Aula 02

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INGLS TEORIA E EXERCCIOS - SENADO

AULA 02
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
AULA 02
Prezados(as) alunos(as),
Nesta segunda aula vamos estudar os adjetivos e advrbios em

ingls e como as Bancas Examinadoras tm abordado a matria em prova.
No deixem de tirar as dvidas no Frum das aulas, terei o maior
prazer em respond-las. Destaco que o Frum o canal de comunicao entre
o professor e os alunos, a oportunidade para que voc tire suas dvidas.
Bons estudos.
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
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AULA 02
ADJETIVOS
Adjetivo a palavra que expressa uma qualidade ou caracterstica do

substantivo, certo? Os adjetivos em ingls tm a mesma funo dos adjetivos
em portugus. O que muda a posio deles na frase. No ingls, os adjetivos
so usados, em sua maioria, antes dos substantivos que eles qualificam. Essa
regra tambm vlida para quando estiverem presentes dois ou mais
adjetivos.
It was a difficult test. (Foi uma prova difcil.)
O adjetivo difficult (difcil) descreve o substantivo test (prova).
Para interpretar corretamente os textos das provas de ingls da ESAF,

alm de saber que os adjetivos se posicionam antes dos substantivos, voc
ter que saber identificar e distinguir adjetivos comparativos e superlativos.
Sendo assim, passo a demonstrar como se formam os comparativos e os
superlativos em ingls.
Comparativos e Superlativos
Adjetivos Curtos
Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de uma slaba
adiciona-se -er para a forma comparativa e -est para a forma superlativa.Veja
alguns exemplos:
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Adjetivos
Comparativo -ER
Superlativo -EST
Cold
colder
coldest
Old
older
oldest
Fast
faster
fastest
Small
smaller
smallest
Weak
weaker
weakest
Alguns dos adjetivos mais comuns em ingls tm formas irregulares de

comparativos e superlativos.
Comparativo
Superlativo
Bad
worse
worst
Good
better
best
,,
Adjetivo
o,
further
rr
3r5i
7i0i
a2a6
a8n0
n4n7
o2o
Far
farther
farthest
older
oldest
elder
eldest
ee
Old
furthest
ee
vv
ve
Adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas
SS
Se
Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de duas ou
Al
ai
de
mais slabas (adjetivos longos) usamos o more e less para as formas

comparativas e most e least as formas superlativos. Veja alguns exemplos:
Adjetivo
Comparativo
Superlativo
Arrogant
more arrogant
most arrogant
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less arrogant
least arrogant
more tense
most tense
less tense
least tense
more cooperative
most cooperative
less cooperative
least cooperative
more perfect
most perfect
less perfect
least perfect
Tense
Cooperative
Perfect
Em resumo, o que voc precisa saber est no quadro da prxima pgina:
COMPARATIVO
Regra geral
adj curto + er + than
slower than (mais lento)

richer than (mais rico)
latter than (mais tarde)
more + adj longo + than
more urbanized than
less + adj longo + than
(mais urbanizado que)

less urbanized than
(menos urbanizado que)
Excees
good (bom)
better than (melhor)
bad (mal)
worse than (pior)
far (longe)
farther/further than
(mais longe)
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SUPERLATIVOS
Regra geral
adj curto + est
The slowest
(o mais lento)
The richest
(o mais rico)
most + adj longo
most valuable
(o mais valioso)
least + adj longo
least valuable
(o menos valioso)
Excees
good (bom)
best (melhor)
bad (mal)
worst (pior)
Expresses comparativas
Alm das formas comparativas estudadas, h expresses que tambm
so usadas para fazer comparaes e podem aparecer nas provas. As...as e
So....as so recorrentes em prova:
Expresso
as.
as
as fast as (to rpido quanto)
to..quanto
not as fast as (no to rpido)

as stable as
(to estvel quanto)
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not as stable as
(no to estvel quanto)
so.....as
so stable as
(to estvel quanto)
so developed as
(to desenvolvido quanto)
Adjetivos terminados em ed e ing.

Por fim, h dois tipos de adjetivos que devem ser lembrados: os
adjetivos formados pelo particpio passado (-ed) e aqueles formados pelo
gerndio (-ing).
Alm de ser usado para formar o passado dos verbos, o -ed tambm e
o ing tambm foram adjetivos. O ed corresponde, em portugus, s
terminaes ado/-edo/-ido (resolved=resolvido; bearded=barbado). O ing
corresponde,
em
portugus,
terminaes
ente/-ante
(depressing=deprimente; interesting=interessante).
Advrbios
Em ingls, a maioria dos advrbios formada adicionando-se o sufixo ly ao adjetivo de origem (careful/carefully, happy/happily etc.). Enquanto o
adjetivo d uma caracterstica ao substantivo, o advrbio se refere ao verbo.
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Existem algumas palavras que terminam em -ly mas que, porm, no
so advrbios, e sim adjetivos. As principais delas so: friendly: amigvel,
lonely: solitrio, ugly:feio, likely: provvel, unlikely: improvvel.
Os advrbios podem ser derivados de adjetivos ou podem ter a mesma
forma do adjetivo. Neste ltimo caso, temos situao semelhante em
portugus quando dizemos, por exemplo:
Ele um rapaz bonito (adjetivo) x Ele canta bonito (advrbio).
Muitos advrbios, principalmente os de modo, freqncia e intensidade,
so derivados de adjetivos mediante o acrscimo do sufixo ly (-mente em
portugus).
Adjetivo
Advrbio
Slow (lento, devagar)
Slowly (lentamente, devagar)
Careful (cuidado)
Carefully (cuidadosamente)
Efficient (eficiente)
Efficiently (eficientemente)
Quick (rpido)
Quickly (rapidamente)
Bad (mau)
Badly (mal)
Perfect (perfeito)
Perfectly (perfeitamente)
Silent (silencioso)
Silently (silenciosamente)
Easy (fcil)
Easily (facilmente)
Terrible (terrvel)
Terribly (terrivelmente)
Tragic (trgico)
Tragically (tragicamente)
Como no possvel acrescentar um ly a adjetivos que j terminam em

ly (tais como friendly, silly, lovely etc), deve-se recorrer a uma construo
com way (jeito, modo) ou manner (maneira). Por exemplo:
Friendly (amigvel) in a friendly way (de modo amigvel)
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Ateno para um advrbio que em nada semelhante ao adjetivo: good
(bom) . . .....................well (bem).
Advrbios de Frequncia
Em destaque, os advrbios de freqncia. Recorrentes em provas de
concurso da ESAF, so aqueles que nos indicam com que frequncia algo
aconteceu, acontece, acontecer etc. Observe o quadro abaixo, que mostra,
em uma escala do mais frequente para o menos frequente, o grau de
frequncia dos principais advrbios:
ADVRBIOS DE FREQUNCIA
+
always: sempre
often: frequentemente
usually: habitualmente
sometimes: s vezes
seldom/rarely: raramente
never: nunca
Agora, vejamos como os adjetivos e advrbios so cobrados pela FGV,

CESPE e ESAF:
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Meet the new neighbours

The empty house, in a middle-class corner of southern California, is
two storeys high and boasts a three-car garage. Roses bloom around a
kidney-shaped swimming pool, which is green with algae. Bill Bobbitt, a
county inspector, dips a ladle into the water and brings up half a dozen
wriggling larvae. Mosquitoes, and the West Nile virus that some of them
carry, are thriving in Californias plunging property market. West Nile
virus arrived in America in 1999 and made it to California three years
later. Since then it is known to have infected 2,300 people in the state,
of whom 76 have died In theory, owners are supposed to keep their
properties in decent shape whether they live there or not. California has
even passed a bill fining banks and mortgage companies that seize
properties and then allow pools to fester. But Mr. Bobbitt isnt waiting for
the lawyers. He has treated the pool in Santa
Ana with oil and synthetic growth hormones, which will keep the
mosquitoes adolescent, preventing breeding. Then he tips in a few dozen
mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), which begin happily munching larvae.
You can buy a lot of the fish for what a lawyer charges per hour, and
some authorities, with commendable creativity, even provide them free
to help control the pests.
(from The Economist, August 2d, 2008, p. 34)
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1. (FGV/SENADO/2008) The tone of the title is

(A) tragic.
(B) sympathetic.
(C) ironic.
(D) wailing.
(E) enthusiastic.
Comentrios:
A questo cobra conhecimento de vocabulrio, referindo-se ao ttulo e ao
assunto do texto, questionando o tom/intonao (tone) do ttulo. Vejamos do
que trata o texto:
West Nile virus arrived in America in 1999 and made it to California

three years later. Since then it is known to have infected 2,300 people in
the state, of whom 76 have died
Veja, o texto est tratando de um virus que chegou Amrica em 1999.
O ttulo diz: Meet the new neighbours = Conhea os novos vizinhos
(A) tragic.= trgico
(B) sympathetic. = simptico
(C) ironic. = irnico
(D) wailing. = lastimoso
(E) enthusiastic. = entusiasmado
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
meet: conhecer, encontrar
new: novo
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neighbours: vizinhos
tragic: trgico
sympathetic: simptico
ironic: irnico
wailing: lastimoso
enthusiastic: entusiasmado
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.
2. (FGV/SENADO/2008) According to the text, the market for buying and

selling houses in California is
(A) dropping.
(B) stable.
(C) rising.
(D) sky-rocketing.
(E) inflated.
Comentrios:
De acordo com o texto, o Mercado de compra (buying)
e venda
(selling) de casas na Califrnia est.... Procure no texto as palavras-chaves da

questo: market, houses, Califrnia:
Mosquitoes, and the West Nile virus that some of them carry, are
thriving in Californias plunging property market.
Questo de puro vocabulrio, mas se observar as opes de resposta,
apenas uma tem idia negativa. Ou seja, mesmo que voc no saiba o
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significado de plunging (afundando), analisando as alternativas daria para
acertar a questo:
(A) dropping. = caindo

(B) stable. = estvel
(C) rising. = crescendo
(D) sky-rocketing. = subindo
(E) inflated.= inflado
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
mosquitoes: mosquitos
virus: vrus
carry: carregar
are: so/esto, verbo be
thriving: prosperando
plunging: afundando
property market: mercado imobilirio
dropping: caindo
stable: estvel
rising: subindo
sky-rocketing: altssimo
inflated:inflado
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.
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3. (FGV/SENADO/2008) A kidney-shaped swimming-pool is
(A) triangular.
(B) square.
(C) rectangular.
(D) trapezoid.
(E) curved.
Comentrios:
O texto fala em kidney-shaped swimming-pool. Aqui temos o adjetivo
kidney-shaped que o mesmo que kidney-form e significa em forma de
rins, reniforme. Certo, mas o que ser isso, no mesmo? Vejamos as
alternativas de resposta:
(A) triangular. = triangular
(B) square. = quadrado
(C) rectangular. = retangular
(D) trapezoid. = trapezide
(E) curved. = curvado
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
kidney-shaped: em forma de rins, reniforme
swimming-pool: piscina
triangular: triangular
square: quadrado
rectangular: retangular
trapezoid: trapezide.
curved: curvado, curvo
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra E.
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4. (FGV/SENADO/2008) The expression boasts a three-car garage (line 2)
reveals an attitude which is
(A) humble.
(B) haughty.
(C) hopeful.
(D) hospitable.
(E) holy.
Comentrios:
A expresso boasts a three-car garage significa ostenta uma garagem
para 3 carros. A expresso revela uma atitude que :
(A) humble. = humilde
(B) haughty. = arrogante
(C) hopeful. = esperanoso
(D) hospitable. = hospitaleiro
(E) holy. = sagrado, divino
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
boast: ostentar
three-car garage: garagem para trs carros
reveal: reveler
which: que
humble: humilde
haughty: arrogante
hopeful: esperanoso
hospitable: hosptaleiro.
holy: sagrado, santo
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.

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A former head of German counter-intelligence recently

confided: The best piece of intelligence is the one that only I
possess.
That
spymasters
emphasis
on
exclusivity
and
withholding information even from his friends is, alas, the

watchword among intelligence chiefs worldwide. And it threatens to
undermine efforts to globalize the hunt for terrorists and their bad
works.
Timely and credible intelligence often the merest scrap
can be as decisive in foiling terrorist plotting as any police action,
cruise missile, or bomb. Thats why the American Congress and the
White
House
are
focused
on
improving
information
sharing
between the CIA and FBI. But the debate has so far overlooked
another chronic intelligence failure: the inadequacy of the CIAs
liaison with other intelligence services.
One reason for urgent reform is that even though the United
States far outstrips other countries in its technical intelligence
gathering,
many
other
nations
often
have
better
human
intelligence, or humint real live spies.

Robert Gerald Livingston. Internet:
<http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm (with adaptations).
foil to prevent (someone or something) from being successful.
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5.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The best piece of information is not supposed to
be available to anyone.
Comentrios:
Ainda no lemos o texto, certo? Ento vamos procurar as palavras-chave
desse item e depois busc-las no texto para decidir se o item est certo ou
errado.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
The best piece of information is not supposed to be available to
anyone.
best piece: melhor pea
information: informao
is not: no
supposed: deveria
be: ser, estar
available: disponvel, acessvel
No texto as palavras-chave do item aparecem na seguinte frase:
The best piece of intelligence is the one that only I possess.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
intelligence: inteligncia
is:
one: um
only: somente
possess: possuo
Agora vamos comparar:
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Item: best piece information is not supposed to be available to
anyone
Texto: best piece intelligence is only I possess
Apenas com essas palavras-chave j respondemos a questo.
Enquanto a alternativa afirma que a melhor pea (best piece) de
informao no deve estar disponvel para qualquer um (available to
anyone), o texto afirma que a melhor pea de inteligncia aquela que s
uma pessoa possui (only I possess).
VOZ PASSIVA
As vozes de um verbo estabelecem a relao entre o sujeito e a ao
expressa por este verbo. O sujeito pratica ou sofre a ao, isto , o
sujeito agente ou paciente. Quando o sujeito o agente, temos a
voz ativa (active voice) e, quando o sujeito o paciente, temos a voz
passiva (passive voice). Veja que na alternativa foi usada a voz
passiva:
The best piece of information is not supposed to be available to anyone
OBJETO
VERBO NA VOZ PASSIVA (BE + PASSADO)
'supposed to' = tem idia de deveria
Logo, a resposta para esta questo CERTO.
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6.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The word one (R.2) is a numeral.
Comentrios:
Vejamos a linha 2:
A alternativa afirma que a palavra one um numeral.
Esta foi uma
pegadinha daquelas...
Sim, a palavra one como todo mundo sabe, significa um, portanto,
um numeral.
Mas na alternativa, one aparece na funo de pronome, se referindo
best piece of intelligence.
Logo, a resposta para esta questo ERRADO.
7.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
Chiefs agree to the principle that intelligence
can only be passed on to some special friends all over the world.
Comentrios:
Vamos identificar as palavras-chave da alternativa:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Chiefs agree to the principle that intelligence can only be passed on to
some special friends all over the world.
chiefs: chefes
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agree: concordar
principle: princpio
can: poder
be passed on: ser passada, ser transmitida
some: alguns
special friends: amigos especiais
No texto, as palavras chiefs e friends aparecem na frase:
That spymasters emphasis on exclusivity and withholding information even
from his friends is, alas, the watchword among intelligence chiefs worldwide.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
That spymasters emphasis on exclusivity and withholding information
even from his friends is, alas, the watchword among intelligence chiefs
worldwide.
spymaster: mestre de investigao
emphasis: nfase, enfatizar
exclusivity: exclusividade
withholding: reteno
even: mesmo
alas: palavra usada para dar nfase em exclamaes
watchword: lema
among: entre
worldwide: mundialmente
Agora, fazendo a comparao:
Item: Chiefs - agree - intelligence - can - be passed on - friends
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Texto: emphasis - exclusivity and withholding - information - even from his
friends
Enquanto o item fala que inteligncia pode (can) ser passada,
transmitida para amigos, o texto, ao contrrio, fala em exclusividade e
reteno (withholding) de informao mesmo (even) para amigos.
VOZ PASSIVA
Intelligence can only be passed on to some special friends.
OBJETO
VERBO NA VOZ PASSIVA (CAN BE + PASSADO)
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8.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
The word threatens (R.5) can be correctly
replaced by menaces.
Comentrios:
A
questo
afirma
que
palavra
threatens
pode
(can)
ser
corretamente substituda por menaces. Questo difcil, que exige o

conhecimento de threatens e menaces. Se o candidato no souber a
definio das duas palavras, muito provvel que erre a questo. Melhor
deixar em branco esse tipo de questo se voc no sabe o significado das
palavras, no perca tempo (tempo que poder ser til na resoluo de outras
questes que exijam raciocnio).
menaces = ameaas = threatens
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9.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
Believable and opportune intelligence can
decisively replace the action of the police, even cruise missiles, and bombs.
Comentrios:
As palavras-chave da questo (police, cruise missiles, bombs) so
encontradas na frase:
Timely and credible intelligence often the merest scrap can be as
decisive in foiling terrorist plotting as any police action, cruise missile, or
bomb.
Antes de ver a traduo do vocabulrio-chave, vamos comparar a
questo com o texto:
QUESTO
TEXTO
believable
Credible
opportune
timely
intelligence
intelligence
can decisively replace
can be as decisive as
the action of the police
any police action
cruise missiles
cruise missile
bombs
bomb
Enquanto a questo fala que inteligncia pode decisivamente substituir

(can decisively replace) a ao policial, o texto afirma que inteligncia pode
ser to deciva quanto (as decisive as) qualquer ao policial.
As...as significa igualdade. A estrutura do uso : As + adjetivo + as.
Importante:
As...as = So...as
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PALAVRAS-CHAVE
believable: acreditvel, possvel
opportune: oportuno
can: poder
decisively: decididamente
replace: repor,substituir
action of the police: ao da polcia
even: mesmo
missiles: msseis
bombs: bombas
timely: tempestiva
credible: confivel
decisive: decisivo
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10.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The CIA and FBI are yet to establish a process
of information interchange.
Comentrios:
No texto, as palavras CIA, FBI, information aparecem na frase Thats
why the American Congress and the White House are focused on
improving information sharing between the CIA and FBI.
Observem que o assunto abordado na questo a troca de informaes
entre a CIA e o FBI (information interchange = information sharing)
A questo traz duas palavras importantes: yet e establish
No texto temos: improving
Mesmo sem saber os significados das outras palavras, j podemos
pensar o seguinte: enquanto a questo fala em estabelecer o texto fala em
melhorar, ora, s possvel melhorar algo que j existe, certo? Logo, o item
est errado.
Importante
Yet: ainda ( usado quando algo ainda no aconteceu)
Still: ainda ( usado quando algo ainda est acontecendo)
Already: j ( usado quando algo j aconteceu)
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
American Congress: Congresso Americano
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White House: Casa Branca
are focused: esto focados
improving: melhorar
information sharing: compartilhamento de informaes
between: entre
yet: ainda
establish: estabelecer
process: processo
information interchange: intercmbio de informaes
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11.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The USA surpasses other countries in terms of
technical intelligence collection.

Comentrios:
A questo est se referindo aos EUA e technical intelligence, certo?
O texto trata dos EUA e inteligncia tcnica na frase:
One reason for urgent reform is that even though the United States far
outstrips other countries in its technical intelligence gathering()
Vamos comparar:
Item: USA surpasses in terms of technical intelligence collection
Texto: U.States outstrips in its technical intelligence gathering
A questo est correta, observe que ela apenas a parfrase do texto.
Enquanto o item afirma que os EUA superam (surpasses) os outros pases em
termos de acmulo (collection) de inteligncia tcnica, o texto diz que os EUA
se destacam (outstrips) dos outros pases pela sua coleta (gathering) de
inteligncia tcnica.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
surpasse: superar
other countries: outros pases
terms: termos
technical intelligence: inteligncia tcnica
collection: coleo
reason: razo
even though: apesar disso
outstrip: destacar
gathering: coleta
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Ateno: No se assuste com o tamanho do texto a seguir. Ele foi cobrado na

prova do concurso TCU 2009, para o cargo 3, Auditor Federal de Controle
Externo. No primeiro momento, no leia o texto. V direto para as questes.
Na hora da prova no d tempo de ler o texto. Voc deve partir para a
identificao das palavras-chave e s depois procurar a resposta no texto.
While there is no shortage of studies into the reasons why software

projects
fail
(Ewusi-Mensah,
1997),
the
major
risks
of
software
development (Jones, 1994), or even the factors affecting project success

(Cooke-Davies, 2002), the field of software engineering lacks a general
model with which to investigate such failures. To date, studies have
tended to be surveys of the factors 4 thought to play some part in a
failure.
Several researchers have argued that a simple model of accidents
is insufficient for dealing with modern technology. A causal-chain model
of accidents is useful to investigate the failure of a specific component
through wear and tear, or the attribution of the cause can be established
through application of a but for test. Given the cause, similar accidents
can be prevented by checking the same component for wear and tear or
other flaws such as structural cracks. However, it is a less useful model
when investigating accidents which causes are ultimately not due to
physical weaknesses but are due to interactions between components or
the failure of the system itself.
Driven by the need to find ways to prevent future accidents, the
alternative models reject the simple causal chain model on several
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grounds. The first is that looking back along the causal chain requires a
stopping rule to determine when to cease investigating deeper into the
system which, it is argued, can be somewhat arbitrary in the choice of
cause (Leveson, 2004). The second reason is that such investigative
techniques tend to focus attention on the proximate event most closely
associated with the accident and direct attention away from the latent,
contributory causes.
Where, in the past, it may have been sufficient to seek direct
causes of an accident, modern socio-technical systems can produce
accidents that are the result of the interaction of different parts of the
system rather than a failure of any one part of the system. Turner &
Pidgeon (1997) reviewed official investigations into non-natural disasters
to arrive at a view that many disasters
were man-made and entirely
foreseeable. In a major contrast to causal models of accidents, the

authors argued that the conditions for the disasters he investigated
largely originated from decisions made by upper management.
The view that there was ample evidence of impending disaster
available if only someone paid it any attention appears to be shared by
investigators other than Turner. However such hindsight bias has been
criticised by several researchers, most notably Dekker (2005). Hindsight
bias ignores the reality that most operational decisions are made under
ambiguous circumstances based on sparse and ambiguous evidence.
Instead, Dekker argues, investigators must try hard to understand the
circumstances of the time and put aside knowledge of the outcome.
To reason more fully about the interaction of different parts of a
socio-technical system, several researchers have proposed a system
theoretic model in which the system is expressed as a hierarchy of
control levels. Each level of the hierarchy
is considered to act on the
level below it through the imposition of constraints and directions to

achieve emergent properties and to receive feedback. A more useful
model for considering total risk was a top-down, systems oriented
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approach based on system control theoretic concepts. This approach
gave a control structure embedded in an adaptive socio-technical
system. Such a model shows how different parties contribute to safety
regardless of their organizational affiliations.
Jon McBride. A model for investigating software accident. In: Journal of
Research and Practice in Information Technology, vol. 40, n. 1, Feb.
2008 (adapted)
Judge the following items according to the text.

12. (CESPE/TCU-TI/2009)
A causal-chain model of accidents is effective
in investigating accidents which causes are solely due to failures of the system.
Comentrios:
Primeiro, vamos identificar as palavras-chave da questo (causal-chain
model, accidents, investigating, failures) e encontrar a frase correspondente no
texto: O texto diz que:
A causal-chain model of accidents is useful to investigate the failure of a
specific component through wear and tear,()
Da anlise comparativa entre a questo e o texto, temos que:
Item
Texto
causal-chain model of accidents
causal-chain model of accidents
is
is
effective
useful
in investigating
to investigate
which causes are solely due to failures
the failure of
of the system
a specific component
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Observe que enquanto a questo fala que o modelo de cadeia-causal
(causal-chain) efetivo para investigar acidentes cujas causas so falhas de
sistema, o texto fala nesse modelo para investigar falhas em componentes
especficos. Alm disso, na frase do texto reproduzida abaixo, ainda temos
que:
However, it is a less useful model when investigating accidents
which causes are ultimately not due to physical weaknesses but are due
to interactions between components or the failure of the system
itself.
A questo afirma que o modelo causal-chain efetivo para investigar
acidentes cujas causas estejam relacionadas com falhas no sistema. Na frase
acima, o autor afirma que este um modelo less useful, ou seja, menos til,
quando a falha do sistema (failure of the system itself). O importante
para resolver esta questo era o candidato saber que less significa menos.
Aqui a banca cobrou o conhecimento gramatical de adjetivos comparativos.
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
causal-chain model: modelo de cadeia-causal
accidents: acidentes
is: , verbo be (ser,estar)
effective: efetivo
useful: til
in investigating: em investigar
solely: somente
due: devido
failures: falhas
system: sistema
specific component: componente especfico
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Ateno: No leia o texto. Leia a questo, identifique as palavras-chave e s

depois procure a resposta no texto.
The world of computer security has changed dramatically in

the last few years, and one of the greatest challenges now facing
CIOs and IT directors is the task of maintaining the security of their
IT environments. The effects of a security breach can be
catastrophic, including unplanned
downtime and the resulting loss of service, a potentially significant
financial impact, and the loss of sensitive and confidential
information.
This
problem
has
been
compounded
by
the
proliferation of networked PCs and servers as well as the growing

intelligence of malicious software that seeks to exploit and expand
throughout the Internet infrastructure.
Companies are releasing new technologies and tools to
address the needs of system administrators responsible for
managing the security large numbers of geographically dispersed
systems. For example, technologies such as Position Independent
Executables (PIE) and Exec Shield help protect against buffer
overflows, a tactic frequently employed by attackers to infiltrate
and compromise flawed software programs.
Security features in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
(adapted).
13. (CESPE/SEBRAE/2008) The occurrence of a security breach can bring

about only three undesirable results.
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Comentrios:
A
questo
fala
em
security
breach,
can,
bring,
only
three,
undesirable results.
No texto, temos que:
The effects of a security breach can be catastrophic, including unplanned
downtime and the resulting loss of service, a potentially significant
financial impact, and the loss of sensitive and confidential information.
A questo afirma que a ocorrncia de violao da segurana pode trazer
(bring
about)
somente
(only)
(three)
resultados
indesejveis
(undesirable).
No texto, fala-se em efeitos da violao da segurana (security
breach), que incluem (including) ....
1. unplanned downtime and the resulting loss of service,
2. a potentially significant financial impact,
3. loss of sensitive and confidential information
Enquanto a questo fala de que os resultados so apenas 3, o texto fala
de efeitos (= resultados), que incluem....os trs citados acima. Apesar de o
texto citar 3 efeitos da violao da segurana, quando se usa a palavra
including, entende-se que h outros efeitos que no estes que o texto cita.
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
occurrence: ocorrncia
can bring about: pode gerar, trazer
only: somente
three: trs
undesirable: indesejveis
results: resultados
effects: efeitos
can be: pode ser
including: incluindo
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14. (CESPE/SEBRAE/2008) Two of the technologies to help protect against

buffer overflows are mentioned.
Comentrios:
A questo fala em two technologies, help, protect, against, buffer,
overflows.
No texto, estas palavras aparecem na frase:
For example, technologies such as Position Independent Executables
(PIE) and Exec Shield help protect against buffer overflows, a tactic
frequently employed by attackers to infiltrate and compromise flawed software
programs.
ITEM
TEXTO
Two of
For example
1. technologies such as Position
Independent Executables (PIE)
and
2. Exec Shield
technologies
technologies
help
help
protect against buffer overflows
protect against buffer overflows
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VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
two: dois
help: ajuda, ajudar
protect: proteger
against: contra
15. (CESPE/SEBRAE/2008)
frequently (R.18) is the opposite of
seldom.
Comentrios:
Para acertar esta questo bastaria saber os advrbios de freqncia.
Enquanto frequently significa frequentemente, seldom significa raramente.
Veja o quadro explicativo abaixo:
ADVRBIOS DE FREQUNCIA
+
always: sempre
often, frequently: frequentemente
usually: habitualmente
sometimes: s vezes
seldom/rarely: raramente
never: nunca

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Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1.
The regulation of insurance company solvency is a function of
the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of

1999, which allowed banks, securities firms, insurance companies and other
financial services entities to affiliate and sell one anothers products, continues
this practice. State regulators monitor the financial health of companies
licensed to provide insurance in their state through analysis of the detailed
annual financial statements that insurers are required to file and periodic onsite examinations. When a company is found to be in poor financial condition,
regulators can take various actions to try to save it. Insolvencies do occur,
however, despite the best efforts of regulators.
16. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial health

of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators
a) are currently designing two tools to follow it.
b) might resort to actions designed to assist them.
c) may decide to outsource any further analysis.
d) have been assessing the most effective procedures.
e) are likely to adopt the analysis of their statements.
Comentrios:
O enunciado da questo diz: In relation to the monitoring of the
financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state
regulators (Em relao ao monitoramento da sade financeira de
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companhias licenciadas a oferecer seguro, os reguladores estatais...) Vejamos
onde o texto est tratando de monitoring.
DICA: Observe que das 10 palavras-chave,
6
so
verdadeiros
cognatos,
ou
seja,
palavras que se assemelham ao portugus.

Felizmente elas so maioria! Mas cuidado,
h os falsos cognatos. No se preocupe com
eles agora. Eles so minoria.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
relation: relao
monitoring: monitoramento
financial health: sade financeira
companies: companhias
licensed: licenciadas
provide: oferecer, fornecer, produzir
state regulators: reguladores estatais
O texto trata do assunto monitoring na seguinte frase:

State regulators monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide
insurance in their state through analysis of the detailed annual financial
statements
that
insurers
are
required
to
file
and
periodic
on-site
examinations.
MAIS PALAVRAS-CHAVE
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through: atravs
analysis: anlises
detailed: detalhadas
annual: anual
financial statements: demonstraes financeiras
insurers: segurador, seguradora
are required: so demandados, solicitados
to file: seguir
periodic: peridico
on-site examinations: exame, investigao in loco
Da leitura, verificamos que h duas maneiras por meio (through) das

quais os reguladores estatais monitoram a sade financeira das companhias:
analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that insurers are required
to file and periodic on-site examination.

A opo A est incorreta. O texto no diz que os reguladores estatais
esto atualmente (currently) desenvolvendo (designing) duas ferramentas
(tools) para monitoramento da sade financeira das seguradoras. O autor
apenas afirma que os reguladores estatais monitoram a sade financeira das
companhias de seguro atravs de 2 ferramentas: analysis of the detailed
annual financial statements that insurers e periodic on-site examination.
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Currently = atualmente
CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!
x
actually = realmente, efetivamente

A opo B est correta. O verbo to resort to significa recorrer a,
apelar a. J might resort to d a idia de probabilidade. A opo afirma que
possvel que os reguladores do mercado de seguros recorram s ferramentas
citadas no texto. Logo a afirmativa est corretssima, uma vez que o autor
afirma que os reguladores estatais monitoram a sade financeira das
companhias atravs da analysis of the detailed annual financial statements
that insurers are required to file e do periodic on-site examination, duas aes
desenvolvidas para lhes assistir.

A opo C est incorreta. O autor no diz que os reguladores podem
(may) decidir por terceirizar (outsource) anlises mais profundas (further =
como vimos, esta a forma comparativa do adjetivo far).
A opo C est incorreta. No texto no h qualquer meno ao verbo
assess (avaliar, estimar, calcular) ou outro com idia similar. Logo, est errado
afirmar que os reguladores estatais esto avaliando os procedimentos mais
efetivos (most effective = forma superlativa do adjetivo effective).
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A opo E est incorreta. No se pode afirmar pela leitura do texto que
os
reguladores
estatais
esto
tendentes
adotar
anlise
de
suas
demonstraes. Totalmente errada.
IMPORTANTE
Forma adjetivos e advrbios
Sufixo -LY
slowly: lentamente
likely: provavelmente, tendente
lively: vivaz
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
currently: atualmente
designing: desenvolvendo
tool: ferramenta
resort to: recorrer a
outsource: terceirizar
further: mais profundo, mais distante
assess: avaliar, estimar, calcular
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most effective procedures: procedimentos mais efetivos
likely: provvelmente, tendente
adopt: adotar
17. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do occur,

which means they
a) actually happen.
b) are undoubtedly preventable.
c) hardly take place.
d) do not pose a threat.
e) used to be more frequent.
Comentrios:
O enunciado da questo j remete o leitor expresso insolvencies do
occur. S ser necessrio encontrar esta expresso no texto. Vejamos a
ltima frase do texto: ()Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best
efforts of regulators. Agora as palavras-chave e as alternativas de resposta:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
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insolvencies: insolvncias
occur: ocorrer, acontecer
however: porm, no obstante
despite: apesar de
actually: efetivamente, de fato
happen: acontecer
undoubtedly: indubitavelmente
preventable: evitvel
hardly: dificilmente
take place: ocorrer
pose a threat: representar uma ameaa
used to be: costumava ser
a) actually happen.
A opo A est correta. Insolvencies do occur significa que insolvncias
efetivamente acontecem. Actually significa de fato, efetivamente.
IMPORTANTE
actually = realmente, efetivamente
Outros exemplos:
Adjetivos + Sufixo LY = advrbio
undoubtedly (indubitavelmente)
Logo, actual = real, efetivo
hardly (dificilmente)
CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!
frequently (frequentemente)
Atualmente = nowadays, presently
usually (usualmente, habitualmente)

A opo B est incorreta. Da leitura da frase Insolvencies do occur,
however, despite the best efforts of regulators. percebe-se que apesar dos
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esforos dos reguladores, as insolvncias efetivamente ocorrem. Logo, no se
pode afirmar que insolvncia seja indubitavelmente evitvel (preventable).
A opo C est incorreta. O texto no diz que insolvncia dificilmente
(hardly) ocorre (take place), apenas afirma que ela ocorre.
A opo D est incorreta. Insolvencies do occur no quer dizer que
insolvncias no representam (pose) uma ameaa (threat). Perceba que o
enunciado da questo quer apenas o significado da expresso e no a
interpretao de que sejam ou no ameaas.
A opo E est incorreta. A opo afirma que insolvncias costumavam
ser (used to be) mais freqentes. No texto no h essa afirmao.
The long climb

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Source: www.economist.com
st Oct, 2009 (Adapted)
1.
The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal, but it
will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if people
disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as defined by Pimcos
CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be subdued and unemployment will
remain high. The banking system will be a shadow of its former self,
and the securitization markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of
debt, will presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier
and investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which
prosperity depends, will erode.
2.
The crisis invited a forceful government entry into several of
capitalisms inner sanctums, such as banking, American carmaking and

the commercial-paper market. Mr El-Erian worries that the state may
overstay its welcome. In addition, national exchequers may start to feel
some measure of the fiscal strain now hobbling California. Americas
Treasury, in particular, must demonstrate that it is still a responsible
shepherd of other countries savings.
18. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009)
In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is
defined as
a) both real and active.
b) absolutely extraordinary.
c) not very active or busy.
d) sustainable and rapid.
e) unpredictable.
Comentrios:
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A questo nos remete ao Pargrafo 1 e expresso growth in the
new order. Voc dever escolher a opo que mais se assemelha definio
de growth in the new order dada pelo texto.
Vejamos como o texto trata do assunto:
The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal, but it will be a
new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if people disagree about what
it means. In the new normal, as defined by Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian,
growth will be subdued and unemployment will remain high.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
growth: crescimento
new order: nova ordem
world economy: economia mundial
getting back to normal: voltando ao normal
will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser
subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) reduzido, reduziu
unemployment: desemprego
will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur
high: alto
Qual a opo mais retrata o crescimento econmico (growth) na nova ordem
mundial:
A opo A est incorreta. A alternativa caracteriza a nova ordem com os
adjetivos real e active (ativa, rpida, vigorosa). A definio positiva e est
errada. Veja que o texto fala em alto desemprego (high unemployment) e
crescimento reduzido (subdued).
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A opo B est incorreta. Assim como a alternativa a, a alternativa b
traz uma definio positiva da nova ordem: absolutamente extraordinria
(absolutely extraordinary).
A opo C est correta. O texto define o crescimento na nova ordem
como: (...) growth will be subdued and unemployment will remain
high. Temos aqui que o crescimento ser reduzido e desemprego continuar
alto, logo, a alternativa est correta ao afirmar que o crescimento no ser
muito vigoroso, ativo (active, busy).
A opo D est incorreta. Aqui a definio de crescimento tambm
positiva, sustainable e rapid (sustentvel e rpido).
e) unpredictable.
A opo E est incorreta. O texto no diz que o crescimento na nova
ordem mundial imprevisvel (unpredictable).
DICA: Apenas na alternativa c, resposta
para
questo,
foi
apresentada
uma
definio negativa para o crescimento na

nova ordem mundial. Mesmo sem saber a
definio de subdued daria para acertar a
questo.
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Reason with him
Source: www.newsweek.com
22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)
Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was
regarded as an underachiever, and the last among the BRIC
nations. Now Brazil is considered a star among emerging
countries. Whats happened?
Lula: No one respects anyone who doesnt respect themselves. And
Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always told
ourselves we were the country of the future. But we never transformed
these qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized world you cannot
sit still. You have to hit the road and sell your country. So we decided to
make strengthening Mercosul (the South American trading bloc) a
priority, and deepened our relations with Latin America in general. We
prioritized trade with Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively.
Our trade balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of
the economic crisis.
Q2: Margolis: Has Brazils success in navigating the economic
crisis changed investorsviews?
Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market. We had
consumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of the sales tax and
asked the companies to offer consumers credit on affordable items. Its
the same case with refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, and with
computers and the housing construction.
Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries?
Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to play,
and has great responsibility. We dont want the state to manage
business. But it can be an inducer of growth and can work in harmony
with society.
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19. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In his answer to question 1, Brazils president
refers to strengthening Mercosul as a priority. In other words, a measure he
considered
a) risky.
b) unattainable.
c) pivotal.
d) unnecessary.
e) advisable.
Comentrios:
A questo se refere expresso strengthening Mercosul as a
priority e quer saber qual dos adjetivos reflete a opinio do presidente acerca
dessa medida (measure). Considerando que o presidente disse ser a medida
uma prioridade (priority), o fortalecimento do Mercosul :
a) risky.
b) unattainable.
c) pivotal.
d) unnecessary.
e) advisable.
Observe que no era preciso saber ingls para acertar a questo,
todos as adjetivos apresentados nas alternativas se parecem com o portugus.
O vocabulrio-chave que cobrado nesta questo se parece bastante com o
portugus:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
strengthening: fortalecimento, fortalecer
priority: prioridade
measure: medida
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risky: arriscado
unattainable: inatingvel
pivotal: fundamental, essencial, piv
unnecessary: desnecessrio
advisable: aconselhvel
Das 08 palavras-chave, 06 se parecem com nossas palavras do

portugus. Isso muitas vezes acontece. Existem sim os falsos cognatos,
aquelas palavras que na escrita se assemelham ao portugus, mas que tm
significados diferentes. Contudo, importante lembrar que forte a presena
de vocbulos de origem latina no ingls, sendo que a porcentagem de
ocorrncia dessas palavras como falsos cognatos em relao ao portugus
insignificante - menos de 0,1%. No se preocupe com qualquer probabilidade
de erro ao interpretar palavras do ingls parecidas com palavras do portugus.
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20. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) Brazils president refers to the countrys
diversified trade balance as having
a) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis.
b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner.
c) been prevented by internal regulations.
d) been considered as an unattainable goal.
e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis.
Comentrios:
Vamos destacar as palavras-chave do enunciado para depois buscar no
texto a resposta:
Brazils president refers to the countrys diversified trade balance as
having
(O Presidente se refere balana comercial diversificada do pas como
tendo....)
No texto, as palavras diversified trade balance aparecem no trecho:
Our trade balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion
the blow of the economic crisis.
Juntando as palavras-chave do enunciado com as do texto, temos que:
diversified
trade balance
helped
economic crisis
Agora vejamos as alternativas de respostas:

A opo A est incorreta. Com a anlise das palavras no quadro acima,
conclumos que a balana comercial diversificada ajudou (helped) o pas na
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crise econmica. Ao contrrio do texto, a alternativa diz que a balana
comercial prejudicou, piorou (worsen) a crise econmica global. Observe que
a palavra crisis est precedida de dois adjetivos: global e economic.
A opo B est incorreta. Estamos falando aqui de diversified trade
balance e a alternativa fala em trade with one solo strategic partner
(comrcio com um nico parceiro estratgico). A palavra partner est
precedida dos adjetivos one solo e strategic.
A opo C est incorreta. O presidente trata da balana comercial
diversificada como fator que teria ajudado o pas na crise e no como tendo
sido
evitada
ou
impedida
(prevented)
por
regulamentaes
internas.
Internal o adjetivo que est qualificando regulations.

A opo D est incorreta. A alternativa afirma que a balana comercial
diversificada
foi
considerada
(been
considered)
um
objetivo
(goal)
inatingvel (unattainable) unattainable o adjetivo.

A opo E est correta. Assim como est no texto que a balana
comercial
diversificada
ajudou,
alternativa
diz
que
ela
minimizou
(minimized) os efeitos adversos (adverses o adjetivo) da crise mundial.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
diversified: diversificado
trade balance: balana comercial
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contributed: contribuido
worsen: piorar
global economic crisis: crise econmica global
resulted: resultou
trade: comrcio
one sole: um s, um nico
strategic partner: parceiro estratgico
been: sido, estado
prevent: evitar, impedir, prevenir
internal regulations: regulamentaes internas
considered: considerado
goal: objetivo
minimized: minimizou
adverse effects: efeitos adversos
cushion: amortecer, proteger contra choques
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra E.
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While Rome burns

Source: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)
1.
American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the
financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive

government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors have no
such reassurance. European governments have yet to respond publicly to
calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury secretary, to follow his lead. They
look set to keep faith with the approach that they have used to handle
the crisis so far staving off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use
facilities at central banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready
cash.
2.
That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in America
has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of solvency as well.

Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal Reserves discount window,
after all, but still went under. The burning question now is whether banks
have enough capital. On some measures, European banks look pretty
well capitalized. The average tier-one ratio, which measures capital
based on the riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the
year. That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good
handle on risk.
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21. (ESAF/ STN/2008) As regards investors in Europe at the moment, they

are feeling
a) nervous and upset.
b) confident and optimistic.
c) reassured, but cautious.
d) slightly afraid.
e) tense, but optimistic.
Comentrios:
Veja que as alternativas s trazem adjetivos. O enunciado diz: quanto
aos (as regards) investidores (investors), como esto se sentindo.
H duas frases no texto com palavras-chave que aparecem tambm em
duas das alternativas:
In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance.
Nesta frase aparece a palavra reassurance, que significa resseguro,
confiante. Na alternativa e est sendo afirmado que os investidores esto
confiantes,
mas
cuidadosos.
Contudo,
texto
est
negando
que
os
investidores tenham tal confiana, segurana (veja que o texto diz: have no).
That makes many watchers nervous.
Aqui no aparece a palavra investors, mas a palavra watchers, que
significa observadores em geral (o que inclui, portanto, os investidores)
a) nervous and upset. (nervosos e preocupados)
b) confident and optimistic. (confiantes e otimistas)
c) reassured, but cautious. (confiantes, mas cautelosos)
d) slightly afraid. (levemente temerosos)
e) tense, but optimistic. (tensos, mas otimistas)
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VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
as regards: quanto /ao
investors: investidores
feeling: sentindo
nervous: nervoso
upset: preocupado
confident: confidante, certo, seguro
optimistic: otimista
reassured: resseguro, confiante
cautious: cauteloso
slightly: levemente
afraid: temeroso, com medo
tense: tenso, ansioso
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A world of connections
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted)
Jan 28th, 2010
To sceptics all this talk of twittering, yammering and
chattering smacks of another internet bubble in the making. They argue
that even a huge social network such as Facebook will struggle to make
money because fickle networkers will not stay in one place for long,
pointing to the example of MySpace, which was once all the rage but has
now become a shadow of its former self. Last year the site, which is
owned by News Corp, installed a new boss and fired 45% of its staff as
part of a plan to revive its fortunes.
Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the benefits
of online social networking in the office. A survey of 1,400 chief
information officers conducted last year by Robert Half Technology, a
recruitment firm, found that only one-tenth of them gave employees full
access to such networks during the day, and that many were blocking
Facebook and Twitter altogether. The executives biggest concern was
that social networking would lead to social networking, with employees
using the sites to chat with
friends instead of doing their jobs. Some bosses also fretted that the
sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information.
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22. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, the benefits of online

social networking in the office are
a) undeniable.
b) numerous.
c) long-lasting.
d) uncertain.
e) predictable.
Comentrios:
De acordo com o pargrafo 2, os benefcios (benefits) de uma rede
social (networking) online para um escritrio (office) so....
No texto, encontramos a palavra benefits na frase:
Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the benefits of online
social networking in the office.
As palavras-chave para responder a questo so plenty (muitas) e
doubt (dvidas).
Analisando as alternativas e seus adjetivos, qual deles traz a idia de
algo duvidoso:
a) undeniable. (inegveis)
b) numerous. (numerosos)
c) long-lasting. (duradouros)
d) uncertain. (incertos) = plenty of doubt
e) predictable. (previsveis)
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VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
benefits: benefcios
office: escritrio
undeniable: inegvel
numerous: numeroso
long-lasting: duradouro
uncertain: incerto
predictable: previsvel
within: em
companies: empresas
plenty of doubt: muitas dvidas
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.
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23. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, some bosses also
worried that through the sites sensitive corporate information would be
a) altered.
b) distorted.
c) made classified.
d) disclosed.
e) negotiated.
Comentrios:
De acordo com o pargrafo 2, alguns patres/chefes (bosses) tambm
temam
(worried)
informaes
que
atravs
corporativas
destes
sensveis
sites
(sensitive
(sites
de
redes
corporate
sociais)
information)
seriam.....Observe que informao est aqui caracterizada por sensitive e

corporate, dois adjetivos que antecedem a palavra information.
No texto, a palavra bosses aparece na frase:
Some bosses also fretted that the sites would be used to leak
sensitive corporate information.
Sem se preocupar com a traduo de leak, sabendo que o texto trata
dos riscos destes sites de redes sociais para informaes sensveis de que
essas informaes sejam amplamente divulgadas, certo? Informaes sensveis
podem ser tambm informaes sigilosas, no mesmo?
Vejamos as alternativas:
a) altered. (alteradas)
b) distorted. (distorcidas)
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c) made classified.(classificadas)
d) disclosed. (abertas, divulgadas)
e) negotiated.(negociadas)
As alternativas so todas adjetivos terminados em ed, ou seja,
formadas pelo passado particpio de verbos. As alternativas a e b so
sinnimos e a questo no pode ter duas respostas. A c e a e no fazem
sentido no contexto. Portanto, sobra a letra d. Disclosed (divulgadas) tem o
mesmo sentido que leak, que significa vazar informaes secretas.
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
some: alguns
bosses: chefes
also: tambm
worried: preocupado
sensitive corporate information: informaes corporativas sensveis
altered: alteradas
distorted: distorcidas
classified: classificadas
disclosed: divulgadas
negotiated: negociadas
fretted: preocupado
leak: vazar informaes secretas
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.
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Tackling Corruption for Growth and Development

Source: www.ausaid.gov.au
18th Jan 2008 (Adapted)
1.
Corruption is a major impediment to broadbased growth and
development, undermining government revenue and expenditure on the

delivery of basic services such as law and justice, health care, education,
and the maintenance of essential infrastructure. The World Bank Institute
has estimated that more than US$1 trillion is paid in bribes each year
and, over the long run, countries that tackle corruption and improve the
rule of law can increase their national incomes by as much as four times.
2.
Corruption weakens institutions and makes states more
vulnerable to crisis. It has the potential to undermine security in our

partner countries and in the Asia-Pacific region more broadly. Security
can be threatened when governments fail to deliver services, uphold law
and order, maintain public confidence in institutions, or control the use of
resources.
3.
Corruption can lead to money politics and undermine the
decisions of democratically elected governments. It can also open the

way for a variety of other crimes such as money laundering and
trafficking in drugs, arms, and people.
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24. (ESAF/CGU/2008) According to the text, the effect of corruption on the
decisions made by democratically elected governments is that these decisions
a) become more legitimate and effective.
b) gradually become less effective.
c) are implemented in a shorter period of time.
d) gain both credibility and morale.
e) may lose legitimacy and credibility.
Comentrios:
O enunciado no diz o pargrafo a que se refere a questo. Teremos que
procurar no texto onde o assunto foi tratado.
Vejamos as palavras-chave do enunciado:
According to the text, the effect of corruption on the decisions made by
democratically elected governments is that these decisions
A questo trata do efeito (effect) da corrupo nas decises tomadas
(decisions made) pelos governos democraticamente eleitos (democratically
elected governments), certo?
Quando voltamos ao texto, percebemos que a palavra democratically
aparece na primeira frase do pargrafo 3.
Corruption can lead to money politics and undermine the decisions of
democratically elected governments.
Agora, vejamos as alternativas:
A opo A est incorreta. Vimos que a questo trata da corrupo e sua
influncia nas decises dos governos democraticamente eleitos. A alternativa
afirma que, como efeito da corrupo, as decises tornam-se mais legtimas e
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efetivas. Isso no poderia ser verdadeiro, no mesmo? Aqui temos a forma
comparativa (more) dos adjetivos legitimate e effective.
A opo B est correta. O texto diz que a corrupo mina, enfraquece
(undermine) as decises, ou seja, as decises vo se tornando menos (less)
efetivas com a corrupo. A palavra undermine tem o significado de arruinar
gradativamente (gradually), minar.
A opo C est incorreta. Tambm no h no texto a informao de que
as decises, considerando a ocorrncia de corrupo, sejam implementadas
num perodo de tempo mais curto (shorter forma comparativa do adjetivo
short) do que se no houvesse corrupo.
A opo D est incorreta.
Ao contrrio do que o texto afirma, esta
alternativa diz que as decises ganham credibilidade e moralidade.

A opo E est incorreta. O texto no diz claramente que as decises
dos governos democraticamente eleitos perdem legitimidade e credibilidade. O
texto diz que a corrupo enfraquece as decises e usa o verbo undermine,
que tem a idia de processo gradativo.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
democratically: democraticamente
elected: eleito
goernments: governos
lead: conduzir, levar
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undermine: minar, enfraquecer
become: tornar-se
less effective: menos efetivo
gradually: gradualmente
implemented: implementado
shorter: mais curto, menor
morale: moral
gain: ganho, benefcio, vantagem
both: ambos
credibility: credibilidade
lose: perder
legitimacy: legitimidade
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REVISO DO VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
A partir deste momento vamos revisar a aula por meio do quadro do

vocabulrio-chave.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
meet: conhecer, encontrar
new: novo
neighbours: vizinhos
tragic: trgico
sympathetic: simptico
ironic: irnico
wailing: lastimoso
enthusiastic: entusiasmado
mosquitoes: mosquitos
virus: vrus
carry: carregar
are: so/esto, verbo be
thriving: prosperando
plunging: afundando
property market: mercado imobilirio
dropping: caindo
stable: estvel
rising: subindo
sky-rocketing: altssimo
inflated:inflado
kidney-shaped: em forma de rins, reniforme
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swimming-pool: piscina
triangular: triangular
square: quadrado
rectangular: retangular
trapezoid: trapezide.
curved: curvado, curvo
boast: ostentar
three-car garage: garagem para trs carros
reveal: reveler
which: que
humble: humilde
haughty: arrogante
hopeful: esperanoso
hospitable: hosptaleiro.
holy: sagrado, santo
best piece: melhor pea
information: informao
is not: no
supposed: deveria
be: ser, estar
available: disponvel, acessvel
intelligence: inteligncia
is:
one: um
only: somente
possess: possuo
chiefs: chefes
agree: concordar
principle: princpio
can: poder
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be passed on: ser passada, ser transmitida
some: alguns
special friends: amigos especiais
spymaster: mestre de investigao
emphasis: nfase, enfatizar
exclusivity: exclusividade
withholding: reteno
even: mesmo
alas: palavra usada para dar nfase em exclamaes
watchword: lema
among: entre
worldwide: mundialmente
believable: acreditvel, possvel
opportune: oportuno
can: poder
decisively: decididamente
replace: repor,substituir
action of the police: ao da polcia
even: mesmo
missiles: msseis
bombs: bombas
timely: tempestiva
credible: confivel
decisive: decisivo
American Congress: Congresso Americano
White House: Casa Branca
are focused: esto focados
improving: melhorar
information sharing: compartilhamento de informaes
between: entre
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yet: ainda
establish: estabelecer
process: processo
information interchange: intercmbio de informaes
surpasse: superar
other countries: outros pases
terms: termos
technical intelligence: inteligncia tcnica
collection: coleo
reason: razo
even though: apesar disso
outstrip: destacar
gathering: coleta
causal-chain model: modelo de cadeia-causal
accidents: acidentes
is: , verbo be (ser,estar)
effective: efetivo
useful: til
in investigating: em investigar
solely: somente
due: devido
failures: falhas
system: sistema
specific component: componente especfico
occurrence: ocorrncia
can bring about: pode gerar, trazer
only: somente
three: trs
undesirable: indesejveis
results: resultados
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effects: efeitos
can be: pode ser
including: incluindo
two: dois
help: ajuda, ajudar
protect: proteger
against: contra
relation: relao
monitoring: monitoramento
financial health: sade financeira
companies: companhias
licensed: licenciadas
provide: oferecer, fornecer, produzir
state regulators: reguladores estatais
through: atravs
analysis: anlises
detailed: detalhadas
annual: anual
financial statements: demonstraes financeiras
insurers: segurador, seguradora
are required: so demandados, solicitados
to file: seguir
periodic: peridico
on-site examinations: exame, investigao in loco
currently: atualmente
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designing: desenvolvendo
tool: ferramenta
resort to: recorrer a
outsource: terceirizar
further: mais profundo, mais distante
assess: avaliar, estimar, calcular
most effective procedures: procedimentos mais efetivos
likely: provvelmente, tendente
adopt: adotar
insolvencies: insolvncias
occur: ocorrer, acontecer
however: porm, no obstante
despite: apesar de
actually: efetivamente, de fato
happen: acontecer
undoubtedly: indubitavelmente
preventable: evitvel
hardly: dificilmente
take place: ocorrer
pose a threat: representar uma ameaa
used to be: costumava ser
growth: crescimento
new order: nova ordem
world economy: economia mundial
getting back to normal: voltando ao normal
will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser
subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) reduzido, reduziu
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unemployment: desemprego
will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur
high: alto
strengthening: fortalecimento, fortalecer
priority: prioridade
measure: medida
risky: arriscado
pivotal: fundamental, essencial, piv
unnecessary: desnecessrio
advisable: aconselhvel
diversified: diversificado
trade balance: balana comercial
contributed: contribuido
worsen: piorar
global economic crisis: crise econmica global
resulted: resultou
trade: comrcio
one sole: um s, um nico
strategic partner: parceiro estratgico
been: sido, estado
prevent: evitar, impedir, prevenir
internal regulations: regulamentaes internas
considered: considerado
goal: objetivo
minimized: minimizou
adverse effects: efeitos adversos
cushion: amortecer, proteger contra choques
as regards: quanto /ao
investors: investidores
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feeling: sentindo
nervous: nervoso
upset: preocupado
confident: confidante, certo, seguro
optimistic: otimista
reassured: resseguro, confiante
cautious: cauteloso
slightly: levemente
afraid: temeroso, com medo
tense: tenso, ansioso
benefits: benefcios
office: escritrio
undeniable: inegvel
numerous: numeroso
long-lasting: duradouro
uncertain: incerto
predictable: previsvel
within: em
companies: empresas
plenty of doubt: muitas dvidas
some: alguns
bosses: chefes
also: tambm
worried: preocupado
sensitive corporate information: informaes corporativas sensveis
altered: alteradas
distorted: distorcidas
classified: classificadas
disclosed: divulgadas
negotiated: negociadas
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fretted: preocupado
leak: vazar informaes secretas
democratically: democraticamente
elected: eleito
goernments: governos
lead: conduzir, levar
undermine: minar, enfraquecer
become: tornar-se
less effective: menos efetivo
gradually: gradualmente
implemented: implementado
shorter: mais curto, menor
morale: moral
gain: ganho, benefcio, vantagem
both: ambos
credibility: credibilidade
lose: perder
legitimacy: legitimidade
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QUESTES DA AULA
Meet the new neighbours
The empty house, in a middle-class corner of southern
California, is two storeys high and boasts a three-car garage.
Roses bloom around a kidney-shaped swimming pool, which is
green with algae. Bill Bobbitt, a county inspector, dips a ladle into
the water and brings up half a dozen wriggling larvae. Mosquitoes,
and the West Nile virus that some of them carry, are thriving in
Californias plunging property market. West Nile virus arrived in
America in 1999 and made it to California three years later. Since
then it is known to have infected 2,300 people in the state, of
whom 76 have died In theory, owners are supposed to keep
their properties in decent shape whether they live there or not.
California has even passed a bill fining banks and mortgage
companies that seize properties and then allow pools to fester. But
Mr. Bobbitt isnt waiting for the lawyers. He has treated the pool in
Santa
Ana with oil and synthetic growth hormones, which will keep
the mosquitoes adolescent, preventing breeding. Then he tips in a
few dozen mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), which begin happily
munching larvae. You can buy a lot of the fish for what a lawyer
charges per hour, and some authorities, with commendable
creativity, even provide them free to help control the pests.
(from The Economist, August 2d, 2008, p.
34)
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1. (FGV/SENADO/2008) The tone of the title is

(A) tragic.
(B) sympathetic.
(C) ironic.
(D) wailing.
(E) enthusiastic.
2. (FGV/SENADO/2008) According to the text, the market for buying
and selling houses in California is
(A) dropping.
(B) stable.
(C) rising.
(D) sky-rocketing.
(E) inflated.
3. (FGV/SENADO/2008) A kidney-shaped swimming-pool is
(A) triangular.
(B) square.
(C) rectangular.
(D) trapezoid.
(E) curved.
4. (FGV/SENADO/2008) The expression boasts a three-car garage
(line 2) reveals an attitude which is
(A) humble.
(B) haughty.
(C) hopeful.
(D) hospitable.
(E) holy.
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A former head of German counter-intelligence recently

confided: The best piece of intelligence is the one that only
I possess. That spymasters emphasis on exclusivity and
withholding information even from his friends is, alas, the
watchword among intelligence chiefs worldwide. And it
threatens to undermine efforts to globalize the hunt for
terrorists and their bad works.
Timely and credible intelligence often the merest
scrap can be as decisive in foiling terrorist plotting as any
police action, cruise missile, or bomb. Thats why the
American Congress and the White House are focused on
improving information sharing between the CIA and FBI. But
the debate has so far overlooked another chronic intelligence
failure: the inadequacy of the CIAs liaison with other
intelligence services.
One reason for urgent reform is that even though the
United States far outstrips other countries in its technical
intelligence gathering, many other nations often have better
human intelligence, or humint real live spies.
Robert Gerald Livingston. Internet:
<http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm (with adaptations).
foil to prevent (someone or something) from being
successful.
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12.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The best piece of information is not
supposed to be available to anyone.

13.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The word one (R.2) is a numeral.
14.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
Chiefs agree to the principle that
intelligence can only be passed on to some special friends all over the
world.
15.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
The word threatens (R.5) can be
correctly replaced by menaces.

16.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) Believable and opportune intelligence can
decisively replace the action of the police, even cruise missiles, and
bombs.
17.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
The CIA and FBI are yet to establish a
process of information interchange.
18.
(CESPE/ ABIN/2004)
The USA surpasses other countries in
terms of technical intelligence collection.
While there is no shortage of studies into the reasons why

software projects fail (Ewusi-Mensah, 1997), the major risks of
software development (Jones, 1994), or even the factors affecting
project success (Cooke-Davies, 2002), the field of software
engineering lacks a general model with which to investigate such
failures. To date, studies have tended to be surveys of the factors
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4 thought to play some part in a failure.
Several researchers have argued that a simple model of
accidents is insufficient for dealing with modern technology. A
causal-chain model of accidents is useful to investigate the failure
of a specific component through wear and tear, or the attribution
of the cause can be established through application of a but for
test. Given the cause, similar accidents can be prevented by
checking the same component for wear and tear or other flaws
such as structural cracks. However, it is a less useful model when
investigating accidents which causes are ultimately not due to
physical
weaknesses
but
are
due
to
interactions
between
components or the failure of the system itself.

Driven by the need to find ways to prevent future accidents,
the alternative models reject the simple causal chain model on
several grounds. The first is that looking back along the causal
chain requires a stopping rule to determine when to cease
investigating deeper into the system which, it is argued, can be
somewhat arbitrary in the choice of cause (Leveson, 2004). The
second reason is that such investigative techniques tend to focus
attention on the proximate event most closely associated with the
accident and direct attention away from the latent, contributory
causes.
Where, in the past, it may have been sufficient to seek
direct causes of an accident, modern socio-technical systems can
produce accidents that are the result of the interaction of different
parts of the system rather than a failure of any one part of the
system. Turner & Pidgeon (1997) reviewed official investigations
into non-natural disasters to arrive at a view that many disasters
were man-made and entirely foreseeable. In a major contrast to
causal models of accidents, the authors argued that the conditions
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for the disasters he investigated largely originated from decisions
made by upper management.
The view that there was ample evidence of impending
disaster available if only someone paid it any attention appears to
be shared by investigators other than Turner. However such
hindsight bias has been criticised by several researchers, most
notably Dekker (2005). Hindsight bias ignores the reality that
most
operational
decisions
are
made
under
ambiguous
circumstances based on sparse and ambiguous evidence. Instead,

Dekker argues, investigators must try hard to understand the
circumstances of
the time and put aside knowledge of the
outcome.
To reason more fully about the interaction of different parts
of a socio-technical system, several researchers have proposed a
system theoretic model in which the system is expressed as a
hierarchy of control levels. Each level of the hierarchy
is
considered to act on the level below it through the imposition of

constraints and directions to achieve emergent properties and to
receive feedback. A more useful model for considering total risk
was a top-down, systems oriented approach based on system
control theoretic concepts. This approach gave a control structure
embedded in an adaptive socio-technical system. Such a model
shows how different parties contribute to safety regardless of their
organizational affiliations.
Jon McBride. A model for investigating software accident. In:
Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology, vol.
40, n. 1, Feb. 2008 (adapted)
Judge the following items according to the text.
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12. (CESPE/TCU-TI/2009)
A causal-chain model of accidents is
effective in investigating accidents which causes are solely due to

failures of the system.
The
world
of
computer
security
has
changed
dramatically in the last few years, and one of the greatest

challenges now facing CIOs and IT directors is the task of
maintaining the security of their IT environments. The
effects of a security breach can be catastrophic, including
unplanned
downtime and the resulting loss of service, a potentially
significant financial impact, and the loss of sensitive and
confidential information. This problem has been compounded
by the proliferation of networked PCs and servers as well as
the growing intelligence of malicious software that seeks to
exploit and expand throughout the Internet infrastructure.
Companies are releasing new technologies and tools to
address the needs of system administrators responsible for
managing the security large numbers of geographically
dispersed systems. For example, technologies such as
Position Independent Executables (PIE) and Exec Shield help
protect
against
buffer
overflows,
tactic
frequently
employed by attackers to infiltrate and compromise flawed

software programs.
Security features in Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 4 (adapted).
13. (CESPE/SEBRAE/2008) The occurrence of a security breach can

bring about only three undesirable results.
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14. (CESPE/SEBRAE/2008) Two of the technologies to help protect

against buffer overflows are mentioned.
15. (CESPE/SEBRAE/2008)
frequently (R.18) is the opposite of
seldom.
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1.
The regulation of insurance company solvency is a
function of the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services

Modernization Act of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms,
insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and
sell one anothers products, continues this practice. State regulators
monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance
in their state through analysis of the detailed annual financial
statements that insurers are required to file and periodic on-site
examinations. When a company is found to be in poor financial
condition, regulators can take various actions to try to save it.
Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.
16. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial

health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators
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17. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do

occur, which means they
a) actually happen.
The long climb

Source: www.economist.com
st Oct, 2009 (Adapted)
1.
The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,
but it will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if
people disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as
defined by Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be
subdued and unemployment will remain high. The banking
system will be a shadow of its former self, and the securitization
markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt, will
presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier and
investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which
prosperity depends, will erode.
2.
The crisis invited a forceful government entry into
several of capitalisms inner sanctums, such as banking, American

carmaking and the commercial-paper market. Mr El-Erian worries
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that the state may overstay its welcome. In addition, national
exchequers may start to feel some measure of the fiscal strain
now hobbling California. Americas Treasury, in particular, must
demonstrate that it is still a responsible shepherd of other
countries savings.
18. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is

defined as
e) unpredictable.
Reason with him

Source: www.newsweek.com
22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)
Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was
regarded as an underachiever, and the last among the BRIC
nations. Now Brazil is considered a star among emerging
countries. Whats happened?
Lula: No one respects anyone who doesnt respect themselves.
And Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always
told ourselves we were the country of the future. But we never
transformed these qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized
world you cannot sit still. You have to hit the road and sell your
country. So we decided to make strengthening Mercosul (the
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South American trading bloc) a priority, and deepened our
relations with Latin America in general. We prioritized trade with
Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively. Our trade
balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of the
economic crisis.
Q2: Margolis: Has Brazils success in navigating the
economic crisis changed investorsviews?
Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market.
We had consumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of
the sales tax and asked the companies to offer consumers credit
on affordable items. Its the same case with refrigerators, stoves,
washing
machines,
and
with
computers
and
the
housing
construction.
Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries?
Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to
play, and has great responsibility. We dont want the state to
manage business. But it can be an inducer of growth and can work
in harmony with society.
19. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In his answer to question 1, Brazils
president refers to strengthening Mercosul as a priority. In other
words, a measure he considered
a) risky.
b) unattainable.
c) pivotal.
d) unnecessary.
e) advisable.
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20. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) Brazils president refers to the countrys

diversified trade balance as having
While Rome burns

Source: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)
1.
American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the
financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive

government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors
have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to
respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury
secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the
approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far staving
off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central
banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash.
2.
That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in
America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of

solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal
Reserves discount window, after all, but still went under. The
burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On
some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The
average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the
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riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the year.
That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good
handle on risk.
21. (ESAF/ STN/2008)
As regards investors in Europe at the
moment, they are feeling

a) nervous and upset.
b) confident and optimistic.
c) reassured, but cautious.
d) slightly afraid.
e) tense, but optimistic.
A world of connections
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted)
Jan 28th, 2010
To sceptics all this talk of twittering, yammering and
chattering smacks of another internet bubble in the making. They
argue that even a huge social network such as Facebook will
struggle to make money because fickle networkers will not stay in
one place for long, pointing to the example of MySpace, which was
once all the rage but has now become a shadow of its former self.
Last year the site, which is owned by News Corp, installed a new
boss and fired 45% of its staff as part of a plan to revive its
fortunes.
Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the
benefits of online social networking in the office. A survey of 1,400
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chief information officers conducted last year by Robert Half
Technology, a recruitment firm, found that only one-tenth of them
gave employees full access to such networks during the day, and
that many were blocking Facebook and Twitter altogether. The
executives biggest concern was that social networking would lead
to social networking, with employees using the sites to chat with
friends instead of doing their jobs. Some bosses also fretted that
the sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information.
22. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, the benefits of

online social networking in the office are
a) undeniable.
b) numerous.
c) long-lasting.
d) uncertain.
e) predictable.
23. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, some bosses also

worried that through the sites sensitive corporate information would be
a) altered.
b) distorted.
c) made classified.
d) disclosed.
e) negotiated.
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Tackling Corruption for Growth and Development

Source: www.ausaid.gov.au
18th Jan 2008 (Adapted)
1.
Corruption is a major impediment to broadbased
growth and development, undermining government revenue and

expenditure on the delivery of basic services such as law and
justice, health care, education, and the maintenance of essential
infrastructure. The World Bank Institute has estimated that more
than US$1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and, over the long
run, countries that tackle corruption and improve the rule of law
can increase their national incomes by as much as four times.
2.
Corruption weakens institutions and makes states
more vulnerable to crisis. It has the potential to undermine

security in our partner countries and in the Asia-Pacific region
more broadly. Security can be threatened when governments fail
to deliver services, uphold law and order, maintain public
confidence in institutions, or control the use of resources.
3.
Corruption can lead to money politics and undermine
the decisions of democratically elected governments. It can also

open the way for a variety of other crimes such as money
laundering and trafficking in drugs, arms, and people.
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24. (ESAF/CGU/2008) According to the text, the effect of corruption

on the decisions made by democratically elected governments is that
these decisions
GABARITO
1-C
2-A
3-E
4-B
5-C
6-E
7-E
8-C
9-E
10-E
11-C
12-E
13-E
14-C
15-C
16-B
17-A
18-C
19-C
20-E
21-A
22-D 23-D
24-B
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CURSO ON LINE

INGLS TEORIA E EXERCCIOS - SENADO

Nesta segunda aula vamos estudar os adjetivos e advrbios em

Adjetivo a palavra que expressa uma qualidade ou caracterstica do

Para interpretar corretamente os textos das provas de ingls da ESAF,

Alguns dos adjetivos mais comuns em ingls tm formas irregulares de

Adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas

Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de duas ou

mais slabas (adjetivos longos) usamos o more e less para as formas

Em resumo, o que voc precisa saber est no quadro da prxima pgina:

adj curto + er + than

slower than (mais lento)

more + adj longo + than

more urbanized than

less + adj longo + than

(mais urbanizado que)

better than (melhor)

worse than (pior)

adj curto + est

most + adj longo

least + adj longo

not as fast as (no to rpido)

Adjetivos terminados em ed e ing.

Slow (lento, devagar)

Slowly (lentamente, devagar)

Como no possvel acrescentar um ly a adjetivos que j terminam em

Agora, vejamos como os adjetivos e advrbios so cobrados pela FGV,

Meet the new neighbours

1. (FGV/SENADO/2008) The tone of the title is

West Nile virus arrived in America in 1999 and made it to California

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.

2. (FGV/SENADO/2008) According to the text, the market for buying and

(selling) de casas na Califrnia est.... Procure no texto as palavras-chaves da

(A) dropping. = caindo

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.

A former head of German counter-intelligence recently

withholding information even from his friends is, alas, the

intelligence, or humint real live spies.

foil to prevent (someone or something) from being successful.

(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The best piece of information is not supposed to

The best piece of information is not supposed to be available to anyone

VERBO NA VOZ PASSIVA (BE + PASSADO)

'supposed to' = tem idia de deveria

Logo, a resposta para esta questo CERTO.

(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The word one (R.2) is a numeral.

Esta foi uma

Logo, a resposta para esta questo ERRADO.

Chiefs agree to the principle that intelligence

VERBO NA VOZ PASSIVA (CAN BE + PASSADO)

Logo, a resposta para esta questo ERRADO.

The word threatens (R.5) can be correctly

corretamente substituda por menaces. Questo difcil, que exige o

Logo, a resposta para esta questo CERTO.

Believable and opportune intelligence can

can decisively replace

the action of the police

any police action

Enquanto a questo fala que inteligncia pode decisivamente substituir

Logo, a resposta para esta questo ERRADO.

Logo, a resposta para esta questo ERRADO.

(CESPE/ ABIN/2004) The USA surpasses other countries in terms of

technical intelligence collection.