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envio: 06/10/2008
Diagramador: Cleberson
cubomultimidia publicaes
e-mail: acta@infocentral.com.br
1. Introduction
Morphometry is associated with practically all physical,
chemical and biological properties of lakes and reservoirs
(Wetzel, 2001). Morphometric features define the heat
content, the water retention time and the circulation patterns of lakes (Hkanson, 2005). These properties, in turn,
are fundamental to understand the functioning of aquatic
ecosystems. The volume and water retention time, for
example, are essential for estimating the carrying capacity
for fish production, or even to detect the fate of nutrient
and contaminants in a lake (Sampaio et al., 2007). Fee
(1979) demonstrated that the mean depth is a critical factor
controlling the magnitude of primary production in most
lakes. Several authors have proposed that lake area is a determinant parameter to define the depth of the thermocline
Acta Limnol. Bras., 2008, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 117-130.
require intensive training of a working team of researchers. In addition, this new technology must be applied in a
scientific context.
In Brazil, several lakes have been intensively studied over
the past decades. Good examples are the lakes situated in the
Middle Rio Doce Lake District in the state of Minas Gerais,
and in particular Lake Dom Helvcio. The present study
had the main objective to redevelop the bathymetric map
of Lake Dom Helvcio using the differential GPS (DGPS)
technology for collection of data on geographical location,
together with state-of-the-art equipment for collecting
depth data. Additionally, this contribution re-evaluated the
basic morphometric features and discussed the differences
between the new estimates and existing information.
Morphometric study of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD)...
7813000
7812500
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18
30
7812000
18
22
30
18
22
36
18
22
22
18
18
30
18
7810500
18
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7811000
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7811500
22
7810000
6
7809500
UTM
0
748500
500
749000
6
6
1000 m
749500
750000
750500
751000
751500
30
752000
752500
Figure 1. Bathymetric map of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, state of Minas Gerais. Point in red indicates the
location of maximum depth (39.3 m).
W
N
S
E
0
500
1000 m
Figure 2. Bathymetric profiles in three-dimensional perspective of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, state of Minas
Gerais, south-north view.
Acta Limnol. Bras., 2008, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 117-130.
Morphometric study of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD)...
Depth (m)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
Figure 3. Lateral view of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, state of Minas Gerais showing the point of maximum
depth (arrow), north-south view.
5.27 km2
59.4 x106 m3
37.7 km
11.4 km2
3.1 km
1.2 km
39.2 m
11.3 m
1.52%
1.69 km
0.86
4.61
3.04
This
study
Volume (x106 m3)
59.40
Maximum depth (m)
39.20
Surface area (km2)
5.27
Mean depth (m)
11.30
Shoreline length (km) 37.70
Shoreline development 4.61
Percentage
difference
+614.0
+20.6
23.3
6.6
16.2
15.4
Area
(m2)
Area
(%)
5266336.34
4034813.77
2955879.74
2171642.04
1596208.77
1034701.79
680224.25
320446.21
61549.6
3174.39
0.62
100.0
76.62
56.13
41.24
30.31
19.65
12.92
6.08
1.17
0.08
0.00
Layer
Volume
(m3)
17581250.44
Volume
(%)
29.57
4-8
13560758.03
8-12
9860782.17
12-16
7289225.44
16-20
5111083.60
20-24
3279174.63
24-28
1981092.47
28-32
679329.99
32-36
89890.54
36-39.3
2669.80
Total 59435257.13
22.82
16.59
12.24
8.60
5.51
3.32
1.13
0.21
0.02
0-4
100.00
4. Conclusions
This study used a new procedure that makes it possible to obtain all basic morphometric parameters and to
generate a bathymetric chart very rapidly, with sub-metric
accuracy. Additionally, this is a low-cost method, provided
the echosounder is available. The most difficult step was to
obtain an affordable cartographic basis, since it is crucial to
calibrate the shoreline for this kind of investigation.
The present study was able to show that the existing
data concerning Lake Dom Helvcio morphometry, as
well as its old bathymetric chart, needed new adjustments.
Considering the differences observed in lake area and
volume between our and the previous study (Table 3), we
also suggest a revision of some aspects of lake function,
such as heat content or lake stability and oxygen deficit,
that have been published based on the older estimations
(e.g., Henryand Barbosa, 1989; Henry et al., 1989).
The complex spatial distribution of depths in Lake
Dom Helvcio suggests a high spatial variability in several
ecological properties of the lake. Thus, there must be large
spatial (longitudinal) differences in properties such as lo-
10
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a
70
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90 100
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b
80
90 100
Figure 4. Hypsographic curves of percent total surface area and percent maximum depth (a), and (b) percent total volume and percent
maximum depth of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, state of Minas Gerais.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. J. W. Reid for revising the English
style of the manuscript. This study was partially supported
by the Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Minas
Gerais (Proc. 5794- Fapemig/Fundep/UFMG). We also
thank the staff of the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce for
their collaboration.
References
AWULACHEW, SB. Investigation of physical and bathymetric
characteristics of Lakes Abaya and Chamo, Ethiopia, and
their management implications. Lakes & Reservoir: research
and management, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 133-140, 2006.
BARROS, CFA. Fatores que influenciam a variao temporal da
biomassa fitoplanctnica em um lago tropical profundo (lago
Dom Helvcio, Minas Gerais). Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 2003. [Dissertao
de Mestrado]
CEMIG, Levantamento Aerofotomtrico, Coronel Fabriciano 4.
Folhas 36-22-03 and 36-22-04, 1989.
Acta Limnol. Bras., 2008, vol. 20, no. 2, p. 117-130.
Morphometric study of Lake Dom Helvcio, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD)...