTXH.RPHoRXDVHUWHU.HLUL]DGDDSDUWLUGH DWLQJLQGR  GDV HPSUHVDV ODERUDWyULRSURFHVVRV TXH WDPEpP .R PHoRXDVHUWHU.HLUL]DGDQDTXHOHPHVPRDQRR.RUUHQGRHPGDV
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

115

HPSUHVDV0DVGHVWD.DPVHVREUHWXGRDPDQXWHQomR FRUUHWLYDTXH DWpHUDWHU.HLUL]DGDHPGDVHPSUHVDVH.KHJRXDHP HDPDQXWHQomR SUHYHQWLYD SDUDGDV TXHQRSHUtRGRHUDWHU.HL UL]DGDSRUGDVHPSUHVDVDWLQJLQGRGRWRWDOSHVTXLVDGR (PDPDQXWHQomRHOpWUL.DHDPDQXWHQomRGHPiTXLQDVH HTXLSDPHQWRVVmRWHU.HLUL]DGDVSRUHGDVHPSUHVDVUHVSH. WLYDPHQWHHQTXDQWRTXH.DOGHLUDULDHDXVLQDJHPVmRWHU.HLUL]DGDVSRU HGDVHPSUHVDVSHWURTXtPL.DV7RGRVHVVDViUHDVVmR.RQVL GHUDGDV.RPRHVVHQ.LDLVSDUDRSUR.HVVRGHSURGXomRHSRUWDQWRi UHDVQX.OHDUHV $OpPGLVVRQHVVH~OWLPRDQRTXDQGRSHUJXQWDGDVVREUHDVi UHDVTXHSUHWHQGHPWHU.HLUL]DUREVHUYDVHTXHVmRH[DWDPHQWHDVQX .OHDUHVDVPDLVLQGL.DGDVSRLVGDVHPSUHVDVGRVHWRUSHWURTXt PL.R SUHWHQGHP WHU.HLUL]DU DLQGD PDLV D PDQXWHQomR GH PiTXLQDV H HTXLSDPHQWRV 1R HQWDQWR D SHVTXLVD PDLV UH.HQWH DSRQWD WDPEpP TXHGDVHPSUHVDVSHWURTXtPL.DVSUHWHQGHPUH.XDUQDWHU.HLUL ]DomRGHSDUWHVGRSUR.HVVRSURGXWLYR(VVD~OWLPDLQIRUPDomROHYDD XPDUHIOH[mRVREUHSRVVtYHLVSUHMXt]RVVRIULGRVSHODVHPSUHVDV.RPD IUDJPHQWDomRGHVXDSURGXomRHVREUHDVGLIL.XOGDGHVHULV.RVTXHD .RPSDQKDPDVXE.RQWUDWDomRGDVDWLYLGDGHVQX.OHDUHVVREUHWXGRQR .DVRGHXPDLQG~VWULDGHSUR.HVVR.RQWtQXRTXHHPEXWHULV.RVHOHYD GRV.RPRpR.DVRGDSHWURTXtPL.D 1DYLVmRJHUHQ.LDOHHPSUHVDULDORVUHVXOWDGRVGDWHU.HLUL]DomR DSRQWDGRV .RPR YDQWDJHQV VmR SUDWL.DPHQWH RV PHVPRV QDV GXDV SHVTXLVDVHPSULPHLUROXJDULQGL.DPDUHGXomRGH.XVWRV  HP VHJXQGROXJDUDUHGXomRGHSHVVRDO  SRUVXDYH]DSDUWHPDLV LPSRUWDQWHGDUHGXomRGH.XVWRVHHPWHU.HLURVLPSOLIL.DomRGDHV WUXWXUD GD RUJDQL]DomR   'HVWD.DVH XPD GLIHUHQoDQDSHVTXLVD


$ FODVVLILFDomR GH DWLYLGDGHV XWLOL]DGD QDV GXDV SHVTXLVDV QmR p D PHVPD PDV RV GDGRV VXJHUHP TXH HPERUD QXP ULWPR OHQWR HVVH SURFHVVR GH WHUFHLUL]DomR GH D WLYLGDGHV QXFOHDUHV HVWHYH DWLYR QRV DQRV  (PERUD DV GLIHUHQoDV QDV PHWRGROR JLDV GDV SHVTXLVDV QmR SHUPLWDP XPD ULJRURVD FRPSDUDELOLGDGH p SRVVtYHO DQDOLVDU H FRPSDUDU RV UHVXOWDGRV SRQWXDOPHQWH
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

116

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

DWXDOMiTXHSDUDGDVHPSUHVDVSHWURTXtPL.DV.RQ.HQWUDURIR .RQRQHJy.LRSULQ.LSDOIRLLQGL.DGD.RPRDSULQ.LSDOYDQWDJHPGD WHU.HLUL]DomR(VVDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDVGXDVSHVTXLVDVSRGHVHUH[SOL.D GD SHOR IDWR GH TXH DV YDQWDJHQV UHOD.LRQDGDV .RPRV.XVWRVH.RP SHVVRDOMiIRUDPDO.DQoDGDVQDPDLRULDGRV.DVRVDEULQGRHVSDoRSDUD DSHU.HSomR HEXV.D GHRXWUDVYDQWDJHQV 1RTXHVHUHIHUHjVGHVYDQWDJHQVPDLV.LWDGDVSHODVHPSUHVDVD SHVTXLVDGH.KDPDDDWHQomRSDUDRVPHVPRVSUREOHPDVDSRQ WDGRVQDSHVTXLVDGRLQt.LRGDGp.DGDGHVSUHSDURGRVWHU.HLUL]DGRV   RX GLIL.XOGDGH HP DVVHJXUDU D TXDOLGDGH SHUGD GH KDELOLGDGH Wp.QL.D  SUREOHPDVGHQDWXUH]DVLQGL.DO  .XVWRGHPRQLWRUDPHQWRGH WHU.HLURV  HULV.RGHGHV.RQWUROHGRSUR.HVVR  $SHUVLVWrQ.LD GHVVHVSUREOHPDVUHYHODTXHDSHVDUGHWRGRRHVIRUoRGHUHHVWUXWXUDomRH GHLQ.RUSRUDomR DRPHQRVDRQtYHOGRGLV.XUVR GHWRGDVDVUH.HLWDV SDUDXPDERDJHVWmRHPSUHVDULDOHSDUDJDQKRVVLVWrPL.RVGH.RPSHWLWL YLGDGHRDPELHQWHVR.LHWDOQmRDSUHVHQWRXQHQKXPDPXGDQoDSRVLWLYD TXHUHYHOHJDQKRVGH.RUUHQWHVGDWmRSURSDODGDVLQHUJLDQDUHODomRHQWUH RV DWRUHV HQYROYLGRV QR SUR.HVVR SURGXWLYR TXH VHULD DO.DQoDGD SHORV QRYRVPRGHORVGHJHVWmR 7DPEpP RV .ULWpULRV SDUD D VHOHomR GDVWHU.HLUDVDSRQWDGRVSHOR PDLRUQ~PHURGHHPSUHVDVIRUDPRVPHVPRVLQGL.DGRVQDSHVTXLVDGH UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSDUD.RPRV.RPSURPLVVRVWUDEDOKLVWDVHVSH.LDOL ]DomRQDiUHDSUHoRVPHQRUHVDSWLGmR.DSD.LGDGHWp.QL.D 1R HQWDQWR XP SUREOHPD Mi GHWH.WDGRQRLQt.LRGRVDQRV SUHYDOH.HH.UHV.HHP$SHVDUGHGDVHPSUHVDVSHWURTXt PL.DVDILUPDUHPTXH.RQWURODPRUH.ROKLPHQWRGR )*76HRUH.ROKL PHQWRSUHYLGHQ.LiULRRH[DPHPpGL.RSHULyGL.RRH[DPH DGPLVVLRQDOHRUHJLVWURGRHPSUHJDGRWRGRVDVSH.WRVUHODWLYRV DRVGLUHLWRVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVDWRWDOLGDGH  GDVHPSUHVDVGH .ODUDUDPWHUSUR.HVVRQD-XVWLoDGR7UDEDOKRHPGH.RUUrQ.LDGDWHU .HLUL]DomR IRLQRWLIL.DGD.LWDGDLQWLPDGD VHQGRTXHGHODVGH .ODUDPTXHDVDo}HVUHIHUHPVHDSHGLGRGHUH.RQKH.LPHQWRGHYtQ.X
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

117

ORHPSUHJDWt.LRHGHODVHVWmRVHQGRD.LRQDGDVSDUDDVVXPLUUHV SRQVDELOLGDGH VROLGiULD RX VXEVLGLiULD SHORV GpELWRV WUDEDOKLVWDV GRV VHXV WHU.HLURV 1D SULPHLUD SHVTXLVD  GDV HPSUHVDV GH.ODUDUDP TXHVRIUHUDPUH.ODPDo}HVWUDEDOKLVWDVVHQGRTXHDGHODVHUDVR OL.LWDGR R UH.RQKH.LPHQWR GR YtQ.XOR HPSUHJDWt.LRHUHVSRQGL DPSUR.HVVRVSDUDTXHDVVXPLVVHPUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVROLGiULD 2XWUDV LQIRUPDo}HV SRQWXDLV HQ.RQWUDGDV HP  UHDILUPDP DVWHQGrQ.LDVHQ.RQWUDGDVQDSHVTXLVDGH$SULPHLUDpVREUHR Q~PHURGHHPSUHVDV.RQWUDWDGDVSRUVHWRUGHDWLYLGDGHLWHPQRTXDO DSHWURTXtPL.DVHGHVWD.DSRLVDSUHVHQWDDPDLRUSURSRUomR  GH HPSUHVDV TXH GH.ODUDP WHU HQWUH  H  HPSUHVDV .RQWUDWDGDV RX WHU.HLUL]DGDV  H  TXH WrP  RX PDLV HPSUHVDV .RQWUDWDGDV RX WHU.HLUL]DGDV 1RWRWDOGDLQG~VWULDHVVHVSHU.HQWXDLVHVWmRHPH UHVSH.WLYDPHQWH$VHJXQGDLQIRUPDomRpRWHPSRGH.RQWUDWD omRHPTXHWDPEpPDVHPSUHVDVGRVHWRUSHWURTXtPL.RVHGHVWD.DP SRLVGHODVHVWmRQDIDL[DGRVDDQRVHWHPDQRVRX PDLVGH.RQWUDWDomR (P   GH WRGDV DV HPSUHVDV HQWUHYLVWDGDV DILUPDUDP WUDEDOKDU.RPWHU.HLUL]DGRV.RQILUPDQGRSRUWDQWRDVWHVHVDSUHVHQ WDGDVQDSHVTXLVDGHQDVTXDLVVHDILUPDYDTXHQDGp.DGDGH DWHU.HLUL]DomRHUDDSUiWL.DTXHPDLVVHGLIXQGLDQDDWLYLGDGHLQGXVWUL DOHWDPEpPHPRXWUDViUHDV
O QUE H DE NOVO NA TERCEIRIZAO NO FINAL DA DCADA

$SHVTXLVD7HU.HLUL]DomRQD%DKLDUHYHODDOJXQVUHVXOWDGRV TXH.RPSDUDGRV.RPRVGDSHVTXLVDGHLQGL.DPLQRYDo}HVQR SUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL]DomR$SULQ.LSDOQRYLGDGHGL]UHVSHLWRDRVWLSRV RXPRGDOLGDGHVGHWHU.HLUL]DomR(PWUDEDOKRDQWHULRU'UX.N   MiLGHQWLIL.DYDRVVHJXLQWHVWLSRVGHWHU.HLUL]DomR

 7UDEDOKR GRPpVWLFR RX WUDEDOKR GRPLFLOLDU FRP D VXEFRQWUDWDomR GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV DXW{QRPRV HP JHUDO VHP FRQWUDWR IRUPDO SUiWLFD PDLV UHFRU
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

118

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

UHQWH QDV HPSUHVDV GRV VHWRUHV PDLV WUDGLFLRQDLV GD SURGXomR LQGXVWULDO  (PSUHVDV IRUQHFHGRUDV GH FRPSRQHQWHVSHoDV p D VXEFRQWUDWDomR QD IRUPD GH UHGHV GH IRUQHFHGRUHV TXH SURGX]HP LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH LVWR p TXH WrP D VXD SUySULD LQVWDODomR PDTXLQDULD H PmRGHREUD HPERUD VXD SURGXomR HVWHMD YROWDGD TXDVH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH SDUD DV JUDQGHV HPSUHVDV FRQWUDWDQWHV 6XEFRQWUDWDomR SDUD VHUYLoRV GH DSRLR  p D VXEFRQWUDWDomR GH HPSUHVDV HVSHFLDOL]DGDV SUHVWDGRUDV GH VHUYLoRV UHDOL]DGRV HP VXD PDLR ULD QR LQWHULRU GDV SODQWDV GDV FRQWUDWDQWHV  6XEFRQWUDWDomR GH HPSUHVDV HRX WUDEDOKDGRUHV DXW{QRPRV QDV iUHDV SURGXWLYDVQXFOHDUHV QHVWH WLSR
SRGHP RFRUUHU GXDV IRUPDV D UHDOL]DomR GR WUDEDOKR QR LQWHULRU GD SODQWD GD FRQWUDWDQWH H E UHDOL]DomR GR WUDEDOKR IRUD QD HPSUHVD FRQWUDWDGD  4XDUWHLUL]DomR HPSUHVDV FRQWUDWDGDV FRP D ~QLFD IXQomR GH JHULU RV FRQ WUDWRV FRP DV WHUFHLUDV 'UXFN  S 

'HQWUH DV QRYDV PRGDOLGDGHV GH WHU.HLUL]DomR HQ.RQWUDGDV QD SHVTXLVD GH  GHVWD.DPVH DV .RRSHUDWLYDV XWLOL]DGDV SRU  GH WRGDV DV HPSUHVDV HQWUHYLVWDGDV SRU  GDV HPSUHVDV GR VHWRU LQ GXVWULDOHSRUGDLQG~VWULDSHWURTXtPL.DHDHPSUHVDILOKRWH HPSUH VDV DGPLQLVWUDGDV SRU H[IXQ.LRQiULRV TXH SUHIHUHP PRQWDU VHXV SUySULRVQHJy.LRV HQ.RQWUDGDHPGDVHPSUHVDVGHWRGRVRVVH WRUHV H HP  GR VHWRU LQGXVWULDO 2XWUDV WUrV PRGDOLGDGHV IRUDP HQ.RQWUDGDV HPERUD VHP UHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGH HPSUHVD PDQXIDWXUDGRUD GRWRWDO pDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDSDUDWHU.HLURVGDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGH JHVWmRGRSURGXWRD.DEDGRGR.RQWUDWDQWHLQWHJUDGRU GRWRWDO p DHPSUHVDGHORJtVWL.DDWXDQGRQD.ROHWDGHSHoDVH.RPSRQHQWHVID EUL.DGRVSHORVVLVWHPLVWDVSDUDDEDVWH.LPHQWRGLUHWDPHQWHQDOLQKDGH PRQWDJHP GH D.RUGR .RP D VHTrQ.LD VLVWHPLVWD  GR WRWDO   p XPD.pOXODGHQWURGRSURMHWR.RPSRVWRGHIRUQH.HGRUHVGHSHoDVH .RPSRQHQWHV.RPRXPNLWUHVSRQViYHLVSHORDEDVWH.LPHQWRGDV OLQKDV GH SURGXomR SRU PHLR GR LQWHJUDGRU LQVWDODGR GHQWUR RX DR UHGRUGR.RPSOH[RIDEULOGDPRQWDGRUD 1R.DVRGDV.RRSHUDWLYDVRTXHDVGLIHUHQ.LDGDTXHODVPRGDOL GDGHV HQ.RQWUDGDV DQWHULRUPHQWHpDGHILQLomRIRUPDOOHJDOTXH.R EHUWDSRUOHJLVODomRHVSH.tIL.DJDUDQWHjVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV.RQWUDWDQ WHVXWLOL]DUHPXP.RQWUDWRTXHDVGLVSHQVDGHWRGRVRV.XVWRVDVVR.L


'HILQLomR GD 3HVTXLVD 7HUFHLUL]DomR QD %DKLD  *D]HWD 0HUFDQWLO


CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

119

DGRV DRV GLUHLWRV JDUDQWLGRV SHOR DVVDODULDPHQWR IRUPDO 2X VHMD RV WUDEDOKDGRUHVVmR.RRSHUDWLYDGRVHQHVVD.RQGLomRQmRVmRDVVDODULD GRVRTXHOKHVUHWLUDDSURWHomRVR.LDOGR(VWDGRMiTXHWHRUL.DPHQ WHHOHVHVWDULDPVHDXWRJHULQGRHDVVLPVHDXWRSURWHJHQGRe SRVVtYHOTXHVHMDDIRUPDGHWHU.HLUL]DomRPDLVSHUYHUVDTXHVHGLIXQ GLXGXUDQWHDGp.DGDMiTXHSUH.DUL]DRWUDEDOKRGHIRUPDOHJDO.R EHUWDSHODOHJLVODomRDOpPGH.ULDUXPDLOXVmRSDUDDTXHOHVWUDEDOKD GRUHVTXHD.UHGLWDPVHUD.RRSHUDWLYDXPDDOWHUQDWLYDGHDXWRJHVWmRH GHXPWUDEDOKRVROLGiULR 1R VHJXQGR .DVR R GD HPSUHVD ILOKRWH HOD p LJXDO jV GHPDLV WHU.HLUDVHPVXDHVWUXWXUDRUJDQL]D.LRQDOPDVVHGLIHUHQ.LDSHODUHOD omR TXH WHP .RP D .RQWUDWDQWH 2V VHXV GRQRV VmR H[IXQ.LRQiULRV TXHHPVXDPDLRULD.RQKH.HPPXLWREHPRVSUR.HVVRVSURGXWLYRVH GHWUDEDOKRHLVVRpXPDyWLPDJDUDQWLDSDUDDHPSUHVD.RQWUDWDQWH 1DSHVTXLVDGHIRUDPHQ.RQWUDGRVDOJXQV.DVRVHPTXHDHP SUHVD .RQWUDWDQWH GHPLWLD VHXV HPSUHJDGRV H RIHUH.LD XP ILQDQ.LD PHQWR SDUD DEULUHP VHX SUySULR QHJy.LR H VH WUDQVIRUPDUHP HP HPSUHVDSUHVWDGRUDGHVHUYLoRV6LWXDomRHPTXHVHPHOKDQWHPHQWHjV .RRSHUDWLYDV RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV SHUGHP D .RQGLomR GH DVVDODULDGRV H .RQVHTHQWHPHQWHSHUGHPXP.RQMXQWRGHGLUHLWRVDOpPGHIL.DUDP VXEPHWLGRVDRVULV.RVGHTXDOTXHUQHJy.LRHPSUHVDULDO 2TXDGURPDLVJHUDOTXHDUH.HQWHSHVTXLVDRIHUH.HQHVVHILQDO GHGp.DGDUHYHODDGLIXVmRGDWHU.HLUL]DomRSDUDWRGRVRVVHWRUHVGH DWLYLGDGH VHQGR D LQG~VWULD H ILQDQoDV RV GRLV VHWRUHV TXH OLGHUDP .RPGDVHPSUHVDVGH.ODUDQGRTXHWUDEDOKDP.RPWHU.HLUL]DGRV 9HU7DEHODDVHJXLU 

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

120

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

7$%(/$   5HVXOWDGR HVWDWtVWLFR GD SHVTXLVD VHJXQGR DV PpGLDV DSXUDGDV SRU UDPR GH DWLYLGDGH 0pGLDV GH
*HUDO ,QG~VWULD &RPpUFLR

6HUYLoRV $JULEXVLQHVV )LQDQoDV

1 GH HPSUHVD FRQWUDWDGD     7HPSR GH FRQWUDWDomR  DQRV  DQRV  DQRV  DQRV *DVWR HP UHODomR DR IDWXUD         PHQWR %HQHItFLR HFRQ{PLFR      (PSUHJDGR SUy     SULRWHUFHLUL]DGR (PSUHJDGR WHUFHLUL]DGR QD         iUHD GD FRQWUDWDQWH )RQWH *=0 3HVTXLVD VREUH R SHUILO GD WHUFHLUL]DomR QD %DKLD  

  DQRV      

  DQRV       

$OpPGHVVDGLIXVmRXPDLQIRUPDomRTXHMiHUDUHDOLGDGHSDUDD LQG~VWULDSHWURTXtPL.DWDPEpPVHSURSDJDSDUDRVGHPDLVVHWRUHVp DSUHGRPLQkQ.LDGHHPSUHJDGRVWHU.HLUL]DGRVTXHWUDEDOKDPQDiUHD GD .RQWUDWDQWH LQGL.DGR SRU  GH WRGDV DV HPSUHVDV SHVTXLVDGDV HP1R.DVRGDLQG~VWULDVmRGDVHPSUHVDVQR.RPpU.LR  QRV VHUYLoRV  QR DJUREXVLQHVV HHPILQDQoDV GDV HPSUHVDV DILUPDUDP TXH RV HPSUHJDGRV WHU.HLUL]DGRV WUDEDOKDP QDiUHDGD.RQWUDWDQWH 2WHPSRPpGLRGH.RQWUDWDomRGDVWHU.HLUDVQRUHVXOWDGRJHUDO DQRVHWDPEpPSRUVHWRULQGL.DPDLVXPDYH]TXHpQHVVDGp .DGDTXHDWHU.HLUL]DomRVH.RQVROLGD1DLQG~VWULDRWHPSRPpGLRp GHDQRVQR.RPpU.LRpDQRVHPVHUYLoRVDQRVHP$JUREXVL QHVVDQRVHHP)LQDQoDVDQRV &DEH GHVWD.DU WDPEpP DOJXPDV QRYDV iUHDV WHU.HLUL]DGDV HP HVSH.LDO QR VHWRU GH ILQDQoDV SULQ.LSDOPHQWH EDQ.RV VHJXUDGR UDVHPSUHVDVPpGL.DVHRXWUDVLQVWLWXLo}HVILQDQ.HLUDV DH[HPSORGR WHOHPDUNHWLQJUHIHULGRSRUGDVHPSUHVDV(VVHWLSRGHVHUYLoRLQR YDGRU WDOYH] VHMD XP GRV H[HPSORV TXH PHOKRU DUWL.XOD D JHVWmR GR WUDEDOKR H D WH.QRORJLDLQIRUPDWL]DomR QXP SDGUmR GRV PDLV IRUWH PHQWHWD\ORUL]DGRV HSUH.DUL]DGRV QRV~OWLPRVWHPSRV 1R.DVRGRVEDQ.RVDWHU.HLUL]DomRDH[WHUQDOL]DomRRXWUDQV IHUrQ.LDGHDWLYLGDGHVHWUDEDOKREDQ.iULRSDUDRXWURVWLSRVGHHPSUH
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

121

VD MXQWDPHQWH.RPDDXWRPDomRIRLXPDGDVJUDQGHVUHVSRQViYHLV SHODVGHPLVV}HVTXHUHGX]LUDPGHHPSDUDHP RQ~PHURGHHPSUHJRVEDQ.iULRVQR%UDVLO 2V PRWLYRV SULQ.LSDLV SDUD D LPSOHPHQWDomR GD WHU.HLUL]DomR QRVEDQ.RVVmRHPJHUDORVPHVPRVTXHGHRXWURVVHWRUHVGDDWLYL GDGHWDO.RPRDLQG~VWULDID.LOLWDDJHVWmRHPSUHVDULDOGLPLQXLQGRD UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVREUH.ROHWLYRVGHWUDEDOKRHDGLYHUVLGDGHGRVSUR .HVVRVGHWUDEDOKRDHPSUHVDIL.DPDLViJLOSDUDVREUHYLYHUjV.ULVHV H.RQ{PL.DVMiTXHQmRSUH.LVDUiVHGHVID]HUGHDWLYRVPDVVXVSHQGHU .RQWUDWRVHQ.RPHQGDV Ki XPD UHGXomR GH .XVWRV GH PmRGHREUD HQ.DUJRVVR.LDLVHVDOiULRV SRVVLELOLWDXP.RQWUROHPDLRUVREUHRGH VHPSHQKR TXDOLGDGH H .XVWRV GRV SUR.HVVRV TXH IL.DP VRE VXD UHV SRQVDELOLGDGHGHJHVWmRSHUPLWHEXUODUDOHJLVODomRWUDEDOKLVWDMiTXH RV VHUYLoRV WUDQVIHULGRVH[WHUQDOL]DGRV SDUD RXWUDV HPSUHVDV GHL[DP GHVHU.RQVLGHUDGRV.RPREDQ.iULRVHSRUWDQWRQmRWrPGHUHVSHLWDU DMRUQDGDGHVHLVKRUDVGLPLQXLRSRGHUGRVVLQGL.DWRV.RPDSXOYH UL]DomRGDEDVHVLQGL.DOHDUHGXomRGRQ~PHURGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXH .RQVWLWXHPD.DWHJRULDEDQ.iULD 'LHHVH 
A OPINIO DOS TRABALHADORES SOBRE A TERCEIRIZAO

(PSHVTXLVDUH.HQWHMXQWRDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVGDVHPSUHVDVSH WURTXtPL.DVHTXtPL.DVQD%DKLDQDTXDOIRUDPHQWUHYLVWDGRVXPWR WDOGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVGHHPSUHVDVGRVHWRUHQ.RQWUDVHPXLWR EHP H[SUHVVD D RSLQLmR GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV GHVVH VHJPHQWR LQGXVWULDO VREUHRSUR.HVVRDTXLHVWXGDGR3HUJXQWDGRVVHJRVWDULDPGHVHUWHU .HLUL]DGRV  UHVSRQGHUDP TXH QmR DSHQDVUHVSRQGHUDPTXH VLP H RV GHPDLV QmR UHVSRQGHUDP 3DUD D LPHQVD PDLRULD TXH UHV SRQGHXQHJDWLYDPHQWHDVSULQ.LSDLVMXVWLIL.DWLYDVDSUHVHQWDGDVIRUDP DVVHJXLQWHVSDUDDSHUGDGHGLUHLWRVGHEHQHIt.LRVGHUH.RP


5HODWyULR GD 3HVTXLVD &DPSDQKD 6DODULDO  6LQGLFDWR GRV 4XtPLFRV H 3HWUROHL URV H &HQWUR GH 5HFXUVRV +XPDQRV&D
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

122

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

SHQVDHGHVDOiULRVSDUDDLQVWDELOLGDGHHDLQVHJXUDQoDHSDUD IDOWDP.RQGLo}HVGHWUDEDOKRQDVWHU.HLUDV2VGHPDLVHQWUHYLVWD GRVDSUHVHQWDUDPXPDJUDQGHYDULHGDGHGHMXVWLIL.DWLYDVPDVTXHSR GHP VHU .ODVVLIL.DGDV H VLQWHWL]DGDV .RPR UH.XVD j GLV.ULPLQDomR j GHVYDORUL]DomRHjKXPLOKDomR &RPHIHLWRQDIDODGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVp.ODUDDUHIHUrQ.LDjSUH .DUL]DomR GR WUDEDOKRHGRHPSUHJRTXHDWHU.HLUL]DomRSURYR.D$ OpP GD SHUGD GH GLUHLWRV  SRU SRX.RV TXH VHMDP RV GLUHLWRV GH XP .RQWUDWR IRUPDOL]DGR QR %UDVLO  H GD SHUGD PDWHULDOILQDQ.HLUD Ki XPDSHUGDPRUDOjPHGLGDTXHHOHVUH.RQKH.HPQD.RQGLomRGHWHU .HLUL]DGR D SHUGD GH UHVSHLWR SHUGD GH DXWRHVWLPD H p PXLWR VRIULPHQWR 4XDQGR LQWHUURJDGRV VREUH DV UHLYLQGL.Do}HV TXH IRUPXODULDP TXDQWRjWHU.HLUL]DomRUHLYLQGL.DPRILPGDWHU.HLUL]DomRDVXD GLPLQXLomRpUHLYLQGL.DGDSRUVHQGRTXHGRVHQWUHYLVWDGRV VXJHUHPWHU.HLUL]DUVRPHQWHIXQo}HVHVSRUiGL.DV  HVyQDIRUPD GH.RRSHUDWLYDV  3DUDRVGHPDLVTXHSRVVLYHOPHQWH.RQVLGHUDP DWHU.HLUL]DomRLUUHYHUVtYHODVUHLYLQGL.Do}HVVmRHVWHQGHURVGLUHLWRV WUDEDOKLVWDVSDUDWHU.HLURV  ILV.DOL]DomRHIHWLYDGRV.RQWUDWRVGH WHU.HLURV  VDOiULRVLJXDLVSDUDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVWHU.HLUL]DGRV   PDLRU WUHLQDPHQWR H VHJXUDQoD SDUD RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV WHU.HLUL]DGRV   PDLRU TXDOLIL.DomR H .DSD.LWDomR   H DEVRUomR GRV WHU.HLUL]DGRVSHODHPSUHVD  HPDLRULQWHUDomRHQWUHR6LQGL.DWRD RVWHU.HLUL]DGRV   1R.RQMXQWRWRGDVDVUHLYLQGL.Do}HVGHILQLGDVSHORVHQWUHYLVWD GRVH[SUHVVDPDEXV.DSHODVXSHUDomRGDSUH.DUL]DomRGRWUDEDOKRH GRHPSUHJRVHMDSHORILPGDWHU.HLUL]DomRRXSHODVXDOLPLWDomRVHMD SHODUHGHILQLomRGRVYtQ.XORVHGLUHLWRVWUDEDOKLVWDVGRVWHU.HLUL]DGRV

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

123

TERCEIRIZAO E MERCADO DE TRABALHO

1D SHVTXLVD UHDOL]DGD QR LQt.LR GRV DQRV  H QXP WH[WR GD PHVPDpSR.DGDVDXWRUDVDGLV.XVVmRVREUHDUHODomRWHU.HLUL]DomR ; PHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRYLVRXDTXHVWLRQDUGXDVLGpLDVVREUHRWHPDDP SODPHQWHGLVVHPLQDGDVQDPtGLDHQRDPELHQWHHPSUHVDULDOHQmRGH WRGRDXVHQWHVQRPHLRD.DGrPL.R
S

$WHVHRWLPLVWDTXHYLDQDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDLQWHUVHWRULDOGRVHPSUH JRVRSULQ.LSDOLPSD.WRGDWHU.HLUL]DomRVREUHRPHU.DGRGHWUD EDOKRVLPSOHVPHQWHDILUPDYDVHTXHRVHPSUHJRVHOLPLQDGRVQD ,QG~VWULDUHVVXUJLULDPQRV6HUYLoRVVHWRUQRTXDOHVWDULDDPDLRU SDUWHGDVWHU.HLUDV (DWHVHGHXPGHVDVVDODULDPHQWRYLUWXRVRRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVDWLQ JLGRVSHORSUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL]DomRQDGDGHYHULDPWHPHUSRUTXH WHULDPD.KDQ.HGHSDVVDUGHHPSUHJDGRVVXERUGLQDGRVDHPSUH HQGHGRUHVDXW{QRPRV.RPSRVVLELOLGDGHV.RQ.UHWDVGHVX.HVVR

$KLSyWHVHGDSHVTXLVDHUDDGHTXHQRSODQRGRPHU.DGRGH WUDEDOKRRVHIHLWRVGRSUR.HVVRTXHVHLQL.LDYDVHULDPVREUHWXGRR GHVHPSUHJRHDSUH.DUL]DomRGRVYtQ.XORVHGDV.RQGLo}HVGHWUDED OKR(HVVDHUDDSHUVSH.WLYDSRUTXHRPRYLPHQWRTXHGHXRULJHPj WHU.HLUL]DomR DTXDO.RPRYLVWRYLULDDWRUQDUVHDPSODJHUDOHLUUHV WULWD YLVRXVREUHWXGRjUHGXomRGRV.XVWRV.RPrQIDVHQRVVDOiULRV HQ.DUJRVHEHQHIt.LRV(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVDRSomRSRUWHU.HLUL]DUGH YLDVHPHQRVj.RQWULEXLomRTXHHVVHSUR.HVVRSRGHULDWUD]HUHPWHU PRVGHJDQKRVGHTXDOLGDGHGH.RPSHWLWLYLGDGHHGH.RQVWUXomRGH XPWH.LGRH.RQ{PL.RPDLVDEHUWRjJHUDomRHGLVVHPLQDomRGHLQRYD o}HVWH.QROyJL.DVHRUJDQL]D.LRQDLV DWUDYpVGDVLQHUJLDQDUHGHGHSH TXHQDVPpGLDVHJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV HPDLVTXDQGRQmRH[.OXVLYD PHQWHjVXDHIL.i.LD.RPRHVWUDWpJLDSDUDDUHGXomRGH.XVWRV $YDOLDYDVH DLQGD TXH D WHU.HLUL]DomR HQVHMDQGR XPD PDLRU HVSH.LDOL]DomRHIUDJPHQWDomRGRSUR.HVVRSURGXWLYRYLDELOL]DYDXPD


%RUJHV $ 'UXFN * 


CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

124

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

HOHYDomRGDSURGXWLYLGDGHGRWUDEDOKRXPDYH]TXHRUHSDVVHGHDWL YLGDGHV D HPSUHVDV VXE.RQWUDWDGDV SHUPLWLULD D HOLPLQDomR GRV WHP SRVPRUWRVH[LVWHQWHVQDMRUQDGDGDVHTXLSHVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODVDWLYL GDGHVUHSDVVDGDVjVWHU.HLUDVSRLVHVVDV~OWLPDVSRGHULDP.LU.XODUDV VXDVHTXLSHVHQWUHYiULDVHPSUHVDV.RPLVVRLQWHQVLIL.DQGRDVXDMRU QDGD GH WUDEDOKR 2EVHUYDYDVH DLQGD TXH DV WHU.HLUDV WHQGHULDP D HVWDEHOH.HU.RQWUDWRVGHWUDEDOKR.RPGXUDomROLPLWDGDDRWHPSRGH UHDOL]DomRGDWDUHID.RQWUDWDGDHYLWDQGRDRPi[LPRIL.DU.RPWUDED OKDGRUHVHPVWDQGE\(ILQDOPHQWH.RQ.OXLDVHTXHDWHU.HLUL]DomR SRGHULDOHYDUjUHGXomRGRQ~PHURILQDOGHWUDEDOKDGRUHV.RQWUDWDGRV VREUHWXGRVREDIRUPDGHDVVDODULDPHQWR (VVDKLSyWHVHPDLVJHUDODUWL.XODYDVHDGXDVRXWUDVHPSULPHL UROXJDUjKLSyWHVHGHTXHDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDGHPmRGHREUDGDVJUDQ GHVHPSUHVDVSHWURTXtPL.DVSDUDD.DV.DWDGHWHU.HLUDVLPSOL.DQGRD IUDJLOL]DomRGDV.DWHJRULDVGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVPDLVRUJDQL]DGDVH.RP EDWLYDVOHYDULDjH[D.HUEDomRGDGHVLJXDOGDGHGHSRGHUHQWUHRWUDED OKRHR.DSLWDOQRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRUHJLRQDO(TXHGHVVHPRGR HQVHMDULDjVHPSUHVDVDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHHOHYDomRGRJUDXGHH[SORUD omR GD VXD IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR DWUDYpV GD LPSRVLomR GH .RQGLo}HV GH .RQWUDWDomRGHWUDEDOKRHGHVDOiULRV.UHV.HQWHPHQWHSUH.DUL]DGRV $VHJXQGDVXSXQKDTXHVHQGRDUHGXomRGH.XVWRVRSULQ.LSDO PyYHOSDUDDDGRomRGRVQRYRVPRGHORVGHJHVWmR.HQWUDGRVQDWHU .HLUL]DomRHUDPHV.DVVDVDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHTXHDVWHU.HLUDV VXEPH WLGDVDUHODo}HVLQWHUILUPDVPDU.DGDVSRUXPDGLVWULEXLomRPXLWRGHVL JXDOGRSRGHUGHQHJR.LDomR IRVVHP.DSD]HVGHPLQLPDPHQWHDWHQ GHU jV H[SH.WDWLYDV GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV HP WHUPRV VDODULDLV GH .RQGL o}HVGHWUDEDOKRGHMRUQDGDGHVHJXUDQoDQRWUDEDOKRHGHSURWHomR VR.LDO$R.RQWUiULRDYDOLDYDVHTXHD.RPSUHVVmRGRV.XVWRVHVR EUHWXGRGRV.XVWRVGRWUDEDOKRWHQGHULDD.RQVWLWXLUVHQRILR.RQ GXWRUGHWRGDD.DGHLDGHWHU.HLUL]DomRHQRSULQ.LSDOPH.DQLVPRSDUD D HOHYDomR H PHVPR PDQXWHQomR GDV PDUJHQV GH OX.UR ( .RQVH THQWHPHQWH TXH RV SRVWRV GH WUDEDOKR .ULDGRV QDV WHU.HLUDV EHP
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

125

.RPR DV UHODo}HV GH WUDEDOKR Dt HVWDEHOH.LGDV VHULDP HP VXD PDLRU SDUWHPDU.DGRVSHODEDL[DTXDOLGDGHHSHODSUH.DULHGDGHHPWRGRVRV DVSH.WRV 'HVVH PRGR DR .RQWUiULR GRTXHSUHYLDPDOJXPDVDQiOLVHVD SUHVVDGDVGDWHU.HLUL]DomRRHVWXGRGH.RQ.OXLXSLRQHLUDPHQWH TXHHVVHSUR.HVVRQmRVLQDOL]DYDSDUDXPDDPSOLDomRGDVRSRUWXQLGD GHV GH WUDEDOKR DXW{QRPR RX HP SHTXHQRV QHJy.LRV .DSD]HV GH .RPSHQVDU RV .RUWHV GH SHVVRDO QDV HPSUHVDV TXH HVWDYDP WHU.HLUL ]DQGRUDSLGDPHQWHSDUWHGDVVXDVDWLYLGDGHV$RLQYpVGLVVRDVLQ IRUPDo}HV OHYDQWDGDV MXQWR jV HPSUHVDV .RQWUDWDQWHV H .RQWUDWDGDV  .RPSURYDUDPTXHRSUR.HVVRHVWDYDUHVXOWDQGRHPGHVHPSUHJRHHP SUH.DUL]DomR8PDSUH.DUL]DomRSURYR.DGDWDQWRSHODWUDQVIHUrQ.LDGH SDU.HODV .UHV.HQWHV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV SDUD R PHU.DGR GH WUDEDOKR VH .XQGiULRHVSDoRSRUH[.HOrQ.LDGDPDLRUSDUWHGDVWHU.HLUDVHPDU .DGR SHOD D.LUUDGD .RPSHWLomR HQWUH RIHUWDQWHV GH WUDEDOKR  .RPR SHODSHUGDGHTXDOLGDGHGRVHPSUHJRVUHPDQHV.HQWHVQRPHU.DGRGH WUDEDOKR SULPiULR HQRUPHPHQWH ID.LOLWDGD SHODV .RQGLo}HV DGYHUVDV GRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRUHJLRQDOUHIOHWLGDVQRHOHYDGRGHVHPSUHJR 2EVHUYHVH QR HQWDQWR TXH HPERUD QRV SDUHoD .RUUHWR DILU PDUTXDQWRDHVVHSRQWRTXHDVKLSyWHVHVIRUPXODGDVQDSHVTXLVDGR LQt.LR GD Gp.DGD IRUDP ODUJDPHQWH .RQILUPDGDV .RQVWDWRXVH TXH D VXD GHPRQVWUDomR HPStUL.D HQ.RQWUDULD GLIL.XOGDGHV GH.RUUHQWHV GDV OLPLWDo}HVGDVEDVHVGHGDGRVH[LVWHQWHVVREUHRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKR $RVSRX.RVIRLIL.DQGRHYLGHQWHTXHHVVHVGDGRVHUDPLQ.DSD]HVGH YLVXDOL]DU XPD SDU.HOD .UHV.HQWH GR WUDEDOKR PRYLGR QD .DGHLD GH VXE.RQWUDWDomRWRUQDGRLQYLVtYHOSDUDDVHVWDWtVWL.DV.RQYHQ.LRQDLVH TXHDVSHVTXLVDVH[LVWHQWHVQmRIRUDP.RQVWUXtGDVSDUD.DSWDUDVSH. WRV IXQGDPHQWDLV j .RPSUHHQVmR GRV SUR.HVVRV HP .XUVR H VXDV UH SHU.XVV}HVVREUHRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKR $ VHJXLU OHYDQGR HP .RQWD HVVDV OLPLWDo}HV GD EDVH GH GDGRV XWLOL]DGDEXV.DUVHiDYDOLDUD.RQWULEXLomRGRSUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL]D

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

126

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

omRSDUDD.RQILJXUDomRGRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRUHJLRQDOQRILQDOGD Gp.DGD $DQiOLVHGRVGDGRVJOREDLVGRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRGD5HJLmR 0HWURSROLWDQDGH6DOYDGRU 506 PRVWUDTXHGXUDQWHRVDQRVVH UHSURGX]LUDPQHVVDUHJLmRRVPHVPRVSUR.HVVRVREVHUYDGRVQR.RQ MXQWRGRSDtVHHPTXDVHWRGRVRVPHU.DGRVGHWUDEDOKRUHJLRQDLVH OHYDomRH[SRQHQ.LDOGRGHVHPSUHJRDEHUWRDXPHQWRGRV.RQWLQJHQ WHVGHR.XSDGRV.RPYtQ.XORVHPSUHJDWt.LRVSUH.iULRVHR.RUUHVSRQ GHQWHDXPHQWRGDGHVSURWHomRVR.LDO6LPXOWDQHDPHQWHH.RPRSDUWH GHVVDV WUDQVIRUPDo}HV UHJLVWURXVH R DXPHQWR GD SDU.HOD GH R.XSD GRVQDVDWLYLGDGHVGH6HUYLoRVWHU.LDUL]DomRGDH.RQRPLD $HVSH.LIL.LGDGHGD 506SDUH.HHVWDUQDH[D.HUEDomRGHDOJXQV GHVVHV WUDoRV QXP PHU.DGR GH WUDEDOKR RQGH HOHV Mi VmR HVWUXWXUDO PHQWHPDU.DQWHVDVVLPDWD[DGHGHVHPSUHJRDEHUWR DPDLVHOHYDGD GHQWUH WRGDV DV WD[DV PHWURSROLWDQDV  GLVSDUD GH  SDUD  VHJXQGRD 31$'XOWUDSDVVDQGRDPDU.DGRVHQWUHRVMRYHQVGH DDQRVHGHQRJUXSRHWiULRVHJXLQWH DDQRV   (VWD H[D.HUEDomR GR SUR.HVVR GH H[.OXVmR QR PHU.DGR GH WUDEDOKRH[SOL.LWDGDQDHOHYDomRGDVWD[DVGHGHVHPSUHJRIRLD.RP SDQKDGDSHODSUH.DUL]DomRGRVYtQ.XORVHGRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRGRV LQ.OXtGRVSRUHVVHPHU.DGRRVR.XSDGRV'HVVHPRGRHQWUH H  VHJXQGR D 31$' D SURSRUomR GH R.XSDGRV QD SRVLomR GH HPSUHJDGR.DLXGHSDUDVHQGRTXHQDVDWLYLGDGHVGR VHWRUVH.XQGiULR ,QG~VWULDGH7UDQVIRUPDomR&RQVWUXomR&LYLOH2X WUDV $WLYLGDGHV ,QGXVWULDLV  R .RQWLQJHQWH GH HPSUHJDGRV VRIUHX UHGXomRDEVROXWD



3DUD D ! TXH FDSWD DSHQDV R GHVHPSUHJR DEHUWR R DXPHQWR IRL GH  SDUD  HQWUH  H  PpGLDV DQXDLV H SDUD D ! D WD[D GH GHVHPSUHJR WRWDO TXH LQFOXL RV GHVHPSUHJR RFXOWR SRU WUDEDOKR SUHFiULR RX SRU LQDWLYLGDGH DWLQJLD QDGD PHQRV TXH  HP MXOKR GH 
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

127

(P.RQWUDSDUWLGDDXPHQWDUDPDVSDUWL.LSDo}HVGRVR.XSDGRV.R PR7UDEDOKDGRUHVGRPpVWL.RV SUD GH(PSUHJDGRUHV GHSDUD HGH1mRUHPXQHUDGRV GHSDUD  &XULRVDPHQWHHGLIHUHQWHPHQWHGRREVHUYDGRHPRXWUDVUHJL }HVPHWURSROLWDQDVGRSDtVD.DWHJRULDGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVSRU&RQ WD3UySULDPDQWHYHHVWiYHODVXDSDUWL.LSDomRQR.RQMXQWRGRVR.X SDGRVRTXHUHVVDOWDDH[LVWrQ.LDGHOLPLWHVjH[SDQVmRGDVDWLYLGDGHV RUJDQL]DGDVVREDIRUPDGHWUDEDOKRDXW{QRPRRXGHSHTXHQRVQH Jy.LRVIDPLOLDUHVQD506 'HVVHPRGRQD506RSUR.HVVRGHSUH.DUL]DomRGDV.RQGLo}HV GHLQVHUomRQRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRYDLVHGDUPDMRULWDULDPHQWHDWUD YpVGDSUH.DUL]DomRGRHPSUHJR(VVDSRUVXDYH]SRGHDVVXPLUYi ULDVIRUPDVTXHPXLWDVYH]HVVHVREUHS}HP $SULQ.LSDOGHODVWDQWRHPWHUPRVTXDQWLWDWLYRVTXDQWRKLVWy UL.RV pDGHVSURWHomRVR.LDOGRYtQ.XORHPSUHJDWt.LRUHSUHVHQWDGD QDV HVWDWtVWL.DV GR PHU.DGR GH WUDEDOKR SHOD .DWHJRULD (PSUHJDGR VHP .DUWHLUD DVVLQDGD (6&  1RV DQRV  HVVD .DWHJRULD SDVVRX GH GRVR.XSDGRVSDUDHDSDUHQWHPHQWHUHVSRQGHXSRUWR GRRDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRDVVDODULDGRVQRVHWRU SULYDGRGDH.RQRPLDUHJLRQDOXPDYH]TXHRQ~PHURGHHPSUHJDGRV .RP YtQ.XOR SURWHJLGR SHOD &/7 .DLX HP WHUPRV DEVROXWRV (QWUH HR~QL.RWLSRGHYtQ.XORSURWHJLGRTXHVHH[SDQGLXIRLR GH)XQ.LRQiULR3~EOL.RTXH.RPSHQVRXSDUWHGDVSHUGDVGHYtQ.X ORV &/7(PVtQWHVHQRSHUtRGR.RQVLGHUDGRQDGDPHQRVTXH GRWRWDOGHHPSUHJRVJHUDGRVIRUDP6HP&DUWHLUDH.RUUHV SRQGHXYtQ.XORVHVWDWXWiULRVQRVHUYLoRS~EOL.R$VSHUGDVGD.DWHJR ULD(PSUHJDGRV.RP.DUWHLUDDVVLQDGD (&& HTXLYDOHUDPD.HU.DGH GRLQ.UHPHQWRGRHPSUHJRQRSHUtRGRHDGRHVWRTXHGHV VD.DWHJRULDHP



9HU %RUJHV $ )UDQFR $  


CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

128

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

&RPR UHVXOWDGR GHVVH DPSOR PRYLPHQWR GH SUH.DUL]DomR GRV YtQ.XORV HPSUHJDWt.LRV REVHUYRXVH D UHGXomR GRMiHVWUXWXUDOPHQWH EDL[R.RQWLQJHQWHGHR.XSDGRVTXH.RQWULEXHPSDUDLQVWLWXWRGHSUH YLGrQ.LDHTXHHPGH.RUUrQ.LDGHVVD.RQWULEXLomRWrPDVVHJXUDGDDO JXPDSURWHomRVR.LDOSDUDVLHSDUDVHXVIDPLOLDUHVHP.DVRGHYHOKL .HGRHQoDLQYDOLGH]RXPRUWH$VVLPQRWRWDOGHR.XSDGRVRSHU .HQWXDOGH.RQWULEXLQWHV.DLXGHSDUDHQDGDPHQRVTXH GRLQ.UHPHQWRGDR.XSDomRHQWUHH.RQVWLWXLXVHGH R.XSDGRVQmR.RQWULEXLQWHVTXHHVWDUmRDVVLPLQWHLUDPHQWHGHVSUR WHJLGRVQRVPRPHQWRVHPTXHVHWRUQDUHPPDLVYXOQHUiYHLV 4XDQGRREVHUYDPRVR.RPSRUWDPHQWRGHVVHVLQGL.DGRUHVSRU UDPRVGHDWLYLGDGHYHPRVTXHRGHVDVVDODULDPHQWRIRLH[SUHVVLYRQD ,QG~VWULDGH7UDQVIRUPDomRQD&RQVWUXomR&LYLOHQDV$WLYLGDGHV6R .LDLVPDVVREUHWXGRQRV6HUYLoRV$X[LOLDUHVGD$WLYLGDGH(.RQ{ PL.DGHHPSDUDHP7UDWDVHHPWRGRV RV.DVRVGHDWLYLGDGHVIRUWHPHQWHDIHWDGDVSHORSUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL ]DomR $OpPGRGHVDVVDODULDPHQWRWRGRVRVVHWRUHVGHDWLYLGDGH .RP H[.HomR GD 3UHVWDomR GH 6HUYLoRV  VRIUHUDP XPD UHGXomR D.HQWXDGD GRV .RQWLQJHQWHV GH (&& PDLV XPD YH] GHVWD.DQGRVH RV 6HUYLoRV $X[LOLDUHV GD $WLYLGDGH (.RQ{PL.D e LPSRUWDQWH REVHUYDU R TXH D.RQWH.H.RPHVVDVDWLYLGDGHVTXH.RQ.HQWUDPRV6HUYLoRVGH3URGX omRSRUTXHHODV.RQVWLWXHPXPDGDViUHDV.KDYHQRSUR.HVVRGHWHU .HLUL]DomRQHODVHVWDQGR.ODVVLIL.DGDVERDSDUWHGDVWHU.HLUDV (PSULPHLUROXJDUREVHUYHVHTXHHVVH.RQMXQWRGHDWLYLGDGHV DLQGDTXHQmRWHQKDXPSHVRH[SUHVVLYRQDHVWUXWXUDR.XSD.LRQDOGD 506 HPGRWRWDOGHR.XSDGRVGRV(PSUHJDGRVH


6REUHWXGR QRV VHUYLoRV GH VD~GH HQYROYHQGR R PRYLPHQWR TXH WUDQVIRUPD RV PpGLFRV TXH HUDP FHOHWLVWDV RX IXQFLRQiULRV S~EOLFRV HP SUHVWDGRUHV GH VHUYLoR UHPXQHUDGRV SHOR YROXPH GH SURFHGLPHQWRV TXH UHDOL]DP HP VHX FRQVXOWyULR HP FOtQLFDV GH WHUFHLURV PDV VHP UHJLVWUR HP FDUWHLUD RX HP FRRSHUDWLYDV H R GH VDVVDODULDPHQWR GRV SDUDPpGLFRV SULQFLSDOPHQWH R SHVVRDO GH HQIHUPDJHP DWUDYpV GD WUDQVIRUPDomR GH DVVDODULDGRV HP FRRSHUDWLYDGRV
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

129

QRWRWDOGH(&& IRLRTXHDSUHVHQWRXRPDLRULQ.UHPHQWRUHOD WLYRGDR.XSDomR QDGDPHQRVTXH QXPSHUtRGRHPTXHDR.X SDomRWRWDO.UHV.HXDSHQDV 1HVVH VHWRU R SHVR UHODWLYR GRV (PSUHJDGRV .DLX GH  SDUDGRWRWDOGHR.XSDGRVHXPDSDUWHGRVTXHSHUPDQH.HUDP HPSUHJDGRV IRL SUH.DUL]DGD R SHU.HQWXDO GH (&& .DL GH  SDUD HQTXDQWRRGH (6& VREHGHQRLQt.LRGRSHUtRGRDQDOL VDGRSDUDQRVHXILQDO $OpPGLVVRPDLVGDPHWDGHGRDXPHQWRGDR.XSDomRDtREVHU YDGRDVVXPLXDIRUPDGHWUDEDOKRSRU&RQWD3UySULDRXGH(P SUHJDGRURTXHUHIOHWHWDQWRDPXOWLSOL.DomRGHHPSUHVDVGHSUHVWD omRGHVHUYLoRV.RPRDWHQGrQ.LDj.RQWUDWDomRGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVDX W{QRPRV RX .RRSHUDWLYDGRV QRV YiULRV QtYHLV GD .DV.DWD GH VXE .RQWUDWDomR 2EVHUYHVH DLQGD TXH HVVD .UHV.HQWH LPSRUWkQ.LD GD .RQWUDWDomRGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVSRU&RQWD3UySULDR.RUUHWDPEpPQD ,QG~VWULDGH7UDQVIRUPDomRXPSUR.HVVRTXHpD.RQWUDID.HGRGH VDVVDODULDPHQWRD.LPDUHIHULGR &RQVWDWDVHGHVVHPRGRTXHDLQWHQVLGDGHGRLPSD.WRGDWHU .HLUL]DomR VREUH R PHU.DGR GH WUDEDOKR p WmR PDU.DQWH TXH PHVPR QRV GDGRV PXLWRDJUHJDGRVpSRVVtYHOYLVXDOL]DUIHQ{PHQRVTXHOKH VmR WULEXWiULRV DLQGD TXH QDWXUDOPHQWH VHMD GLIt.LO PHQVXUiORV .RP PDLRUH[DWLGmR 8PVHJXQGR.RQMXQWRGHGDGRVSRGHDMXGDUDLGHQWLIL.DUHGL PHQVLRQDUDPDJQLWXGHGRVLPSD.WRVGDWHU.HLUL]DomRQRPHU.DGRGH WUDEDOKRVmRDVLQIRUPDo}HVGD 5$,6.ROHWDGDVHVLVWHPDWL]DGDVSHOR 0LQLVWpULRGR7UDEDOKR(VVHVGDGRVPRVWUDPTXHHQWUHH D,QG~VWULDGH7UDQVIRUPDomRGD 506UHGX]LXHPPLORVHXQ~PH URGHSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRHTXLYDOHQWHVD.HU.DGHGRHVWRTXHH [LVWHQWHQRLQt.LRGRSHUtRGR7DPDQKDGHVWUXLomRGHSRVWRVGHWUDED OKRREYLDPHQWHQmRSRGHVHU.UHGLWDGDWRGDHODDRSUR.HVVRGHWHU .HLUL]DomR p R UHVXOWDGR ILQDO GH XPD UHHVWUXWXUDomR SURGXWLYD TXH WHQGRQDWHU.HLUL]DomRRVHXHL[R.RQVWLWXLXVHQXPDMXVWHGDVHPSUH
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

130

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

VDV D XP .RQWH[WR PD.URH.RQ{PL.R UHYROX.LRQDGR SHOD DEHUWXUD GD H.RQRPLDHPDU.DGRSHODLQ.HUWH]DHSRUWD[DVGH.UHV.LPHQWRPXLWR EDL[DV 2VGDGRVGD 5$,6PRVWUDPDLQGDTXHHPERUDDVDWLYLGDGHV.D WDORJDGDV QRV 6HUYLoRV WHQKDP DSUHVHQWDGR XP .UHV.LPHQWR GR Q~ PHUR GH YDJDV VXSHULRU jV SHUGDV UHJLVWUDGDV QD ,QG~VWULD GH 7UDQV IRUPDomR LVVR QmR GHYH VHU LQWHUSUHWDGR .RPR XPD VLQDOL]DomR GD .DSD.LGDGHGDTXHODVDWLYLGDGHVGH.RPSHQVDURVHIHLWRVGDUHHVWUXWX UDomR SURGXWLYD JDUDQWLQGR D DEVRUomR GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV H[SXOVRV GRVVHWRUHVPDLVDIHWDGRV 3HOR.RQWUiULRDLQGDTXHPXLWRDJUHJDGRVHVVHVGDGRVVXJHUHP TXHDSHQDVXPDSDUWHGRVHPSUHJRVGHVWUXtGRVQD,QG~VWULDGH7UDQV IRUPDomRSDUH.HPHVWDUUHOD.LRQDGRV.RPXPDPHUDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDLQ WHUVHWRULDOSURYR.DGDSHODWHU.HLUL]DomR QR.DVRHPSUHJRVDQWHV.DWD ORJDGRVQD,QGXVWULDHTXHSDVVDUDPDVHU.RPSXWDGRVHPDOJXPDGDV UXEUL.DVGRV6HUYLoRV 1DYHUGDGHHVVHIHQ{PHQRSDUH.HHVWDUD.RQ WH.HQGRGHIRUPDPDLVVLJQLIL.DWLYDHPDSHQDVDOJXQVJUXSRVR.XSD .LRQDLVQRVTXDLVRIH.KDPHQWRGHSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRQD,QG~VWULDp D.RPSDQKDGRGDDPSOLDomRSURSRU.LRQDORXQmRGDVYDJDV.ODVVL IL.DGDV QRV 6HUYLoRV LQGL.DQGR TXH HVVD WUDQVIHUrQ.LD SRGH HVWDU R .RUUHQGR (P RXWURV .DVRVQRHQWDQWRREVHUYDVHXPDUHGXomRGR HVWRTXHGHSRVWRVUHODWLYRVDRJUXSRR.XSD.LRQDOWDPEpPQRV6HUYL oRVRTXHGHYHHVWDUUHIOHWLQGRYiULRVSUR.HVVRVPXGDQoDVWH.QROy JL.DV TXH HOLPLQDP GHILQLWLYDPHQWH GHWHUPLQDGDVR.XSDo}HVRXTXH DVVR.LDGDV D PXGDQoDV GH JHVWmR WUD]HP JDQKRV GH SURGXWLYLGDGH H[SUHVVLYRVOHYDQGRjUHGXomRGRQ~PHURGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVQH.HVVi ULRV H DLQGD .RPR VHUi PRVWUDGR j SUH.DUL]DomR GDV .RQGLo}HV GH H[HU.t.LRGHGHWHUPLQDGDVR.XSDo}HV $VVLPWRPDQGRDSHQDVRVJUXSRVR.XSD.LRQDLVGDLQG~VWULD GH WUDQVIRUPDomR PDLV IRUWHPHQWH DIHWDGRV SHOD UHHVWUXWXUDomR SUR GXWLYDGRVDQRVYrVHTXHSDUDDSHQDVTXDWURGHOHVDVSHUGDVGD LQG~VWULD SRGHP WHU VLGR SDU.LDOPHQWH .RPSHQVDGDV SHOD .ULDomR GH
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

131

QRYDV YDJDV  VREUHWXGR QRV VHUYLoRV  WHQGR .RPR UHVXOWDGR XP VDOGRSRVLWLYRQRSHUtRGR6mRHOHVWUDEDOKDGRUHVQRVVHUYL oRVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVHDVVHPHOKDGRVHWUDEDOKDGRUHVGRVVHUYLoRVGH SURWHomRHVHJXUDQoDGXDVQXPHURVDV.DWHJRULDV.XMDH[SDQVmRHVWi UHOD.LRQDGDjGHPDQGDGHWRGRVRVVHWRUHVH.RQ{PL.RVHQmRDSHQDV j GD ,QG~VWULD Wp.QL.RV GHVHQKLVWDV Wp.QL.RV H DVVHPHOKDGRV XP JUXSRR.XSD.LRQDO.XMRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRSDUH.HPWUDQVIHULUVHGD LQG~VWULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomRGRVVHUYLoRVLQGXVWULDLVHGDVRXWUDVDWLYL GDGHV LQGXVWULDLV SDUD RV VHUYLoRV PXLWR SURYDYHOPHQWH .RPR SDUWH GRSUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL]DomRHILQDOPHQWHHQ.DQDGRUHVVROGDGRUHV .DOGHLUHLURVHW.XPJUXSRR.XSD.LRQDOWtSL.RGRWUDEDOKRLQGXVWULDO H.XMDVSHUGDVQDLQG~VWULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomRIRUDPPDLVGRTXH.RP SHQVDGDVSHODVXDH[SDQVmRQD.RQVWUXomR.LYLOHQRVVHUYLoRVSURYD YHOPHQWH WDPEpP UHOD.LRQDGDV .RP D WUDQVIHUrQ.LD LQWHUVHWRULDO YLD WHU.HLUL]DomR 1RV RXWURV VHLV JUXSRV R.XSD.LRQDLV GD LQG~VWULD GH WUDQVIRU PDomRGD506PDLVDWLQJLGRVSHODUHHVWUXWXUDomRSURGXWLYDRHVWRTXH GH YDJDV QRV VHUYLoRV WDPEpP GH.OLQD RX QD PHOKRU GDV KLSyWHVHV PDQWpPVH HVWiYHO DR ORQJR GRV  DQRV .RQVLGHUDGRV UHVXOWDQGR QXPDUHGXomRDEVROXWDGRQ~PHURGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVQHOHVLQVHULGRV 'HVVHVVHLVJUXSRV.LQ.RVmRIRUPDGRVSRUR.XSDo}HVWLSL.D PHQWHDVVR.LDGDVDRWUDEDOKRLQGXVWULDO.XMDUHGXomRWDO.RPRQRV.D VRV DQWHULRUPHQWH .RPHQWDGRV SRGH HVWDU UHOD.LRQDGD WDQWR D PX GDQoDVWH.QROyJL.DVHGHJHVWmR.RPRDSUH.DUL]DomRGDVUHODo}HVGH WUDEDOKR 1HVVH .DVR D UHGXomR GR Q~PHUR GH SRVWRV GH WUDEDOKR QHVVH JUXSR R.XSD.LRQDO QmR HVWDULD UHIOHWLQGR QH.HVVDULDPHQWH D GHVWUXLomR GDV R.XSDo}HV QHOH LQ.OXtGDV PDV DSHQDV WRUQDQGR HVVHV SRVWRV LQYLVtYHLV SDUD DV HVWDWtVWL.DV TXH .DSWDP DSHQDV RV YtQ.XORV GLWRVIRUPDLVQDPHGLGDHPTXHQD.DGHLDGHWHU.HLUL]DomRIRUDP LQIRUPDOL]DGRVHRXWUDQVIRUPDUDPVHHPR.XSDo}HVH[HU.LGDVVRE DIRUPDGHWUDEDOKRDXW{QRPR SUHVWDGRUHVGHVHUYLoR 

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

132

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

&RP HIHLWR R HVWXGR UHDOL]DGR QR LQt.LR GD Gp.DGD MXQWR jV HPSUHVDV .RQWUDWDGDV GDV LQG~VWULDV SHWURTXtPL.DV Mi HYLGHQ.LDYD D YR.DomRQDWXUDOGHVVDVHPSUHVDVDRGHV.XPSULPHQWRGDOHJLVODomR WUDEDOKLVWDHGDVQRUPDVPDLVHOHPHQWDUHVGHVHJXUDQoDQRWUDEDOKR EHP.RPRjXWLOL]DomRHPODUJDHV.DODGRV.RQWUDWRVGHSUHVWDomR GHVHUYLoR$SHVTXLVDGHSRUVXDYH]PRVWUDTXHHVVDSUiWL.D JHQHUDOL]RXVHWRUQRXVHQRUPDOHOHYRXDTXHGDVHPSUHVDV .RQWUDWDQWHV UHVSRQGHVVHP D SUR.HVVRV QD -XVWLoD GR 7UDEDOKR QRV TXDLVVmR.KDPDGRVDDVVXPLUHPDVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVWUDEDOKLVWDVGDV VXDVWHU.HLUDV $GHPDLVDRORQJRGDGp.DGDQRYRVPH.DQLVPRVGHSUH.DUL]D omRGHYtQ.XORVGHEXUODGDOHJLVODomRHGHR.XOWDPHQWRGRWUDEDOKR HIHWLYDPHQWH.RQWUDWDGRIRUDPGHVHQYROYLGRVHDSHUIHLoRDGRVVHQGR RPDLVGHVWD.DGRGHOHVRXVRLQGHYLGRGDILJXUDMXUtGL.DGD.RRSHUD WLYDMiUHIHULGD 2RXWURJUXSRR.XSD.LRQDODGHVWD.DUpRIRUPDGRSHORVWUDED OKDGRUHV EUDoDLV QmR .ODVVLIL.DGRV R TXH DSUHVHQWRX R PDLRU .RUWH GH YDJDVQDLQG~VWULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomRHTXHIRLWDPEpPIRUWHPHQWHDIHWDGR HPRXWURVVHWRUHVGHDWLYLGDGH1HOHHVWmRLQ.OXtGRVR.XSDo}HVTXHUSHU GHUDPHVSDoR.RPDVPXGDQoDVWH.QROyJL.DVPDVVREUHWXGRR.XSDo}HV UHOD.LRQDGDV.RPWDUHIDVDWLYLGDGHVWHU.HLUL]DGDV &HUWDPHQWH IRL XPD GDV SDU.HODV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV PDLV IRUWH PHQWHDWLQJLGDVSHODSUH.DUL]DomRGRVYtQ.XORVHPSUHJDWt.LRVDWUDYpV GDVXDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDGDVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV GHWRGRVRVVHWRUHV SDUD DVWHU.HLUDV(TXHSRULVVRPHVPRWDOYH]GHYDPVHUWRPDGRV.RPR XP GRV H[HPSORV HPEOHPiWL.RV GR WUDEDOKR TXHDWHU.HLUL]DomRWRU QRXLQYLVtYHO 4XDQWRDHVVHSRQWRYDOHUHVVDOWDUPDLVXPDYH]TXHDWHU.HL UL]DomR .RQVWLWXLXVH QR SULQ.LSDO PH.DQLVPR GH LQIRUPDOL]DomR GD .RQWUDWDomRGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXH.RPS}HPDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRGDV HPSUHVDVIRUPDLVSRLVDWUDYpVGHODHVVHVWUDEDOKDGRUHVVmRUHWLUD GRVGRTXDGURGHSHVVRDOGHVVDVHPSUHVDV RQGHWLQKDPYtQ.XORIRU
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

133

PDO  H WUDQVIHULGRV SDUD R TXDGUR GH SHVVRDO RX GH SUHVWDGRUHV GH VHUYLoRV GHHPSUHVDVPHQRUHVRQGHDIRUPDOL]DomRGRYtQ.XORHP SUHJDWt.LRQmRpJDUDQWLGDVHQGRR.RQWUiULRRPDLVSURYiYHO2TXH QRVOHYDDGLV.XWLURRXWURHIHLWRGDWHU.HLUL]DomRVREUHRPHU.DGRGH WUDEDOKRUHJLRQDODVXDHQRUPH.RQWULEXLomRjSHUGDGHTXDOLGDGHGRV SRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRIRUPDLV (VVD .RQWULEXLomR SRGH VHU DERUGDGD GH YiULRV kQJXORV PDV GRLVGHOHVVmRPDLVHYLGHQWHV 3ULPHLUDPHQWHWDO.RPRSUHYLVWRQRVHVWXGRVGRLQt.LRGRVDQRV DWHU.HLUL]DomR.RQWULEXLXLQGLUHWDPHQWHSDUDHVVDSUH.DUL]DomRjPH GLGDTXHVH.RQVWLWXLXQXPGRVSULQ.LSDLVPH.DQLVPRVUHVSRQViYHLVSHOR DXPHQWRGDGHVLJXDOGDGHGHSRGHUHQWUHR.DSLWDOHRWUDEDOKRQRPHU .DGR GH WUDEDOKR UHJLRQDO QRV DQRV  ( IRL H[DWDPHQWH D DPSOLDomR GHVVDGHVLJXDOGDGHTXHSHUPLWLXjVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV.RQWUDWDQWHVUHGX ]LUjVYH]HVGUDVWL.DPHQWHDTXDOLGDGHGRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRUHPDQHV .HQWHVHPWHUPRVGHVDOiULRVEHQHIt.LRVLQWHQVLGDGHGDMRUQDGDHGHSRV VLELOLGDGHVHVWDELOL]DomRGRVYtQ.XORVHGH.DUUHLUDSURILVVLRQDO 'H XPD RXWUD SHUVSH.WLYD p D SUySULD WHU.HLUL]DomR TXH SRGH VHUOLGD.RPRVLQ{QLPRGHSUH.DUL]DomR&RPRpVDELGRDTXDOLGDGH GRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRHVWiGLUHWDPHQWHDVVR.LDGDDRWLSRGHHPSUHVD RVPHOKRUHVWHQGHPDHVWDU.RQ.HQWUDGRVQDVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV OR.XV SRUH[.HOrQ.LDGRHPSUHJRIRUGLVWD VREUHWXGRQR.DVREUDVLOHLUR RQGHHVVHSDGUmRHVWHYHVHPSUHOLPLWDGRjVPXOWLQD.LRQDLVjVHVWDWDLV HDDOJXPDVSRX.DVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDVQD.LRQDLV 2UD D YDQWDJHP GD WHU.HLUL]DomR SDUD DV HPSUHVDV HVWi H[DWD PHQWHQDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHHOLPLQDUHVVHVSRVWRVWUDQVIHULQGRRPDLRU Q~PHUR SRVVtYHO GHOHV PDV QmR QH.HVVDULDPHQWH RV PHVPRV WUDED OKDGRUHV GDVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDVSDUDHPSUHVDVPHQRUHV.XMRVUHWRU QRVHPWHUPRVGHVDOiULRVEHQHIt.LRVH.DUUHLUDPHVPRQR.DVRGRV YtQ.XORV IRUPDOL]DGRV  VmR KLVWRUL.DPHQWH PHQRUHV TXDQGR QmR PXLWRPHQRUHV$GL.LRQDOPHQWH.RQWDVH.RPDVYDQWDJHQVDGYLQGDV GDPDLRUID.LOLGDGHGHEXUODUDOHLHQ.RQWUDGDVSRUHVVDVHPSUHVDVSH
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

134

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

ORVHXPDLRUQ~PHURHSHODVXDPHQRUYLVLELOLGDGHSDUDRVyUJmRVILV .DOL]DGRUHVHSDUDRVVLQGL.DWRV 2VGDGRVGD 5$,6.ODVVLIL.DGRVSRUWDPDQKRGHHPSUHVDVHJXQ GRRQ~PHURGHHPSUHJDGRV.RPWRGDVDVOLPLWDo}HVGHVVH.ULWpULR SDUD PHGLU R WDPDQKR GD HPSUHVD  VmR VXIL.LHQWHV SDUD PRVWUDU D PDJQLWXGHGHVVDWUDQVIHUrQ.LDTXHLPSOL.DSHUGDVSDUDRVWUDEDOKDGR UHV (QWUH  H  R Q~PHUR GH HPSUHJRV GH.ODUDGRV SHODV HPSUHVDV.RPHPSUHJDGRVRXPDLVVRIUHXUHGXomRDEVROXWDOH YDQGRjTXHGDGDSDUWL.LSDomRGHVVHJUXSRGHHPSUHVDVQRHPSUHJR WRWDOGHSDUD(P.RQWUDSDUWLGDDSDUWL.LSDomRGDVHP SUHVDVPHQRUHVQRHVWRTXHGHHPSUHJRVIRUPDLV.UHV.HVLJQLIL.DWLYD PHQWH SULQ.LSDOPHQWH QR .DVR GDV PXLWR SHTXHQDV .RP PHQRV GH HPSUHJDGRV .XMRSHU.HQWXDOVREHGHSDUD(VVHIH Q{PHQR R.RUUH HP TXDVH WRGRV RV VHWRUHV PDV p PDLV LQWHQVR QD .RQVWUXomR.LYLOHQDLQG~VWULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomR1HVVH~OWLPRVHWRUD SDUWL.LSDomRGDVHPSUHVDV.RPRXPDLVHPSUHJDGRVQRHPSUHJR WRWDO.DLGHSDUDHPDQRVHDVHPSUHVDVQDIDL[DGH  RX PDLV HPSUHJDGRV UHGX]HP R VHX SHU.HQWXDO GH  HP SDUDH[tJXRVHP (PERUD HVVHV GDGRV UHIOLWDP WDPEpP D PXOWLSOL.DomR GH SH TXHQRV QHJy.LRV QmR LQVHULGRV QD .DGHLD GH VXE.RQWUDWDomR .HUWD PHQWH HOHV VmR HP ERD PHGLGD UHVXOWDGR GHVVH SUR.HVVRSULQ.LSDO PHQWHHPDOJXQVVHWRUHVDWLYLGDGHV.RPRpR.DVRGDSUySULDLQG~V WULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomRHGRVVHUYLoRVDX[LOLDUHVGDDWLYLGDGHH.RQ{PL .DDQWHULRUPHQWHUHIHULGRV )LQDOPHQWHD.RPSDUDomRGRVSHUILVPpGLRVGRVSRVWRVGHWUDED OKR H[LVWHQWHV QDV HPSUHVDV PHQRUHV .RP DTXHOHV UHPDQHV.HQWHV QDV JUDQGHVHPSUHVDVpLOXVWUDWLYDGDVSHUGDVVRIULGDVSHORVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXH IRUDP GHVOR.DGRV GDV JUDQGHV SDUD DV SHTXHQDV HPSUHVDV DVVLP .RPR GDV SHUGDV D.XPXODGDV SHORV WUDEDOKDGRUHV TXH SHUPDQH.HUDP QDV HP SUHVDVPDLRUHV
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

135

1R SULPHLUR .DVR DV LQIRUPDo}HV VREUH VDOiULRV PpGLRV SRU WDPDQKRGRHVWDEHOH.LPHQWRPRVWUDPDH[SUHVVLYDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHRV QtYHLVVDODULDLVYLJHQWHVQRVGRLVJUXSRVGHHPSUHVDVHPTXDQGR RSUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL]DomRpGHIODJUDGR RXD.LUUDGR QD 506SDUDR WRWDO GRV YtQ.XORV D UHPXQHUDomR PpGLD .RUUHVSRQGLD D  VDOiULR PtQLPR QDV HPSUHVDV .RP DWp  HPSUHJDGRV H D  QDV HPSUHVDV .RP  RXPDLVHPSUHJDGRVMiQDLQG~VWULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomRDV UHPXQHUDo}HVYLJHQWHVQHVVHVGRLVWLSRVGHHVWDEHOH.LPHQWRHUDPGH UHVSH.WLYDPHQWHHVDOiULRVPtQLPRV 1RVHJXQGR.DVRDSHUGDGHTXDOLGDGHGRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKR UHPDQHV.HQWHV QDV JUDQGHV HPSUHVDV IL.D HYLGHQ.LDGD QD DQiOLVH GRV VDOiULRVPpGLRVSRUWDPDQKRGRHVWDEHOH.LPHQWRHWHPSRGHVHUYLoR HPERUD DV GLIHUHQoDV VDODULDLV HQWUH JUDQGHV H SHTXHQDVHPSUHVDVVH PDQWHQKDP HODV VRIUHUDP XPD UHGXomRLPSRUWDQWHDRORQJRGDGp .DGDGHUHGXomRHVVD.DXVDGDVREUHWXGRSHODTXHGDQRVVDOiULRV PpGLRV SDJRV DRV HPSUHJDGRV GDV JUDQGHV HPSUHVDV $OpP GLVVR D SHUGDGDTXDOLGDGHQRHPSUHJRDSDUH.HQDUHGXomRGDVSRVVLELOLGDGHV GHJDQKRVVDODULDLV.RPRWHPSRGHVHUYLoRHYLGHQ.LDGDQD.RPSDUD omR GRV VDOiULRV PpGLRV SDJRV DRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV UH.pP.RQWUDWDGRV PHQRVGHPHVHVGHVHUYLoR HRVPDLVDQWLJRV DQRVRXPDLV D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH D UHPXQHUDomR LQL.LDO H D UHPXQHUDomR DSyVDQRV GH VHUYLoR VRIUH UHGXomR .RQVLGHUiYHO WDQWR QRV JUDQGHV .RPR QRV SHTXHQRVHVWDEHOH.LPHQWRVPDVHVVDIRLPDLVD.HQWXDGDQRVHVWDEHOH .LPHQWRV .RP  HPSUHJDGRV RX PDLV LQGL.DQGR D UHGXomR GDV .KDQ.HV GH VHJXLU XPD.DUUHLUDQDHPSUHVDHRXRHPSREUH.LPHQWR GD.DUUHLUDSRVVtYHO 2V GDGRV VXJHUHP SRUWDQWR TXH QRV DQRV  R PHU.DGR GH WUDEDOKRGD 506IRLQHJDWLYDPHQWHDIHWDGRSHORSUR.HVVRGHWHU.HLUL ]DomR H TXH HVVH LPSD.WR DSDUH.H HP GRLV PRYLPHQWRV XP TXH WUDQVIHUHWUDEDOKDGRUHVGDVJUDQGHVSDUDDVSHTXHQDVHPSUHVDVRXSD UDDLQIRUPDOLGDGHHTXHpD.RPSDQKDGRGHXPDHOHYDomRGRGHVHP SUHJRHRXWURTXHOHYDjGHWHULRUDomRGRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRUHVWDQ
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

136

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

WHVQDVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDV(VVHVHJXQGRPRYLPHQWRpHPJUDQGHSDU WH WULEXWiULR GR SULPHLUR QD PHGLGD HP TXH IRL D GHWHULRUDomR GDV .RQGLo}HVGRPHU.DGRGHWUDEDOKRSRUHOHSURYR.DGDTXHWRUQRXSRV VtYHOjVJUDQGHVHPSUHVDVTXHEUDUDUHVLVWrQ.LDGRVVHXVWUDEDOKDGRUHV HGRVVHXVUHVSH.WLYRVVLQGL.DWRVLPSRQGROKHVXPDUiSLGDGHWHULRUD omRGDTXDOLGDGHGRVHPSUHJRVQRQ~.OHRGXURGRPHU.DGRGHWUDED OKR UHJLRQDO D TXDO SRU VXD YH] UHSHU.XWH QHJDWLYDPHQWH VREUH R .RQMXQWR GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV UHIRUoDQGR DV VXDV WHQGrQ.LDV PDLV UH JUHVVLYDVQRTXHWDQJHjLQ.OXVmRHjSURWHomRVR.LDO
CONSIDERAES FINAIS

2EDODQoRGDWHU.HLUL]DomRQHVWD~OWLPDGp.DGDUHYHODGRSHOR .RQMXQWR GH LQIRUPDo}HV DTXL DQDOLVDGDV p XPD GDV H[SUHVV}HV PDLV VLJQLIL.DWLYDVGRSUR.HVVRGHIOH[LELOL]DomRGRWUDEDOKRHGHVXD.RQ VHTrQ.LD SULQ.LSDO D SUH.DUL]DomR 6mR KRPHQV H PXOKHUHV TXH YLYHPGRWUDEDOKRHTXHVHWRUQDP.DGDYH]PDLVGHV.DUWiYHLVIOH[t YHLV DGDSWiYHLV RXMRJDGRVDXPD.RQGLomRGHVXEHPSUHJR$WHU .HLUL]DomRVHJHQHUDOL]RXGLIXQGLQGRVHSDUDWRGRRWLSRGHDWLYLGDGH H OHYRX .RQVLJR .RPRPDU.DIXQGDPHQWDODSHUGDGHGLUHLWRVD LQVWDELOLGDGHDLQVHJXUDQoDGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV'HD.RUGR.RP%RXU GLHX  $SUH.DULHGDGHHVWiKRMHSRUWRGDDSDUWHHDIOH[LEL OLGDGH p XPD HVWUDWpJLD GH SUH.DUL]DomR LQVSLUDGD SRU UD]}HV H.R Q{PL.DV H SROtWL.DV H SURGXWR GH XPD YRQWDGH SROtWL.D H QmR GH XPDIDWDOLGDGHH.RQ{PL.DTXHVHULDGDGDSHODPXQGLDOL]DomR $VVLPHVVHDXWRUDILUPD



7tWXOR GR WH[WR SXEOLFDGR HP &RQWUDJRV WtWXOR RULJLQDO 43970

IHX[ SURS{V SRXU

VHUYLU j OD UHVLVWDQFH FRQWUH O LQYDVLRQ QpROLEpUDOH WDPEpP SXEOLFDGD HP  HP 3DULV TXH UH~QH XP FRQMXQWR GH WH[WRV DUWLJRV SDOHVWUDV FRPXQLFDo}HV HODERUDGRV SRU %RXUGLHX QRV ~OWLPRV DQRV TXH WrP SRU REMHWLYR GHQXQFLDU FRQWUDSRUVH H UHVLVWLU jV LGpLDV SUiWLFDV H DR IODJHOR QHROLEHUDO H GH URPSHU D DSDUrQFLD GH XQDQLPLGDGH TXH FRQVWLWXL R HVVHQFLDO GD IRUoD VLPEyOLFD GR GLVFXUVR GRPLQDQ WH S

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

137

SUHFDULHGDGH

VH LQVFUHYH QXP

PRGR GH GRPLQDomR

GH WLSR QRYR IXQGDGR

QD LQVWLWXLomR GH XPD VLWXDomR JHQHUDOL]DGD H SHUPDQHQWH GH LQVHJXUDQoD YL VDQGR REULJDU RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV j VXEPLVVmR j DFHLWDomR GD H[SORUDomR $SH VDU GH VHXV HIHLWRV VH DVVHPHOKDUHP PXLWR SRXFR DR FDSLWDOLVPR VHOYDJHP GDV RULJHQV HVVH PRGR GH GRPLQDomR p DEVROXWDPHQWH VHP SUHFHGHQWHV PR WLYDQGR DOJXpP D SURSRU DTXL R FRQFHLWR DR PHVPR WHPSR PXLWR SHUWLQHQWH H PXLWR H[SUHVVLYR GH

IOH[SORUDomR (VVD SDODYUD HYRFD EHP HVVD JHVWmR LU


TXH LQVWDXUDQGR VREUHWXGR DWUDYpV GD PDQLSXODomR

UDFLRQDO GD LQVHJXUDQoD

RUTXHVWUDGD GR HVSDoR GD SURGXomR D FRQFRUUrQFLD HQWUH RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV GRV SDtVHV FRP FRQTXLVWDV VRFLDLV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV FRP UHVLVWrQFLDV VLQGL FDLV PDLV EHP RUJDQL]DGDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV OLJDGDV D XP WHUULWyULR H D XPD KLVWyULD QDFLRQDLV H RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV GRV SDtVHV PHQRV DYDQoDGRV VRFLDO PHQWH DFDED SRU TXHEUDU DV UHVLVWrQFLDV H REWpP D REHGLrQFLD H D VXEPLVVmR SRU PHFDQLVPRV DSDUHQWHPHQWH QDWXUDLV TXH VmR SRU VL PHVPRV VXD SUySULD MXVWLILFDomR %RXUGLHX  S  JULIRV QRVVRV 

3DUD%RXUGLHXDHPSUHVDIOH[tYHO.ULDHSUHVHUYDXPDJHVWmRGR WUDEDOKRVXVWHQWDGDQDLQVHJXUDQoDRXVHMDQXPDSHUPDQHQWHPREL OLGDGHGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHYLYHPQXPDVLWXDomRGHULV.RGHSHU GHURHPSUHJRGHVHUWHU.HLUL]DGRGHVHUWUDQVIHULGRRXVHMDQXPD LQVHUomRSURILVVLRQDOLQVWiYHOTXHOKHH[LJHDGDSWDELOLGDGHDJLOLGDGHH IOH[LELOLGDGH eQHVVDPHVPDOyJL.DTXH&DVWHO  DQDOLVDDSHUGDGHLQ VHUomRRXGHXPD.RQGLomRGHDVVDODULDGRDSDUWLUGD.ULVHGRIRU GLVPR RX GD VR.LHGDGH VDODULDO  LQGL.DQGR TXH D SUH.DUL]DomR GR HPSUHJRHGRGHVHPSUHJRVHLQVHUHQDGLQkPL.DGRSUR.HVVRGHPR GHUQL]DomRHP.XUVRRQGHDUHHVWUXWXUDomRLQGXVWULDOHGDVHPSUHVDV WHP.RPRHOHPHQWRIXQGDPHQWDODIOH[LELOLGDGH$VVLPDVHPSUHVDV YrPDGRWDQGRDIOH[LELOLGDGHLQWHUQDDWUDYpVGDSROLYDOrQ.LDTXHH [LJHXPRSHUiULRUiSLGRiJLOHIOH[tYHOHP.RQGLo}HVSDUDDWHQGHUjV IOXWXDo}HV GD GHPDQGD  H D IOH[LELOLGDGH H[WHUQD  DWUDYpV GD VXE .RQWUDWDomR RXWHU.HLUL]DomR 3DUDRDXWRUKiXPSUR.HVVRGHGHVHV WDELOL]DomRGRVHVWiYHLVGHLQVWDODomRQDSUH.DULHGDGHHGH.RQVWLWXLomRGH XPGpIL.LWGHOXJDUHVQDHVWUXWXUDVR.LDOMiTXHKRPHQVHPXOKHUHV R.XSDPXPDSRVLomRGHVXSUDQXPHUiULRVRXGHLQ~WHLVSDUDRPXQGR $ SHUGD GR HPSUHJR RX D SHUGD GH XPD LQVHUomR HVWiYHO QR HPSUHJR.ULDXPD.RQGLomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDHXPPRGRGHYLGDHGH
CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

138

TERCEIRIZAO: BALANO DE UMA DCADA

WUDEDOKRSUH.iULRVQRVSODQRREMHWLYRHVXEMHWLYROHYDQGRjUXSWXUD GRVODoRVHGRVYtQ.XORVWRUQDQGRRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVYXOQHUiYHLVH.R OR.DQGRRVQXPD.RQGLomRVR.LDOIUDJLOL]DGDPDLVH[SRVWRVjGHVILOLD omRVR.LDO $Gp.DGDGHIRLSRUWDQWRXPSHUtRGRHPTXHRPXQGRGRWUD EDOKRIRLWUDQVIRUPDGRHWUDQVIRUPRXDYLGDGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVUHIRUoDQ GRDSUH.DUL]DomRHPWRGRVRVVHXVVHQWLGRV0XLWRVGHVDILRVQRSODQR SUiWL.RHQRSODQRWHyUL.RIRUDP.ULDGRV7UDWDVHGDTXLSUDIUHQWHGH HQIUHQWiORV EXV.DQGR D VLVWHPDWL]DomR GDV H[SHULrQ.LDV QD SHUVSH.WLYD GHVXSHUDomRGHXPDOyJL.DGR.DSLWDOTXHQmRVyMiGHPRQVWURXDVXDLQ .DSD.LGDGH GH UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV HOHPHQWDUHV GD VR.LHGDGH PRGHUQD .RPRUH.ULRXYHOKRVSUREOHPDVDH[HPSORGDVIRUPDVSUH.iULDVGHHP SUHJRHGHWUDEDOKRGRGHVHPSUHJRHGHWRGRVRVSUR.HVVRVGHSHUYHUVmR VR.LDOUHVXOWDQWHVGD.RPELQDomRGHVVHVWUrVJUDQGHVPRYLPHQWRVDUHHV WUXWXUDomRSURGXWLYDDDSOL.DomRGHSROtWL.DVGH.XQKRQHROLEHUDOHDJOR EDOL]DomR
5HFHELGR SDUD SXEOLFDomR HP MXOKR GH  $FHLWR HP DJRVWR

REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
%25*(6 $ 2 FDSLWDO H D PmR LQYLVtYHO GR WUDEDOKR
S MXOGH] 

&DGHUQR &5+

 6DOYDGRU Q

%25*(6 $ '58&. * &ULVH JOREDO WHUFHLUL]DomR H D H[FOXVmR QR PXQGR GR WUDED


OKR

&DGHUQR &5+

 6DOYDGRU Q 

%25*(6 $ )5$1&2 $ 0XGDQoDV GH JHVWmR SDUD DOpP GRV PXURV GD IiEULFD ,Q )5$1&2 7 2UJ 

7UDEDOKR ULVFRV LQGXVWULDLV H PHLR DPELHQWH


('8)%$ 

UXPR DR GHVHQYRO

YLPHQWR VXVWHQWiYHO" 6DOYDGRU

%25*(6 $ )5$1&2 $ (FRQRPLD LQIRUPDO GD 506 YHUGDGHV H PLWRV

QiOLVH 'DGRV

%DKLD $

 6DOYDGRU Y  Q  

%285',(8 3 $ 3UHFDULHGDGH HVWi KRMH SRU WRGD SDUWH ,Q &2175$)2*26 5LR
GH -DQHLUR -RUJH =DKDU  S 

&$67(/ 5 $V PHWDPRUIRVHV GD TXHVWmR VRFLDO 5LR GH -DQHLUR 9R]HV  ',((6( (92/8d2 '2 (035(*2 %$1&5,2 1$ &,'$'( '( 62 3$8/2  $ 
6

'58&. * &DPSDQKD VDODULDO 


URV&5+

2 3$8/2 -8/ 

8)%D

 6DOYDGRU 6LQGLFDWR GRV 4XtPLFRV H 3HWUROHL

  5HODWyULR GD SHVTXLVD  PLPHR

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Graa Druck, ngela Borges

139

'58&. * $ UHHVWUXWXUDomR SURGXWLYD H RV LPSDFWRV VREUH R WUDEDOKR H R HPSUHJR EDQFiULR  &13 '58&. * 7HUFHLUL]DomR
 6DOYDGRU T  5HODWyULR GH 3HVTXLVD PLPHR  'HV IRUGL]DQGR D IiEULFD XP HVWXGR GR &RPSOH[R

'58&. *UDoD )5$1&2 7kQLD %25*(6 QJHOD )5$1&2 QJHOD 7HUFHLUL]D omR UHODo}HV GH WUDEDOKR H VD~GH 6DOYDGRU 07 318''57%D&5+8)%D  )5$1&2 HW DO 0XGDQoDV GH JHVWmR SUHFDUL]DomR GR WUDEDOKR H ULVFRV LQGXVWULDLV
&DGHUQR &5+ 6DOYDGRU Q MXOGH]  *$=(7$ 0(5&$17,/ 7HUFHLUL]DomR QD %DKLD  3HVTXLVD

3HWURTXtPLFR GD %DKLD63 6DOYDGRU %RLWHP

SR(GXIED 

CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 111-139, jul./dez. 2002

Você também pode gostar