HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1202

(Inverse Trigonometric Functions)

Classroom Discussion Exercise
1.

(b)

sin

sin and
,
5
5
5 2 2

1
cos 1sin sin1
2
2

sin1 sin
.
5 5

2.

(b)

= cos 1sin
2 6

A = cot1x cotA = x
x

cot A =

1
A

1 x2
3
cos3A = 4cos A 3cosA

x
= 4.

x2

cos 1 cos

1 x 2

x
3

x2

8.

(b)

6 6

25 1
12

cot cot1
cot Cot1
2 5
5
4
4

12
1
17
5

12
7
1
5

1.

x 3x
3

1 x 1 x
2

3.

(b)

9.

3
3

sin-1
= -sin-1

2
2
3

3
cos sin
= cos
2

5
3

3 2

4.

(c)

1
1
1
.
tan 1 tan 1 sin1
2
2
5

5.

(c)

cos

(c)

sin1 3

2
3

Also tan

tan tan tan

4
4
4

10. (c)

sin-1x + cos-1x =
cos-1x =

= tan-1

12. (a)

sin1

1
cos-1sin sin1
2
2

4
23

= sin-1 1

27
27

1
= 3.sin1
3

1
0
2

2x2 1 = 0

(a)

2 5
10

3
1
1
= sin1 3. 4.
3
3

7.

1 ,
1
= tan-1 , so that
18
3
cot = 18, Cot = 3 giving the equation as
x2 21x +54 = 0

11. (a)

1
sin tan 1 tan
sin

4

4
2

Required equation is x 2

5
sec 1
4

sin
sin 4 sin 4 sin 4
4

cos sin1 sin

cos
4
4

In the above right angled triangle

3
C tan1
4

Cos Cos
6
6
6
2

3
sin-1
2

6.

(d)

13. (b)

1
23
1
. sin1
sin1 .
3
27
3

1
tan sin1

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1
tan sin 1
3

sin

x2 x 2 0

(x 2) (x + 1) = 0

1
1
tan 1
3
8

1
1

tan sin1
3

14. (b)

x=y=z=13

15. (c)

2sin1 x =

x = 2 or 1

x = 2 as x = 1 is not admissible.
8

18. (c)

6
=1
3

3 x tan sin1 x

sin11 x cos11 x
2
1 x = cos (2 sin1x)
= cos (2 sin1x)
= 1 2 sin2(sin1x)
= 1 2x2
1
2x2 x = 0 x = 0 or
2
1
x=
does not satisfy the equation
2
x = 0 is the solution.

x
2 x2

1 x 2

19. (b)
1

Put = tan1x cos =

1 x2

1
sin cot 1 cos tan 1 x sincot 1

x2

= sin tan 1 1 x 2

1 x2

L.H.S = sin sin1

2 x2

Since tan1 1 x 2 sin1

1 x2

2 x2

20. (b)

We know that
sin-1x + sin-1y =

sin1 x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2

x 1 y2 y 1 x2 1

21. (b)

Given tan-1 2a tan-1b + tan-1b tan-12c =

tan12a tan12c

2a 2c
tan1

1 4ac 4
2a 2c = 1+ 4ac
1
4
1

2c 1 c a
3
6
6

1
1
tan 1 tan 1
= 4
x
x 1

1
1

x
x
1 =
tan
1 4
1

x x 1

x 2 x 1 2x 1

1
3

cot 1 x cot 1x 1
4

2x 1
tan 1 2

x x 1 4

2 2
3

4.2. tan-1x 3.2 tan-1x + 2.2 tan-1x =

6 tan-1x =

tan 1 x
6
x=

2 x2

1 x2

1 x2
Since x 0,
1
3=
1 x2
1
1 x2
3
1
1 x2
9
8
x2
9

16. (b)

17. (b)

tan 13 x sin1 x

c=

22. (c)

1
4

cos (sin-1 x) =

sin tan 1 x

1 x 2
x
1 x2

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5
12
; cos A
13
13
33
56
; cos B
sinB =
65
65
12 56 5 33
507
3
.

x=
13 65 13 65 13 65 5

1 x2

1 x

sinA =

or x + x2 1 = 0
x2

1 5
2

i.e., x2 =

1 5
2

25. (a)

lim cot 11 1.2 cot 11 2.3 .....

1
1

= lim tan 1
tan 1
...
n
1 1 .2
1 2 .3

number of solutions is 2.
23. (c)

tan 1

tan-1(x2 + x +1) tan-1x

= tan-1
= tan-1
= tan-1

24. (c)

cot 11 nn 1

Since x2 should be positive.

x2 x 1 x

= lim tan 1

1 x2 x 1x

2 1
32
tan 1
...
1 1 .2
1 2 .3

x2 1

tan 1

x x2 x 1
3

x 1
x 1x 1 cot
2

1 nn 1

n 1 n

1 nn 1

= lim tan1 2 tan1 1 tan1 3 tan1 2 ...

x 1 x 0

5
33
sin1
sin1 x
13
65 2
= cos1(x)
5
33

x = cos sin1
sin1
cos( A B)
13
65

sin1

tan 1n 1 tan 1 n

= lim tan n 1 tan 1 1

n

2 4 4

= cosA cosB sinA sinB

Regular Homework Exercise

1.

(d)

cosec-1 (-2)
1
= sin 1
2

6.

(a)

cos1 x = x = cos
1

and 0, sin ce x ,1
3

1
= sin 1 =
6
2

2.

(a)

4x3 3x = cos 3 [0, ]

tanA = x
cosA =

1 x2
cos3A = 4cos3A 3cosA

3.

(c)

7.

(d)

8.

(d)

1 x 2

x
A
1

1 3x 2

1 x 1 x
2

cos1 4 x3 3 x 3 cos1 x .

We have sin1x + cos1x =

cos1x =

sin sin
sin 3 sin 3 sin 3
3

9.

(a)

3 3

sin-1 sin

4.

(d)

tan sin1 sin tan 3

3
3

5.

(c)

tancos1 tan
2
6
3
6

= tan
6
3

10. (b)

2
3

=
2 7
14

1 2

17
1
tan1
tan1 4 9 tan1
1 2
34
2
1 .
4 9
1
2.
1
4
-1 1
1
2
tan
tan1
tan1
2tan
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
4
2
5
3
4
cos-1
5

sin1

1
1
tan 1
3
8

2
5
tan 1
3
2
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cos1

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tan1

1
1
5
tan 1
tan 1
4
2
8

cos1x + cos1y =

Adding we get,
11. (d)

sin2 cos1
3

=
=

. cos cos 1 1
= 2 sincos 1

3
3

1 1
= 2 1 .

3
3

12. (c)

tan-1

5x
1 6x 2

18. (b)

2 2
3

13. (b)

x=

1
, 1
6

1
, since x = 1 is not admissible
6

19. (b)

sin1 z
2
sin1x + sin1y = cos1z
cos(A + B) = cosC
where A = sin1x, B = sin1y and C = cos1z

where cot1 (x) = + tan1

=
20. (c)

cot 11 1.2 cot 11 2.3

+ .. + cot 11 9.10

1
1
1
= tan1
tan 1 2.3
1 1.2

sin1 x x = sin tan =

1 x 2

1
+ .. + tan1

1 9.10
2 1
1 3 2
= tan 1
tan 1 2.3
1

1
.
2

x
1 x2

Since sin1 x and tan1

+ + tan c tan a

(1)
3

(2)
2

(2) (1) 2 sin1 x
2 3 6

sin1 x
12

tan(sin1x) =

1
, and c a 0
x

L. H. S = tan 1 a tan 1 b tan 1b tan 1 c

cos1x + sin1x =

15. (c)

Since a > b > c,

a b > 0; b c > 0 and a c < 0
ab
1 b c
L.H.S = tan1
tan 1 bc
1

ab

1 ac
1 c a
Since cos1
tan 1 ca
c

1 x 2 1 y 2 xy z

cos 1 x sin 1 x

sin1 x cos 1 x
2

c a
+ tan 1

1 ca

(1 x2) (1 y2) = (z + xy)2

1 x2 y2 + x2 y2 = z2 + 2xyz + x2y2
x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 2xyz
14. (c)

5
4

5
4

1
x = sin
.
4
2

sin1x + sin1y =

3sin-1x + 2cos-1x =

sin-1x =

5x = 1-6x2

x=

3
tan 1 1
4

sin-1x + =

tan11

6x2+5x-1 = 0

+ sin1 x cos 1 x
2
4

x
1 x

have same range

2

, for | x | 1
2 2

16. (a)

2
2

tan tan1 x tan1 x tan 0 0

2
2.

17. (c)

Given sin1x + sin1y = 2

10 9
+ .. + tan1

1 9.10

= tan 12 tan 11 tan 13 tan 12

+ .. + [tan-1 (10) tan-1 (9)]
1
= tan 10 tan11
10 1
= tan 1

1 10
9
11
= tan1 = cot 1
11
9

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Assignment Exercise
1.

(b)

tan cos1 cos

3

x + y + z = xyz

tan cos 1 cos

3

10. (c)

=tan 3
3

2.

(a)

5
1

sin sin
sin
2
3
6
6
2

3.

(a)

11
11

cot
and
0,
cot
12
12
12

4.

(a)

tan-1 tan sin1sin
3
3

0
3 3

(d)

f(x) = sin-1(3x-4x3) = 3 sin-1x

x [1, 1]

6.

(d)

cos 1

1
1
cos 1
3
3

1
1
cos 1 cos 1
3
3

7.

8.

(c)

(c)

1
4
3

tan
tan 1 tan 1
3
7
11

4 3

= tan 1 7 11
4 3
6
1
7 11
1 44 21
tan

77 12 6

= =
4 6 12
-1

cos cos

1
cos
2

1

2

9.

(a)

tan1x + tan1y + tan1z =

tan1x + tan1y = -tan1z
A + B = C where tanA = x,
tanB = y and tan C = z
tan(A + B) = tanC = tan(C)

2
( x 1)2

1
2

x = 3 or x = 1
The positive value of x is 3
11. (c)

sin1 x
2
2
sin-1(sin100) 100

We know that

sin1 3x sin1 x cos1 x 3x 1 x2

2
x 0 and 9x2 = 1 x2
1
x=
.
10
1
cot 1 x
x
statement (b) is false.

13. (b)

When x < 0, tan1

14. (a)

sin1x cos1x =

Also sin-1x + cos-1x =

Addition gives

4
2sin-1x =
sin1 x =
6
3
x = sin

3
2

3
cos 1 2
tan-1
2
7

1
1

coscos 1 cos 1 cos 1

2
2

1
2

1
tan1
tan1
2
1 2x x
2

12. (a)

5.

tan1x + tan1(2 x) = tan1

x2x
1 1
tan1
tan
2
1 x(2 x )

11

.
cot 1 cot

12 12

xy
z
1 xy

15. (d)

3
cos1 x cos1 y
2
2
4
3

1
1

cos x + cos y =
4
4

tan 1
4

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Additional Practice Exercise

1.

(c)

3
3x x
x
3
a a K sin1
tan-1
2
2
a x2

x
1 3 a

3 tan 1

8.

x
a x

a x2
2

x 1

9.

10. (d)

sin cot 1 tan 2 cos 1 cos 2

11. (a)

= sin 2 2 1
2

4.

5.

6.

(a)

(d)

(b)
=

7.

(c)

cos(3cos10.4) = 4cos3 cos1(0.4)

3cos cos1(0.4)
= 4 (0.4)3 3 0.4
8
2
3
=4
125
5
118
=
125

12. (b)

1
cos ec 1x cos 1
x
Computation depends on the value of x. If x > 0
and < 1
1
cos1
does not exist. If x lies between 1 and
x
1
0, cos1
does not exist.
x

sec tan x

tan tan 1 x

1 tan tan
2

cos =

3
2

tan1

34
7
tan 1
1 3 .4
11

1 x2

2 cot-1 3 + cot-1 7 + tan-1 1

1
1
=2 tan-1 tan 1 tan 1 1
3
7
2
1
= tan-1 3 tan 1 tan 1 1
1
7
1
9
1
-1 3
tan1 tan1 1
= tan
4
7

= tan1 1 + tan11 = 2.
4
2
1
1

2 tan1 2 tan1
2 tan1
5
10
10

1
10

2
5

2 1
5 10

2 tan 1

1
10

1
15
- 2 tan-1 10
52
15
1

-1 52
10
=2tan
15 1
1
.
52 10
98
= 2tan-1
535

11
7

= 2 tan-1

13. (c) tan 1

tansin1 sin 3 tan

2
2

cot =

cos 1 x
2
cos 1 x
4
6
3
2 1

x = cos
3
2

= 2. tan -1

sin (tan-1 x)
tan tan 1 x

x 1
x

1
=
x

= cot1

2x
1 1 x

sec
(a) sincot 1
,
1 x2
1 x 2

Putting x = tan gives

(c)

x 1

3.

x2 1

sin =

1
1
2 sin 1 cos
2

K=3
sec =

= K sin1

(c)

sec1x =

x
x
= K sin1
2
a
a x2

3 sin-1

2.

(a)

1
m
tan 1
1
n

= tan1

n
m
n
m

m 1
n
tan 1 tan1
n
m

m
m

= tan 1 cot 1 tan 1 1

n
n

14. (b)

2 4 4

tan13 + tan1

1
1
cot1
3
3

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= tan13 + cot13 tan13

= cot13
15. (b)

tan1x =
x=1

4
1

cos tan1 2 tan1

3
3

23. (a)

= cos tan 1 tan 1 3

1
3

4
4

= cos tan1 cot 1

3
3

0
2

1
1
1
1
+ tan-1 ) + (tan1
+ tan1 )
3
5
7
8
3
4

= tan1 + tan1
= tan-11 =
7
4
11

(tan1

17. (c)

cos1x + cos! y + cos1z = 3

cos1x = cos1y = cos1z =
(since 0 cos1x )
x = y = z = 1
xy + yz xz = 1

24. (c)

25. (d)

4
79
3
=tan
tan 1
4
97
1 25.
3

1 xy xz yz

cos-1x + sin-1y =

27. (c)

The sides are x, x and 3 x

3x2 = x2 + x2 2x2. cos C
1
cos C =
= cos 120
2
C = 120, A = 30 so that
120 = 4 30 = K 30
K=4

28. (d)

L.H.S. =

2
1 x
sin1x = cot1
x

where 1 < x < 1

1
1 x 2

22. (a)

1
1

tan x + tan
+ tan1
=
2
3
2
1 1

2 3
tan1x + tan1
1 1 2
1 .
2 3

tan1x + tan11 =

cos 1 x sin 1 x
2
sin-1y = sin-1x
x = y.
the triangle is isosceles but not right angled.

26. (b)
xy
1
tan cot 1 z .
1 xy
z

zx + yz = 1 xy yz + zx + xy = 1.

21. (d)

4
3

25

x y z x y z

4
1 4

-1

tan1 x tan1 y cot 1 z

tan (x + 2y) = 25
x + 2y = tan-1 25
x = tan-1 25 2.tan-1 2

= tan-1 25 + tan-1

1+ xz + yz = xy
20. (d)

sin1 x

4
= tan-1 25 tan1
3

1 x 2 1 y 2 z

tan-1x + tan-1y tan-1(-z)

tan-1

cot 1 x

= tan1 25 tan1

(xy + z)2 = 1 x2 y2 + x2 y2 so that

z2 + 2xyz = 1 x2 y2
x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 2xyz
19. (b)

sin1 x tan 1 x cos 1 x

cot 1 x sin1 x
sin1x +
2
2
2 sin1x = cot1x

2=

cos-1x + cos-1y = + cos-1z

A + B = + C
cosA cosB sinA sinB = cosC
xy

1 1

x
2 tan1 x
1 x
1 x 1
2 tan1 x .
cos
x 1
cos

16. (a)

18. (a)

tan1 x 0, ,
4

1 x 1 tan 2

cos 2
1 x 1 tan 2
1 x

2 0, , cos 2
2
1
x

4
3

= cos tan 1 tan 1

3
4

= cos

tan

aa b c

bc

tan

a 2 a b c
abc

tan

K a; where K

abc
abc

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 K a b c K 3abc
= tan1

2
1 K ab bc ac

29. (d)

= tanI 0 = 0 or
Since all tan1Ka, tan1 Kb, tan1 Kc > 0
The sum should be greater than 0
L.H.S =

c
b
tan1
ab
ac
c
b

1 a b
a
c
tan
c
b
1
.
ab ac

tan-1x + tan-1y + tan-1z

= tan-1

x y z xyz

= tan-1
1 xy yz zx
= + tan10, since xy + yz + xz > 1
=

30. (b)

tan-1

= tan-1

ca c 2 ab b2
a ac ab bc bc
2

ca ab a2

a2 ac ab

= tan-1 1 =
4

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