Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Ave.Iil(~a
Jbul.
o
Sacreta;ria
Jl8h3l.
material
ail
fruto
12'JJ
'Esta.dol 'da Edu ca~ao do PaJBfla. s 0 P'r''D;Q]fsma: E'ure ~:a" v9icu lado uma vez qu'a· In:ao
a esaa de man da
t3JDttorn'o.~o,~:n:pfJles,S-EW.O~ h
d~e',P'r,of,esscn3s," eem
s9,
pf1e..ves.tibu~aj'e<5" 'f1!U e
5 srio "tmnsmUidels'
i
response II~mriam
pe~[a pir:radu~i"c.l pee ago.g~'ca do material ~ It r],fiodu~ao de: 100 ,tuJla.s 'qu8
I
peJa TV ,Ed ucathla,f. co,rup.1emerdam,' ssta a~io e' aii]cUJI:am 0 ,m,a~91~i\~.~ Impressa· a
1~,r~gUJ agQm
diiscipUnares.
aj'm~nto
nos
eonte'~d;o\$
NClssa e.xpecta~;rv,a. E' q,u,Ie., :~endo acesso :21 !~OdCM;, "estes, ,ma,1e,r~a.is\J" i'ene
19
seus coleg',as se
'0
.SI~UaJ:
pmfe:sspres,
pa ria
ra~nza!~ao ~,C1Sl!sitJudos"
DIRETDRIA G-E,RA,l,
,Rica rda
,~,_
~!U"p' 'IED~j '~N- D'E~lNC'f'l'A''..' D' ,A,' !I;;, ,'_ :_: "~r-A'"""'. 0'1 n..&,llr,lll, ~ - --, ' .';.Ii. '. e'D"U-C~A' _:
L8 Wile H utn er
C:DiQ{RDENA,GA,o :P:EDAGOGICA, 1'!i1I'''iirU nnberto ~ G'<il'I;[I!"O n~ e,("!·...,. !f~ll"~.1 ~ us H 1...:11 lu~-'"_ .:__ "_', .I~!r ,,"_, "'I~,~~y
1 il ili~' I l_
INTKODUCA10
~p~' d}ke~ (MJ, tJi1lE.:h~~t:.e I~t~a I~RacioD.:l.do :ffi ~~l1:cia, do fe:n'mu~flO vidilli e dUt:] seres vivus-" e1IlJJ ger.!lli].
'~Q
. . . ,-
'..,,'....
A BIOLOGJA. ·ttab~de
min~,a~~:;. 1,4% ttl!'; pro.ooin4ts,~ 3;% d..e l[ipl,cli]osr c:n'baldr,SL~fl·e 1(~ d~ ,jttcid.~oo nLH:~ll~.k~DS, .
d~
·£11,'0
d~~
!I2I..!J.L,.,.,VJL'!I;I~
10
.~
,""'"
myel
~~~.JiJ~
.""",rPJj,.,
~@1,~rom
'~H'O
0 S~lI!.:m~o'",
2.. !Or.gmdz9~ii!l1 ,~e;l'ullar 08. se:r.'HS, 'V:kVta~ 3]p(l:"eaen.m.. oom,<t] In.l~LdHde €iEtru.t~ 'e fu.ncWnal It 'eel. Da. Excettta-se, por' I ('t;~~~empro, rimS'- qu,~ sio i\lI_(rru:u]~t~i~S, Os Os S-~E:as.C'J:aLmtmcl,o~ [pm- MUll, S~i l e~lUlla. sio (l6' u[;J~l:o~llitar~8'(~os' :fb;"rtrUld()~ prij~ van i:IJsc'&hi:alas, p,iurlce]1!.lI,a][es au muH:fu(:eh;l~e$. M' iJ,... 1!.. ....'iI~:~, d~, :.' !!Ei~IDutulbWO
.il]!
~ 1f.!isiJo].;a _. ·el;;,tUJriI.:l.
,celul8:9.
de
E' 0
CQ,nj'm'iL'tQ
fl.~ eti!j~:r-g[a.
iii
" A__IUlljWmi~,- t.~S1hJ.'daa IMtrutl!lt~, 1-"~,'fom:!! ~ , de ~l~~ :fuemnM-. 6"~_QS ~t1. S~tein2ST
I,
au, metab61]8]JJd)~
,Z'oo;'togia -,
I~_Q
os animais;
.. :Sot;hiiic'a
ws~
n:~'[nen:m d~,fj~mLe1It'gi~ e
o~~~ 'p~od'tl~'1lJO de
'rr.~oJ'~("1Jla.s aemase~
rea~eE!l
iii
'Catabolis_o
m'1~li:se'
'ri,vt):i3~iEIL
heremt.a.:ri~radade e :te::m.11fiS e
f,lllebr.:l:!J de "ID,Ql~1l1~;3! e UlU a l~ d lula "ou arrg:aJ.nism.@. O~ ~e8trni~i(j dem1l!']~{ltiliM ecm libe.r.S]~1 d,~ellw,gia .
_ tlm'JjUlnW das
de
~, ~Jlf~Q'd'U:f#a'
10;D~Q IMs
_Eoologila ~ e~tnd.a
.i:"eliB:poo~ des ~erfe~ 'vjvos elnre ·m, 'ei d!e:['eB junto a:o sen m'EllWI,
ill!S
tle-ge:r.:ar ll!iiVimS;Se.l"BS d~ mesma ~~cl~ .. A, ~rodT,:l\--ag pt.~1Ltk i~. ~,ehl~]t~~ d~ e~¢,cle~. e;[)Jim .poo;:l:a:n:~ij btti~p~y~1 g par.a:. a mesma, me :nl§D :pstra G inclill.Viclurt .
j
1$ a CH:pamdaDe
5'~,Cr.'0SCDDGDoto
(D,
o ~s(l:irU.GnWI
do
do
1110'S· ,SBt'ef;
\l"1l")lulm ~,
:(DoGie O'OO.D';B~:
'ull~oo'lul~'s
de
p']miCEhtlaLTi'e.~""
ll... Compos,ipiio, It]lUllfmli~,
eel·ulas.·nos
O'D~olo
:~blHJI.d~~n'l;es ·da,
hruta ffiIDhrutl :P[!{le' C].'~eeri mmo• ;r.;".':.t, ·er16~Di' r;'ifS, :rea 1',.'I-.l......,.i ~:s:e l'CWJaiiB cr-e,~(1b[ooD'to 0 con:~ clle fora p;1l",~a d~ntJ[')I) {
.. - t' ~ :Eii:C~fl'-.iYn""
OOl,,!) OE
.14... materia,
:SLLperp~~a,O)j il~t de.pfi'$il~~(J1M m;3tMrla e~. sua sll~dicil~. .N.Ba. Ita Q:H~t;E[bo]]s'[u.'t}! ·"to:daviia.
p~1
AB
Esistem
"riv~$.
Ri!.[l~iSL,
'tamb~m, moleeulas
inotJ;r:Por,~~ood0 lrn~wriaJ
ati'vidade·
met,~11"dliclill
,EiIlO,
cte£:i'Ce1Dm
;e
d~:,dia;lltM
sen
de
J\, p~opol"~ao t'e;bati'va. 1m€(:Hi3i. BU,~'e as ;5lllbsta;n~iM q:lIJemo:s'Litme:m 0' '~o:a:pij dB tum ser 'vivol
~'i
u~
:g~eti~BI
,de5C:e'n~n.'l;ies.
'.
80"r~S· viw~ aq ten:~:pOI 3."lrt-a 1Il,e:s de -pr:cJeeS;~lfJi:a q ij[) e posslbilitam UIUa, maier .a~1]l't~l~O 80. me.-ro~. ' A. :m[tlt~~io ~ e fetl,&n,enD qtae p~H:;dhill1,ta, o~ Sl1rrgilrr:"Hmto ilia nOVIQ6 ~1reJ:;:; laJlterimd~\ :pm1;a]]w" q ·info'l'm.f",lj~ii~b~(J:~6gi~ da ~g]l~ci,w. Pede $e't' '~,pi.)fi't@J:rJea Oitil. ;h"lrluzJ,~, pOi" ag;,e:h'ites ftsit:os- iClU
Eud¢onwsJ ooi~hll~s
i)1!;:Il.
P:liuli~J:ul~H"@'8(
4b ~,
;1 --
PIanta!@ Udem:plhyit;a):
E'(wiEtf'i:Glinj'~!
I
QuimJCO:@i
,00
TIt]ei'Ii) .•
,Apl.-esm,tem] (Celulla.-a
as ~
'1 ,i~.. !C.JfJI'OIJ,! asms eem
-",,1
'I?h_m~lma.re~
'OO:ID
]. P~~I@' W!.!l.j~m
i!:;...1,... - '-" .
Ie £tu!,&Mx,dFos-.
I',
8..I.a,a~
Capacld.a!de' Iqua os seres vlV1iJ'B tern d,s ,]'" estrmulos do 'WQID, .~~'eb~r' ,~ de 'ooa.gl ~ Danemlnames irti"ta:Wb1dacle ia capa.cidEtd_e de
l
t:I:O"-LiLt~"
., fiU
d~ .eeiimlfjs..a~
4-!_.-.......L-...
t~
~!.4~.I!_~
mID,
iil1.:!~~-
,ghnn~:aal
,:pIW"iceltll:ll(\~, e ~pmntaE.
hrir6.]itas!
l:l!l~.6.n'!;"aa,~
cO,mO
,!]-,. :Beino, ,Am hn aj[lja, awjetamaJI~ :EU.~ri{iii]:'It.eS;. phlJ:i~.m~re-:$. hereM:~1't'ifos pn,j" mge1Hfuao. TOOQfiii oa _arhlcmMS~ ,rlaE '8SPOnjaS' :a_'te' o
!5a1iJriidad.e etc. Quan.do as ~Sp'ost~. SM nwni.tora.d.as pelo ~istgID 1!JJBII'V~i a chamames d,~Sl0'llTsibilidadeffi
10
"".,
homem,
:m.j] ~cle~:
~ILfXJI
e Qi~l.1.'t~.
.M~it~rlolagitJ Ci,'n,tiHca
[]"~niil !~rn,r;t~futijca,l~i~a do Set' humane 'G Q ! ~.e pai~ldda: de, k'3~f) ~ab~lb.Q',ciJEn'tl15(lo;" a.. eu~,~:~drade ..' ;Q l:l€;n'~$ta t.mb.aLba '1U,~ a eenstanta 'busca dos i"IlR(P'lt'~. iiced~e !lIS 1'i"'r.tm'llfiS'" ~, lfl llf
p{bD:~
'D''''''D''ICII'I'''''p:''n
~'II!!!! ..... IJ-i!j::!!,.,.i;,I~1
,~'tivi:da..d.es "kn.'~m~r~ r-nri~fi d;,t~, cOit!i,[I:il~e~' do eil~, roeto em q11le wvem.. Cil3lpaciJdad:e,essa ehamada de:
~,
~iJ:"8S
vivcs
~~.Q
CELP~Z:@~
d~ ra,gt~.1ruF'Sll,H
0
'~iot
'
~~r e
,moo
01S, ;~i~.~ns
:j[.o.. :M~o
OotiJ~~de:r~;:se' pu.r,' ~me~m. a v~.I®.!t~o. d!a. t~os1~M cle um t'"Ol~ n~ d.eeOO"el' do ,temp~ em 1JflaL~~D a 11m pGRW; di@ re[G~mj:1a. _ N,ps animaia '8 ,~'8U.z:aruOJ Ellt~·;av~~~, do'
{i~J.~:ri:l:cnl"O II! nm~· v~g~mis~,:iMl Il:.r."o[iJSm.o~ ' :iliaii!l,ti£m,~ t e
-, .a;i!oifii J!; C."[~"!i!I'''''!Io'C: "\', ' _:' ~
",.(;;".0".,=]1..-;., -, 'lD:~o y;u i[;;I;'Y'I, !Qil!&il I!;;.'!!J,
dlo q11.e:,a. ,B.imp']ei3 IQ_ttge:rva~.'o d® i.11Jtos~'bu;SC(I, D B.X.plica~_jj dB sua - -_. ;::;t:" - _,;~ "'" I ~ =9' -- - ifII~""""r ""f3 - "" - "";:.;(1i "• .l-t'l!'iiif';'\<lj"" Ai.c, ~U.1:3 le'XI,"; ~iPL"'lll1 -m"" ~ re.~ ~-'" ' :~..., O.;)U~"",,~.U.!;i.'cU;!j<>La II;,:I!..... "" . "" Oe(ai['l~,n~]a. 0 ci,el1J.tism :5Ll~nl. de· aeumular mfortml.a!~e1;i~ ind;Ellga as' ~~~5~ ~nt:li3 .-IOS t]artt,ots
'U.'Dlla1S,
natueesa
a cgnJJ;p-g'"dl!eu~~jbJ a d
~u",~m.~.as ~
jjcti!H ~, ,
'Ylilll;'"~
f:u~m]'OO:S~ os
~
A, ~;j§]]cia:. QI,'lme~'UIt'h,:i_ t;fl!1r.~~t~: E'I.!iT01=UllJ~ t;::tl.t-oo' ua os sicwos' XV' e XV1.1., dU.ralilte 0 Blenascim!elIiJo, A. ci.!mcia ~1110]_~ .rOtttl~ da ICOriliecime1il.'Lo! ,que: uaa H1etod!Js J::igOl"fjiSUS'PaJEai. exp:~ie:e:~ ie.ri;4)';mf!nGs 63
'So-frG.D): :~p.(n"'fid~o~e:nte
rU):~Q~:iD.tie'J~~e.s
8'~mp,r;~ que
'WV@
mit..ud.Oi
et.3,pa.s. dtil
do. mUl1d,rj
'tmn, wudadQ.
:1. 'OhSel'V,8~O
',0 ciftD:tt~
F- ,..,~
ji'
~I!!I'
Tlma 'da.,s cla~~m,e~ijeSl r[[~JS~ aceli.ta~, 'd,'Oi$, ~e;s"ViWBIL em ID:eI,a~aiQ'8QiS 'N[ItO;3'" :fOj, plropa5i;a pm; Wld vta:k__~'r !!3:m ~9B~'. 8uim-;r. WIJ_ ,~s vivos 'fuI'i!I~' agru:pa:d~ :e'tlt letrne~J f~eitILfi':" Mcme.ra; P.mtJifl!'I!a.,
L" lft,
~V'
for.ma ,o~I\l'temp;l~tiv~10"'" :E~l;il;,o~~ ~8i de rmm.iffil ~,eB,iti"&a,~-~., ~m e u in-lei. QtJ Fa,zo~ cieiIld~'(j'
de,
"
~1ont~, ~el'l11Em'~I~ SJemp1rurt~ :e" sem 'm~wm~:]dllirui ~'Urtoh-mQS!(r,@~jii'.am'f~bo®3jltm~~ lQU ' q.nim:ioss\rrJf:r.fe~~ 'OOm, ap'~ini;;la,ru'Jj!en,~ TO ·m.i1
~j
liB'
de
'U:Dl
~OO
~ cianroThceas
Q'lJ'
ci~b~[ii;s)"
~2:. 'Re:ino PD.-"otm!ta,; EllcarLonEM ,wlleeil~-e8j ,oElllftnll'TIiHl'9J, (f3zetn futo_$Hfure2~~~ rum pThfllSt~ at1J. b.m-.e:rlJb'Of~ ,800' a;s o:!io'lI~, -~-t)--' ~"":;~e.:if"i. rnl-;; -~ ~.•g~' S'1· .]- G' "";, p!OO'_!)'M:!,.;y !!JCI [J.'IDpJlS ',[""-Do' .....-'II;.IO-Ill ~ ,w_ e~~., .•. i )11'9:'-
~nteqJ:reitad.aI$' i:flVimdo 0, ,cw:n:t1!&ta: ,iiJj :OOtmul~r 1;auum hlpot \'!~ cj~tifll~(I,. A 1d,:putE:s~ ;-'j.CDt'(fi,ca S'e IconstiItm 'nun_ 'wft&tirvill .all:- ~~l'j,c".j!;i.odJ1liJ1
fmOlJilillllQ.
I1nahD~-H'l?iD' Ide '1l1J1 brjlj6~ese Ap6s ,3. reuniaa de im~g~es feno:mJ~TII!o, elas rIQO ri~®1l1lentB
:8~bm urn'
pil18d]seuiEJJ~ H
~ . urn s~~"Pl!G~~ P$lJJlI':,roo,_,. ,m~~ t~n51, (,"(rJ,mo b:;]8E]l mffli,~rnl~Q!e;9 J,{l eenheeides sobre 0 assuato, Dunm.w a ·mta t~ltn'li.ruJl~aQ1r Q eientista ~Si:];~,
Evldentel'ue;r:Lts,
'1!I~,
Lei:
IC:~
,e meijU),
e' a. OOfitp'l'Qlr,a~.
~)BIv:jgtR
pets.. hlp6be.se.
I
eie~,tf.llca da Wlelacio
·mnt~rp.]~~:t:~ '1f']jl!'!5l no ~oda3 as in:f{rrm~~~O;~~ :~b:r,~;ej}tes: da natm~u~ ,A. tern.'i§!!ou sis~ ,~ disp(}tdvei~t' p"ro~~o ,oom]lu~ru([u Ci]'mfi !~Oldl~lo~~. 5i~'OO5e' dl~~ei~, :p(]m(,'"Ul~ro5 ] ira,d~6, por. uma
:0]:8"
i:;t
'-J1e~,ria;' {: 'lltlQ' ,~t:mj:~l11,b; df: '11~Inhe~lIn~~'~~ ,snrrrn)]J~~ qus pr()(!:I.1r;A e~p'Ur:a:r fe~m:etio~,
e ,~
4", Detd.~i"o
,~p]ie:~:~8fiJ, '[J(nU,lillimm~
8~
fi~lf" p;_.:!~v,d. de 't€i5te, o eientista, Gnw@I' i~[I. a ~p,~_hilid~~l~ da hipdteH e" se fot" '~:r:e<rd~aLd.e ra ~ e ~1Ll i i:IJ,$, '~Quseqll@;nciiiH]\. ~.im ,el~'. far~t uma ,d.educao. 'p~'1,i'\MldQ ~ 'lJt1leir~ ,a~liltec'g.ll;'i
,So .'EXperi.m:ellilaQ3o C:ia1Jtifi1J9 MiuJ:tas, il>reJ~tea,~ clentistas ger.ar~ c~~,mr:_oos ,~:s OOIl!bol~(jjas 'P~, testar ,~lJ]a$. hlp6~M~, m.etrulo
em ali] 3.1 113 sua t,!? , v'Oce perceueIL ,~ A·~~ :Si!lIJ..ijl" _ e, ,.u.'~,[JIe:1:ll'in;fl!ffmen .l1L11.J1J1.iaC8i: !~b~ndo. V~]n ,~.[1t.o Ida. j'm1Bi~ar virndQ do ~dor~ A.
gl!J;pcmhga"
"""" ~1 ~ • .
,ql1~~'V'o~e HQ:~ja.
i1 ~~.lc~JtJlsegUe cb3'~t"do
Oli!'
rO'
----_._----------------
.:
cilama,d.o e'.1'[[il~'rime.ntrl'~io. IQlL~jO ,pI"QC~8am!Q~i um ~1?e::rim.ettflo ~ie:utrfi'o!il CQIfQ;par,BLmflr:!l, duo .si ,. ~~Des ~ufr cl.ife:l'mn: ,en:ba '15,i ptKr' 'iJIl1.1, w:[i,e~ u ~ecto~. Q'~r;;I.ih:11111!~nt~ '~UC'~~ ij~~ des -ti~~:mo~ 'm8:bru:'~ '~pl3'.cinJl'!:n!l'bo cl.e.n.trnt'\Q; :c~r~eIJts~ d@vie e.$tar ~d~~ttad~J ;~, :U;:ti:p6te~e;q:iJLe' §~ de$e]~ 'ItE~~;Ul"'.
. E,n,q~iillmw, ,gen~]na ,ill 'h,uman .. re~,ela 'pme, i~ o .8eu~ ~gre®e:;, t13, It!i.lie!J. eN.p]o(ll;e ,3 pt:Jl~mica ~cibt'e
,~p~ms~
de[1j~tl'(!~..
DS Vel;TIe,g
IG. ConelillS:fi,o
da d.edu,f;fl,jj atraves Ide novas ~'bg;lH9~aJQ5C8 ou 0X~rim,e;nt.Qs~ ~ possivel 'gJr(l-r ,eC!L)r:lt;m(jes' ,~ ~~i'lQ qa 'me.lSm~. 0
Apjs
'd'_..
eoloearu ,~_ p~blew~' dU,3, liimU~.e~j da' ci:etJlcia p1:.i!t:l;C'1.p.a.lm,e.rrte, ne terrane des ,aH.mA~HitCN~~
tran s;gen'h;~~~ enqnm:ruto ns 'Glenristae, piBblJ pri,m~;ir~ ¥~:t::;, 'v,~ as P~oli~S p~aID.ao 'll]]Jais '~~~~} e. tn aM, ,]"·ec.u:r,sof:;i: p8r~ UUl '[feooit"' q_n.e ~9. l~t:l1I1'1O
p~1JlC_G!;ih~ Cf.gr,~]{
Urn lJlg:.
0' twimstt·,j)
P~OOl'al"O'
Sl'llaui!J
ijllnf
te&1t.Et
d!l:!&~e~
1 ,.
;:r:
ii!'
.J
oJ:
,.,
,Ji,
'7 NblU~~lo
e ro~ch.tsaes ~:iien.t.ulC$ ,ii3M cla'1LUi.ea't3. nas quais (0 Ci.'e:tlti:S~~cl~~cr'0V1~'em detal hes a P(lh8lqlJJ sa '~~a1iJz~GI:a~;.m:tl~eJ.aba,~ e 'te'~h)'UJ,:;w, h]p6t~g~ e, c eom.'~ dl!l:igou 8i 5JL~, ~(rtlcll16jOOa. TIm 'tiI.-.-ibMb~ ~i~ntrui:eo deve ~e:t clam 10
M d.esooll.el~
(~faz'Cr ~ur
qu~~, 'uos 'pa~jje s~r 'bj";a'!In:sty;r,ooo. a Amt51nido ~mb~ul TIm Jll'obl~ma ,~e:riD d~\ '~'ktQ~ 1(;: '(iooJlb:llva ~;Ij:tii'l!i a cl-eoclia. ~ p(iattl~.• E 'tfw:i.bem d~ re1a~ao. O<Ut a. igl'eja.~, 3, !~UaJ, ,M'tll:tipUcit O i08 ~b.lS i:iIJter"ve:mo~ sohre e tem.a da hlomc.S!l.. 1emEl~ <~~qu~t~· ,e O!Ji\mp:]~i3 ,tJ:_·(ls,l€!'v..am;a'. de :p:rofilndm e com as miEid,o[t mai~ ,e_'iCf}]].riiidns 1lo I
]jnme:rtl:. 'lhUtSIS
•• .) 'im'i ..
il.
COflt[i~~
q~Ul!
eom
.1i1iufic:ie:mte
pam
que
.'qUWqLW<Jr PeBElO8.!
105
rspcrti·'[D e
'cien,tJfioo
RCeSSl\r,et- ~ todes,. .
d.eve· ,Sier
"tlPQrton;te'
camiu'ho ~ ~['. hiTh:rJl!d.u ,Pfi1JQ~' pesqlilig~rlOf:'leS. _Iq;@! bnsea do (:Gw..1JtiJ~(:j;m,enoo" Hiipo,te s,~ l!3o'u8l1s't,@ na '~l'I~ativa de
0
',Dr]','tgdo~,
pe1Ei~8a·? E :88 ~~im, ,([tlffi1~ '1 ..] '~JJ:pr)~, :It!\!, JtL9'IiO qUt~ 10 "JU1TH~Jn PlvttlEOO 'r;eSCl',~,V.e'r' r~tra ves da :[l1Lani.,p!Ul~Q te;~etieaJ das p,3fttaa de animais, ptitobl@'m;j;:t~ OQ,mo a. fon:)l,e. e 8 mude? Vcis. d~, :m,'8do a ~transgen61'biica:l" ou, votes ~'Pilm.s~m ,nlil~' as: mub~aeSl ~azetn P~. e- es~i;Q,·ll.g~d'()8. COn'll. ,at 'hlsmria d.G D.G!lID<em?''Cmllo, gar,antir re~-m:f!~B e ~ ih~tm~dJ~aQ[5, cie]1t~·~tas?. 'q;ll;o' ''L!'OD~S pensam dos 0 '~.o,~'~~e.nbi~:~~~&1e ~~un1m d.~ i'gr::~:~J~?: ~ j~to. :pQr '~imit~
I~
(r..ij(fjL'~i
d;l)l~iI!l,~h, ~1~!bJiu'!,~
,2iD01'<I ,&alia) •.
ec_~li,ci;lia!tJ;.
de' ''tUn
r.erJl~~]!e:n'c)j~l
~a,u;
Abiogi.De5~ E lJi.ogep.e1ie.'
JriltJr.D'U~'<(ji
Um dos m51~FUnbo~ mais ~5tim:tillantea· biQ\l{lJ~~~~~a-jn (ffiu:tida, 6 ,~ [JFi~ da vid~~. S~to deis monl\~Jl'tjj)a muite dtmtit1ftos
cli~cu~ao do oo.mu;
'(ftiimiU ap3r€CtllJr.am. la.!i5
~8
:irlLa.
pID.~D:J;e-i1lf'._
~Pw.n.e:ta 'mli~ ~im:p]e~:rnem.'ft.e::? :O,UDl de,itenm:b:l~dD 0] om ettto eomo _mtu ~tr"'u:tw.1:tS v.i~, ,s-ao
I
P.1.aneta. Th.:rra e eomo :eler~s ~~i'vC!~~ fDOf rums mmnh~5 quo pfJ[I;~~f.tml' S!!u,~I@In ·~'1Utl~, ~~~·mini'l~:lo d .. '[Lwment~j ltlt;rl;tbi~,t;)" Ate 0 :~w d.p .s~P1Jliil XVIDJ m ngll~'m ·d:my]d.~nf,[Jj ,tell1b.re· a O'l.~gemJ de d,et·.&.i.":fi.dnado:~·sel~S, 'vU. ~.O$. 'CQ;n]'~ OGi5 .. III1.;mf.ai:u]s, luil" ,ex:em pil~. foram, l:ru.:d:t.is. d~vidas' sobra a forma ,q::iOO11[~i aiP~cirun. ~)ut .. 'tt~),S~ '&in. u1l'iH:1! ·t;:;o;p~i'caC'iiiol viive'] a~ ~~eS~{iliii!:i de~. ~ha a im3Jgima~:u.:· mm.WiS gr[Jlrgt.arm. ~l1!tmlemltl:en:t~· It. 'parti:lt d~ 'nmt~ri~, bntta~ · .. .......J ~I! ]1 ~''''''''' d'""W:T'1DJTI~O~ pmm~Jl~ pOwam S1Jt'gj.~ u~ :PJta_(!;~; OOttl"fj dlelbe~1:l'!I~"ulag. p~.an,i;~ pomaJm, £!;1l:F~m:r de' animaia, Perceba que .ni D\g!;hem e stava a. .QUI!~tii))nar~~ori\gonlJl. daa 'prin'Wir,as r'o:~"U'lliM vhr~6':n.o
ilO
I~~ i ."
a, .~,
tf:b:~
iLl.::vidiil
tiP~f¥ ,de '1Jj];®roorias_ '0 Driucipfio .o'i pCU'iJq1te'um 1000fI). tee:mldladJo ,om8li 'Be: -desenvo,1.ver e (!Irigina:r lIJmj IlJOV~ set vi[vJ]. ,Affi:mI['JilJ, que' ~:M ~v~I'~o.nti~ JLml' ',rill' ~{pW~ijv~ ~'F~tftl, patti-C'w:xfj qu;@ exllH~a ,~ im:p.~tbiUdade I~le naiscew UItD, !;i.pc, a.e, animal a. pmtir' do avo de outm tipo de' 91lifmal. Arist¢1"lieles ,aerednl-avSj, qu~"arnfihtQ,s e oop~ma" podiam 'mil1ooir dOl Tho;a:O_O-Ig~~Q "ijQ fuOO;e. Id.o~:l~g~s;, loontidirJ, em
,~.t1vo: an~wtil;'
•• j, •
uma.
eapaeldade
,fl]~
para
'raze~'
de-tenni:l1rDIWL
C016.B!
.,,".:!l!]' 1· ]. .1(Xl'-'~:pl.JlCia.~:p:o]~e:<'em:p .
~I
lilt,.'~ptm'~'FIief1tn(~·:ntre:;,
,No, ~~n
fOSfSeti\
!~:9lmi
•
XI:
q'lJJe cmt~a· ~Q~,\es. 'tinh3!lml mttDs oontmldo ~, pm:fu~.tarrJ;~.nW: iTa-'! na.d~ em ~w interiiot. , ['11 famos.o m'~mc~J @ ~c",']jJl(l. \1"Ir P~.nle0i3lo5Q. d X
i~;:ilqe\fell.1!i.
ICI,tiglna~ ,:.. h' ., to..,..".,:-.-.i:' ",",;,~,,,,,~;:,; =~~ , a: ·ffi'ffi.~mu.''lIiT"' ''it 18Js.n,~ O'JLJ!l±h.~!b.ru~ o::u.iJ,'1tl1:B1.va::m.
f!j(m.~.
loih~iI;!lrV'a~ue~ ~:Q'Iy.re·. .
l
~;t
g~iI:"',~:tiao
~]uradels.
-n ;
..' ~- ';J!_ .;.'1.;:' ._ .. Q!' pnmen."(l; rojllli~o..~ . .l]c~~, ws~, e axilt~i!flinBnm' 0' q'!J~s-tio\lli';l.m@ffiltt~ m~~lI: d!tt "riilla da
,r~JS..,
Q:ilitQI
N~ s~lo xv;. I,. Q' 'medico. 'belp J~.iUl Bta;ptbtt{i!' ~ IF!~.f,m.t 0:.577-1644)1 w'~g.o'~. uma J[":C;r..e&:ta ;~ra pr-,od.U2ilr" r.iffilkRSl ,I)tl.l" ahi!Cl,gf:.De-.!HB":. ~:C!l,QoSJ~bejln:'IJlm' canto sossegado re peuee ihl1l11in~.d~; ea:m]S(:j\]aJ~S'ujaJ:e' Sll3.daS·, ,es:p;aJhM.dio-se: ~a~ dH t:dgp SGbre ~l:a'9\o Sw~a~ c:am,u:mrlillfigo,Si
i ••••
a, 'W.ad~.irml~:od;~,~entee QUl1i:.ms
ICl}ii$~'.
(Ill)
le5pallltEru!llle~'ll~e
.-..
+,
Jlelmuru"~ 0
em
']lml.cipiQI
~11I
_1'='.
;~
I[;'i
..l.~
-mnatffi.iBL brnta, em oo[lC]:l~oes '~eciafs!, f.~iS8e ~8[lPBlrZ d,~ origh'1rar m ~tGria '"iv~j' de f,ij-~;. efJpnn biJi[¢~,
'[d@,i~ ~uc" o"fi;gililml: a 'cha1Iil;;JLdla e~na. .. t
'~ont'b£a,
R[iL'anlaW ~,
,~,bj!D~in~~ ~a hi~~5e. ~a pt~ e~p(lntitle!!ll :fen d[~gelil,wol\'ida :p~"-a terltl:t" 'e:x[jl~e~l.' slu~gimL~nto., 0 ,ar;P8Fer.r.1Iil~m,e.nt.e subritLJ,:\ d,e
DU
dai ,gu.~~io
in:ce]echl~. Mia ~'pr}~a. 'Thdas! QQ eonelu sfies, fb,:rall't baseadas ~m Ifjbs~va£.oe'Ei .diretas I® JJa .~ ~Hlp'nsi,ad dill ~JjQ a g:0~tID~i\Q: -s,o:ntiin~01Ii, e 'fo9~e :[1;#hne-nte ~(3_Y,el.
plantago
,BlitJ;genes>e inJter,e,Ssa;l:we ~ pilll"t:iF d.~ :sSeW.JJ ,XVII.. . MuLiAtOg, Im.'e~ti:stM, pusaJ:;,imI, a ~1ie_s'tif!;naE .a gern,~a~ 1@~pmo;mn0a. FOl ']1'l'-oposta 9 ~ria' d,e .qu.e . wao ser 'V:iivo if;:.'-r~, for:m,::adn a, p-:;lI"~iil: de: urn ~~1[Jlt..-n'- :alE!iI' 'i.i'i'IfQ ~.,e_rist~lttt!~!, .~nd.D- "Ch:am~.d~! :par,a. ,~roo.'1J.tr:8.por ~ ;ge.r-apa ,~po\!1.t:§]le}a~, '11R-oria Hal. _Bjfig@ne.S£i~ .Bl'o~&r~es£
t\"a;q~SOO VE.f'5:fl:Si
nnti\gQ8
11-... •
A ahiog,fuleEie .Cei mu]w,' difundtd,31lentro!E' ~v~t1 d&l. Iridial Chima (3' Egito-., Amfl:!JLe-ueia:d~a
.p..tnl'fli~. o~liweJ1!.Li~~J$ ~J;O(];'l:'J"eUi. "IfIa.
.
:0 te:ma 'mi~
da 'Vida, mmeQou
::i~;
b:u:t:tat
'[!;CU!11,al :n~,
·'2.
;L'
b ne .11' ~~.ira .
t.e-1IlaE~fm·~
(1'642-17:271. A, 'hipa:l:eae p1"{jipOg,ta.. [)Olf ,Aris,t6fQi].e~, _-t.inha '0.0,1110batBe :a ,emt&1im, de, unl. ee.rto fjPli.ft~Pii.ol
O!>;,~"~,,".,,,,.... "
D,L_~·~,'Uf
Desearues
'1l~t.m:tis:tM ~p_j,port~ntesi.W(iiIOI
(1.59'6=:16,5,0"
e Iaaae
N'eW·tolil
a~re
Abiogef.M!'lSliB'
=~
.""nl~':n,'.a.L[]UI ...... - -"'" ,;:m.",.. --.,. ..", ..... ,,j;, .... ,..;!' ... '" Uc !lC'... flLu ,~l1.Ji~'.Ii..1UlL ,--,Tn
[~~:-lU.cJ~l
;-'''''''''.'"",n·
"'*..;;,,~.,.""
rWJLC"FU-..:;a ,,1 ""
1l.1I}~
RedinU~A:dos
'Il' O(lml$~O
cchan'\ada
'do ,~C,WI!Ji X:\nl'~F.r911JCe\sC(;j1'Boo·~ 1(' It)21~""lS971! b~:(.~'n.go,~ m,~dicti, de' Flflt"(2:n~a'i '[t'1eaHzou run. .,~e.i.tioa I~~ti.menros lSo-b]'\e ,aJ, ori~~m d.~ s~ v1v~. 0 offiljie.ti;v;o dQ ,~~rlm.trDW' 'fui:lnve~tjp:r; ou~ a dn: ~l~S, 've~.nri'~; ,qn~~.
Em.
oos·
~fu.'~io
..
apmire:rJ.meIr)bj,. Pela Obse':r.v:H~O' ~di ~tl [lLm£l 'hip5'u:;se: '~'Qs '~l--el:l' ·venir1lW,nne~.bJfI· '~Wi'lr---et;e:m'n~, ttJim~' em q prI];tre:t~tio :re.pre'MUl:~aJnl lIm est:3)gi6ina vff.la das
A~J['\~c IVbiV:El"'8e, q.].;]e t~i:s: !fVID7D-~~~'~ S:Wrgi~m' ~o.:n.taneafitetite da .'p."llp1.'i3. earne leD:1 pmre900 d~e:
~~p:rm;l\liy~.. ~gicRU1L~~nJte"
ig~f'.:l3;t:ij],
it;lJe~er.rn-m SUlI"gilir.'
de!' '._~
meseas,
811'0 ~a:n-r,iaj;;:t,
tEe acl~aitav~
.~~~
Q,I!lC'
co·roo ]'1~n1t~u:1(l1.
uMci1.II!en:t~
as 'm~st";~_s'
ndmern' rumor ~. ad.ept~, -est~ Q;ieTl~tas; ~~sa]l'~m a in;ves~i~~ ~,it P'l!~J'!i'cW'" ~:1JI:e ~ ;b~,~\tJO' Ies:p Orl~it.l a:n:e ~ I'D. 8 Q ·~:uIo·n,e e i. 81L iIlil e erelll,ew t :~.~ClBi,
~.!t
pai
it!lm
'mj~,oorgai:Ji]sn1os~
iIi'~~. IIU' -. m ~Vt:i!
larvas>J &Iilin, reallzou vmo.s ~er-im1B!ll'tQS em que eoleeeu C~0 dB voFirm anim:ai~ mnA~ws d!3 b~c~.: '~l'ga. Algt;l!nS .IDh:rrllirn:. \'f,ed.ad;~. Calm. tilt·a gaze· e eutros l"JJi6. Nos .itasCO:1ii· veaados: pela gaz:.® nenhnma larva a·n_a:-FeQ;;;;,u----: :p....~fill., .• nos al;~erl""s ... _. iii'" - • • E;l: , _ '" - -""'. . _.... ~, enda as moscas 'tinham livlWe aeesse, logo ,S1~. Jarvss
.'Q --. _ .~~' _
'nao origina~.
I( If:ht5
~17.2"3~ I:r.U_[[['~~U um experimen tt.u para 'V,eriHrcar' a wlgem dog tnicr.o'C~,rus.m~. F:eI"veu. 'tmm "ealdo :n.1l.ttiti~n'j_o te~jJd~ 'POt hase (] c:iddio de.. IC,a:rme e. eoJ)OOQ'u.em. v,m.-]o.~ -fraacifis ]:meviallre:nt;e lim])es. AXguJ']~.·ferron 1I:."oijhel~8'CO'Jl'l1 pmcg·~IDho e
'~,·e~-e,_~~Ji" _:elnt~ uma 1U),t1,u. l-" _In E'JD 17·U ·.Q :pooquig~r ft,~~f Louis .Jab-lot '.'J
,j.., ....,.., . -. 1
21J~t~
diu
~"i,\I'OU
qr.rL1J.e-' es
f1:al.fi!LCfl~: ~"08'
apru;"cc0ram ..
']~]"v~. vcrifirolJl
b',:Ei;nmrru~'Vat"!il
.PO'l"
~
(l_B-
mll~
identmlci3iS
~il
- u. .. e ita • que :I]' ieam ve dad'.,M; :i!U) c~m.U.- n(!.J.~~:"' !ta.m. ,1i1~e.!i:l'.W~· ., de ·llil&Cl:OOrg.ifJJ],is.TI.lll~~ ·'C,on'--'l~u. e:n:c:{i.o, Joh,~.ot qill,~ Irn,~, :n1: iCrOQFgaRiiSlwiuS surg'eUIL ,iI.. "'H'Ur de
rti~e:nn~n't~. :lIDicl"'OSoopilea1fJ!' ol.. HIi,~! h do· ,M; lei ~ -' ~~,iib ',,., ;;III~ ,;i ~ • :__ 0 eS:PiITl,nf,an[ea.m:~e ., PIRrI.J!:r' 'Ula Bal.'e1L.I:3i. Ic-onru,da DITIII CaJdo .Dlut~J't.hl~i'
ICO~
mWto8"~m'pDj$iliIlIQ8'
~,em:pLo- em ~'~ffllgu.eii.t.
fie:o~l
,- ic:r~s
v~ifo~s. .pu.~aJ~i~'
I~~gt~,e~,
'mcl!D lat'V~.
de
qu,¢ '~:paw~'i~, 'nil! ~;,tme ~, :nio ~ fJri~l,QjS, pO-l'" g~.a-fiJ:) .~:il)1,~i);D:tw.;mm~ fsj~i;aIllIi!. .~~ dnl_
\l1Id,a
il:tas ~~,
,~am
ape:ttaB'
''9'a.r10$
a ~egu]r com rolhas, Es~g3. su.c'Q8. 'nuc~ri.'ti·vIO:ij ft~irolT~. fe:[to5 a base de ,c~dn d@~~ .... :S18!f.'-Ode 'vegemi~' e ,onUQE I".quido quLe ,[fOl1t.Inb,i!am ·~.rti~]a:\i ,~dimmlil;4i'~"\~~. I?garoa. dfia.s ~}~O:[8: O~. I~a;lid.@s: ICC! n tin.l~.:iftm gl~~~] de' q 1LI,:±ttliii~Jad.e de·
1J'n·~·'mr'~qJm::J!irsmfJ8.
vedando-oe
fra~c~9 e
ealdo nuui.tii!,.:liQ em
Joh.n
NE!Hdh.,:ELD
@gr~eu..p(}1"
t~.t~ m,In.ll'tos,
•.
cle:\tGti~, '~r dieauw:dJl' todGs· ,~ :m](:.]:'Q~r:-g~.]lisrrln~ ,Pc:]I~~e'i:iLtffs. n(} ~ frasees 'e. 'q.'Ui;iB1.., uma ve:z veda des nenhurn 'roitl!!1oo'lMit'9n;~,sm,{j' de:veri.iJ. b:tI';r ,a:Jt~:Vles:t;flatl q.U.aj1:1UCr raJb.iffiJ.OOIWD 'explWiB;X a ad·gem. des mesmos?
,CollSidel'mllk~ qw al ferm~, 'C'oD"mtthu Q.ue ~:6 lLavi'a.
'hlml~
e1i.':.p\lli:,ei3:,~io:: ..
G'
d~
F.I!:'_aD.ce£HJOr
ahalaram a ~redJhU]ihtde.ila
'mmi_§![
)R[i;d.i da 9bio~J[lese-.]_~t]~J'
U:imiI ~riga,
'pnrriictdwr"::
SipaUtlnlZiin.e
.¥.Ii~~v·a escjf)l~~rta.'Ir..-rtfU}tt'JLlrml d ·
~T..a
p~l--a es de:reilBo~~ da ge:r.iii~id, .espOtlttlnea, 'Q hO'[;li_ndt1Js: A:n.bm.l@ 'van lA&cU;~nhoolt. n.a32·]' 129} Binda 00 secmQ :xv.illL usando 'tlh:m!:il des D'licrot3c-6pios Q U Q ,~1:8 mes me 1f~ILb.,rj,~,~r des co bt'l 'Ill . 0 ~ fl.
mi~"Q~m.~ (hact&r.i,~,.~
N~bMII '.' m padre ~it.Wi.EJJ;rw", ]:"-a~Z;i:tlfO SpaU.anz:~;rl] C] 72'9-179~)~. ·iio.te e cin~o ~nQ!:iI'i1l]-aW~Ti'dB··~.·~IU~t['U. ·'Va.rj_:i!i~ 've:zet]i expe~i1me.]]WB ~ame~l'.u:[[)jtea. ,~Oi5 de
N~~dHr[~.m~)~mj ]
ilbtern'dn,·~"£u.]tu!t1o~ d:i.fey,~nt~$,·
hera, O~
O~ def~l](i!'es
Bra.. biil~e~e a
~~ p3C'ic]ade·
GEi'
'est~
,~.dIJ.
1Q-q19(IT(?
-t.ein(p&
,de, m~ 'I"es~rinz~' 0 ealdo nutrith~o~, VeilSy90 'Dim on;!li, .fhra, eficienE'~' im,pedir ,9. ,oo~\1io ,dla
.~tivas
:Sp~
.~
ooaelmhl. q,IIe :hovimn. !drmas, '0' mTO' de .N\@dlnm: ,ttIJlL @ mIo :mrn 0 :~cleD.te ,para
11,:" !lgl!lJl,-
_mim~~~o
~'a" ..-
....'.,.-)d'~",-"
I!U!'
.lU!.1 ..
H.......
-_
onde (l11Jl_ebrnu 0 @ID:""Si~.~ode alguns .I'hts-c-os pm.',i5lJ. quB' P caJdo n-1J(trilj-~ [i~S8ili' ~~ppgtQ. ~o ar ii@ cidnoo POl' ,algl1lTI!~, :mil'!J;JIJIII~~.. Ved;oo:~al'~nova.mente~ ~o fn~ . ApOiS iI',ea miffil'S lOS Ii:~s, esta."tam comp1.'etam.e:rcr.te ,,~d~nti~
Fr..8JJ.u::ega d~ C.l~nd8S. 'b:nn@jd~5l
IWL~Pi::""""'m'
!!oI'!!!'"~r!'J,!-.~~ I
Pa f.ltei!J~r.
alJtr.e:s_cn.'~_Qu
·~U.;ll
CC!i:WJj.'~l1!l~,aol ,~
p:~tes,
'I,Jj. ~
00' Hi!
:~(l(E'
·mi:cr,~~l!]tg.nli~s.
'rn ""']"' ..,:"'.,....~ 1"lI ..l-..i.:ll'it,,,,,,,_ ....
_~,~ ~..iIJi~'~'~~~-~;1!1! _.-~. !~~~
0\5 membres
p:!J'U'
da heRd.anna!, f~p~jo:u:.
80
'e])tir~1:tiJ!
'(lUG
n.
f~Jl~·vurr~.
''''_';'''''''''Ifa.-'!l! __
f'e! li":V'!Jll'a.
10.0([11
.csJDtI."dra:
'[!r13f~
l?,~'~~.
0, ·~p~mfd:n:b@l,
4~~t~O~
11.<1]U8 IDtltra'
,g,ll~tllJ£f'aS~M dfd
V-e2.,
ide-~; ':par~
,p'~em,.
No'l}'O., .-g~ii)lJif!ri!~ nfjVo: oo~ta,MO' ,N'o final rl~ -!5et::uUn :X:V::UJ' r.Ofl[Ve-
dilEiS'OOhct!'rt~ ~1J@ ~EL]U flODlQ i!J'm!t bomba DID :nJClra:W dJft W5Ciil&~l~ "~b~O'.~:,, '~~. hiog;ene:;;e; a do
O'X1i,g~ru.io (O~) e 'Wtilfi I) sell gt09.U!. d·~'iln.pnrl:ancia· p!WnI, a manQ;teJLJ~io, da ·,':ida.,
Os, det"eru;Oi1~
uma
tamrum ·~:: u;nlO' "EO gfo. 'Co-l'lc'1nit'~m eJ~s' que le aqtle~ta dem;a..~.acl:Q· £103 cald.as, iiutti,ti.';foo. ,e
de
,3hi-CJg,@n~~ ~gnstBdD~~,
v,apo[' ~ pela abertnra, Qual",(1 ti;.ip,jl~e'~ 0 ,fllj, Be1l,do·apaBS,mOj,. 11-od~' ,{wii;IJiJiiteme' ,;;b.-~g.f:lr {f1O' lCalda. NU:tntiPQ.,
eWtv~d;UIrn ;;u~- q.~~ :oo'Jna;g~~m a 'fm~ma de um pes(.~~o de· c~.'~. r-a:~io pela 'quiBJ 'n'e1;!l.J."$!ni ,eQnhJEH.::i,dJ[)~ ,ClOfi'O.O OSl-. &~iHjS,' com. :p,egOO~O !(::~~~. O~. ~~~ ~lil '~QW 'rum [O.ltgo e' ',e~'O tm~o~ f~(['a:m {a1vfdrrs ate '~lI1e Q
'P.l"'(JV'QC~Tlido
;1!lllJJ,ole'ce~ os
f;ogo., estic[nt-os
ide
dos. '~"!l'Iijt:rol)qg;~;trd~l'uys; ]:mp]e:S.ID~m'l'w pel~ ;aluse'lIlti:a do s ~~ifi~ ~~ .~:~; :~. ~ob~'e!m'Wtnc-ia de q1t:l.iUqu~ loor-mH d~ vlidiDl.
,::;w'gim~n'to
j.
PI]:'OPO.s:~Q~·
pi00;'
P~l~~. ~
~~.e.~.nt~:!I;
PlYJtr6v·elJ.'i.iJe~
:lic.aJ.um .~~t:i~'
,q.ut!
d~;ue
'fra~s ."
n1iJlm~w ~.m.
•
,qiv',;I~wn!J ~1It
0 .pPelltj(J
1
Pr-an~~a. de C:i)enci~ ofe~u um, p.r€ulio pmn qIlie-m 'l'eMU~B um ~Frimifilnw que 'fOase deJ1-niti'\J1~J' :8ci,~~· a qu-e-sU.'o ab~og&lese \~€1mu;s iiogble8~, b .F.l.Qal·lI.ten;t.e~ ~5' e..l.-1leri~l~itosr .' .PQ-:&t~'fl/r .LotIi;]sP~t®Uf '18~~,.1', i9~)~ciwttiata :fhiurJb.
que ja se ·dedi'c3.VIi so IMS1ll1:~li!H'antes lU.e~)(}
E~t~ 'G~p~rllll~nto 'MlI1~C@ll' 0 p:rinllo d~. ~d:~fuia Fr~oces.a: de Ciencias 3. Ptu'~enr an,
'rne.m-Jj,f,)tieTn~1
d.iii ,~h)~~~.
qt~,e'd,eJn.tit[v8l111MltegtllUl1T;'OllJ.
8.
jld,e~~·
17,-,.'sglbJdoB
~m.de:m1S!J ofewiE!~:S8a' [J 'premiifi - 8lpt"BSle:ntOu. cs d~ ~~~_S ~p~jmm:~tl5) bliciadds PW volta dt:: t8£O_' P~lJ!:r ool~ooib1i caldo :[u.1'b'i:t.tvQ,~ :al~ m1Scn~ e es ~oom_eteu .3 farvura :sen.do, que a ~gti:U~ dsrreteu os .gar~s ,ac f'Qgo~ ·f{ed:and(H)~. Em, ibtta-n.'EJ~$, 31t~'burl!as~ !Il{'jl A1pg;'~1P~~LIl!." :~hci:L1J.tIS
que ,8
880 Ibrnl~itos
~,egu:idal deITe~e;l~ o~, gargalus :tE! 08 vedo1il. '[1 OV'8m:~'1il e:'. t A [·g~IT1.8 d-il~~ a,~:poi !ll] '~:m 8~TI
IDa'b@[',:3i.'!t6:r!tJ.
ae
8]."1
Logo~.em
'T~aodl) .P'Olt ~. d~ S]llaJU~iU1J_~am a co:m.eitetro ~rmJ;ffig~ Er~s Appert, ~!llnciLu:hlque ,atnm~ IOOZID.®J5 ~ fur\.ido's '~ ser ~~]l)dadris sob '\f~da'Q~ h,eJf.-fn~Iti~ .~e:m se ~.ga_r;. __ ~:ug ~j [) Si~me:tlm dla. :bJjd1t~i& dLe eu;lat-aoos . 'lma;gtne a, vi:t1~ a·pr]s.. 'W:aEft.eut";. A htgi~llta
pessoa
~i]""
I~ u!lbd")lus
[iJDilt.(l'll
da
Ia -s-:
m,mdsnJul5:!;
©nutaDl:j-mado '~fO-r rirlJzroorgEmisrn;as-. Concllill.1l.1. q[Ue.:[']HO e.;tt':l!I[ a re1"~ qu.e!:.de~a !1 ~riLn'C$pig, ativo. !E~ll a fa I t.a, ,d~, ar q;gJ~ "!ilia· ""·b'1·'·... ] ~'i' ~;,>,1 1P~@1'::!11:l [11,.·~"ra ,0_ iEi.le.<'!iiE!·J]:W.[)l ..'Vll:rnen'tw uos,
1>0
apenas
urn. eatava
ecJt-emph).
""'P !U!~
Ante',~ d~ 'PMteu'f' em
faJzllml l~ooSl
• i:l;Si!le'pS1:@!.
em.
'I:.. -
n._Q'SPJ~i£llS..'!
• '"
hDfi!Ilil~S'
iSla
ll1aos. Muims Inunter~~ e-videml.:e IIi!. e nite' fah~f~·~1 .:ptIt' mEe~~3.o :p6B-'p~rtQ ... /\ h]gi:~llt~ nmj.·
l
~1ll.13:vm:"
cria,do
qn!fllJl ti.dade:
qJ.l'I!e 0
.m~ d:as
,d~
,;1t"
.q~.a'
1£'
clIa
e dtfim~didQ' a·Q ,1.'Em_gf)' ,da. tmn.po~ ,9J. 'pasb;HDiza~i.o:(, '~aaOu.trml eH_mplo8 ]u:atioos q)L1e: itliisul~;_-r.E3_njj W:D8 ~p-ru:imenms lGOtUl :015 &ascos.
iPeico~Qde cisne.
,- d ,a!'rraU'lLO
.m,aior'
t~:tiJ_. ~ _ a5 ~~-,
-'
.J!':
.. 1....
ga,~s'
-DID
diJ8i~])~1_dQ5
~m'\rmS8\ID]
6SP8_,QO;.
ApQS
0 ~, j~.'uestllW tlu fgn~;~,Q :~l~riocljj, d.el' hatenso ,a'q~ie-eim~n:to~ in],dou 'l'es'tI'iaIUen"&~ da 'cnJ1;r~~,. r'eHfl~hlme',rrw \oivaa, ,M, a:tllla..llld:Bite q;,ue :mm.e1il'te :~:I!1~ln ,8 psr[ir pO$_ibilit01l1 a f~DruL~aQ' de m.mliCJiS loo.l,ttPQ~to~ die seres pre-emwn'i,;iEis. I"e8ulw.'ill uma .d;li'~d~:''ai U qwmi~,_oO'v~'!1 ([!~ m:~~ ptH~:ad.o~: a!film.d~!~m pa!l~I?lIi ,PD:i'm~i[",~, fm'Tn~ 'yJ.vas, I]llJi Planeta '~rt',~- ~a'mo i~ ~e:rrbxl' ~' 'f:onl]--,~Jldn ~ uiaJr;l,oo dla 1ie,~" ~:fl.gtta:nt.Q O~ a.pru:te~erl!'Htti.? mais [~v:e3 ~p:~fnM\J}e~e:fam '.tal, . -l1a SU:l9i§!rl'tci~! Pa:r,a, 1C}1!,ie s~ :pf~ssa (I~f,:ufil'" a~J.~:e:aL~&Ul,!it_@., .fofu:rnnOO ,~' ,~:t,~,. M~;mo altos, ,8 iStd]dlmtfl~iiJ~Jd~' dev:emos. f:",e:visar a pr'lopr.ia ~rigeJl~ e a :su:pffincie, em mnitas al.'2ro; OonthllJJOU ,a ~thrjrl~da, d'~D,\:!\~1 v1m.e.nm ido 'P'lonC3tEll "t~rra. Um~ ]_nrli'~~Q V1lJi]f!3:ni~9! '~fogandn ILUlUl:' gtantle, q]Uantidad.e de$"n~s,b~~J).s d~' i:m~di~'~(lj 0, 'fu~g de q,~' ~l h~~ 00$ ~ na .8.lIiM.'lJiSretr,8Jj., t:uld,nsive, de, V~pl[f[' d~~lla. ~E:lJS .·,'i,V10£!l sl~rn91hlad,e e do. p.:~l!~5adoll s~m.aS· da 1bd'a 3, cr.--OO,'ta:, ue(t"e8lti:e {ri],i,~;aJj e.. .toda ·aag'il"lli. ntt,f'{"-!es dBE! fdi5~ . a 'DeJ.U[a,· Sa at . m:OO;a:i[!9 'md'u~iv;~: a Q~w'li(."a, resultaram, ,Alm!;n(!]pab).'We..n.t~. 'p~dr:fuJ' d~ 'VidiQe a c~lula,.I'dig,(;'U:~it' mi~m b rid ~ a da Rt1rvidad:O V'l!J,]cih;;rica. 0 'oonjulJLtqJ da :giEtscs, p~08 ~a.-t\~J!~'a.~ em the~e" ~ IlilL~~!ll,tir(.~tno ~WI!:g[Fi.m~ l"J,IQ 11iij!an ei8J, as pnm.e'ITas ~]W~SI:. Se 'Pfli~' e8:tr.rutmG '~la~ntrl]~lhJ -g,J\:a:vi' "acio.~ dla.. Tbrr~J." ltO sst] .n:iJjm~~. Q(jlilEtthiitli. :e! - atm,(fBf~;!iffil r.. ;'hrudva da Th"i:'ia., u ~]vaSe sUlil-~j]".t'J ~'li pa5&~rnnl' pur a~'i ~difel 'n.tes ~iI:lI . ,d~~c:B.ttl:a~\J1MQ- .[((!',am,' 'e]~c:[o.(:ha(m, pas,) liVa..r.tbi~l:'Le ,At0' hoii~ d,~ .to a 20% do o(lllll,twd'Q' eKpctlido e 118lD POga.u1:n:lOO l\e:gfutro algum dassa ~tt.e',ll1U.i;EL. ~l!!S '~BS ,.:l V'~!JI" d.':@igutEJJ .. COOl0 l~,dii~]lw tog:o~'volt.t~ ,~@ mesmo ponrw: a oriigem das da :Planets, Q '!?-,E!J.POlI·' Id.jagua ,~Qfre'lloo:ru:1:en~~an,nas
E'~5~'
e'
wdtirl~ir,a~; ~-elu]a$'. U·~ 'lftiIJotB8Q 'mri~,Ela pOI' 1,m;rJ <iJlftru' ~' G:a,mQw. a maia ~ltal ·at5:ii:"m,~ que uma .gl;aJlili~te bola d,e, w~:terial p.l.imitj'vo om, plasma a ~t~m,ernte t'lO"[[JI'pri_mjdoJ~ ~!lJfrmJ .lITH~' ~1lo8io hci: nl~ iO'llJ
t
'mm
,W,'~B cam:ttdREl ,wtm Di£;fm,ca~", Pl'e~p~tand~:se, ~e]~ p,rim.e!kra ~Z~ :1Hla" :fo;t:IlI,a.,.dii' ,~'h:iuI a, ,Ai(]~ti.ttgir ~ v
~,I!-J;.
m~~v;;.
I~
..1,,,..
il:iI!]]"-'~1;,
""'-
.....""',
] ...
_o~I!~li!:'IiJI
H ....
iI".~,- '~3
,:]1';'
.atG),i:fn,,~~. E5~
:n\anlfJ!~
:bi,pme:SJe
.G1{f,igD:\imd~t '8 partir da:(~ qs. a:t~JLa]s;. E.st~ vl~m'~ sltami!L!tnt:e 'b:ip;6.i;eBe,·
a 'mat6;ri a,
da U'3!DLdi.elexpln.,o
$1,i!;3
es;trntitliT:'a
sm ~-p- e:rfi.!l:ie corn ::I., Gl.'DS-I.a H'liJij'··j·..., OOil!n,1;e, a '<:"""'''8, - ..-~------.LW"'Ji-m j'm-edi~;1~"'lt~liI.'~"nt~ eva~¥:a 0 g~£ulh~:fv:~ .a ~Lmo<a!er,@, em fo~. d~ d~11_g~ n1I1.'!1~R p~..J:'a IOQI~&mlb'[;~x'~ ,pi<:recipitBlr em. forma d.le ehuva nevamante, Acre~1r.11Hile Ique' ,~e )n:'OQessQ! enh~, O!lonido .nQ t pi'.rme'im b-nh~o die al1JOS 'd~exi!i~nci£IL dIG ,D?laneta e qiJ;U::!' 'l~ha d:~D" '~O'f'tenciajs {COi01l0
l~
b..ip6te.s;a, :i[OSllli:e fermulada [01 a ide~eoberta do aBbi-onomo ']jJ]rt~anlmi_CBlnQI V. M_. :;;,lIiph.zy. C11.87";!)lL9t)91' hQI' iTllw'ci~ ~~ ,se.mlo ~ de qu.e loo(las g gal~ 'eB't;lo Be; ,afas:wi,dD, die, nbs, 0 't~m a~rt.r6nfimo n[orl~-:Fllmie:tilll)ano. Ed'\vln Hubbl,~ 1:"889..-19153J em 19'29, 1(.~n:r:-fuwJu~~j, ob~"a'~~sl d,~
-'I" _""' ;l,~l.u ",~.3... 1LIUWJ:L.!fIIU~ .""-,,_.... ' " --l --.IIOli6.' ~-lP. ;~:e£~1!T!Ir.~ .. :~Jl.lI!u. 'Ii; j.J,iI~,~,," ..:ll.;" 'I;;o'UL1.I;lJl' p'ii<Wlll;;"_"'a luJJl' ""1I!:ii~d' :JJ,-'u.,,!!, Banjf' esta 'OOlfl15t~IJta~i.o~' QU'~0 IhlJ:...,-\ffrS;O ~m.' d ,eat~ ~xp;JJ~~O: e.~ro,~{~,t.rumsn:todu, gal!fu~,' ,6 'L;mI3, ~b'fiseq~Li(i dla gr:a.n,rde mtpJ~1!1ln q,M C~g]Dl1i!..1 10
C.1'
o £~'bo uot~daJI1'E:::'J]teimp~~rltm,l~
f;o.u~
,a,
d~e:sca,l~,a'~, ilGt:ri'~~, c
_I _ _ __ ~ .;
p'r!J'vl;;~;v 'l nl tH1il~~1 i~i h '~. apen ~ s' n bi'~~~.m(j.,~,!?~~~h'~i~O.- ~2)~ .smdo., dit;a atnlo.sfGr,~, ~ [J([]ml~TIa. J-a ,M,4n lnllineEi de 8mS COll<rJ£ a ."~, .fnwm.adla, a - ~m:ada.. ,a:bnffiif~:rl:'a ,~l1ndm9 m-a:. lOOnsL~Jt1!rlda, :p~ g8s carh&'rloo. {C02l~ m,1llioo p(nll'i~;,'
j t
,[tl~Jgen_~o~~:j~ ~tfm~;_{~~]~'.r~"g~S .. i~:-r~~]]in b (.~l~ meboo -rv~) .. va:[)o;r ~,~.~ (f[~O)'~ ,~glU1~,
Ig~$ IIJU.tf\O'S g~8e8",
't) -POUCQ'
Un:i,V€i'afl',;
·~ g:a.1;ax:a.~
. .. m:Eitl0,l'
Ql1RnnO mais
iS~rft
,iEII
trnagbula' e~ti"V.ef' rrnl8 "d' JiI ...!i l5!!l.a v'l9 I (lI 01 ' ,;rol;~'e! .iUIllljHi
'p:od;~Ii~ '1i!LH, "p~8;~~-e pG([' ~;e: loomhm~"iOQm 'm,eIWs ,da 8upB!rH'de, I~dfi-O'~ ...
'm\ig;{i([1]oj
Q;U8
:Fo~::oeste
SI[1r_l.~.tt ~
Cml,t~
qUH1
de alguma.
'ifh1i"fi'l18.,
primei:ra_s
rili."l.Ws;
Via ~aC'l:e<a,o~igin~ru. !) &1 IF;!: 'bnd~,a: sua. :[alrd]ia_ planewm, 0 ·s]!j;!;.oema,tiG]ar..A .b.ip~~ :mai~ ~caita
Uma
HtlN'GW
d0
pooird
p~rti '0} sur,Sim~nw' ·d.o~'P1:ilil1et.fl,S. 6 ~, dp q;llB ter.!iham ~clc at, p.a:rtiir de reSi'~l~ ~da, ,,~e~ra ~63tni~_a t~l"U~or-]ghiLJOll 0 SoL Ai, in;[liE'al~Oes.si<l] de ,que ~~IJ.'1~R e os: tClrlLl'ilNJS
f~8.Itet~ fOl'.LlUHRIlllL"se ,mitre
E~pccial
:a.tr'rit H.ou:w a.g1l'egBI~3fll ~~B 'P~cUi1~ Ida I~e]ra. ,Cfismii:8., em, pO'n:~JfiS difwefl,Les cllo esp;ano, ,~t) ~lS, 'Pft::u].'eu~~ - '[Qu;~m:oo maig: :m:.d:e:r:i~, ~e ~.aJ~g~l.\Fa
ma, IrDn6t~ difu.ndid',a, fJ:OO"os di~~ a.tuam, :prin.'etpalmern:rta· 'fla. cjtt!.lizjcl!~~ iOcjcl~iJi1tal, q;ue cliz: llt:udo Cjt1e: ,ex:n~te Ie:. u~d2$ ~8 fnnnas, v;iVM fc:rr,Stm ImCJJdu p:wt ]Rus gSlJ 'm1t~~ {(r1I:r:m,a ([tt~' si9 IE 'ql;leJ: $En~W\I.'1~' se~liaL~"
dl.E!' ,p(JJ'Itt.~ para 0 :t'bll~1tl q;ue e uma 't&~no]EL,nIB. _~,ifu.i:ea., , antiewlud;orull8tffi~ !!]O pll''incipjo do tl".L':ttlmbiLid:ad'e. .J .,:;,;!j. esneeies", U-f~
V'IiJI.v
lul'igeuill "Po.zo'
".
',' ,
smte"'l;a~ ,qu,i1I,d~tts'
WZ ~ ~it
. cm,~~,Q
eU.ll
~'Ginesis ,noVetl1,[j! 1'estam€uJjQ TetT.8IJ, ~ ,tyd~ que neiR '~wdste pn:i'Cedl.e:m ~a d'··~· , ~.],"r.[n,~'
U\'f]"!O,
q1Je
1
'ta vida
,J......
IDSlta
e,.a: jl.ip,6bi~e.~,m.
lila,
N8JO se )(:HSiru:t~1 Q oon.d1~ii()' t'~]igio~a • pu,[m!i.~, 'term,r)~, '~i,~ll:t1ifl~ll s., r~l't!~'m d ~d{~~ q Il'~"
.l
,llipiJtese CasDlogi!?'''~c'Q
10111
dfJ;
IDlll' '1;:.A!)S,'J\1!OZp;~ca'
.. :.(.=.~·i· " -J ,mtJ;] .'t\(i;W,aiS ann:p,.ea ~~ " '. mp6-lcs~ ;fJiu.itgtrifi£::al 1ge,gnndo ytirios pe~qujjmdo~~ ,SIiS tp:[",iri1_l'iu:ms.· loolul ~J.S n~s,g;i·tav,mn de tili'mtmlrW. I ~lfUij ,j~vlmr;)L;m &~, ~~i'e~ Il,db ,capaze.s' fle IjNjdl?:zil""[o- Como 'todo
,1·!I!Il-.ll
'iiI,Il'I'
T~.rra
'rlena
a't~r:n-~in
SUT,~O
00"",Afu.-1:l1aJ,
~ fo:rnl~
~lI!!
.P'~~pef'I,RiUi C08'Ig;icu'
ser '~lUf!prorl.U1,;,8!'IllB.B p,:r6pi:i"alS m.nMewiBS o:r-g:§m,ca_'Ei 'cha"m~o Ql'JIJt6trtdb .a: rull6t~~ Droll '~o:nhecad~.
I~'
Es~R
Jl:ripote:.se
'pl'aSlJIHIte
qJtm'
e,a,plIll";OE- de
'IL"
".
",~",,"_~g
',!II
~-
mL~tool:i:~r; d.e ,poo1~~ mi'~u,w, atao.'tE.9l d{}:ULlii""eiJ:'!::3~l~, W W'nDIl 8eme~s, na :tkra e ~e.TYit].Qsde {ante dl.8
'~nl
Ha., nma fone n_bje~ao! contra 'e55S. ,hlp'rlm~e: "'1eac-oe.s: q,uin-uca '~n-~olv.[daflr ~a PFOO,u~o dG'
~iiH 'eJrtJIlel]],~m~'w ~:o:rr~p]e':xas~, e¥igi:udn
",wB.
,aHm~]]to IQl.rg~;oo,
'~a.villi a
.:II';;. .. u.d!ip~S
o.&-jcO-~[lliC-Q
."
A:.tthsnJ1u£ foi
nm
'-"\§.~
.granda
,_=- 'iI,~
fu.ll.St,ante
d'~volV:imento'~:"
.:'.11 to ... pm: .1IQ\;W, :. I U'"-·'·, ,,,,,,,,- ,,,",aeuardam til . mv,en::~, I~'U"" ~. pJI"o,}J.icio pa:ra ClI' S~lJ\ eomplate
. .
p~~
d.e
em primml:'Q ],'Ii.pn- ~.J.:et exp,]ica como ,R vida. ooeg'!Ju . a ~a, D ffla$· ]lio Ju.s!liii~ iJ ~~CiJe~"Ir.OO' dla, ~. ,de andie qUel" qu,~ as ~ffir.,~s :fm:lil1U ii":",,'''' '" '~~"'ri'll"am ~"""',J""i';' ,", re;;mmfll (h~,' vi~,t:T:m.m,· t.eri,~l~ ,~id[JI Ii~ .... ~,~. ,
.~ .D;-!if~~' iD"
I
& p1:mci:pais
ld)j~~I~
eaminba-se ~''tIJ];I;tt;edt~ s:itu:p,le~ 'paara t]i cu'm:IP'u.~i.JOra~ em ,sm:hdlO os ,prim.eJa.us l~l"gJaoo:iJ!mliOB ,:3Lu,~tl"ofb~ j'~ tffii_F.i!1JiJ6J que ~r ~~do wtament~ ~a:n1p:i,elro5Por O'l!Itt>[) ] ado, :file fbs~:'re"ro au:tolt["of()S'i'
;~ tal hipdt~sa !t!stsrniam'qs mao oolntT~ -~, tr,ajeW'lMta n btturaJ ~dftvtd~ 'n~st-~PtmlB:~;
Ito,
adnritir
'Ii' JU-tl,U"~iII!U
_0I;0!0,1oI:t'...,
:~~-
__
m,un. to
t.BPIf:L:p~~tu..ra fJ' tu:na e:q)!J$i:~io m~i'oo, gr_:_~:,de b r8.d..iJH~~ Nell]] -:m,eiSMa as bacta:riSlSl, em' ~0:rm.:8L die..
~P-Orn3' t@tm~m $u.pQJ.,!t~d,o:~.~
V8rlE1J.'~e8
~.'a
:ro'toSRiinte,'fl;i.ZB!1lLtes), p~' exe:mpl0.~ neveriam eliF.ui:i1!ll' 02 Ji~l'e' L1:Q.:,atmo:sfef'8;, ~,lssp l(:R'o ·8!OOHVeceill. ,0 02; ,a,p~N.~eu: b~ll1 'mau.~ ,t~rd,~' • A hi:p.6'tem naQ' '0 nceoit:t:!,awmmmte, wto []Jao ~~:~ll:i.fita' q:1l;U~ !;ila ;'Iltj,.a-' 1J.-a:n' ~'b.$t~~d,OiCU. ~.G Q.u.u!C~ s~j.a ~~clarl,!3J: 1:1;~lSSO~ ,MdCllS, ,Si~O CQn'tt~,sT.Jto~a ,~ia...
'. m;~glliQs
~",' H~,
n.e.nnu:rnl -. ·
q1lli
metBQIito
Clj~f:il['l]lrl;tmeD'ItQ'1i
ue~~O'~~~"!.!"~~ea· pm:"aJ.
VII,~]I,-'
{;tIT.
se· i'~ii!m! ,cltF-a:stii~JG~jLth u beD:'ipo. .alp. ~~ii' seJt.dti ,ca~ de, SJljJtl~·,tm ,oonm~ tiJ10gjilru de um d:es]tu~t!i)
pele
~8.9Dl
thl.arm, q;ne OS espUr0;3, ~,....,_;;: ....,...... a: em. 'm:eoon~~, '~:li.il:!LII.I. lr!l:"Ll.~ _,_~_l__
..:!I·__
Esta ,b:ipdteee. SU[~iB' qtl~' '!Eli,. ·~'[b~. mBL[~, primitiv-n i$~ v~da ,~;tt1 i'11;~paz (jt~,~,m'titiz.ar '~ 5u:iJ 'p~pdfj 1,Il]imA7n'oo\j; t~~da 3ido' Etlrr.n~da. a, 'P~' de
Btms'tmeias
H1.'0'1"ghdea.:s
primitj'w, e ~rAtim~ante
Jl18~m~es
dJs
ThO:'9l,
Ttd ~]gJ.Cml mmprJ 05, ~i~n;tk~~ d'~'K'ObT~~mjem m.emnri.toa e:nvOOltntdfis 00 Srheri~, e' un ,e:a..na;_~ ~~tfg]"[}Si ide' ~:rrr;TIIo~~jiJj~ Ie b~s TiritoJfs,~·;ul~~_ 'P8J"8: !M d:e.fen~o-res da, Teorla~ 1ll1Il.:El ~diVa de 9'Pa ~m, 'mol~cjJjja:!qJ~~jca, for-,at, d:a ~a, ,;i!,....... of-,..; ., Os' ~::dti:c~,,E'JJ~.L;ln;J:liam, qtlC i~, oitll.!I;{j);rlOOS qumido, entt:.am. nil a'tm.Q"~fer,~,'~e.ma;!.we·,o.tuem. I!1:!UI ,gta,nd~ vl\\iocidaicl!e e M~lo ao, oJ~JfiOO WIll, .() ~~"', ~o&em 'iml In.!~1SO ,~,u.eclmel'1to:~ 0 BUlfici.finte pam, d~t[U±r IQ,~jqn~"[" iY'O:lIDa vi~,a.A.I,t\lID di$g_s-o· ~$8i@s
l,
h ipOl~' '~i]Ht:ef'otro'ficrJii ,~ a ;ge'mJC.io. ~S'P{J[]itiia:1iI?Q' obs~"¥~ ~,tefilj'!;a;'~nte: a hi,6rteoo here:rd~--6&a :traJ,b,. as. ori~€1n das pr:-hn.e:.fras foI',~as. vr\;'B.S .no l~mJW~~LQ~,~dati,.~, a.; :p~~ti~ a~ nt~illteria b-mta .ha bilb~e~ @ ,m~s :a:b:-,a.Ii:I'j ,'[Lmll !ettll.di~e.t]; .rla Thf.'r!llJ. Primiti,VR;, ,9i', g~r81Y'M e8]J[Rll:UIDJ~ 'tr'8to:v,EJj db slibiw'
.Para que
mmp[es,~J..
~n1h8l~Ot
entre ~
mnn'II!,... o
~'e&1i([j"giQS, p~dem, &etc ,]''est..os de· orgaoJs_m6tLiJ 'Q;U.'ei, ~stav~.Jli ];1<l 'atm1Jmm~~.da 'pl...opria rf8'~"! IOO,lil'Qi im.pactn e ,0 camr' e],ea ,-:3e fWlila:am, 310 ma.teria;]. d'O
te:m,ptJ'!I! 'i4UU!!;!1 iC~18. T..:6 ~-!-~.~ 1 H:nJiI~fiij' \t 18~5 - 189:,5" !tJ"~!I ~.;"rn '~'ij9 Th_o~ _ _ ~_ _ _ IIi!J ,afi,[~.lnava. Ique:_'i'i0"8_ H~r.im.'e:ir-ns. se]"e~ 'vlli,vo~ @ur.gi'l"~, ,oonm ]:asWbdrm de lIm 1~ proce.s~o ,de' ev01~~p.~
'iLl
Ji.01ngo
...ii,.
'de 'w~:lal ~
II' .
ull)
IC))Jlmica
~,~
)e,wm;:a~
met~Iiw\.
:Fnr que eBlt.a. t_~oliaJ J.lan ,9(:-e.it.a1 Falt~ 'prov.~Si..p~~w·~ ,~ ql:l_/~atio "C(j[lti'J;1n,I'~" I~m;[(b~-:rto~
I~
tt'flllalhK)~'a,Q\S' ,cr,w ]S,tt!ll5 .di~;.SIoI[[~~~~ t 1892 ~ i954)~ biolQ;gQ 'ii'ne]'~, ~mf ]9,29':. ~. Ig,u bi~:imiw, 'ru~sso 1\l~_gill" I:~ 'OI!'Iw:"iu 0( '~89-4 - i,9:S~) mr..
mTI,
1\0'88'0
foi
1936, I'ilJCI Lmiv.t\ Opa:rin [p1lt_b.lioou' sua :hip~m.!ile em de'uill~£!iI; no UVJro ,r;A 'OlF.igeDll da Y.'-',~ 1936~, em
V m :nu)d@Jo
.' O~
eSQiMmr~:tico dus
Opa:rin e,St~jeS~udi1~
~_il.l8iS
IQgQ ~6aTh:t):
id~im~,d~ lla1dimG ,~
!,1i1 ifm:iic.OO!i,
;1nP,adiu.a], - tir,& . - _.
Ida
:11 -
mal
iii
¥a:~(1i,r d~~a",
•. ,
a,.hhoo~e
J ,
IDi~par!~' ~ rltla,.
,Iii" " ... ;J~t<ir,~IIJi' ~J~.,.7*""',.,
oonlliribam_
a Ina~
prima fiecea~=
,0!1~ )j:,.,_..,.....,lin;t! .. ~ ..... ~
E,~ineia
OQif!~_r
d.a,-primeb'3. :fm1re ~
mwvmLe1:a. e ~ .. _... Ie
~"'?,jI"O,!li~
~, -:- :lb~ £.~~.,~ .... · ,..::!I.-..di'P:;""'"'' Ie ,,:;;co 'iI1!Wlifm""",~, ~,~.~ ._ U-:",- - ~ ,..~lDp.~ n ~ 'V~ li~r, ,wlde~, Sia: lii~ 'r.)ljgnltaillmfi no'!;/!;]
write if@-
1;an:-e:t'lmru ,clt1l1V8
,fuT-atmJ
a,
,~ji.:n:t'el i~ar'
~~1\~
paiFcH que ~
n:m).e:~s
"'irntlIifI'ol'i,E!>
'h~ lam, Per i'Sooj.e[[!L ~ dJe incleo~ ·m~, WJfDllO~' ~dmm:' OOi1IJpootofll' '~m"l!olMdoolo Pf r 1~,~j]Q1' ~mlil, ~~' ~idii~~ mfil~, OO'm,a,-a_. clio$! amiflli1:~{~i£iL.OSkJ
, , - ..ii1 ~iI;:it;n£l!
~es
~m]'HJ8f~
~~
m'''''';;'''''''' -UJ.UI)U~
j,~~
fI.'T ;,""
srnfe~a'[' :snbstSl;nJJi,a.~ OQJi~niCEW 6W :~,!ilbor"t_(J~~~'~!. 't~m"b~m e '~j~;va~, qn~ ~]as,· I~h~;m :su:r.gkfu na ~a p:rlmibv~, apa1.'tlr d's ICLmipos;ooa
.. ~ :Il~lm,plleg.
1~,.peJt'llnetl:~'
as
dBI
d0&n~i'~~
WdbJ,er
.'
~!llil."eS"
"
e~
..:::'il~",-",,~ ~
A ~gU~ d;a, ~"hu:'l~,'aMba'lI.fa aIT~5:'baDdo ~Qlec_uIa~ mais etl:mp,]exas p:3E3. ,8 ,su.perfYt:ie, e. estas mru~, 'mmm Be ·.ac::tmllibmdo sobIle as mchas; • 0 calor alas l'ocllu: f:o:~a'V,aum an:tmfe'liI.:liiS [~~01":iive] 'pu~ que eJaa .reagii1;s-em, IMW'= e ua8~exf.!i, t1JmpQ:,,~t'~ In.~to:r.e.'5r,, 'Oest.a 'f'tl:J\ma
!II!
'H'attJlaJ "U~uJ (p~io :No"belldi~QuiWOOJ·' ],11'3: ,., 1.18]) -"dl~fmsor ciablp6t~e'~ OO;m~DIDul, icolDl 1IiLrtri[ de st'IJli!1 o_lu;tIDsi Sbla1]@y' MjU,~'i C 0' ;B£illd~u 0 ,cu;n~' unl. allw';Gilto pal"al "t~-s,tu.:" pM-te ,da ~J.Jiia. Stanley' l\iIi;lll,eI"' ~' .cnib~ioo·tI1. ~, ,]:951_3 ~, ,i9j;rtigo Jur[tulsdo ~~Pr-.od11lCaQ de Juni:lrlo8.ci.diP-~ nae ~O~~f3' iQoIlidi~BS' da Tejr'I',~ P:dl[[:dthr,~". Mj'Il~r IOO~tn:m.1!l, t1Lm. ~pal'e]lllfi~oJ~iD do ~U"~ : coo-tendo~is, bffilflles 1~.O'uect8dbBl aD tre ~ii :pair t ub es, un] lO~nidmlSBido]i urn ·~~rvatdri.o. a.) ~~nbi!od1J~jo. [10 ~e
u· .awm:uid(l,o$·
;j
re~l]_"aIU 'entre,
,ar:pare~h(J!'m~tan e,
Qeeanas,!, ] iagoa e,
'a1l1fliwa h,i.,o-g.i;n;~o ~ ·'v.a~~!;:1I" d,~'!igtlla~ ~ Q, ~o;r b d.~4gt]i1i :Fo,i, conse,gwoo ~.po§ a 'Hn'VtHa da "iFlgllEIJ no b.&nLaoli,'~) COim;P1~l,ento.!l o~ .gfl"5'C~, _6'~ !dc:slou~nra,:m, ~~ l!ihrl~':i~,Q, b~.U1.Q· ~,rl i~U ,el,e~G.ldo~ m,fflut eoloeados no h8j8D~ ~' Ol3> iOltef,[~' ,fi,o h~o H m.istn1l'R [','ecehe as dle.SiCargSSi' liN0'~il t5imuI~ndQ ns :r,a:ilos; fJ ~ogu abruxo, d:o 'bal~f!i Ifi; tnbu ,1¥.!afri;~rlJo 'p~)r'urn roDc;enS3dlrr\i:~ ;gJ 0.
j
pl'Otei!~~
'vapor de agu.8Ii:f,esfrlad:o" Q!ond,e.nsB-;Sej simul ando a ehuva: h,) !O~ C!lm,p,i)stQs· f'Orm~·cib~s 'r~:r,t.!.r:m
• JEtm"
,:fu11·\tM, da 1~~ct~~i,e3t ':OOpnla:r rlla l\billlR, estas R.a~Bn1:oom 0 £mn.:P1:~Jj;-:.G1 pmt~eO~t c:rig[l!].aIl:ito~pet][flJ!.eDa5" vemcu1,:£1j5 ,ge~Hti-'
1
d;ci:J~';Htl;bl,d~s ~e.nr[iJJ,t6:cio~ n'm' 'tlLmlJ eM fanil3. d~~ -Do 'MI 8p9J."e]ho~1(1; que simu]a:'!;!',a, 0: mar p:rim.it1~·o,.
til
v~t.1las,
'18 fu:n:1ll8l"Rl)l
-}oolaili~1 le~h1l1.':i1l'::~, cl~, 1Qt),3)ii, iCce:t~adM~, ma1d'sH ,de grande; estOO_d.8fle~ d • Egte~ looa,eer~d~, FOl"~, aosOO"V,8'Wd.o mG-' ~dlq.. ul'l('jrt nD'lIlrt e~tabi1id.a;de;, • Ap ,~noq!iJi.5t~."e'm~ l:Om 0 ~lnl~Olt 9._ cape.J:i-,· (_la:tIDe: e if) 1!20:n1i['i,[)i]e c~o ctoe,..'1,'Oi:men't!o e: .da rem,
tml1 paI~a
oom ~~~
t~
I::[)f.['iJ~le:.'(O$~'U'OOjoo~~ e'.
,fJiF'Slfi,deB
]rm1m- d~X:.'jJ'!.l:1~om ql'te GiS poos, w-OC;'tltSLstoo'W, ![h.n',~])m U,mBIsemana, ,0 ~'iq"{tid,o nCUJir:!t1UJlia!d~1 no
lL"6~nlla.l:(fri,_oJ ~pr.ese:nt~l"\',D ~o:r-
sis-
Iqufunc;BJ, do UlQIlUcUO mestrou qj!iJ.e VAn.os nevos oompoetos Coram fo::rm~dos-. in.clusivB ammo!¥iJ,c~dm:;~
d!.~ tijo]@_
A,. ,3~,
16ctil'M·
diQIl
Tfifl]tn" ~~r'-mn,
~"~"'ro~ll(jl1l.'1li,-
2 biffi".ll!ies
p1!'OC€SBiJ
"(iO:nl.O ~
Ide ·:8IiI,OO;
tr~
ma ,!g1!"n1:(~s!e'1.1iI:'"
se nfl~·
,qual
TO
eun.tlLi~6e'S ,d~, ~fi;~e:r.\3 'ptrlmi:~iva lta'Via. ,!It fQ'nIi~,!taill de an.lixwatidb.~_ E.m, se gull lkl' b.l_gru;, C) ~erimern~n de ]IdlJl€!,r p,mva ~:t'..i,e, t.eai[i":I!]L~nm O[~~ ,~tfiva, Ijerc.o
de l(l(riginmJ, da ,llbil."[[UIt po;r ele :pU~Vli9,'t[;i?' .Abs~ lit:nta.m~n,t,e" roe,~,p-re,ri:D'U~J1.1to ~le ,M'iI.lerr e'
'V]]d~ (!~lIIiK'iLpn)V,~, que;
Eu'O'I!1II"ii',;i"lIi'a'7'
W. .. Ll.fLL~
~:
.. £161!
. - '11111..~
·[li
IiIlIi;
IE!!"
'p:,~ a
. _.
,
.iDi~,~
Q"
~';:;'·Ir'~.
'p.ri;tnt:~'i'va.,
resultados d!a ~e:r!P'8'rlB]lcia,d.e ,MiJ[]e:n:; Fox aqueeeu, uma '~trn!',~ ~ec3,de ~]nn:riJclrlJo.s. Arl~ ~,fr~,~
re~,m,am:"en.'~~ '\,1'~riffi~ou. qu.~'.'W1b1Li:~$ ~el~ ,
.reagioo
hl:~tese d,e' O,patFlll1,' ~ v,i,ave]:. Sidn,e-y W 'Fo~; em 1957 ,JIWrna ct3nti~dH ~ltif!\il} a. ~~ da, vida, .l!llJD~t.nr~. o r,;;~nIj~aclo ;~e' s-ew ,~~If:'i:fil€ntoo,. o~ quais .f:OJ:&m,baseado..q, nos 'hi!lvi~m
CanW.nitl~t
a.
nas
PHii-lir:
do:~ ~M~!!l.cl:a
~riJdi~oes, ela
~l,TI1[)lSfera
,P~l!eC::I..·
anterior es,'~damJos' b.~d(l;sos p~ogj Sr:lgIUJIGO a hip6b:-~e ,:3J;~utillm,em.'kG aeE.]'t~1 'para es .!ffrllrgim.en.'ln diM ,Iinim,cira:s ,~~1u1.as ~iL~
-
N'o ca.pU~
.n'IntfJ~~.e~r~
p~:,,1t;e
da
8aih'E!tno£! qus e_[,,:ifij, a'E~!' ~tml)eJh~n:~ ,3, itml:li9 ·b3i.c.1tiria que ,eF..~ hete;!:'~:~6f~ eana.eI...ubica, _t,6gi~o,
i,
que
SeI'
stlPOII:"
,qtl@. ~~~,
r1rlm.eil"'"M' es'ti.T:U'rlt:llI'a.!..q,vivas
urn. :dria
.[e~'as.
'mar. primitlvl)j,
d!.es~pmre.cel!.'
..
que, '[fi,uil ~D~~: term.am a~n-r:ri,dtaOOJll. 0 '~,m.lul l:az:e.'Ddo ,!Stttgir n4~alta .cJ,p~o·~ de ·~]cla_ .
~
.
po:r
et(iHiL:BSt~o
d.esbs:
d.everiam,
,A ,]';m,i.tl
,~ ese, llig;tdo lPir~~, .Fo.t'IiULf:' ttu:deeuillas, ].1la:inr;es 'e !m..arjis, wm~tex~,< A_ 'dgu~ Wit:1il1a,da.. .d'w'au.'~ as, U\g3~e~ havia H'V'8:po:t.!adoe' as nu)Mcul:a~ 3Mitlfl 6lbtidaa; eram m,u:it~ $ermelli.aJ]l,ies :prQkej'~.
AJlga qU.€i n:l0, :mi m&11cip(n,aJrlx~ P!E o.g~M. n:l,~tB: q;ue ,me![l~ deSII;a'~lue ,hO'j~(~]e' :n;!3i~~ 'lliinba ii:Uia~,
IbIU':Uliilite.u.'~'"
• • • ]',=, ...."j, ..,;
qlH~:st~fl da
o~~m
iIJ[.3 tlOEIiP()\l"t~ililtli"'l:l,
l~
,_':j!'
rnfi
A,
j,:'"
~idu
C,i!)iaCeF.VifI,doSi
cl.a~8'O]''Vi&a~. ,e:m, i:gus, t;o,rn,am.~.~e em, pal"te iQnizad:as~ :ESSlaS ,mru,~u1i3l:S elelnza:daJ~ 3!tJeae:m, :mulecuh9,. diE' a:§1JJ:Ii. ,de tlll.rt~rn,,[lfl.3. que' .au ~edIm de wna .gra:1~iJ..e mOlkWa. '~!~ie$, ~.e .farn!l:lifii.. uma.
. .". . --.--Y -
:m~Qle'Cl1~la,~ w.rotei1ca:e
'peili~cril.:a ,b~ci"alti~3Jr1a de :[fjD:~e~llfRas ,~ ii:tgll1~., Lttgp'l ,wn grtt:pc c]e' ]cwa,.p.r~IM~f]fiS e'lrlv'Q":U,~s ,~tltr. uma 'Ulli.ea pe.Ji!;cula a~ .IDloleculaJ1;, de :ifilJgu,fIi, :Worm,~, urn
~gm 130]1'0061 as, w~J:ma;~1 5:taj, tleJRNA ~a. p1'U'd:uZ:lda ~ "arrll;lj;i ~ .de. OtR'rn. ,~'[.a d,e RN"A 0 ~DN~11:eri.3,
00 m.eil1
]}f;%~OOh,du~S'e'i ,f~Z\·
coace'N~', ..
n
'ifjI! ."., l~l
1~,~!Ii:i,~iI']~u
i'ij;1!I'1""""";;;;"'"
..:1'._ If_HIi
lliilf.!£':i~ll'i·
..,...
.tJi_.!:'1MI t S ~~~.,
,p:roruLli!dmt ])l.olooulM ....~o!io..,.,~ 'J''''_ "~'m,'iitli"':;j'o:<.o. ... = ""a,a;.I!!I.L>I:!Ul, "-II. [7',Q.'l.ILf i;3l1.l! moleeular e:fd,i,t'U!1mr,!i3J]. e, por ~6:~ ga:tan~U" a :nla;nu,'tel]!~~t~essa ,!l):tgmni:lia~JJ!. d '~ ll,ai~"~m dn~:da. qtte ']]a, 0 e'D,vrOJ,vimeuto de, itDJf:Il ga s !to. ,!lj(nl~d,er::1\fe[ de e.n,er-gia. Q:tllid ~£il e~,tm,['ante' e:o~l!',g~tic~,1Ne]]] a~ HlidiLa{.iJes, ;Uf;;:m as
~, II;;;; ....... """~ "" .I'.ILD1J!,;;:' '....... !;,'I;;!'~.~
O~,oo,tiitletVOOog, p_recisam, l
melaxas
G~"
as mai~ an'tigas :e.'Vid.~nci.ag, iCl1e '~dat~ a]gut1i:l'll~ st'uh~dA.~das org~lc'as ,que dad;a:m,. de ,3~'9billlli~ d.e .m;L~lS. U~, VM't ,gio~ mi~, ~es 'riVOg"t '!Sem~h~f.li.l~ b ~ baJiteria:Jlll~ datami;ll~' ~,5 b:]]]lllle~: (]j~' au.'lLO~. A :ull,3D,uteoi}fn"p. d21, ~,da :n:a, Thr.1.",~ depe_:[],(,leilll ,di~,
aJilar~ln.'~:bl dJ~' 1C~I,ulaa .,au'~O'I.\!",ijtfk:~s,. ~I,!P() 'hultl~ f!i .;~~:lt£flldn:te ~ ,q:~ .multas: m,u.dar:u~3.S ,a,p'l'"ove1ili.a:[!~e:nil;o merg;l3J. ']:IJl:f:llb1JfjS3 dt) sol para a da
(:[bi'w~~es
I'
tame
~.It~,
ottf:rr-e.s.se;n~.,
ill,
POl1:1!c de
,~nlli:~l"
,i]
. ],1Zi~,i;:{i.."gas:.
eM:f.-ri,ca;s ,pildjJ.~
'f-Ul!ill !$itI1:r.e:m.
et_;!t~Sei i'ne~rnl"f:.~Ia! D.e~.e~'~bilu.zm~ v~t .pOl" ~oerio~ os co~a.d.o~~, .E'~,t~. fi~l']rt.e de e~ergia :e. -[a qt1J~ ~'~ ~p'orti1llnl.!(},.
ro;t.iS'Ii~.il:~' e ~.'~Jl:1,\t,e1I..;
,~
uai1id,e quat1:hld~~
de. enerwa
tSel"
usadas
po~'
"e
por:
:P:TO.fl~o de- mol~y o~gi:[t~!Ctail~ apai:reee:nd:O~ assint, os sere8!, :p'nto.tJariHnte~· ,aJ]J:3teT(ib!i¢.\o!:!il ,s:w:wlriili,c(j,.E~nanse qUrd' h~, 3 bUb or::s.d.e, ,a]]:e$ a- Th]~!a. era m.'LIi:!:fl!Ulme'cl't~ :pa1Vf)ad:a pm" ,!}e-:r.es aI;Di;M~lllflftS. :Ha. ,2; .'~j.lh.fl~a ,~C1iil1: a Ig,~Liida.d~, de die, ~-eres' arubOi~.f~ j.i, ern, tio grande que '111013. ,Ol1J,tra
,~diil1.ca'~!iiJn
'eiS.Senci.ru
.o~~e1!]
,~~ P~3fi,e:~,
C(lrnLO k~d~ (IS ~~~ 16!.r~ ana,~~~, 0 dtt,g eeltu]a;g 1"JJ3 ,;t1.tnaJllidad.e ~. llm c3.i'boi"dr,:ato, ,iZ} 'uiJigim.ilUl, Jl_~:.er~rlo ,pe~,:i [j'~CW~bl,1Je~e,00.1. f aetm],m:W!ldlo' g[i(:lQlSe~ !\f~~, lulVleri$l'i1 Ica'fbo.j_ar~tos na'qttel21, n~ill ~i3J;~Qsf€ir:.a. :Em.,~3i1des "a1Li1;'lt1das U w1l16eWa,s ~pij~? (O~).. :l]'U.F.:nD ,If\O~n,p,~ o ~i.e:n,ti~ta :M:e];vi.1:1 [~,3]vi..n ,~~,e~i~,~u. d~ i:b~*ni{!11]]:lfaVioleta '1liheran!Cllio ospela ,~'~~fl Iqla, i"a!lli.a~&'t1' iEitO'ltb:a,o'@ (le l ¢'£Pe:ri]:nenlto~ iPO'J:r:H}os· d)~ :E\[:iJl~~I~ ,F<tJ~;, l~eooUJ!e;~,fitir ~ ll$.i c;un'l1p~O$ :ro:F:m~tfto~: v;elos ,gas~, d.;a 3i,~!OO.re]~~ '~,cimi4va, 'tt1Jle' {\[]i[ aID ht!l'Diliard.~ad!.(jf:1' pOi" :ra.m:~e~
q~l? 0
'~omhillstry-eil
OS8l~lie,:,i QLe,lillbi~a~
~g@mu
-
Dzil.,]1iOi
;I'
:~'I:am~Jlte
elID..t'h
expen:[i1~e:ntog1 ~El~,:tnn1.p'~sI:nle~.1ite, Mg, 111.ostr:am qlJ;J!.e'.{li~; C2Lrl:J(rli¢.ra,1tQ~, podex,i;m"Ji]J, te~ ~ fuITil'ilal,t~ :n:was
tQ~lil.~(:6~ da art1I1D~fler,a pJ:imitiva.
td,[l.r,a to~,_
ene:tt',g~tica
Q, Il,~].
,r>El$,n~a
Q,,~_(j
dfl'S'~ eg
de
l'3.d.ia,e MI 'l]]:tr:a'~rD.1~ta...
•" •
'Oa),
flaI,'3 ~rom:nal" u
d,ad,a, Jle]a:' {'et:~if,Q .£O.!Il:[n3idla caD.il~iilla de o~mll', ~ v]da, 'pude :p9J$~ ~a!T 1UL'fi]~ .~~lij']'va, ,rue de fiur:-esci:m,en:oo. ~4:OO~ 'be'mJ~(~q~' ,0, 02 ,!;lode' ar:1I.mwlar :fU;!i, no.s~a :s:;t:mi~~e:r.a, ~i~iI:tginM
emn
a.
~3
~X3:
.h~~.,
o ,~Ctll!m.t1.k' de:,t_nci.genio pf;fil!illliti'U :fin.:3lme,[JJ'Iie~ n ,:lpm\';clu.1.ie1~o dfl~ fl,rjmeims ~~re~ :a,~bietlg. erion. ~ .. [Lfi~.·~ ]'et:Llli_dl3.d.e'~, v],ibt. t':t']DlJe~a um ::perloclo I(le a. .m.U.ITi~:p.~o e dj.:v.aFs.filj:ea:lt~ ~ ~~trull.';i!Jru vivas, P]J~~S-{lI que. :oo~filin'tlia ,at~ iQS llOSS-Qa .. d:hll~L
Pn1&'i;n~o' ·d:e~Qf1..o" 1t"Q ,C:BJrA_' !£;UCam.7~;'el5 da.s ,c~I.ul~lS·r;~~c:ar~:ofite,s a 1l~6t:tt'nfas "
a:p~(:[nrtent.o
11
.A:M! :h~ej, enlx-e~'~ol .n;~·nburma ~elula, RitE, tieram ,e~:1ito:o, ,'.- O~: em...,s-:_.c. 'IiI[fi ]jl.J~!fiI:I~: _',-,t:! trail ,'" 11 w:m e t:3 1~.il'itIDe- a" dt~asl IDr.m:3S d·e ~I~,:. r.m'l~.aii~es e £6
f.~~.
OJ
__
IlE!ni(~m.1bn'~st
(m:1)~l~~u~)
de·
Ap6~
ff
:lIm~~~Il.to
e·
dM mli'l!ll~.~'~m[l'~..
;,
0 aper.f;e:['p~~e['lim ~Ci] e
Existem.
memhr:31EUl
Esta m,p~te~~, .porega qUI; algnmas ee·~,w~!!l. ~'r{n::nitln,'t.~!J. pas~..n,,~ ,!R 'Y'.i.v.er 'cle~~rodie· i!:t1J.~:; geJ1':,Ii~ c4~lUhLli'mais .eaLnP.~ e eflcte·]l:~. 0' runbMarm,e'nm foi e:ncfJ~lb."ado em 6:fg;anelw;;, OQ(DID, ;as: :O'J!ih)e{)j],dri.9:9· ,e. 'Oi~, don'~pl~s.'I00~~ q·tt~ posalllem UNA pripr:io,; ]~)d~1!ie:.m, ·~lrl.a..'1:.ser!f~elhan~~, ell1;re' as :r1"1'l,tne~ciliiara, ~ as ba,d~f'i,a.~ 1nel:1,iili,v'e il' DNA ~
ffi~WlaTI ,
_
. .~'~
fundlatti,Wl'caI qtl,~dif'e~eDlciit~
·VO'{;'j§· ,F l§
J~2,b
q tit e-
:m€:·:nib"l.'&haJl3, da pri-r:rllW~l. . 'IP,I~.Bm;a~]MjU(1nlD{], 118 ~'bi, hiP f.!it.e'~,,~ ~lre:~~ cruue ! filLr,a,'U~~ d.e. rel."'k I!l.lo E:.lJI.dop,1~&[n4't.ileo. 0 gO,l,gjif."$WfiO Ie' Q9' .m:uJt~e.s:~ .nov,~ pMeinas rt:w.~m. mt~'b:~ti~Hii:aB. U:~riS~OmiJ'::;1. pe-].mitin[;lo :0 degeLIJ."!fo'lvimen110 de um ~jstem:1'l, .As. o:rgan.elas .q,~: it~l[1JJ~ihn, NA (:mitooG':ntJl'las D ro'llQ.plexQ de :m~:m:b~3!s'1i a~) P~},D.bl de ill\l'agmn e "~ d,'~J11a,$tQ:s)~ pOiIi' ahll'~ l~df)i~lliiJU;ar~. de Sl~esp.;illl~r '~Oir d:ej11b:~ d.~ie:e,].tl.l~" endtOs~ilnbiose I r.mjttlJali.E~U.LQ.). ,e-nb1e p.i\ne_i:l.r:i(Mi1~~. DeBm· .fmm.a, ~~:am s-~d~ as d[ie'I':el'-ltes
urga[]lel~1 em.v'(JJltas.
f'j~d~,lleb].QI
_PtJ[' ~lrnJJ.e[]]ibj'\~~,
i
de uma p.n!Mrino'll'te.
'e' a
ear 3,'c:lte:r]i~ti"~a.
1hnria. ndSM
S.eg'uu.'i1o e~I't.~ lti~re~e
1J(~~UieJn,
as (D~aljJe~~as q,IlJ.~:OM
!'i!:urgir,8.m a pardr
re'~.do.p'tat~:m:i.'ti.r: G ~[:l . ]i:alQJ,a ~ Q f.!L'H]I~~ U go:lg1.~~ll]:H) e a~ :r~itfic&D.liirias! 0 loo!Ser.ttV{]j'hrufi~.'L~l clil :l]l~trHl Pr,ot':e~1 ~e:!4Ul£IU2;i,uao ~li.H'gimento I(le
Um~,
'D:.t-U~
COIJ;!Hl!
(~
ear~lt"l\ooca~
12
'1!IIi:N
09
T1Iiio]i!TVD'O: 'D'<."_ .. 'y' ",".- ··,,· C;ITI .'", -]"....<0".'·G: .~. ,"·U',~A""O'."', A:' ".. "10,"" 'L' " .' ,T,~ .. . "
&A/'A.& •.. -", I
A, t:l~ltu\l ~£ a" "umic1ade t'l'Ill,:r.f'fi-£~]6:g~ta,dos ~eroe.s Yi:vn~\"Mtid.ernam,{'m:t!Ei .(,·\[)iilcei,'~l!la,~ c~l.la, como a men~r' 'po~a:o d~ :m;~,tma"li~a O'otaida lDde,p~dwlt~,.,
.
gela,1.iD 050
loomp~t.ij;~ro~·~
1
,M. 'que
l!~~nCh~dio~, par
tmnbem
eb:a.lnal:-am, OOlW8!S.
111l~,
lC(jrn.'t~t\&
YIO
..a
c~:pla"c]'Y~,!Y"~
~..l,,.!I
.. ,
,..;11
Y~
;i!I:'u.~Qg'U'I!II~'!I'!c~)~~O
<IIe..l
-"
,-;;
,A Te(Jl:io" ,Celu,Zo;r.
ereseente ult,el'~'~J$e' p:el,i!IL roiC~O\SlOOP]8 'e a :c!!)'n~eq)1e'ntel ,m.viBS:~iga.pao,doa maif; idi~e:n:e'l];t~ t.ip~ die animaie e ~,]~'tnta8~Dom _I' = =M- tb'" OJ 'L,'I ":::l~__ ICl'E!!UW~ Wl'!3!DJtfllBSi' ' ~,~'>IR$l: beJiUJ~l~ a'!'fi. ...l_ -cl.:~:QIJJiUli'" :8ellll'W,alHD, em 1838 ~ 18391, iOI'mm;Etral1] a 'bipdJie&e de que ,tod~~, lOS, I!il~M· viI.v~, ~ii!l'
..• ;j;.,;.,;,~
1
Huuve
,-
,~.o:I!ID'''''iO;II,lI'i-~~-j:,fii
u.§'~IJaI!VU~·f
llJiy;.
~."'[~~y.-.
est:ltdo
dSJS
. ce[ W;B;8,
,p'~]bil:i'L[jiy,
di13 san
volvtm
e:ri1,1tI~ (;b'l
mh!
r'O:~U;.HJId. a
'Que mSI;g:!L'lihiit&S"emos:
terD'lClS '~Qlutj W8" ,~ ,algol 1iJni~, 'n~ hmto:~i~ ij'iJ U,J1I.~'V,emo: nds tumamns Mn~'Ii('uini~ (le, ii.1J.6~ e ro.esfrula. N e8W mODlen,1;Q', en, q:ue ~ou um eo:o.i1;;uatO M e@luia;s,~.'~~mvC)' 'Pm:~, VQS~. !l],Uiill!i:8ii~,~ocisda~s ~~],ul{j.;res'j' i1iiob.re ,ee1ulag~E um ,ma.r.avilho®fJ pwoc.eiSi8~ de, autocenhecimente,
dentFO d.e
Ill,&$, mssmns.
Em
assim :E"(]1jionl.lula.e]a at base da 1ea:1"ifIJ, i(1e&llJru:. "rOffiOlli-:59 a, 'JemiEI! Ce]td~lr-i que c~z' que. ~todoo;.os iJ;r-g~Jl.i!s'UiFo;s, 'Vivos is.ellll (;'uO-,,~titUld~ 'POT
]]'stav.,fIj,
,~';::]'iI,niGl!!]!! ~,+lL'H<~,~
U-;o;",
AtrilbuJJ...s~ a clm~, ,r.a:hriC~l!.'i.il'~es d~· fi{:!Jlos 'ho1ar!l.d.eses .. ]·IarDs ,e ',Zaebariu; J!aJlSsen~ :ni~ Am, do seCULlu, XV[" a. !Joinli'rt1:"U~,a:,o do '[ru:b:nai~o miTDB'Cl6piQ" IYI~. foi O\U~;ttfO 11.0.1atnd!$~ ,M'IO'me ;,;r,an L~nw,emhoe.k ( ~11;_q,~2_ IT'J3 ) '. 0 .pri~eiFO a
emp:r,ega:r
U.J.OWg:J.C:a.
L,::, 11..;:;, _c'
.1'.
~ul$ ~pr;~;S~Eis. .l1e smmwoQ. sua oonclusRo I~~mtuma '"F.r~~ em l~'tim: Q:I!lG 151~oo u1f,mro 1000000cid~i Onm.is. ,c-elbilln. e oolhd~ 0']] ~a, ~t~)d;a'o[§;lW,a sa' ,~)ri,g~ de ,~~ na. ~61)tlJla" -
---- ." ]..., m 'l2~!\ 'Ui~ -1"';:1~~'L X-· - ;reo ..,.-B--1lI.0__ "'lYI¥Jt:!I~I~V1i 1(."Q[tCI'l,:g:Q,"U: qll,e as. ~ll,llM ~m."D.ffiIDt~ ~:e e,rign1mJl. pela ~p:r-.Qdli]t!a>flde
i
D:lLl!lI.. iL!ill1~:
,~'1,;-,;.'"
,1rI;,
~'
-1""'';:'" .u. ~I
,b.Ui-.U","I!iH...uJj'~"'"
• ...,.,it"i.-
10 Vir~S!'
.:mn nlierf~s~6,pi ~,~ jnv'~s:~ i.ga~abQ 0 0 miO~mn '.:iI' lIl1c,rOS(~p1~1 ....11. 21._1 .' . 1 "..!I, ,:, ne !.iI!.ISS\~~]],:'!jI\O ·V:lrli.LL')
l;lit:i1i~;l.'V,~, Sll!t:'v~lil'te ~a,
,ch~m.~d(iltilt i~S(b de lr:lili~~lllp~ol ~~,l~ : o mi'~~~SC6P~,ill' eon stl'11-fd/i'J' pot' Robert· Bo'olit:e (1JJ3ijl _, 11~]i3J ffa~ ~mg"esi' llle,mbr-6' liJ~a R~ SocjedBde ,rrigl!es~~. po,r RP]"~8,eJn~" dnas le-I1!t-es.,'O fiCCi~ eo~trtec;id,tlloorrn~j micro·s.cO:pilQ! Crin.;npo~tD.
I
IlO'Dr Lf3ett\M~l~iek
:~:enI~'~
illlo aeelulares .. E·~~rL;S!.:d::l,\ ,a, Te~ria t:ehl]a:r ,e'~aqu..~~id~Sl~' Pe.. nsa-se ~.u.e'nar .. ,p~--q:neOBi vin.tS do ,P~tl$1 mb~a(}el~ ,ull~,iJg~td!lio~ Jigtu le:~ :p~ua, ~: .. ,re·pr.ncl:u..zllr neeessitam do mai(ru1:rui:rk~ de tunal eelul a. Logo, todo Q meeanismo essenc.iaJi H ~jida ~' I~n;(..~oo't~~ i'i!:JJ100rio:nr- dJ~~ oolu.l~'. IDtl!
ICi!IS '~
de~mlt'Q~.vi'O'lliEn.b) do ~lllljo.
dos·
Vfrtt!s'l
:IT'I!Gl_st~nu que
'95{},
,0
,ral~!rim.~M OICyili,fj en .. ~e 'o~ elentlstas ebservaram uma musgu Mai:!l a.~in.~,~1iJni;:JJO rCI~ to de .~]niJ1~,'UIe FIQok~ {i!b~~~_Hil. M~tifati,~ ,r1e ~~~ea,~ ;~7.Mba,to'Q 'q~( n mci~'Pal, I~'.r"_ l~iu:a.S:ld,tu ,n~, pOT" ,Upeq.~L,e'lrUl:i,g
,~m;p_l~imenmfl~' 'fllf.rltl ;~s:Se:D"I1. eelas, aasiw ,d~.'mnil1nil!'~' ,(;~l'tda~ (~m brgl@.s oo;Us ~~ LI).~c'a·mm1'bl'~\ p:~tti'if" tJoo lllo;nw, uma a
it.
m.~:a~oop~, de sua
En1! 08 de '~lri] -66~t Li~fi Books na d~ re'iLiJ:Oti!~ da Re,al SQleit';d! ~de "~.p:r~'s'n-ttJU ~
t j. I~
,Fa;npao Ida' Ce,lu-la [!Bulat, .~ at .ID)eJ]or p.iID.'~ rlIa .ma'tmia, vi1l.at ,d,trThad.a . da eap alCicl.a,ci.e' de! .~,U:I;ii}d uplie :Eli.~:Qdl
'mdGipeJMil ~rJnte ..
IClfM9i/fleQfJoo' ,d'f').WjSer-es ,
·'Vi:V.(;J6' ell,R,
:~omlda:nd
~peqllJeJlI08
de
1,
·mi· 'CIKmJdiM.
'matai:'w
g-e]a'i:maoo,,' .A.s:.sim~ 0. termo '~~~]~~," p~u it S'e.l~emp:ni@pdo 'p1tt~ ,ciLejli]fimUrr rILM 1?OfJS 'eam;pM't];mem;ws: l!iI1a~ 'k~~bem a ~ep OOFl'Wud,o,. ~~nat:i:~Lili.1(lteg, ,~oor,po' d p] anta:s.
os
'CK pa];trnJJmw~~t:~UI 'eF,B1_J1U ¥·a;zi.rus oom~, .. m ~ ob"S~~ados na ;or)J"~il~~:D)::lS, p:ree.tl.cl1idlfji~ ,POl!" lllll1
DNA.
bemi P~~!~S,
a.as
,Otll'tx~"$.
:pe~qui.~ad(j:rt~,
1~be:fIlt.:OO
animaia,
'eram, ooMtiJt;uM~.ffiil~:t'''~~peq.li_~,
CiO:1-"JIS~e::ll.r~,
q'l.le
m.e:m!l.)ran as.'I lolD'"ii'i. nouilo c:o·mna:Ft:.iUte.ntcFdi .... , ltiliii' 'F .,zad.la:s t pO"UiI;!a5 ofgaru~]~l;8). A:s~iIn, nao IU05l:SUe;M e:nVfjllt6[iJ:o l1I,uileaJr €I ~" ~em. D'NA ~8;~_'
nades nuclooid,as",
8Z!Lli'lS! m'l
• ~ 'to.
As.
Illi~'
LcgO,~ ,0 rl!e'&e-~~k! ,en.b,~G, VQi'ilnle Ie'at ~uper:,f'irie urn dos, rn,bJ~$,:indut-o:Fe'[::!,' cia. 'mito~.e~
b)1 Eitllg;1'ri_mg.'~eHi
. ss
mo~' 1c;~trH~ll~as..Q'!iJan~'"Om ~~ dGS~flV'{d'vidl~, ! ,lliF uma eelula ,rn.iaJlDh" ~,a:, 8 SlLm,oo_mpa.rli,~ mentalwQjto',. cm~Ul;U€n1 ,tod.G~;os. ,~p:I"m::e]jta.n~~~" R-e:i:l]f]~;,~~!t:i6't~, VW-'lIgii Pbllnt~ e" do~ Air hlim:aiW.,. :TU:HWM"D
A maktrla. das ~~[W$ Ie' ,mi~e6p',~ea ra maiol'ia, das·ceLt.du ,bllmn~]se ve,geta16 .oaeila entre
Gf~e-
~:w~
,SI'ildl~nd!o"Biz:~~eii~·
p~,~,
£er
,
..
l!~
anante m;rt~~'
-
e)3SS:~ca~
,,;]1
lettt
i~.
d0"V100-
I~~~; :~;p~:;
,~~ui~kL'$com cl~TI'o ':vi'~~ • "-' • • .cl",,: ~1' •• . ttdt6't:ij!t~, ltd ,pDueQ' apetta..lli;zadas, :Ex.: celu]as ~p'j;teliais" e
'bi)
bil a;igumA1t5 '~:nJ~,cr-ix~c.6,p~caJa ·ooro:O~. fihna: J~;lfi~lLlgod'~{l la!:h~elnlmi e 'dG·a1~"M;" ittUa SfJ!."~ Aecwbularia SfJ ( OODl (Ulima' N
H)
.0
i~luJ~s
~as
die, m€lll dillffe'I'eI1r.ci~an d.1L!.rante- Qt defilej]~ '~'Olv]mel:rro ~m'brion~i))i 'PJ'IlDmle~iml ooro '~~pacidad!6 d.e se diviiii.T', q:!.m!im;~,nJ~c'tl~~-·.twio. n Inc:ln1m,~ .'fIj,qlLtJi:a, ~.m.dE" 'm9.iorja. daiS ~]W$ii;, ,miIlMiJJis~ Ex.~eel~,E!iSdcH~cid~ !oollj'lmitiVQ:~le~, ~,lIl.llas .b eP'6"u~~. '
,me...
,celuJas
de
'viiio ate
,
,----. --"fj~prnm~JLO;.,
!que saem d:l eeluna 'V'e'r~b.r~ .IE!! 'pes ]lOd.@W. at]ngil" ,~tE urn m,~,tJ:"O d~ A]iJiTl a5, flbra, 'iii" ,-, ~ __ ,~ __ teeidos d:-. . ~,~ lOS. ~~_,_~ '_~
gljj.s Vo'eg~tnm, p(lri'em .. 1illtmgi-r' ,a];gttnl.S
hu.mem"
d~ 10 'em
c)
00 p~EDr:t~~Hnt~s
Cet1UilJas :pe1l"DUnlmt~, - 'e~hrlM c.m:nm. eiclo: .-vi,tal ,~oJElg'll\. ,OO[ril alto grau dB ,t!Sp~ciitl~t.ltvig,
~Mt~t~tJ
',;r'
~~m. 1~~2' '2 m de: tamaahe, pode:nd~ .ronda ,ttar: d'imc:n~ill' m'~I'J!Gif~ Afll oont:ratiI) d'~$ dC:rrH~'iiS 'Mct&'iallS, ~a, m.ierap.lasmas ,11,8,0 p(fi~su~m pa'Md,~' eelular,
FttWDm
tlEt[lt.]m:et-m~ .. A'S, me:ntr['lM; ,~lmaJs oonl:u~cldH ,sani 'u ,dos mieopiaSJU3:Sl ( J?..P~'LiOI'il~ b9.iet'~rli!ii!i;: ,ger.altnen.te
C3:paeidaJde de 'j8prodll.lya'o~ 'Ex.;' fibri:a~ museulares f!;stl,'is-, tl,~s" :n~l..lilOni~! ftl.omna tnos vr~"~tmiSl).
l@J,
~!!!!Ij
'lQ~e(loe€'no
em-
a.
:II' ...ii~~, ue
~ '~~ll.lJwa. :podem, !\In,sauir on ~i:l3nfOlll:ll:lJ]s, fIXa (as amebas Ie' o~ ] ei,u;;odto,s" pot' !9X.'elnlpJOn' 'lIlli,odifi,cam ~--=:Olnlitn.ua:m!!i<".J]"t~~[[~ f(wm~1:J.
le'.em m'9Eif"nll f3St2 de d.e&'ie::m~lvimeJ[],m'J. mte~~~~__ ];I ~~~o udol ~ indiri,du",~T,I'. ' . C',"!I~,,,'1 E' J.-.-,.;t'"' ,"_S;'J.~lu_ur,a, C'. eh 'I or' """,, '~'_,g [.·.wa,
'!IJ!!JJ.IJ~
._;c.,...."
D'.·~'d£h'lli' .o'!iin: L.?:;; ,J"!,,,: Vr,IJ"u:n+.o C~alui'tD'" .. ;. ~-~~~'-{ ~-,...7' _ ~_. ~',r~ .: ~:_. ~_._ ~.._ "0 '~l'olum.'~1 c~11l11er~ ,a~e n-l.~}g: eet~ de
Illi'1 ~ _. -_~'
..J.", ue
:1L~iL'~qo,.:,::"~
.....
nao
A "bnIilu '~' lo~'lwlR, I~l p,hniCG~ud:arij'tS, ]lW ~,:plolO aL~Jj!lp!!inha a sua ,funl~!il~.N6 e.]l~to; as
duas formas
piJ_lici'dri~a8.
,ma.i.s.
mm1Jll1S
tE;§O, ,~
eiM.e1'dCilS, ~ d,
,E"21J;Q[ea,
eemo a
tensao
Sl111e.l"ficial
da
do
,em;'l!.il¥i1~ 6tl~;itJ:ntM ilPJ~SGJil'~W11l1 dnas ll.'iBglli5es:OOBrfu]Ggit::~!Eilte diitintas. - a eim,pbmm at e 0 _n.ncleo, - e.n1!J:-e ~USi c[t~aig {Dcm're um tr_&nsiw eonstante die ;tniiJJ,wli'ru q~.lm.tico" QS,.D]'Bjs di'v~S05, fii)S, d,Q,ia; $e;[Q.'~(l~. 0 mtu,ilas:ma Ie ftTtvoJ.vi,iQi 'pel~, membsana pl;aamati('.a: ,e'u nliele:e p~ijl ell\l',oo,t6:rio.
" _. I _ _ ~_
~l.tQiPl.[[I,~~, meio II!cO ,q_:l.iaJ, .' ~[~ ~elphll$ e~!b1D "i'ii'>"""".~~..:,'II.,.,,,,..... , 'iTfi....,~'a-"'"~·....... . 'n,.,-""'·'t"" pii:ll~'''''''' ",,~l .1i ... .,. ..,..; -': .... haa ,~;,i_1L~ab~ ~Ii- ~, •.'~~~., u -lUL"lL~JI~.~. _"~1_aP. 1(.!t:~,flillJL~_D .IZ'illnE- a!a i1' R prd'pl"l R .a~'tEn~m i11a~j; (i. g,QI] €i~iea J3:tB.J~ ..lI. i!.~:i;.. --.'. - 3j' -iii"....... dOlI "f.. c. I "'11iJ ' 'Yi~~l. U.llIl __ l1'~ _~__ I'~, c~" .:a:r.
'It.
nuclea.r. l'Jorgarnolu~ com fmJ~O@,8',s~'c;~~~_:[s, eomiO ;mi'["'-C~lndTi~~~ r;eti c'Ul'~ end'~lPIU~;;wUicoj' spareJlho de Go'lsi" ~~ rIDM.Som,os"~ IcenU1J oeluiru:-1' 'phwtoo. ::Jllem M vacuo[oiEl' e incl:uSQec.s. !O
vmtaS le~IJ'il'pr>:
Po.tllit$m
,£ei: Ide: ,~~Jwer ,a~I(lf'a:tlrJJ'_dr-fI 0' ' 'Vulrr,jme' e' " S:~perficte Celtd«;r;
='
I~
-mC3ID1Q ~iine-~n~1~jM.
Ci'"".l " ~;iEn!tl-iQ
~wr!L, .0
1~I.'u:a.dr,itii:.dQ;
ICijJtupl~~im ~ltlCA cre.~ce maitl ,a ~1!.iped](;.i~ ~a: menr:u.b'rlBLna~ ;.;I C~l,11ilat busic,sr,:a rl,Qvaumellt'e
~l,
'ro;affi W~"BOs. [!lliJJi~l,]tubul.o.Ei Ie D][i!crr!):ffihll'1reubJ6~, oo~t]t1!:iindo 0 cit~~ooi,(itll'J~ 0 'Du.ultGQ 'blm Vid(1J~il.iliit;tulQ. '~~Tat<uIistic~it~
1
'l:i.iaJop]a~ma,au cita!i;ol,
~:Ill~.do
l[:,je§.lul a,
l
le'"U~~(~':Dt-ei . ~
ilQV,M
iL:~luJlaG.
:nrnd~Rr~
l1LmlejJpi].aJmlH,
fcn-:r.n:ado
':P~]ijl
~"'fi:v(rdu[..u,]~igp
liJ..l11E!
ru 'cel.\1JlM.'~'ucarinl1'te~'t taErlliOl die iitegew.i.i:!. ~~}8rjO]\es. e.Q\M.O ,ite .l:tLlhi~.aiEs i5ja es~rr::utm~~e:n!~. s.eifte].ha;nji;.es:~, p ore.llJl. ~ ap:teSi~trtml] algumas
9~ 'V3E,D".IDL- . ,d'e: ';-;l!1ct1! "UlelW3!F - MD wt~ri~:": -1 _ _ _.Il _ _ 8_ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ill. _' 110 l"e9pcnis9Y€-1s p::!'lo etJjt1lilfbdo .o.sm6ttoo. S'a,fl) d,e qrte e,~ ~:FiJc~iolo uma sol~oo·forma= bi d ~ , e agua e dil,'V~~~i;l!S '5:ll~l3:t~l':1JWa8OI)wn ensd ..:: i 'L· < ' I . t--. ~• b]' ,_ ,S'I r.ngm~, os, i::1~_~,~ ~, ,41 P'r.~t9a, di";!' ,agjd~) e 0' ~bm,.i~J de te5.e~ da ~elun1!a '~eget~ut'N'~oobila .animal asu'bs,Uitnem de reserva ';9 () :g:1)]c-ogemo. in P1r:es~Ifit'3. d'e' plM_OdMDliJi}lS, - ~i!l) pclIl'~e$'
bO]S8J,
"J .,
d]fJjmny~ .bui.~. . 1) Pail"-ed~,'Ce1I.mlM"' _.P.&U'\~deC-elUlnSiC3 q_~112env(Jly,~-~,1;1,11!et1lbralDl p],E1!~m~tica.~ c~t~irn.~:mcn-· '~~ das ~~[u.las veget:iliB, .mant!E!ilJem '3. iJ(l;'nm.
"finltlillJTI~nt~J ~impgrtin cia" PQ~,~X(!I-nlP~O 'P~ .. ,3" 'entracli':a d~ ~rrl(f~, pl::'.1.iJ:ta :N0, .in'~~r.r "oila, dla"
I.
....1.
")!I'
,>
emstante
e prote,g8~
d·tGpl9Js:m:ar centra
=,
2) P~m~a
de ~,..... orIg-anel!.a:B que ar,pignru.e:ntn$ - {c~'01tiJOp]ast(kS} Oil m~tefia1 ~,a)l:\E!lS8'J"'!lal, Ue:ncopla&fL;ea).,'D'S, rnals Importan 'as 8~O ns ,c}oroplnst~!· TieGs aw elem~:;r~~]'L1
t'O.ul
__ ,(;,:]
]ll'>oteim'5I
a,
.I#(I'].n!t"1,,~,
__ .,.
p~"n'!,;!I..I
..
__
j, ..
,i:. jj
... U!.l~~.:::il~,~
.,
,Ik';;;,~.·
1!,.:1CO~,
"
'tJ'ansittl,
vizfu:ih~.
._-----------------------------------------
l'~~·O.
PA.ElA" GA.~~'\,
Iii .,fi'_' ,00 .• _-..:. , d' til Cel' las E" '_ .'~ -tjtJ ,',~s:hl.,-t);.,~ClI':>.~:U' '~.:.
Ob~1"V8£~ih1-0 das 'Q~luAu~_;pod~ ser "'Qi:ta <.lin -, 18 '2i. ;",-, . -[]U~o:l;a !SiaU rru;l[.n:.~u;I[~,s~"v .. ~ I: ----, - - - -t·.j,'Oi - 'VJ.. ~ 'WI'll1_! ~ QU, ~~~!E j' as ~, __~ ~
~"L; -(;/1'
.0, mk~r.6tomu·paI'~.,8 .m$.eI'osIjQip,ia 16:p,"tj,caJ M2lIl navalha de a~~j e ,~ que eoo:t.a oodd~ 1~81i~at ,at
ImOllrtas, st,r,ijVes. de.-:nm preparado ~OWIlleJL:1i'te f '~imina) ~ q,~ fi:,~-m,]~r:~rvmJl_a_g, js1jO~ '"fixad;as.
01.] ~:o:~ibr~mH,
~m,,~
eeJulu
COLO'Rfl{JAO
A,maimia da:s org~l1!e[as ,3!ij'O b'-'itUlSPW"1lt!11:ntes,e' difi.clIllta, !il, . ';s!m:dg I'Mii~"t()S'ti~i'GO, 't:~u b<~\mais, ~ q~ s~ :f'aZ ,r.u~·e~aI:.iJi1,a,
'I,f,~nt~~1l'IS
eelulas
naiil
Para
usn
i._['u.1{)I'O'r~~'~ 'qU"' 0
V'~
de 'oor3.[[teE~
1. 'FlXACI,o,
Tem,. '~~l(fnO firtaJid;'ilIi_de ma:!ialr e' 'proe~Jvar a o~l~~lR.Ilvit9 a 'Std6]i8e inl.:P£!~e!' R .p:Jr.nUtfex~~1 de
:O~ ~,1Ulte_s p'Qde'm ~r \1:i:tajQ·,( do :ma'tam at I(}eh.din.} .ol.,ll nio 'titarSH PlDd'EH11 set bti[,cma ,. :~,~'u] ,~- t~}~.i.d.i n tI ~ ,~,::t1Li!.]~ itl~-m ~)~i '1~'n.;{j . e ;~ -,d 1
,ffiddO$ (m.-an.fJ:e th
'IITii'uit.o
h_e;[i(H:ll.w~i1ina -
urn
des
c~,antea,
l]Jsadu)
b~~trni~sj ~promgv~ Q
mais usades),
em'.Emt,e,
,el,~b:--i11ti)i::a,
aumenta aTInid.atle das estruturas oelulm-.ei3 pelos OQl"'.B!i!ll.Ws, clto~ogico!Sl., A :&~o .pmie Set {@"~:1ta por ~llte'8i ffsiooa camo '(}calor cu PQlt ~(;m:ws:, l'[m:mioo~: ( 'l;;:'h'Jrom de ro.~,\tlhio, 6ti.do ,P[,~dOOlj.i[,deldo m(FnliL~~t-e~nd:o de 6Si1:ll~ij~,glutm:rudeido h. 0' 'tetn>x;i,oo ,de: ~Imtiio ~' .0 gllJlt~ dei;d!.o &~O 05 'm~:i5 usadcs na: nl]:~&)ap-ia
~. MlIICJlOtFOMJA
Objlc:rtivtEl, co~i;ar' ~s pe.v.~i!J; 'b"ClidWii en1l facias 'fin~8: :paT' Q exram'~ 1J1_]ctQ~(Q-P:~~I;ii\. As peJQas para :Se':r~l'n observadae ,~O
'~I'!rK~t:ro~~o:p,jo' 6IJlt!,'~~~ffij~ f].ic;1-pid;a~ 'e[[]
'[!Q:I;t;9id9.S![lQ[iIl,
.p~.s
:P'srs'
sio iriH.;.h;,~r;$dg em :re.8m a!.,~ do '~i.]lQ,~p~ eom Q'. ni !3lraldite e {j e~on, O~OOL~_@ ''I23:[',wn de DP2, ,3. (Ji> 1
m]r:r.omet1'1Q!. die espessura,
:PW:afi:Jl}.lt
ie
T5
condtensa,d,IO~ ::iB. 'a:bj're'ti:v,a e ,a, ooctliJiaE: ~!h~, ''I{,~L~,tUl,te-S' do ~£"!rU:$.!PUr(]]O 6plii"Ii)r) if,.:(IImn n :mi,t.ms;ciil,pilll Id~, prJlarifi.o e. u mi.e.l-6sellpif:F dc, c:'O.n.'~rJaS~ d~ ~ase.
lIPuti'a'
Ide
13!me
de uma
l~r.)'ti~a.i l!eD:~e~~ i]
djptif!a ~ ~ I mjc:r.dmei~D (I nil, = i(t~.mm ~~ as, ,l1tlid~,ttf1i5 usadas ,e· l'i,lBL, MJlit SaQ' ~, rJ!a:r'l;filll,e:l;r'f) (1 am = lcra :1:11 Uti .l{~,-!tll.n1) Ie 0 fiDigsJb:on, (l.~~;;;;;;JLo-tm, IOU 1C,-"1liunl. ..]
'L1n.i:d8c[lJe
d:e~ :mi~Q:\!J.~6p]2!, _
de sepa~~l' ~e-bllie~,. .lILiu;~ite re~~'~:ll~U de' run $fu:s,Tt,e,tml ~pti~~1 ~ .ell, d~ 'm.eJj(j(f:" dist9An:efa qUia )d~,e'.i~gtrr ool.:re )cfui~ .PUD,1:oS ~ua ca:pacid~
'P~ia,
'4~re~ollil~o ae um
:ri[j!l,te'm_~6pti,oo 4;, a
microBco,pin e:lei16rfdc6 c]c, '\'iflt'i:'"edtllxa. (~). ~)e! pode pesq il.istLf e OOmpaJ:"aE as P-lEt.'rtes
as ~a.etenirll'~,
1~:I.J:r[r.llJ[J.;[."·:Il] .~
~.l_ f!.~ .;'JI-",-
[E!~eDl,p]JIiJ. '0
(TErM)
e' 6
IB
nm
que. :ap,aF~
0,9 lllnll.11!l .:an,~,'c:l'i~~>c6p,'lj)s 6pt"'ii~IIlS ap,TTe-~JB(~j,'~::ltm. :l:i~i't~ .d.,e l'escrlJL1~a(} 'rjUf" O~51 Mi,'t!~m.etms: !rlill1 (tOt'O~ -mtrrt" 0 limite Ide :ll:esDlu~-Io do mjcrogo~piOI ,el,e'l:ii:..rlni.ool da ~ (j(['tIDe:m. de" I~l~mnimmetr..o rt na[tfjm.,~trc~}on m
m1tt1i
urdem de OJ
on 100, ,r.arl,c~:rta'G~"
Ie ,da
. Perce:bri.l! p~~ e~,:p']ol qu.e U:Sa.Dl..us u ml:c,fo,s,ebpi,Q e.'I,~tr'&ni.o~ de, 'v:~i1l'red.'li1r8, para ~:1" Vj,s-![J;:;i,d.za'it" ~tl:per.~j.,CJ)~.s.
j!f' "
O.~(UJOO;01 nLi]j1rlille-~p'.
ADI'LA- ~
' " 1.I'",
-,
~ ,0" .
lBtn:tdllf,a;~,
Thn.'tr) tl III,~!te;t!ial.rm'ta; qr~talA.'t.ua rKl3.'M:,da .vJv,a. 'tl~~em dos m~~m_(~~, ,el~tnie.f.!i"t_9!~ ,q,1)lfmi~-9~~ Dil,
~~t~ja'l ,(~ra f.Q!~s:m,nf:;l e]e:me:alM~ q~:ttrl,OQs, e~'t!o pi~~en:te~ eu'il li~U' ,tJ ~lpu de, .ma.'lif!.1ill. t~l-e~'~I!'t?
MI Sll1lLb~,t~:Dda.s~~~,;~i.'ttlm'l.ie~ c do~ seres v~i,;v:~~, ~.~ o,r-g~;ad'a~ ~m d~i~ ,~~p08.: • wbsl,j_nci~, mor:gimioea.s:;' o1.gIL1lliL ,~ saiB,
minerais;
ifj,ii}Si
()'b'iS.e i"V a -~ e'~ e m.t:r~G't an t o, d,i:f ere n,I~3",S :i.'im.1.tm:m:_eIltru.s !8'Kltr1;\!: ::I :ma'~n3; vi~l'::1 e. a. _mat~ti~, ln~I~~ nos aq~anjos ,a.'lt8miro~,e ,n'Op-~r.;[) mal~~lih1r. pm" ~~lpJfll". odas ~s celllll~J9j (,'~IJ;f.!rl[111i;\1, 'veg:~1i:al
m.i:~l"'Qb~anaJ~orutem
[)S,
• SUlhSt:DU]i_$;o!i'gkd~3S:
:Pri!l:])~jjp,3is sulJ~'tiD,eiaSl 'Pil~liIelllt.a~ :n:a m;d,erlria 'vii,va e 'sua ·taxa cle o~o:no,@l1!~i31 ..
m.egmo$ ,el;e!flle'ltl~
,J 'I, ...... U,~.::t:1D
P«~,P'~~
G',
J~Pfl!~!:3!B It. ~ilO e~~nciai~, p.~ra 'bodasa~ '~~LN.lIlfu.u:. IT,31ti(~aJDi,e,n.'t~ gS%- dl:i massa ~O"tal ,(~a~ db.i1.aJs, ,is ,~[).fi$tH_,"i!jida pOoD" gels na;f~ r.r.u:.d_"aISl:: c:~,}L 0.. N, ,S~'N'ol;e'~, pmMimidaile de~~~,· ele;Erletm.'tns. uaJ t~;bel~ ~ri.6clie:!l. S:16 ,~tE~' que, fo:ml!:llm, ~~ oo,m;pfi[~le[lA;~J~ Struitl.:i:r.irui9e' .f~.etill'lahs ~M ~l¢u_ ~
i@ip:~:'~nta;clar.ne;r~t~
:~ais. D'e'..to!ilQ3
':8<
,.:!i" ~~
en]'
Q8
14,%
~,\ o;:i.IL!L~J"1
:~
:a
,t3:X~ ~
JL%
~~wa~.,
,¥:I'~'
m.at~ri,:tIJ,'riv,;BJ..
'E'!.l,ihtm~enrlt,e a a'~ p.,1jCl! f:' ,~ ro.o16cula. m,e,rL~~ ,~tJiUI a fu'liit:a ,[4l1n~_1o ·,dE? preena:i~:lel!" esp,itJ(o_~,
M :mfili~-,_uu de
,~gma..
iGLD
oo.!Dl'~-.m-ilfi.,influem
-bllio.I6gi.ca:a, da l],lacrom£1l1ec~llas.
,'E:t#l1JU~"Q ,~ C:lU:3c~ririfttC~!l!i,
d'B~Bi.vairnente na
oo:rrufl:gLtrn~o ,e _p:-mp:t1~d:adllEs
1IJll],
~gti1,~, d~ 104~'a,g.t'aU~~ :&:r~C~~::IJ~ I!lm. ,~s,p,e~l ~ ~:e uu:~, te'h",fdte.clj.l,;i]1 ]igei'r.ameo,te .~CbH,g;ado.
:ir'I~e g~ld,a_j_~
~_ mo'lecwa
si
Cnmu c'(D,~eqde[{l'ci~~ :[I]tbl~~~J:a'I;l' turna urn a ~ 'bip'OJD.~ urn 'p610 llJeg.taJf(i'\i'\i:)j,,~ node 'iufu·o '[J:[~n--mfuiij do
'ON]gc:rut!h~ ,e',
-II •• 11
dra.i:s
a l:D.Ul~c-liIJ3 de
'~~&in.ell~ca.
~,;i.~ 11 _U;lIL-oi;o1.JJ.
,i"IIlii .."..;f,i'i!"j,i"!r/
1l;II~,~t1.:::i1-m
:.q_mUl
;dJ~ fitQli-~
d;e,~gua..
AD
'~Il1:p1tt&
S&~O
f-mr_D:1UaUaO rfIiTI,~'mI!' ge{mEletr.~~oo.a:b:~:ves de. , ngR~n.es~fj,'ae~s.de\l:~i,}:miinicla5,ponses de, 11iidtogem~. 1\ 'P'SiJr"tl!' dassa 1 p Ol1te a ~61 defiu.i,dEis: ,9.8 it] p.1r1Qp,riedsui,jES pru1tctillares da agud., QguR,
hI(ll~m;,1ht
d~
P op'ried.ade!8 da agua,
,e ,c:o.e'soo, Cl".ii.Hm:a:.:.oge ~d~~ h, ftl~±e,',8:&ya~,3Ci e.lristl~· qu~ en:Cf"e as moM,eiIta:s d.e· Ii,gna. mtn'.i.:'lend.o~a:s
.
part.e de eada :bJlbo ji~'ue wmxo ,dio :wv-el aa. Sgtlia" fOflliLando 'I1.m,Angulo. cl_e,!tr(j',!l 10(i\n1 '01 fmt~:Io,da 'b~m!L E:ro, qual dos 'tttM~ ~, ~~, ,mai'~, £lObe? N,fj de ,di~etr'O nli3J.~Of: On mlf.mJ(l~? E1r~tu~:. C1]'1lE-a.d:~':rm'ildo'que eada mAJ]eonla ,de se IU\ga eem qnl!l.~ ~utra'Eil'quando uma m,orec}lltL sa. desleea, t1I ,gtUpD' tl!Jth} £Ie :~~ A9 fm:~as de ,ade5M da llgU~ em l~lacM ,8 parede des 'ca;p:i1m~81: lee.,at de 0©esarJ; das .tuaM-etulaa· mEre sJ.1 9Jca:b:Htm Bt[pe:ra~o ,a p:lti'pna fll'fva Ida ,gTaJv:i.dade·,
'glIB.
1',.~'sd(i
est~do
,~bse:nra.~lo, e um mseto qUilltOO Se!ides1oea,rublilB um d d~~ QU. us (lon,~ G:e uma ,gotaJ, qJk\\9 eal da 't(jrulm,raJ~ConlQ ,~ p~i:~t?~t? Few1m.e[1os eomo sssa i!l&o ]JG~v:-el£ ,~, a. sJitaJ. te:~.iQ1 'SiI~;pe-1r6~ ~ ~:
Uuid"o e e$b~,"!icl. F,ato' q~,Lt':' resu]1!';a dla ra,~mdade(..'Om ~ :&aca~, :~:o.ga~as, P(~]l'tB~ que ~~ de ~-"d- .~.-UIiJ CI ,~s.f~· rem, ~ 9- ' ,.,,~~~~,~, -',- _!a: .~~-,--,-4fA, .11- _w,e. .... , ~e. __,__ '__ UtQ ~.c:iI'l~, AlJg,o a nasaa cmiflsict~ ,~ R
sen
'r~·-·-- ,-
xlle:[[~. AtiW~de· esta vital pSlilf,~ 'q,ua1qllet:" v:€:geta:l. ~n:IIE diswti:r' 'e cite~.t:obr.ir. IOU;~OS !C-l!:laD.lp']o~ em (FQie':at e~':fldla;~id~~' ' impmt~i!.1~~ e ,3:, S'fJ~v.e:n/t:eh i!'",ui';()e't's·a-r 'Em, fW1!l'9iC) dla n.~~1IJJ~Z~ bipoUW'i .a ~a C U1 tdfJS n'llclbo~~' so']"ve;nb~ ~oJlill:l{!~,~,tad.o, idlo ~l' ehamada ..soliv"0~ ·uOOwrsM.,
A 'Ii.eDdii:nc:r~~: s ;i~ a em Sie 'a.'lO_jIl'b~lt2il" ('Ow ,(01![),~ rleg.a;tivo,s lie" pO:~li&iVO~le ,$ifrt que, a d.\ljgpmri.,(!ao m
1~{dF
~m_a lutilidade' pni't[tfl dJC!1 fiI[lfi~1Joo;j."l de lcal~itllad~ 00 a~ '~JiJ.nsist~ ~ suhidl~ ,de:~de,~ IlR, 1'R1Z ,8Iita as fblhas d'@ uma ~rn ab."RvM dM l~[bos dio'
I~
ruamna
ql!l!:
pos_s~biU'ltanclJo
fOOci.ona
00I11A] m.tb,
II}
:Gln;re,
11i~ CDr}
do ~;wietfi,
I:en~M ,de: ¢oosiGI
s~
'~]_~Eltto~
~~,~
as ,fflo1ec~
dr, ,~
o .1n',~1tiQ' ·eng{)ildlll~d.o
aoontece?
pD:rq[ue is!:.
,P:or 'OU;tr~ ]Qilo,- SG' v,ooo ~lfLi1Jtlh~l" 8iQ1J'H d:VlrrV-,i.i!) m_~ mup;~ ficil)r~lflchti,c:~dla. f~r ijU@?' A!J moli@'cliJ ~~ U'ilil' itg,Lm.: ado:~"'~'m 'n~~,cilii]j!3 nte, ,sOme mol:BrJ)Jl~s pillat'es eonul' 1i)j_S da '!:,'QY:]l}~. fur~iI, d~ ,atra~'iQ d~ nu)lect.tlu: ,de ~~. "para. Omll" ,[rut-tat:: moh~1ruliItS IPO~ tCh':I;nDJtrj,~, adesH,o. ;:dbliclad~ liel~ a,~~ lSio ,dJ;n;g,ro.in ;W:9-s, ',oJ~~~!Il ,Co:mo: ailtb:oNila_~,~hid"'J~'il~~,,!aldmdo '::1!wft'l;'to. : , !fbSfarto- At1il81N: .t\W- ·f!liio· ':a'p~~trt~m afi~:idad~ 'WJ ~ K,~ ,~gl!.Hl.;, YG ]jH~1irul@,· a, ~ S,~;[), it!h O'Jj,U]J,l cl: 0 ~ ~pflmj~tC'<.~ ~:p-oL~e:3,., 0'0;]110 109 'lipidiQ~.. ,DiIGl~c;JJ1'a9 Mm g,['a::n de q'lil18!.rr~[(];a.djp d,e' grnp~n'li~U'L~ pO:]."D.\2I9i' sao ~1:oVleis ie'rn,a:g\1a e~ p(tl.~
j I~
'I.~
"'l':l;di)'S.
OS:
~4nsliQwl'lin~. ~ :l1ii.. . 0' que, ,~to:nteoe qrr~dD 'voe~ COll~lC:~ :paueD 'ttm .1._ N°' $"ii1l' ..iI~6,1'IT'!I ? £11 ~ ~.~ .s.; 1U!e CJ:",lSta:m IUe' .. ' 'H'LiJi num :p@rliCID' ii, ~ .... 0.1 ~ :ru~ WB' ~nha ,~ rl]s50J:Vid~ f.aci1n].ente; ~1'q.u.e ,S]. ail'·H!;cao ~eNid:a' pelo, ~,p6I~ '&1 8gua ~~mais !WLl'teque ,SIJ;: !~'c~n ,~le\tl"os6:ii~~a e:[[~"e w; i,ems el ,IE! Na'~ Come jii_ 'vl'mJ)g: o~ COOlpO-stOS l~_Qj res 'sao a hi(bi1:Jl6Iii_CD~ ~~ ti31 al#o];am~\; h!idJiofoldG;us. E~ta ~~I~l-1i!ietbH:le,vl:taj, ae iQO:f].~ide,t.a!Eums, que ~, 'tooos o~ f:'ie'agen15_es, q~cos ,exishMm~ ruo blterl'Olf Ole. m[~.a ~-eillJl~Iill'a;s d~ari.dOO~ 'm~ a~, ~: 1~,i£a.'9,~. ~~!P.~ l,.jQqllifu'Jj~~ ,oc~'m, ,~. 'P1,f;},10 1$qnlMb~", ,C'tQl'u~jd._ere~'que ,:i 11illd.I~obia. tamham, e lN1'POrmsunte,,, Qu:tmdo mn~,ecu18s 'biidr-m6mca:s, ,sao comprimidas ~Dir nm~!oonll:as Idle :':8JguS!, d,evida. 8. 81l@J, :r;ep~ ,pf:~b_ilS :W1~i ,~utl: as, m.tern.I~.e~
_;!I , •
x I ,~i~~
'bidr.~Ji6b~CM" m,antendo~as
b.~,Ca.~"a,
e:~.ad~
~~~'.
ripiltina
das m.embra~s
,e 'r1i t],llLe
0 ,~,plo
ifl~E;
eelulares ..
.. 'po!'"
]Q~_,
,3j,
DB
i~ai]t eb..:JLmatias, -hi.droiilict:fts:~aq,~ekts\~ ,all 0D:D.l~,ar~fi~, r ~f1m, po:u.cu~ (l,ll ~:m. ,gIllP3.tiL'b!!Mlt0'9 JlO~are~ ~.ri,fJI i])~(J,I,ii:v~j fifll ~gua.. ~-Qg~)~ s 'hldrof.6b:iJcae!",
,4.,R:e~'\k'5 q",;;i:mreas
,deaidw'-~L"i!;~op'OJl'~~~~p'~o", q_~'lP&Q; dmis aIPiW100cido8 ( ~; ]]gam_" fig:a~;ao 1lJeptidjca~ W a pc:rd~ d'c' ']l;lma t[ir(j~lilC1ul~d.c igt~:~)~ ~a, 11~,]I~ 011,[;'Ieligna. d.ii,,3_gLm. ~'e:~,iir,.af3:nd,[) q,ue!1br-Iitl" Uga~h q,W'm.i'ea. ,m} a ,[po,r :i~oo~ cbam:adas, '~3J{!@M de b]diFdlis.e (8. id..igesf{tQ' ~ U.rH 'e;:!i:J€:~mplo de, bid:n::l)1iseJ"
As ::r~fi!le~ de l:l~aus_e tlt';rul:meem, ~
mi., r nl~ESenela. ~
,S'. Ca.pli'lar,idade,
Ca,p]]mid~difi'
..:ii
J_ U.e~ 'L~.~ ,em '~~QS ffiL),u'Di
i,["'.
p.fW'
e 's eELp~k:lade
mw.'to
•-
J!!UJL0:5.
;11:~
.mf_'~llL :~]
Fa'9m, tn~ CX'!')~imtti~~ ,c.o;IQ[[l1~ ,~p~UOc1l:lL1H n tH~' tm:il~ itra~~,'d~ fG.mlM "
mooI] , "mJs
~r[gj~Ui1'iL1t8
,~.
e_stntt~s,
,i\s I.'e;~iJ~ Rf)iD-q'Ll:lmi[e~ ner'3~ em ~!;iI[rtos .i11L'terv,a]os' d;e- oc'mpc;atfl:.,uura O(nnc[jj, a ,agua,. m:ant,~"
ltu.m.~Si'
'~!lJr:rutUF,a ~.
sua mmp~~'I.'tt.tl'"'a, ~18t~l1b:i' pryr: mais ~mp~~ d.o qtle .as outras, suh~t~,cias~ el" ah~am:t~din,dlo -b~~~
'V:flrrla~~ de
teli:'rrp.e'ra~t111'a 1'iI..es
~~tem,a~
V~Vt1S,.
da,
·D' • _ :eirlitl:naJ,
12%
1IP,~ ,~, J;-omr;pe:l" :I;ml ,rn]m~'rtl ~tdicien,1t.e,id~ 'P~!rlJ.reB; de 'b:idrQ~nio e,nu:e :~, mol~Ul~.a, ,El.e ,~. (a:p:Fe[Se"m.tsm ~1l$.fii!~ .f9~~ d.e ~oe~;lO) que ,peID.ciI~.[1, ul[na lIib~-.r'dMe:u~lai'l;JIr de' :m,D1fiElfle[~tI!a,~Si,o
de !ifi!.l.aa, rn;olecub:il ~ ,[m ~
~cjM.'~
d'e
~ue
00,
'l:etlb,al, energiil,
~ ,nee~,
1~} lLax,~' ftgns. ~ 'i[],'V~ mlOn.'~ 'Pf~,pm"~i{iI[lal A M a idilde., !i:') ,A, taxa ,iLlie, apa V3:F.1a, ~utre as especie~:~ ..Ex,.: 10% dg, massa cn.rpar.:a[ 1iulttmlll, ~ ~98%nos: Cfild~r.i,t!~ e eIrl,tome ae"gO% nos mohrseos, d'} U'ma de9.irurtl'ta,~lb da ord.em .d'e JU] % ia, pride ,~~ ,[[a;ti:lt1 :p,ara 'fi1iifji, '~feit'-a :PQ(rr,g_'u,e 10El ]jm] te~ die ''!f.lBt~!ifE~atide 9gtlta nes o:rgmisn'to:s db
.m.lI~:to 18st!r,eiw;s,_
qu.e' a ~,
,a.pI.'~,t.l'lI!a,
21JtW
calor" eg;-p'e~fi(io.,
-,'
O'iJ.'tf.-a.,bQ(t:'iB'eqrufu],c18 il'll,pmitau'te do.,alto calor espt}~BtQ, dIa agna Ie a, ,!manLbtet'IJ";;.;ilt}~. :pu'r ~'~m,p:IJt1!I.
de:·
'Ill..itu.:a. be m per
at'hli:F::'~
a doe q ua clla
p::l:F::'~ 0 'l!"~P~]~'1
Uma de. :prmJLti:p.ru~ '::U1:ffi3.S. de Dln:rt:lHtla;too e:rnL p,~lRe·~, p,r.lbre;s, ~ a diarr,tM,a. ~:;:at3.m.e]l'te P():f:" 'p:ro:v~'U' .,g1"8:Ilile· ,~ema d:e '~,gu~~ .8~ln.e;n.'~ de v~.getjlis :e eBp~c:.Si S~lr'l\e]n_ ,m:ll~ d:esi,d1~a.t:"l¢io, mant~a;[} -,a];l!e~ 1U a .20ii% .de. li;gti.il~ ,n:u~lio ,p'el~ q:u~,l eJ.:;;peri:ttl;ell.tmn li:ll'n
l.fl.fakl.'1!i11.
1
6. Co1'o:r' de :~ap'Om~,oo
VO~~ j! perce ben ,~)q,uaro.tq L~a.fi,!:!lpir-a q t.1LaJ:nau
feDllm.e.oo cllamaoo 'vida larellte.. \b]tam ao nermal com 00 re~nm.o da ij:i~ponibmdaa.e h:Edrica ..
C'iI ~ '111.0'1:'"
Ii,
In:ati~a, e~po:rb~ It)U .,em. diaSl d,eci,($iaiatll,e11the mttiiOO qr~1l.enl~~',7' 0 Seu, cfio dB Umgua.. de ,fms. ~orl!10 :pdr.,OO Ou
1
£l!!!flts ,1.!r(ue,"ut~ O~, . ais ~rle.r',aI.i.s .estaI]1 dleeishrame:rnte, :~ese:ll't~ 08. mLi~ bif~~i:ii[mlJ£a celuu, •. dta
,fQ~~31~d~ .na
[,ama?
A ener~,a aiijo:rft1~.a nec~~!a'ni1 .p\~r~, ,im ~ap~ac.~ ,de uma ,iif1lID_gt'fu":lLQ:i.a· S& ~ ~1m- d:e
\'ar'pQ:ri:~3-r~.
esq~pJritk~M~
S~.oimll?orum'~S .P~~' a _r'e~~gao ~n,6ti,~ iti~l~riblt~;~~,~ ie:L~iea, -('cld,p ·e,n,tl!\e as .rB.'~~ d,a, membr:-ari3 plrumlj~;t,iCEtl, eqltiilib(t...i;r) ::1.,~id,o~b3se';, ati'Va~Wl de ,en2J.m.a.s ,I;: ,~hrrfiacM e~ful~U~3&
,"
I~
,P'JiilUl,~·UJ.I:Uu:L_ru,~,
ll.,,.
I~
~O:T'
.lmo]ecn:tu,
.~~
D~ lE]'JJarlE~~i!rI~. ~er,dmJJe[,~t.e l-e~fear-:$.ive~,; l~s du c en_oorub:Boos 11~, ma't1~ti3. viva !(li~OC:ii:adoa (fo,r:ma ilm.i~)' ~' ·':ilM 'm&.~~-cia:~ (c;~tM~:mIJ, I]Ii!I ~fln1.PQr:tdlo
,~rgAlrdiIL:as).· . .
agUJa
j,
,~f:"
if'll'
~
das ,gtrl?e:f~.cieg II!!'.UU_,asL'YtI!3.Ui ~';£lI'1:;:ti ti!,nl,flOUC3'bfj", ',". -II, . ,_ ",..d'?" , .~ ",~,_ ,. 'i"'li, '-4m18l;l\l1m'~,~~[l.ier::lli mp~[~.aJ1!:~' 'si'& ,I\e:li.lIn31:rn_ E!U!If'
.
..aJ :m!fii~'~ e3'Ulio rr;li'~oiiad[!~ na Itt,g:~·'emrj ,:soIw~ ; ~~s m'!;.ra e ex;~r~~1.m.~. O~ .p~nd.pai~ ,~~~
'lliI.IL;I~:~, 'S.tali}~ .!,~Ia ' ~ I!L,
.::1.
1l'!.:r
:1.S9I.o~
tI
$i[HYF
OOOl.RlSle
J!:l"lJj]],
..;]I'
'(!l,[J;9'-
Plf1lll,ClliH31.ll..S
.!iU]~
~\iirO:
-+
iT""'"
! .. '
,e ,NO~"' .. "
H
mecanismos
,~p-e~flj$
ffl'-, ... _
da M8~:§t
.,
,l.;\.~' fOl'Ule:ntra~e9'
,.I[~a,
".I""" ~'
A ,~a
f3JMreS~
"~Q)
"",
,Ilfi
~F~.~OI'
~ ..... '!;...J _
arg'_IB'lt.lOS'
aumentar at (!O;Oce~l~~'\a,~~, d,(]s, ]J!t+:ce..9ID1,(i ,m~,mote.r.io!" tilla om,ul~ 'eJa ga.u1.t.3i .~~: .s,e w.minub:;
OHtnn1ico
a, ~~
bnp.orta.nt~
,
"_'
p. UQ.
:1ilI
.K+
C:- ~stfl
de mn tsci,dO
S'!ila'
I~
'~uameta\6Ii.~c~
cl];]'\BtS:=
~da U,po [de ,~~lr.tla rJU lesL-m't1.1:m ha, ltD],: ,pl'T [d~ ,r-tau ·~~IJJ:d.Q lO't1$!dvM g'1l'8.n:d.e::t v:a:ciaJt:~es.
ICons,tltuintes Or:giiDnii:eos
da mlflJwrla'viva ':aru preae.D~a de n.l~roJl101e·c;n]Bt~ . nl_Q,]~~llilLaa de :ru,l;o ~ftSf:.l' mcleeul ~b",},. E'8l8~5 mo[deu~ as s;fio ,pollln@:~~os, IcollStftmoos ,p~l"l.lIrjtidad.es, bSfsje:aa die Hl€1110r 'Peso,
·'LJ'ma ~S'
tm;,p;uJwristj~
O~'-
~,
m.aiol·
F1:Elifa-o B[Jdi(~
c!l)W)Liu.\fit) do
impulao, 'n~w,o~{)1.
ffi'ttnleelw:at~
~er detini'lL1o:~
l~uimictllJi]]!!1lte,
IOOIno
u:!fj,]jjdrrndn1,d~'ldo8' ou 'll01ii~~ce'ron!aS.
,corbei cl ra t 0 ai ,~t[ 0 . CII;JIn gil i1~UI,fd 015 basi1cain.en~ :po:[' CM'bQJl,O (CHi Jf:kllr,(Jg~ig ~,H) e oxig£nio (0),' Em ~]gU:DS glicidjM~ ~mn deSSC$ e.1~men'Ws." p-ode .]m,wr' 'tacmbern mtW:1oga'11i'Ol ~N·~ e;
IO.:s:
C'(rut'iS;t;t1.tlt~~~j}. ,iEl:e
- d'Q!'AT.P~·
[E'1i.'l!leleottd,~.& e
diH' C&lbboPb~ llgadCJ5 a mm~s; hidr.,tJIrilas (OE _' fun!~~,~lL"ilQl ) e·W om, ~~,W ;rudeidrQl (,eBOi) ou; ,[IJ mn ,gl'lIl:p[[meni;1Ji estona (eCH. N 3!+, moleculas, gU,cldi~~'I para l~.;aa !bU[];D de carbone ,hE3. dois atGmos ds ik~]dhr"('jgi111Q '([i' urn ~"tQ'mo' d-e'o~i~ItlirCl\, nil Dl~~ma ~tn"OPf[(rQ9:o da mnMcuJ.a, de
'~ ~&J\le]eto
,~~l:
i,~"di~ a~_;~~~n'ta
iCl'rIJ3>8ifica~Q
lOS: .eDJ"bo:id'ifBtolf G~O' c'llll:ssifieBdos «m,
,.i~~~ !~.~~
,.,,","'~Pn1n_;,",,,'''';.
~~:-,~~'~.~J~~
Sfnt~
d.e h~-Ijig'lribrn~~
em
'iE!!f!J z]m~~
'f.H"e82[j,'Jte
1...MW!ll,"a~os
meis sinlpl'B~, q;ne ['JJio aQllfeu.[ blil~ime" ApreseD:~!."'[ll, die 'fu~~, ,3 ~e'~e
05 ;fJj~m:e5
,SaJQ
fd:t'm~ ger,al ~ICHZOm.,' GrmCIJe ~t ~]'~po(l:td.e' at} :num~Jl:Io.de '.'oon]_(~8' de C'al~bm10:11~ (taaeia". Assim: n
:=::::
,!it.;ooE08
dle ,ca-lt.OIfl'!D UK
3
sua 'con~t~tm~~o.
T~m 00000
enz1mliti:'!Wl.
n
V~tamaoa B12~'pro d1lJ:.Qa.e, ,de-he~e~",
4
16,
n :- 0
n=
'I]
c=1i:J;FJ.O'.-, ,0""''"'.,11;1'
IJ!
P~f:'1't-OSM
f'C6H120'6)
~ I-h$;ose~'
:=
.os :t:;M. ~:s. Pe!l1ltoslE!:.S ~ribosee' tJes:axirrl\1oge,b, e.as :bex.ose~,,( :gilji~fiSie, ,g3ia:c:Ua'~e e :1Jni.OO~e).
t~m papal ,(iiLuumnle.ntalmEn'rlte, eD,er~t[eo .e ~r'l?em 100(0],0 :m,o;I],~}:mt1'n:'O',~ (u,'lCli~:~,~;e'~ d,~ fd'Fm;~,~aoJ cEG' IC3JJI'lilJJ,ma'Ws i:ll1riS, eompielXLQS. H~:~'D8es;:
as
hexoses
,2J.I
mj'~
n-"T~I,
"'_-¥!l\"'_11
as,
Ii
SaC'.afi\o.se; i9rmacht -por 11.p1.Sl, m!ljecuJ:a de glJif':~~~ uma di~,~' fii1'1l;Jtt.o~~_, E~i()I:n,c{]:ntf;~d;!li 'J]~,
I~
1OI.~_~.il!"l-"
tl,~~lULIJ,~
Cli~oo' vaDifil ,crutra 70 a ID~} pm' mg k Oi}lnl desangne, E l[j ~"ii:CEt.lt ~lc'o:~dn Jl:aJ. udna lIUmiW~ I~'ne gH~oorl:ria.. /t, fruto.s~·~ encr£ak£ililtl de fO§.l'mil,~tllJ WjS fmtos e'm..mbehll 1:10 m,eL Ees~,;i~q_ b;idroHse ella. da ,saC1lliro~. L:tIiod® soc' 'b'mlBfm:Tn~cla em ,g]ino~j no ~n ',~ no mte~t:iTI;o, para! OSBlm, :;er 'utiJl]z~da
it
~aCst]'08e!maltose e
,",11~ t'4.Ju
rC.ID);a,
P~~.'{iROd.I!a
_On
.l:.!.~
de
ICBI1i:iJ.U1raL
'r
,.] ,
mist7u::r.~,bruta '
,aJl}.UCHU'"
de
p011}Ule
]Jl~
-~-.._..Ji,..,-_ ,.
lev;o.~'
','
-(l
::!!II. ~ - ..:ii",- :1 ' ·'°31 :. - ~. ~., I ...... ~ _,~. _(~~i[~~!.!( 'I,_~_ ' p:!De'i/l~
'~sim
'fntt,~ ~O'd.twd~
8
,de
'. Lae'Cos~:
p!;!lo
A g;$,~-tos~ e"~"U; dos DQn sti ll.in'~s, do Jel:te. :R.eS1L1U~, da 11id:r6]iiS~ d:~, l~t~!Se:, 'Pod e eer
·m~ll[U.lri'R
Inr.gnDi~:
\t'iiMlJij~ta dlfl, BI.Jtl8@mtWio dla 'U~ :m,Q1Jew~, de· ,gli'CQ~' e uma de: ~a],~dos~.
'CD\Ust!l:tw,-~'no a~d.ear
do leim',,:
'met~lmli!l~'oo. 'SU~ _"'lnrtC'8@ !~.H'lT· ria; glJin~h~l~, 'P~IlI: fulf'DIlRl' Q "Iacto~~ I~w' mE3i,~'. 00 Estal ~~~1d~s nos igft~~oU:pi'deo~: - g_u'lDiJ]jf,O"tejbIliIl.B. e hntoslW; Au ribose ,~ '0 gliQcl~o p:l1t~llte na i!t1"ID1~:a d,~ B'N ~ om, o!J~]lzianR8!~ fl~mo !IJ. ~, NAD~ NA]JIP ~ "1~~pEot:efm9iS: :EIi, . ij de~oxDrJtibGll~ D~ nlQl~ell1l1da de DNA~
b'anm:~""]]1ad~ em ,~iOO8@'
rig
~,a~
p~m :s~
t "=ij,4J
oj
~,
,gliilco~~i
OR
">. ..~o
11~ ~
oJi~2
!~t1-,~
0-'·-0,0'
~.
C~,:H H -,,...,
:3i~J
r
fit~ilo~e.
'I
0' ',11,'1'
•• ,~.
r
'.J" nfl"QJ[a (:;.
,f:l![l_
DiB,
~~~i!C]:o[!;e
.. ODOH.
S~~osc
4~
1I-0-0U'
.j: 6
011
.. -lli: C2I
'n' ,I.~.!.
-Ie -
u.
OIl g,;ahurtois:e, Laet'ose
O'H' ':::
2., O]j,ftOiS~aea:ri'a~s nesu1:,~~~m d:R nn L§. (I d e l~!l) 1il,e0 So monos~iicmi'diiUl8' t:~H~e d,e~,11nirlMe.S}" 2Ltliav~s d,.e
-,~ig.a~goo~, gliC{l~ldi~s,
3\. ~olis_carideofil
d.oJ.5 n1oillrisMcarkKeo~'~ i~m
:ffill'tll:W;E!I., ~r.:illl .. CI1lfl']~O)
'3
tte&ulm'lllWs
que
OB u:aJl1ii1s 'iUnportant~~
dla l.lJi1iicule'
Hin
![\S
~~8.11dealSi'
~;ijl~
m ~peE'M
,Assim.,
m.illeeULas. f[inlacrnmj}l~as
a:fu.~OOOO} ..
_l"JqWne'm~r
Of!l diS:SBIC8lfll1d'iOOR
n-1
Os; d~~d,a{ti,s
nw~,"i'm,portc_'":Ln'~s do:
I~
a htetose. " iliW:ti!li'!fU;:=;, f,OiI"lI;l~d~ po~ duas 'molM~DL]a9 de g]]e.oae;, ,:H;~.c8ll.' do rnslt:e e ,d~ee.rea.lsi .em
~llinfi!.'!f.~o~
1J:"\iZ!~n::m das
ile
'fefj,!§Jo1,'b.i,golf milhOi; c~wes _, ba.,tat.mha.;, ralses (lIlaJiCRWCJJJ ba:u;a1tac~w.ce~, ,0 9..lI:ir!cido 1i9:t~aA e. In.ao~,'u1ve'lem, ,algna:. e, IMID ,8, sC'JIIU~Md,~indD~ d81.um.a:.
10011" ~!'JIl.t
g[[c~l0%!8'. amid.o; 1Er: ,[I prodUOOI de' ®"~-s:, v@g;et~ltU~s' e-mantes, _ ',m:rOii~ (8
0 giil;ogmir;)
~!
H ,9~~tfu'tcIa
d,~ :tteBery,!3L
,IT
,.::11,=
~s'
aDmIi,8ii~,
'
'I'"
d.l1l!!!,
:fun,~s"'
'!;:~1':ifil,e~plli[..II..tlle;p:l!.t::t. .Ltg"IIil:n}. ,e
"'ib,
~....
i!?-
,.:'I,
:m!~J:u;~~,
Y;
,.,:j
!E:'
.
a
eelula se .(-poli:fumel'{~
~n.1l11a.s..
'Ga,hl,O
~~ttel_e;Li;coSr
g,~!O
gllll.tJJie),
p'8];'~kip~ dA
imp;!]!.r.-t:ll.'l:t-:e f~~~a_tj, ea. ,1]1:~a, '~'l:f.El·d:.9J, ddreta'i na e' .'!t q[W·. ina, lim, 110,]j~alcarid~o Jl.it'Il~:e'ili,j§L~:O' (con}
U~3 n1t~~.Q
¢,xoei::lqwilew: ~f,tl~gpS.
na
PaJ:"kicipa:m, da ronrd.eEi;a~~tl
~pa:raQS
..·. · AULA
"."
.'
-.
N2" '06-'
.. "';' 1 -'
.."
,"
LIPiDIO'S
Os .lip,icllias ~ ,i\ilt: eel,
,Aciall~ g.f3XM
t'
e
~,
~
.~
U-fJ'-O
~_j~-n
:n.
II
,1i.II
:E~
I),
II
1I:.ll
:F.D
1.11, II ..
I I I I I f ~. I I I I I I I ~ -"
n~,H.
,Iii:
.n .n n
,1iII :E~
n, u u:
.Ii
:F.D
eadeta ]Qf.ig'i& :E~u ga'rd~ natm'ais~ llS ~:~~9 pMOS;·'~e1n. urn nllnl,.e_I,Xj!' :P'"ar" ,de a'tOtiLlrJ.&d'l'tl, e:u'b6~lO e·
~~n ,:'4ciclo.&1!~'~'~M
Ide
To.... :1)'4mi~io
.d;IJi
insatWada (£<OID, uma OU,mai .. ~,·liga~es' ~:ll1:pI~al. o prin,clp~ll3J.crro'~,C),i.l!:' 'erucr-a n,a;, ,C~ils~:~m~tru:a, Mf4 hlJp~"diM ~ 0 glLeeMt
~ uJ-ou 0 ll~~uu~mKUI~~~UP
~I
!;II
ou
~I! . '-O:ID' .
1
II
2..IC,e:rid.'oo,s (OeI"ia:s)
U U. .llI:-
)1
!I! I
U .BI.
)1
're~
.1'"()'1.
r~1:o.nn3J1r.ue{E1~!1!:aJ~lJlde origem !
lil1lt ee:~a!t animals ,( '3. ~
• " • ""
= .•
:Ht)~]
Wfe·mii.'iJel
.•
menr,
de .:meTh.a., Cel."IT'L'
,~geW~.'po;;,
n'u .g]ioo-
j.!.,Q
~---o:
II' II !I]~~ml
a) S"jD,ll~es,~ :mm,iul?id.oS
a:ln~OM FlO.']:"'it"
]~ '~','0,.
e ~.gFi-
O:I~ifj,-.so:ig .. 11,erlv.ado9 ,~, a.ciclns ,gr..aX.Q9, il1 ,,"' $iaLlt'nE~M e Uquiclus ~ 't~jnrpr:l'3:tltl'a ambien.t$'..NOrm,~weirr~' diB M:g'em 'o]i~
..
va, aoja
j,
3]]].eJ[ljniit[!I.~, .millli(J,~
'~eg~~
.ge,rn.i~cmao Q ~djW.;,eTI1, 0 ~~~~.SfO; d,e ~'].e9:~rnl ~ a1,talI1,e:n,t~ .pteJufih;;iM .lXl'nrU,e ptiiGte ,~e,
,~.H~Ol]1J,~~· ,M :~::Iieill511;
]l1I.L.eA':lig:ad.o~t Egail,os ~fiS',~'&m'Il'a.'QS d.e, ca-rl:il@uo ,e' hidro~'l'ilo., 0 !:Q[e;s.te~.fJ1I ~ um qio;s; ]1i1lind:pais e~~~,!6i~ (:lli,fihedrllns. Pm.t]dp3 da~'ymenl'fut.!3l.n,as: .ceJ:u1.(dL~ de c~."iJ1aa ~mnll:~J~, e [1'.00= IE fi!!1!lI~)r.' [~:lQ9, btlt,-m&mfl~' £Eb"'f~, .]:11,' ,e:~[)n't~ad1o ii" ,,'i]:. lmal ~m a~1tD.entas, l..1e o:ngerm ,3wmaJ, _ja ~u.e oel'Ve"$. .•
.A:p~Setl~ttull.;se f(O~~
cia &S"So!l:'l~liliil)s: .tis go,rduras(~.,: ~i~Qrt!i;aJ~ 'eidJog "bUi.~s~ ]l.o:tnl~!lilios ad'w;;e:ntI~rt~c3i~ e' sexnais, vitooirii:la. JI[)"~ lL]~S a.l'caJ~~rlBSi) ..
"piil1:' qmItl,1}
an;m
.pa:r:ede :mte~a-
.~:1.'l~M~cl)!;l
,e.a1dw,ectttil.'e;I'iI:~.~ e
d~s'~~os .~]~~
.
Ijlrejft~d1=
t:~ji'll~,e-
~o..'Scl.l9[rQ9£I'.
• IGO.Fd.Ur-~
,~le,riv:ad~s de :aci:dW. ,gra. = .X:,os; ·sa.t'"iLlTac]cg· e' s~li:,da~ te-m,pera~... ,~. t.IL1~,a am'~l2]:lJte_ 1M!. ,got,tlu:r.,~,s:lQ.p.ri1'tdpWmen'~ dl.e. Q.ngem :1D.imal fhauha. E1iellG~ m:aml:~:ig~). .Algun'lJ:llll .gl1:TdEIra~ v:egeta.:j!S~ 'man~ga Ide
,~,O
~.rn LIJ
'Didln ~nn:uiiln,
-iil~"i"~li!l:~rt':liliiii~:~t:J
,or ~'.
Q'
,ca{:;fu;U e gOI'i~:qm
dEl'
J)OCI)"
.&
:mA~af3
~b~~'~1
.. "'_:."
~"EI.
D~
C
T... lOB
n'R
·il~ ""ljJ -
:~rl'.jfifimm;ente.
!ll:!I!, ' .' '.' .~·~tE\llIl1l1lll1il, 10' ]Em. ·h:~jln!§o:Ire:n'li'.ilil)9
'.
.,
. , .'
F\lRIItii~1iit~lL'IUUII
10
"
as
Alltb,~!I!!~,"Il:[ll!.!'
~~i:1bill:~ 'Leml.iOOs"
.id'
eQln'p~exos. - apl"esenUtU:i outl."Os: gnJ])QS a]"em. d.e. i3:~id,[)S .gg~~XU~, -'~l~~)Ol .. 19K. ~ ~olipn:p~l. ',e '~m8B~ ,gtlCQ:~tpid.ieo~~OO~:"ebro8l]idloos - a,cidoB g,ra.xo.s com ~~ri)O~dlrntQS1ro['J[~~nt1]o I~tm,gi3·' T .nio, maa _t1::m.nfo;staOOJ)~. ,fOsfoUpftler:l\9l (Mnt~m, '!11Dl ~sidu,(D, de kwo ~~bs;!:Orico! iiRB!?,s ,tlfiitro,ge=
,b},gr:edh~nt~:s'E'FJol;g~ os ,i.ngT,edlentea :siit:! as p'.ro1'eW$lH., Vej iaL, q~tl!.e' ls, mfo:rm,~~"6B\i eTI.;@J.iras; nada . g mais @llf.io de que r-eeei:tss ,p.~, que as ,ce.lu.ta9; ,8, ,partir' das mesmas, p~od1;l:'2:am pmtei:Elas. l1Qg'O~ ~)pdtil,:;; W:S -~::ul~sa~ ca:f.a~t~riJtlt:as ~~ .dA$v'e'm as
f1rotef~a:s q1il.e, 'produ.:r:i'm.'Ii}:S1
$Dm,()S @ l~;ue si,r_) as ]lO~~.~ p'M~b~. D 6$" ,~, ;S~1~; vhro~... . nada rh~'iis,,.
llor-vos91.
,. S~J
'fula~ P~p~'11 bll,oto,glco: 'pllncipa l~oO'1:I\PO[>1Sn:b3 das 'fileimbr.~H$. e~ltll~1"~s., ~.'~ ~6..~.i ~l~a ~W:!smdH CJl~8littoola.d,e, n.'~ ofu:ebro e: 'recidm
1ti;~d_a.5,e (Tj~~'O$f
~Bio~il~U:pt~_
G~d:.a, UJm de
do,
(p1~ ~
"hopflXeldad,e5' ,d~s;li.pid;ilD$ dos ~1prdiO'S ~a.tJ,':Ri]lolaJ]·e~} '~llrloom1t,O,.a mol~-, Cl!.J1bt dfj clglJlil e '~O_U)-!E ~o~1.;lv~js B."IIlm sohr,sn-,
loo"ltlple'~J}. tDtmoo a.l!Il.im:o:sil:ailltt.~iYe1. ,No:;l!$@ ,~i.ii,<b~rh p at im~o"]o,gkQ~ 'por ~l'o. 'fIl.n.ciJtrntiJ, para d~tG~hg" e' m;utilizar qU!a]qu~r ·]1'l·,~ti2:in@l; ~'~nh~ ~o Jl1Q8S'() ioomple:Ku pro,t~ico~
,~'oAcmo!s
:~fa!,'"\am]:na(Ltm:A ].ig,~~~J ~l1tif\~ do:i;s a.:rnlli'O@lciJCM~ ~, ehamada d;~ lig3{fao ~pe;ptld:i~.. 'IDd~8' 05 seres vlVQ6' i3s'{ii1 ,em"s,etanza.d.os, ~,r
auas
Q Wn:d,r:$LIil-e]:r~e fif~o.
,~,ddu~ car.bO'xUf~rJs'
tes "Org-an:iJ~o-:.
al~oD;
!Ii
cltJ~Jf6J:,~.~~o, etai\
!3~[Ji
·'1Un.tl!Jaso8 ~o·
ta,w;
e' =tlJCOr~;l~;
.. !tle'mmn,
,2;0"
I~ti.daile.
:p~,€J~ewas~ t~Q
li
8;f1pa:mfi,ea~o - fa.z,~ndlD :ruWlllitse de U11tThR gord1Jwa eem ura a.l~li hi pro~:1u~fl{:!l gHde
fler-nJ.,e sais alealines
af~,9aeides
'a nH n Q c~,d,o',s I p,ol::r'e :m,~ ,Stpe'pa s ,iEiCmil:l{~llOOe],d!oo forn'tEIJm as. ~(j::ot.emaa~ alanina,
,3.r:giliLin:3!.!
'I
~.o.
~:abij6lS. 0' sabaQ' tim.pa ]fO\[ eante, Pode:mos: re'S"U'Dlri:Jr ,alB, fuu'9:f'ic's ,dj,'Q,B U.'pidlos~,enn !I! es:tmro.1t-all - cDmp.oIII;iEill:t~· ~l~;~, rnembran ii!J~;' eelnlares ffW1~;O -p]utii:a)~ . iii enerp .iea, ~ ~i~ ri.care~~ e[[]er,~ti~a (kl" '~:ms' ~·iV(J'i. Atm.~.7~Tl\t'ii, r~, "d(Dbf\~ (rui1
e~,e(~,a. dos ~1~jj~}iWiat"g~ e IPt~t1:~m&@'!
!Ii
:~td.dl,o '~'i.:E(p,'rtiBO~. ,i3J,d,d:ill gl n[:EE:mi.€o , ci s;1!;e,:C.EI.a, c:i.:i,t ip a fe'rd.l al;!fi"l:1I.in:!lll,~ . gli. ci u'r,3i,
hl~0:1cln~ji.ltaJ1'
'~,
I'
reuema
•
'i~"='_
'tJr.ela,p
ill! a,
tiptman.(1)
1L~,""",.t~";;;;;,i"I
"l a.lin~!,
.A (U;!fef.IBn~SJ, ~nUe
de aRLfu:Ifila.cido~
parmc,uJ,~
.
JV]'~6miU< !OL1;]'U~Q'v]rn'ts !<lminOOCitdnsbi8ioos'i 'to-dos apl"G8l3Hb;m ~~I][ cemum um ,carn.ou<o oo'ntr,~~ i(~~to H :gll~~ onde. ,(I mdlCRll, e 1IJlliO] ,~Wnro de Hi HgIl!oo, a urn UU]mmeJnto amina - N'H~b m:Q.;tl!J
,8 (]. '!Jim
i~d1ca'l.
do mdi.ca1.
bai!Jiha de~nli-,·
,
I
•
1~"UjC)'$ 'mbn.flme:ro~ do iQS
Q~
It,.
"
:~lJ'1j:h::l~l~t]('] ~s-
,Sal~ bio:~]:ir.n~ros:
A1I ,p..t1t}1ieiil'Ulm
4rr1l'OiI:"lD.~[.!!es gen"e1i~~. 'OrU ~a! Cf3'm, 100l~~.e.~~1 ~,ll!e' elfiS. d~I:e:rm.inam I:lJ~ a.s oos.sa~, ca'i",SI:.~ten;r~t&ca9. M~i de 'qJi;li~e"m,n.ua? A, inf~~!':m~,o geo~tica. I~ $a[lle:~l.\e ,~.Te~~ita, a '~6sn P~Q 'P.:fi~~l,~~, 'Q.lI,J,;al~;~~~, Iy~~
oompoot[i~ ~~gi.iliCl)s mais abn'I1l~~, dIr!~'liiBtem.8.!!il vivos. Inclus!'ve, 5e ~~'{jee ,~rgl:i:Dtru" para. aJgtl.e.~:L,I), o~~Ij:vol_dag fi~SB'
:sao
,~
.UGA~A.ID .PEPTinTCA
~)"'fe-
trA'clant
aDlin.dlmcido. e
B1Il.infllll~W;D!
entre
0
'0
poo]].tld,-~o, - .
mn
'C(HU
~]J~anto
amina
dol 'Mitro
IC8!:d :p;oomf.]l~ ~
jl!.
m.Gsmo mimm:.o M:
;~a.
{'rea'~~
I~G'l" desi.clrat:Et~"~).
()"bs~e: ~i!t~. 0 l:l1;dnl_!,1~tO.d~ ]ig&l~o~~ D~,tidktJj~ d,t'!: um~ 'PI1J~tmIll]a0 igullJ ·~o TJiUme'J'O ~IDllioa,,!idd~ ,,~
'mm10S
,:tII.miD.Mcid:DB~ riWl,r~~iI:Il:'!n.,e.nte.:08 mssma ~q:[j]Mc-m! d" • :01:. .,;!, • q'!1l~' I::;' uma lliJ~·termUla¥-ilL~O genenea, .I:i'~~ Ga ·11 FH'tR" 11.'11 .~ •• ·.·.-,)LU ,t".lUJH _. 'I' _~=,- ,;r""'II' - .....j:~ ._. .icuR "-"JO 'UJy
i'i;
-em.,
u:.m
i.I._,Pfti1iIIi'ii, -!III~'"
(jJ~'tra:m~)tk~.d.~ ,p,rote:tina. !l;:~, e~t~, ae funy&o oomp~etam~n~~. mr{}rBl~OOS+ E~s, Q~;tU.roi9 [J(iJt:BJlml, .~OgQ·f~ce·i e ~~
a. troea
11!)!j. ~tHiKIUin~1
,exeJ:l:1P~,O' ,:3:.CW3.
·teriamo~
e·
lutHil!,
d~
·di,et~.~ .
L
ell]
~s
o@lui~Jl if}Q'T B![]~IU]!, trocar IJLm·mIDd.no~cl.d.o por Imlt~:tll~ wterMrl.o 8. .~~tl~nc~. Des~a fmma. ~ 'fu1Lil~a,O,
da P1,n.'tEJ:Q;i3J.:a1~"eii.·~d::1. pgd!e ~'aJl:j[~ ~eri a~ldD!l2'iQl;U.observe jJI' ax~em.plo.ahaixD:;
- .{.at)
..
DB
JJtM~a
.~ele9
pl!'OduzWos
g['U[·_·.gltTL.-·
giUi -
f.fileu:te na.nossa 81i.me:uta:~o: :~O!['· :r.tiiOO ge:rem ]J1lr:1~HllJlZld,os p~dGl m:-gam_snj~ lisiM" tri.p;bl'mc.. 1[lO~ .r~IlI.'ilalt'wrll]'3.;, 'b1~t'_'mii]<3Ji 'valina,' me1ifnti·M. ]eudrrrEt i!a i8ril'E!'U!em;Et .. par,:gj..a ~eM hu-·· 'mt~flja:'i.A. '_·¢:ILT'JrUll' 0 ~!~:t~lio 1[;~'Jr~m~p1lo~, alie S de
e p.rn1na~:;
'cllLhl
g]tl'~Llm]C~·~ .
j])b]n~'
]j~lHjta'n
_ (b ~ v~~11 his - l~eu. 'We' -I~rn v.8Il~ ~ lis ~ ]:i~.(t~ obin,:j ...~na~o'd).,
.. simpl,S!i!l ~
ifrilt!9
do. ~lmM.',,~d.,cido>. li!i1'tffiITliItaJ. g '1P!6]~ tt~ir.ia til.~, iLiltfii.'6trula. de bempghl]iiua r~~· ttJ~ IQl:.le' 111 b:~rmiJo~ tOU]I~ a lbml~' de 'll1l11;tal 'foice,
miliVld.i10 1Wtmf!!: import.ante' dL@eH!:~ai ICh.aml1df[ ~ne'm.ia. f~(Ji:Fo[j.ilIG OU. ·$.icle·~ paden_du,
fn~OeEm:dfli' Jlfi
S:.'semi.-~e:D~iais:. aqueles 'Pr~t'{:UZiid:o~ d~ 'fo~, .ma :fumu:ficiell~. 'pel-o orgmlls,rnIJ. ~m de·vum ooll~mr:dJa aHm~~:iJta~i3,JJ ~a~r~:~it'nima~ bi~tj.dinat.· -
·~·[]~hw~., fat~E.. S~
b'~
• ~
I~'~~;h.~~
~;IA!l-I~j"
UliII:!It!!I,
C!.... ""'.u.lJi.UlI1l!i~.
IC"_;illh..... --
..:lin...;i£0, ....
FEPTtlUEOS
'U:m peffi?tfd,eo eonsista em dois nu m,8iis ~·e5id:u:M, .chama-ss .ifJJSSirnl. qualqner ,amin.,(}.a;,e[do ,[loftB(..'"1:;mun,o :::t IjjUtrl.1 por 'W1:va Uga,~o"peJltid:ica:~ ,1E1i1:IDJ~,~ o ,g;t~]]an1..e:nIDfJ amfnien 'die tWII. ,~. 1~~oWfu~o: do ~::nl!t..:rla dIe ,amil'9:o:~;Ldos unidas 'fi!~ ligil9Qes pep-fid:h:a:~. Sel'JLdJa dlds· ,restldl'1ll0:!f, de· .8rnino:3rc]d!lls~, ,chi:'lm_:a:mJo~. m.. ~t[d£il{[' p Ate 10 ,arr!ii1.~,D,acidils; oli.g:6p epUd.·eLi,[.j,:: .q,a:1t'i,~~ r e·K .. : -~natis de· 1: 0 1 ,
1
~sta,
,1!iI,
P.~(l!te·:blU COl!'!
lestm,tm,a' seeundaria
t}U!.em'~;ru:L8.
:sib
Icliia·~d~:5 di;1 il!n":!;)l~jJlH8: h~SJ .u~~n'W_Dl ,1_lIL rearM loonlpfrlme:nw-lSJj'~, ID5!llo:'t que. IO':],!
IC{lUIf:!"1
poli:p¢·pti_doo~ .
]JilIU?
.e,xeJliL.plQ.~. a
!i}
cQl~Wl1lJ.o
PROTmfNA,
h, p.r--o·~ag~ ~8JO.po:li.rl,e1Jt~,dB~'S.('ei"H1't'~TI00, um n:Hhnem ~ariA~ I.FiMfiR.~_oacid.QBJ m:m p~m roD·L~8l'·.3 pa:rtb"' de 1600n 'DlilLi61, t1U menos 100
,35)%
do "1:.o:ml):
de
,::tmhlo~cicllnsL Ob~Vie· ~ue D.lLulms 110E'flllfwip Jlruf e· l~odu~ ~ pro,te:r.nas :~mple~ ,s~n poli\Vep·Hdeos.
E'STIlUTfJRA
.Dil .PR;OTEiNlt
.aj ~sb-liJ:!tIl'i".a,
Bl.
:p~a
U.lil~'8Li" dos
A. b,eEioo PQd,~ d!~h~ sC)br:e ~ mesma, IOO:nt:i ul11.dQ a esti;i.J:~, .t~;r.,c~·;bia. PN:rbif;na- C-(J"nl . r esb:1ltw-a t~l'ntmia 3,EjOcll.amla.,das· dtt 'P'Gteiup'u:;;, -.,' :globu.lM:'.es~Ii. ·eBnlll~l!J1"·a. 'tt:e:i':(l;liiria: ~ roantmla pm.' '~i~~~~s di~W6diCl8 .. ~~6i? ,~,@;Yi;ltIa1tV~" e 'P\lr:v1te~
I;, •• •
,5leqil:e:nt:ig,
113sidu:o's
d'6
1d_'i3'
hi~.nto.,
:U'iI.~(tt·
,globular., come, ptir ex;em plOi , .a ]:ren:iLo,,]nhw,f4,.a .~iogr]Qlili~ ,~ ,~i~figJ()I~. e ,~s [p~Q.t;einiil!S das meIDbr~a~ eeluleres. ,€i) ~s~r:u:It'tU"a [ij1l.la~--nma. ,Resuj t3ll da u:m ~.fJ de v,iiia s cadl®'lias. Jfoilipeptfm~QS:,1assumindo uma tON'n1Hde ll_Gtivelo ..E 'f} oo~~<:JlOenma da uni~.o de es1::r1:ro1Jll"RE tm;>eimiB~; A']l~~(~[Qhin!i 6 :f!D'nn~.d:l,pc", Jq)l;t~tt."Q t~d€'ias 'fl'[}lifJ-G:ptJd-W;i)~' d~ tloi~ ~~'1lJ~i."1' Lipoa<1 tnl'id~\3 ,a.
:b.i!'luJ~~lII.0n.w, tiimioo, qu~ cQu;tem j)~JTQ.., q a ']M1Jj-iD~ .hon;nQmoJ @ 0 resultado da 'Ul1i]a.o,dG duas
unhas, biCiliS: e
f;l m~eljJto
'~cmb'amis ~~1l1~;
,r) '1"~iI
-
oom,o.1JI.en:t~.s dos:
.!Pr.iQ,~,m2L:;
um
Ja
,mdeias PQJt:r;mD'U£diC~6'm
:MW:Wt~
aJii~se:fit"lm.
,~~tl!l~m~ag,
d~ g,r-.I:l'I::1de ,~
niologi,CO
,seu ,e_stlldD (Jm' :s~m estnd.ur·315 'wui'to 1-~I1i"i~:N'O:tt1i1La1m~m_e., em, sala, 11l.8al~ para e:lq111Le81" a eS'it,m'tufiiIDj, de' 'UmJ8 JR1ote:fna- am :lit; de t;elefo:ne. -Reti~e' ,:5.0 da seu '~e.liSfmle e ,~Stiq1!le,'voce·tamll-Una! 0 f&~do ~beii-co:i,df31:11i~; e~t.rtJ.'tUL8. ~e"Cuncll.wi"~.,.r.~:ca ill ~hirui dlibtas e d~ L'lt.ttl :f,"~,mto-gloh:uJta.Y, .~ II est'Jr.U.It;UL~ ·h~i:ir.:l~, FmMmt!n]te. ~d.e, ~ numa eruxa. ~~ 6Stm~ttras ,~eri~U i1ttef:ljprli;ui~, .aJs.~m. ~~' o:b~·~. -Um~ e,s,b:l,ItlJj1'~ [~ltl3:t~~jl~.
'P't}~, i~'$~)'.'
q,il,Jiaten:tma' , a:l(f.[lO os 'mil~"O'tftbw{j~ e' 09' :mJi.c_r:o.Gb[me]].'t~~ e· v-A'r]~$ ~o:m:pl~]s ~J,d.n;ui.nc~)s"Q qll,lf:!!' :ai5:~·ul~Qi~:u:fI.~vejj' ..
OT,garuZBl!~§r~
lL"lle.n'lte mais ab1tm:d.an'oo dn plaLS_M8L. ~ .f,]\~!te Ifquida d[i ,saJ'1;g:L'le)onde mnfm-e m~md~de e. ,~.w_,gF,KJ.:[U~la;v'e.~ p:eL'!l]TlDeEislo. (lsmt(}'~ica:p'~:e.~;n,-·
bt:m,bdim e ~) ~'flWP_()oo
t"1'.i I')
reo.'~.:rc.: '.'
...i~L
I',~'
~F'~n©m'll1]~1 qUI' oQnsi~w '~'lli~ ;~llOO,t:a~fi~ (1;]. !oo:twu!"U.ra i3Sp~ci~d :i~ ~: :I#'mblm'~l.'l;'lHnp~ld·~ '~rl!Ja
~inJj;,tl1::fB, H~,icosl ' ~r.
s~runtl~ria,.
A. tle.~ma.'~ti.\'llr!Opp(le' (;le~["fi"lef;' por :ra1i~a" 'e &-10) ·IJU. ~qtnmi~os, 10, .ealor d.e!_S~1:&t]j]:m pluutin.as d,@ fmnlm .as
'm§M'Of51a'm~~:lh!is, de-mJ)t,~,r~In para ser ·~buJdada~. Q'~~J,~.(lo murr'e ~ .'~el!i1.~j- ,a~, e:l:1.tf'u,t.u...r~~ . ~[U,~te !'-~uhii.I!S ' mnite hlbt1:~s 8:ofrem -llmj de~Qnle G i l os pi~8qui~~~o~s'nio~ ~inlS:'~i~m -d~'tGcta·]~~.Com a d~g_e'O~~1 d ,. il'iO'vtls 'fix~tdf_o:~ :W:'] p~8!si,n!:'1 -pID~~~l~ !!l!i~t~SI ,0$ltn..i~U:r,.~~, il!.Wmmri ~ij~ 'Se'11Ido tl'IJ PQs"S!ivalr. assim, usar' "ballio JJ [loti;rncia]' do, rne,rosCi6pio e1~t[i3moo\o. O'hseJr."!.t'e'en~O,.3 i:[u1:rWj!f~ca~ :S:~ica:~ a biologbJJ. a
est:'lo :ilin'~im:m1_e':f.I.tfi 'rel~e~ltl\~d~s.
e:~ii'trrtlJ,b_tra,B
Cfl:i11{j
t:mJ],c!Il'6tlibuJos
pels. 'uw:nutetJlI!¢in da 'iio(I,'til.iSt.lli1.OleIDllarl, :razao pela qnSIJ nao se. pod.e ~xpor' ,at 111aGte:ria ~fVs ~ al.tBL3i, ·temp.ers.:tin1'as,. A&i proteirras :d,esDElLiur.·nu. 'e_IDl 'OO:nl,!i~l·a:Luras. I'ruItI~,' ~U e 4\~ C. CH1£1e~vel' pt'W. exeru.p'lo~, '0 'efe.tt6 dilli eaJ.o. ' durante a. .U"1.1tIlll':8 (f:IJJl
!~-[menro
iL,l1e¥emiV'eJ {,6_JJ agita.~,Q 'U1;!l.leC1USL'l." IC9J.1Jl.:sl8id~ ll'el,a ;:ru.tBL. $n1peta.tlI!1:.a rompe HE!lig:a~e6 1r'espo~varus
de· ,::dbm1rxma OB.ae.tu:o..lam. e :~ze-:rn um e-mmar~m1b:adQI d~~~clo a 'c·~~~do O1V'~ ·~id{j[ s6l~,daL'Jr,~,Q, .miO"{J faz d,~ :fn-r-:M,:ar. we~e:r.siveL Tei;;..nlCM~ ent;3:~ :fm.a~ daee~voJvidj~ 'Jlil,lfa 'pr.e:se"~, (-e.Jm~' :iaiJ, .fi1O:i ~.g
,~mllilDa., D:~.mte
d.e um
a d.e~nat-uraQ3j.o
,$.
m·riUit::ulISJ:E,
,~re''hiW"~~ de ;~n~.s.
1£.0=
~s~I~~n
w' slmpies
me::n:oo
~inW5,.
- .sao as
'pl"04l~!1~
fbr.~d_aiS
bli:i&~oo t~h~nl
IEfUe!
'Quimi,camElI'Le',
~a.m
f-el):nl£!:n:tam.,Q
0
dlnu.DIw.
.p:H
e' i1,~alWl':,a .
'b:) 'OOIn.plenLS
,~q-~_u~la:s :pa.,m a fs,biF.['Cll~:fi.Q; de d.eritraoos que OO_~'m' de 'am:ino~,eido'$ ~:l~:~tmn. ~Jut;JLa ,qneij09 ,e ingu:t'b~,
;c[jmj~du ..~
~:§Jf)
~.
'~ll'cmJH)'prnwh'lil a
=M
pig-,
£'ul'¥~'ODD: ft.)
'ib .... " I':
:CI)"'r'A.r.rrniJ'il!ID
,ra;.Y·,.l:,~·yHD'
:D!D¥1U"l'!vH ",'A;
~.: (!,'O~.r.iJ) ._ ,abThndfrutte, '~fliS, te.Ddoe~' ,earliliElJgeNS e iC!SSM, Co.ms.:re :riooiSftAJuci-~it pe]e e ao~ OSS,~S; q1l1e'l"s1tiLF.il;:fij ~ n.a altp"er£rei~ .d~, :p~!~e,
energ,ia. dre' ,a:tiv~;§,Q d~ um,olIJ.'ea_~ag,~'be'DldO! CChmO' ] IOO(fi;,\~~ije~ ,~ ,~;~n'rol de ·v"(~]o[:.id.ad!e,da :wesma. .Energil1, .de; RtiYa.~ e':9 enerpa _ .1mee~S~m;@L 'l,a.rEll q,lIl.e 'ilm:a. [·e,a).~R.ooctlrr a. Nei:s ~(:)i'~m:O,8l,
~;llHtit'lLIKl.o~ P,(jji" ,mv~o,
A $: ~:r.ii.'Z-~' .. ~ S ma b ~~'I~a~aJ ~S1,iu1"orje!l,. IC~~thl~_Ba:ril.fit 'ttJ;d:a. £t]~b:;ib!lMia q.tIle dirip'fnm :3i, ,eo
'0,
.:m.alo"Ofi1nle~IL1LThas, [~ICi~SJLkttl:ell,m
~:ll'!,8.. _r>e_13,gJ!1''eUl
e.xlgem
de ffi1tIHlH,
A ''V'e1oci_d~dl~ a roa~iaJ) 0n~rmati:c~", ~:rrtro.lde d d • ....1._ J:.,_n 'L..:V .. e-o.mu.a.a e~ ~,~iJ.u11:t.titll:menG\I:uLper POBS:~glld:ar q.ue as ,~Irltofi!'. imire~. aumenta ,ili rnedida que JI$!l~ ~ w:~.oes bioq:mmlcu ,aCm][~ml HI.'Wl. p.m:~I11.m;, de 'b~nl]Ji1lf'm,t~rn. tewperatm'a _ oom.pmveJ com .. : vida,. P\fif;' isso 8 .A, w!l,p~r~.'~ur,a.em ([U!e [:Ita, ij .ma~:dm(l, de . meB'mo nao '\11v.eU81n·Ci:!1I, Slew, ,8JB D'OOS~S ei1~maB. velocU]j.d.e da. ,itl~a~, '!M:1;zbt1@:iIj~, em h,U'I:rtb.an,cs, est a., _El~ sao F-Qclllr4'~ seb ~ ;~on~'rol~d~DiNA~J:§.. ,q-lU~~~ lel.lt_ F? .35 'e 40~ c. ]'l,~ I~rrutanto.; essa ratx.a. v<:aoo ,de, . ~ ,]Il~,]~ewas poo'!:eicas. A'Li~iil-ves du enzim3i!i d
"~J~~~ ,~,
n'N~~, cornanrllat trlM 0; ,metaJ:]oosm~ M~1!l'liH.., is,to 10 ,ge!E".ll6l~pfj ,e:-1i1p:re_~, rOl~m;;1i, de urn die'lli3tmit'titldtJ S'e' na
'~j
lda~ 'b:;acet.eri ~
ID'IIP;IJl;i~rJ]I}
dM
~itl'Z!I:w.~.
q:u;e vi vem, Wll .. :FOtf.\~ te'Ulba],~ qti~ '~e-:a:'~l·~:ztnl~s poow I~tim,ode t~tt'tP~:tat~li"fjI, c~o fi:c~, em jbo'n1Q ~'1~ c. A parM, .'d,e UD1&iL d.e~t.e.rmin:ad.;EI!, t:em_peratuffl 0'
gr,a:u de
,~gj.t~(:8.0 IllOJ~e.-tlhi[' ~~ 0011']],8."lMiQ
,['J~ll!:i3I
~2:n:US:IU{l.
Um
intenso
.3)'..Apoenz.iD~ ~
bffi-
tada ,Gn~ ~ um~' prot~lDi~, '(HI] ~eja~. ,ctm:~!I::tbn:dag '~lpe~ d:e alni~.q;ldOc$.
QU~
e'
i!JJD)St
8S _lig~e~' ~;g:t~lbiliZaJd!fill'9i~: da ,~~mm1t',~, espaelal d:as rnlZimy SE' rmnp~t111 pfifiWlCmdCi! Si1!:1l dieftl'D..a!:~tl'l·..a)[:ao~ ~.&im ',ilIJ ~etlooda:de da .~~Lt::.:ro, Q'i11lE:
eozimtliiEa
le~
b'li B-1" ----'.' - - ie' uma enzima coiQJl.\1g.~~)il, __ ..... _. "'-..:!l ,., __ (l_.ille'S~BlIII~ uu '~~:.a;tom~,~ !3'~.lfflJ,.a.pena'Sl 'Be I~ti_~er'1ig.ada ' ',8© radi!C~J, pl'OS'tet;iao ,cllmIlJatl15 eoetlzim~., ,MilCllioos hllJrmfl,ni,os ,~ a -rna.iOri~,da.~ ~_':lz.im,ar:a; f11Thclonam ,cn:w!O ooo.wdmas ,~~plica.niCillo.asl
,eai bruseamente,
~:1liI
'tarno de ~ ~ W C,
Na' mnoria,'
,~s
v,~~~
\t!l!1 oe;..
m,axltrU:l1
aim sua
ii1:lpo~t:l{tia
At~io'o~t..:~inulitiea
As
liulffiim, lbrum,
enz..lmffij, viaJjilizamt: :Eil
]!'~~a()'
bioq[.QJ~imi~I'
~n:iQ p{lytiQ]~'~
mesma,
Cl~m~,-:s'~
,/
ljj'i~,~r,m:tl1ru
fi[:m\V!JJr.1'~');U.'21~t~~,
es ~
]!l, + ,P'
o ~ub;itl:..a':t.Oef!i.cai.~~·'fiWll
'PJJol~l~ euz[matiea
B8S~
'e~Ht:.~ 0',6~ci(ln~n,to
C'o"mo h~
'~m:aD:~~~:pBmloo u 'mode1l.o ~
ROJ:!~
,e~pr;l~,eo alia.
d~ '~;:hff,ve:"red1ad'llr,aj~
qu~
do :p~_ 'Uada enzml9 :ap:reaemt8L usn 'pH eer,.e.clfi~o, 'UI.lIill ~noo' ,ottilJio ~na.e !Sl1la atSio ~, m4~, ,AJg!L:[mas~ P@]· exemrp:~~~ '~iI .:tttULaJm em mela ,:£trillD, iOitl.'tr,U, SQ,m.ellill:~ em m,eiQ' ~_ Fora,; dJe ~:Jl,] pH ei9pmtni!:lo ',~, iEl'11~ C3!l [Datum. Pars iB!i1dv,i~I,i5!l bs.iiitst" [~.e.w\Dim: mn ·tb]~nl,(!i; A ro;aiJoria; d~~ ~n~inla$ 'tam Seu: pi: ill trbinto
,~n ,~Wi1,
7 e ·8. M~, 1Il~~ ~o 'b;,ld~1 I~~mp.;~o~ ~tua 'fi~ ~Wnn~lgD~~ qrD~ entre ~o "'2,,0.
Io;)lr~,~'
a pe~il:ya:,
pUI'
Yf;!iIUrl. d~,
m~iJlF!U,
_ ? 'hdi100~dtqiR
llli
olifi'tO
do im~u,a.tQ
d.;a,
I~Om
re8,~3:ijl
,a,[u:u~:nlt2L
if}
~ Um,[E:'fi:'t
d a,
aJiiiMu.
Comsid.eJ.le 'q:&leca P~' de uma d.eWemfnad~, ('():Ili.teli1.t.;ra~!IQ dQ'. ~'tlbgl)rah"Q t.t.~s· ~, m(i.]~ttillH~ iE:fiil1~~milt~e~~ dcii:ipapLIV'Ei~ e~w,~ liD!C:u:&1atl~a\!, ,A,\\fe].arufiac].e, d~ a¢!o des vend~daFe.s de uma lqja aumenta eifrrt~, d"JJ.egada:'dos c:o:-mpr,:BJ,ttor-ea,. 'oo,:o.d.o como lfuni,I;e' 0 memento rem q,ue wdros os '~rnded'~r~~ es,~'i~m, (D!!JDJli3ldu~. .,A :pa..rt:1],' dall :£(9
~a.n.'oo ~ni7 (ur ~ .wtl~~'rotao d:o '~[gtr~:1ro :m.e:oor :st!ci .fIl, ~~~ diD ,:bnibi,ooil"_ ,L.o,~~ a:ml:~ Jilil~ mm~btt~a depm_d.e- d.~ if:\~,Lal~o. eDJW a. CO:[lce:·lil.'fur.a~ao de :~[,1cl!bidJll" e jI d.o ~ulMjtta'w., ]11) ,imilhi'~o, n;'iitli i~!Oimpe!tJitiva, {f,'e'versiveJ) ~ aqui d,epemd,e. apenas da 'OOl!H~;e'IiI,hr.~ando i:tlili.. 'bidlQI'+ 0 ,]1ftibidll["' p!j[Jw.uav~ Um::l!J :aJ.UercB~.,i!l,) na flht'llla hr.iclJi]It~nal ;i!]a ·,wo.lkula ~:'!ii~hl~
e~mplO' .~ lig~u;a:_~ e :m~t3m 'pe,:sad!OS' com os d gruIl~Gt - [SH da, m,IilM(;W,iHJj,en,zj.D],~ti~~quJ~ sa Eombi,nam de forma :relit,e.F-~~~t
iii).)
'o_ij,1l) aclian.ta,. ·c.h.eg<O" 3f8:0 d~- loja n3.0 me]J]lt'!re~ 'PQi~"nilft:M miiiia. ve'nd~.¢ior.re·~dHla,p(i.ID"lTe:is. ,A rem~~u M ~~de ([3. ~,'e.a~M ellz.b:1li::iU,iea OUilll a qUilll!lt~~' 00, s~,8m,-mspont,'ile], _~ :st~.meMlari!te,
~filla:s
iSt;:'li!O
f'O~~~,
~:goj
[:I,
,lui a~:te.m~?:iJ.Qit)~emlM~el~_t~ da "mfi'lle~u]:a1B1llri-, .ma:Hca, hti]bJ.rmdto 'l;1Ji~ru ut], 'p:arr-ciaJmenL"e .& sua a,~&o., Pon:- e~emp]oj, a iod(u:liJ;:etam:i"d,a ioo,m~bit ..
'in1'bj~j!
'gt'UJK1S
n~~~ J'lfm1la'l!m.n;bemJiE:ll'l:e'
[!~,
ilJ~, ~M:
-maxima,
..
!i
i
:
oi,
(8;) mte.lln3;S,;~~t'lems a til1L3iuria db.el.f}~ . .zim~IS' fim1d.o:n:l em ,~q~]',u~da~ On ,~eJa.,b,a um ' "la~)ar' e:-nmm:i!Lit."Onlld~' 0 pFOd\uto 1M. ~ci"~ de UD1a, eooJum:lll ~ st!lb~'!;ra'm.pam: ,~,p~. eJJ2ii~ ma, ~m.; a,col:1ijfm1rto,~ lenrutn~!u~,m ,~ij[, ~,
'I'-
.--8H-,
I~'
"
'!' .1
~j]Jomfu1ado .cacljf~
. ~=======...__.==~'
tpim~~~:IJr~;1U1J
,.
pil
~atk~~.
Ctil1!l'i]e-,"tttll~'Cti(l;
...
qr,~rsl
~,ml:!
./Jilin;;);
,l1i!tl.BlibE'Itmi;ITI,
DleSrnipl3.
le~d~a, e~ln3.'tica
agem
snbne
ide
fi~u.em, adP..:l[',id3) ~,
~B~
de ]lou ..
uma
'lilne;a I~a,
es'peuf!lco~,
,~2!£31~e' 'e
l!P:Cir." ex~'m,plUij,3
saeazase age
.Slnbm
,fa,
9Uinten:!]~
:~ob(re-a:
ma.lt~,
malb:tBe_
eha ~~"'!feilI'lh$iidm'3,.. A
mlO;l,ecul::i~'q.t.:t~' 'P~~;t~ IJ eneaise dill 'su]b!Suatc}', ~~ aJtm:nl~ lren[~ aJti,~~ ,~. mna ~rnr'iigllra~1 que ,posSi,bUita: ~ .r~a.'~iil, a:p.en~ de d,eCel-n:linad.fi ti:POi mnl~cul;n:;: Ou sejia. PaT.t1JJ, eada fechad:in",~, apena~: uma chav,e e cada dliBove ~~ ~ob:re'so:m,e:nte uma. ,f:edla4u.m,
C[):o1b!it~lar,;io
,~ .[~p.ldnd~d;e
di ';;'1' m'L~I.'EI.a.CJ!iiif.ii.:;::U enzrmas, em [,' '~la.'!lJ}r;;! as e:n,Z'lmas em Sieis' 'cl3M~-S' prineipais ,e eorujunt~ de, ,sld:l(:Thasses~,em 'liuj~a~ dfJ ft.i-po d~ ,r~~~; ~)1;rdis:rJlaa lI1~lbt1i1~Lt:m,neme ,ir(:iCQ'mel:lid,adfi" ~,~.en:~_etntb] e • ~ ..iJII~. ~1',~",;: " :. ,~,p1,"t!!pfii:II.Q!Dpara ~ ~t!J [~_i¥.U]'., UTI,]!, nems ~1iemi1ti,oo
C~~
, . ""i:;;":' '
ifnI' uma
mals :pf€ci~'!:!!). 'Vl3:lfJjKOS :a,dhm'~ne ,enta.1l!OOr 'Uil],:ft. clas~lffi;ei:IJ\ta() [~d'iciultru e' qOOjl .pur aua 'i,l·~Zjba..m, .sio[o loobl'~diD'
!!J!~. 4lUI'JEa
~et"ml
~
,.
,--
,~-e"
~[},:;5e:I:'!f,amiLWin,5!E:::'
!!4'!j}iEi _ !""l:di~,'J.(:tS~
-
,0 ,su:th.;:o
~.-.~,
,a) 0, ~bsitM)t!il[
Ida.
,rea.ool}[.
,Iil -
e~.tif:ltas ilttii.a
,.~,. ~, '~.
~e~,f:~da~,
mr:±lltrl'~.a
.... ' '!I:;i~M -
,agem :il~£lti=,
1l
~,rga irdsmjITt
"
~.-~ i ~li1:ll:tJli:ilJ~9_JO e:11:Z!I ,~=' , A ... dad .....d!'~ '" o:J!,l!.'-r.l "",,U:'~ ~s
,it!l
j{
"t, [J:mw'll'[]<
~!1::!D£~.veJL
..
11'
ao~ mms di:~nteg age:r.~Jtes·g~~ (!I]1 ~i'Ci@:$_ ,A b]lili:d~fI;~ ~,nn1l'll:§.'ti!ca, ,p.ode se.rt" reve:rgC'ljre]'
(;~Oimped.'!iiv,3, Otl. :nfij"o ,e~)mp-e~i,;lliva o~t.,~rre\~F$f:V'et J
~ataJisafia"
,a) :bliIbl~,al '~m:l!ietijti,VA reV[~\~eil ~ 'qU3.11oclla M 111ll1,E~s esU.'1.li.~Mlllm!'be ~e:[l"ll31'1teg .an_~fj.~t1'"ato ,que !:01.np.etem ctlw, 0 -[rH:~i!it'"tM,O
pdt:)
~WII~
attV'O
d'ai
I~n~:[(l~
N,~~~: c~sO,~
AI' "11"1'"
,,.
... ,-1>'" _ .,.... ,.. .:" .' ... ', - '"
~U,J.,J;l"l.,
,.It,
'~'Iroi
,1,1- !O-.i
OS']!'
~!,~~;~I
ADlV'C
P',anl",a: que as ICitlul8i:9, gEl' mantenham illld;[~d~7i~daE. '!1l!e~s;~itw:n es~'t =repPI';ada~, ilL} ,~eY, ~ew ,:aLn1ibi~,'~e. .por. !f;l'ntfd1:t6r-io~'~ -:- .,_'4..:::..,;~-",- 'iL~ . ...::Il. ._rF;'!In~ 0 " ',8 env~ MtilJlm~ ,~pre:m tmas ,~~ b~:ta.~, ieonllendo, OOhtJar.~do'mei~l'~MD '!!i ~ 0 m~m,:ilm:to ,80 m:e:iB.
,I nl'~Ulf'OO
A, p~[le
le~:but~~;~
:0).
~ldl~V'
v~'llEiJ
ap~~e'n:tt~ li:.li~~
~_~~;O;
~
mtidia - ~"fuoo'rnda,~,p~~1' dg gul~ , ;g],~saon'lJodlu:Hll'~e,'8~t~Jclfue1' iS~nOO',ellU~tLtllli.= da PJ.(I" pectartos, di@ 'c~cio ~ ,p~t~m~ d'e :magnMim\o, A pact-ina, (pOlU~s;af!mde~ ~ IJlne, ~ela
1-.0.,,, • Cl' ~l r.: A ~1dE-i:i_~, ; 'p.t:iI.1nrln!B:. q_1!;W' '1iJ:e:111la Q qne',el]ib::;:u, ~ ~~ que gSIl da ,~ul9; @ Cht~:mHdR ,dlEli ;DIDe;m~br.al:ulpEB5,m,a t Ie!8 I( Pit a s m a] em 011 .0 u m,!e.QlL.bran, a
<•
,cioopt~~JLca
fo1"8l1l
e
wm.'or J1.~fm:ri8. ,~, membrana plaBmat]c8~sein mte:d~i.r DR sua ~t)~o.gj,a, :Essaa momD~~OOs.,
q,wm.to '£8., eV\O!b.l~j} elf, pnr ~O~I !oomid.eil,'atldo,-" que a membrana pias.TIutt;ica., urns 'e.Ei~nn:L'um,H,llfd~, mllLlt:o d_,eHelBida e
'v,ant.aj;m.\$
~r-ln£EnB[iEn"&mJ,.
h~
se '!t'1I.IllI:IilUU:m uE]l~acllH ,~ !5,;olure' ~ ,[l;)i,\ll"~i:le' !P'rilnar~;~.~€mdo ;!i, '~;;.lmad~ mai~ t'»' , ~SS!a~f ::apa.reoelll,ool no ,estitiiJoon arl:rulm da oolu-,
_~'Ii
,_ ..iI. .:::_....: _
.' .1
...~;i-:li-
,II ,Um.i'~
~']]Eivel .. Paea qoo, VjjU~ en1.em.da .a 1m,po,n-fuJic[a. t de$S~ ,:[l~(b~~, ,~h~ef:Ve q:u.e·a m~mb~'·ia_ piRa:s,ma'tiea
,fi.s_i:CD.',en.Uitle :~ ~i&e ,:3[ a~~ncia
l~
~. ~~
:tafrrr~Pll'" a ti:te:l'iLl1brru:1l8 ,p!asn~tiC8 mram, as mais variadss 1:101';3: dif'e.l"€ntes ,grap~ '00' ,p~re'a ''\1we, Vamas :0,05' deter. eJ[[j dnss deeaae "m,Ddiflc a:~oeiq: q l~e' fUll C],.oU@LID eem rJ l~n],~ri~5 'oel:~la:n~s 'lltalis e~:ten:ws,;: a :pM;ed~ A"B ,s.o,ll(l~es 'para
l~lm~F,::pN~~nue
.
run
~{l:W:riH1
ci:an~llRC'OOi1ia89'
1 II
...
~~tl:;i. - ..
M11!~~l~ ..
11
mriD~
;r:!i:3'rl,O~-~aC'u:::n.a!!Iil
halin,en" 'QnR1il do adul ta ~ .eelwa vegetal podlj3;, '-'S;-le'If"UWi d;,ftC . mrGmJ,b');,,9,na pl,9:sm,liti'c~,~ p'~voe3r. ,31te.~fie.8 m pa.red,~ ieeI't~.1lM'1s~Undfiri,sL SltSt:e11.t~aol ,e' l'Ie\1'uis'iiimen,to ,ee~!Illal.\ n.....~,.,..,.,-~ .L_jl , Ii!",., ~ ~.Ji_ IoU .so:&,~r wpJ[~~~ou : d,_~d±'V0I:_~ru;::S1!.]JJSflljL~le~'a8. ~~iQ'.ElIi[ili(flll~' M [J:~I)]~Ul.~ C@N1IU.lliEl:f'rui! ;saO' ~ al ,91~,9i~oes dB Ilal,ttde' S;e.cgMpm. ,:±ill ~lSti:ttrl~O bEmt~Jllm v~;~li~!a~' quitinSL D!Q6~~ ,~~i1rJ d. -W:1":rllinil!cI~, 'Gn~m~i J~iobr~ eelud~' a bEJtCt~i~ ie' !J.i~]][jbBtct€iIT:.iiElS apr:e11leD~m ,acidp ""..;;fI'.:I: ,.,' , .:'1'ITose' e' ,3 pecbl~e' da pm~ite iii~'tm.d!aria, podeIteiOOllOO, i:lt:J.UO :H;1:'i'lLlIl."~II.Ji.L.;100 '~'l.iLIO~ eu ~'1!U']O-' Ie: pnnaueo, "fur,mar P'lDIiUil' muenqeD~ f"euOmel1d, ~nqnan.t!i1 n:es ',ne'g,et,sJiZl .,,, ,II,fll:R.1I"S cem .,,c,ei~,t;11oE'e~ IL..~ " ',,- - ' ...:.'iL . ' ,rih~ID,ad~de g~~im~,~i.Q:.,' ~reUllce,~lIi]o.seJ'pootSlt.oa u:._e colal[j e m~mo, • ,GOltltRSi, ha",epider.tIii.!9,de pla.fi'tBJi como .a P~de ,oom,I$F' ~g~tal mBebe ira. a lM~:Jl'QJ~irft! ete.: _ A pareda eelular ~t:ill e nma estrntura '. Go:ma ,arabia;~: ,~bMi.d.:a, date ,3Mc[as·,, rigiclla- 'P~111. pel:mea've[. ~pretaenm pef'r"Ura~ije.s , iL. = , • 11' Mu~ag.e~' '~o:m_1nm em frtlit~~"r:lo~:J; S&-' as :pon.' ..!t1a~iOefii~, que P[~ 'b'~"'~ -w.tam:n ~'ill::.[JIm.ento ~e mentes IE!! '~'Wz:es. 0 ,9gar~1~P"~ IlltIL511: nsueieanais _-jJ~;,orti~ioos)9& ,1P1-~fjUlJ£KInO~J ,atrS!"~~, es d ~ I. ~ '. '<I-~Il 11 ] ~gem '~d;u:tida j)'OtC iI~ij;~ rodm~iWp dos, quW8 lL"lIII:,OilmTU.lD']_£a!~~{i. enid.H (lf8!' mW,p.]:[l;'SJJ]M U@; ~.r.II'iI\"-""; ,n,.",,: ,~,:~'!'.~." h("<rb:~'I':",r;,. '''''0 ~- ,.,~:.....••,R''''''''~'.~' ..."-:;', ., iEi! ...... _1."ra Ulf'~ 1_duas eelu;tas ve;~ttlm vizinhoJJ~. P~;JIl~ ~et :rigida~, mtuW usadl3., em 1:mho\i:)@J!t6:ri,olOOm'!] nmi~,d,e: "e;ri'ta ,~, ~]]1l::r2ldSiJl e~:ce~~iv~ de [icl1n,doSi P 'qThe cuJ:nu'(,l., p:Mvtn::3:ri~ ,0 es:to,~r ditlJ. tle~,Ltla~, laammp:~-'iSIe. p
Apt~ser.rU
,~~Ct
riv,~, da tlel~a.: m'~nlbnln;SJ nas 'l:l~:ri~,l1~., :pro:b:~p.ia5.DH\ (~' fr ,. plaanuUica,. ~it:opla:smEL ,a I1tlcllie@ 1~ cleno:m~ltl'ado ,~.Eg~~ pii;'~"'IL~,!i!:tas "IllDg:ElS!iB' v e_g.et.a.]S,.
.otofi1~
1
'0.
e :,:;'p,ra; ~,C)
'~:1tt"l!
qu
Siite:
,iEni!l:C,A,m
t :f:"jil
'11.1,
.;=
.-
.'
~,
;(.";:_})I '
•":;,,~..
'~I'
i.
,=,
,.....
II;; U!;::;\[._~LI!;~J'il:.I'
,~:~~
..l!.!LJ:ill.
b) im:.p~gn8.9IDQS'
Ii
BDl1e:rifictlL-cio::: depomm,if.! U
~elnbD:-'
f~
be:!" Ilnrl.e 11.A Cl"eBflnnert1LUli. g~ii1., A,~tl~ b~tfrri_a, :m'a·t~.'~ e~HtJl~___sd IJ ,~tihe]>' 'p'~:r~[U!~ [1inpsde ,:;J!~' tl~l3aa ,de miliHt~d~ j'Unto ae
mCl'ilJ.
:reeo[[]'he:~e:r;, ee[umE!! ,de: tnn mesmn tec[d9 ~~i:ni ,gHtlucMi'K fUL:'IW:liadQ, pel~ ,~b(Iim'[arro~), :adeqlil8l~~1 ,dQI :me:ii(~, Ie,.: tOl!!J!i,Q d_a:, eelulla ( 'hit1r],~ uma .Tl1LMblal que ·[letmn, nuiri,el1'tes e ,e:nZllfte!!a,
~e$mus.
:ElQ
• LJi':gilii1fi:~~io; depom~, -liotaJ (]'![], parcia1 d~ '1lij~11l ('pmle ~'tereaiar' ~'nm'~15 b~mi-' ufis. da F.IW:\ooe eelular), t\, J;·igJ.d!2~'d,us :teci-, des cl:e! flll1.Steftta9&o da- .piamtaL ,esc1le:ren .. , q;~J ,00 de.ve 8 pRSJall~a de Ugofum. O~one UlIu:u~:m 'W) xiI~lljUlt ('b:a'qu«m e
tI;;~l~PJJ1!iid'eQ 'i
redor
ce]
mafic',
:6!Ollt1oru'"])M Wle d.e;tennJj'l_8lIn,te~ d{]~ gn..~p09 Sla_ngtHne0:9 (A. 11,., ,M e' 0 s:~o ·gllidop<t~' l~t'JiOOs ThO gJiOOcoon..
1 ),
A, membrana
pllasmttica
(0'1;1
membr-anflj,
(e'VI'~,
8, It.ra.r.iJI::tplJt'8.ba'O).,
-'
_.,,;T
,~e:~U&. -
.' ClJrifie~~'0; d~osi!;~iQ ,~ :ooro, (ilpialo,~ sebre 8 ~pfderIThfll v~e1[ial Ev.[ta ,gr tr.anspi-·
:ri!i~.'o ~Bssi!va- OfHIITiJ'em 3~·lonM I~ if.reqfiel1t~)~ :fi:u.ro~ (eaf11egu.e ·'mu,psif8~p! de
~MO ''!iiUl, lIt~'lifjl~
rou~
,M:~dl~~e!fI~ d~ 1.5mn ~75A9) de es;peBlWTIl, g~lldo v~¥el ,~anM, ~.rn miL"t-rOs.OOp~!~ eJeti&.rloo.
obse~
~ i'\J$kd&~oi
.. PtliDet:"~"a~aD:;
d[erp~Q dB ~~ ~O~n"e a ,~-id;e~Em,e 1,:Ie dit7t11?.io~ ~lrgi~S ive~ge= !!j~~aib:lmca~io' {im,Pf-egoo'900' de:
m:~
O~CO:'l OD:I"e S
~,
pm:OOE= ~l-u1af
,dei:
d~.t:mi-,
nadas alga,e;, °rod'ilJIi~'&S)I~ s[l:ifica'f~o (im~1":e,w-~'ao d:e~lrua sehre .:1, ~iclel'me d,a :00= s ~lf:uu~to'm~ ~ Hl"~nB~~: Iit~jJ; ,di~m,mae~~" ftim~,~,,~ :ft:1i",tul~
1:IIIl~rugr;a,b$ ,m-Wlefurm: q:~ a. memhrana pThiEuii:nliati.ca e fOiIT[1L1i!J.da. :pGI'r' duas e.am_~[la~ eletinden:s~~, e!ii;:iitiIr.':t ,(2.~,~, c~da 1L1iti.tu) e;r.LU~ as: quais se' ~dtu!EI lllm.8 eamada de cm,eno:r 1~let.roaen.sid_8d~<.,clara (;2',.,5nm,J.A, e~e a,s,pecho, 'Cicilam:jinsl" da ~~, ~lUHiJiitU:f_a., au MJm~, d'eiLHJ:mlltm;~'-'cse llmi'~9dLe de :m.e!mJb,r.aJD_Q mGlllh1:lIiH.fi, 1D1:1:tida rRo:berfl~!O.n~ 1959)-. ·VaJ'!3' 'r.:!.ll)'ha:E que' 11t.o"d ~~ as, mern bJ,"aI:'J,a::1; ~elu[are::::: (BI_ ,pbi:Sm&t],CR as que ~nv'Dlvau1 as erganelas dto:p'las.mA~as) ,3:,'r~lMn iden~co, asp0~:~O., ~
I~
I~
". ,GUoocALl:l:
Rllll:r('j~'~'~~it~ai:3: Ie.x.te~rn Ii~, mJ~rn~b,l"~ n r.] pbmmartica. da: meioria das 1~~1u1~anim Eti:s"
3·
IMlku1 aa, de
.
'Qujnfl;i,'~~m~R:'~ a.membrana ~p]a$m!i:'1.'b~ e dG 'P il.'_ ~r:e ~a 'ti.p[~'p~o t;,~,:i~~ -Ap-tre s,e:ntiil'~se ra~ 'P£inci paJ:,m;e:nte· fCI!mlf!jrla. per :fo(m5o'Up,idi'OSl. !13,p1'l0'reina
;EJ10~, 1L1oP);II,;!I·IO$,
ii',",
~_jI
..
~tre.,
.brQ'~:rfd,!t'!~Nj 6 ,g,g,n:gU,~si]'d,eos,·. 0' ,PIlS l:P E"cd;e'iD n. ~I W, ~egl"a;:~:!'ij, ,d'a, m':~:II],lhr,jlJJ(F}~,. It 1:';:
:gilicidi~B. TaMs, as me.rw:m8.1:Ws; sao de nartm~, ~l.p-{O'p'tl\oteica, v.arriain,d"~. ..na quantid.ad,e ~' ,P:I.1.lt. qu:B!iJdade dsa l1;iolii!~uJ~, e-"")l{moo ,e' ~J:ro:tmn~s d
, • ,~ • I
p~ro~:fMl,W~~t.
a::01D
PiQr]
',is
aae a::rJde-o,!j,
0:-0
g\ti'l_gioiS~o:m'!ii e,
0 pa
eo
e·Ktt,~,f.iJ~ lilltaf\t~~;
tlio
,poo.tl2!r~iO'n:!Il_Gj!lytet
't]~,aTlSf~f'id.~l!5 PgIlrN
esmo,
animal
{az;
9 pritit1rej-ro~ wnitiilJ:~'
j1mt.O
8:.0
QjU~·~: c,6]uJa,
pel B membrana pl:itt:B.1l:IS:ti.c@l sepa.ll~adQ~-POil"-~~s·o ~be ,a TItemhlra:D,~. ~)t."Q]l:IiNJ"]e; do :ir:L:ter.cimliro ,~i.trin.'~ dmB l1i])e.i,O\Stan [H_f,ere]lte_"I;. R:ep"l~et~ta, leJ~ mrl,~ ·b~i.t:a ,::;-e.l-~t'iv.!;1, iMl1'ie :~ ~lllD:ifi e s.e~ :me];o..
.--1
dl~~l[ que
jp:[locOOilna's'
a~,m.emb'r,E!J]]'u.
0 dESeI:l'lltl!hJ:1Lm!lell'oo
'tecm:o!]rl_g.im ..
't;e6ri(;rlj1 mais Rceirm,.~ ~ llilosaJi,co ~id,ol (~10hri]so]1 e SiU~l~(r1' 91'2), Pfl'siuHm1do 'qtK~ 1 ,~~,:m'~m brag~ ,p~ajtic~, Ie''~~d~ J.U),J:' 'QLQI mt)S:f1..iJeo ,de, m(Jt~u]JaiS, prob¥iMs eo.iillc;:liblS ,n»maJ, hiea 1li!1U~da 8mlbl de li;p'di~Os!J'~ E~be: m ~tll,el~1'pod;,e SiE"T a pla~~tJirlo 'PEl!~a_ tedas as· .... ......,;;·1"', 'ro~IIJLIJLI\r-~~ 00.'I'_~1 tiJ~~,
_1'[[,OOB~fQ
f-Ioje,
b) pr.omima.s, pfHj'!il£:ericaSl~, 8:i¥iJO .fricWn~,tt;e. nbtic11all p '~r,a3~Iivres d08 lipfdio·s., Uaem-se a l.~c,~],s, e!'s:pe'[;,]i.ficoffil [la, membean.a .e 'ptQ~i'1~:v~lmm1101' ]jg~if~(I,OOOtF~atr,~ve8 Jd~s, a iPTil t ef'n a 13 -',n t;'ei,gr 8.1.8,_ S&:,0 ll):1!"~"!i"~rn as :~:rif~ri~ !~ cl:rocrom1o ,!l} :(P'(jutiiCti.iP~ d~'
l
Er.illI_
:[un-~iIQ dt)
~~;]i3D!1e[fit.tD
e le~t1Gldu' dM!
mem'broom~ o'bse:rvo1i:-S!e q:1ilie, s~o ~mnpl~s l~,popl1Jt~,c~s, t:~:ln'Wndo ,:.l "'51% de pr(j!l;em~s 'e ~5.: i60 a ~Ol~·de ,H~diibS. de ..Lipidia$ apresenta snas nJlO.~;ecuJlfW OQIU sa eadeias lddrofd'bicas, ap'clm.~8. (2~ij'rMmJIvlIJltP!IJdrm para, Q interim' da, un~:[if:ll~ir{n1la,· jia M· ~,lie!{mo;;lJi!11arn$: bi*,ii:fliJl~:s~ 'vol'tam"'3 p3r~"
C:ml8!OO
·1rlr.U:iH~l'OJJ;at"'
A dupla
~eio'
lIiga'~-~E, fl'RCBtB I e'nt.reSls dUM c:ooe.ias 'n~~,SMs :part~s' h]:d]:'f]f6b~e~! 'man tim. 'llll1'i ~" ~s
mrel'8.sio.,
~go'Fa,
¢~.'tu~da~,
I
~nti!~u. ,lb~f;ijUp'OO~.~ pClrem,~,";l, :p1"i(~~I~ e ,~, 'toncent-~~~, d081, outroo, [I lp,idiOE;, ,sao mui fuo variaveis (1CO'~~sit'GlE'Dl, @sfin,g',.rdJ,plllli[-OS II!
,gA'JI,'Ct.J'~PIMJ;OS ,.
. ,'I.!!,U:
"':...ll,!, }'
~'
MO ,~lol1iUl~tll"e~'
,~
de .adapin:El!iQe-s .£iJWlldtm~ait1.,
eU"lfl,si~eraf:1d,Q
'~e~ij'!LllSa qtllB
bipol[(["e~ hull. ~6:!o,po!!i'tii_v(:J' e um po,tol nega.tiv.rJ;}~ tlluw.;ndo mBrgu].h,~a.:s~ 't-O't~] ~'}U 'p~t.claJm'e:nte~ na 1ioc',ra:r.na:t:'h!1l U.pidiea. A P3:r.1te, hlth~6hi,C_8, d:.l.s -~,~,futJIL~, ~s.ti ,~.Q~mi z(ljda :IIlQ ca['JItro RaJ, Ideam~dla ~,prdk2.~,iii H l'llmnfiIllic-fl( I!lfe ~\n_Cctl]11t:,SL. ~e!r'ft~ie :tU~ d~ nl~bif',~~, Jnntn ~~ ~ooea:s: hm~f[b,~:@ dos,.
llipfd]:Q~. co:ntat::tL~
(fill '0
a,
etl,ul~
R
,~pli.'CeUa[,
IQm:]l:t8t~
Jtm.to
jfuJ~
;(!~'ifJL
dlfi:W:mi1J:3t'la:
face_
ciJto:plarsDM"'l1~
P'od amos classifiear membrSrha e'm, ('Lois gl",and,es
~1c8,
p:rQtgjilJL~s do:
't~cjd!Q~pi'~(~lw.l,~s r,:a"t-ifiJt~~fllrJl I(Imnna.dtl' Jil](f' Y'ii,"i~s C81liaiia;~ .de ~lw,8:El ~R fiEtee bas al ~ aque1!a ''il~o[~tOOa. pM'~~ It~~idgoO'r:t\jutl,t]v.~. D:..s,~, fru:ni~:~(idem~s '0 p fa1srr em, e~e~istLl"Z8IyO~~ a.pi~~~ ~,.8:.tel".9:i~, e'
gl"u._POEf~,
hasais,
C~):m.p:t18enrl:.e.[1[l
"l~l a
OO~~ dtas p1mteinas d~t ,m~[n'bl·9,[JJa. ID!cJu1d~s .,aqm Mfllo 8.,ma:iolria, ~.a:Mb·1Il3£~,~1'~efifiS., ]J~m~fn 'ir.:r;Ei;]L'1~pmtOOO1"mJ e i;@ceptore's, d'e iiJl8
,[;);arLe·.W~o.rijb:i.'ea de~JSiU ']1fi(j~~in~s fi,~~:P'['\~ iEIlO8' '~]p'f.c~, na reg]~o
~M'
:1 ~, i'Iie.}:'O'IVill.osidades
1:S~.O
(mic,~ruo,s.)
~lle!libr.ana~A
e:~pall'EUJ~S dlh' dt-O_P].i51'ffnla (r!)'nll_~ ,d'~diQ de· luva) 1"ecl)herb~ 'pot mlcm b!r~na
I~Olllli~~),a(~ Q,'iL'uito,Sl I(:p,mtelna)
de
e
-eBP~'l~
fnrma,
ern ~luJi~~ ~a~i~tn1i::va~, 0 C~~., BiP,dBio. do m~tes:tiRQdelgado e ~, ~p]l:te6.0 ,~~, B~!CviQditi~ '[;mrt'al'lfro" para. ,atlm~bn" a S1Xp~_m ~ ,alwo~~iio..
,. }?t-"O'ntt;l]:fi'.,
le'iJi.o,s,
Q'CU~iwn, ~:
utc~~l~h1l.lmr;rnu
w6spoooi'l ,00
d:ifacrem ~ld~· :!mtl'N!I;HrO parr ,eef!u];a , .m:oviDi~epdD£i: .1"8,pid.os, I"'" O;v'iiDf",~~fulliIl V1!..,_~ ,, __ '__ • J!!!_-_~,,_~eD~!l!I "I!IJ~~:.dfimio
iIla~~'9s:
L~-
uS
I'_.]~s, vr~t:['_io.~ Qm.]JrJ:[,ati~ . n ,~pe.rm-a'l1Diz~llde' ~ :ti ·Uooil&a 6i5lu:la .U&~]ar;k de 'i!l:rL;·:[ltdfe~s}~em millit.~ ~lgas~~te~tm6ilde$. tIe 'wnr3goo .I?' $"~~ct.iIlb~ ias It} ~gl!lltUI,~: ba£bl.daL~" .s.,~ c'al:acte.I', stieas U'l[JruC£lfS de' ]1a.ge1-~t!:I:
'!E!9:pre:i~lnLa,'tozoide
'Ulovim@'uto.s ~
il~'ild~
lo:n g'(~':::h
'u.:iJiQ.
10 'l;I
_P;'(Ull
':'Gmlt'~S[li·
'011
e o,~
,,([HJ':t,..
~,eI\d ~
J'
Ul,!},vi"m.I@JD.O'
·pIO]"
I~ I~e§.loo
,chlc()team:,eUiJt~
hD~e8 .
QDdulat{j·rifi~
:2 -; C~,
'e F1~Je.IIlJ~,
Os c'h1~~ e! flage:lns aM estruturalmenta ~dffi1t1;.ccr£: p!lesentrun A tr~~ pan.:es: hg(.@te~ cO]'PQ basal e :r ais. 'Baste· Co~s.re mnn pmlnl1,gam~e11Lm d~l1Ii;Lo:nd)if':'dna
lpiamlliitim
t]1Il~~e[wo1'!!le lUll'll
.09 elli,M' ei' oa _flsge]flS -szio 'respc;,n.s.a:ve:ilil ]lela! locoJllw~M de- mmti9!t3, re~~ llvres "e de: a:ni~iJ ,aJquati.,Cbi5, :p'1~11i8rjB> para 0 d.eS-]U·CSiTneuto de e'
16j esplB',~t(ll'i:z0fies
lale'rei~'
emu
de snJilt~:t~~!,
l ,_ ·DeS:JnD~snm_os Sao ,rfITI1Ii.8J~O®S.,ralmQ'l'll.,ctBi~ p~. ,(I.14tH ed1\lliulj, 'r1!~tih~ 100m Q objeMvfJ~, aume:ntar a :~de.~l,
ICi(!]luil.a:If~,
C«r.po- b~i5!ai1I, n o
T ,"' •
".J'.
qbteJ)_~~D:mD
~
Siwa-ae I_n,al base d.o. cilio ou :l1age.1.o,. ,t'l,Q . t.e. ·,tJ . ali- clade- ~ ':11-11 ;l",ILM d·0 m:QP J.a.~ma. ,a ,re. • .... .', co· .eIi n:u.Ull
I • ........
N· •. .',~
'.
-"
I"
.'
.'
'.
.'
-l
r
--
..
.,i!;, ~
... ;,~,
,.;:'1i",!"
_1_··... ,
_.;n.
.'
_ji~
C~w:ID:uO-.
".
~.,
Ii,.
'"
'0"
iisenit6
,c.~mb ~er~&gelim1.te'q_ue
f(n·_W.arlfl,
0_.0'
o ~~lQ
se..
t'Omo () we:i~.o. epit..e]ial ' :pelle €I, c61~jlu ,do 1~:p.].t6]jQ iub~'~tiro~ e (.i']ula~, ,au tmcidlQ 1n'1x.~'Ubn:· !~tri~.{IDJ) ~tdt~~Q, Cada, d~dmn efu~ pat' dRaia pmcaa, !c:itO'p,IEL~:maticaa 'OOllde.n~d~ (urns, em eada ceJulaJ, vlzim.haj" p:Q:r: 'tono:[Ham.ent;Q.s l'fitaml;entolE _ die, pR!!temas ea:pe~!':SS~91' a.te 17' .nm ae ~ltnetro)1 '~pIe '~:,u.rH~'l!,I'~:m_fi:~s ilfJJ.~.eOl$· enmu reforro e' pOll" nrl:~m-uam{en,t~~ l(tiJmne.ll.U;Ja. ,de·p'iI()I~inaJS. ("tirOl. "1 a 8'rlmqlIde d:ihlnfjitf,U) q_iWi·,~'~a.\f,es~a:mi amemhrana. das
,d,ua.~~~iu.~
]~:I1.(;rr.t~elular:.i ~Oiftto; se (10J-fbllt',~_S$em, 'amhas :aJ_8 c-e[~.,
m.~ica"
gr-an.dle l)]ift,8~ao
ru~a
ij
il]!!IrpQ
bas~1. !8
'~_r.l~:S
P.~f
,~o'njiU:Drh)iSi d.e
i~eilltT.,a[.,
Em, 'Vm_["En=p:te~i-OSl como o·e'p1.ieli.o mt~tina.l 1· ~. ~ ;}l tTIm irX-'tlnf' Il ~ h.l· :_~~A~O ,~i)DlfJ: ;~X'Q ,JI~~on:-~_1 'nln~as ,d~,l'uJ~!ij;~B'O .ved_a~'iD ca1~naI'.,0 '~OJ:l]pl~o' !e jU]flLo-illrm11iil e: furn1lR,da 'pO<T .~ ,elemof_mto5:
,a) ZMlnola. iDcbuitens I(~o:n.a, e ,od~OJi.=·t8i-· d ;m ~altt:ff]-n.H]1l ~m"torno dEill !?;ona ·,apiMi d,@ ,~]lI'~.
~EH:J!
m'~~lLlop'~'Mm3L"
'~as treh.1i1a'$ ~,:~~na.i:s' { OOitfJO- ~. - .u![res.-I~~tila'is.' eem ,0 IDl~iett:vg' dle v.edm·"e :inl.p-ed-iF'.o trHnsit;o
CU111prea'qni'~ :p3.veld~isi.vo(I ~unealele, b) ~D.ul!.a a:dlll,~l~~' (zon:a. !'lie 'a(i,e'S'{i.o) ~ ~ :Ufi:IJ. cil"lrID ,oo(lltfulUij, em fO'r:m.~ daa r:~luJa!!':!l:["8,. . .. :F~ll"~a1'ldo ~fWi !'iil ~i;r.e :aa mesmas, "ii, ,~" JlGl~a ,adhere,l'tS, ~.a,:~_lib ail~~=l(:),) =' lil:e~
~ ,3Mtm
~d'ii"
e~::iJ~l!e ,as
,oolw.u.
14
'=P
eeIULRar das {,-el1llaJ~ Vle:~t~~ h'-,a, .f{]:H~~i3iu ~ 'tubns, ,Pl:lQ'I1~L"{~S~ p~~nd'Hsm(J~: 09' qu~ ,pe'H[]IiteltIL a ·t':pid,~ eomanie ~~~~ ,en.be, 0 ~ ~i'~!ilP~],::J.isLm,ai5l'
.....,. .... d• ..:'..... ", ,,,,-,,,, ~yll·JjJIJ...~a;U1rl~.
da pa:r€(i]e,
;e:ba:m.ad~;)
_
"l3![p6£5
__Ii
a
.. l
~[}rn,fI!,
,
mente,
uma
,
[-0"·
I'efB,re~' ae
d, 'ru"
,11
tl
pl'.lLmelJ:o'
._ . "_ ~
adlesi{]l,
.• ".
de~nlGS~fJQ]_d
P,:[i:rlllii91[1[),_
prn~aa:f ]]lec~nie[fL, CCUll_CI, a ,pe're_ P.uil;.an:JlbOl ;:ltt];ricrt8l, Ide ,bBc"~ e-p~.t'cliaia d~ re\'l'eSHml~l'oo~' S~,o~ '~~pangije's ~ depr-,e'SS~s,' das 'm.emb:r3!naS . fle' d:i;j2L~',c:ertl:l~'iH!!l ~:~as~, p1\~FOO~O:ila:n£oo u.:m,
Il1!m~
orhl:i11as
,:f-efu1.\~mn,a
'UDiiio l~l'!l;U~
~i'Zj ahas ~
Oc~rrre, em,
~j)~a:~, com,
uma l:u'y,E!_
.en'tr
elss
1rM.)'D1Q
o~
rha!os
L'l:[l :E:ll'ilEEriOI"
de
l(,eJ e;~p'f!ciQ;lb,o~titi!.~,qpi~c\a~rs: ,
],
"pr~g,a;Sl b$i~d~, ]]:n"at~i5~~ if,:JUH- {lcn~ ,(113. basa dlaS ,rl&lli]as dtus e..~afei ,ren~iB. Helacitlf['i,mn...ge, 100m. ,0'
='
,,1!'a:n.s~po:rte,
e~;~m,I,3J:&.
d.e
,=1l,gll:a
I -'.1~iies.
!.
[··l J1!D.I:~~{jJn'rJ;~'
ilil·.'"
'~il:mU1'iLi,Oa.m'~Eis:~ ne.'Dlsi,
IlliU lfilp!p'
,2' ',~, ,D~:d;esmDli1S0m~ S~ro mFm~ij~ :t13J, ,1t\!;!gH~lJu b~~'i;] ,[Iaa: "~il}l'~ epi'te:[ials, faee doe lirl~ltil:tatfH:O]]l,a. :~a.mnmbasal {]ci~a1, (t~, C[lnt.al'~:'o jitlifitn au t~i,lilt1'ei1njillif-t~Vfr mbj,~~eL'l:te)cb ' senlel~J~eS' . 3J Uiml ~mn~nl0~ ~:tti. j\ig:ai]id.ade- t 3 " "_ " ,' ", ' _ fi!H~ dk~, epi'ttUia eh'tbOl'~ a:, sua p,at'~ tt(l, deBmnS_S~ID, IPf1I"I~'m,~na,o ,M, t:DH-e~PGnrl!fUlla, clfi outm ItB!itn;,$tq,l.l.e ,bfiJ['l, h~, on'Kj,"a u~l~u]a epiteHal j ,e
s:t;iu[ iI:t~D,'~U
I
ep,i
sim ,~,UUru:~3baaal,
'm uscul
ares
lii.!!l:a~J
:i],m"'ViL'li9~\,
,M j'Un,(ii~ dtJ, ipo PIl' do f:tl],'mJad~~ po[' dais t 'tu:'ba.s, :p.ri),teieos pi$E3!Je',]o~ que, ,3[;tt1l1 ~e~~am as
:nl~'m~hr3:m~u~ dUM Ill,5el:~!!l de
t'Om1!1:l4i~!:Il~io e~'1'~
!:!iii,
""1'"]2.:lulb~~..'I' p€lJlnitinOO!,:a
'n't~$m,~~~
di v,e~,~,aJ,£iii subs
e ~ 1. ula B' (nt1cleo~ftt.eQ$ a:[[li:fi_t)~~idt)s.' :vffn~t pm~m .., '!laO h.;, e, 't'eall$:tr) de' m aoc:]:'~nrnrilec:ulS!r!.\
,!t.fi.:I"1 ci
,M'l'til,\i',es
,ABsin~~,,gropu~ ,~l~,es tions,1titu~, 'nm,, roccij'umtO funeional, aeuando de' :itnbd(], lOO()!l!.'liellJ3Jrl:O e ];t~mlAlni.«a.,
,~,p~:amADB
I1
~.
.&_~
I~
SELRTIVA,
:IA"J:1[J!l8D':D !l_UG~r~~
)Ii Jll'['Aj
"'Ilft
pl~gmi1tica, ~ a pri'ilcipru, ~'eS~o]];.s~v~li Goobr,o.lrEl' d~'~'~1;:r.EJ;ifa61'~ ~JT(h:jj de pGlfJ ,~tlb~'I:.;1:rtrias. eel ula, Ida ·lNcl,at(;aowTeta e:nr~ sua sdlu:biliidadie nos ll:pfwu$ e S'U,fl (:-:lpaci:dad~ d.~, :pen~tta,',ll(~''D a~ ,Y~h;da:s5iub~taJnd:as' apolares, solfi:v.'eis, Q)!)Sl Jipiilios,. 3.'b:a:vessam f~Urn~']l'i:e: rEt membrana, [J,\r)r ,oubvo ~ade;o ~lJlh~t.:anciaa po.ta't'!es~ i~o']'~,veis em 1iptdi~9~, t.em malor diBc1l1d.ad.e para penetrsr ,l:iI:ElJE ,celu1,S]§. ,A conf[gu;ra'~io '!mlo1ec:m:M podera 'poltisibiH,tru: a e:x[$mn~, de· ~lln.'~spo~d'Q!I". IOOmo '0 transporb~
nttViQ
@
A" me:mthr,8fi~
Par,EtIia
djJ1,;hS;~tode
mo:le~w.$ ,roi~IW Ie
pl~i1:1il1Jm,
0
C!C'urra
I~Gl
do
sua
~B
·mru.'~n~
das.
8,u'bsu'lJlChu: e;dg,~
uma
tnencs omce:nb~d.o e rut.1) :bi,p!J:t6'tdeD~ .a o:bj'stivQ d.e tode t:riIDEiitu rtllt.rave8' ,dtt memhrana e' l':!l ,m.okmia f d,eixm;' es d.om mei08 oont a mesma loon~fi't.t'!!it:ao,).CO'mo a, ,c~lW.a usa 01 O:'Xig~i].i.o nat
:m:'i~pj~~SJ.o "il;:eliL'iLlLar a
j:
:~eh_t;]a,.
,ft
mfiu~;M 'mcn]ftad~.
do :O,le[allt~, diminul deoll;.ro da l~~lula e, assim, 'pm'" clllifii~ab, 'pal~U,,do mte:io ~.N;tl"a.~eJ:nlW"para i:~tr,ait,.~],~. ,e). i~ ~~bthlico, mm.o produ,1.J) ,iin~ d,:eJi. ~~i~~,io ~lu].&l, 'Venl ,;::Jlu:al earu,i~tr.,~.5Jo ,s.e'm~ ~~e;]ll'ta&: d;eBl;t~, ~ C~,Ulra,. iLo,go' p(n~ lilifu~fu. g~ha ~Im~it;!
~.u;o:m~n'b:'a~.a(J;
I~
1E"..xti,~eh,1ilE!l,ir';
:Somcnte
loontm11Vlj, :~r,
bJ,Di~;g
A dufiLlSiEJ.o e IIl]m,
:i~(l' .
PermeQ;,bili;dtJijdeSe~ti~a A :i't~ 'b;\~i'ta, HVUlM nte U,lt;r.av,i2s lill~ -meii"!ri"i',l~"jr:"lI~ ~'(1i'"'' ,..;;.,_,.ni".d'aDl~""'iS, '·1 . !!'u~I·i!1.lbIh!!a. '-;TI~-..ti""_'I'.,,, e .!f":m,,I!'c'~ !IJU'_~ Si !:!i~5'I!.0 __ ._ ... ~.e~br.mla :~il~:i:~ 01!] :1;1 io a p'$.~S~l, ~:tr~~f6~ d,e ,S.i, AlEi~~, !ru~"i!ieque a m!enb~arla, "~,aKm:;t'tr.ic.a, e ,p~d\Vel~, '~~mJ' ,~e-]eti~ar" Podemos ,ctBlB~],tica:r a pe!'ntle®.b].lida~,e
'I;;!!'I!"'~~ 'IF"I; ".~ L
a]c,autada,
:s'€,ri~
l](L"O~~SffO
,ti:ffi,0Q
na.'[.1ll'~~.
'filclBtilJa
0'1-,.
Na
l,
mas ta11looru
t E:1 0
rnolecruaLS
II,·
L
maiores
'P'ilir.aJ,
~ef,eH va
giI4VD~,
,;.;:
ern, ;~J:",armspO:f'te
P,3i§!!i:h;'OI
dilfusao~,
dl:Uusio faei.I,iitadla e
!o!ll1w.,OBe
) ~' 'fi".a:n.spot!tie
h
faciLi'tada
!n.~l1:y_po:rlB ,p,ft8&~NO' Fala-se em; 'tr,~~ ~~.ilfGi q:ufn.udo.niio M I~ de, ,e:ner.~ pD:f part:e. da ~lul~ J::i q1rii!: .tj d~l'~mmtQ M, ~l;gbatd:m:lia ,ottion ij~r:re ,~ favuit de, 'R!llli gradi~Db!i Q1'Il1miie.g (Ico,neeiltra,io)
i
"Verdg,eI~. Eissaa pNlLIif;e{naJS.[p<QiBiSU.em. 's.:tti.6S, ~:ilrpBcf~o8, para ICel't:tl:,~ m.o~,~euJ8:~ eu : elas ses de· €lQmp-o~tolS, ~" ~~11 ..;m'~ • quuruecs, a'L-:t::J!eru:[i:IJ.llI\~a5$IIU1• a ..::Jlj~,I,·.:>l: ..... i!,.JL[[iJl..gi:J.U\"
'Cj IO~D~e
eiOg ,eletri:C!!llI\~
aJ lJjJ\u.ao :~p.I··s
r &'tmUO,3,i
esse
A d]UUESRO,
j]Co.l'l"e
mo.Meu[M~,
'dIDfundirL ,Lowoomm1W",
,d~~].,~.g ~~
~mtrrimenw
PO'i"'
mro~ t.e.f:ulEm1r a
\o~o~e
S'I?
(i)lrtd.e ~~ 'p~n161l.[~' ~s:ti¥eJ:i~ em 1l'nti.(I(f' qll~lfi'Lid'~J~j~ ®rjs tm tOO ©~l.'b-oooJ :~'ira 3, ~egi~(~ rjk, n1:~O'(' ~I'U8Lr.rt;d~d;El
.eta da 'Jlcgjio
~spaH"1L91'
ill, ,aguiPl Sil':!vera.~e' .univarsal). A:smn" dm.'"~'m $1;, osmose 0, ~~.';,fe(ll,te tr,amgita. do msio 'bj:potin:jeo, pat,~, t!l h.i,jlertO-:nfi1~oi' 0' f:lbj'~:ti;''/l' ~ 0' ,Ul~m!D ~a mfi'H~9.o.,ntiI;j)\~:r lJ1:rnR m.owrnm.
I[ eJ.'1t\wJJlar,se
qualquem
:("st.t:iiUtada (;!COm:.ir"~ 'ua:a:1rsiw' ar:fl:rav:es da membrarm. de selnte. '[)e5t~, fe-r:wm~ 0 soluw tr.~a1:i§ga, '00 Ul,e:W ,li1:iJ:lffil't~ni.eo para ij t1'ipO'oon;i)oo. . A, ~~. ~ 'wm ··tYpo ~.fi,pem;Jl de diwJSilJ) n.~, ~~a
eJ1iI1 ~lm:plet5l
ti;a;J, !D:.rulmt~. :p,el'8L .~b.r,~" 'G :~,ilJ.'v.ent'e
im~lO:Tli:tifllms, da 'bit;llogia
Pbr'lffi,u;ujJ,pIOj,
A cif"iim~j~e ~ um
dG\$
!OonieeJ:ltr:~io).. P'ar~ q!J~' baja .anil:saWj ~]lila'''mmo,. em p!1m~ifir:') 'I:l~ga't a '~"tL"llCtnbra:llt! tk,V~~er''~nneav,~l a .s1JlJ)s'll.iru;ia, :~I ""in ~gjIi:iHd:~, ~,Ug~ibi~ ,~l~ve:OC"{ll~ dirc~~iilIi- ~ ·IC(]Dt.tfrttl:b:,aCM 1C~:u;Ll"Bi lu:i -m~,11:li~in,L1];'Ol'ii. E
LmiB]l,Gl"
I
,~gu~ pura;
'~n,el'guilifuad~n~a
id)cll.arl.~
eJa
sa col{,u}as'Semlfi~
~b9QJ've'cia, ~wu.a
~'IJ~ ,~t_o~!
e~!~]'~Ir~
'!;oI,~.!.!
,nrigi:lilian;J;l, do
'$·oliiJ~~Q ru:~a:t[It~r:liLeSa1.irOil:r ,~lii, ~ :ii;U.'rLiIj'cl~i!3l,. As l~eLn1$dn 'm'as~" i!\!~iiflnb;j.'to cam ;"'~ ~ :~r """"'·H t.~f'!Iil]:]d,(ii iooJrln."00 . -~Jl _ _ . _ 1_
""
~,~I_ __
AA~; ~~n'liu.:,~~i(, ~,
rc~s.e
s;:~,~~;.
0f],ilIivSi.1Q:'·
it
C.OOOmrt;.I'a~fl
11~i'
d,eV'idas·
a Gi3,nIDSe.,
maier lcalola
I~
.:sera:
,B
terudend;D1 de 11,
ti,glJ,S
pmetr;ar
:0.6;
eorn mn :s~ d~'mawl1al :~ml.i~~aw'$] (d,@i~~~~ ,atra,ws~w' apenas '~iii]n ~a) armrnrri3l'ri1ll .om '1l4'iI'N'I das ~'\'3imid~~~s- M<@,t~gtilb~ (]i' c('uYll.I!(;ho.]]J1iiJ1],_ 00110 com ~t~ pura ..A;p6.s nlgum, tempo :wE'ifique eomo
'0
Go Ioq,U.e' uma
StJlu~aQ!
tl~'
agu~ e
,5.ae~O'8e
'Jita~f\~
·Vge~'~u:f.i!J)(h'n J,6r . ~e.IQ~ ,lSe a. ~ !O"~:t1LTa t~st.iver 'welD' 'W~trorfi(;.o'l' p~:tae.:!~,Ei :~~ e 'fi~:f~, m liIT·~~a~ ~ nfi1rn,lW~ ~'1amRdJl]n~ ~:ttl:]ula ..;r~t!il] d~, 'p~~oJiJSe" d:~O ,e.a:al.qu.~ tltr::o:n"e'Bep.Ht:r.:~u;a:odat _mdmlhll'8J18., jIlli:smtitiC8!.L ,dE! p:3Jrede celuJIaL
~IIiiM'
om e iUiI -
¥qetllili
:nivel dla, ,~,guNsobe clslIJ1':trodo tubo, ,oom,proym"tdQ a 'pas8!'a~m da 8tpgl dp, t:opo ,arret Q, tl~idr~linroo d bilio rum. 'ft 'memlli:Ir~: 'Bemip.e..1'IDeaVlel.
O,'smQsf! Ie ,ft·e;,'alu' aBfMLiI
'HI!,11ti
j1
,Se
o'b$.~rv'~l,gSe· ~tmsc6'.piQ O:ptlc~ q.~ Qj,~B 'fi~tun ~o 'on rug;t:lJiI os, ~ Ctml"J!l@'U· :porqrua flS, 'mb~Ocitos p~m;il' i34gu~ 'p~ o!J mc:jo Q~!jj~ Cj biuCJfi6n~ooi
feDfimerlJfi
,dim ,~e~,i.'o~
em 'ilJlm. mein mpomnfu-g·r, ,8JPM :mei~ hom, ~ariilJ arreb-sntooos" (}DlDO ,;±l! OOJloontra'~~Q do- 'maio am me:nar a ,agnEJl penetrou em granda, ,qu:@Dtid£tdl~ '.JJD. ~ebdH,~.l~f'OVIl![lHndl1 seu, 'est~lllf;l'Oro fenQme~ 0 "..iL..=,~ = .;:11... h_ _..,·ft:!:=~. 1~~1i:I..Li']j!~.L~u ~lU;.QlfUlti~.~ilil
~I
l •
An
,Se VQC~. 'COAo.iC~r uma e8]u.l~ vegeb;d plSi;8rm:d.m8td~ nurrrmaio ccm Hguta pum! OQl de' 'peg)lBl'lJ9, em1J.e@rutl'B!~-i!J! ala vGba;, a ,fiCBtT' f~fu~l~~O d~l1D:~ad.u ii;1te~~Ha6U1t~ ,sa .[! meie fhr multo m,~j;(fl~ni®, B ce,b'1]l~, l\f,~g\e[aJe.ea· L1.ttgi~ -po:r~m. :n.1O ~&e, lise celular t
'~!
,!:,.IieVl'OJp ,~
'I"ili'
.I
..oJ
"
..JI
Iclife:rent~
--1'001,11.rtk:rm.4'"
(It .......
=~:;-:w~ . ..~
lH!
H 1nT1&
iI.I:',el~~ilOi .,as:. nlQ]2eu];i3.8 as mals 'rnve--,ra~," ,P.n~e~ploi .0 p~~ass1n que '~lip.n delmimeras ntea,~ae:s hjL~!r:aee']Ji]~re,g (~lntes;i:!' de
em
B,e n-tffi".m
ll:l.e,cess,idadea
,proU;e:n8JS
e·
:pi:u;tieiJjJa.
d:'aJ,
Mh.d:a (:om
'~.ml'l\r
:!Bes.p~~io ceI~)
iI;i1Jma,
A~,a, Tcspood;a IP'O~' t~:u:~um p'_aulr,ago ~IiliiLJ d~v,~, mesm ~ I~rnn'!'l~d~'!l ~'!'b~i':' j~ifJ do "ma.];'; Qual h a,
J,
Ique' se'i~, manJ~~da difi:\t.'ell~ de pOitenci~' d~a, im(>t"ttdl'~.ni::l! (Wril1cip~]rtlenb:l' 'cie]u\a..r;2 :~e:r--:"v~~' e museulares) e para ~ompensar '3 gt~tli,d{;l Iqlll~wfui.d::1,t:l~, r1~, J1oW~Bln t'io, :~nJt.eri,or da" oilulll, ..
~J
'OOcot-e·ntFi~~ilo~~: t
de 'fte~ ve~'S,
~ oOlmp(j]]s·~~~{) oa»lOUc~)! d~r:2' ~~t.it 'nu.m~, 'OO([lm;Iltr'~~1 e~r.~~_l d@.lQ.a, 115"veses maior ~lQ mein
(de
801 OIll
r1.taIlq.llIli:')?
o,"S!DtOBe
I~~;~
C i[]
c~~J'iLi~a .•
C:el,ulas
fJt.?6:e:I'ai'Be
BOfJJba,
d{!l ,cite
N:a
I-
,,,
,ohJ~l.ivanffu a :iSQ'tooi~,~ WilS ~t1'~ ~ pAr,ar o :meio ·exfrr.a,~eJ.'ril3.r:..• 'ii:::'~iL'till't~U o~ f~ln~, ,s.odio '''''''11
:mi~fil
.P,Ill"
djf!JlJ~ij]
sd,lil:pl'~~;1
,gr~d~ llilo]s~,_ iJUJ~~p~MlJ~be'pr8;~(;aR]]~'te~ _li~O ~~ ~p~~(r dEl. ~h':Il1lk, 0 ~a~uolij,eontem w.n~, sol1J,l'i"a~ Ifo~~mHM PQ:I!'" ,'~ IE" muitas OutrM ~iiDciaa 001110.SsUS' mdin.e:ra:iJsl n~dcilrl!aE?, ~cido8tQ,rga:niOOal! 'PQrr ~emplfl~ ~ :tJ!!kI!l.Opla.sto, & :!i."O~m:br~ de ~ruolfJ\ qmte 'e WTIa memhr:ana, li:iPOPMteica. eeme
·tod~s,M· oil)jb~~~, . :rn~b~~as
:~i.or 'U:a'ru~lw"~ msJior 8e¥.,i1, Q~.to
para,
I'ilJ~iomtf.a~6Itillali,
ambos
lOS,
t€::m' muito.
~'Ulaie-s~,
a.
('.:on~ffi1it;r:,~an ,dQ,
8l'UieQ
iii SIIl18
prnssaro. oSJllrlti,ca. e·
,OOIjj:ni'3..1ln1J gra.dte.lflI.te·_ PM-a: q_1)le 6~~.m;, .aJ. ~·].'illl~ 'oom um, :gr:aiIlcl.e- ga;soo energ.eti!oo, a. pamr dol ~[egr.ad3J~(i'
·esse, 'br6.18ta
,C!~r,1.r'-e'
1~~p!Bdali.z;;ada,~
,e;.~lobalLl;_en:tlll e'
{~~~nl,a.~.
8,
d~ ,N-"
,t
~ld@(llu)sinQ
'bifodaktd~J
i,
,G:l'lFLAD QOCiir:T_e~~'
'
tadelll,os,ms'
"c.tifO!s£atada)
p'or
urn.
b~~stimento
~6di'5=pc1~~ifl
Par.,:;'·, cad~_ r:r& .1.'O'llffil' .NSI,+ 'bttmbeadlfi~ p'SJ.~, da ~~lli1b~ 1~,mh~~dQi,S, ..8.io iuni~ K+ p~ra dent~N) da celt.ill_a -asaim ~""e .uma [-ela~,o N'a:I~ d~ ~k2-, Razao- ,eSta qlJiJe'i :tti'];iiRllrnn ~- ,dif~lll.~-8: d,e'i
[oowa
nom;
O's p'ro]{!i,ngmn,mooiS din 'm:lZl;i:Ilbir~Ml' IDl~' formam O~; :p~eiiJdopod,Os, .ao e_ngJlaha:f as lk'Vt eulss s'o]i,dE!:JB' originam uma 've s,:fC'IDl~ chamada :r~,g,I)~~om,~!" l':J[lllJ lica n~, lrt': ~~']asm ~i,l, d-~
'faii~'"""J!tSO'mo~ 'Be Up Q, 11m ~(HlJwsia ~~soS~U}m.QSi, pml1il±1J, fur11liilil !j} vReu.ol,~, ,dliig;N,tilv'Q, local onde
i
c.~
d8.. l'tlemhra:ID3L qpo~jtlv,at J]iffi., lfl:3]~'_e 1F;l'M ~.O:ll'a.tQl jUWlto. .~Q m~io :ambi~nttal .d;~. ,000uJJ~ e
potencial,
ue;ga:tiv3 U:l;I!, .~~e
_'_~,~:o~·
I_I ~
I'J1DI.A
1Il.'ifDl1J'!!n,
Jl:u'
:1.1~i:tLr'Mp.c-v:i-~~::0 ,tD.'~fJl
00111l'Oo lIl.~m~~~,
'Djj6i"
.'1 .'
:n.A
~'I!'1ii2T'!i'~
,~:.t.:I.
':Ij.frl;l;1IArD'D, JlIr~~~~~,
AI,]I;:iF~'"
MEf~M1lI:
~1.(1~m~cale!n",-ulvE3
ii) mFlI~ ,bill !!II il'l.gljlilid!!:!! SiOf
v\~
'n......,.;. ~V""-
~1!:J!W.J_.LQ,~~YL.!I.i~
~uIl6po:rt~
.~
COU1iO piJI"
,iL.,
'paI't:h:u!Jt~.s maiores
0 ffu~
podem
outro
_,_1....
CJI;,~am>~
~cl'~~
,8:~dtJ'Cimse
!fhtn,!!~ tr~:ns:Ft»'eTICLtt ~ bleee, pua ,dc' p .intE!ir1~,l" fbi, ce].1IllsL~ de ~rall'hliie quantidSlde de 'm__Ol~r;.·ld,a~~ 'rJLttl de'p~!frib]~l~~=r ' 1:n~m""~fai,!}re~" t.urnai
as '1)a""'~TIa5,
~._ """-.i!. ~
E tlfJ'Ja
En.q,lulllft.O 'S]J, rn,godw'Sle e reaLHZ8!cUt por ,c:e:lul3l,s; ,e~p'-ec]:~,li~':lI,d:l9;~,~ pin~ri.toge ocor]"€ p:rat-;]icarm:m,m eml tadas ,BE ~1]j,I1rut, A pinooi~ eOF.Hsiisoo' 'tto 'mglobam~rJi:tjJ, de pa:m~s Uqu.ild;as, [bnllimdc,~ :00 intla:im:" ~8 lee' t umlS p~~,UL,ej]}.a~" 'V't:: si e ul as. ,df!lli,~I:~l1.i-.lla,d.;l.s: piu;flsso:mas" 0 prceesse d,f=·,d..ige-stafli, ~ senl~lli!i&n',1!e ,~!l] d_;['.1 'w,;broc:ita~~'~ 'ComQ ~5 'V,~~~olJ~a:5: -fQIiI;uaiciias sao grandes e. "'v.isf.v:-.e~.s 80 M:ic1:"01SC i5pi,Q Oll:nii~o. :modenlam~.mt~, -m, pilr:.ocitos~ te.~'n$ldo' c~l~m ~da tm 'W.:a.el·,jj'p','I!I.,O cit~'El a, p.8ll:"·a, ilili Ce !r'e n ~i;8.I" d.,at: m;~'rnf.\op.in~i,tj}s~~ende saj) rQnmll:~a~, 've.~f(rllt~s,
l
,b.DI pino:ciros;e,
s) ,fRgmJci.:l~e'
_...I,
i J.,'bI!CB380
• ":'_.1 '''V]S1''11111t9
~;Q
n:nc.roSCPPIQ
'"
'"'
optl!oo,.
A, 'faJg!t~cl1tQ~e' ,a:.[,l(f'e:iu~n~ uma ir.npo{~I1bJjc~a, ,muitio grande para, I€JlJill 'Q'lgruLilJsIDloa vivos, n.twws
p:~I~~ d1epe:~.d;~Hli.dRretame:rrte da ,~lti'lllS~' p!Wr.a, 'GlliU!'pM88ni ~e ~]ilne.lllt~'I:, ,jjS ~:rrlDul1s" ,~onl.O N nJ6s~ ,B. m~~~~:tO~E' esl$1i vb.lcuJ:~d~a.j~uj i'lIe-C~SDl!l:ll de
IDle.tmJmoo, ,N:ormaillm~nre~ a pm.oo,tosa tEl ut.ill!zalJd$,l~ar.,~,0 !®'ID g1'o'b~m onto' a,~ alimentcs (por '~~_'-~mp 10
$O'ID.'e:l1I.te vi~VF]~,
MI
JM.lC1'[li,soopiD
j'
got[~aB'
~lj-mpez~
,~ (lLo::resl'a~ on.d~,~~tnlve~
d~
oolul~s,
-de ]jpid.o:s pe~,3S,oeluJl:as GfIj epj,t®llo do iDiftC:~;i1:;ii'1iO d~ ]g~,dod(~,m ami'[f:~1(f'O:;:; -m!afi!, pe,r Y(1;}7a. ' ~ ~~d.e, ,enghJb~ 'pmtrl,ge'[H)~.!I ~m,a, ~a!:" ex~lJlP:]ilin,vf ..UB,.
~~=~t .~
~
'MQmbrsn.a
~'I6Bmlll~Cil
8.&6 ..~mljl1J'9ln~~~I
se r Ingert~G
lb~ocilit~~
quw
d.nge~OI
Exociroge: au ,el9!SH1,oettu!m '9 0 prot'ie£so pelQ san. ~U.:mln~.GB d~ cel~ O~ remdms' Qla
00 msIDW.inl :~~g,oci~rl£ill ~ p:m;fi~ado .. o
C(m:si~w ~,~ no m~'all]J:its,mil1' i.1.t~HZi~~O .~. c@biiras :am"{llwr3,S para ,~lh:[l.n1.ar seu pr-:orluw
As ~1't11.r:liS gland,tiJ
qU!~amaxd em clf]v~r.:so~,O~]S ~
ares fUnn~Z(IDm:'G
seu ·PI'Odu;oo.de:
das
'II"I'TI-.tl A,_~,~ -
.l·lIIl-
~1!!
10"'1 . ~I:' if
,~'tI,.!Il ~ ~.
,.iI.
i~'¥pllJ:~va. 1llm;c3li!.'te. .elt].~ ~ ~]:u1a. j)M!I;!:[(dJ~nte,e, uma ~aca:r-iQn1;e;t ,e(m,sl~'1te. .1:1 a q;tti:ftn tldade a!t ·m.emb.ltanas I~rre s:entfis~ .:
U:cr1i.a. .[ur~1:~a
,ri!Il
~'I'~IO:O-
,uo
1-
e:i.'flq,l1fan'tu
~~11:l1a :p[\otatr.fonte
leib.b::ll~ e-lIlea:]~]t)it.1te
.Ie
,m·elnb~a'l:r.La£§~ a
membranas,
d.elimi.hufi
1;f~'[)1
&_si:m.1. 'rJ.uan~() ma'~9desren.w]·rida 'fhr uma ceJl!:ll~ :mais '([1Lelnbra[];3S 'OOlt:t~, ~~ja. 'mai9 ou c(nli.p{f:r~im,~I1,taJli:z ~d a. ~e1i!'4. As menD.~~.[·:;ttii':I,S'
:pn~lJ.'"e.,em.
C~tilrn;m.ge
S'o'['lt~O (plf~1't'emu, C~p~Jfide'
oom.p:ar~'Lim~ntoffil;" as
urgane·la.s.
I
ar(ci:C.Qr.ieidl~, ~t.,~ e
com peq1LUe11. a IS,mrtJjfJlt!:(.t.ilas org~~3!S' tglicn§e~ 'p:(j!lis~3,cand:e()'5!; Ie .po·W1~~l·eO't·fd:erlg). a 58%' di~''V'C1~,ume.,oo·]tibU' mt~
q:~micas vit~:i~ GO'D10~~M.m al.'[IIal1ef:l~ge~m. de ~nb~'tlneiaa de :res;erva .. e:au~~ ,m:!I.imai:s:. ·~rnn.. g,Ue.Qg~niq, e :gtlil"l~.1ltt:.qt1S. o :~¢o..,:(1)i:iln:iJ_c~.m:en:~··.o u~loldl:al~ nr~,'te.{na; em If
Ii!
daJ.
:rJlfa-i)~.a.
d_e
,C:i·topJ'.lc.#UlJ, dE!
iLudn e'~_p.i3J~ delimi.t~,cln :ptl'I~ .me1':tJJlbt"an.:a. [~·[a~]:r:i,a'ttca._. elOn~ti'~w.~.~e 11m3 de .ma:biz aO'lmf-a". ,ii,~. eom mo16cuilla..a· e Ions dj 8 s ol yi.do'S.. ·Como _ ha grand .. _po'b:re:2 de e lli ·..... _~ .. ":-d.I._~ "'I '-~ ..... :;>;; . ·""'mbran I!.. ;II, ""';;'·.u·O!j,"" 'e1l "'" '" exeet :i.olLlL~. JI_;IJ'i:I1~ ~.~,~ ",,=~,JJ. b'~.J..1. _ 11 a~~~ _A.'~;~!'it;i:'~U ,,~I,::, riIDQQQU,m.a~':j!'q:ue .n~o Sa'l:); if::lIIV'QLb~.P;H~ me;nrihflaLna ..
plJ;a~arinn1te~,
~,
s~rn.ple's ,e ~m]j:n,,~nd.e
IEJ.~
""
,a:..~]_do
:ribo:n:t1cl~ico tl·ooS£.i]\illlool .a~d_ad.o,~. pI\O:r.em~,. sruiOO IDesp:l_~$L.vebj, pel:BJ Hin:tel!e' de :p:T"ihtei.I1~&~e. uma 'nlo:Fe~wa.,~ DNA ~'ci.dln,,deoo,nciibo.nliLC]~ic[)~ cil"culalj, ~·u ;putew.ii:'ill geil~h::~j .fiil.nD:~ .~!lie'gia!.t~ denlamimid.l]h fill.U;}'ooi,~e.•
entre· tl.il ~.O~iOOl mD.cnlm.eizDS d~ clithu)9'!.m. ru. mieelas g~ :mao·tem iBm. 1~EIlIUbu]t,e: 'e !='rrli:ttoo ~'ll,fim en:to, ,0 m.ovr. m_mlltil 'b1.~i1wnia.mO', gra~~Slg; a _m::-'BP~~U eDtID~ as JllL'teEmi~ e·I:il. thn~aa,de: ~U~, car-gas el~tn~3;s! Fe;nommo 1e9,'Le respo.rn,sa.Vtel :pffi~. es;~lhlsrle ~ :!Sfl:lU~~ ~tiloida5.s.!"e:\Ii;~l];~ a :preci ~H3.f;3Lo, e:~~1:PQiai'lti:Il~e.3de suas :p,arlillfiuLl~. QLi!and,o, as mieelas e~;1ti:verem.l~~msep~radas p~La!s .. mDl~~o;la;s' de Sgtm'! dlz-se q,UE! esil:a 1'].0 estado ~O~.;
~eDB-Oes: yariand.o :mtet~iulll cOllD, ~n!~;i-st.!n_eiJa~la'IinDsa~ e"SJba·dio· geJ~'O ~16]a~ '~r.an!ii;m ·en~ (I .e~1£tdo ~··e iIi '~sta,tlQ> :solj. .~nr6me:tlu chamsdo .1."~,~,~!.iia;i A . ",""",I"", ~ ·C~· ., ,.!ll ",hoi; 1, .. -t ' " ;pJ;3.n,'!.:· :pe,,[,,h~J !;Jill (:l'IlJI.;!.lua.s:ma e -m;:us 'lliuscosa _]eJ:nhranclfi l!1'ma, ~b!lttIla ltl ou.e·, e-~'t31t1-,t) g;el,. aeumparrha 8. .ffilf:IJ;embr;a:ll:a_ s~ndi~ ehamada
OO.::.~ -,iStS· ::mciA;:elM 1E!>~lteja:lm:JL .P:~I[Sitj~ 'UJD ~gf:'n~\~1ll~:i:l~2a{!,
em:1tsisl:i@"n ia .gelat~nos~., -AB, p~tkl!.llaa (he ~lt1~ .e . cllalTllad;a!:3 .mi~l~$j ·[[[Um;. ,uui4i,de't :aJ.p~sentam
e ,~
,Otll
natLn~~a.
Re~J·,:llIJ.. de
I .:I
r:o,~iio
.M dmn~
jf:liiu¢es me'~',]i~
clepim.dlem. (]I;e
o ei:t[)plaBma ~:El:tl cfUlg'~ilbUWln ,de k~ e,fj.mp~u"a:imelltn£ h3r~ico~::: 0, ~'itosoI ,tl,'ue loo,rre9pilliJ.,ae· a um p],13:Sma, come~polld.eodo 3 urn
:r:f[H;rl~, de
IC:r.:HJrp~~,g.:l',\I,litllIoCOS
'•.~~
1'...... _
......
~.
1... Ciril!0se
,
'D··'"',......._·..-·i:iit'L'Jio.ii<!5l.... ...
!l:;.L!LULU.I~U
~LtllL~
,.;T,,..
":!'~I
,~.
""'....
,.~,"~
j .-.
m:i.crom:M)J~ntQi~l.
do ciwooJ~. j.'e~r(Ji.l~te.~,
eontr3.l~o
-
des
"'"i~_..-"",,,,,I;,.... "' .. ,....,. "', ""'1:"".,........ ii.......= ~, -,;/'i;~""'-~"".~,-_ ,'" . i ,;a ... , .... Jl~._~_",~,: .~·iI,UUi.t,=LIJ1~JIl.!!J.U.l. ~. "".Iii;;" iiilFJO;Ji Ui:!I:,ILIt:::rJl~i"O;;::![',<JIilb,W obi. .~ !l,J..Lrl~iLiI.iL.!I,l!.U.
em
baix.as
CThe·
A ,eilYlfit~ ~ e'Viclelf:llte
(:'111'lJs'~'tleT.,mdo
e;mJ,
'cQtl!.kq
6~
t1.'OOrp]as1h1J!.3
'!I;
'V;t;lti.WJiIi lh ~=".
dl:I s:n,~
.d!,
q,l]:~
~~~
:poue
c@l.'tll1b" ,~.a rn.B!ltilita.lJ!a plasmatlea, .' 'm .., (tiDt:li!:j<rV'ax' l:Ii, e!~~"ose'. 1:Iiili :t~:'!I.[!t[I\jj~.'pm
1& ==,
'b,il'Stoii:!1te re$.tr;i'I~~.
el$pa~Q
upadu
'Vegetal~
pe'] u
~d,e.\l_
'F....~,;;-~'If.::'!
ii,i[letm,a
,ll(ilUnl~r.~.'·aile pru:"la:[0t11'aS-r.
~_~ •.•,;';; ioo .... .....:;l;..... -J!~ ,~.lli:I:u. 1!1
,~
'I,lb...
,.;i,","
,~.,'1040
.n.
"';:;;!I.ro;,.~U... '1oJ4.9
"".,.,j=E<o .. ,j"",";""';
$iil:.wl~~le· en.t1'l~ i]
,n.oentanto
SBtQ:P.~ ,~ ~ruti'fitliU
e: ,o:tl)e,n.taLdu.,
".. ,SJllml!dJJS
,Pa.reda- ~tJ.glBtr
b)
m.e'n:k!r~ I~ ~1~, ~lills tr]hIl1"anrre 3 ,di- vi. ~~O ~elu]~~f~au ~ ·pseud_6,[1li.'D.dos ,~ ~Uln.'o 'ID&Se'd_e Siu~ren-ta~3to, dos t~:'!Iitir:O"lliU;Q9 das eeh.i!-
Ias
m.te~:bnaiI~L
iiDi!e1t"medi!jloj,og ~.
_~. ..,,~ ~],' D,e
E l~.' 'J,(;II.O:3,
flbun'euibils
d:e.
IiSeud~i)d~s., Ooo,n;e em, aJ~ pl'fjtd.zo.~~Ltj-os, (.ameb3!Sj e' ern algumas ,~6.luJIas de p~;m::i.rae'hll3tfe9
cia_
clos d~osso:m~. -
eel.'u.bu:~ re,s".:s:tenilTiia a tet'lBi.o., 8M eir.iltim~ ~ L'i-adoo ·:a.p.ellla~ ezn "~al1iliSmOS" ,p'].ttri6elm a:res, PMLim-:ipa.iM'i pf.fr:" ex,e:nlpIo~ ·ds rorma;~o
--
MQll,:Et ::ll]. ]embra:F' ,a$ tl'a:f)}~as'a,e uma ooflla, com, 8·a 12otu. aJIE! dia-rme~ni ",,~-umem, P~f.H!.ls
,":'11.=
l'M~,mi~i!.~;lLlul.'Ogti. ,
r,~]~"
Ol'g-a~.'lfl!2;iRllM
~m' Cil~-mLi:tg}~
"',;oJ '~: (..:e
. ill,
,es'b'11.'t'1U"i3
C(iI,]tIfMil1dO~]]l~!§il - --"
regist_e:n.-
~rq
f*':rmI.::Ai::i
u~"p!lHl':s
ce'" [~rohI'trruio 'W!]]_ ~~lu_diDho odleMlrri,ge-r3:Dte, oom UID va.o cen~311 CtW IB',~_~5nm de dli;'IDe':~~ .~anlo~,n~ti.t'u.id,O;S pa,r uma ~otei~
fiat
e ,3i.'~ua,ml ¢Hmo'base' .. p'3ira Iq1il:S' ~mLot!il:r_ POlSS3.m. lIDJ!~,v!er 'es .. "EtD'tUas, ',ee;}u]ar,e , ,S.ai~,~~eiaPOMAve~], '~O'f ~:em,P .'6., 'pew ml;'Vilme1ll:~o. till.e. o1]J]]~e fla.ge]OS~pela .'~,rnU~L~t) d[o .f1l.])~al'lli.b'1tlCG' ((Hie'fits u deslo~w_en't'Q do~ -cr-o:mJ).sf:U}mO~' ~ dvs '~e'n~ c~lul~s),
liil'iD1a!:~~
] l., ~'~_., • . ,• Lu •
£tj[~s rlgi:jo,
,i- .. ~'~
._
ICitoesqllif!lete.
Cimpl~mtitleas: ~ R'ibassn'D!WS,
e I~ttu-O,"JW
&liculi!J1 BJUltJp:lalfJmalii:o,
BihoSl_sO'm:O'riji,
,(tHoeequ,e]"e'to
m 1!1:~'d:m.la,,~~, d,e,!;!: Iu:c':aJ.m ell,to ~mf_"BEium~B dw:"3t.m.'~ ,1_ dj,v],sM ,celww:t ~'r:g~a.:t~, d38 Uf!gan~f3iS -meml:nr.~,[llOgJ:aS.
cent E";R9,if&(ji,
,amEib6iide _
d.~!s
pela
,pOE"
·~itue'.l:S.(~.u.,e[·a,'t'Q .It,
~{)]!l:9.i
"!i,il'ifliro,m;un,eB'~£J~1l.:rllHjm,eJD.rt:~s
,m'te:~dliiri()~,
T:.uido
:~1ast-~s.09
N7a~ ,c6lwa's,
Ft)ca~,Uldb~s1
mi.t0c6,ndr:ias: e
c:oe.llcien.'ti~ el~'ad)Qn'bes,
:fj.lmsso':llin~ ,sM' dj'j. l~~p!ll ~7ilSj· (8 :;;;;;' " de, gedi.~.eil.ta~lol~ e:, nas el!il.tlLliEils
do ti;pa '-4,8=OS~'_
.~) :irtd,e~,ento:s, ,_, g~O e~,tUT9~, filfIUa_,., ·eJ;a~ ['}o;l" 'U~A~ ,P'l:'~lte::llla c:fua:mad':l ,3Jb.t:Wa! I::QIm, ~'tt~i de 7nm, idle diAtne~jjj~ poa.endo ~Ixi$blr .OO(m~1 sim,:pl~ ffi]mne~B'i fal"J]j~dD fe~.e~ .eu
e'~etfUnL~t:J. ]list.n..ttul"killm:e]:i'L~
In;ilitm.id~d,es~ l..:iiJfia. "menOlt- e l]fnl~:9L ,~il1; unem ,D,IO illn:fJci,~ as, sJrites~ prtlbM@.,
q_~
~e
_:,~,
R;mcu'l'D .E:'l;dt:J.p~~m.6tj,'ca'
E13truJh;ma; ~i~te:r];l2lJS li_p,tl:Pl~Uf~ :i.C;,i3j,iS~, .:hl t e:it'·c .~.~(::~,:a.~a.,~ o ~ ,fiO,l"]]]~u'lrdo, uma :m"I®i;]e'. membranosa. rill ialterio:r du cttorBoI. :l{uda de· fb,n.lll3: eonforme .0 estado futILI.:iQnal da ~·hil,@J~, ~FlIDiI!9ie's~
'C~;tit.ui~au
Cu:~tste
:OiillJ1
eo'I:UUl'ltll
d~'C-a:~\l
~[cu.llM
'1(11;1
hlll'i·'fl3::.
S ~ Q 'to:r:~Z3J.dt~~ p,!ru' .m.,{!-l,fi,eul as de· ,!,,~ bonuele ()~pr~l~eb:tal!l. seJs._. RN".A1: (&ci.do au .ribUQUf~Mj~o :fi1b(l~~ica, - c~·e~,de' 6~% da massa do ...ii~J:l~~gom.o)aSJ~ocl::irl'O a pr.;CJ.teittM (ceres. Itle dl1L,q(den:tn. t:lpOS1.
~t)g·~intil:lim. mai,Uil"£:~) :ti,s.~ 'oolru:u: p:rm::ariOm1'llie~ s-. s~ e .1ID~te!Ol~ 'es;!:.<'9!S exp'[o:rauM c;am sneesso pela. :r:n.effidn~ .. .t~b.i.6,tioo;g, C():if~]U 8.. ~tr.--aJciefu'la. ,e' jj[ ~
'O~ riho_tlmtm,
dH~l'EMn,[[u.~rn:~ tamanbo , ac
e·
ea:tliElpto-roidma
.
1Ca:n)t~!~.i~tical1t= Oa; r=jlmssOllnll.$ 1l0<dl.e:~.aer encmrlLtrades idle d.~ fm:mas~ .31) :~esl nn il]Ji'ituso:~flO:mlanii]o 'i::O~'ln'j'Ws, d~':
,ad.endM
p:~·o·&e:f~ de .•,~po,rta{!a(1~(parr~ i
U~()~D~
'4~,:f '~~S1 :~i.g.3dna: PO]· '1!mU!. :5.'t3. de RNAm (m,e,rus8g,ej:r-o.J ~libm.1:d.a· us [p1lIlfis.;
,3.._
,e: do
fu'I''a.
da t:ellillaJ e
;a'f.n:)~sU}m.~
'~~p~m1 aro.;oIlJde.
do
·[g~.fJ
~j.v.re!;-, e~i.~.a o
.em qt~.e sm.'t~!ifl2a:m '~,reln,&S,])ffl'3 US~~in:t~ ... · indo () :re'Hewb: eJ]d:~]iph.:su1!at'IC~ :l';u.~g,
fi._~l.;,~
oo!I ~\IIi-""'!Iu.I~_~~~I~,
ll!J1 nJ1:_R~
,aJ.
Gri1w
'fim
de.
~FYCie(m.
~t:'1"e't3d~_
COiCJJ:gtitu.~
.e,
AD il..,~.",,~",.; ,""""".j~,p,i," 6 lOP ·Jh.· ~""'Iii' a'~~ T;i" .. 0"" i'ii«~ lLfJI,..._.l!J · ..:t""~·~~[:I;~aa' ~':;'r' .l=io:i:ta~~o·tl~,,caU sej;a~.lttrIL1_~ set~j) $'er1i"ei1lada~. ela p
I~~
d,a;.
n.enj:!~~ln iO:8.~ e
deno_rm~dO
~lWfa..·
Ind·~rrn~
Vll.~:~~~.J
o~;]."ibo~o:m,C!&~.Q
'ltRlc!J:6oh.~'I'
'mig;in.adn~ ~ partir
d,~
!3
REt!~uliJl
J-~i~
5ubu n Ida de
mah:J'll'
Ut. :E;; AJ
. Sem
~'l!'],]nl!J~s\,
~'i,d"
';,J •
I'ib.6~SO·j]1'Q£
Sub~nid8d·emnenor
'I.=~-I
29 nrn
~~
Sjrnr.tllf~r£o d
I~OlO
.A:Pl:e~eillt~1 ccimo, f1!].I1I:~{i·~ ~ ~.IrnlutMe d.'e· liplm·()~ .(tee.i:tirtOlL e crii.,esme!J.llol. _p~w ~~e[[i_plQ)~ :!rintMe Ide MirHlilt.iU!o,s ,es;t~l!i.'des, (hunnr).ui,M HeXn~i3'i llte~to£~.~ e· I~S~1l.0'"t Jl~[)t]u:rl.d!lB nas (n.3!ball19 de .(f~{0'1:1cn:ic'a,ca;h pe.la~ ,~lu.Ias do fig~;ad,~:.! que, pode ~ar t~· a dht'B-~~. rlrtlg~·~) ..
eslr:al'iih$
'oolertb:1e.ia
~:BJJ!1zaJdo
mill!1!:n" 'P~riOO dO$, ~poS'~.oS' org$ieil.s)I,~ ,reY'M"t]rl3.:ii pm' membrana Up'(fpr~'I!L~3.. cliige:~
.'3,
~aIi3'&i ~31Iile'nte ::\1!~-erJ,omda,das!J 'Jriepiems: de enz.i~~~ ~!lDliillnllitie3Js. (~"o emmecid3JS ,~. '~J::nu de 50 'lipO;9l de bi.dr-nl~eg C.um, p.Qoo-~cllsl~d.M'e'p.ara"
v;~~~
cttO:p'lt:lsma'ti,Ca!..9,
a'ii}
'i:&)rlan,I:ul
.(~11 vol'taiS·
8:iin ,oo'rm.~dl,q,~,'pe'}Q aoi."g;g,U$ 9 (Hl'llta" Stt~J!;l, 'BnmnM, s~n p'rllJd'iu~ul~s:pel!£) ll,.E ..G. ~ ~Olld.U.:ddlH, :P~iii a C(u'lflrp,['eKfi de GO']~j f]illd.e' ~~u ettV.e,]crpad!u
b~~otn:os
~~~
1~.e'mb.t'ai1a). jliili",3
~io.r.itlLaE
es
,P~lO<$_
P·lUii.'ffa.(i(::
R:e]Mllf~]:ltatt1 ..
~e
.rtlJlti
p~D~esso
(]te.
di,g.e.gtla
A~
:m'tr.;~.e.h.1i]an~
C en sdd tu i (('0 :P'Q1!" 'v.a rt o,a. eeuj U.E,'~IO.s il1L'terl~.elo~· de, J~:icuI.[¥~aehstados ~ come .fof5~enl
~.L_!.L~L;I
~"""'"'T'".......
r-
1"""'" !J_-.l~
,•
m'''''~;,,'' I.!l!",~,\""
s .~~
1;.J1J@"-!!.A_;.!'a"'
;!,,,,,, u~
'~n~!L',jl"l'ol!i,ji ~~Cl,
ou giQ.I:,gi"o~~omJO~, ~'~= b~ .~ 11.' .Ji. ~~ .s,~'~' :l;_iJJ[}.on.WJ:J!]~]l'~ .!IJlJ~fJLn:I~3!Q!.OSlJ-I'Ul'Xl.1:n(_JS~ an J'J.'i!l~e[~ e all! ~;1f:c1!1l.o eoo~pJ:m~m~~fo.
.1.::" ·IJLIJ:~-'I..r-I:i'.n~
'I:\\. ~ =,iIi"'';:'6oi:!l~
chama .. ri),'I:];!!!
d1,di~D'mt)s
.;:m:l'tr.lrr.i!tl, fli)W· de. origem encl6~:[1a (da pli'6.prta ce!'UliRl.~,! f~'.ita,~::3'!;l' 't;l'I['b, aUIBfagiJa l~l~ur1l'e eom "0 orea-rile 1. as ,e umc as m.:i'~O'C;e):rtl1cltd: . s O'11l {i 8 a ,~mp}a~'~.sl ciu lailld~'i cnm O-llll, ~,§']jJ;mcl~ d;e;
j,
Se a :~at~,~·.i:"a~ aer d1gerido filF de, ori~m, rat eX~,g~Q {f~got:~.t3,df,l Ott .p-'ilt"Oci:'~a.dOdo ,mei.. ~ 6~m6}. ,a.-~g,~s~ ~t3'r.~, mil b,eter,oI3Jgia4·~eli"~o
~16tt.Q'~.
3;
'S,U21,19; Jl1D,~ij,es' ,~~t,au 0, ,e· 0, ~ 'e--mpacot31Uli:e:nj:.W'J! Ide ,pl~oteJnalSlt. ,fo.f!D.3L~1i.o IUD ~JU:f\O~JSomo,idoSI
::n:~.eDto
,]j)en.'LI!'!e
as
$o:'El:r~W.iVe_Dt~_ ~]_Wa_ &I.',~~-~_s dJ2Q,1[e j1Mrl~' dl3.. a C!ill:ida, ~, eapas de di;i!3§tIw·e ~ms,~ !ps,Set1i.S, COIl>$'t~.'t.uin,toe.5~ ,g;~arn,m..dfi uma ~~,o:,~o ,cii.e, suas estEutD:IE!3iIl:l" Por {H.l1f;~,. l~])!! 'J,CllLla Vel;, Q (ii.!~:'-f~ams,mu Iprlv,3Jdul de ,~li~mel.tOO\. 'bendo ~bdM: ~W!tS, rege::n-as·
en~~~th:$,. eomn ~~b.'a~,gi:.1· de, ~(lhrevJt9.§:O&--U
p~.
~~mm~em
~I
prim,~oSi~ ,w'~od~io. de, :m-di.caiis,gue'l:iicos' is, pFUte.~ .. gll.oos-tla(t3:Q, ([JmdI.~ g-lkopn~D;3$}. ,E! , de gH~llllipJ(ti~·,gH~siIa~~)!.~m'cese·
de, ,p~ac3trid.~
(f)lJtf:I(L$J
,~a~
vegeWs~ f~~'
f~~aD
"da ,llMn~·
a~
medi;ll, oolul~
lkO$SC!f"IIil1,iH;
iOg,
~~u];os
de
dJg.e.Fel11,pmteg ae. kit n!JJ~~> 'p.o:~l1an~ol,~ , a a'Utntra~a 0x.erce' ~o pnramente alimentan 01;1, d~J.].mp~~ !E\ 'J'EmJ&lill!:afio ~~ltrl_ . CaSQ os liOO~itt{.1~, deS'tiuam ,~, p.1I'6:p.11ia C~h'lLb.~eomo eeorre. na regre.s.g~JO da eauda do
g:irlt~!O ~t.lItl lL1a 't::r3.fig:~,~a[~o
~'lllj'
I~
'Vi~ibrud..ad,e·,
,eri~6r:i,tM relm"cl'~a.
,8.'1ld.:6li1se.
,i:L\
e 'O~~'il!ja,
,~"",,,,,,,,,,,",,~ar;"",,,,",, P:'.)~~a~r'LJ!!
.Jll[-~~~.I;.'UI~t:r--!~~1
~""";IIf","_
til I:j]:cO!t'PQr8~.3!O Ide ~Ub~truldL1:~ po~' mg-oci'~o.se:· ~'(J,u [:;K~fieiiJooe; 00:ti11. f(JUlliil,U@ Ide. 'v~ru11,:. IJn-.. ~w,v.~m.e.lLIi'~.
-
• ~Io
die urn 'I;IU, ,lQ,i1J;is Ui~Hl~~jnae pril'ilirias cam. u ,fag'Qs~omll 101,1, "0 ,p'j.l1~OfiltO~ ~ue 8i1.tT:a.,en],· atl,v-idard[e digeHt],t'~ .~e:ndo ,~!"a. cll amado Iisosseme ,~ecULt1dru:io ern v-iHLcuolo ill;[ff.li St\'llIllO,: • -"'Uma. ~iiMl:",r'~" 'tfl.'lr'n.I"~~at"'da a dl,b"" ~li'" '1[Ui;~~,;1;0)0 .as ~~'~bgMmi n .~ !t.: ... l ,~~
somo, ~tLn:mandU;'8ed;'\{p~]iv~s
." ...., " r",.;.... '".,. ;,.;;j;,. ". .. -" "' C:rc!!!l 'IdLLttE~,<Jf!L'IiSl.·'il'eS~arm:iill.
iu'.,o;""
:[lQ
~.'oo~w.;
~1_
Jl1~i::!i~'
,p_e--OJIlatlMi:Ciem
'vamiolu ,¢l1igestiJ,vQ
:aJp-b~ ~
.0' .bo:m'b!UlbaDlel1to
(IOClge:l.llitWl,
da '~o
• Em. alI~~
ifJrMI·,
0, CO'!'P.O bn!J.ill8
itr.ie9.\dl!l8.1 sa ,M1.rle·
sobre
fer]me:.li1'~(t resill'~,
eln ,~
bact!l!fi;aa,
oxigf"-J:uo.
Ouuas
~OS!
p.F ,exQcii.~
rii1
cJ~mlf'il:~do, G~liIjst:-luow d.ro~Grl~Q··,ooJ,tt~EiIllI;}; d~ E.rnLm.tt1[i~M oe~nlaa:dB:..m"ekaznru:wa, .ha: aeumti'Lo de '~G'~' m:~dd!lJjmS" '])0 interior do eitu~l ru5.1"l"U.., Em tid u]£IS CfJmO ,O~ 'nt¥W'Onio~~,
~p:E!:tih;H~Off 'e' ,(i~Ta~ ~3j'd:r;a~ag! lir~~iJSl I~O~'
cu
~;t;@ge
(fm;tomeurm
ioolaim~ e. a d.esinb]rxi'c''8l~R~' 0:I'ganfea te.i'ta '~j:Q([' lexe1l1JD,lo\J;-pe.los p.-erm...issmnGSI; .d0.S he,~tdeitoHl que :~le'06:liea)fi,)e:m sUbs&!}D~i.~~ 'm"~ttjl:1Sagr.e.sB~va~ (m;$ h., ou m:el1l:~~ 25.[;rt de Iil~,,{)G'1 jtn~i:d.Cj, ,~, pe1:iJ8 d~W~dad,o :J.n;~lo.~X.L.,}+
IG'I'" :if'n,~;E'I'~'O(" o'itI;j"iii!f'I;,S' '.. ,W;'U~IC"CJ(.Jlg;'U:_·
jllf"i ...."'"''''''. '
tttet~oliKaIl1.lo
:mJ:1:5 bebid.~~,
.~j
,~StaLllte~
!het~.a
e.
U~JI..o
l3!:tn~~io dos,
mam~~ilgm;~; ~rnr'~leulploJ.
E;m p'rot'Qlzojri~~
'UlU' 1il1'QI'
~p:r0s.(IDtam
'~r~-'~~,
III[;~~.·.
.;
d~ pm:,rilij,sSQUJlD.!£!,
e'!li<['n, "tl""'m.
..... ~
!ll!!'!i13
'11~~S]!Q1l1¥-a:~i;s :~~'[jc~f\ s,
p'-el~,
-
1~1;;,.~t:i.C!.1
$C'lDH~ntm;)"
In~',..,'J'\I'Pn'
'~e
~rag
I;Oi1T~ern-~l'i)
aJ~wm"eit.~.d 8 0
at!
~.fi1'Y..J_ ..~
:'n:r-"lliLl~i' U~Ulal
'O~im.,cia::. Eim, ,~elll[aS' d,epl'O'ti.8,tBlS,• anlmais e de 'v~taLis iDiE:r:kn'ea,. Eistio ,:9il~UUes n~' c~luJa~ de. 'v,~'ca.isJ ~l'iO~OO.,
:Li)u~!llt2~:iQ;'
p:u
en.We
'Em ~]uLsu.$ anh1'JJHi5J!' na'I1Da1nqe:rtlte~ hEIJ urn cl!e ~entDotoo (diplm~mm,us.) 'pe~rpendtr.::l]JaEe.~
$[
e p:oo,~m,(li.$do
fj,J6.c:]E;:f:J.
-rniC!rfunet~)~ '~s'S0nt~
6'u:cariOJ1]m~~L,
~~·u~i.J
d:e
,~tt;o
JM;}'r de
ue
,':W.'~
~.", ~,~
~,"<l:.11".]
~,iI"~:~ .:
.Vo,'., __
........... ;,
,~.dQh1·mmGntQ do .:pG~'l6Ddo,.d~ IT[dli!Jgooiti H~O'!2- :F1ul'ini1~"1i;;!l; Oi~ ~:gua Clixjg;ana'irh~,)~d~_d 0' n nm ~ p~rO'xi8:som~~,
'--'~&I!I
Fu 'Il ~'a 0
IC,g n
ai s.'t ~
i~[]mn ~
111 0
O_:!1I!h~ Ib'J"]]lil:dt~ em 'ila,riM l'ea~Qes bioqruimic11ts eelalares (J>ilI"' ~W1ip1Loi' durante a d}e;gr,t'ldn~ii!Q d,e gii)r-d,tlI'a~ e ·aminoacici.os), O~O i~
t;em:po:tlto
F,r;}tm~os"clli~ fU}S ~[]~g,e~QS hXl'rpo ha~U B onemtam a [mma~Mdo :f1l1S0 a:eJ~t..reO d,1ur-ml1e ~ Idj;ri~n {lelula.r;.
ffiCl!~9TIledeeompQ'Si~~o' Ooot--re"M p.reae:n~ die Jm'ii!.a: 'e iL"Il,Z i.~1$1: ;t;:.:h., m,a ~,a, '~,9Jt 3l~,a~,el~I~-D r.lr'f!.i:d ~ _w,),os
~~~(I1(:1~.
seT
d"E!'~XH]]POstO;.
:2
,H2O'2 =:.
.PLJ18WB'
S:a.o
ChtpOiB];~
,o~l:ula. Os
diaeoid.a·~.B
ve~tWi:l -.5'f -
,e -
p:~oott~!!1li~
I'~'
de
"~~'mfi-
sadl, VilE!'J-diaf!i~
~om 'tPl'led.o:ttrimID
·Cl.• sslific~io
da c,iJlo((~a~iiO es 1'1~ .sat] iliV'idido5 em: IfH'.lCO:p;hwiiO's iE!i a·t:lJm.olll1utDs.,
], •.LelUtMJpia5ih:ws;
acUm:tlL]@ de: ~ubs;mndas de·
fu~o
'Os
plas'~~: san
fOL'tr:ta,dl.O@l· a ~
'pJ;::u~to~.
~ cap:l%ci.~~deM:
I
loolllhll__s;Wh~1
~.r:v.'3::.
"";::! .,;..,....
!!.ie.!l.9Jl..ll.o[ll
0000
-...
m~_ison nltinQ~metadc
I!iim];8nl
-+
II
= divide ..
,",,_'"
a~ duss
dtiS- ,r:loiil!poh~J~~
:r,est~.G{)em:
. _.~~ __ 'I il}ji
JOV'~'l1:S ~]'esbem~ es
plli.sf-.rJ.&
a.m'IDda.;Urhca~o e
a).'am'_U*JaSt¢l~, -
da, h8.t8l:t81~
·Oa(l]:s:idftt"e~se ainda 'qu~e urn p.~ 8J.g,to p-6rl~ 'b:m..sfillrnlai· !imJJ m!lItrtl~ Oli pla.s-toa :sali) ,IDnllaJJi,OO
se
,Iffi[
.lfp-€illos,001110na
eiPid~e
d~s
,C'lomplas:to$'
lu~d~~" Kln:porta"nc],a:. bio]o,g1.ca H tambem os mais ·-:fl.ECJltl.e.nte'a.. Oa !~101:-1Y~.astos.mais comuns tl!m Jbmu:a .d,e! urn disco ,aJdlaiado eem eomprimensc v:!J.I:'.i.aod.o ,E:\ITll\',-e ~3e
d·e
t
2.
CINj!,m.opiI91l1trnSi
S3.,_tl; pi:~tr)s (J}lJ.e aeumulam :p_[.Wile:8llio~:, It}g~o ~ol.Qtidoii1!~ realisam tbrwssinte!j;®' O~ pjgm.entos; Ie· mais 'imnortantes .sao as ,~ten6;ides ·8 a c!lD-raf:iia,
.t,"
S ao
as Ijl'[~'J5~,
te
4}~JI!L.
O~!bcii~;; ve;rL~1l"tel~ia.O'g ~Enl a~~· 'Pl'Otm~~S ,~ no 11e[11l0 PlmmiB. Critl\GtIen'Osj p.o:r eI.Xemplo, ·:apoosem:mm. ear 'LQ~:;al_li~i:I!l-;&~tib e~hJl]~\S d!~ JJ:~re~ V'~L,;]t:~, dos!' a~ar,~~Hl~'Ol'l v~ln'H'?lli~ (() ·~g(Jt~(I]o· I~ prel.-U:r~or -vi'~.ifU\li ~~)~~ ~~J:lkl,~5"I!l$. 'v.e'~'t!itaisi exp.-o_st'A8 .iIl l'U2M :pl'lnci.paime:nte. :n:&a: folhas, ~i1~ am~l~das, .3) :~.Q:.e.'fn::am:r .v.3ri.adi~~ ~d.eEl~ ;tl[fll Qt. dn_~a -.·P;\r··e~lu,ta. - (ai;lJ:"dI~ru, dnrofHas .~i9 OSm~]S htl~' ~rtan:t,~ p~gm~l.~Q(s.. Apm:ve'ita:IU a en&,;,· b v,ege-tais '$,trPeJ1iOJ'\eSl - podllarm. ~e~I'e~![r!or.iro@ t ~a. Iumineea do sol, 0 que tl·iw,rma.tdl1a!i-'.ov6lJd.es d~iiclaiSl m;ti,en.t :f'Ul,"ma d.e clava, 0' v,w, pard a· :I"eali zallf.\[iQ do, f!l).toos:fn~se, .A 'WJjumel'Q ·e oollsbmw pm'~ 'COO9. t:ipo eelular, · cl6rnfila: A 't~!rrll~lI["- '~'rdt'l"'~'D!]~d~;r J~()ltt '(fur:.. :[roew:do v,~.riar conforme S,8 ·Deo~d~Q~8. mula CllJj~~I7'2.0'~IN4·:goi ja. a._.'cb)"tofil~ H, , 'em..w~di~ll~ "~~,'fa, d~ 50 P~}~ ce~;uta;:na. ·~a~· ap~'lil ME''~'eril,e-.am:lmlSirlae fr6t'tnth[a ronl1a ca1c1Llmw,...Jie q ue h:i. 40i:tOtuJ' .,clorop~:~ 'CDS,I~~OBN:4l\fg!, tes "pur nlml~ da ~li.petfl'cie· de. taiba.;' '[[run 8J"'-' . '~I~ [[' H C'[o:nrp\l,~I:jW1::i: ""1Jitll;ll' '~lkUm: fiPl··i)J 'OO\lJwF. 1~- -'i - --I -£~J , ~ VOC&:pod~ ~~5·~ta:r~ cemn ICtui~i dEiJd~~ '~ ·it ime:rst)R. 'no ti~_Q·:~~ .A. dliii!l.po:si~ na ~luJ.at. ·ron·~.~Ctiin.3. ~ro~tJfm.].ae' ~~.n'!l]~e:~te d.e s-em,e,'lh:nil,t.E: ,~Qtle va:rialr em ['tUl~~ da .hu :solar. PIOif' a nu~l~;(..-m~. b-e:mugla~. IDj[fef.e[tl em 1~18J~.Q dB ~em.plfll, lIB!;S'folhas de ve.gehtis· S,llperi~IIf\BS! i'V~m,fJIcen,tr.al: na ~Q'1Mila '0 'magJl_e~]'o. e~tUulta ·,~ljmlua ,!Solar ·rnm.rtWVtl intensa, ~8 'Id~pl ~S'!tgs. na h€!ID{l(g,lCJ-hi'na~ iF.\l. 11 fm"fQ~ .ilicam diIPO:erlrOs ..p[iU':1ilela:IT,ru~mte a m,e:m.b-T8fullJ. ~ ateral (ooDsijde.:['a~8~ t.a:o:a'bmn 'litw El3J ~oU"mS=· ErnJi :funy:ii,tJ ,(hi eol.m·.~j_A) ~ lEPlQ~ n~oclel:ili1SBJ," ·bt~08i pe.lo. clclose); a. fonnra e ,,".miku:l~te!5piira;-· cIa~[ficados cm:lr:JLo:: .~ acl~~!ll' ruga $'}.piroBYM~ l~rr~jetd:aros nas I~!§"iIllla aJ ~ib;opl~rros·, emn pradcmtnio d·e ~mv~· nWA~d~ 'vegetals giIJL]leci)[J'i.~s" cl:~p,jrl ,e ~ f~F'nJ18~ ~!.'mdQ ]llastos vermelhos; .ma e8:t,:m~laiila .l'lta, alga. Zygn,e',nn; J~
,2i.'iin~.:rr~l$d~ alarfi~ja.da
Otl
an
.;1;."",
~~I
I~
W~,.h""
·~51hl:-UHl-~'~11!
~lumQ@i1;eQ<.
.... ":B"
~.~:p.e c to
,Ar)
OQJ1~At~r:'
a) r:e¥e~1;icl.Q~· ':po:r tliJiftl'Jl3. d.u;pla., Itiend).r.,~na. jipoIl~OiMIj.C'a. oom ,~eq.l!lffi1Q' ~pa90 le[j.~~ ~ela&.A
j]:gos.:
~p t' g ul~~·II.'trifilgatJio, fO'~ i!I-n~QnlJ'.a_ ~. CC!'mp~~ili~ar:lique ' s~JiiUG: })'~~}tc-irr~~, (eO%- (lu, :iJ'G8Q,sooCJlj~ tip:fdi,Oc$, (.30% !t:J'I],.peso:;l1l{t~o t!.aJ'hg1dr~:tos" pi\gJlTlIlln~lJs (~fu1nic:os 1" -'itmmtila [:!5% a 8%>-dfj :peSo- ~ooJ ~ lCaJ;wtenm,dJes) 0. :eicidos ll'UfllGi~ost
$. ~ p,~.t·,a
d, a $
ee-: __
Co --
- -.-
~ub:"'-- _...
-
·t~sg
'm_B.; de ~m1ime',esUom_9i.. 0 eBt 'OmJI ~ntlem_ .enzinlfQS, :DNA" Rl'fAi ]";fbQ~'mos (s:em,ellian>..··
b<ilJctmas).
e , tilacmd:es ~ '~eeJcul3Js, membeanosse tadas, pareOeI~O moodas!. qua contlelI.\ U mn~.BCuJ.W; ds claro:n]H. O~ tib.c;:mdes mp'afte-· ~B[1;1 ~mpllh:iiJJd:i1l5'Ii&m gI"lil,P08 ·(cBj~WtupQ cha'm_a ~l1£g l;i $~ld[) -0 ,c(;mwjum[) de~te3 gtU.,., p();S cihama,r,}Q~:lI ;( pOl" ,~~mplo," IiH) espi-:na&e ha 40 a '60 gran.1Jtftll l~r c$JiJ(r.Dpmgro~,
'~Q:mce.1:'lCSj, 00' D.~m
'ba8ltQnf.'t~" ,apro8eJ'J.b.J..n~ oomp,ri..nmnto V:EJ;rimJl.d.o entre ~ ~ ~1 e minie:tr.ro eJIlt:re 0,2,;)1, Im, l~t~u]AQ' pre se nt.e a, nas (lelt~as ~u~im1ib~$. Sali)-i'i,~~ms RO' M·.O. 'Bn1, c~l.E :6xada~ e $,'riv~.e:m;p:r·egaTh~fulill:i[!l a.c:l1;;1\~·· 1~1.~j[Jte VJit,a]. ,ehat:nid_~ ~etrd.e!jl;tJ:Jt!i:~~. . vm.1.a:m ~ '_acm-d£l!~jfimH 'IIEcess]clade eUI~rge~Bt da 'l'el.u1o. :P.O'.r eJt'(ill.1p~o!mlq~]autO b~' ~liblucralS . mj.to,co~lm·18.8 'r:tO:tl ~]u:u:o,citQ;sj, g,i.!] enooulr,;f.IJrlas DUtitM d!e;ten~ {i.eillS5 nas .fibr;a~ .m'tliBe~~5 (gr,a;n.aes 'ot:Jruwnid.lJi~ de e~:'.ielr~;·
'1.0
'ciwRL~8Il
,daB :lJ]irocOO:li,driSi;~
"gl:-ailJii1JDl ~'um9_ ~tnrtw:-a ci1i]lddc~cml3titu~· iI<l!;a8. POll . ~acil~· m!l:Hnbr·~n~;, d.l"lp.~Q5upell"-' s P~}£~, :~!.~ ti],aror~_ N·a. '~q.penl:c[e inte~
eada
lw.o.)\.
~sfm:;, eada
num h.'epat6cito pode lla,~.et-' t;e.r-t:aL. de i.,5a~, :nllto~fl.dria~ - '2;2~,de seu vDb.:umecltop:[as,ma.l:iro". :EI.t}b~~~'a :wi:wcunru:ias ,~J{lS1;$;rIr:[1lJI :£liE: d~lloCEII.:tn{~' 1£1,
~:n,'te.i~ r r
'[0 ~ ~li::iH'iu:1:~'~· [[floe:
pa-'·
m.,ediudo 200:'X
A~JtfJSSO:~iI,.
1~.efge·'I!ia]·,!
d.mDrlI'linadas
U~~ d~8POStQ8como l;tidri'UlOS mama :pf;[rOa~. se~:dtQ ronIl1d.er.a~ a m.f;.'"j1iJO(t 'pa1"1l;i'cu[at '&ito$~ill.'~~fj;e8, Cad:a; qlll.a:nW9'Sama. Ciilotero. eerea de 2~dmoleCJIDaIl1l '0 ,elnm.:ffiR, 'em, grLLPJH de
,~iTd_d:riOMa ,atQ
'I!lnl,~.olilu..ia\
de
lou' ~JZep'bor"Js (s-ew-r- 'r.€]~,ci,{)Ii!Ji)rl" a 'tt~nJnill'm.i1~~ da 'en ergia. lurllinaS3, em. 'q;lf[m.iC9,' •.
'B
n.ll.ol~ll'~'
,3) me:mihra..na ,_ -ptJiAt"il.le-m. dll- 'I;a;, -m0MT'l; 1I.ran !;]I de _.,. . .. . . _, . ~_ ~__p __ "",~,~~.I!'d~ _ -. ~ __ ._ .
!l'6Vemmel1ibJj.
]]llofJ\mte'was. .A i~~8 OQ·]};.. .· 'tOO:J, ool~~stD:t;ol~ ]is~...mai ~:pc:mlJil\ivQ.~ it. 'm,·, 'B
Inmi.toeoiu:lriais, e e' me..ru,lS, pertl~,~.'\!'el.mntr-e· a:BT.J.lJ0Sh,~. :!f:!l espam
eb~
~na,~es;
J!i!')
te.~-u,ROO
on
e!t}lM'te:rru_. .3.~eft't8.
'C~81f.as
,int~rn'UE:·rn.b:r,MJat 0'0
6.3;mu·,a
'p~i)tO'iI]~
(.0-
![I!·x.m:m:a1"
1 )~
~:nbrm::l!_;fliuoo'l':r.rn ~
~M
~lai,dim .mi:toc6ndrJa NaIl, ,crWtas: ,e.staa as en, zimas '~p;a:nSav~is p~bu iI!ltap~ OOll:Jis riea iJ;l,
i[\e;spir.a,~-aro elular: c
'c)-eDl\l9s
dL9,
uma !6iwhiQm' e11'i1i'O uJ]td ~~ :eu.~i:~[riont~ ~prlfmiti~ e· ,celtilu :~iFQ;r;~itnlib~;~," kltedita· Sie QlUl' as
"".", r'\'t'"i,«i1 .....~ ..:ol,:~~' , £1~ lilLl~~_D .. :ma"",,,,,, .,."".".~"", ~ ~-~4kLW' D..iLil~
IPrimitivl8l1~
~ 'mc,[uGi:e a~; ·it~~i9 de·-eam.po p,J:"e_S3Jr:l:e1tD: eabo~ localiz::mJHI~e: mos fj_'O'r~,Qs e1emeJJltw~a5. as ,mihzimM q'lJe 'par!., :mite:m ~o ~ugrp~]amen1bo d~ ~metIDa.. iillera.d~ ~'ID :sigtema. 'tF'ruliSlXJlrltadiQ1r Ide eM'b:\mlfi para . iiJ!j .pl"odu¢o Clle AfP:
~ mtG1han~
~1~ta!I,ie5:
,_ 'p~Trtkuja m~'diJijidd·
]l~
umas ,aa~(j'-U:t:r:aIS".
cris;llaJ:~ ~g$tron~
.J'Ji
-wam
iffl!~tr:iiZ :m!ij't~oinDFt~
.~
,0
";]·=~·_~·iI
._ ,:a.£S~1e~
:1'1· la··ge
~f} ~
SmuJ!3~fm'W
''!l~liol(l!~, ~:.
ICQiIJil"ak:T1!!,
'a m~tbrmm
:QIN1\ RNA
1. '\':Rtcti!l)l!iiJ'de
~
tfJlEl.,
_.. -- - - -;Ob.d-· J- t';..,,;;,;---- ~md-ilf'i,-r.:I {.!iO ~:WP,L, ._ '0 q:i!ler a ])---.::11.--. ... 1JT--wJ11,,!!: iO:3I'b~. "St;o 'lip:i.ooSi~le ~lulu ve.getaN;_. A:pa]1\~"i1m
'~}u!!;,am "",,,,' _ ~ ~_'.-'~ _ 1
1''e~~.:~ll'V~is gI'a-'XiO$.
:~eloeielo ,~J8
II#! n'lL.d8lr~
1001
~etu~as;
:gr.lrtdJ·,
n;~mRFiI:) ,~
Mo't cut~
dEi'DN"', MkU.1rr-lOO:!!tlilJmo
l'
IGimplb,snuiti~o ~ v~~ ~~
'totw).,
Looln.n~Efu_JiQl' nas r.6luillas Mult~. 0 vacUoLer ,!§ !ll1:l1r.ito· Igrande' e' P(;.iIp~, qrltllasleL :~ bllt-alUlade do! f!Sp~VO
ia~p~q'W;:no
't~.m~miffilonas
'~err.b©s P]wn~utM e .IfJiiltf~ !t;ub~L§mciai;; Sao TOl3PfJjl ~,~ v,e1 s '[Ile]'rJ! I~qu.]] ibt]1;3
~[trl;a V.~'iWt~
.
(J~citi:oo
d;'l
'Qlfiggt11l
as SU2LB .fu.nc~: --~ ,~w~~e:n'~lm,~D;tcg, (agtull w'n~1' ~l1·r~oid~'~~8:~ :arJ]}in'Q1~el;ij'a;s ~ :pm'tmna3. - !U"(rmllJ nu s{mru}J1t~~d~ ~TVilhQI~ all} fG-·ij:io fP-lllmbem pode:m fr~~m:~m;iI.ar sghstMd~8 'hld~sgj~eiSi Dar,~' ·0 ,c~;t®!Sol tPfJI" 1~P.·~'m u na ~.rmgUl.irillt P:ocil;ID]],. '.d~, :mmianaI [pign1m1!WB (pTIncipms respousiivehs :p~lQS Cn1"8S das itONS ~,·de ,a~a_8j. fb~s:);
,1Ust6·.
j
e'
P:Q:oorooa ~ir -
~.
mmx
~e~p,~!tp ,d_o, lC:it~ol u que faclllta (.1, intf.:!:rt:h[!';bii(J, Cia ~··]:lil~: .~ ,~. '~,~,iBJ] diiil!. I~~gh~ Iuminasa :pet!)::$: cl.(l1ropI~:rH;(~S,
"0
~-~!I--,!_1!fiIlIiI1
1'1<1,,_
~IIL.~
-In"LipM!;k
Mli;!ll~iaimcrmfJl~Sti'~a j~m.ta:a ~
te~;ni~81 l~lCBL;dor.wte~!~
::p~~m
a ter
'Ul;emTIJaB.
Ftm~~ AS 'm~b]~5ndri,~' ~stio ~nvC!lrioo8 eom '0. m,atarboHsm.o ,®R€rge' -](i,O da '~e ala ~ .~3-~'ID.ruQ 1 -r.'~poI1S~vli;]·is, ~l:tlld' 'prOc~81S~ da respir~ra~. o~ruar
~~aSl81jlIlblll~,~te
VACDOLOS
01$· v~i:!u.olo8 silO estnlt1Ji1'la5 ,sru:!u:H:funtu~:s Ipresentes em 'n~.u.imiii ltipoi¥l.eel 'LJJm:r.es. ,A..p.!f\es.~nt8M ~alu_8nbClvar:iad,t,l; est aD. r'eves~~ 'por·1.netni1, ana
I~
Ilud~U$~s
A:s .itn.clu s a es ci'to·pft as liLla t.i, ea S: n,§.J 0 liiE.'p~elltanl ei$tnamW~j], nti:vas qi[IJS,~ruuill9si-m~;
,8!lrmaze,]')HI:U:Sl(tbstlhui~ Ide' 'fiessrvlZt 1'1_~1~,@L0 ·llret~bo~itIIUQ' oo1,lhl~ eome gH.c~£J' e' gDtas de .gO"m"duJ:i,iElL g&09f' (o g],icQgen~Q'
~8
,SlJ Q
;L-oo.~~]otlId,!3' ~~
~J'
oi!'
pif,im~·rio.
''13' iIJ'.
11
_'iii
'" ;Il.:::11
IOi(IIl1i'h",ar1:'G ~ ve s;icull.a~
tlerm'pora:ria~'
'i!;[Ue: _im;pi)I1antes.
Ap,]~e:~ entam movimsntc d,e C(llm."I[';~,~.'r;,~f~, .:".21 s ." 21, ~ t ~ . ltIi.)!?Jl~I:I;C'~. 'uua1. (i! :n:o:m:e...,~ ~e Si:S,!.!i)~je·:edi~boda,. F?1l~,lirnl~'·,~ a eli:nii]'1a~~]J00 eiceSSil de D.gu8. da ceh;_lI~resultants (1.0' processe ~m6tioo" Tiproo ~e ]J:rotq}~oltri9~ de ~l ![]Q~r[', S~8
'j/~
'gIDi:o d~'
...
Gticogemo~ pI"hloipaJ.
lEi
rlgum, rrta.~ula([os m~smo~;(~·stueficil\'lJib~!V~Ut. q[litB· 9 mm]lbrana. pmsm1itita Fosse ~:Pidi.al nfi·o th"t::.a 1'1 1~!3Siell~ d:1ilvaeuelo ])~tll.nF
hip~ItGni
~1JS'
em
ma~,c,] a
igiJ.a
dp~,~1!''aZMp~ a
d~~
Efi~m$.B,it'~p6~veilil3 pella g~i~ii!neAe, tt g]:i.C'O~6litle' Il~am .8.de;t:mM. ,il ,~ge~fj)ei.e· d~s' ·~b.\U.
m.1:mfl,
G@iCas, lIi:plidi£as:~assim ~o armazenades os .~<drlM '~~' .A gor.dur,51.:rio 'BOOSO]; ~gb'u.ti[la .pia.~iaJ, fQrr.mm;gcM1rlres mo~. qu,e vaeiam IMt~eO~, e 0 5'In
(~legan.dq,aaa ~eltnl91 .M~[~.~.
;:l'be
a~~m_
'~~
1",J-' . - la·
-,#o',~
0''01
#o',~
.....
,il",
,._ .... _.
Ol'icil.eo :roo de~~ito ,am, 1830 ~pOl': Roben Brown (1773-1858). ,A, 'pres,eJ),ca do lJ,rlcleQi t1ilrBlctieriza, ~s· crltu'las 8~]{;miOn.t~s. odemcs dIzal':, P QlU;'!1 o l'I~'c1.;eO' ~d~rg~: I) material gw:u!tko ~-VN'A) (h~:§;~elu[g,C',U!£;anonk'8- .. Mslrn.. .(tile rel!1~~ntaill, ;£) oe:nt:~:~~ ·r.eg-rUI a.dJ:,_R'd~ 'ii:i~i'vid!a,d,tl~, ~~lLlLtateB. L~~}! ,0 dt~l:fl!1inu:9J ,e!: 0 f&~rn'oo([' das 'Q.~de,ns ,Ill]]ele~es~ viabllisandc a. ,e~b:utlll"aoohlJ~ em tOG,IaS as 'iHUas
N'orm,31m~nte'
'po~~u,!j,m, ia.~iO,a..~, UIll,
as cehi1. as
eU!r;":'2I;,1F..iOll'!':e,g
mamif~)
eom
...a .,
!!tl!,D18:
ae
",1.
'mi.J~],~t
d,ii'ta'§!'i
ID
Er.iIJi1i.:mOOi
int0ni,.~p~nrlli:ncin '~'t~d,'q~~ ,temrL !S:idr:l\ dlL"miJ(1J~~:~m ,ptlt' cliv~aas tt}~:lH~~iencia.s~ Expmijoo~a,raalisadas, p:or' exenIt-plQ, 'B~Jb~tan;[~, 'finoo go ~i§cu1:(li,x:m;) ,~,k5WIm 'iJ'~8il 1:10' '~';n~~pen~Jt~['!jc1 a! ICgrt~n"d~. Dm~ a.tn~b,~ em d:iIl,a~, IDe'ta.. es 'e.m que d um;f~;" del~S)l ,~~pe:",~., 'eo:neeru)a (!i 11LiiLtf]~!!). A tit d£l' .DJU:cle~daoo~til]u~
nsslim um p(r~~o'
a a~io
'wamifems ,C::c:l!i't!i,n ~eiti"plo d~e' iC6lin::Jjs ~:I.l'l!1clei:l)_.das,N~lo toOsifd;e·tlct.1Lm ~~~m,~lD 'ct)f;Te:1i'o tnn~idel!ta!1do '~~, 'k.:a,t~ de 'runl'~ ,~~pe.ci~i;l-a,C§JQ lO~l:UL]la'r ®e ;~ ,[:{}nde:l1l;tlj,' in~~'n~d:iia:v\eln1l.ei.i:[~ii2'. m![):rfr;e"., A af']ul~, - ~.
d~'
,or
I~xp.u'l so,
:~()~Qra da, h~n'.'~~a $e ~:1ftOO'D'~a na, ~li;~duJ:~ i~e,~. 6,;O~l!1~lI!rtimG]ltom£du~ar ~ tGW 'f]iucloo .. 'QlI:@indQ a h~m~:CGR t1m~,c]uroit;'@ o· d,~, ,~' ~S']ocm:'~ 0: pompru1;rmB[Jt.o sU1lgUin~;,o :0 T,:m,J(:"1le~ ~, 'hm]ogktbinFi~ f~rnrURnoo ~ep@'["
It~SI~~l"at6ri.Qs. Esitanito
e:[([z)JjjllSl.5
ill~]\"Hi~,
I~
m.e
mrlfia
00
,EWtlS.
mmf'.~Ddo em ill!.'\nrB d~~. ,(ljQudm-se q[I!l~ ~ '[l!ucieQ 'O-i~ VlVil! oom 0' ciilop~~~ e 1i'J dwpbllS:rII]~, tlaq
'~'CreU']t
aeaha
de,9:Q a 120 dias, C@Ibfi]],",ms:-s8 desta Dn:-ma ~s, I~ el·i~tL.ci,iEij,~ ue 8testam q sef;' ~.nvi,a:l1eJ ,iEJ, ~i::ibl"e~y@,D'ci"a,(1]0 1lli,~[,oosem II}: citO'plEta~ ~ do
,~:pT-es;er\tmi&mlJla
'~m
aUwirJ1 im:pa..ssiJilit.ad.a de
Ij
"tniUnsports de.
:~es
cival1]amna seitu
,lld~!lh~CIi;
~~breri,ve' sem
~, .,
nQ &,agmJe:tl:to aiOl:l!iCleaclo d.mIJ- ameba, pu:r. er}re.'ft~p]tl~. pI"Qcemm.s OOEiicos~~rJi.C]cW '~.'P,WJffi16Jiio. ,N~ s]nci~io "11"", ... : ,~te' ,~!llf;lrei\n.vjJa e I~tm:~egw:a :$e' "~e[MUU"ill!Zlr:• .J.!i~ta bi 8 1iui~o de ''ladH.~ lOO]:w:tm 1imin1].cleadas qil.t'e: 'j~:r(h:!'ll] ~g_8il:, Ti[],BtIa,br8!l1M- 'Ij!~r.,~, t0I111t1r-[ltlIJJa, In!lllMat ~~rl@:.1ltC:ia ,de &Jbkm:i_ :OJCD,u, ~~d;a comno. a
de
dois
e-xp~ri'~ncia dla: lm,errotomia.., -Pr~SSQ8 metabdHoaSl ,ilnpo~ta:nte tamhem. ~oor.:r.em no. '~u~~e~~, $I: sii:(jte8e~d£ UNA, ~ die MillO, RNJ\ ,e a. ~:rnO:li.8~
'tlind.1iinmleada.
j
!eital:' emrno ,~xem:p]o ,SIt d18 esq:ULt:.UJt:ih!J.'caJ..:e no . lGec!i;.lIJI ~~='~":::~ '..:I~ ,~j,R! •. ,O;sse:Ol Of! nsteoel8jitos. JIa no p']:EL!UEwdi5~ oeerre :b"li~13a, cariocin~e~ em uma ~lul~ U11JJlnl'D!deacdal
-P,pde:ttIJOS'
--,'"
,j.
~F.iol"mL~
nucl e Q ~ H.O'1":m,tiI, J m e nte, Ri(IDiIDp~nha ~ fGnn;~ a~. t::~l!llla, H a bi t u ~1-m'e[lr'~~" :ap'I'ase:rrta, forma C e] rutS:\5 ~ Pl1d.s'IDl;j ,t ie as ~um.'iI.1 'l'JiJ!lcleoalnn:gaJdo ,9 .nas paJ,~ntga~ ete e'
8cl1~W1.d.IQ',
No 'Mtanb). a rtIrn11a
sem, bav,~r.j]l.Q e[l,tan,to~ .ei.'tocin,ese·",~sj_m. rasulta a massa mn.ltinnc:Reads! ~'onllj] em plFotO(~!o!rio~, ida f];laMtlt1H. ...
".-
le-spomzoIbiQ~~
[:_0.
,diLl!
pw .. m~(Jilh~ln.g",~ ~it~~ad(l(f."
,e.sr~ri~~.,
_?~jjf!i!1ll1
Sua pMi~aj] e vma¥e~.]jlaJr-en1., cantteterist,hz:a 'P~raC'a,r~la' 'tI:po cG~:ula:r; p~)~., exemp'r~~j, rnl 6t!]ul es e e:nl'brio,n_m',lM ocor.re' na l~,gia~ central. 'N as. ,oo:lulu ,glru:hdu]m~s ~, basa Bmrldo pm+rG;n~o 'n~ ,oolu:l3s ~Qdi.pu~, A~.aE fibra& musculares ~~ttiSJrl.a.s ~ 119
~i
D"N'A, .
,wti.vid,nd~ c.eh,l]a1t
1001I10
ll;;an1Lb~ma d.lJ1p']i(!'a;~~oM
Oh~~v~s. :r:IJ,O. n:ue[,efj :~l\te~,f~ ,~~u ";!I, ~"bl:tLt~! ~ari.ob::ca!, nli.u~Tenplas.a.. Du.(tlelloliill'
e iC;!I:"'(Di,matinJa_.
M;t1I ~;;".,. (
(:~tI.J~dll
·!iJII¥1
~ii;!:
A ~ri~l~ ,e; 'ro,r.m~d~,,~, IP:.niir' ~o retleillQ' I~~d,a ,ti]!l~ 1!;i1'll.d'(~'ll1~ma.tit';[}e- t~r.i!, P~):frun-~~ Wl]].'t"er ~'J,Irn~J,teriJ::S], eeilliLl!8.[!, ]O,@)', v;flJritivel B,O ennGl.ide~o:i toclaS 'as ,~ij,e'ti:,o[),. C((i,mo 'boda me'mb-n:~~n,~ce'hd~av e de.. ti~lgJ~tg. g~a if\!Rl~]onil!4Q so w~lliml{!·da ,t~]:u.m~, :~':I!a.mil~'\Z3.Hpop'n)'t~i{~rn,fr()sr(~~~p]d~.'ng: pr(}'lt€lilli11"~). ~ ~itu~~'iij, esta eX:p'~~"~S8'a, il!,'tld~. R ~hl,'ea:o ,E'i!!:rn~Wlta""\S~ lWJ:pla. f,c;Gm !:h~m d~, e$i,p€'ssuc~'a ada . e .N~'I).':~leo;pla!8PiJiAtic~KNP) 0'0. K~la~io de L uma) e Gam nu_e:L'iO'OOS' 'p'o·tOSl, (,8iDll"IdIti)l ab',~'VeiS R,ertWig:: Id..a:.:s ',quaia, ·,g~~'o:i."I;'~ tod'o' 0 'in:te~-'e,iittj;r~~, rnl{:leo:-l~itljJ:pl~]]-la; ~em.dIl "Vi. si'We] apanas :tlLQ m;[mt\~pillo ete~:omoo, f!ada. pom a:pireE'!eJ['],Ca, iJ"!Jnllf[, redonds !il1l1 Jle:XagonaJ 'e di.lm.etw variando 'e~UD:e -tiD -e l.UI[},nll1i;1t~l'llo['.f:[talmeute:<e:m. ·IWI'.rl.o de' 7l~mn) •. Ell'il iil'\i"6ci'tog de o;1]l<iQo cl.o n1!3f:'~ ;Pm" ex.enlJD1.o~ ]U1. de 40,S!. 8,0 P01(l00i :pOl'"nciCOO~[letl:O quadt'a:M,. ea1~tllia,~.se· que Qb8en'a~s~ q:u~ 'osta _:r~ltl!.1ii_'o l~l~'vl~d_~ ua :~.~.a ~~ibe~a !pe1mJU)r."?~~ :rii]ll·e_ge~u_ de 1~ ,~-2,ij% eel ula ie~l:1lb11i_ooari8J;o .dim.hl1)Jindol" po:re:m eorn Q d..e· ~di!:IJ.B, 3t1B'."1l da ~riQ'tee:34 oo-escimmto ioelul~r, AG' I~ongo00 de8en:VQJW:mr0nUi~
't.a~nho
(ii'
@8,pQ'dffco
pm.',EID
!~.
ce;]:ILlal" 2Hll!.m,e~n ,0 '!? 01ume £i;to_p~t m,;~:Uc{f ta as eIJLq,~to a volmne .IllID.Cls9Ir. sa DU!ill..mm :ioEilimmdo,
A nl~bl'.an~. ,~r.na,
em connmJ."lrJ
OOIli,lL
,01
O dt~eqwlLbriu a:1dngido :PrIJ;~ta ml3.9Mj a "par~r de u:m .d.ete:ttl'liiJ;l~do -y,Rla(r!1 l8epre~e"rlIta -:ifm]:' des famri~~mi'bl5iti.~e~, e 5~) :mi.cr3metr~. lUi. .Ill~,deo6l gigantes
tib05Einm;n~ ,oo.Eliidog. 0 esp'a:1'~ .en:til:"e ~ - duas 1nemOCtml ebS1'iiad.o: . . I~;P~~~' Jl~~tlC~~~ ~tltir1. d.:ima·J1$in~~ e~1·l!.re e 10
bia11~ht.Sli:lla, apRse_~ta
as ,~.,
'~'
nan,()me1r,:ros~ E!S't~ ~Sipa¥.o .apres~~~ Oi:ml~e~ cem as .cj oS tl~~Jj as € ean ii\'lli3, tIl:o :f~ t:~ (ii' en]
:.1: ~, .Itt" IIi't:nCtiJ~p~,~3LS,mj!ll' lC~;Ji,.
,5.0
~te:r,<l jthL_s
m.itc.].'fim"etlxlS
m~
,n·lI~'~in
p@.iIl,
'II",
gU:liH P'
m_'llill;t[),S
'I'
F-(J(tt.mta
J14"il!;.fllt!"0t1Pll!'8 lJ~dieru;
~ eom
I~@'lt:ade,
!~_sp~emli~a:9~o,ql J~FropiciiQ',r¢ticwo n
Ao
COlllrtr':Ii:o
!!jn{~opln-__sm t\t.i()D.
~'~D£ ,milil3;ut5:m.ett-a$..
d.iB1 me,mb:r:alil9_ p,i:a.srn,'t:ic.aJ, a 11Z..."1:I':[ ~Jt,ee.:±Tl :p,a(!! SL p[,·,e,;SIEl.Erta. ];~,eg~' nr;fra,'9a.o. , s e: ~:e$ada).~, ~~~.tra.vaj!j;a ,oo'll.'t~udr) nuclear- ,e;' a r;:~ln]a u
'nQ,0 t".re.,
,m'vidfd,o em. dfli$ 'm(km~~to:s~ a o€hil~. ~sta lam. r.a!J;j, ·m,mHGi eelular ~nl.tO_5~ ,w.Ib-:alSloSJe.) ou .Ilio ~stal it!;Dl ..:!I:~-ri ;1"l,~) et ,'- .... __ ~ .:," _ap,i!l cnama d'.~ lti'~--~I':;A ~ 1.."., nllU"~.~.,,",.,. -:. a !!,J!"l ~ _ ~~ -.__ ~:r ~~ _ __ ~_" W: V:t~o ce'~.lU].' 0 :n;tilcle-odMca.m~a-,se e os setllB eompon entes d ~~"arp;~t-;~c~'m,..D~!?t~ f~mrJl 8ldi pnde,r,tt~,()iEl' de'~1:.mjTI:a1i," a e~lnltur8 n.lIJde;$iL'r du~nt@}·8: mtsrfllQ~'~ for -1S'S'G, ~ro' qjlLm R m~nr em 001JEu:pffile:nte,s ll'U~"[eares, est;Et['t".'i se ral~]1,do ll~ 'GJom~D,eintes: nuelearea do 'l~1licl@o iDielr.fasi eo,
Durante
,cicl,o de viid!_a
hlalo:p'~sma.
OOl:]:oJiDl-ai p'J!'ote.imJLs ghl_bul~, ,m$mtid~s,~vari.Rs @nzl"~ como U Ida gUe6lme, m ~".im a t Jrl-iii tf,i.aJ~ um a, sf§lm~ie dE!: J!l1t~fi£e.s 1(j!B watRbQieos fur.uimn~iJi]t~s pBJFa 0 oonU"o.~~' OLO: DNA, ]JQUnruer,IHJ'S-ee R.t~A '~.'mUmre:r,!'?JSe.
[!J
a in.teJ.1hse!
at:i;vidat~, 'nl1f'j,e~]: e
Fonn~ a base "Ol1L(h~ ,mi!J_o nwrgulhado!:l 08 loomponeotes· nllcle.tu~t=J, Ahim de ~,gua" pod~mQs,
observall'
na
E~
t~flJ9Q~
+lo 'BNAu .
eo:~'
8G
3 .. NuclGD1'O o !i!l.ucl~o10 .; uma e.s,'tru~, 'n~ahn'Bl~.'be, e~[~fi~a, e' m,m,to ,e:letrodansa~ orim eerea t'h~,1,S!: 3,
,m.i~:rGtitl,e'. ]"O!i!"
Quiweam~·b?~ ap~sentsL 95t% de JnlllcleQ= 'P'l',~ote:~.r'JJ~ILS,'pl~ine.i,p~:im~E"t:~~· desJ).l{.in:"~ honu,,3, IrJeq:p1"ominu CDNry.. Em 'm'~ncrr ~,u8!in:t.id~clle!, rlbor.tt1l1cl.eo"p:r-otmna (l~.NP). A, dispo::d~d
iCJ."'OmfD;tinft 'If@rla e
tjr
nottll'Jj.alttH~i~tel
die'
gn'l:t:!i
Ide
1!i.i!Z]ifide,])~~OOr
d~
de
cal,
'·:ar -e:'com
e essado
~'eglMI ·!f:krg:~:nrizadiot;aJJnueleol M;, ~.'OCElJ(]a. mn:t!E'sec .e. , H]~,m.B:ZI~n,aUlJ,eTD. do RN M' (ribos ~a,m.iC0.). tD ·Po~tBriornNllltie.,esta -ftNAr' '~ni· Ere, ,eSS{DciaT' a.
p:rr:-Ote~.n,:±iI:$ ..mlgrar
.JtiOOSI91tH1l,oS",
AssoeiR~~a,~.];tm~, .r~H~
dD t~rQ(mo:SSomo dita
pl'asrn(~ciitos,F por ~~:plQ~, ,apro~~ntam rt1!Jm.oi '~llu1di:m,denses d!e Cl·OJ]_(]J9l~riH .. ,JT,:i u '~as, n:e:"f'"VlQaas t:e'mJ Ic'[f''[.nt1!~ra; -iQ, a 'com 'p' @U'~a C(fri, d' .ens "'"~·'!IIO, Ap'rnsenta,~,se.ll1enos, cO],lcter[L~ada, na ~.nr~dase~ M'Q
. ., ' ~ltA_E
I~:tarn,vo du:m:a:mte ,~
smIDe uma lnteusa
~ill'Iflsst)mniS+
ffi¥'iSM
ce1w.af' a
.~
C~O\Qlj~titHi,
para
I)
Po~ 1e::~e:Q.1,pJlrl
'[)Oncd~llls~;:J)_.~~aol e-onatitr~[i[]f)d.o os
esp~T:Olml:o:a6fde
a,
Qwmic~mClJ:nt~r e. conm:tyjJ~lo -por' RN,A, dbns::Hl'.mie-o; p:rQte.fnS::3 {EI! ibsfoH,p,iideos; com peq,rue.n.aquaatldade dB DNA. Des.a,parece'1m mnieI'QI dB. cl!ivisi,(]I, 'oe[.mar ··pma 1:'et8.p~sc€tt ,Jllh etapa jliuw e~1.ama&,te]_,6f3.$1Bne~dlo mlrmado pelo ~~om!O~r,im'rJl s
or~ri$ad.otr
A ,t:rUm=J[w'uli, :1IG'rm~jl\Fiil :pm" um~ Ic~d~j~ dIrf!1.a, de DN~, .,~Q1a.d~, du:Hi!S v~'Ze~ em :ti~o de
I~
lJif:IJS,
ooluI:m
.
bll!ttShda~··
eu~mmr't~$, ]l~1i'J;Eil,pal'tM~~ il!))~ ~.j;tiblJ7.iJidb ~' narn :n EJlS, oo.JlulEJlS, eQlbrioJ] Wia arr es d.o !Mt~modt! ~um I~or~~~ ,~,eida~" P'od,E$ bUl'~\f!f" ~~ ~~a d'e ifalsos t!rw;leolo~., q~ ,~~.o partf~-uli:u' ,de [!roK~'a:Li:f.1tl aJ]ove!acl~ (heThe1l"D;Cl'o~tinlll·~, fo([m~dj] 0·:5
VllBiv,eiB
;10
oj'oo 't.Ilor0Ctlil~~).~, hj8:W1l1~S~ cUJf.La<tiiumdfJ 'ml~d_:a.d.~~l de ,cham~tl3..$iDtl.U1!~~l~,mJ,. lig.~ et¥tre s~, Ol" um p ~dR90 de' D,NA que~ 'POT' sua v~z~ eS't~ ~~do ;ifJi,
du'~a pM~(rn,~ bj~cona., &: histOO~
;@[tr~:ve:-ii' seusradicais a:JnfJl1]~{!l~ QiJDl des 'C09ratQ do. DNA... 'Oa~nD nem 'kld08: es t:a,rue..srlli[i;; £o~frJ.rto ~~~,1Q n~;r~:trJigJliz~dos ~p~~ ~h:H:U~ s, :~, m$'
Cl"Om3:tba
fOftU~~'[Jl
~~ ]igilUm 1"Jjs'roWmls.
'~~O~e'Jd;1lffi.$'):~
se.ndill
1~.S'it_e$
'~HI"~dl~
QDJ.D, (.:IS
a'Ptesen:~i!L
seu
a:cirlQ.
~Mi!\!ami18
'ri9-tvei~:
..
~ElJ~ti["1h]:ijOO,;~piW;i;.e"e'·
As
10 e 20J,~O~1, eom
Saul ,ll"WleebJl:HiSl ae
1l~(!I
.p"E:5Q.
eEb~l!l:tu~;,$
1q:w'D:ai,case:m;u!fuao~e~ 00]:cHJ.'~ awd]o-,se an Longo da ,ev(j;lil~b" d.3&1" ,~pe:cle~t h,nlS'EQTIlaJa e~ta,om,viti!id3$j ,prinei,p.:U:m.ercli,te~ eineo ~~~I?os,,:· fI2B~ 83. 'I'3t2A elm ~I,4,\ Ie' ]HCL
i5b (!:roma-tma,
RiE:€~' ;~ to.QlH, "]",:egi:a.Q aD 'trn:c~:'oo') ~(eiQ g QI 'n~ol.;O, q:.u~ ~ eorada ~ 'vi8iv~i 3)(J' 11/:Jtm::tSJtitu-i~~.
de .DNlA asseeiade ,8. ~Qtraifil.8iS :b8siea~ de baixe ~~~ :ID61ec.uIar. M, :~ustog~" !!3 ,~Il :RNA. Iii, tam,bem a, ll~$('~nY1 de ecit]om$· cam o. '0 calLe~n~J!I!~
'0' :H.i'veJ de ,~m'ldeR5a'Qio da cromatin ~ ,s.J~ooentg_ l.rnpOltiaurte i13]gJllfic:ad.o J:uJ:lcionai. OS I~~S mruOl"leB. ~ €])O'mo8fEm:Ell.. c'ttr.ulel"l£ada. SM, tham~o:.~ Clt'()_G~ep:t!r.OS' Ie iJ ,S~fl{;1I, m)m:Plnen'~ -EI'· . elt'4:
.; ,". ,''.i.:r'
eorado, :b~If'Om.at~~!,
' .. -, _"
'~ITDQ'
'piQp08to
~~!J'r
:!I:\E::pre~emjta,::;tlli .P(~"\rt:~
.l'1(] nticleo
d~.l[,':]'"Om~.'tinJa (,"U,jjldler]s~d,a:;s
Asslm" 'o()nfhTnlli~ e ,grtlu de
p:aroQ~b~r w_,purtthnciapara a m!~tnt.!f!'n~b tIIl~ ~s~m:tu:ra d.n U!:tt~.l; ~ir 's«r ~t:~d;i!J' [I,P'FM~lti.J,
wtm·,[amoo
a
i~
l",
,oou.~~io
'It·mi;e
8e. ap::r,~mtru:-
:8ob
Idl(J~s.~H;p:eetOJJl':
a) G'tillC1'1lnllAm
,D,6tii(I~,e'l!l,te
'plumieQ.,
PQ(I!'l~J]'t-o,d:nri]nta· a
;~,UB
,arti:vR i~oo
I
~II
est~, !i1iend,u
"itL
CQ-'
Idtl"erreutes
OLe
,e.g-rlll';$IJ&a~OI,
loo'mOo eromatina;
prnduzidas 'pl:"01te1inaB... Para lta!nJ]Q, encO~::IJi1"a.~,se d'~~$Pir.alil~(hl" :s~ndo DO~CO e:le;~1i:id.eus9" ,A'6 M~., ,atl:iJ~'~Si, t:i~s em eu-
ioomo, !L!lJ1Il'YmfiSS.lilmo.
'~f'Li)n'u;~.tilI!'~
,2][Mtm"OCl,~
d@Wi~JdaJ. ~[m mi,e) OOi~"ri~po de, ~~r d£~lnifi,eada e nem ,000.1:lfaro.ui.toJ~.sp,SL{:O1m.. r.aolicleBD:. E, .m.1l_U:ID e1etrodenssL J\o' I<f.E',~ nud~,taio, 'OOIIn, ex:emp[o iinte1"eaunre ~ ,0 q.u,e, 8COntece ~m 'm-, meas d~, w;;tmtt~s'! 'pmtadoo~ de clIl)i~' ern)ll:OSK{:!ian,o~ S'e~tn.ru,S 'T (sexn ]rt(;}Dlogami!tioo}.
{lt1I'Jll~
Ipneti.~~ (con..,
C~mo d,1lll".m1re, ,8" dCtvi':sl~ celtdar- wds. a 1a!l"Ctm:l]riLn~. ofrs iD:OO~ t\ond~iIl-S~i10i :p~ fo~' s !~~ ,~om!O_s.s6.m!J$_! renCl1rt~ e (:ur,a rosiE;, ~~pes61Q~, b1'FIlt.llnd(HMl' wjs;iv:';~ ao M']J:M'[)~6pio IOpilj~. A (oo,ruleli.'is"Rr8lli, ,f:tting~' ~ ~,,(IDl:O' numa li3\kp'ElJ, d~ 'W'\i3atJ' t"0nUWf' cJt.a_maJ~,mO'bifa~, ~u;~8mo am (~JJJ~; ~O\l~ ,il.')o:ngeq'iile!nci,Et~ mals vis: vel, Ms:lIiI1L., pedemos e lQ:bse¥¥~l:r qP!le ;00 Cl'Q;mn~~nws: drs eada ,es,p©.cie
'."i'n,,;,,"""''''' ...... .,.'i'io''~ * ~~a.LI..I.
1~1l:.n:.rJl
:m.uita
o:m
~,..,...... ~~ILi:I.!.!l.lI!.lJUI~
I·,,~~'~"'i"""\
m,llw,I..I...U.I:_iIj ~
~ ....
,i"",..,.i-.",
,,10;,
[_ ,WJl.lR:i."'~U
11"'-: I""'''''''
I-
lE1~L:-1~a.
;H"W,A'",,,,
Ml19huent!E\
08
~'tomu:S3>01IiI
(I
para
~, oo;lulas
ailS
destcus mmea6
ati.v!inIill :6!IpBIIli1B nm
d,~~g.v,~nW,0 .rl!U'brd p"e:~,mal~~ll'teme lI'te! Bel7iICiIJ. ehamade '~aEj.= 'Ra sexnaJi au 'C(jI]l~t\:sciUJll'D' id~ I8mtTt oj:!sBJ~,aM. em 194J~~i:po']" :Be._ri'1~m ~ B,aLFtj,n~)1fIL1!lCJQO die ·las fi'~~a.s, ,de gB.ta~~, P6sfLeJ.1of.filu~nte {)~IT."a-, do ru,n oolruu ,de, 'tfe:mH6 de O:utrBS ~ecies't :iil= ,dl.tsij, ve ,tE, 'Jl:trtm.an~,~,'&JC~~li~s:,~, p~~tim~ '~1~envo:~,mrlo :ru;[€h:~~l'.~ selve p'8r;BJ >0 mt'Jign(i.s-tiaQ Rqje ci'OOlQgiC(~ %a~'" Desk :f~a 'pode~moa,.(larat-· ~lo :ffil"]z!dUr~is 1~l]}OS de hete.liO,t.l1lma1io~ a ,het~e--, !IfOCMJ1Ul'hna ~ill'lUtim;fi\i',a ,e ~. :l1ei~~fj~ro~' 'm.:atbm '°faelllt8jtiv,~.,· 011ErunD{u~iSe' hetereern1IIJat't]],a 'OOIil~:iiltituthfa, :wW",~ a .pa,rtrp d.a (;ll.J!lTH'J,'tina pernZLanentemente eendeneada. '~'i;Jica:Uztl!da ~p],i;~tipalm~~eas ~:t:re~~ n du CJ.'un'i!ilssodoia
,ewu:iI:i.O'3S\'H:tl(]~ iTI:I
'~norli~&iJl)]6EP:~. vist~e'~ ~;!j,'l ~o: ae n:aiet~8lciJp'(i.o ,6pt] 00" eon t~TI. d 0 iu f(r:rma,~,~.Q gen 6,ti,~ ~: a, ,~'I"'".J[I'W'rI;O;:t"")I\""""",j,.,e· ,~I_, estar .....,._'..J ""n""CiI, ..L .., :>'Y'''' ,"",,,,~.J,..... ,,,,,,," ue i::IlLi!I::lIt _l:lnl.J.J4l
I
lL!LJJU~_I"'':::~'lI~U,'i:r.ilJllli-l _ 'l..'U.ll~,llll~
;1:.h:.tL
.1;IUU.tb!I.JI~IG.
Logo.., '11",1:
,N;!;~
a,l1i.tI!1[~
qhf~ ftihm
OU~,
~m
tt.gmlo,..~!J)nH]1iZJ cr'OOll'OSSIOmDSI'
d'I[}
~ruu-
,em,
de
NUJeleosS011'iOS
~.
fOiDlIado
em
3pELGl'O~
,~
emol1i,j
11&~:m;;(il'fi:2Ls.Cad,.a:,
·'graa"
'moleelllas:
lele'
das :liiBt~
peLo DNA,
e cl~:l!I.d,Q
DtLCleO'SSOJltrru.·
eci.,m~' ds· l'lf1ll!d,@OSSOl:lilLOS nnem-se uns M~ oo:WQ~' aeabam pCiif for.mar '1]Dl9 esrtru~W".at.l_e].iooidsJ,que. J em a~j~~io,~, OtlW-S 'p,~utcfrl)_va'i OOlj~ti;twr 0 ·t'hla:m,e.nro b;Eish~o d!J cromi)~SlO'm.o, E*u.tUl'-4
crut~tiw ,e .e:~SJJtmll.1Jaf'.L'Jte
p\A..:l ..... _.......
, ,~JI!4'L::;;I.LI.u.:.
dD
:Or:tlC16ijt~;A
d,~'"" ...
1i
1K,\iSle«t1=,
00 cr~[)gs(Jm:~
1
ron,~ir.il~cfu,
~:p:re3e:[':Jdt.a
1i1lW,
,e'~'tar&o~illanl,enb}1
,~;f.J"":"t
Ij!j],'i!'
!i::ip.![U.lll:i,
,d,
.,.
iL..n:j,u """_"\
~,IlI[:;IL<;""i['LJ_;",~-
matina e~ B [~rni)]lfbtma,eoo:densadat eem ina;!~iv1.d:mde g&.ri.. 9.p~Mt~;d(l, Eia .aeq,iiAn'e~u,. ·m.uitb mpetidas de lJ.:NIA,Ie OOrn rep,)icttyin d~-, sada em [~]a~ii'h:;ii',~ da ~ucmm3.'!ina. .' -. ,~
pOlL' asta estrutura ~ 'q !I1e d It.wm~s,,~mQ' e Pfe:tld~,~ fihr~' du' fu~o thlr,~n't~ s a
,witose,
.nl~.~:
ir.'I'~'UD'",',-, #"iii,
~ ~'.
nn,rriill;l'lIf"iII.iifjS·:
~~U,JJ!B'U.o.
.·~'U~g'tJL;1!
fl'.
;11".....,,~
::ntt.!JuJu"i-o
"":'"'ha;rrH~mo* tto'W'oS6omlO fiJl1 i~S,p~~~l dlo, DNA duran ~,!@ a di vta,,~.tli, , eel ill!.l:i!'[l'" e s p:i ra 11 do' ~.a, tc.o;niJlQl;J~adfj) I@' ']n.Qlivicilu~t]~[iido, LO!gOi ~ 'llIIn~
e!it],'ULtm'.'¥J" CO
MtitrrIlda,
pm'
D'NA
SObrl~'
.0;' ee'n.tit1lttem !e urn e~11¥.eitame:rri.'t!l) da lCJ.'li)matlaiB l~OI"D1adQ ,pm h~teroel'm:l[iilIlI.in~,cP'~, Ii!luag PO~oM em form aJ, de' Id~.. ,pli\fj.terea~,~ es ,nme.tJrl~rrtlt~~lecais de il!u~1~n des mic:rnt;'lllbuJfl5;, dill fi:rsa m:ro5tj~o.,·0c:errtrOOnIm{~ Ie ~ ictnet~m8j 'tram p!a~ticfpa~ ~,Qi diret ~ 11:0 ~ ,W ~ v] m.e'Q.'t,p~ d.c-s, lC]:tlmosaoniOs, dhu'RlI.'lIi e.a mvl,san cel1!]J)ar.. Dm"8IiLb:: a ~.~.t(i!1ii' f3J!:\H~' Q ce:li.IJ' t;'uEfii,erro :~,eprc,s,ent.:l 'p a.r. Le oondm1wd~. dSi 'l'!:r.O:Ill,~,W~. _. -
CrQmbtl
th~l'~-
rnf'I...:·I,;>~,_II":'''''' -~~''Yi-~~~ ¥
I mjl!:f ...
a ~xiln]n.i.d8i1'e.~lo
OO~.
"_'11'-._.
'Qu~l,qool1" otttl'a"
1
t#tJ.lru~tt1I~~1 ,riIJetw.ll
oj -
1S~~i[Hu-$.
..lI~""":.~
d~lp;riuH~rla~ :
-
Ern
~),~
~xist~
u:Q1 a
dO' mesmo ,~ .nr1gin~ mTI~, ~S'f;:rl.i!t~ cham ~da 'SfII~Ii:t-e~ ~'ODB !Sot Gi!JJ ~gl:iio· :m·t. A regiao·- ~ of1T:!l~~~,M,~'f:InU~ ~ r.egili.o ft,Ji'I3D:il~~d(fI~~·-llIltD;leD"I~ ,RNA:.r~.boWm.i~, que· ~lr~ll8 0 n'l1e_~oo)n, l..~e .KN.A..-r. ,ar.:m.Me:msd.o no, uueleruo film I"eElpc:u:u;8i.vel peli! r~ao do rIDOSSmfi(l. N~ ,B:SJ3!I§c"ie htOO.RiW as R.!.IN. egtao llocmizadas nos crf.mI]0515;0'm~s 13. '14,·
~. r.='
ti~r:!i!SbJ]~ci[) fl~t.~d~
l{l(.;a:I]~d~ n~ ~b,~,m.idad'e·
imp.edindo com qu.~ lIm dlete.rminpd~· 1;legmeo.W, 'filsion~~S1e. peln ¢:x.1i.remidatle ,~,'-lDl· c:rbn1-~5m\1i:O. P'(H:- eX0nfip 11(li~ quando ~~ta q:u~bra (D' erennossemn PIGJ'rd~ '0 'wlorn €:flO" as 'regi O~8" IqUGln~~~:t(l8 ·:I]c~m pw:~oaa.s, ~ acabEi!1IT.'!1 pot. so tbndir :~ UInJ rfu:(J'\f, l1"O[[lOS${1I[J]1J quq hm:ID~IID' ··mD1rI~· 01 't~lmne;ro d;fi~1i.fi_c~_d·Q .. '-Olr :isS(j~,·~ im~~ ,do ~eItm!lBlIO mantem a I~~talbilirdade do ·c:r,(Jn~OOSQlILO'. O~l!'V'ill,'\Sf-'. ~1ll,e. caa~, v,~~ que a, re]tilp. ~. divide 'b,:unMm dimin.mo 'L.e,~ f!rr'O', ,A,i~;:liSi ~lm Jr. e s '~,21::ri:a: tl,l~rttta.:rc,!la,O () '~Tlve1:nccimeD,to ,~el~;~F ~ df~indilridlw. M q~ '[J~"rii ,~ ti~~:;; 'reali!i:i~ u inici'o d'a d.GJ1J;_j,gf(;lm· d~ :~rf,~11~ as robd~ do htcJ[·viW·Q msulh1U'!LW d~, dtlln£~ ·~rmanGOOn.li ~,;Olm Jdfiumro, (!I. dQ tm1]m'}]J.o das orun]ag ello [iJm·:d\O'Iludo. A.~.fi dqDGi ja n as~ria/lao vmho<m lC[t]a]lTw.o1wlividu{lI 'cL~d-01o J
':l
,n truo.'UI€1"Q·~a
~O'm
I(It!O~N~)1e 'oorrespm-ule
ae: toea]
dB ·'8in:usse·
ito
JJ.a.
~'~I
~ 1L c
;-;"
no ;.;;:I-Llr.
Nu memento ,~
sS'tliw:rem, mM~f:'
6EipRruizaM~, pOlll.Bir) :Fm1id~m@<D·ta~do ~nnE]"Mjssm~O·e' ,qUE e asede dQS, gene s cham ada Inr.!l)!'liliIuD,em.:a... Ln,go .. '~m~~neDl:g € ·11Llll~. lSubUl'lli'l d~'d:.e oonstitu]nt~~' d Q mrom~p-m!O~ 0 l1I~n'.W!ro eromonem as para i~eJlld~ de tt,mu~O'mlOl B variii;vB~. 'Podeum\S em s]n.t~~'B' (alar ··qtlJ~' 'tifO'm®eniu 0 usda m:Erls: ,9 ~B 'fl' .trIil1l1U)',SSOCflll0 distandid{)~ .
mWriioJ!" .~Jlnsmesmoe,
TIm
di~~
Iqu~
os
Cmoomitides A d(;rplit;:u;lto dlfll .DN A OCQ*,~ na ~~j:t-ed~-8~! U1Jm~ '~lla clJ~ad_a 'fg~ ~~Sl~,. e~da mO~Gjjtil;]~,,dc' DNA" no eatanto; PQIt'l1I1'm~~ ]ig-ttd~;a. ~ilJW,.,~Q1J~,(t. Exa:furime:rl!;t,ep~)f.' 1~t~ :raz1\)~, voce 9~s~~. n$.~· futO~~9 d!os ~rom.Q~anmo~~ feit.u d.:jj)r~j:D'te,!!IL 'w.etar~e, que· e.:~_e~ 'p:ar--eeera cum um ~T.;_ Em~ f!l~ '~ef\da~' VQ~ ~ifJ ,e~~. I~bee·nrlt:n'~ n:l:iIl, W:UIOO
ICl't:J,mD~~'mO pO_~m"
m~bl
1·:ilrum·~:lj!El@s·]f'IttU
-PE'l~, cemrtrnm.e.t'O~ &ta.s clli.m!$' L~6p'ms d.!jj, mesmn '~l1.1nSSCllm~, ~i.gaoii,a~, P,i!!: 1~ ce'.ml:'t:r6m,e1" 1:1 'sua.'!] eh am a das '~:In,;iti(les·jj;H;b~.~D~lrDllte URia f~ da di~s:lio· Ql;lular" a .~;r.ulf}MJ.e' 0 cerrt:r{hn0[l::'Q "Sa d~fViaBC ,~S ..
se 8€lp,i!3rr~m
·IH31..1·~.
IljrtllmQs...~l>:mI~' Hga.da:g
nl~~itp!J
origi
iIJi:;1ll'
ICi'\QID([ISSOmeS marep~D~lellWa"
'e,,;;:ii, em, '11 OJ 1~!;j't6teoo da·'pr6,f~ .l; d:Q~·tut~e··a:·m_eiO'.'l·e) '~·j[il&$$pem' ~~maribioPQSli'~ic, Q e ~on~5'W:Ii!iibe~ ,~da (r.r;-~JmiogonitJ" T4:!S.fbml~Qij~lS para ·1"i.J:ln;~'s·'~IlI;·ti!im Slci·to:r~ tl~ c:~r(J'mon'~ma mil,] sCir"(Jim'IJ~.~q:m,n_Jif;i
'i~]1~nu~nm
",a1ii2l~dD~.
"
..
lr!iBtltF-d!Jllel1)
.8.pareee ba~~tan,~
i:'p.'t01JI!I.,o:sso:mll.
(]~[illifJ e
51
'NumeI'O
M 'm3i~ dife'mrnl;~$' ~~e¢:eS't.p~}l'im I C(_mii'!'~'if,lltte ' p\fU;,~, ,~s it~dirid'!,;il08 de 'UTI'Hit 'me~]J:a 'espe~i't. •' ., Ii, ]Podemes e1\tsr a~'g1l1ls; ,ex'em;p' OlE:
o nUm~ro
lfi1!~-itetlnirncl.
;[]!Il&!t:QI1Iflilll;:l,ii;.u,
,It.
(qMSe ~
peq_Ut;!!LW. 0
le:ltremidade)~ for..,'
ID, e.fitramEU'~O r
um 'muito W'~d;e'-e' 0
cen-tJi:lu:ne:r{ll
_~ .. ...
r.nioe1ibrrrt:rte:o ,-,
""r.lI~'I'!I'n,t'!c·'"'1'.l';l"'j1
·!L~!oi!"¥.·t_p."'~¥.
cromlO\$So:mo corn u.:rn!: 'W':Ii1C:9. br.~.;o. E~lt~. :t'ipo air;:: cromn9~(Lmij I]io ~na, e8!;peiCle humsma,
J:li~ '~~'.'
l." .., ~
.e "1ler:m:il1M,
I~
:l2
, 1!IIrniti!.~ CMirn-~nID
lfIl.::ffit_,i L!o 'Wi [ pm:;!Il;!I;i,
DIU_
n.fijY''''''''~'''
~J.irill"":~ !iii
OC~)n:"itllcll_g1
d_~ bl~b,o·d)i:l~seda,
~l'i~~~
dnicO! ]'ltrta cruO:lLooso:mtc~, ,8mtiu 'J?CI!f ]810 t' h am 3 d a g ,e ~,h;d l!,l,a ,b.,~,pl IDIi-d.e,:g" eu I''',g ~Il
i,:mJi
M ~lul~
l;'1illpt'(;l~;tnl~'
fg,m:mJetM ~li~1t'~
1O":-.pmi'.i9S0,m~a
do
.F:'i'f.:!'
V'!O',
!CFOliiiii:,OS;,StOln.'O S.,
'~,e:ee~.
!game!~
JJliuln.,,~
lB,
e p(llr.~do.rr
d.~nonOOEt~80die genoma.
ij),:ru
Log~~ cada
1~!3-yp:tfun
A" • ....."... ... , ,J::l..I,tII:~
hi~~ti~m,
52
.grande lciliv,e.rgific~n @. 1~~'fJf$ciQ;!j' l~go\;, Ida wrande vad~.JJt!~o IDA] in'Uni'~rn' it), crOnID5$.Oiill9S.:;o con v,p,nf!inu~-~el ile:nmn1l.1al" CEtd:s!l i~!:1I [Ji:nra,:pe[a i"0i~6ID:'I&ta'I~i~~" E:\a:t~I[U'bnk' p~}.lt i;s'~ O~ 1~~La~, '~a!o dioo$ i''n~I'I~osm,m.o~.,
j'~ :GLiS ~ 1~~l.U];~~ Sfj·rruiticas·,~ ~, ~nmu:at;~va~, 'Pu~$\lI!~nl dQ.i~ to'nllliIi!:t ~ CfTm~OS~~mi(i-o~. :~mb1;'e
Em flm~o
Iq~le clmCl1t1)te,
i
R €ecluliIa,;:ijo dmI'T,e a, ruSso [10::3., ,b.tl,aleo~ dos g.Btme~as ~e(jr~iJ?illd6 8' soma, dos ~Dom~~.£ pat~mo e ·m~:~~mp~. D~fil'Ominam~~ estas
:Di'll1eiIJ.S~g
do. e_rOln:1!1]~]fh1 v,a.ria die ~s~de p.~, e,gp6ei'~j tndQ ae~' 1. :ifii,crfu~]]etEua:il~ 1. mHfiD,et:f~. ,Num 3" ~:alam:[.i{nifT.~,~,Tritur~ '-1irfdJ;''''~"e~'1;$~,,ap'j~eSgll.t~.80 @: :miC:f::Iomeb'O~, O~
fiotnprimJlMliio
,!rui'o:m~~w-r.110Sl
mi{:;mmeb'>©" de oooo,pj~me.rr.'OO\o
:TitJM,
humanos
vaci::ttn' e:ill,t~~e 4
(Ii,
Ii
l0alulu e:ntil,O~dli;p16i.d~ ,,1.1 'ijl1n,,.j ~mD~lOIDJllj~. .Pereeba ,qTUB es CI'OmO@lSo.m:MliU1TIS. eel~ul~. ~O:Il~:~,tic~" '~,;tM ~.{~[-ij, ~~r@~} QL~~ '~~uel'm, drut5 ,Icites CI'oIiu)~&'5rmj~s, ~,il.l dciis ~_ft5. [ro_J- e'x''e'~p.]Q·J~ ,es~ie 01i.1ItM3..W, ~[~t':eDl.em. 81l8a;:cel.u]ss £ionn.:'tie~8, 23; pa.J'e5: d~ ICli'(ID1n~"Il{ID1!Q~. 0$ ~me.mbIij$, de C!.tdJ~. 1fIi.8L.'F ~ao ehamados CF.omassomos :luilmoJfigDs.,
:uau d,t',a:m.t¥lQIito
!cOl~',en~ 0:15
'0
'~
,cllH:~lfica'~~,IJ! dos,
~ MGbt~l1,tr.lieo-"
ealizaean
cb~ h$l'Ifulag, 'Q,u~Etu"ilinsa ~ 3 .mes-'[u '~i:~ie& (e-Jciil'j'll:e,m '\'~ri~8j- t'i' nffm re, 'P~w.~o ,ditan~n,s~ d~1 eade bmlM :SWl @lS:peemeaa Ie: eenstantae par,SIJ,ca:dal er.cmmaoo,m.), Assim, ~ pQ'$~vell id.enmfi:CaLr CQlm, Pl'~cigi'Q ca;iiiiIJ, ,eJ"IQm;05In:m:o,._ rIUlI'h!::ior:lJ.1.Jld~" ill~ l'riiMca" '~mI1i.'O ,~d~go ~, bsrras, um ,A, 'teaIl~logiEIJ clle· blUld1B~lnento; ~~:!ii~cl.ad_a ,~
Di_qd1als"
Idet«nni
N~'atuBidade ~1i'l:em:tec~~icas ~ :~r-mitem .. q I!::"T !JDl OS $,O»U:Hi:j, em ,~,']l lll,[id: da:d ~ s' b
1 I
~~
SS:
I~
IODi.t'3l~:
j_
~_
loBt:!noil:Q:g18:D,!
,~", ,;'.
(]€!cl.ll,Ul.'..AU
•
~o'
um
,Sl;gJ:Jlu:.i,.,o;I.w.",i!l!
=,~,iI,~..,r"".';:'~,..,..
h.umOOl~~
Ie' d,o
~po8ubm~'~~tr~~o.
p&te.r-I:ridacle.
ACIDO,S; NUICLEICOS
,.. , ' , " ,':-: \', , " ,'" -, " ,,;#,' , ,.::,
'
IlfH,mU900'
,~e~che;fj ~~~dp v:lIUc~·pii;,.~~--U a 'p~IE!:Sffl".M~ ,ooms~re die. d~L'HM'ltU.l.~:llI;~,ub~'tiUU::i@;~{a£l!d,M. E:lll 1~6,9., den .~ ." "do ' ,';>,."~J,lOU ,~1 ~I(#~lili[d~~, '_ ~" '_,-_1t&~~~~ .~I_~S fI!;t~l6ii~. A;~~~' eo]: l'9iM~ '~I DNA ~ iidt...""n.1tt1icf~do ~mr~Q' ~,d!J ~m.albiiI §t."niiti6o :ro1aclmmoo ao OIJT.1I1r~d[} cl@!s .,a:a:ivii[J~,~Slooh,d~m~ ~~ ..iflte~IDooio d.o l 00iL'litJn1~ da M~~' d£ p!"IlJWIM8. o~i ~ ,8~,IDllwto8
L ~. ~ _" '
A Inbooe
~~
pttJdIlZiTIr
I~
-.reaIidn{]Ie!. ~
'~S:'
'OOIlLWm ~~
l~~
,8$,
sm:l1uxr
~'11i~:~i:"(;o:.,
~ea;sl
p~.s
pI~
~'~
quG ~
,oo111lla. '~Egfl
as. nimia
I~,~]~
Exi$t~. ,cinOdl,
~ncO'r.lItr";!J!dla;s' nQSl
guau:ma
U:n..:
ifG)j ,rn.tnsina
il1J(JidiJS
ti:PQ$
de lsases Illk.r::og?n8!CRa~,·
11!Uc1,miO~;
~m:~,·· Hmina,
!;;td£nm~ I(A),
~TJ
"-!Io!I~.II,Jo.t"il,.;r~
OOImQ' Q$ ~iIDs lI:ude]~~_~ e~tioQl' Sem.pM· a.~1Jc.U,~dO'~.?i pro~:i:1l5'~ fOlttrl!a_:_m3' If11Jcloo'~n ~ a~;; 'T'r-~ ...&pOS Hti cl'Qi$" "tiPO!5!' do ,~d(]o~ nu~~ruoo9: 0- DNA (acido decs1illrirrib~clei(;o" am :po·rtUgiLl~8AnN) ~'.0
'RNA
of a;cidili
:m.tro_ge:l1:ffiidas podem. ~~l" de:u,iwdlE9J~, d~~"·~iu:~i~ia~~ ~:ta:tioeh am,~~ pUFi~;~ ,a.dt~in',3 e :m'llaDin8~ @u derll"wEJ;S das 'p;hiInidinm;, sendo Idi:tM, ,J.dll~i!mfdi~: 'eJt;()~m~, bm ~Q 3, "e Hracoo,
~'~~ .1:1 '.• 1 1 .. _. : .. I_ "'I
All: bases
D,NA
As bases puricas estM .pu-efl~e6 tanto I:IDiJI ·QI1J1sn:i;.o no RN,A. P~(remi das b,~8l'es, pirimiLd;i.C8l:Q! n' ~ito:sifiiil:,. e camum ,Para' amboa es ,~cido~ ·~l(l.cT~it"Or:;ri m~,~ 'tiwina e !~hu~i.v~. dill ;~.
[D, :: Ai
"COD8li:~rui~~'
0$ d,~do'$.iii,uCI~it.us.S~lit bilopo'l.~:e~~~, c~jQ~' 'IR'ou,ibU(l:FUS ~untdades ['o1:rstl:tumt e~" ~'Blli~ d<e1lDlllmlMla.:s DJurib:!oEtdeo'S. Pedem s~ '~1J'roI.Mm
"
~~8
1C'B:,d~
nudsobid.eo resruhbL
"I!iii·i~an-:r1;,t:i,...lld I!j~ ~"-II!J!~'I!o;OL'"'Yi~"'_~
,_!!!_.
iI1Ii_liho..~, ,1f.~"""~IIA!I'~
n ~.
"Ii"lf"l!llii;;jjj;
,_~!!!_,
'Ii... ",",~ D~
~n'OO'
n'llfe:leotfdoo de'attl-uiclo de
',SE!t1J.
ra{lje8J]: losCa,to ..
ou ,@iEd~ Im1
fOmlacl]v
ti'~g
c:r-
. 16-
II a-oHi., r,a"II
I
Ql-i
As ~~~
~Al piIrrh;;:a_s
~~.mJr
,Q.,
A. l!IDi~
II']U!clootiidsO\.
')I~ w:r
!f;mJ
el'
'tarEto, ~) DNA
qll.1.~'b·Q' ti:pO$
.fosfD:~O fP0-4) ,e eomum para.es d.oia., llip~ d!:e. acl~~, fitldei~p$;,,nNA :e IIN:tt J~. a 'p~tGSR PJr-~lJr:t:~':no B~A, i~;0:1: 'r:i~os~~ 'B[iI,gu,anh"l n, peuttlliS'B d.u DNA ,~ a, desoXllTllbose.,
(l~adical
d:ife~-e:ptel'i!
ll~~ 8:\0
utaciTa..
'b~.~ .mtruge{):laJda.s:
g~~!lI
0-
d ~N.
.0='1-0
11i'1,Jl!11JOt~! ~glW-
A, .a~I,8ij:iQ·I~.
II~B~ee;
IStO"a¢lli~~!tr.uO'I!!b1to..
mo'],€culil@i de J],N:A .~ nNA cads nncte(1tfimeo Ugado 310 orntrn .:flj.1i.raves de urn. :rai:U,c.aJ. fOilaJJOO anldo ao ea.tj)tll'll.,Ct d.e il.ilme:["(]; :3 O~. 5 ~a
~>
Nas
poot~;
.~gd~DP
lCillliraoo] o.nde 0 comtmiu de· eada [ad,Q' eorrespenda aij'~ ,~~.PRIile[il.tO$.I~~fam:'~ d_!i»d~~ti:bo!Se~!, 08; as e,
~,~a A 601n;-""
..c·1tiiI
i:..
_~
ii'l'me ... ~
1~_II..;o~JlJJ_o
Id~~ll!S' S'RO ~ .. bases nit-roge'DEtdu de 'uma de iQ!utrad3ta, como f~IiI.nleiQjS dliE!g r ,Ett'nS ,aLtI1lrb ]:!G\r. U,gal~e~ d~ po:rnte~ d~· .mcKrngemo. P*m"u~ '~11Ltil(l,' ·ej£li.t'acct~riliat· a 11lJO]iI!{l;u1~ de: llN:A (l¢~m.~) pf~~@lnindn l!l:Q].~. d:!;[p:~t~he]:~:ce .C(~,m. a ,dibletlto mtif~n'ilu~·). :sptlL(;iab:ne:O.te g~aLTIdj) ·p~a. ,i3L. e :ESltrutu't".3. Ii. ~truturn
!~:i:k1J. e i(!OJril(Jl, .!l!iet~dr.1a:QJti"pat'J,l:t\E:J;~ r:atE. sej~ as duas fl.w OE~. em dir.e~(~ op~sta.s..
,~·',5~ ..ijia~enl~ ~u ~.d:~~l w$f.illU~de utn. :rujcl~cl't1ideo,,E'ilm e~jb(Hil]1 Idla.. .pr:;;ntus~ d(1l ~'U.l-.rol nu;!il~Oitt·d~I) :P,O'r ]~$Q1' ..~ d:uq .. [:_~dB'l ~ DNA ~~.(g dl]w aJt!rtjpaFti1:el~. 00,. ~~~., ~ en~;_[uaJ]:LO nUIl1_>Hi tias; :lit..J.; dn n:N.A as 'tiga$flcs;: 1~:tiIt~m j 08· ·In,]luloo!!tid.e~ ton"t~nJ 'no sen:tLdQ 3' 5\ na "Ilt~ comp'l~DW:nt~]'" 10 ~nttdQ' d ~ li~a~o~~· ·fta'. Qj
W!~i]j~)U1O\S.
I~
DNA ,~oi.pt~opostRam W~31 ppr Watsoo.·,e Criik., . Os nUi.(::len.tl~: &8 U.U'it3. mesma ,t:alrlLei3. e~r~·o
a'tr,a!ves,' de liga~,
.A. U~>rli ()tor:re ~erttpre ~ml"e '~ ham: Dm~)c~ nma p~ri:mJdica·. Ntt;il DNA. a. adeDtimia. se ]iga. e pair duas :[roI\a'i:~ de b~d.Iv.Mo ~,'~a. A:gu.allill~.
~• li:g~. lL":i'oos:ina. ']l0:~"I..rii~ ·p'.O'DJIJ.e~ de hid.r.l)girnrfuu·,
A=T
n
(..!Ii
:=
#'ill 'l,J
~Ci:ld:e.1~5 e:n.t$l':l~o.tlegtAra ]igEidaili na .;r.1ta, ·.liH:fa. ·~·al1.f1g:u.r~.~.~!f:J..e h~H!Ce p(Jf" pM't~ I~e·· ·h.:li:cl:~.'O.g;e:n-io entre bil1h@ie~. em fi sas O'P{~gtas.
~'dtllag
L~~ ~O'[1!eU.~l''-!.Sel BE duas ·fitas sao Sei'iilllll'e. ioonlp'l]emen.lr.:En~oo. Se·'voc@i souber as bases de ..llD:lSl. " ftta peode· eonelnir sTIb:r.1e a mqOOncia de bases ds
'firta ecnnJi!lm1')J8nm~. Portal1to lel:1Jl eada iragnlBUOO IciI.e, DINA, ~ qu.snt~dad.e Ide' basea, ptirlcu Q. ,~[rimJdic:as ..e ssnl'pre' ~ metimm.
j
·Jiul,oiie,li·
-I!l ---
propriO! 'IlUlteria1 hn\[);rm.J1u~imrrtBl ~t!~co de eada iu:divid'Uo, {llU, '~aj ~'6B1TI!a tndas as i]lft'Qn:rt~c·Qe is :g en e·U!c,aJ. a: ~m, sn as. s~qo.enciflls d:efin..id~81,]9' ~m-gdeoo. .. Ass1ut .€.aJIla e~cle e· eada .maividluo pM~u.em uma i5eqritDncia ..:II~ d1liJc~, leam,cte::r]zan.'IJI# ,3 e:spec[e Ie g~an:IWlD!fJiU a ~=;jt:l'" ~...:i.~ ~'1,,~_j: d ~1~ .• JU!].•. LJ[mu.~a·, J e '!U.liI' a.ir.gaIll~mll.
'_.!iI • ~ ~.""
o ·DNA, e 0
do .rtNA...
ser
'E!·m-tmm.R
deve
de snatuza
d,8J.
dnas :fit:ns. Segm:utoJ·oo I[lQ;-VOO ,11~~oijdeIiJ5 d.e~m ~er ineorporadoe "e.M_ eSlld~ Ilt~ ]:)01" .ug~CGe~.. OQ7V.aJente~ ItS, a egu&nciaJJ ri1!efiirids: ~e1:o p,aJ.'1'e'anlen:oo>. ,dSl!iEi '~~:~e.~ 'lBo-m:ple·mA3!n~N.
.Ptl<~,emos" r'e8!!Lmnicl8nlk~ute; entender qlll~ ,~ !~1l'Zim.a 0 "A~potim~,ra_'8~ ~pi3 ~~ ·]).i!:mJte~·de· bJ.crnfJ<R!@·mo entre .. s bases n]1tl~,~dE!;S. de uma ~:. a
, j~iu.:as-
"" ·1Di...·d,,,,,.,........ "" 1I'Ii';"~ ~.~<::'....,.;.;" .... "". ~l"'CI; "''''w'·: !y~' 'v ru' ..,::;LLLVO ,nbllG 1tt.LI:1I. jJ;~,J'-a.JL' "'l, "W. ~ " que :s~o'M Y,l'l]SSas;pr'Qteinas. A;m[fb']fmR~Q gm1lBti~a ,ellte:nilJidBIJ, da fOntta, mais ~1n1pJe~, 'possiveJ ~'·nma -:..~ •.,...,~.... P.l,j.;.cU~i .,.
no:!
0'"1;
VOfS jrl saba qua R difC:r:e:11l!~~ todQ~ os. m:g~UB 'viv'QIS ~ a gu.~1I!Iti,&de: e ,i5Jj CU:ualida.dle de
e:nt:r~
~:im.
ltloaB"Q!j
pw:~. que: .~il~aBrcek1Lll,W;, proCbll~@I]}lj;.adSL8 lD!l"Utelina~ g;Elm"8ll:Ci!t1td'cr assim, tod,aa' btfsaa,iEi Ca1!'admBt~as. 'e 'ft p]_'o~ iiDd:irvidusJl:idiade,
,85·
as.
D:NA..:po]:~]]le'r~
in:rul&::ula-~
outra 'ltta: -dlr) DNA, Cads i€ade~:!1 polinue ~~tjd.ea! ,6JJg'm"3 sepM:'8J~la, ~erv,e de WtoJii£l'!' pam ~ov::El HUt omnp']en:lJenttar em ~ litt .. rnieSma e~_a!.
m:nii
P'o:r. O'UUoI 'l~cliQl, ha tI'~S'. (}tli~~!l.ctGlj'sUcasq'i!J~' _g~ante.m, c s ueesso fm1cio:n;aj d,Q n:NA;: leJ:,e e' ,~p;,J1~ de, :!:!1oIT'M"' ·m;p.t~e.Qc:!i.·~0 qit~~' pTiomov~' U;ID,~:' IIToC~; tluiri\;ltniica d . SlIla5' i([fo;rma.9G~'S ·jj!jOhJl~g[;!1 idlo, t~~:m; lSou.e di.r,1,pJi.~9~a·1t!1 p~~eii~sa, CJ que
b':aJ]~:mi1tido~, ~Edn]a. p:i!U!'~ c6h.tl~ e .e ·p._~~d,~,peJh;;~ ~eb,Jl~.·par,~. .. 'q~' :Sej.S11iD. plfodu:dd:(l,s S;•. M! p~;ote~'M! 'ID g,:u~ pl!l8MlIilltBl Q1llie '!Pile '~M3ljaeJX]n'~o aafbrma ~ urn.
pBDUi.-ite· '(1ILl~'8~ at ':fiebnffilte
.nu.d,eofJdMt3, llvres ~'1JO e[t.opliffiSil:llEL~ b,1co:r~o(['8]ldo~. ,p~fi!,l1el-'jO!lm'J}~nte!. .9. tIm 1na]de·, P·o9S1lv€'is enfJiS lUll
ns
~aooo.mgid.o.g
;pI\OO0$:801
'ffi1Zim.aJ",.
,cl'UimiEt :replina~io? ~d,Q mpo s:e.micO:!Il!Serv,ativ,~ l(cacla nova m(d~ttllTa ,~ f:til:'U,ua(Js: :par LlLttua filial. ""''''1i~ ~ mobile: IC' um ',". fita ~:tLOvaJ, iBiL' ,I:Jl.U, b ..... . _ ""~' ""' ~_ , _
Logo;JI
fli
d!E!1 [h],J1:~~a9@ dn
E1NA
A. ~ep1i~a~1 sempra ~.~ip~ a prropri:fJl lmvisa.o cel'nl ~lL". Por tel" ,~EnnpJ"!euma fi:ta '00l1101 molde, ~te ~'8to' rrlbmi:ntuL muito ;8 i(!CO;I\~e:rilliB de
erros IIilO 'i;)-l"OCesSO. ,ii
tr~notipo.
.B~pU·~~faOIda DNA
q iL~e(!I D:NA ,'Qde "Be, replicar .num tube l~,eensaln, ~~g'fi,fO';fR d.a~ c~ltl.la~, ~ ~},r~~}@D!~i.a~· bH]ea~ m.',aol. Glipr,6p~:fo UNA, 11mlS ~n:zirllla ,e8t;)e:c'i1~,C3. que
!QistuI'a
D1.tcleot-f·d!El;t)i;i:.,
demnnatreu,
!~lrigew
.0' DNE\ matE/riM WOl"lID.dDnal gen;etiflo. !est~, em:c:errnulo 00 Ini,C'1190\i,Cemo g~an(!.S. 'em 'a.H~;:bu.a <aT.!l:~]ise; ,jB infb:rms;~, ge:netica f:: U1B8f.. "~fecei~~' p,.m"8 qtJ.e' .se. pro ('bJ1Z:BI1. i:n:o:tei~sf sendo
lest~Si l\espiQ:1Y5~.ve~iS peia, ex,p]~8aql ld~~ inD9aOI:i!: C~.1:.",llctet'es. 0 n.NA ,~tl.~~·n·ad.o nu .l~u.c teO' lOOlsi~SPOlfll:de ~~ m2lOOU'~n~ ,isS ir-ece-h.as· e·:r.Q, .~_
·bactii!'lE'-i..a:.s) e- uma
('J:jj .
s~la~ a :pr-el~e:fi!fa cl~~ q u~'''ro bases ~.i:~'iiog"e~,;&d.as·.~: G.~T' e C'.. :A.. Fl1 cou dal~ que Ide ~_mDdo Q,DNA.s~'l!'vle; d~ mOlde:'pam ~ao d~'p!rodU:~8t;cl.e :tniMS UNA... ,A qllce:staO !cientXial e:[f,3j eemo R. :rea~ao IOCO'ITllt..
Ij)[]ifre.. No
:~.conJ~
Em
1'95;'1 um~,
@:lij~.ni.iJ'lICia ~~~ln.t~.;dn
'~UB 8
pr-O:~j()
_de
're.~li'cm~ d~
pOl'
.BepZicofao
P~l·,S!
,seTJi:t,ic'Ons~,.vat=.~V\fl. id'tJ
qUl~
DNA.
'$eDlico:nrsenrRti~9 d~ DNA hi '~ru;~u-'O~~e.nciM b:isicas;' a ~a,wncla .de llUlL' ·DNA. Jg~ sirva ~.e. woi:~,e. par~:±Jl .~ fOT::]]la::cao -de. um.,i¥Jj. tCf1d,i!!i'[a ,eolllPljelJllL.~ta;jr~ Os q_.uQt~ -t,j:po-.s de n1!1cleotfdeqs diap~w\te:ta,. IJJgo, !presenp d.o8; q.l1~'O :b.p~ de.:
o(';orra
.a
l'eplh',SliCHQ
'ribu:und.e.feu~ 1(An;N o.U 'KNA1\i' A ·1t;rru:!JJ3Cni;M ,~ nm pto(l~SSO S@iIle:nOO..C!EIW :~ ["I~plliicaJy:io: .~,'pos~ao do nUJGi,~otideQ '11a·u1.o1s,{nli:a de JtNi\: e' 'oom;pl!t!ill@9.W .~ "seqi16'ncl.a IM$ bases do
que ~. ~eg-ue ~TI'~~rtbte:'
0 :re8.~,t;:9Jdo da H81lScdCM do DNA. sh. longos p'o.LrU:]]*r-;()S~ semelhantes ao 1pl'"o'p ri () ,D N,A'i d,~,i[ti,om a lci~JJ!!S h;JJ a !lJii (I,O'S,
DNA
baBee UIMl.rQ~a(tB:iEi ~ A,.' :G~ T ~ C; a ;ilm ZllDS TINA ~fun.e.r;a_He P~l:a, e.arItaHS3l"8. l~~a,~ litDjJ8forute d,~' Ie
A. = U;' IG· .. C. 'C'aditl mrilBcuJ.a d~ !rNA 'feJll1l. i:me:.io' em 'U!lll ~specifiro da. mo:],eru]a m-o,]de ,d.e DNA~ ,~
00!fi'1:'l"€:ndo
'UllQJiII:ilia
ii!!:_.
Q,
pSI.!'e;rmlGliIW
e:n.e:rgta ...
1ll9" '~~!lJ
.'"'_
'l.:
d'""''P-'''' ._W,-,A..
m.esnlO
!DOW!.O
seu.
n !~,rnIil :li~rt~~J
,!t. I:.
,.
,..,,t..
!!Ill
c:a",,!;;!,;!!i~xh!~ ]l~~l,
-i-.-'lf~·.l'
'L
~1I!l'Zil'l!;l.iJl ,!I!w:;',,~
'D1!iIi.:T'''.
IJ~, 'Il"ez. 'er:i:I'ie.ttitM H .smtese ~a. :m,olemJia d:e .RN.t\, se .sepai:a ,{lOITlple~m,te_ .do ]D,NA- eonslderandc .qlLE,e a cad:eia 'DNA-Rlq:A,e;: wm'!lQ ~nffM'v,el, estrntura A das mo'te1r;:1l1a~ dle~ RNA. no ~nta.]]to,; soflie 'romljfi_c:a~~, P.OJt" pmeess05, pM~i~r3:ns~:r'j~irO'nai~~, d,mD1ut"hl en.'io, fJS, ilifi~.-ft~1.1'Ii8S, ti,po~ de ~ fl,
rU:!Jllbn,etr,a~,e au 'tl'sn,,s·crii.ptase'.
• 1'1 I'
1,
,aljltel!:1en.ta,=!i;lJe, di v:i.d],d:o e'm, t:re ~ fiipt'H~I RNA ri,h,eu~ISIO[mr;'c,o: ntNM,~RN'A m@'usa,g,~:E~o' CBmnd e RNA ~!id,firbi1(t(W (KNAr)'"
RNA
DNA ribossj-lmco
das '~~lu]3
S',
m.N"A~lI")
ITlia]S,
ReFl'~e[]l,ta u '~po
c:n)mOS3tl':m:o'
we l~(r~o
n ilIi.da.s: ~c
'~J
0' RNAt
:~tmlrU~$
paJlt~,
'vTh:Elveis' mieJ,'Oseopio ,m!etrOr:.ico1,. Como voce' ,~a;1Je~ :EtO estas IPEl:mEnl~E' [r€'p'r2se:nta:1l1 0 toea], da :\!im,tess pmMica
m""1I"II'B!IlI,~r"" - - [~~tK~l'Uj
fiill;.f'\A lIJUL_~ft
~ad,nzirll~~ I~ p:r:ab:io3.$, :S~.Q lbnTI~tlw.'.·~ p~t dit -rog]oit~ ,~tiVlajdo D'NA 'lr.e·spljjt~~ ~,Y,~i'g ,]l~ la e:>tpr'e$',"}fio g~ni.iI:,~,·O~!"Q, I~!ru;{~\n'b"t!i,.~'t.l'l'iodoo no nl~c]@@ ~:~:':!iro t!!O ci"~lJpi"t~F1O!;)i 'l'l~5h~, aUoolr:Jdo ,lOO 'ribo~on](is. "pal1:fci,pa d~ smws.@ '~W](:a.
,Sr!II'"
{) ,iRNt\m, 11l§~ I() fD,u]iI~ap!O PJlt" Hm, Jlla~enlfj ~~~le$ dc, ~!L]JJ"Heob[de(t!~,e rep'treBiE!'Q.'t~ it'il, ,e.~Jpi.a. dos
gm~ tliLD_~ dil.~ve-ran,
,D pe~
D'l,(]',]elR]~]1U" .dQ
dio! tamanlw
I[!Qd.iJ:i,eaJl['.
~!r,~
~';I,.".~
du , .B' Ii"'fIN'-_i!'90
iIo.
'.'
:!Jjal@iJt.i''lt~Ii:le~nb~, ~1Utt'~, asssm a q,ua:ntidad.e'· d(~, 1 'IIt~.O em l·~d;ga i~lrd'~, ,;;l' eada ·m~um,e:l'lIt~J., '~Jn'ui.'to e' ··!ti.3., ifl~.as mill,J6otU, ~. - ~.M .- -; mais . ~,t- ~~- . _ ] -,;" pe:q,U~iJi., _ . i!i!i. plfo .... "l::..: Idjfi~e;i:~ fusolar- ~ p:~:ri t1~, ficat': (]',ad~, ICO:niu:[;Ib~ de Ike.'liB: bases, iIJ:bi)geni!iJ~;
-: .', .. -,. ".,~ e=
-e-e ~.
Boa
'tem 'vi.taJ
d,ltt-,~~~:' H 'ieDd~" ~m~o ~',~ul)~'~ 'It1J],Qcl:ifieaJ~fiB5 ,l1Ii$; t_Ufi3rent.e~ c6dOris~ mna:ijtu.em M ~,hrun~d;u m,u:ta~, :g:~ie;~.,
ehalna,dn oodorn~ SHli1cl!O, ]'\~rl1S8h!e~ ,~~la'codifl.ca~o de. d~iieI:mi:n.qcfio am;illljlacid.o. Pnde, no en~:mt.o, rnmt- .mais de nmJ ,~(klf[Ji] ]urra o meBm'Q mninoacido E'no8 que pD1nferttunaJ Oco.rra::m:
do .RNA.Jn
'tra~~~n:,~ioi"
~tr~d.t)1'"
o RNAt ~. fODll"r!ad,r.iF por uma ~~!~~i:a, m,1I1.ito· peq[uena de: n~l~C]w[:deo8,~, ffulbra:!ila.. ~bFll:me .masma, si eom, '7'.Ei ~ loa 1:rl,uuiLeli:t'~'deos,~ ~eMo, pO'J'iI:a.:nJ;o' n $T.ILeliJJnw clo!1; '~l,~ ~~ /RNA da ee:luls" 'l}eBtJ
,moroleetilar viadan_a~, 'entre
,23_0'00
(KNAt) ou det~mI;sfe:tenei;;J.
'OlQ [u.\cl.eoi mi.gr.:sn do 'pa:ra IO!Jlrto,plal3'Dla~ on-cil,e. dessmpenha uimta, ,lhlll,{:RO. clas D1am iru:pmt8ll'tea: !::a-ptur,iia;, ,~ .tr,anspOir.ta. a1l"fri:no;1cidolil, at~ Q B:N"..:...~n·~, estandc ,!€ism as5Qit1,a;OO ,80, rib~amo. 0 RN8:t ·P!l)de
I!!e {ioD:l:bina:l"
me e ']Jrod~do
e' 30 ..udfj.,
~nl
~cedido de ~UMm{!l-],ecg]a~·,dce 1t1Jr;~d!lJ cit:idil~c{';!1 (C), comum a todas as mole~!]:la:stie RNkt, reF,~nti9l. 101 hJK~@i~iIB m1..i:Bio com d :() ,a:m:h.l.oecid.o" Ha nm "tel'{'1e.ir.o 'i"''if''[t.... . qu"', .,;: ,,? 'I"iI:ioma~',.r:.';l!.",," I...", ~ .... ae ~ ....... ..",iL""'.....iT!i'!i,oi:iill"i.t"'" ll"-!libo~m1Ilo,; Fb'l..EiJmel".IJ;te!, ~l!m.lq-.-~O slOO 'que' pG$TIi uma aeqUil];ci.a d,el 'I~B' ba;g~ C(D,mplertltmeoxrta'l;"esi ao ~iHlo.u rA~[lI1l$~tV)!J 'FlO]!"" 'ft:~o:n~:iJe6er~,nt'U5iJ~a'DI d.t'll : ,t.:!!l--- 'r': - ,atrrin'l)ri~al~ 'mlQllec:wa de' RNAro_:l 0 clla1Jl]~~.do na
,~.Il;llillU. JIG!O
I!'IJ
[!OJ ~ ... '"' ~
_~~IUI~~_ll~,~~JI.~~II,JJ}1:r-Y
1.11
~~--
-...
,~
..
~--:_-
attrl.IToal,cif~Og.
a.e
fAj,1.'m.3,
:weVle.mlve:l
eom eertos
,Pd~ ~
I~te].ea
e:ID
IOrmRr,i!l+
E:Sltmtg~almeltte 0 RNA'I l~tQtbr~, 'ttQ1. btW!(J ~plattQ f{j~b ~~:,~ ,(:_~t]a, ,~rolha~ [1i1~:~lfJ tOO'~$,PIJ ride ';1 urn ,~jti;~ c$]lIedfiw~ Logo,. ,e,z;ci$tam qt~:~lrosJti~s 0" ,0'
t~~~~l1ta u:nifi@ jiLIDto' a llllmIrr:i~ q.u~ iltiv~. ~
RNAt;. Urn '8a,~d:o' sitio,,. '~p1fl@'_g;@ntoodg a s~U:;!,iiu~Dici~ bases de n:i:bogenatdLas 'CIC,~ pe]n acido adenilieo lA J .Agotl\ q,1}e j'
fun~ill)l_;u~.i~" n1 .prinuziro U
']g~,
d~
;!ll.ol
iIIjl:ll.ll~!'I
le~bJ[,(h:I;]lJ)OS, cs dciiios, :nucit6'~,Q~. :~(]dte:r:m,l'():~ (t!b~r:'lf.a:]"" M pri_'_~t]P~~ .ai'f~P~:llt '~Ii,tlre e]lC8 ...
OO,mp'af'Jlt],V,;i,
p3,l~~
,m U't\·,
A.d.dD bf:fui\co"i'
d~~mribQ~e~,
,ooe'ftW:a gnamna,
oOi
:p~:lio.se:
&~ido fGsf<Jrioo'~,
,~enw.se1 :.rlbCJISE!! ada'niu~. gu~'r-rina,
dUKW
l~';~_
,a~1len1i'ma· i1Ll,~nmttJ.'"
o!J)l'tr;,t_8· bi'l:8~;
p!lm:rose: ribese,
d'OO~lIi!iii, ,~
'timiJN:li,~
cltosin~ e
J!lIff]~~
citosj.[la~ '.ll-:f!Jdlae'
Tl:anBpar[41
a:mlM~l!S
n,
,.J:: _-d
O!1=
,~ ,M'
~1"
difOOcmiR~~,
..I. ."
ne ,annl1(l<8I..c:WO!1na
oJ...:iI
~s.ipo
jpl"O:t..e:wa;
,Nl..~
,doroip]IMb)s. a.1_gum~
'~;
(surro:tQ.nt~},! ,11lll![,ar5ide, . :lI?rincl.pMm:e:['],1[e, nfli • .i1'" ~pl'"Qt;rJ]rioIXOOSJ., C-ltopia.Sl1!1a~, nJll~D.'QiI· lUi"toCo.n.d:ti®.s 'quf.tIltidade nn
jJj6~]erJ:
r~"-lII
t'JI.r:i:
•.
·o't1iO -y"
:
ill' ~
II~:V
iil:.ilnrIJ'lZilIQ':GI' JI.llD1~1
D' .'
I.tr-a.~ao
expressas pelas protelln.as que
:nl!8urlnIl.m1li_{~~ .qUH O! ,[u:::gamS!I.!1)
f:6d~ifi., J1'- .q,'ua,ul] n 1I:l~[e dees p os,~tvei~: t)'Ef a. denkn an, 'U,c:I,~o'[.,i d,e a ,~, gu anin ~:.Dl!.u~J.~",o,'Md,e 0
,t:~~f}J~:ta,[l,ul11ldjra~ti' (i,eo,
Thd:ag,
flS, tal',S,e;Ir:e,r.1"s,ttcag,
'pro~erf.fi~~. Per
!!il;~,~
sirnte~Zi~ suas ?[ri0i~", Ca,da ~~H~a de 'b~es ni'ta!l~eri~das ,din])N~A ,~o-m irdl:fmu:tfJ~C1 p3j~~. ~UJDteti~U.1,llltil:a ~![\il'~f.n,a. tf!. eha-lll2i:lia.,geu.eouge~ ,illbn ffi58 , !UI :DE E C],iclit p:a:vplisque, ,enJlbfir.":a 0' UNA roccl'~nha:aS' ]1iI:Sc~,'t~O~ piErr-a ,il ~Il:l'tese de p:[lorte,rl1l,~,. 'ooijavis" rq,o.e-~ ~ge d!.~tam,e~C1,te:naS1!1as(n;1:ese, i) RNA. '""~~~tm,. ,e~tabe:l·e~.a."I$e·\Si,~l.a~a,Q n'N~& R..~:Ae (
Q.t.d,<1f"ij1
l~,
e ill 'que
'p:lOr].1ir2i.e:l1il.
~~o as suag
Jr"
,~o~
en1ra1'l:rn'l bfi
1M
im,ia;gi~l a~
,2:0 a:w.~n(]a,ci,d..Qs, " basico~, eo:!I~£f[i:h.ttu.. lo, d nossas protdna~.. :AssiIitiL 'p~u.le.m,Oi&
,qU:tJitr.;O
e ·~31dl3.D,uule~1..{,Mi:L 'N:~,
possf.~ei~ fermande
portan
l'
bases
64 c6doi:LS.pnS$lve:is, E,sta '~oria foi P((O'pust~ po[: Ge{f~' ~mfiW e E, Cari~k D~ 1~..'li 1""~""iI~....,,, ''''p', .""[ici.":',"", ~'''';~'': ....,~""', zon'm"""''''''' .r,:....,.~_ 1lJI~ :in:ii:il10d,eid!il}I[ " de:tier:minandi!D., ,poOi5~, i:l~n,ai.s. ,rae
",o:.'
!t.dt1~U1tJl.1..Il_I:3," ,0 c:.!LJL~ l~.Il,·~ _lL;IJ_i"lJIo). ![;;i;3,y.~!i...:lIJl.IJ.L,aLL_~
00 de ,fi[}l~,i.i.l;Srr'
parada,
~e.i1lmin.doji d~~ta
fbr:mla:~ 0
I~
O,GA,
am,
de
uma
He1:'
,P:ffi ~eJ]:11li::l,
~n1!i.TA', .ru.~f .
ooililieaoo ~,r m~ de um IOOd.O.fi:l.1"3Za6 ,peJia, qu:a] 0 e/-l;till1go, ge:['J;e~~fj e dj:oo de,gel1.er--adlo. 'No en:h:;rnW ~,hom. '[~lblr'a'~ eada ~n e~:pe~Ea, um s6, ~mim)'.ddQ, l"ogn :i1IiSQ, anillr£gtlO~ ,e
Fila""•.,. 'Ii...'!O,J!.h:LC'i!Jl
d,
...
GeDLe
i
"',
e3r~ta~
.... .,..,I~:
ICiILJI.lL,U::
A ',sf!C'j;Lj!nda dl.e·li)ues d,~ DNAi ![)I~l. d~, g~n,e.,~,~0t1ji'fii.e3~, :~;ti[m, e ~~~.r:ilt3J" ,!~).'.:il[ilCtOO ~nl f~a de RN...~~ E9~'~pur sua ''We~~ ~mn:3Jnd.a,~, sU1te~e pI'O'bMe~ n.EJ c~~~Nil:'EilSnl~~ :pl'rJC€~1 dita
II
,se.~a~
,~o:fitidni!l
e.f!j])~~S
~p~~,
I!ti"'·'~1:!i.'be3~, '0
UI.l'ii.'\'i\e["sal.
...
Ii:::
oI!t£il:' •. ,,"
~~cI.Zii
as
'Ef!l:tas, duas
C'~a(!:be
'&~d;~p,o;
l
.bnportant~
i!
df) ~
'_-IlDi,~enal.,
't:re"ss. b~ii
i!lil~,~
do RN:A:mJ~
Ie
l~tabe]le(:i~
1fl'l,1 ,~~,~
ll'ela
p~]j],
19-64: pm!'
as
. ·~..o.;'d armn'l1'D.~l
~a.,
:re:]a~§.o ~n!tJ:"e
esouema ~~~IIl;·-~
JI.JIfl"1. ~,"I:J.rIll-
'I'~"" ""'.rl1<c" .... :w"..,,":i.i"'i~ .... i;!' .'!li.",r 1\;;;t~'liit.1!f'lir '.. ,.. blu~. 'PIJI~
"",,;'
,:.ill1"iii'li.:!"
~,r.>~ ~'~
"-"I~,~I;~
!~IJI.Il='1
~'n";/B'i!'i'''''d.....~)~;;-;';::I" JlAl,U,a,.'!.",IIUVill!o! ~.
'[fr:
C~o
lICU' HOC DCA
.1_,'
U'
IJU[J
I:
11
'UAU' I.
S'ewlIAC
~
~'
0 UGlJ ~
1
U' C
If]_u.l
UDe I Pfue'
rnJA I
lJ1IUiG
[ ']JLe,l!J.,
,COO I
CLTC
eUA,
II
[I
naG
COO
UM. I
'OG-
I Cy~
]
UGA, I
nAG
:11
FIm"
uaG
ecc
CGU'
A.
G
U'
Tm
one
.. ., t~AU ~
GA(j I f]i~,
CD'G J Leu:
A, AutJ AUC
]
I
II
II:
n~ e
Met,
ClCA,. .
eM
-dAO
AAU'
~,
I eGA .. I
A.
G
U C
.. lm G Awn,
,Lu
1
GGG I rurg:
A,GU
I, "
, < ..
Me
MA.
,
AGe I Ser'
AGA I _.' AHG I Arf!
,
A:Ul\
.AU(~, Q
IGUU'
AreA I
,AUG r t1b]!"
G
U'
I
'I
aUG
nee
~CU
I
'I
GG'U I .A$p
.GGe II
.~.".
,0
G'J:v'
BCA I
HOa. I iAht
,,",
GAH I f~]u
OM
GnA
II ~
GOG
A G
A: segl;11t:j',a: infOlEJna'@oo,(,.,6.{lfficada ']1.0 '~ltm. ~ (hl,~ no' .RN'Ar· 'C'OIU' (ii ,~u;t'UJo d,(!i !r' At! dietenntrnl'a!l!lliLo, assim, ilnrt~:iSeq,ti,e;nci;;l. eajve~1]ea de,
,F,jlrmi nmicidfls
PM,t!l1
A~,~,A~~WM
L~-=
-;
Lisiioa
"iiiiiii
• ".
.'_'
I'
, '.
I-
tBs; =<F.nstidirl~
(.J ~ ~ 'Glutand'na.
,t-~~
o]u ~;
&idto :~llU't~mi.w'
IO~ - GUem_a
~ J\s,paragill2t
",;. ~l.N'hri' 'ffl~'1TI.~WJO no '~·ucl~o ai"Iillaz-eroad'{J ~:"LO ,n1!1cleolo, migra p:am 0 IcitQP]a,ffilla'e~ ,ilIl~riadl] 'B: p'rot0ftJilaJjJ~, 'Furm ~ os lilbrns~omg5. q:u@ -fk!JlciQJlarn como ~-enOO\l'e$lt mo..tdcm·[iJ1ftclo It} aoop1:a:met1Lto do: iIf:nti·~6[1~n INAt) ~, dC:lt\odiHl ("RNAm) .. 0 RNA;m, U 1t:f!1le! e. '~b7rm;ad.o.~l leeais eS.lP'~'(~ifieos n$'molJeeuikt :de. UNA-; des] ~.!Re' piu"~ i'J. ci~,plasm~ !onile' se 'Ii,~ aos rft.hos is,Q(OlOS, ativando -ns ~ ~ forman.dQ 0 ~ :... 't...,_ .. 'II ~ 'I 'In;o'Jini_UiiSSO_M~ El'])~uantijj'U51!m as lIl11lO.~.'iE'CllL~d.e: as . Ir· RliAt ~i)[~ ,atilo~~. po~~ en~itl1as· ef!;p~cifiJc~:almirtnt(Nits,iil:ii,tJINA,l§int~we - lem_ P['i~~f~ dle ATP" I~ 8@" li:6:ta.JIl~·eada"1.1Il1J1 a l~mi mm.micidn·Ja~{rmoo. a
I~
~l
O. p;.eOH.
·pE(rwi]:us~,.
e·
~:QS!,JI
100,([10,
ptutfE.fnra
le_ M
pD'W" ,i!1l1rn
,ea'~~<ct--~~.P~~~"t~l g~·ne'!j),U ei8~;R ' qt.iruqu~Ii" ~:u~~eitw da molii~ul18 ds DN4 fu::Jrnnad:O. 'pm: urn,
:r~
lli6
ro.m seu alu]:nmicido" eacaminha-sa' '~~, u-ma-:re~o e~p~d'frt;£I.dfJ1,ii"'ilmssG'ml', !(![C_iijl am Jqu~ n ~Eru a.llfi~Q-dt\in. '~)~QmplemenWrft um dos ,c6rlooH .do. 'RNArn;,~ d.ll~~ ~~oc'ulas ~frew lim 'proC9S30 ,[1:'13 ~uopl~flnto CfW...Amn e RNAu! 'pol" P(!!H:te·~ dYe 11j.d.~,~g~nio po ~:~.hf_ ·'i~a.lJL,d~ acs 'ribo~.samiJ s ~ eJ'rt~H:~H31 ,[I D' rea~iU), ent]:"!!. 06 a,m.Lll.~ id.oH SU.:~ U:et1 ..t ~ S~·! po:r: 1iga~.o·~ ' ~ ,p~ptfd1rLM, ~)i che,gar ifljO CjodolJ] q!llJl! iiep~ento 0' ,at® ,fjfm.(setn. ,~eitni:'.a1oda ,m,ol,ectd a p~~.'YJt~ No entanto, a, ,~ilucijo 00' uur m[J~.e-eu.blcle RN~ruu sempre
(),ltN'M
'c
~,el[l
inidn
hum mdlpt1
~a;pm:li'liro'~,AJUG"
a
II
~lJB t'Qwm(;'f1
Q,
'rnll'ilesmos ,d!ds_prooe8~8' qu('; a. ,g'eil1te ,~)b-$ie-n~ Dai "~Olll~~mica~~; ~. 'CCtdHi'cafag, : ~e~:lida da dec0dlm,eac;§,o" t:!f.....
~'i'T~m,
lJS
primeiro
!IT~!1)\dd,~.
_I
~ tnuiEirf1lrencla daiJol"n:t~aO!
,1\. eu d'ifi.C'patQ_,lo
antes da, s:illmae tda :~([~mln.a sa OOllllPte-tu .. T'~'[,JIr~ ~:da Q, 'fiQ'rm (!t ~~ '0 a a cad e ~,~ n 'lPu\lil~~rnitfldi!I;a {I'HiJt~lI]tll),~ ~l7;rttt:li, ,e· liberada IJ· 01
rotnp,]~ltO
AT
110'.~ "
:METAB:O:LISMO ENERGETICO
H~: dODSdEl:S~'~ b~siCD~ para ns o;rgMisIII(J~
i!!T1.vl}.Q;: t:~JiJ:'il':I.!j
•
,..11'.
,~nm,n
'~;IDjae' a
ma.'~i?t
iti.Q(rg&nlca_ e q:u~,
para
energetic:EIl, utiUzada,
A ~otQ6~]n~l!Se ,~ ii, prhu;~'pa] po$ d.{l'mtr,tJJd.i;1!; l!tttl, ml.e:rgia e df.a 'm8iWIlll;. -pm',~, lOS' 5]s~Dl.lIS viv.tm ..
p~ra,
1!fJJ
mRUl1!ll!t.~a
tlljlalj:Uf:!ib)
ThdD' @'rgamsmo que ~j$.:p~,~d~,'um_,e;Ii, m2lLtri~ energetJ,e~ ,~nclo ,capaz de .pI'od.u* ma~~a. ~.:Ci:Ii,~ bm.do eomo .mflWlli~]JjJl'im.8 ~b5tmciw; simples, ~ wmadn .ar1l'l!6troio! .. ;3Jgum as, h'~cM;:daa cOJll!Iegu·etmL [lttilizar- ~ ~(l:"W';ii de eompasms· ·]tlJl~t~,th:iJi,oos pat:;t l!l'TlU,ijusir ~1!las m ol'~g.l a~
......S:.o;a.:IlLh ..;!o,e H::,~..~O : IO[1U ..,.'L, ","...-ri"a, J.1..... ii'I!" ·-lI·'m"li.....;!!;"""'.- "'i!ui!j,"'" ....&, - ~.. a!ll'I'. II"..,......;"..,'-m""-.... 'L.U,a..uuiF~U!l.!1 ";II,U,." U~, luall:l]D,Ii=~,.
nrgi:nims, ~ ])llrtir
:[1 :eTI!~gi~·liLl.rttill~a,
do ~l
dle' l~a\-'fl~s:
!J' ~~.
Iqlll~
e'm 'OF.~ttlsmos
Mr~:o:mCo
:Em. 'm~nJQ.t'eseala,
~uerlgdtic~
'Se
,A, 're~aQ
eham a,
jj..
o
'mu]e~la ciilutkts,
]l]'oCl,U'~o. enu~tiDQ
d:at ,fot!l)ssinbeSl!
I~
!pril1mprii~ It£l'oro:fil :~~o a clof.\o:61,;J ,ilj ~s iC5~;U~205'~~.Mi:~ :pre:il:el$iOOnas algas ~ nae;, l~m-ntEui S:iil.p.e:rt{)~~,. a !c!l~,:fibi; h, 1(lii5~lOO,d,N4l\1;g~.[]_l!le' ,e'. I~"" . 'Qa,~,aJ]g~h~' ,~et1de~ Ie·:DOS: veg~tr.:JJd sill;~erio~, A cl~~]:a JJ pR~eall~' nOS, ilte.ge:l;.:ai~ .s'1!lp.etilu!~, dni'(~£iwa;s e ,~gleu{~6t®.9c '~l !OI't:.e 'if"m.J[!!1 ,pi ~en'fr,o, ~
1, ~~ ,e?:!!(;osso:n;o.
]_::g; _01 G,
~.
,~mp'~];RlC!!.!i.,
'~I"~
,;r: -
laJ.l(!tI:
,..;il
Y;_~
1~~3)~
C(II T:f~]i]~:m,
0 r,\t-
Tod a, G'Il~
tranferida
al'liag{jni'C~~. JI1~nqua:nb) 1;1, ,rotra.ssfil,tese possibUita ,3. Ijjnu:1s:f.b,r.ma~EiJo de. ~:nergbL IrmiiooM ~ le1I:Jlerjifl
QliLlliIlnca.
• I
1b:,allsfo;l"m[ll.~~EFer:t(] 100~I"giiit:qtiimdLca ..
'pmraJ.iL
~;um.in~
£bWSS]JiL't~M~le"
Os: cm:.'1i),t~:n)gid~:
'VI®:rm,~UJi.~'1
arm;EJJ~natua.ool8
_..!i,
IJL~$
'I~"""", ,_,
~.L.~,~:oBSqll.llEllI:iL'il::-ftS
Pertencem
tedos
la~fIt
00:
~]~ropl@lBto\S ,e nas
ooma
MP ( A~no8in~" TF[fuSf8!i.fro~.
~ll.i'i;
!!7llle'.'~e~:
~
~,-
'iM""fi....
'-"i'I"
:rh,J'aI
,l',;Il~.~ol.I~~.,.
ei'·.a;b..... '"_oi'ii,~
0lIi
cel'!Li.]arnoss~mU~ ,Bj, l1Dtilii!:a~,o, ,I".I1e.ial'lal .d~ta 'e!.D,eigiSJ,~ -.tran8~il1~O-a,. ,aJ.os Po.riooa.B, para m.ol'~cl1JRs de AT1~ :fbn-fe Irlbreka ~, ~tlJ.ergla ~d;iU~4t~~ em 'trjdto~ ~ p'rn~~ vi.tal$.
,~!e.Sni~~;BJ:C\lio
~ ~
Icmvtmi05 e as, X.Bn'i1JimaS~ p're:s.en~~3 bl~ ns .erri clQliPfb']_lUasi;ljs~ portan.to, aiUlsen;t~~ron 'bnc~~"S ~ ~amob~rl3lS'" f.'tJil~ ~Mp[P!.O ~e!tg-caEifo1ie:n~e a: prm'~ip.aJl '~b:,[Il1tede wt~lljr~B, A.., A;~, f.tlc u'll&ll!in,;as ~ ~o'danina, ti azul 'e 'fi.6oeri.UiIl3, veI-jJ.u~U:Ulr, .~io ,e:[]]contra.dM nas ci~litdbfl!Il'~·Iii,3S~: 'em $i.trpi.u'~as d~ :rod.oJliooaJs.,
.rrO]'18p(l'rl~Or.e~
a;prooentn.m
oololrn;viO"
·,de Er~
S[)fJrH'
J"m.aig,
SeI'
t~ptl~r:'~i1®a
e 'GWdU.2idD!l
princiJ)
3] $-.
pal':a
a:oo"m~.e.s
.Aa duas
e_x,eu,ul:.a:n:u
1;JI
:hjidrog@niJo~,~~:a
p~pel
0'
NAD
de,
ii1·nb~·c .nci:asq.ue ~
mu
[(J',~~
die'
dec, l-nit~,~t.ni\fl;"
se
:FOtali&e; d:a [61f'.lJ,9 fai, rn~~:i3. pOt" Hill, ,em 19:87'! ,!]3, D'W.'v¢tmidide de Ca:Dl.1nirlge~. TltgJla:~etl.Ta.,A, ,gpande l.m,pu:rUil1da ita hr.i.b:Mo 'd~ , lIUI.:[oi fiI.em«l)jglrar I~u.e, a Ube:r:a~a.0 .fotO:~,ullrti.eiiL a:o O~.~,urn prrocessra -1.ll1.Ql.epellil.etJ,te· da red:ll,~&.o CO'l .aD
d:niT.m:a.t'e',[a, .f~'Mtss;tn'w:se. ,li.'tepaIm.ent~ que-br,ads em ,~eu.~ eot!L"L~co:ner.liMQ hi3:m.c~)"s, £6.I'i~, u:' ,q_UJe' ~era!o tTa!11~~"(::ri,dtiiS ~_al'a 'trarus.portad;o,r.-,es ,~re l~.id.E'og~ni,o'i {) .Nl:ADIP'
'~lri,~lllio U:v:re ~, tiber,ad1} ,pUl-.a1 a;h[llosf~['~. a
QllJ.irnli~IiDte f.aland:a Q ~'Ill!1litlla :l1jui~ 6 [db ~8.1e 1ll"t!t3 .Dl~ji,Mcw.a dii:!' I.lr,lLlcleQ'tl(te()~ :ri.bOlS'~: t 'b~e .!i!Ii:U.~j}gie,n~ -!fr' '~r;es, JIlIil!Q~['oo'lda,s,. ,d,e k~id.o
.rfru-Jl6l-Ji,col '(H~,P04J", ,ad.eD(l~irna, an re~tilI:tado,
SOb
:aJ, ~,ci
da.Ius
.a 3l,d~11H I~ il ribose, 88 ItOilve:r' a Iim:ii"{~'D,~, nm. acicl.o ,.iiam~ a, b'~..1~ a.dem:{~~in.a.. fo:rnl,lli, a ,:!tdenn~ _~fM~91:tu IW1P~ HfJ liDiLl~':r iliIi ,~t~;i6 d~' mais :Uin ,acldD' ;iJ~fm!l)O". 'te:r-e:e:£toa.entan, a. 3!d,entj~biiadifQ~f~itu ltADP) ..O la£r:~r;::ilLno de uroa w~b:'3 filQ';lit]C1lli&t ,de 'ei~lo ,f~)~f6,rit'ud ,fonn:lilJ a ,ad.e<no!!(ma 'b:jfu~:E3Jbt 'mu:lo
,e.Il.~
i
Chamarn~
,da.
,+ 20~,"
p;a'fS!iH;)$,:
Pbd,e,mo'S resumlr
;e'm. [t~
:]~,
ltAW),.
:Res~,~~ '~x,ob~_i:ll11m.s, 'que 'QC"(aI"I~~~n, llU c~h]jlit~l~lEIJ, p,~mde sua ei1.e'rgja apoovejjtada, 'e a rm a Z rre':n,a.d.,~ e m, '~HD 0 s,t us fit']? eh 8:[0,3 d O:S ;m,t~-J,':it:IA;:dt=-b:t{]~.Doo 'rn;ln:I,~U~9, iti,te'.E1Ilea:a~b:1,~s.u ' '
mais ,i]]l,partidl.D.'te.~ (II ~
~
~Lrn'l"fiffi:.l;~
..'
,A energia ,3:Cu:m;iL1JJjat~ no
6; p~lsrer[O~me.f.ii,te~, tiberrnda,
,flunl ita
!fo~~nre:!1:l;e
ijti~ ,SEi[fWe<:
E'qH~un
,(ott1!l8.l'J'l"tese.
A
~,~~
GC'02
t;
60\2i ~'lDI~O
,EtfJ!P'~ I~n,fnlfirnslntti'Bf!'
'ente:JLl.d.iJrlCl
,6e~n'~nleli1Q d~
[11
pm,rt~r de fluas
~atrl;s:S.futege" ;ei'!Jaj_rjD:
pfJd!.e
,~et'
1[1J llumnto.sa
Iua ~ ioW,~pens~,vl~l.
nl1l. I~UD:i,t~~,
1(2) 'q1dm'ica.t
,d£ti,ea,
rlua - clfft~lma)
e I~idical~
~stl:!tIF.a ,fi§,~
e!i.trOJ!Il:a;( . -. -
,Pode'ml~' entander' de 'fOrm'a sim:;p'ies, I[) b,ansit@ q;OO ,~1i§:~1"41n~· u hn:ig~'lIas· dt;Eas. ,e;C!li!.p'a.$. a ,etl~.a, 'liD.Il'iino~~. sew O~l
Qu::1Dd:u os 'pi,~piIten;Itiif~, "trO'ltl~Sm,tebl~!::lJ.m,teiS.abservem
e]~tru'nA fleam
euita~s
IUhD,J.JJLI.t..!l.LI~..w,JjIII
~,
I~j
IllU!I.It
~;""1",::-~".'1 ~
~.:;[lj--!
,£1..
!Iii.
IlPatrltir
d,~um ~ptot" pa:l:'a out!t)o. Ea:b. le:ner~~ 1:ab~ e us-ad,~,pflr;il ~~il':r:wai1' ADP em,"A1F, POiJ,"l:anltv, (~ , ,e16trmri!ij 'it~O sendQ t"Jav,~p'm'tadt!ls, em mVeila ,..lI~.......... .::1IA. W, -'iBl.-'~U - 'e-t'fF1:"J. Iii':'l,- 3- . d,C! ,lJe!" __ ~~~'l;iE:1t, ~n'i'A~: . __ _lJI __,_, -_.. :td:e- ,ttl h"j.61· ,II; d __ "'R&~ e);;tr~r $'rci'"i~ ,~cei~os por' um ,acep~oT' :{];m4\l. Fahmlom '~m I~~(ltoofoili'i~~":io'cicli'!:;~, ,tJ,~to b
~!l:I ~
.~! -e-e
a~lPt6:t'te.s.
d1:u.l
N~
!
b;,~])'H~n~,'
clll
um
,~toO[~(m].Qi
l'il'a]·,~.
ian'~, h~ a tp<e.t'iilia dJtf ene:fgia, pur' p:au~~e" ~dillL de' IE!Je'1t'ron en~rgiElI'e~ '1Ililli~~dEiJ I;UW',aIj iru!arporar' fost~,t~ae A, " p~pnul'UloiIlldo ATP~
'Ql1sndlo .c~da ~trn!L1 'rewnlll ~[) seu ljL]Ve.~, 1e.~'iU~::r'~~: "':] L ~n ri,jt~i a n a,'(i ~ .Il as ~,a.r 'p. al O@i' gin 'b:-EtIl8}wrtaJdo.res d~ elet;,f.;@11U!i s~!8i' de:vQ,Iv:tdo, :p~lrs!ffil
I'
,I
__
voltarem
d~ . IJi'ig:o.m. ~8€l!m:' d~'ta Ifi~:bj{{!Isfori]~ i~,~tclir.aquomdo ~s l~M-tra,rrs ~Wj } ~.~ [ el@b;'Oft vol~
~iQ!1
~~PQsto,
B~
,rrlllltt':D
oI'i;,ll'-l~
ao
t!f.mSmQ
~J7!.'l1m.,
I~~) l)'otofiM(o,,.i;l'aG>Rni
1Ill,~brl:U'l!n'
e' ~C8.bBl1I] a;j.l:1ie811d(~ ,~a. enf',r-gta ~~V,;a iI.;iOOl3 ~l~la M' tih:lll"oma ,3. :FmTtan:tr.~,~-iUoda 18. ,e;f1,~gitEt ab~m'V,ida,. aeaba na mol'ea_ilit .de ~tm-Q,,6l_a a~ ~i9:l;enl~. dB' M~ptaJ!;ao d,e. !I;m,el'gi~Ie d~ ~ae~j :tta" F:i~itiea a" eJQF05]~" a.. ,tnno2tm, um Iiin.~!~(~ ~om.'[JJ~();. OO'm.II.J' hi uma 1II,1O'1~CJ!.;1]a c~om·DJ 9 ~,iEJt ilJ[J,; que aa"S(IlNe! I), oottiJJjJ['mJterutu !Je ouds. de h:i.Z c1a o:['d!~m de' '100 n~allume1!.;\EOB esta romit 10 fufo-sslste'!IlUII. I e a mri]COl-ifa. d~ 'e'ioKifiI:;.J ,jil\t:!'~, ehama-se P 7(tI).. W um tiUWQ bpo dl~cla[,~8 ~~~t~ ~ dita P'8.s0' (~b.SO:Fll~100nl'pri:rt'ien:to~ de onda de, ]1!l~'
ca'piri!Ldm,"€s
.:,"'
I~
bml'lllin
--
-~
.-
-'
I!
._
"_
--
A.n-
~QQ D'~.?''Il1l'1ief--'o'''- f1Iu_e· ~.r: 1S~'11'''' "~' E1ni!" ':f':r'~~""·L"{'m I~J; I~Jl _ !Si~::mEr c1l:pt~ulo['t 0 fut~ss:~te.mn ':11"
...:!I ... ~ '00 YlI7e_
I" .-
_:V~'!I'.
Q,I
__ _
.11>
~'~
'il
~'~-I!,
.. !!a!I'!'l~-~!IlP.
::A ~ __
(:bJ FOl;(jfbitif(Jri~fkj,
- c1ftJlicd
m."guiza~aCJ fOt.'ID:hadu'pelos' pigm.eJ1'tc1S (clo!roHlafB' e OU'tro"s 'p~Bnt~s:) :Inergulhadns n4J~ iilam,iiIDB:tl. C'a.da. fotos:El.]!8tem.a Ie fn;rnnado .pO']: dora oo:n~.t]'~u'ill:te~.;: ,~~:ftj.~~, 'Iille ,~@.:p;o ('OOl'fTeSp~):llde· um .1'.1. 'urn 1C1iJ,--'-ilcx'~1 P ~-'!L _~:a pJ!!bfu ..ell!!:i_ ---r".,iiI'efo -.~'--",;tnnn;- -.C,~'i:ill _ urn , __ _ _mp _.0 _
Il!omp'~o
Cb.a.ll1D,DlDS:
fb,'t'llS~is;litm}ils. ~
uIrldades
00
fotofoBfuill • .a .aillcti.cs."
:~guaJ,!,
fOl1rJ1JLad.o· pur um pal: d~ mol~c:ul.m'.ide cwtdila que ~ 'ca.pai:l: die aplmvei'tar a en~!i8 a'bsorvmda 11M
;~~Oe$
Fottiico'
,8'iilt~"
OOlTIltnl die
,re8l~io
;ID:,1tdss,tstmnta
N:~ f~I'
i~
a~'r.,e
pmt.'§'ii,c~!, arntGilJa' Ibnn~clo ~ wd~ as- QtItrns 'yi-gmijiJn~, QlU!' abso:rvru:nl (JJlIDl!'gi~; hmrinasa 8-. diret-~ iO<U
(~filh--pJ,~Q
I~'
fob~l1Jul:oo[eas, ,J~,,0
!d'{!!·i-s· Ja1tmrisl cl!~r 'hlZ' Iif!i l.ilJljera: !~oia,,el~tro'llS com ,8],1;0' n iv~.1 le]l~rg6.ti~r(J q,Ul'J $tJ:ra,hre(j.~·~ldJ.()lS . p ~,~~ f~~i;i,iI}xlg.!iI~~ e~'t;till~6 'tnJ'fisf0re 1j'M~, a. :a~.vi.Da ~ .~
~~ i~J,k3]
',pa-m"gt Q
P,ri6toDS
m:+'~ .
:~
re~eiJi;e.
pelf'" sua.
.~z.
~~5
IP~
n ~en'~
d.a.
apenas de ~futo9!iislie:-ma LA, cl~'m,ma, P'700 a'b-s'Onre IDtmls, de J uz ~ a p-et-die eMti.'TInst com. ',M[iii ,mvw ene~tic~,. ~teg ,eJ.'e~tb.'M I~m g-tllnd.e ,q~ntidad.e· de' ~fii.e;I,iia satl!
C,&JJ1Ita.d,(i!,115 pOl!"
,~ ,e:loronlll'a, lP,~ 1t1!'~: d~o(fi~ F6'r.o,jJ:i.Sd~ Itll2;i e ·Jlthe;ra. dais e1!em~Qn&i .m~u!.l'llit~, !~xei;truJlO's ~ll~rgetl.came:l]te. Egte8 ~~o'tranafmdoSi
AOI inlW'S'UllO' "timl:pn
para a, ;P\llDsill(ltqmuon~ B
,8:ii'srt~glUl,
.11...
_.
UL~W
";III~.""+~
tJr~[0181UUn
fi.:!:J.O
_'I
't\I",p.'n(s,pl'D,r't~d'Q:r
",i."fi._,"'' ' "! ' . :r....:!I;- - 1 ;I,,,,,,; ,lJi®"~· ~n,.!l-WI' u
d~'
I
~'llc"tl."oll'iLS.
I
t·[-·2fi..t;JPO(id;;ado:r,es
M ~'l-~.
- i--",a
q~
a-,
'V,~~, ft>r:lb
iclJJ~,m9,
,Il
P1oo~ ~abU]zmlclD~a;.'
e,]etro:n~'
a' _ a:
sin
me ebicws .
pel~:
vIS,
1~
".1].
oJ
,~,
:;.;gua
;i.
E\8h':b]1m~m' .,~,,c~om,6bla
,mp~Ul.'l~LdrJiSl.
~!Gm POi";ela
.formaltl Itl'o1ec:ruas de ,gIi,OOt."'ddeiidID...s:..:fo.slat!l!l' (G3'P)j :r.,m::pO(fl:~mi.v.m pela ];'Qg",(~ri~'r~,o fie ,~u;~i~· mnIeciliLw;i, de BlliDP; earaetenisandc ~ 'cirin"
'moll~'1U] ~~; :,g;~R~a, Ohserv,e,
Aol
L~lill1gg· "das
m'~'~t}:Si
..sallJ ~ill~rad~
,IS~~S,
(Il' esq'IilJElnlJfi
,~bi8iix.()~
lromrostbrna~iifj
~ ~
()b~rm'Ve' que
>@
ATP'
~: IQ ~prod,Ii;tQ·llila I dln
,~clica; J~ at l:oto.ri):db,rllaJC'lio ~f,ll:lh:a U~m eome ptQd:U'Wfi . finai8:., 0 _ATP~!0 ,N...ADPU:2, e e O~ (.ie:~lie ~"$lldtmnte_ da tut6H::lie ,dE! ~,gl],~}i .
l1li •
.OBBERVACi'o:i:
i~'OOJ'i;'t-r.filt:t:~em
!~
d~ cl~.pmla ~~a~':p.6fiMi' (f[~trQS ,a_nto:TId8l C'lornfila ~~b;';'. S.~Yimo_s ,que IV~ M~i'te .as ,dURSI ve11's5~ .. ~Lemb,~ 'f;:l!J,1e v.ol:l~S"e1."-a, ,nrie'o:t3'd:o &E:1iln'~(['e pEdel 'mxtu ,~p,]',esran:t9do naa P]~V~.
i
we~ I~
vm .:receb€11(1Lo _pot
~gi~;()i· I[)I
Dllm~e. de
lei
macSira.et;eri"zad;a, ~l:a, ,absoJi.-Oi.u" 6xa~:io e :~d;u~o dOl OO~, -Deml'h'l!Z!' OSl faiillu"<e'5 internes (dra 'lfijrnnris, lir" ~' 'p]-, ,- ,~...... :pou_e:rolJS ;_;jl !l;l.:i5~ar !ill' gl:"a _ ~ m:& ....~..,.iiii-. - - -;'J." - ~;, !"II ... -,1,. ..... _-.-; _ -""10 ..;1._ __._ a. o ATP' :pW,'ir1t~1I1.iidJ[) f:lh8. ~up~, cl:l]',9 ~, ,St ~!itD.:t;~. !dos, ~mUit8ito,~ 81., qo.anulbuie: d8 le:lo:rofi191, e' en.~rgeti;e& ,p'~. a eta_pa, ·eSC:I1.ll:·a" , .,Q~ ,hlrlt~n.:i.tQ;~; e le.s'~~ da !lIoJlh3H, P!Qlf. eXe;fJ.i,p;1lt~" b'ari~p[)r!i~,~-~pe[,oNWP ~m '~'~,a 'mcbj~]r 0 ,pg car]'i:Kli'lltioo, e Fr2l:nl'll,3JI" ,~l~cose., Os :1~:to.1!!e:$2ter.nt:lSI ~fl 3L btt:z, a ~at-:u:ciIi. e ~::a\ ~Oil~~i"~~O d~ .J~~le,nl_OSl9fuJ::t;pMear 8IL re~~jtJ lCQinf(J(l"Ul,e a
1 , _~ ~ j' 1I;j,!1::I~~
,A
fO'ji~ll1~t.e~.t:!l .~
urn,
p!oI~~
oo.';t",
'
eq1I$l'~a.0':
ii""i\'O" ':l) . ,.Ji., ~~l!i.:lFA.lr"I~jlA" ......... ~ 1,i""'!D Ak 'K' !\.,;!: '," ~~,,,,,, ,!I.''"''2;. _' 'L-'~"'1!:' ,~ ,w '- -2"O·'.·..a- ,~"'_~."I:"~ .,c "1!'iio:'r i\.1R_'I~1
IN,o:,~~~ .r 'ATPl
-o,,~,
inieia com Bei'S n1olecma:s de :gu, csth&ln.r,('lo ,que parlieipa.m, de uma :;;e1];i,e de .l"'eSLW'OOs ~m qu,e·to91nrem agem aJgtILm~ffii p¢nW~a\t. ,al~ne~s'
() Pl'eJces5r)
d~, 'cimloo,
li.'roJU1£!S
de
OOL~-W~D.fi.
Iniciai11l1.if:t1.'te -seiis moleculas dB Ribuil.nse '~Sf:J,~~OI ~Rnnp') .r~!'J!ge:_m.'oom S.e:it~,'mo[,~~ d,~ ,p..s cm~ini.oo,. ,'teDld~, OOmif.l' Ul1'O(]1tl!ro, fint:lT doee mlOU~Cll~ de acido fosm.g])werieo (PGAjI" Diles daa do~e :mnJth~UJlaBde :PGA s'io usadas . p.am p:r~d~· 'g~~', ~:u:u;~~to a~ OUh"9B dn.
d~ 'i®n~'rgW radbm.~' qu@ ineide 8~b!~a a Te'ITa dh~g~ na ibnn~ rlla 1'l1z. Alu~ luan.ciBl d,C! so ~ cmn vna'e.n.d1e hu~; ~QDl dlifiBT1e:ntes loomprinlenws·d_e rinda:s~,iCll lCar~terl~R-~ .co~~. qrte .A Lu·z~rml~~ _quiUld" d.~OOltllPQ5tEIJ ·,apOOqel1Jta as I~res- priI1m~~'a:g vlo1:,et~ anil, aaul, ~e['de,aJ,lllMM1J.I, ~~·:EI!.~ad,o e· Vlewmellu:;l.
[)JUw
U111a
M llllIidad!3's de'
A f~,
p'nJ]J!~g~tc~o
"e
~-;"tJu9JltirnflJ,de
[OtDll.
a~ lu1,;' rillJ
de,
'CSll-a
11~,
,~~'ll1nll~O-81
!e'~I¥'SSIT ~
:fQ~ntese
'~er~
("vi~eta,~ e GUlli1ml r '~-ern]J~lhoJ. . .. C.lo~fiJa 'b ,...., POHltdB, mantn[;~. de ach~,· 00 430iun
.. C]'O(l"\{ii:fila:a '~. ~~ U~:l[n:prifi-tell'tos d.$ o.nda d~ ab~or~ao '[119X]n:a:a estRIn) prmnm,l(tE= d!.a
6:~J': [(;:~:it~~~a
li;l.ll. ~ "
[de ~Sfuun
(azuUie
A iIMntSid!ad~ [umin:oo!BJJ. Q_'!i.]~ 'm? t~5' d~ em futQ,8lslinte~ [e de: ]!'esDir~~ao se ,~~[M1! ,c.hR.Il11tmO$ ,p'~I1:tOI Icu:mpensa~io b.HDliiUMo. de·
,P;Oc~.e:mos
jpll]\l]W
!it.
e~(!Jten6ides ,""_, camtel100 e ~nto,filil!S a;hsnii."V,emna f8n~a ,400 ,'l. 50QilllO. r~uD, de
;n;
Wif'Wif'j ~,oIl.lI~UI'
de
[oouiClmr iQI1!0.
,g;liJOO5e
&0
'CQll]ip®UiEla~o; ,~,
• Fi[(!oldili n~,.".., ~~'~~, m~[~lr .de ~hSlr}l't!io,e:ll~ ~.,~ [inn l~ 6' iii·O· 't.,'~j!!i'~,."]!~ arel #i.) . ~:u .~ . !a. 'f'!.:ll:U!W' .al~I;.l ~JL~\.I :
'I!i
Q'ii"!r'Io I
'lLiE!5p-irQ!~ifu):
'meta ~
planta
re~eib!3!tlu~ no ~w
,ro~nm'
{]I
na
Cli
e todtbl,
o::rig,en.ljj,
'i~·tlr:L~ml
prua.
~l.~
u.illi:zado
g&'
FO'Ii~te.s.e-+
i Ix. ~
: I
"l~..r'
I\
~~.!!i:Mo
) ./
'V(me pod.8I. ~o~:u;~,],uiirqm;le .,~e a :p'~ ants . 1o(t mantlda no seu prn:mtorl~aoom,pensagWJ' ou ·aiJm.o[ d~l,~. n iB.'o te,]!,i I€On.rl:i ~o,eiiii d[BI S Q b!'~ervi'v'er.
pMf:IL
I I
EXl'f!:nenil:,~'O
Ide B.ltlle[l,iKUi_1i
thJ1i~~ b~cb~~ JmI1 'S'M)~':tsao n:l!JlI:fIl~.gQta d':'~lgb~. ~Q; oon.t~mll~. rm .tUame~ d~ -a]'~, verdE'.. ·P11)JGt.a~SB :StbM a, a~ga tID] [lame 100 lna a~W$SH
U~']1J
~r~.m·
de Q~.
da IlIZ
b~!Ct&.ciu,.s:e
~U~
'00
](ll~al f)~ld[~
r.ttj~i~.
resultante
aJa,
O:b'~e~~a-:!~ie:, [eut:e.o,~ gUbe' as ba,eted.a.s aC'illlDu.Jil'an~ leXH't::unH:rJit;e (uide a.alga. es:t$1l $'Ib ·.atAtj dwi1 Iuzes vermelha e azul, .'
BnllSi~.1.d;a.. l1ii1l~ G'i~ Beja, sem ·fniJ:osmmtese. de PICE IOOUQ htdDi~~ phutt~ Fj!oduiirii.· g1:iW.8S ~ loxigemo 'a.cl:n.1,~. d.o Mill ~~n$tmlo' 8.0 'for 1i.na..ntid@.J. 'Il~IDla mwnstd~de1tv.mriD.@sa,~eimm do. SeiJ.ill POu.w de, ,oo'mp-~Q'~iLO~ Dessa '~@i eJo ~'DJ5'@gITini sa manter -e .rli'~Ge:r 'pur' 'ba:V\eI' UlT1]1 l,mero 'PDglnico[ Idm~>D,ru\~,~I. Em fiJ:ilfiaO do 'POlilib) li\fu,· C~Jibl1ipeR6~~O as ,(l~:~]lhs. pode._ru;1 81M' elassifieadaa (j"l;n'l':
,ii
allmento
a sua
TIlan'ITte:n~o'
MS,
~mitl5
de
de.
/1[OBM, de :su;IR~,~ao[
[If_ontFl-t'ui;!l)
f~·(~·
,ii
,qne
'llmb:E-0:ffias (d,e s.!:))mb11"a;) ~ saD'<.a:s plan-· tas 'Cam bruxo ~oofu de ,~om:p~.o~
(';'e,tto ptl,]],WI.
A, p,artil.'" '~1i!li." CJletar.t1:w:ilada ~utensid~, :hunino;sSL '8. IDt;Oi~l1JteEe ila.O mais a wm!lrnt:t\ ... , Exat8JJnett-oo' .a esse' pento ,~ ~oo file d,enMnil18 ,p.o,u:t~) Ide'. ~a,'hll~'~,.~jo l~I)$O~
qPID liS
N.~ ,~t.mode'l·a .a tiEtixa de CO2 e' ~],e Q,,~m.ad~e11I;~ 0,04%. N0 Efll.tEW],~.G);,~- tasa hlea.l
!t'ii"""""" "'" 1~.r;.II.£ OJ
,9,
I)
,(lOl'l.iitante~
)Ji ..... .t'i<"l.-4" ...... ~lE!!(..-.-Ih....;;..... ~1iI.~1i.<tL...tIi1>Tiiii :j,n""""' .... ,.!Ii '"" . ",l,~ !f:iiJllt1;~ L~~_l!:iLJJJir. nl_~ ~l l'~l?~.Jll.,llA::::dl!i:i'
A, lemiperl~hJttt dtinuit pAra. a 'm~_~'~ ~,a; fulio~te_se· ,est:ii e.ntre 30~C e .tone! Voce' dave lembrar ,que rem te:m~(f;a'ttuM m.ruto· ,e1,ev,aJclas. '!EI£im~'{ie ,4{l'OC, p::hl" e,~e:mp[o. :SiJS· !IE!.~:S ~:&em, desn,iBl!;tnl'ja.~\r ~' 0 'fe.rrt11Lueno eeSSR.
ae
,eutfiI1rc'O] se ell!iil'Val·']'fH)'~,. dj6 E~1"Ji1lUJ, pr(J~V.a 0 gas e-arbo[]Liicn. a ..ax~, d_@.famssiIWe<Si;L t aumenta OOEtQ Ilmite, alsm do q,l,tal d.iIf! passa 8. ser ·t6~dt:o,prjJ'~n)o;v,e:ndo. 0 <riecha,UJiTEmto dos 'estQmflw6!. '~e6BmIdol'lpo-daniro.: [I Pl1)Ge.s!;O;
N g.
ate
~~Q:u:ij$~3
!3
0,,:Jl de CO~ % d·lLll.PrIic~, ~ 'i"elOli[dt;ilU:j,~ cl~ [ll!'cill~'iil1l{ID:to rl~st<'llS 'phu[ta$~ A. ceemCi3 ~;plicac~. em ~"M' ffit~s 1~-::-lU~' oon:rl~:[.e, e1ie'V,~hl dtl 'lie(H" de C021 e- de]lf]milla:da na ,gd,lII1lla~a.o pot' IVO::!!; " .
ItP
P,-;'ci]Ji'o IrbJ
,f-Q-tVI"'
,lb~dta:fite
FaW,l'BS CC!lnQ' s, 'mte'IlBidruie ]UI:l:l:il":IJosa~ a: OOillrentr:3I!~MI de ~m.~1 e ,8. bEHlIpe:ml;ura ,aI:'truILm .de .fon:na. mWarla, po]_\em.-,,!f\eb~ £tbbre 10 111em:lO· n~cegao ,~. J a fotOglltultes-e .
,i~,'
de.nm~twt que ,quando urn deteJ;1l1iI:lado P.[(\ooeS~I~· Influ e'n~iad:o po:r' \.'I'arios, fatnres que :~~e:m
:isol~m'8ifll'te,
iI • • j, ,.,. ..l' "-,
. prin~~Ji',IDdo 0
1
{'a:fOr 1.:ii.mit3.El,t-e
Iffi..z na.sua
j
";3.,
(;',
VleI!QcidlOOe· do f~8m,relooi
..=:11
,.
'iUl.u:l'thl;lu3iue;
4'.....
..
,.a'
,.::,:
e.star,6
t~,
'tiE!mirelru 'pemt~a comsmnt;e", Defjl'ii!~sel' it1.'oota. lol-um..qrtillaiL cls[2,S e :I:hm.tanlt,e soh~~ 8.. 'l!LreJn-ii.'dBIJ:le da
fotQ@l8jj'n:~se"" is:t;o
~s,im! s,e analisar nl:'~S dots a Dlu:ds! poderemes ei3bld.. ;(),efBim Mma~t6rio, desde qll~ ,0: aw
,i;'iaffU,e.Ii9·
momento
:e~ki em.
I""" "'"
,('(t'-,. It.. u2
PeIl'etra
,Il,
Q:!La
'rG"~7io
0: 002
,1[1
ida 'm:~,tliFiliidilde·l~n~a~
Ui~Mdo~oo"
aJ
002
,,
+, ,8'2:0! Q :1I2:C"0.a ~
fo[ma:
u
IOO~,eon,$n~an~.
[)e~f:a
eleroplasto;
WilD
i'l1:'
.dQ (~'ll~ filse elm ffQtn!tUintil;;!;Il.). n~, :A m.f1j,(I!eM:~~, da tem-Pe1.'at1l1l:,:tiIL aeguH os pritlLciplos 'b~Bim$' dat rltLl:rnti:ca~' flU' ~~a!, ~ eSJda .H'w.ne:ot~. de -1 (lPiC 8'[ ~eli:Il!(ida,de· idU [I'~~GeS en~ti~_a;~, debra, .
1
't~ln~:rar.atItl!F8:,i'11:1A$, de .:(i:n:D],::i ]}llfj.poJttan,te: ~Gllt.e ,~ l[illq:~]utl.ament©l en~imH:tiou. ThmlliE::m ,~~~ ·~r:.;ijuen~a tn,~~£lr na Idt,.~. ~'g1ltim.iC3 ~
A.
f(!~!MiOlrn~
III
,1---------
lR1i~liaI! Ull~l.h::lI~
~lflniME!
rue·
,ProC€.$~(;uulf)1 a !wuili.~·e:.
I
a ~ ·'~riir~"'Btl!l:r.a,;P~Sl' fa~'
vsa,~a;o tem,pel".&tma .dBlL
'0
fcato.r 'liindtantiB
~
i~
"WfJnwudQ
e][e~1iH
Oba~J,"i!'e oorn,~ 1'1.08 hrti!3:I"Vld:m!i A":_B. AAJ e A-D ern .s~ aumentandc ~ ~rtCMI'tr.tl~yijj, d!l' ,COo ]ti iQ ,amn:~;tn da taxa cle f'Cl,tiO~si'Il'~ese ..
I
hcnlve. aumenta
"•"
~,
'.,
-.
_'.'
,.--
.-.....
" a ,-
,CO~ ,e
tfi.~,to-!L''Hmi.~lD,'!;e:., Lo~ ~~~~, i1!l.terv;aillo!!!:. II) t1li:bJIf:'" b([bitt~1l1te p~ij;Olll it aer a 'intensidatde.
'. J~
It'W.~
11l8!Iifio da ,oonoontrafiROI
'V,9Ca 0
N"~~
l urrri l"l~
-1';' ,j.,~ ~
aume.D'lt.amn.os
s:~ ~
!baven~,8J., tamIbe.ml,
t ;[:O'ws.smlB'J$@I.
aamento
da
[a'XiIDJ,
de
,~ ser a ii,'otien;s:ida~. lurwnosa.. Vtu~;e eempmVJf!, 80 i)~nnl'" il;T:tlQ int~d~s, ,~g.s,,"' '~'L'tt1:S d:e·' ]um:i:[[o~da.de ailiQ aealm,pat~]_~das do ICl">e~ciIl1en:OO.I4a, 'taxa cll"e,. fo-ros~fu~ese'~
,3J1l~
Tesl'te .2
V~.D:nJ~' ~mruJttiw., a be]l1pera,Wn1 ·,oonstanta e allWiSM ~ @ooU..c ,d~s ~i9f9a~ dn ,ClP2 lila,
~I
.-!'t*-..' ~ WILn.,
G CIL.I_· _' _. ~
Li=~11
i..u;r.I'i~&JJIJ
r;!'t
:·i,-I---II. 'IN
Cm]i¢r:::llib-:o~[]~
LO~ 1
~coIi
"'L.1llll1li1!J
ft~I!"J'lA""D,O,U'~JI..,__a..n_-_
.' ~J.,'1:,I.
i"
.~. iI!!II:'m
JL;"j="
-1'
,/!'
TQlI.JI'iO- '._.
T-
RE:SI:lDRA'CAO'CELULAR
ARBO,BI,CA,
~iiiilil~-J'iI'j1'.t'J1j~_
11",. uma
0$
pequ'en,s
a(1ess(]'
-c o,ucen,'trafAol
p.am a
~D.'~I"g@tiC8~, pOl!!B'ln.
de: 'SaU
ooll.1.b..,
~~'~~r~~~1
A, gnnld'E!! putts de' BllJlttada d~ ·:ntEaitPX'.La e' da I~~er.gi-!lll,:fI,'[:Jj9 :si'!ilte~~ V~vU8 Pbin'eib~, ~ a fo:~o,sEl1111t,ea:e. Q,udlllir araeri te ~ s ij,p re B~oleiii,
aJl't,~.gff.nita~
i
_~e'
~oiJ[)
p:rn(!'e5~ijiS, COD1:ple.m~ntS1]',e,5i
A~VB~ ~n fOtOSM'OOS-e :MJ ,e.iu~m radianta d.'@;~J e acw"IIJJ1illad;~: na ·m.olec~Ra, da gli~'{~se sob '
fin:ma de e'il~,t'g,ia '~rtlfl:ai'lE:a. A pmitir ,did 68'0 . 'Prgdt~.~'id.a~ d~'lli' ~:S, Oii"l:t~,.~,~ rn 0']~Ct.b~[ ['OJ d;~ 't(! ~
~~ll1],pQe,W~m,~rnmm;fuio~" !] :r;[~ah, -~mpo;rt~[~'tiB 6 'u Al'P; 'Ca.da v~~ ~lhl!.e l!.J:Il~,a, liga~ao tomato '@ .If'mllpi,da "trans EOI':l'i!1mn'IJ' (II ATP .. mln.,i.M)p t: ~~M a }jbal~a.~M ~gha. ,de i:lll'.'itre: 8UO(] -O~OOealeeias por mot 0 ATP '~~ p1;~e-l]_.t(('em '~od~,~,M ,C~ltlillM, 8eAd~1 que ~llas, du_ '~.i,ga~e~ 'Qm.mi,c;~; 'ter.ml]nm~, t&m 'enerJllja "'F}Q-wncioo bern m~i(!j]_' q:Il'~ :.'3;ff on,bas liga~e~ ,qufmiea~, do ~o.-', fi".. ..... --..:.~~.::i."\'i, .f'",,;"'\'" "']' nanel , 1..,( ,~--""_~,,,,,jf";".'iFiI"iiil".,d''~'lril" .. , ~t'"~t"""'-' u,...
Da 'toa08
e a l"esp:ir,~i~'
__-
,t"_I~~~~
i!"!'ii'ii",p;, ":iI:,,--"-,';;".,i,~
""
~,~"L<!I,~''''''~,-,!,~~''''
.1. ',.,
ce4llilaF ..
P,oij""mo:--s entio ,~~,ttiJctm';i!;n1",~ re-~L~~o iJ e.lu tart' ~,g'J"nO P:QI ~U."D ¢.eS,$ g de 1e:H.tal, com.'JiU8't,ato re,~, lII.u,e Q3.IiJ' Uhe·r,ad.,tIJ,s'Jl
g1I~:M1lU8'I'mien't.e"
'CO~
B20 '~leneJrgUt.,
15~.
aeep.'oo(["
disprmJive:l
q.1lJ/iti'
l~
'un:w.;.
~l:!;bst~llCj,~
.l~UcGBe:,lexiBte:m :EU:-ml~lTh~clas 112'm 'toI110 dle 690 .oo~, ~~]OiriM de fl~e~, It,nt~~]al. Se :£0$.8·0 Jiher~v!a d,~
I
ITlU];l
rna:l ire
. :Se (lr.H(~tfi[" ~:oal fOIl" ~J u~igaflJl_i'Ck~a, If.\~,F,!ir,;a~&~, ' ret ;EL'~mca; se for "tlD18 eutra sl.lbs;t§..ncl,s, e li!aO e fixi.rU':i:rutrb. :a: ,Fi~O'iT"~f'-M, ,e chtillmada: ,ttruifM:6hic3. ,6~ 1t ~
mtB..
'r
~+!'
uma s~ V~. ICO([·ll!E!_PQttderia. ,iiJ~]:lftmda.~ .e:ner.gia el:~ de ~]-Ca'~o~tag~' :oa ijua ca~?~,uejm~:ti'~
'~D.
Vale le"["mibl~~~' a !j)xi.dt;[~oo (llt)~r]I~I~s:te, iJ:tiJ# na r'i3"tir~dE. illB SEUo:t:li3 de um ~ompQSt~~ L3~ fie(b]~,Q~.
EUI,I:1t;~11.tO, q,ubJI, .t1i :8 fo [lEe de ,a:nl:!i,~gi,a d"·' T' d da n~o~~s"~nn 1kiti:g,z~ pe:'~1~ _~, .a re,~,-_.-_, Juxra' W-IS as, ,~~,re:,
,ettvidacles,'!
~l"ans:fonn8d,oJ:'\es qrq.u;permit/elll :8 _pai:f.i'g;~,ge,m lIa e;u.et'~~, tr.dn~I#(J(("tada lem, al ta 'vott-agent (alta ,tel::rs:aO :EWE; Pm.1.@G:B. PlblI',SJ, baix.a, V~U:~l~_ (b~,. te;~r.l}~pa~~ib~li' '!:l!.Etda'.(lseu us-o.
i),
el~!tDO',n,fS Iivres, m~~ :ritH ~t:il~,nda "talmo.s· de dB' lrdclnlgin:dQ t:B~,~;'Logo, toda '0 oQiz:[d~.,yao e
{llbr-i"g:a,l!;oJr,j:a,m,e~iIL,t1;e' ,ir.,e.tdJfRO',
,,::i,' ~
'.laO
e.Mmea ha
N'05
a,compl~n:'~l,~,d~ d,e
~1'In3
P,'fJis, ':OO~!'i oo1'Ul~g ,Il)l)(j~ ,~,gQ ,~~rl11,e-.1harttt_~:, J;'i, !~l'l:'{;l~! eJ),erg-iaaeureulada nss nl8.cl-"Q~:Di~le.-eulaJs ~~ ,aj mtl1oo"·~l~ e~.,pO;r.t~:~iCJ~ r.-..il" i~~e~·yrel ,~ e~Hul~1~
eeerrem re8J~e8f de o~d~ao
'PfJUCQ~j'
de nrit:¥ed~lu 'Bm_ ,q'~' .a g'lttOSB, tmn~1EtiVial 'bBBe. .0 d.o.fl.dM' de H2, e 0 01--.a'gi0iriJ~e -(0
:P,~'eSSO' ,;fjn~
j ~
)~t:~o:r
J\, equ.a,aEl
qne ~it€im,
:~~
ser ~res.~tI.
~o:mD~e:
,B'lapru
itJ,a;
.,Re~p:ma~, Ceil'lI'!~l'la:r
e;D.tilfiO
. N'(]]II!l~~ila:miBfi'te,us ,a.l!],'lQ(reg, de
rlij;!!,!!idem. a F.-ea"p:itra,~a;Q,eelular.
iBm,
m6dlo
E: ~,:ta· ~'il a pa
:;mlitoe~la. .
t~~,
g:H~~a);lii.ls"e·, eiclJil'
de baja.
-
:Klr.'liib~; ei'
eta:Pt3~~ C",a.d.,ej,~
,o:lcige:ni!~~ir~
ch..~m~da.
e ~r.untl 'ke~ .
u t::1();j['![",e
_1:1:0'
i. n'te:r I Q r
da
~iJ'r
da
~p.i:l'a'cooi. ~i91tiiill:a;l!
UDll3:
I~Use B iilKi,~:iJn .fosf~.tiv9 ( f{[jrDcil.'~a.u tbl· aee1ill I}m~~A, 'nido.' d:e· ~s·' e
'~~£~ma. :~~)lort3~r. I~e el~b'u(IlS)~
m.Man~a.
s11l:'bs:c,anf(.':~ FiO.!I:'iWacao ~
Ja:e6-tik:oe.lD!Z'iim~ A.
A. :pii"Odu:~il.o ~:a:.' ,~cl100e11zi:nl~ . .A. ~ny,olV'e a p~~t;i.d.p~~o da ,ooeJl.zima ,A e do i,l2idLo ,aooti~o, (,ri,cetat.o) qUE" i.W,r sua 'v.ezt clte~iw3.dos pi,!f'tt.~:a:to~ ~ri,gIDru:-iQ,5
g-~p.s. JfJa,
d.a. glMloUse·
'Oll
tt.'otn. ,hrM r:::I.lrbllno~)· gmTe uma a~miIDnt3J{!ao. tpeti:icle (11m .. fioo,'filC' de t:aii::hMjJo '.e ~, 1iira;n.s:ifo:r:m2L e·m ,aceta.to (!@D,mdois 'w;j;:nos de ~bo:no)"
h~, a palll:.icipa'&.~$n die UQ:l: ~np:)J ,de' q.lia&:ro ,enzim;at* de ........:, '. 'iii.. "ii' ......... "" B~2~ iifiro:u:.:. .. as eu~i'llZim~ UOJil'iI:u as v.~!Loat.m4l!.i::1l2! ":[.
Itltle
I~ 13."
:DO i"D:re::!;lio!J["
<fIs. .:ttiiooefindda;.
"Sl~:~~
•.
."l·~~,
Para
'btio;Ei.n3~
1~3
,ADPs,.
Q'1;linliGjaJ.m
en~t;e' cada
:mon16(:u.l~.
(~Viam~'
g~i~.ose4l~:fm.~3tllil' (]le~se)
~ ~l~aD~form,adiS! I~IU,
de
"=
,A. 'Pm',3
a.
,AI~
:~{1l:maJ"ill ~!C'j:lciTIjen,riDUl
jp:['1[]{illu.4}&ot];
ca~~q~, ~rJiO.se).
fIe $_€,'ilS,mnleC'II]..lida,:"gT,~ : ATP po[' m(jl~cwlfS,·,granl,~ ~ _g:[~co~e' ~m:ii:~u.lil1d.da., S·.~o( J;1:i:ioaL1Llz'9.da:.iI :~b~m. 2NAln~.,
II:am'.1'Jffirm p;ade, iller ehamado de ~icl~odQ' ,~iido 'Itiriei;lFbo~,oo I~ m:o]u diD,
d£n;;~te Pl~~$Q'
ae.
,:B,
Eb:ue],',geth~a:r.r.l~~Jl:~ ~b'lEijunl~ l1e JceaJ~g~s esse ].ibel:,"a.Ie'~lergbli. p.aTH ,[t 'f~ufia~'0 d.e 4· B'l.fi~6t.'·jJ],as die' .A7r;p ,3 paJ.~ lde~ 4, :i:l~LfIi]~cnjalS dk: All~ B~ ,H ·]j:bffi·,?t~ao:t~.b~: d:e 4 D:hl]f~~,mos' que S~ ,t5~~~IU,
.iw.-es
1;011).0
fl!"}~(l'
~®e:p"OOrr ,6:n,~] i,N~. I~~}fleuo earla m61!Cllla, de f :NJ\D se .1i:gEL. a ,dri,i~ ,fiL~£fm(H~, hidro;~1l.lins H.~res" de Mta]:i.2~do :2 ,rl1!ol~laJ~; cle Ni\DEI2 .. Podemos .r;egitlLr-.o:ir'
,a.eidJo c:i1! Fieo, -~~;te .ci.Cld, ffii d.escrciGto em ][981por Elft[l~, r-.e:b~~ K ':b:ioql!lirr.U!oo ingl&~.
-Kt:-ejb,fi, OCUUlet'il It3! matnjll. ,mlJcij.'ro~ilnrl.r:iaJ..
I~(J
:r~~::
9';1'!i.':I"
~~"'2"
''''."8''11' .
Ii:ii i[l)t~,]~jli11_tO
de
If,¢J,x;8:ta!ce~;:tto;,CQ·mpu~b} eem J~~;atri~1 ,"~,mfis de Ig;:ar~mi},}~. pii;-odti~:C.fidim·. tnri 'rum;p[~~JO ,~fi_mjnado '~ii.d.lo ro't-ri'COI I(c.i~",~; com. seis ~.'[;:orr]fIlS ~lie.
Ii, • A".. S(]~ 1"1 ..n.l\&E.,~"I ..}].e~n.li'e a ] !C·O if! B nm.a ',' ,':.rtl' [ulen f!l a:¢,~.OI p e,l: g) ',3J.C ~,~,g oxa'1 :~:u!,et.e U" i
I~m-'ho.n{]~.
..
2L~\ ...
VgH1PG /
dH~u ,desidro~:riJs~;
JNAD\:' ',:
I •....••... (
,~ii1\i1! lId:.,o:u.:~~,[:Ah. ~!~~ ~~.~
2NAD/:',.,,_H~.ca~~
,des;iJM'1bQXiJase~. ,~.
IJii.Tr ~:'I"'!i;
ILcJI
,l'!!l~,=
0'" ,a'
~lo ~eI'~dn~
!~J
~ar~
,iii
10,
I~,
:~e~~" ,J.\s
,,1"",,.,"'"o!!i ..... ]" .-',"""C} 1 =.~"" "" 't'I ....'."...,...,h~ -["f'; In~fiLJI_,L"u~~G~ Jt~.:l:.ILJJ..Ilr~_;Ji;l
.,.
,;""'11':';". i"',·.il....
~~;LJL '~,flIJ
..1"':11,
2ADP4ADP
~
I(}
i.
C~Oil
001]~~
d~. ,2 J.\TP~ para ,que ,3, gU!e:6li~e·ocilrw,a .L\ ., . ... ·~fi~diL~y.iO de, .. 4 ATP.'~~ o lu~e:r.aL,~:ae:rg-et;ltlOroeaJ.~ de apeM~ 2,ATl?s.. Cemo at. gUetU ise· oeorre Rem a ,pr:esenp dn
CUDsidl~Ir,~""JS!!3! em ba.'\!,~lldo Ique·
que, ,:se:~,o,e1imJ1i;;i!~ s~b a fiJll"IDia. d~ '(}(l:~!' A~s , esta ~I~rie d.,E!: ,rea~o'e~, ·h.3'Ve~a 8. p~Od.U~al.Oi' novamente, de ,~ido. 6~3:I.~tic~. !que·.]por ,~I..:1f!J, "we:z, ';r:e;i:mda (JI eiela,
[~ra.
(1rigemo
]ij~1'
l'eBpL1i',tiIJ~iJO
ceIohr=
e' m.'ta
a ~e·
~er.'.hiC;3.
dl.a.
ATP
:El"JJet~~ti~3me:Q,'te pr:~~s" e' p(jbrre'~,~u~s, ·11 Mmgia. P~l\'a. a ~m-t~e d.llfaS mruk(::u.tl~ ,if;}' d,e
~~f:"
moleeula-,gram.,~,
a,e gli'oose,
t:~U.i.l1i.da.
pape], lUndau:l'l'e:H'k"1l paiI':R 10 FCices~fi1da l:e~pllraL~a~eelular, 0 eiele de ,e uma das vias U]},et5!i.bolucM, mrus inl.J:Xl1(1~"lr,res dla ceb.da ~ fumeeeado, po ~ exempln, s:ubsiEAnci,a8 ~®es5l~i~ pm~ a PWQdJLlCs'O de ,BIlmillotici,do5 e ,~ltt,lJod!d:ratM'"
,[\12snl'O
I~~,
Lm1
:r~_s
est ~B
~,
M3I]" ~H3i]Jh(lo 'a,wmica_m'itnjt~ ,g]:'(indG ~mp011iincin do icadClI rl)~ Jilllls ~ ttl ]JI"Od:u!;iMI des hid:n;ogreuiofl;ll ,d~cO'm(p~OiS' em jJf.lot;ons. Q m~f.i1'101Jl.$"" e ,~. carb~~- Sao elabozadas G .(J;I"c~ de NAD,D1t 1~,'2IBOI~;f8. ,F.ADD;2,.
I .~~
itr:am;pnrtadnm de eMbtOD..8i on eafi,aiE. iIe_spirat6riEu.., Se. 0 'NADH,~ tl'm:irsf.e,rlEl,se' uis' ,eletrnns des 'L,:~ L" ..l:·-t· t . .~.. ~:laV@n8!, " ~£t.u'rQgenl:(fSan e: ·3,lUeU e pM,a !jJI mng~mo l!.... llIDR, ,gra.l'tde, ,1.i.bHm~iod~ ~nm'gi~. qra;.e D, a~lma.[']ao poderia ·,apt6v~i.mr; .os cillo~"OmnEi fiSC) di;~OB de 'b~,Cj a. e ~., 'Carl,~ V'ez f~;u.~1 um, ~]~tITI11 ,e' ~r .1t:ngfA3lrido. da' 'om.
j
'Q_'U,le
,~~in:n:am ,a
ehamada
~,adeia
lci;t@;l:~mn p~,ra
,le
Ollrwo;o ,ltlJ~ ptassa }!at'fll. u'm n:[V'e~ 1r.l~e"~ti(;'TI' :rn~dis baj:xo~Jog)O ~me"'£lli~rgi~~ PUJr i:8~I)}, p.O'dl~m:Qs c j~~t ~{, os C4~n8~ no si stem ~ 'b"ail1sPJ',Jt.:;,doir . d~ ~'li"tronBl '~~rnns~lbJm'· n1i'v~~'s, ern d~C]!{l'setnbi's ·'de ImiJ;~l;;gi~.
I[)
A, ene'rgja ll"ber,a,da ~ utlIizaQra para a di.tat 'mQl~l-eJj~~' AT.P~if] 'vm:tir d,~A])P e P. 0-15
qlllm')~o· lII'Gklbu'eml .~
'fbsfo,~-~'!l
J5e:r,~o,f~:bid.~s p'e:~j].~ge ni~lt [OOnnftfl(l;o 0rr.~q,~'el 'pn't Slua ;re~,,·l'.w~,ge,j1li1'iit~ ·iBiOS pl'tO'wrls ~ ~.'iI'),. ]1a]",~, fot:mar '~O\. ... .
. ,P-ort.f~ll1t.o~ Vf3rtb.d]ehrp; PfllJQ ~ do ~~D;io 10 TI~ respil"3:~.o eelnlar' e seJf .0 :8!i.1:e:pt~ :firnaJ de bi"!!ho!gb-iQ~,, ~em ~ p-:I~e en,{:'~ do !O'I~ !iJ~ ,~]d.e~ :p~ p~i't~·1li:at~5 inSil$t~f~f'v!fJil$., Outr(l, ~:.nl'ffiLi'QliLfllmJl3fiW' h81Bta[lIte ,rom,1!lm.~ d,e IDrlOO' V'eI(m, esta 'Em,e~a e's1xtaJ, do a, eM.t:r(ij]S, qne 'p.~~~ pclo ,~iBb~m,ii!L, clt~cr:O'mOJ;~ Est3,\ 'er.IH:~rgt~ ,de:' i~u]:ta cla. ,b9~:a:~~ 'tr~f~~M da en e-rg;i at ·hmlt[dn(J~ll.~, ~61,~m~ler--gi,illJ~miua, do; pela c]o[ilO'f'iJa,,ai, P''ru~1 li"~ai'i:~e: ~, >et~p13i "~L.l~l'ka da fMe cl~ ida, fDb~stitim'~~e7Logo,:; 'tedtls· os eletm[1JsqlMfi' trao::;;;j't~ml, ~;e']o:3 ~.~~mas l;rr.ar:lIlgF.~]rt..·ldoij\~ de, elet~)H:3 de
!~
0lit;rQ:[]lS.
!J..ti.~
""""'"
~':r'Ii'I!'I1 ~J!~
Imto:sdn'oo\Se'~
.0" mtema, 'tg:-anSllj].1'1l:.ado11.' de ,~h~~;tm,m a. e ietapa m:rls rlea dill. ·,i;esp!ir,~~o ,ce~,I[(]:~~,Sao ~~H:",od.uz[d.O'9 ~6 ,mol~e:i!1l~i.s de ATP pOl" :nlo])~c1UJa'''ga:'ama, de' g'li(."Ose' eonsumlda,
'n,~~_·_'IIt
I~U_-·.11
_~!lJiilili et1Q~tltiCOi
dI
~,
'tl!l'tm
e,'i.tt'f),Jt'8'
'mft;ooGndi;ra~;El
8
'Be. oonill'EttEriJo'S 1)s::2ATP~, do lL~c;rolen~etiCQ. d.a gih c:6 s~ ,09, 6 .A1. s da l!l1f'm,.;a,e i1~, da P ,~.(:etH.coe:r.l2ima Ai, as :2 KrlP's do di;]_o die KID~~ e: es
m
de: g.1iOlJi.1iie ~"n~l"lumida ~E5te saldo enerr~e:tj'~1 4re' 36&TPs, ,~,ne~.pDlr ~ 'n]o,~~~UJ]~, NAD:~ e F.AJ1H ;geradu ile .,-1; :" P:;r..'I'-,1 '_'-" ..• ~~~~"""" eEfiruE ...,],.,:ii......:; .• ~ ii2! nos >-" E!!}LeiUP o, em, ,!LW:~ as- m'!l:lSC~ .!.:;"'-I,CH • . 1 ...,. 'l....:!)l· nas e:[a.plll:S,a:~!~:r!1.(fr::ea\~ (liBIl:JJtilnl, us ,l1:!1.U~u'tilij~m!os pati--a, ~ ,~'ieUJ1l6mO:!i!t '0 .fato lBLt'io:n~; pOTfrUifl:!' 0 ·'NAD~, ~."g! .. ~j.o~ Ca,~a..:~~~~'a fa:pa~'"de :ge[",u 3Ao7P'S~, for-m,ad.n,~a g:li~,]js~ nan CBn~~gllerll,$1Ta n v;e.Slgm;; a, enqu t!l1'!1.'tt::i1 iI;:~d1Ht 'lure FAD~~:t!;I :2. ~.. . membrana T[J]iiLooondrid .A.him:! l1~ clel1n:m~ ~ao o NAD:I'L.!, Qf:lde ~~g'et~I~T.{lli1~ ~fi hi~,~~[tin IB'rn, :~~]]~rewid~ p,~a tun; .lou'rn"(] ~r.J,~,p~~~dmf f,10 '~n;tren,or rda rn:n:toC)~nd.ni!:l1jt. n q,ue 1~~Slona pe:rdi!JL a:~a(lo de .aJt~ l\'l)"WrgJa. Plll"Ut 08 c~:~'m6Si, IM~'~i~, C~nlt] ~T.1geq_uaneiaj ead~, NAD~, (.CJ~O'nr:l[g[J(["O'tei]Jl:a·s q:ge 'cmltcm 'ren~, ns molicula) e
DOg ,Cifi!lpOQ
,~l'gm.
t'E'!s_pons~;i{"~is
peh}
miera,tl9 para
elemeJ]l,tarl":es· ou 'F' .
-'j r;~~. .
p:rOOu~a:o
:26 ,ATP,g do ~~s;~]]Ja, Ei'''!w~S"-P1iE'lr:.ad:01i'' .d~ ,eIettr.-tl,~. '~~e:m.Q~ 'U:n), ~pnrvei,ta.me:n'vo· t@bil dte 3'6, ATPg, [Xlii"
'J:m·jjO'lJ~c,!j.da,
1":""
·'1
- ....,.,
Cfiiill'O
m~TE!'miatme.D:~e Slau
mesme
'L~e~:[nelllte
in ,ii-."",rtJp!.,;,li ..l",,,,,, U• ~Nj.\nH~ 'par,9J ~,"m:ii;wllifil.1tb:~, ,!;!;)U ·ffi:u]~iW' .d;~ um ,siste:m.i: eD~fltiOO proprio'. ,&a:im . I"sio produzidlQ~ 3AlIPg pOO'" :NJ.U[J~ da glliOO]Jr::ieitotalisand» TI!Q lEin&] do 'l).h'o:c;e~ aMTPs., T-rac1l:uc1.o:J.'laln,'e.rnte os ·~,to~ !i1.hideJll, .8Jj, :reapk~@ eelular nas etapas; ,g]ic011se·,~ cicl.o ,de. Ki1:;bs e cadaia re~i,mt6rl~.
,n
p
,;"1""'1,-.:1.( 1:II.m;n,,,,.,
~~xu:~~.~..
:i:""''''''IIl''ii",,..j[,,,:·,';f;..~''';''''ia
,~CIWL..I!..I'iJ:I!J~
~JL~'JLqj
~1.(! ...~~
..llD~1L
..-!~
sua
p01"qtIJ~ hac
";!,ml..sj.:ciI!el~e'
.ainila .q'!J.I~
IE!:llI
bfUit.e1lr1.as e'
85,
c~a.lnelrnhrmU[l
·p.];asma:t"lca € "no
Tlsam
J~,
mDde]n~ J?Oirmn.W~ ,~ ,gUCmiR p:lloonz. um saldo en~~g,~:tiool e 2 ATP's~ 2.A;TP~l~M~',ij cicIo de &ebs. d e. 34.ATP~, na eadeia, ~~i:I~a)Uiri..a~ eom um ,!1l~hid total de, ,as A:TJ?s;~ Voca ;PQde O[J(r.t~i'derH 3. .§egulu:V.e
~Jfel~~o tm.dicio]],aclt
'eettiLa
p!"tlcl:i1~r,~,
Gf.e .3SA'r.Fg~
·:r=.n:9C~~~;~rij~~=~~
~T]pg~
"!II
.II!,
LOW1!! wrtall dn
••1J·~,h""" I.:j. T
~ ~ lid [I.l!!!I:J~~IIi'
.~~-
'!5\is'~~"a,
l~l~l~~
tr:mns:ptt1~acl.orr ~
"],.. ~Ff'!Do,.;'
'~'Iroi
-,_
i"'J-
-A
~I
"
-"lU'r~~
'If'lfT'.iI, 'D
:1ntr.od:u~I"o
1'1 grande maBia da.s oeIulas Viv~cla ,dbis,
delWlsJ:". A taR' ,(R1T ~B ~, ,a@lwla u.iiJ es;~" ~ e:nddtnd{ii s~ ch:~jJnla.hdi,mue I~: a ~;vjj~!;,~ ee'h:da:r pode ~r 't~b) ~ :mrS;oo11e'.guall1ro, a
ni;1~ e~bi
•
gm-a,n)~· '~'m;
!~
mfift'ii,~ntosW~tiotos::
em dirisao
".
,00
!DU
:h,: !"eptOdt1L9M a:ss,~U-1ldB -em •~nii'ehlllalt.M, (.e.i@S1Epa:r:ilLlde:) . .Em. phlI.:i~]u1~1ill a, mU::o~e 1~t!SJ1~\'r€l PQ~ fmm~~~'j creseimenta
~c
e (;p:t:ooo§o
q:ll:ie,
:ro,ao,lJi,teD@~' do .}iE;gallj~W.Ul.
A, _l]le..h)~~j Oy 'm~ P
geu"IiJ'rlJ;mtiv:oJi8
nILe~l]s..e..,
l]Urra ~
si:d,~e' 'Q.M' umtl] orpnism,o ,~~rm,1l) ]jJ.~O 0 hnmane pM~ttri ~ t],pm;, [he ~el't1.las,~~':Ongid€lrtmdQ g 'hi.1merQ d~· 'B"'OOU!i8Sg'm.o5~H' ,00101os lu}'lmitf.c:u ~ :~ ~.6hdM' RP~to~_8 ~g;MD~~J. ~ ~el~ 15,mndtk:as. C{iiD~tit[.[em e mautenl, (;. fi"OSSQ O:~~b~nis~!lm '(1iIIl'llUEiL1'l1(,0r 08 g~:itll~ta!e ~io p1'\Ocl~idJ05
Ct)tU
,ptS.,rtfu:u:k~de uma celrua iti.p]6l:4e;·1:"Jlav;fe,tfA, .s~pa:r@!.cao dos lctes crom1]ssomico.s lonnamdo quatro ceWl-as
ha:p,\l6~d.,esl
~C1lit9ide¥a.],'"
j]~1
IIt""~
I"ii -<:Ii
j"a' .
D~'
;,..,..
,"'t"H; ti:a
.'Ill- I
ma
I
.iUI,U
'i" ....iT,0 " .,.0'1l:ir"'" 'flIl;~!i;I.Y. .' b 'E:i~:J.J. ""I '" ,:;;"':,
-'~11nitIJJandJfl
I)
DN-A
AFJ 'O~ihd~_s tieas ~ pnssuem es deis lot.§s riu.~Lm)oss&m.i,oos~.um. de ol"ige:m, ,pa:beil"nR .~' ~lI..!Ii:t,ri!! (leO . p'ri.~m matema .. !1Ielltl(jl ditsS· d.ip16i,des, eu fi,2.n:'lI' 'm;mDiJSSlJllll:OS, J~ 'OOi!l ~metu FO~'SlllE!m 'dDlk~o urn co:rljlu).to Cl'"Q:m:(l~s~JmLh.1f), O,t~00patel'TI,o OlL'i.o m3Jte~I-, ·seudu tl 1. t 0:9; CI~'[ ul as ,h. pl ':;:,d,e s, ou 'tJI',m._~'ii
• F
iniim..s,e ..,A d.t!ll"a'~:Q do cl.cllijl !l::Bltda:r d,epe:ru,h:~ c]o 'liipf). ,de ~hiLft ,~onsia~,d~ do ,~tadJ] fhJ.oo~6,gt,(;'Q ~ que a 1IllleBDla. e' eneontra, H,i ,~luJ,as c~je ciclQ ~ ,~'l1..d~re' cnrn.1!:j[,irttl.O"o'mn ~pOut:o,n'J;,'~~lis, um ~ b~i de' ~t~as.! [lpn!m~,l\f)'V.aool,~~TM~'m~ dias, 0 etrJ!o eelular
I~'
a.
,~J~bal q~clo
,n~'DI'D''''',O'EI .iliJ: "Ii j( ,C.rD.r~»
liin'.'Omosmm.os~
A 'mntm;ce e
for-~~Q·
B.
Ic.Gl~, passa ~ m:alo'f ]Jarte do ~11 'tem~lo~, d.fJ' '~ij% dla sOO cic1lo}, Ne8UJ. ·'~t~piZl a nBiula '",~c81 ~'
i[+x~mlW malj~:r '~"al]"jJ
f"'!1
F15ta- .~
a\
,b, ~~.
nan:n;a]mm~~,
~m,
~:U@ ,!t!J,
moi~iII" parte
8,
1~'a,("I:.-@I·]za-.s~
~],lJjl~,
'C(i~, Q MJes:m'fJ
infieri8se'
[ogo.
g,
momento
,de,
!rfl!le'
:+
PAS!
int~n'~]ol
'i~.oJ • ...'1
..;:!I\~
IIElDteemos ~ d;um~o:~ ·1FJj~:n,do [lJ f~ p-owmiltQti:c~\o ... .t " P r;reem.os car,at: ~~ t· ..,,n.zar .0D1:liI!@i rQ ,pelH,n d'.0 5,1.tli 00-,0 aD'Ii.:re g, ~ •. , ,g=,;I!'. -...:1I.r. N ' rase a !I.'i to _J.!Lm_.8 mrtose 0 if: 0 ~~ Ul:i31 d.. •.e~
I .'. . .'I " ._ . " -"[ .•. ~._' '/ ._' I ,'. II' I • I_ I "I I " . . :;' " .',
I(;:!'
.I;~
IL~,ltthlereaee
p8.f:':tiiI: ~,
'~Oi1"jl~
JtI!iliA..,e d~pJj~€lJtem8s~ Nai3 ~e;lwMlibels ,i. f8L6BG1 lei 1':ehli~tV,Slnente d,e' IJ~ ldaH.HI.~80~ O' ;eplW:llo dQ
~.'l'!Jte@it;ina d,e]gado, pall!' :e:x:emp.~.Q,;. ~irenQva~1Q1 .eada lSi. t~~ diss, -Uin oureo ~:pJfi de 'lJeci~, em: qlU:~ a
;j,'~'EL )~...
mnito ..,.,_';j, "'j'I;''''j;!;''''''':1''I~'_.]''' UD .' ,;;ij'oI!I, ....... """",1~ ,.:a], , 'a....u:~ ..]~.,Ii!iJ.! ..... ulJf,~ ~ I~~). Fea,p(J(11LB8'v1e\1pela fO(rD1};a,cao dos e'[f'H~r§1l}citos e des leuo6ci.W! granuJ6citos. A'epi,d~~ml.e.l!! l"f'.JJDVlil~le1.
f;
G ]~ .-
ilC'
i.
,.IleU, I
!I,.,-'~1J,;:,~,
'~-~U_..Il
..
l~
~~:L'~~JI,_LI
Ol!j,
~ ii:ada
.lL-~
~.Il.
~t_e dias,
I"_. . LI.o.J.l.Jj,
sa
'"
,IU,C'
.....,;;111.,_'1"'"' ~J1WNli3
loortiMas 'no· uaule das ~pl!B1:D.t~.8~ 'Out~C!'B· ~md8" ,i3Jqmel~ '~~adnt3 por c€,hilif!J$ pmmane.u,De.s; em 11
que ,M ~]:tl1as: ,na,f:),se re,p~~e;m'l C~illd pOi' '~en~pfu 09 .1!lel:U~r.irtas;_ iC~:mo ',M ~l~~ MO S:e, div~dJem,., lPeffiiJal'JJ~,~\ndi) ~mp'~e em if.d.ta'Ji"ali.U~., t~.hl~$~ qu~ ,c5:s:tae '[SlLa 'l;~~ Gf I ilG-Z@'ro)",
'ot. gu' ,.Hio_:u:..
ll,~'rOOy@ii,o, .A, :mito8€ ~, ,!ill: dJvitsiQ celub;:r, q,1J;mOOlITe BID ,oo]ui3i9 ,som:i'tic8s, e em, ,l3llgll1'lo~, tlptJ.s de ~,ul:a~,
:germin_~U'vaE de animais
J;-
iIll~'';
-~'
" ,-,~..
{'.iU
"'Stl ,o~"fiIT.e :~, dttIli].ilca~i,o 110 DNA, ,~eluJm;,0'11 5e.;]a",,~ dlIPJi.C~-O do matrB,riru. genet:h~o d~,e6].tila." Si'mllJl;~ea:rneid'!~ :fabri,~a~ sao :lPll[}'tt;tm~5' Na
fi;l5l~
IS
de v~getEJis"
cl:l..ammas his,mnas. ~e Be ~ para OO,ml:al'" 0 fil;~~eQ.~ ~]r.ll)W!~(ltm:i)oo bki,CQ, 0 Cfomtlssowu, oegm., £800 ()htlpl1icado~1 emll::o:~tm:-'5e frn:n:l,lJJd,o p.or
1
I:~ga~s' "p~]}Q
-', ~"-"II m 10s'd .'.e 8!t:a ~~ r eom e 'p:rn'1.tl'[p. ~ 8 I¥at~i't~rigtic~,s, d,~ nuih~Be a ,~tO(l'm~:io Ide I(N~'1t1l:l~&lha$ _g~eti~dgDttt: .. id~at:iI;~as'~" luelnla .... ·mi,e-~TI,eS.'~, :forn:taL 'to dI a1\l:, ,8if;1: ,~st'ti:itli.'Il:,'ur.~·~ oelularas -e- 0 nt;~:["o eromossomieo ~.o nantld:os.
'fJ..!iI'
(Ii u,~
~J11I'biii.meoo.,
N~rnmeDro,
dfutPlilt~o
..r.~~~
'C!.""
~I
tRndj~m n€lSt~
,e
t~~s~' !iJ0'CliI']':G P
.,
dos ,oenncl'oIo\S;.'
l;f"j; ii'''i~ - ;1;-' It !Ii..il',j!, \'1!II""";:'P1 IIIWO' , .:Ii ,!3!J.gunoo
]n~'!.y~,I,Q~1
A";;~~b]]Jj~ :reEl]]ni~DJ.t.eI~ llJ1L~ ,r;eMa mph11W3: pruiJ!,]fL d'U~ c~h;il!a'S"J:ilh~ taa~1!Jbel:1l di:1]:](J.:Ecl~~, e ULmJa rie~ll]:a h~p~aide 'Pt'O(~UZduas ce,luJ:ifli£J,"tal1i.lOOm
'ha:plml:'IM. '
+~-.,~,
E~t.a 'f,"srS!l! ~ ,chanloos ,de [[,n~'·~miiJt01i,c.,u ~~,~ 6, o 'pmoo.o ~e &e'pam 9 flm da f~~ S d~ co:m'6.~~ da nt1'ft.Qse. Oco.rre;~~1( ;aJqui l-odos es
p!i:1:1ce~,d:m,~tlL'I._,jJ,~ "Ti1t;ti!f~«;ga.I'I(liS!
..:!I:~ "
".11 'I_..J, , ,JI"
iI'..... ~
>' • _
,(Ji!!il1:'3 qTl~'
LT'...t,
itd,
~'
j.
iOfr~ UII.=II,
.J!
~l' ,
'u'e
I!;lj~,~
I~
,~
RNA.
im-'~n:u(;f!l:J(jdiUS-
di;~S<l.O ~enm~V"., ~t!f:l N ata\ps. pOO" exenJipl'o~ h.a a, sm'te.s·e des eomponentas dUl!"r3!.]l:~
a
da'
'p'roteh~Ui!li.B,~
proees~Q~
~l'!J.e'
'~el'ao
p~a
.t:'IIiD ~'U"6~.~1~
(~S,mim~ltlj1lu]~
'q'QiI;-z :iria
forn:rll't'
~I
f[a.so"
ill"'"
,;j)i,iI' iII'.,IC!',';,ri,
!I.JF-U
:m!
'Um, dD~, '~~,en.t0'5!, sem lCjualqlLe'l." CkUfldH~, msia '~:u~lG,pnrt~nt~ ~b,~Iht.6rl'aS:E (Jj, ~ (ill,lt1P:~_I(;~f~t~ 'dos ~O~~SSQi~O~ {DNA) ~Elie_s da di~M celruru: A.~$im" ,[J!Qae!Ot~ oo(fJ;Sgmr um grllicQ mD.'iband~, a q;l1amtldade de DNA no nl1deo, d:e uma oob..d[IJ, em ,fim.,~!!.o dn tempel'" and,e' 'e'~ ~.d.asT mcl];LSlrve~, 9P! et.a:~9!E i~, :mitiOlSEf: promJ:!e, m~tca~e, ,alli~ e lool~r~, ' , qUW1ti:d,8.d~ de' DNA duiaI!lt~e;BL raze' G'~ e,~ '.C[nili) d:UYIlU,te :~~ ,fa$e .8 1OC"{!l'rre tL~lh;~'ao do UNA, nuclear, ,~q,tlfi[[](MIllRade passa ;II 'Her' De a,~ atler,Q tli1na1 I~la,m,e,tii.rase_ 0, 'LelHf1' de DNA, ee '1,'iU'Iill!l.'IEe:m, em ! '1!;2;,t,'N'", Desde 0 ~]liw da BUwnase; IRe '9, ,]lJ]'lO;m.1L'irIJiI m't'l1:~~e" ,~.riJ].an;t.ia.ade' d~-,DNA 'vulbl a ~~- ,u)f.~. ~
e,ml
I(lirg:BCu:i~fli~ a,
~:]n'i.'cel~.~~ .. ~N , O~
'mJws€r
l~uisn1i()..~,
pJ:u:lrio~l[!11~l'rn8
g,acraE'te a
,f!!
f\1U,"llrI!~ioi,.n Ic~im.~t(!j~
a mm,u.~,,;i~,
'tecid'Iil;;l!lL ~
~L!fil.'t[[lf.1l:i.O~
,II:': •
:P:~SSQ 1b1l.m8,
,G' ~
fl-ml,
,:tm,1:t1l
QiU
1!.Y;m,O'men.a;'~_ J;mrl'w,V~IZi!]~:at
em
~apas, :~" 1.}aJ~:r dog ,~ns 'evm1l'OOEf mmm:, ,ma;:r.ClIl..n:w®S: 'p',:~i)'fas;!2' Mlda:fas>c:!, ~afa.:5.e' e'
'~'['4-D""~Ei' , _~ gr'!~_!1
u:~.
A
...... _ j..~
10$~,I~f:j:i!iJ!.Q~
.11
l1i
a~~:a!JI.
...,.,.._="11'
pmteicns
que p.~
nos
I ,~r):[f.iI
.,Il!
~S,II.&;:'l1'
,I,,",
,,~.~
,!W!.ar.n,en'bII).~',
,- . j,,,",-
OOD.~,
c~I:~81~s. .
:Pr,O'Uie
Etapa jnieial
pM I:.l.dla ,~ :m.a~dj]1 pelo oo:n1!eifu d~ ~~.[1I.d~E!ilSa9iol
,l!!!'11:....... ltl;W~~
A .ilDtemt,aii:i, da,s..6hra:s, ,ooDmllss&ndc,as a ' _~1I " .. ," ... -'" . ··t-~~.~~S :r.espg-DSa~C'1p~.:11- i!!);n'1,cn;. ~~~' dos ,.o~ntos ,CinJrDlO.6micos ,ililWr.anlie i8. !di:rid,o ,ce;llullaJ~~
I~.
'e on"l]Ol'J.oo,ento
~. aumen t:f:ln.tlC] fjj dJ~]]'letro., I~Qr:nm:uoo,,;$e 'cisiveicS. Sai:O 'o:b~e:t<'i{aaas..~a, d.uu ~6.pi8.s dQ mesmn eromassomo Ugadas. pelo "®nb:6n~'i' as ,rn;--,oj[lli;itiiC'.s ... rtni.'8. i C on ~o m. H a:O.c.e7l1.'e,i,n.t.e '3, ,C.ttld e-:n:s,~.~ ad !J[\om~&mic;a. ,~ R1I-ei ~~l~, V3ij11:S.e~!.tn,M 'tnenQS
:C'{l'll~J'lli,..g_e·tU!11iDll" que Cl'OI:IHJ8Srul):OO sg prendfmltl fhs' ubraB lID.lIar,~. a.'trav:~s das :l1brM' ~:r.(]m.oa~~m.h'ea.s. lIma vez, ci1~g&niz;ad,o~ C!'l~. iC1YJ']]lO~nm~, s-e mfft"m:l;l£m.'~. di·~ o ao •. !eq:oodtll' d;:t ·,ccH~:a:. toln,o reS1L]]tadc Idb dJ.e.sHzanmil.w, das rm:br:a~~mos~wica.s, ~(]'!breas po:r~ m_;,~'qu.eiIa.
I~
em
,dtt:e~oo\,.
~vliclientE".s., 2I.JTIe
A. ~begad1l
le~t0.riaJl
llinfiL1 Ida.!lt~f:aoo" 001110 d.m.a~ teo a m.i[mae a ,el§h.n],:8 t~O ~inte:M2a. pJrlr~)'~einaJs~ I,etg,o, na..o· 11' neeessldade. dEl: ,~rod:~llzir ltNA:oo'li. {j£::'positooos :[1'1:,]15 :n:[tcle~l~. eulminando.. ~'PttreWil.t!~, eem ~ '~el1. ,e1):fi'ip,le'~o
de-H.p'uec;tmB,tYM~
di Vi.sao do,-eentre oe·:~,olM. Havende cellt.r.f:olI.osI eles ~ofi~itlE. d.npUM\t8D\o, A..as.im .• ,cads
.QcorI'te
nmi'Q
CSJ1Uo
de lei-to~~ql\ll,~] ~t(ll ~0 tie:SQl'g:HJEILizaii1l:Jl pa:r.a lilk~,,[,M 861l'S monO:m~o5'~. as FmemM ditas b;lbufutrtUl;\, ql£lJl3' $@[,Rii) td:jJizadas P.a:.1"Sli, C'G,mpof' 0 mitoti,6~,.. SliJrge-nl as fibr,a;s:
o~ :rnr~'~r6'hiib!JJ S D
1•
ee['~'
1J:JiJfQTI1lJ15iIKHll1 0. Si
[Unt::i.O].'uun eonro
d_'Q
li~w e ~.
11.bm-bl
a_o
[po[a[1E!:s.
Os
ee1ll1r:O:ffii ~elmi3lJ'E$i.
N~aleo~'~
'~~fl~!['~ndQ
ra;dialmrem,te em
'liOlf',QO
de
p:rote:il19.a
earioteea. 0 re~llilt8,d(D da inte:r.as~ao cia~ ti.br.:;us,de tnn ie.de GnJ[fi:ro ~EI,WT ~ Q ,afasta:meli.to dos 'Cl~b.1]~ ~clul:~s' paJl~1Ios: 'p6jQ~. 'O~Q;s:toSi: .,da c:e1u1a. .As ifribr~a lO~6i' qtlf,e: parte~ d:-eo eada litiOOr ·em. di1N~~ ae e()I~d~' Cia ~~lul~ ~M' ditr1S 'fibr~:
p!l)~@f9:. . .
~~<dalizadas~Iade
dispest
~'9;'trtlttiLf~'l~~l :~n~ada~
M tii"fi
~I
i!7i;-··Q·,-\iIllilD;;rn;;.
Hi ·1ItJ1J:I!~
Iado, hem
[[n:uiXbnu,
8.
N'o inillc:io cia 'mlllrt~~~e Q :fUBo 'wi"t6tico Ot], ia:m'O~.t!k~ii1 ,~sta' eompletamente :f.ol'"lRad.ID\. .~ 'fiihr.r dn ,fMO ,ocnwm'Q Meat eJtl.'b:e·o~:ilois, cen:tros, celularea egte~' S'i;til,13.,diDB, ntis. !1101M O~,'bO~ dat IOOlula .... ~tiga~e:D:Le~ aCl:'enItav,a . .1se ,q:lJ)~ a. plie5~a;
dlm~'1~:n'lt'}:o1nsera fIDldalnen'La] p~,at,~ .f)O'r:D1~ao ,~~ fu&o e :pam:,;a. di.v'umn ~1.ula:r.,. AlalrumJeiIl.l1e. sabe-sa a que na.'t.. Ge]u}I;as ~eg:et;~dlS ,~IB di ovi!detn sem ,oo.rl'Lrlrn(ls relillJ as ,aninta:lls ClIj(l~,centri)[,KI,o~: "fo:m~~, d'~~ I"'u_id' {) s _p ~U:. 1I[.";,iju8 ~~ 8'e 1'~ t:~) t :r.'1"[1,:a.:w a.m
I~
Ni~, in~J da ]Jj~O£a®e' hi 0 a~'\.~irn,'enb" '1],0 f ,~Jlbrcrm~ro' d~ eada Q1Im:0S80.mO du~plimd'()~de litlalB, estruturas jenQ~~5 Icmlet6eOl"(H~" ~~;i!eu:t~os, ~~~es oposbi E.Q] verdad~ os em ,ci~g,t6co;ro~ Ie:Ot'I~~~~']TqJG:i'Il a um :I:ttm~Q ~~~m f1rganizadu~ d~ 'nt~:u~bw'r~~~.e- a.pm "ri]aJJ "h~~ri,
B
:CQrnta.{:'Ro
cllR:ii.
Ii bl"a,~
1c!I"O'])],6'SSOJID.i eas
@onst]:t.uifrlo ,~~, fibre: p~taII.~ e lJela' p_stlJl: (or,gaLll 2ados . pelo eentl~~) :eeJ.nlar.) e ,pe'la'51 ,6brias '~m()$mm-ll~ (m~g~Jliiiadas 5l' cm~ro151', p!cl,O;.' Rom.pe':"~e, ent~o~ illl eny'O,:~t6n{l; ~1:lu~'ea:rI'
ba\p,elf;' .lbt'ti:Ce ;flsi~, entre· I) ooo.te:(td.o .n.nIlie.OO,:'· e leit~pU:~lIico. Os ~n;b:'oE {le.hi]jat'~ r:hegam, m')S ,~]Gs. O',Po,sto:g cla. ,eetlula., ,pfi.'d~lind·o. d.os
~;clDie;{lD~o.:rJi~s;);;; Aq:s1mJ'i
ij
111..ia~ nd.t-6t],OQ
I~
'placa, £q;uamrin]
lOIS
Os Cl~.n-~n.~~~ pel:m.anieC~. I~~ ,a,;tf filibra's po]a"re~ POl." b:l:te]:",rf'.iJ,edJJ'6das n.bl"ata, (~mllllO:liOOn].i(l\8LSle .atlli.ll11h3do~ num ..mesmo p]inlQ na '~egi;§j(Jequatt)dw. ~~ta, c~h.:uJ]ajsen40 eS'oo femliL~menD a.. grande .. .u-.earella m,e:W'-a~eit ,'lim',itl,a:nd.Q a ellamad~ m
mJ ~tam.sie-'4"ll: A [Qifmlil. 9O\01Q;. (!1"'OJ2ll0s~Otir'Irn .ss P'll"EMHi(:2f,n no lfus~ pe:nmllite. o· ~XIlI~~tzi) ~(}joma..me]ltQ !ht6 ~('Omi:Ud€i~'irmim~
Icad'R
qual
1~']llJ
~'!'
.th~aurl.o
,tle
O'~!:T'nm
pe~a:l1leiC.etQ..
a:ii
]O])~I
'$I:;!'
:posi'e~ i):liLilDfi
l1elti~~E ..
len; (!'Crn:par~iic' &5 'f[)'!J:l-:r~. ii~PM' da n::rmto~~. ,Neff:~~ :ij:nw1DJtV;",;i.l~ods It_ ·mp~ ,lit~, lIIm;~, nljci<vimmJta~~Q d,g; l~rurl"Ur,as ~luares~,d~ :fb;_nn~, i1at~iii'tl, P~d oS ~
relliatij,v~~nrtt
:pd1o;~!" ,!)}P-08,W8
,~.
(elu la.
cromossom
OOIJUl~,ng1lJ.~_j).
I]8
:~:t.l gem n
I II
(I
Wii"Z_:illlO !Ue
...-fi
SU,a,
~Thb.sta'D:ci9s~ como a ~olcmciD_a qns de!1;0rrgnniZ3Jl]:. as p~OIte'm$db :fuso~ p3J:I'al~:sar:tdo~, m:i,b:!se 11;~:metriira:siE'_ ~tt:aco I3ste',que, os eromcssomes
I~'hij"n.'tita:s
~lt:)m~O'miQ~"
humanes, em;p.N_g&:-SB CO~cl1.icl.nSl parS! par,sJ_i~~r ,8, di~aD Cl1:e Ieueeeltes em met~e .
.Q :fiInalda 'met-ar~, ® nuu:.eado. do
eoma m\Q;siio
dla,s,.
0_8
c.~m,h~o:anerQ
I~
afatllhul;L.a.nta
Tel6fase
'ns illtintIH ,eta;pa da: mitose :~nd~s SJW '[mbl.r" q,ue 'ocm:'-~~ ex'B"tamenf.e c loonh~M1o- da :profEse~
(~'o~te'
liE!!
e:tlom'tide~'=inn~;
p6]irl$, o!p[J!i1~
q.lIlm iele'r,:§:Q'
~Wicl.IJ.U.M~ para
d#. ~h:al~
O~wIT13'·,a r~argani~a.~~b diQl' en_"'\Qlt~.r,i.~ nusleae ,~~tl"~y1ib O~fr,~~~il'em~m.emka"!:JQs~ ern IOOMO (]i~ O dm~ ~mll1'jru.1JItoF; (:'mmo.5.--mm.icQs ID"lurn;do.$, tm~ p(jl'fJo$',
pata paos
DPOiS~~,
da
o~Mula"
'~;ulanw~ 00 :~~pt.wa lm:vi,clliil na 'pt6f~; &s~ ·&a,t.,qnOTlli(;QS. Itoro~.lm pus['~io 00' '~"0d01" d.os !mm1US~~ III fornJJ~ 'runvos- 'mVlllto-~rio8ucl~. n 'D',§: cr.om,OS8g':I;1!U)~ ,s,:~'f'fem i~~spb·,91iu:~i.o ~dese~~91D ... :se}a imcia a ~;:E'od,u~aa d,el RNA-l"'i! :p'I'o'Vocan,a.o 0 1l"e{tp~hmeQ:t~) d,o~ n,-wriMiol.os.0 cim~' ttc~)I!X], e.. ,~. -5b'l'fli5' t-"J'O"mQ5:somita~ ,deI;~a~alf',e:u~'m,
I~b~i,
fiLII
ma:te.riaIT. ge:netfico id~tioo~ e cam. ,~ mesmo :I:lf!!,pecm de um n.Ge:[eo ]nb~:l:fa~re-o. E'ss~ Pl'OOOSfHl de d;tJplirC.~,~ifjl llo fi1.icle@ cl~:ce'iu]a,,~d.i~oiCarioome~, c Em. rehillH; de :a]gmr.l.S pr{3iW~,mo5 e de
1
t:uL:i.w,
animais
A.$sJim. Iqn~
P~§B!i.DJ
M ,a::cl~lllnli':ltideg~in:ll~s 'se
J:II
g.eps.'rmn.,
" -
mediana
ilmrre
(mv~gnl~o
um e~b~ill'l\gllllaraneJl.'lt:o t;egiio da
"""n'
«~U
~
O~ q'uai~ ~erifJ; JHJJ1l.':acln_,S', ~;~)b m;i{~n't~j,~ p;rot~i'[]~ d:6 £~~ '1P~·ra 1U8 'pt)l(l~ d;E3-,-,~ 'hlbu)s:'),
...!I'!!;I
~~-IIJ n~;fu,,,". !U!I;-!'~~
Jl18~. eq~I:M:ori::ll~ da C~bl]_8.. E'!i:j,t",e 1~~b~amgu]aInento quand.oencou~a. 0 ~ue re~tou. fihr-a~.pri[:~ref:h,fu,~U-3 um~.pmnte'mui:OO, e~L1'1.eii.'ta I~n:ble ns dbic~ ])tmtos: d~ 'me~j·JbM.lll.~de f¢'J~~),ua
I~
~-o
.~~,ojJJIWH.
"".=i;'iJ., • .'Ii......
:;'llS, ~ntti~~~'~~]IliI~
aeaham sa.'~ep'ar~,d,f'll"
'Ita.
A. bl:lJ{)r.~iSe iltnal p~:nl ,eltpliqa.r ~~'$I~. d~iLooam~t:Q f~l!a '00 de~li7iam~]]bJ da'! 'ifjjJ.t[l8! e~Qlno~oDii'G~a: sobra ,~S flbras pelares, (tat$j)r .por Rlg:t1nt1li mtDtiv.t1" 0 -r~ IlBO '~a formadol~ a: lUit~ ~egue ,~ehlJ I~Ami~,e :Dfinn~] t~ ,jffi ~tM~~; a 'Q:U~OO~. ~mQj ,r.;I:S c..TOln,ltid~s I!!;aU ,8~ 5leI-par.::tll'lJ.':]l ,8 ~~ IJfilJieoo.JjEJi
p-~.HsnCQiIno j~ o'b~ei;"!{am,l~ a.]:i'~~cri(Dllli])!eriite
'~', PQi!'
°Es.ia
'mi~J[\o:fi~lne:rnto.sJ, aetlna de
dffi:vl..sa:o resul
.I~o\Sma!.
dg
a,~aoi d,6S.
:~c!!.~iadoS!, a
Ulenii:U:''8ll!S
eom
1~_j;"!mp;I(jli"da oo']().hicin,~,.
I~egaoo In'os: 'lill.~~_mosso:m(Js~b:tm;a(Js: pilus ,Qi!OIi, d. lC'ilul~.. D'estfl. forma (indo p6h~ [['~o~b~
BXatamen:W'
,(I
A m~-sijOi fin alm(iirn,t~; do C±topla3m~: e' mam.ada 'iI1i,tollln~~ 'que 0 'DniliiJ], d~ '~e16fi;11~ Ie:. ~I pI'o,piio, ~Ce'Ji!rarm.en'.b?' do ,p.mcB~8o de dj,vit;8Q eeluler, ~fi!tiJder,at:ldo que s, di.WSilt1 do ditropla..~.a Ida ~e[U]2!" animal av,:m...c:,a p'erl:~a, para ,Ill !o~~Q. da
ipl~mJ~1Lti~ ~ef:u, tonw d.a p,]acSil i~.U!Ji_a:tori~;~. E~~, fOI1Tl~~i~1 ~ l~le:lIlomht~da ane], icoDfuatill A fID:rp de conrJ~~-.ayan emi~ ;pmilll, f'ea~io g ,iIDTI;i:ll~-mii')B'ina, p1;'ii]1'VQea unia O)lltr,~IDj, slliflci:e:'am: pa:r;8 ,9f]llllill.lLir~ pl'Ug;r:B5~vruit1iente, 0 difbnetrQ ¢to. :mIE1J" ,am,ganoo a ce~m!3IJ.a se di:\1.i~' 1jE!111, dt~,
que ..
~!jJ'~
,ft
m~area
IQ
pro'tesso
foi
,[b~lfOt[ljJJb~,do
JDEBctlU;i·
tnat~li
~enhgco"
!c@D.b~ipeib.,
d~ e~,Tu;:lH,'~·se
Mairs.! j
f~
na
a p:~aen~
rltfu]
d~ ,M.
'ocor:Fe;a
,die~],t~'n ~r',!3i
Iff~n'triJiUga.,
,A., g-Eai1lde, im.pti,rtiI:l(l:dt da wei.~se ,e ii, lli1iaDu.'t:en;~am' Ida, [C:O'n'sl:in~iB dm' n'-meF'O. de reJNmusso_o,S 8.0 1Ihiligo ',das gera,9i-es. N:oo 'Il!ou'iil~e ~,eii!0!S9' 0 :oilmeni ~. crDm'Q~~fi!:itOO\S de eada e~,p~:ie··dobl1':a::na eada grer,at:fW~ QnmltllQ d~ ,at
ru~:ir;lc]ijS~l]l,eJta.~,. {lU(l'3JD.te, ,3.. f~d'a:~iJOl~ pCOi'Ile' a. FormaJ(:!ioClln ~nbo que ,~urna ,~eI:wa l~p]6jde" pois
e~[ilIJ ..'lll]'li.'[.ote.
ce].ti1~, po:rlaJr.i,'t;o~ ~,
~~~be
D m::am'~' .0:1. ~el,~fa&~ a -cQulla '\f-egetill ffn7J]:1I,at "v'eliRi~rn:af{ membranosas, ,8, parti:'r.· du gnlgjios~omifjI'Ie.p]-etas de .pecctin;ll. 0 ~~nrjrujjrdjo:de~t&lS 'If~~f.cuI@;a, :~, dieilommaJdn fra:gJlIEJI,i,]asto.. ,As. ''!reg](.ma~. de lEec~a se fjJA;:i.I1:rnl1a-.:(t .1D;a.. re:g.-6i.n ct;filIkal da cehaJ!:a
l
C1-o.m(J,S~6ron·S •.
m.a.sculili:1~ e :fe~nit110i re1hz.e]li:lln 0 .TlJltl!m_e,Il)· 'i:.tl'It.a]:. de' e~peci.e,.,A .par.lliiil~ drHli .8, ,nutose ',e 0< P'il'DO~,~ a'liE~ve~, 'fj,I1ai].J[) ,~iCli~ ~aige, di'miIir eas d.n ci].~ etn;b:r1t1(a'.traria..1l 'l:tillllb!i11.! a:ttG q;u~e ;J.1iarnw·
a~
'fm_"'[!l~andD' 'wn:;s.
~di~~~o ~~~M Pe:~:~~ri~ ~l'Ula.,~ tl~ginandD,8 a: ll:nnellil. :m,e~" N3J,seql1kn~ia &0 P~gfiiltl lYfi3
I~
fil:aca
celiLu]:.H: e
:HIJvm;'iJ~run
.em,
A .meiose OCU1Sta de' (ttH:I.:.~ d..i.V:i~ije., ee]ul~re2l: ca~ewL;;va:s. ~nduj, w.M;l1icam.e~, diYidida, ef!1. Mei~, ,I e Mei.£de ,0::i! $6,pa.r~d~~ per 'lUE!3. llreV'e:
ili.t...~.da.se.(tbJi:EF~ese).,
'
~tE"Jl]'lI':r:o' ...' ~ ,[]'ifi'!! .. ,~~-,:
l'
,
A. ,m:ooJ~ ] ~ di'tin Iflivisiio l"edu"don:,d. pcn,"g,ue. ,~ e.Kati!:IJm,en:1;e :L1es:L-m, et'8,pa q,ue, oe~ ~,
l'l;Id:llL~ao
q)ua:oto
lila
lti'i.t~Et,
,L'~
~~I,IO"~,'I?.....L1~
.... .1:11 •
pirofase I Q:.ue :U:IJ.69 do ~d.'llsi~OA .. lait~nJE].o i:lLtmem:lte, ,M, :unMBe, 1001\10 ;e'mp.-eIh~D;tf;;l!' ,0 ,d'IlS' q;ue
woose.
:lElfii fe:nrbm211lus
,. bem ElMS
,oMul3.S .g~~:.I.llu1'aM~~ 'paJra fun]:uir os Pli~A~~k:paJ. learad:Ie,r.liBti!c~ d.a: :me[,~e ~. "roo~Q da j).ittnel~' d;~. crOn:U)Ssm:rfHlg ,acl t_'miiu, -QU, :sej:a~l ulna. 1;~11L113J ii.ilP1 didili ~com dois ,I.o'ltes IC['O~~S) p-v-otbiz t]uatif\QI celm1!_a$ :baP;~.,6id.eB· ead 3.. q CL,a:] e,~:n't n d ill .ape nas e n.l'm 101t.e;g3fil~I~~S,. A
,A, .~]ei'~.,~
~I
ltlcrrn:e nas
siUlldivid~:i]a, em
al ullto:~eiDJu
illiil;iia
pM;iiJ!
.1EI!, W.:lj~::':H:i'~tlij)
dv\Si:![,:n;~'mt~S[.ftl']n(~~~ 0 J]ti$~.U,m3dlf~r-.e]~,~.
, ,r];(."CID:ltqlr:~:m. t:i6
Ic[\[}nl,Q~OO'f.iri~.} ).
mp~oom" • emn~
~:I1l :D1.1:to..-qe,
'llOij,g(HJ :fil'H}S .~ r. .~
!itibEjlfiiie:'
~rnmD~S{fmDS:
,e;9pb:,alilZa~fiD.]i,(j\r.mjo~.a
.~
fOr3.ii'li. eada
'UU'mi.J:mije~,
Q09l
emmossamos, ,D,(t,sta
de. c.t'ttl;r.(ha:Hde hom61og,a 01jJ, haa~intl~L e rire,~v,el"~ ,E~l-.e feJmmenn ,crn:ts:~l;~ num des m,aii! ·~:f.i.'i.l)CH;taQtea e espet~f'Ulare~,
I~W[[ti~
g~ 'Sfilua ae
r~en;oo
mesma
mstribw~a e sau,
1b'$P1j~l,nD'
ID"lWi ID'I" v~ri~.b~lidilJde ,ge;nliSti:ca ,ias es:pee..ie$j' per g~r,M [JrOVfl,S, oo(llllhdEja,~OO~.de g~e~,.
Na, :v(['iitlca
lc:t'Om1itid~
'tL~
i?.$~~ .~
bom6logas
IP,aq;ill~
!OOllS'Htui lID
fl~
pa] ~ - S6'~m
mi~!Ir;~n'~$ antes
([U'ie :8G'j:rz;m1
'p~,flil(lS'
a fr~nt:B.
, Ctomll~_:_' homoJDfTm . __ --
Oba:e~:r'v';a-,~re 0
!~s R1~oo '11cam d:ispci:stet5J brl.o R l~o. Cootinua B eSp1ializa9&,a des !l::mmOl3'~rmlo~.
~ -;tllt- ';!'Ii £~:g'loll'II.";;L
'Ii!'
'~~rnn;OeD:mJt1iS ~hnm6~!E1g.DS1:Fen,[km,ern!f) di.~~ ,s1n3J,pSe '~6mQ~~mj.cil,., 0 ~mellQ G 'jdlo tw~~'~' qu~ os·
em'pa"reIh.amen;tfJ
des
dr, D.iplllll'~enm,
N~BSta.
oP'tica'I
dU91S,
:pi~'bra,s
,
c:r.omaxi,des,
que o~,eremcssemes
e.o11i5tltmdna, po(r
a,!T;m]CTi]sc~i~
'~~ ~~ffi'S;
lC'romllsso,mo~, llaEll16~:og,~,
10 srib~J;r'l;nZmmle'lllk1! de CJl~Jiilll~tj,~lQS h~mlo~ob~~; 'p~.',~ndo WId ~X~'" E~tes ~~ d~; CIuzBa_ffinlrbj, rmmn denouii iii SIOOti; qui3SmaS. 0, qniasma. e. O(Hmeq,t~·nd8 da.peonllta;rao crmnoo~,n:rica., Lego, 10 numL~M ile qiJ1.a~ilQ. Indiea e :iI:'iJ1Jlmern de' ~eEJlm,1!l't~~fi~soOLl'lTidas. Jrucia ill 8:fa\St~menM'dos
Em clet~ii~Hdos
'puil11kR!!l' 61~~J8sf~'1obs~r.v(tr'
Dip 61elflol
Q~..a8R1a
~~ :P.aqm'tenn
,I%. e,G01'ldeH$a:i.i11[J,
~,axeo~'
ja
~ H,tonbl~,d.a
~(J~~
O!5
tw(}m,o~o:m~
aDlp~Falhfilll.,ento
ebservados .. ,~v:
, ,
se
;OOlll'G!1
"Hmil. Ie ~
C(Jrm~
mf.0'~~·
,~I~~IH!LJO
'ii;~u!.;!~a
..::II '
t,lm
{fUliliIJ tQS
suas
eonj un
,d,lhama,do.s bilvaJent'B
h(!,]'Ii '6~,o~(i~' esUtj
no.m6Ji1,gos. ,,&8fun ns Qlmasm,as ,det1]i.:z8.1I1 parD, ns It!~'ttiades (:si{f \<istve.r~ RI1ll. qruatri(~crnrnu1.tii!lAEls}. !~lIDiJtemo'Sdos c.romOB~6mOg" ,fen&mmo ,cmhe~_ido, :~iI)t'tem1lil!laU~~'O c!to~,qui0J~as .. 'N'o p~uitHiEllo., e'vell'W~]nuall,lte. ian:~~ do thn ,ic, ~'i:g6te'r:l'o~ fH;nthnn, ot6:rl'c't' j[ra:' UrU n as A desin't.e.g~a~a(lh do e:oy:o'it6;, ,to, mI;urijle3l' ta'CQrre. ~1riom ~bdj~~ d~, I~~)~ymos h~I1log:<n$ ,[e~trm ,1ll.1ll611~ desta' fiL..~ 1121,09' pm."Si8 "er(OlU~I)m!OSj ~mpa.T-l{!Ilhad,os) q,1!W' Sao 's~,gu.i(ljijs PQF so:ld~dl.il.11'n1~ mnda llgat.cLns, peli:n:aneoom ,~, regja)l) 18lq,lH'B.:to:rla.], ll'G,p-aJ:adot"d'li!l. Add~in:~ln1,~nt~" no '~flih~Jin:to~, a da. loolill,~~ I~Ia~ t3.'m,l~~mili 0, t1!es!;~:!:l8.rec[me:~:lJ:~'do !Sotdwium pode i~,.]11!'\f2~ntM 'b!~l:r;. 'ljJ.m,~, tTI']II!~:tld,~ ~ljJG, eo:1:o. ~
itmm,lfi~Mm1S;
I~!
empare1bit~iOfi0 (],1ll
'~:~I Di~m~~
Continaa
Q
afastamento
dos,
cnDimoaSamnot1
16
tHWJJ~
_,~L.!_,
Nm citoplam1iJl
ill
=~,,I,,.,,,;"_1
'0
[cUn'as "l]~bu~s., ,M. diBJJ ,et~pa OS' 1cell't!i:iQIos chegal!u 80S pdJia.s. SlLlrrgem es cinero~ e saQ fo:Ema~& ss flbras 1~O'JI108~-GmicaS~
mn
'"
-.'
,Emlimenlte llPr. ItsOO, R luei.ose 1 ·6 ,dita; l~edtl(io:~ cOltlSider,ando' qljJ_i_E! as t.e]~ fOlnnad~s :l1a~, ter8io ,Wiiais ns h,QRltQ,llOg-dS. mas um !C1umosSGmO .J I..j...l. d. ". "d'aUl:U1C:!IIHiJLO CHuM pID~•com suas '_ UfIlS c:ro:m.at[ ~"eB. ue' ..!IAnal,ase I
o @i,i'iIiv.oltoldo
nu,~~lea.r
rornpe-se e, o rnudoolo,
d~~i,.
,1fe.tdf.'Se I
~pmn.8:
o~
I
~m:idom
cll,1lIPn~oo~'.<iB
I~-~]OB 'Cj'!1riiaemal$'.Atingrgm,
•
'0 :mllixbM
-
~]B, .
t~O'Ilde;llg:BfRjiJl
bW1Lolo~~ Sa ~]ieU[rt,T,~1li emJ~aro"lIJlta(l~ ,~ URh)Jfj~ pelo qui~,sm1,at.; n~· -ru'E!!t~:raJJ'~,~la, II1tit~S~ os·
eI":~m:H~'S'~Qmn5
mlims-e.,
NLifjl'weIJimrel [U'8"
entre a mclaj"~
crQm~!O\.'Sl
C1Ja
des erernnssomos aea polOcs. 10 mso miUilllied deaapa re e e e iD ~orl"',e 'rBJl d,es e nnd en 8 a ~.io ic.I"{!m(Jl~iirgGi\miea. Oeerre :II ree;:z;tru,tnral,.~ao (to. 'E!lJlvultOrro' [1I.'[lC~a.r~ reaperscanda, talube:m !j)~, m:-I!.cll~o.t.o.s., Desta ·rb.1Dl~~ ,eomplel.a::SB:a ,crnj)dm~:se. A S~.1t 'ot'QirT0 a lcitQai:i'1~ ~ a: ·f.ormoa~M das
J
1iIT_~
,ElIJ,
dlli'e're'D:~'a e que, n a. m.'eiose 8-S -rID];' as erom D,S s ~mJI~ ~ a (c:ine,toc,oI"]"C a ~ ~ !JlBL S ~om,lRtid.e8l~];rmij~, i:rll~Miam~se., ara, 0 ll'g,esm,oQ lW3[Q; p Ja :08 mLto~e as fibraa ,c.ro~5B.OitITi.c8S. dfl' esda
,[jJJ!)OUl
eID'pH:reJU::. a do~'
hQ,uHi.logos
na
pb(:-EJ
~i(D
~e
"'~:".:,'If~_ c'l'l!..
uOls
I, d~i](m:uih:mdu :b;d;_m~u~.,
S~
e qu 8 turia1 ~ On tra
H'
'~de,mna ,in",~dla:roi"~~:lent ..
M-1fdfIBBI
oontidQS opQ-ste3.
n:'
resultantes
IOTOU1.0 S~
In]rtant,o~ .es .c,~:-,'om,,[jmetliJiS. ]Je~aIJztl"I~m 08 [L1:1cifeoloo, e! a ~ar.i,G!ilee8 ~f:'e, &agD':tM:!11ia~ao. ASSlilll ft.e.rminilJ 8. ,~lt'tlf~ I1.
'1!~~ro..:l1 (.imul~l~ UI:I~~.
C>'!l'm{'IIRI1!11:;<,1T.!1"r~~
apareeende,
Aq:m: 1liii
~lm(il,
'-.
1111 rose:
, . •
~"
,diJ~~,
I.
091,0
. _:..
fu_n,d(j_n~~n~'I'paI'~"'H.
' ' .•
d10 .'
1U:IIIDIo IiI!NlIJ~~l
ifliml~."
a.nH.:U U
II:JII
n LLIII
&
~"1.P
·~.Jp;Jllmln"'illi'i ti.!+~..:i
~_~II~
~~,g,
,~,,,,,;::;.']~'·ml
v''_'
... !!:o
....
~~I!J
b"l~ ..illtr!1I.
'Illnoli
b.oHUilO~G 'fol."lHadios, IH)],,' I3URSi el"}ill,uut,Jt.idcs~ mlig:ra,illFl, ,p~,a. P.alM ,~p!O_~tQ8 ds, Cle(~Iu.1la.. Na
~IJLflrlllrill.i,t"
I
cmml~sSlllmo.9-_in1lai~$l, 6.lh~s).. '~~,~ as, r 111_6hl'J;, .m~u1;[eudf~. ,a..~m.~, irt~eW-\o '0 ~ diplaide ,de e~tnt:!V~D]n,ro,,_
3~:U"~~ ~9'
F. "
..d.:;t
'mi~-
fi1i,~m
oolula. Os
fuoo, de
d~,
EuJ. .tun!;;a~l'do
giamLe;ti~
ae '¥i:daJ,
em
em..:
(]post~till".
:fulruizand:r~,III :Ll1i.,~~Mi:lIlse It
'bd:n'i!em,. pOF'
.
de
ease,
Os, 'g:I:Ln_etas Jfm!El~adEl~,' q['IL1ri siLi h~,pl6;ide!. P,m- m:e~o da &cittda~~ II -,~ero m.pldide ~ testabe[Qc:blo, :D'Il dgoto. A :p_::n;~ 100 Zli~to a. [ni~~se sera, ree:'pon~&1.f:e]peb, :Ilo:nn,tar~l_ cl;e~e.rJi.\i'o[vime,n.'L'O, e ::r.na.rubl'tellpn ,do :i10rV.li ,indj:~du~,
~p'Im'(les.
!~,
os
'~m_
dipt,ID1!de" ~.
wm
O{~.
An,Q:#hge
II
(ou
d~ c61u]a,~ iihegadil!iJ, ~ aamu:i]OOml:~~~: nos .A d :p(Hos ~3f:'~ ,1:1' ,ewce:w.,3tllu,en:1101 d~. :m.MSlse IL
,r~njj;~S,} am, p
IlflwlIJldua
dip_~idQ
(i,eH'D~~t;a ~
~2n1
:-----,1
Fe au., da-Ii'3Q
Zf:I1.DtiCJ~
,i'1!i'..']!' ,"#,' . ,.I t:"I!D:1 Di5iE'
VI('
,lni~iDl:
H' ". ..
d,ese$.Pirr-a]J,Zl.l;il:!=,i1JJll IOeonl~ ~, _\"e(il1"'g)::ull.iz.arau
J a.
m~g, ,[J~illo:iil'
i[]f]~ia.~,<:l
dlo!:'5.
dJ[}~
cr,;:~o~Stlmtj~"
algas, ~J:!l)'~O:-?~i¥i~D~' fLli~S;. o~1Ildb,[duO,S, fi:1~~ lllia:pM.ide:~ e a :prod~§.~1 de gJan~eb:iii;hen.'l.'Iro~Oe(~li~t-e POl': :m.i.moo,... D\$:, ,fu.sNo duSi
giS..rl!cl~tM ~i[1l1·ge·
UI!]]],
dEl: meiose oC6l'.r-e' ,no z:igub). ~. 'ri:n:ic.$, OOll!.d~ clip.16..i,.d(:j dn 'P:1I'~;!i~~;" Oe~;:u:rei' eln ceIta;!!l
ESJ1:ie' tip1u
YLigpl:o
cada C~Ht,1J3 ItrUe' ri:3'J:I,'t[!Q:U em. mej.'a:,$~ U'~ Otli. sej'i1;; qttatflil c~~.wa~ ha.,p16itte'$ no ,wi~. 'CO;[1rC11llindo. P:~~~ carta.. t:~']:~1a Icli:pl6ide q~e imidoti 0 pr.(!!teSsu. de nleiG$le ,~j§(jj,
ftk'HtII.a.tt.ls: qua'b.n. ~1t[J.a:s ba'plt~~~.,
;l;J.nme-i_ rn~jl'il~llJo.li IIhP-Qilll!l.d~
.f1lIio.1I1I':I W~
relru,~~Uh~~ .. &
·A seg:-uir
O\r.:~g;i'nan,cl,o, d[lLl8L8.
.nleil~liu~.
li,a.'Pl6:ide~, para
o ci.clu ~
~'L"III.
III:i
o -=
! IIrrn.!l!i:t'~ ~hll~j'~
li,jl!!1t!'r
.Eflpiir;.e,(J
OR,
Il(l;te.rm;fuliiiriR'i
1Il1tliQ;i!i~ ~. ,~. fuT'liE!a~Q
~pt_DtO:r;, OC~>Bl'
olljet'U~'H' d,~ta.
[cleO
hap'Mid,~ por.'
g:amJ!~·t6fi.to q:ue e·. h~,p'Mid,e resulha ,d:2l ~t::rfUn~'o dos ~~.po:t-.os:}e·' fO:[".~na. gc~H~~t~ h3.p~6ia,e~·p~~ _m:ih}~f;;L gar.Ilf;H:,a~, Os
fiU~riQ$~
if)
sa: fi.lnlLLam. 'na .f'8c]m:[l~~ilG p1f]:;~.opp~ar' Idip']6iude qltlie vai. fo:nllu ~. ,~.po~n[~,
dlp6rJd:e.
me]Qse
iLtm..z~gG[f:j]
10 €~(:h-~d.e vida- em
~.l!]je a
e-
hldi~dug
tJl~]ghi:e,(2$ll
~"b!m:mdi'rIDi
ESfni05i
c
I""'""'FiEI~.mi~o-EiltmGtas.
·~~p11l
I tll"loll1l:i
(n!
hd
de,