Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Apostila Ingles Instrumental 2011
Apostila Ingles Instrumental 2011
Apostila Ingles Instrumental 2011
1.PersonalPronouns
Herearethepersonalpronouns,followedbysomeexamplesentences:
number person
personal
pronouns
Gender
subject
//antesdoverbo
Object
//depoisdoverbo
singular 1st
male/female
me=>eu,me
2nd
male/female
you
you=>voc,tu
3rd
Male
he
him=>ele,ele
Female
she
her=>ela,ela
Neuter
it
it=>ele/ela(coisa)
Plural
1st
male/female
we
us=>ns,nos
2nd
male/female
you
you=>vs,vocs
3rd
male/female/neuter they
them=>eles,elas
Examples(ineachcase,thefirstexampleshowsa
subjectpronoun
,thesecondan
object
pronoun
):
I
likecoffee.
Johnhelped
me
.
Do
you
likecoffee?
Johnloves
you
.
He
runsfast.
DidRambeat
him
?
She
isclever.
DoesMaryknow
her
?
It
doesn'twork.
Cantheengineerrepair
it
?
We
wenthome.
Anthonydrove
us
.
Do
you
needatableforthree?
DidJohnandMarybeat
you
atdoubles?
They
playeddoubles.
JohnandMarybeat
them
.
Wealsooftenuse
it
totalkabouttheweather,temperature,timeanddistance:
It
'sraining.
It
willprobablybehottomorrow.
Is
itnineo'clockyet?
It
's50kilometresfromheretoCambridge.
2.Possessive Adjectives
e
Possessive Pronouns
Geralmenteosestudantesdeinglsseconfundemarespeitodostermosgramaticais
PossessiveAdjectives
e
PossessivePronouns
edecomouslos.Compreensvel,
afinalessestermossoligeiramenteparecidos.Sevoctemessasdvidas,minha
intenoacabarcomelasagoraporqueos
possessiveadjectives
eos
possessive
pronouns
sofacilmenteencontradosemtextosformaisenaconversaoinformal.
Parafacilitaroaprendizado,vamosreverossignificadosdostermosgramaticais
adjective
(adjetivo),
pronoun
(pronome)e
possessive
:
Adjective
vem do latim
ad
ao lado de +
jacre
pr, deitar. Ou seja,
adjective
palavra que se
deita ao lado
de outra. O adjetivo se deita ou posto ao lado de
um substantivo.
Pronoun
vem do latim
pro
em lugar de +
nomen
nome. Ou seja,
pronoun
colocado
no lugar de um nome
. O pronome posto no lugar de um substantivo,
substituindo-o. Relembro a voc que o substantivo tambm chamado de
nome
como na
concordncia nominal
na qual h concordncia de gnero, nmero e
nome
.
Possessive
vem do latim
possessvus
que indica possesso, do verbo
possidre
possuir.
Agoraquevocestntimodostermosgramaticais,vejamosos
PossessiveAdjectives
e
os
PossessivePronouns
natabelaabaixo:
Possessive
Adjectives
Possessive
Pronouns
//junto do substantivo
Pessoa
s
Traduo
My
Mine
Meu(s), minha(s)
You
Your
Yours
He
His
His
She
Her
Hers
It
Its
Its
We
Our
Ours
Nosso(s), nossa(s)
You
Your
Yours
They
Their
Theirs
Ospossessiveadjectivesnoseflexionam,ouseja,valemtantoparaosingularcomo
paraoplural.Empregueospossessiveadjectivesantesdesubstantivos(possessive
adjective+substantivo):
My
car,
my
cars
Your
car,
your
cars
His
car,
his
cars
Their
car,
their
cars
Ospossessivepronounsnoseflexionam,ouseja,valemtantoparaosingularcomo
paraoplural.Empregueospossessivepronounsparasubstituiracombinao
(possessiveadjective+substantivo),paraevitarrepeties:
My car is blue,
yours
is red. (Em vez de My car is blue, your car is red.)
Your car is red,
mine
is blue. (em vez de Your car is red, my car is blue.)
His car is green,
hers
is pink (em vez de His car is green, her car is pink.)
Empregueospossessivepronounsapsapreposio
of
numaconstruoespecial:
Ateno
:OsPossessivePronounsnuncasousadosantesdesubstantivo,poissua
funosubstituilo.
Review(Reviso)
Pronouns(PersonalandPossessive)
Personal
Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectivesand
Pronouns
Me
my
Mine
You
You
your
Yours
He
Him
his
His
She
Her
her
Hers
It
It
its
Its
we
us
our
Ours
you
you
your
Yours
they
them
their
Theirs
EXERCISES (EXECCIOS)
1)Escolhaopronomemaisadequadoepreenchaosespaosembranco.
A)Shedecidedtobuysomeflowersfor......mother.(Her,she,hers)
B)Weleftforthefarmwith.......families.(Us,our,we)
C)Hehired.....(She,hers,her)
D)Theyfound......mistake.(They,them,their)
E)Iwon.....firstawardin2001.(I,my,mine)
F)Ithas.....upsanddowns.(It,its)
Mini-Teste
Observeaspalavrasgrifadasabaixoedigaseelasso
possessiveadjectives
ou
possessivepronouns
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
This book is
ours
.
These copybooks are
theirs
.
Its
house is clean.
These cars are
hers
.
Alessandro and Adir are friends of
ours
.
This is
its
bone.
He was an enemy of
his
.
These are
our
books.
She is a relative of
mine
.
His
car is
mine
now.
1. Este livro nosso.
2. Estes cadernos so deles.
3. Sua casa est limpa.
4. Estes carros so dela.
5. Alessandro e Adir so amigos nossos.
6. Este o seu osso.
7. Ele era um inimigo dele.
LoveOfMyLife(Queen)
1Loveof______(MINEMEMY)life,you'vehurtme
2You'vebrokenmyheart,now_______(YOUYOUR)leave______(MEMINE).
3Loveof________(MINEMY)lifecan'tyousee,
4Bringitbackbringitback,
5Don'ttakeitawayfromme,
6Becauseyoudon'tknow
7Whatitmeansto_______(MINEME).
8Loveofmylifedon'tleave________(MYMINEME),
9You'vetakenmylove,younowdesertme,
10Loveofmylifecan't_______(YOURYOURSYOU)see,
11Bring______(ITITS)backbringitback,
12Don'ttakeitawayfromme,
13Becauseyoudon'tknow
14Whatitmeanstome.
15Youwillremember
16Whenthisisblownover,
17Andeverythingsallbytheway,
18WhenIgrowolder,
19Iwillbethereatyourside,
20ToremindyouhowIstillloveyou
21Istilllove_______(YOUYOURYOURS)
22Hurrybackhurryback
23Don'ttakeitawayfromme,
24Becauseyoudon'tknow
25Whatitmeanstome
26Loveofmylife
27Yeah...
4.
Content:
PersonalPronounsSubjectPronounsAdjectivepronounsPossessivepronouns.
Anyonewhohavealoveclosetothis
KnowswhatI'msaying
Anyonewhowantsadreamtocometrue
KnowshowI'mfeeling
All_________(IYOU)canthinkof
Isyouand________(MEMINE)doingthethings
Iwannado
All_______(IYOU)imagine
Isheavenonearth
Iknow________'s(ITITS)you
Anyonewhoeverkissedintherain
Knowsthewholemeaning
Anyonewhoeverstoodinthelight
Needsnoexplaining
Buteverythingmoreorless
Appearssomeaningless,
Blueandcold
Walkingalone
Throughtheafternoontraffic,
Imiss_______(YOUYOUR)so
Anyonewhofeltlike_______(IYOU)do
Anyonewhowasn'treadytofall
AnyonewholovedlikeIdo
Knows_________(ITITS)neverreallyhappensatall
It'soverwhenit'sover
WhatcanIdoabout________(ITITS)
Nowthatit'sover
Everythingmoreorless
Islookingsomeaningless
Andfadestogrey
Lyingawakeinanoceanofteardrops,
___________(IYOU)floataway
AnyonewhoeverfeltlikeIdo
Anyonewhowasn'treadytofall
AnyonewholovedlikeIdo
Knows_________(ITITS)neverreallyhappensatall
It'soverwhenit'sover
WhatcanIdoabout____________(ITITS)
Nowthatit'sallover
3.PresentContinuousGerndio(afirmativo)
O
PresentContinuous
utilizadoparaexpressaraesnopresente,asquais acontecemno momento em
que se fala, para indicar eventos futuros que tenham sido planejados e confirmados ou ainda para
expressarcertezadequealgoiracontecer.
Em
portugus
, o gerndio tem a seguinte terminao
ndo
, como por exemplo:
Eu estou caminhando
agora
. No ingls, formase com a
conjugao do verbo to be (am/is/are) + o verbo principal com a
terminao ing
. Ele geralmenteacompanhaadvrbiosdetempo:
now
(agora),
atpresent
(no presente),
atthemoment
(nomomento)eetc.
Observeoverbo
tospeak
:
Pronome
I
You
He
She
It
Verbotobe
am
are
is
are
We
You
They
Verbonogerndio
Speak
ing
O verbo to be
pode ser abreviado. As abreviaes so utilizadas na fala, visto que informal fazer
abreviaes.Naescrita,dispensamseabreviaes.Observe:
Pronome
I
You
He
She
It
Verbotobe
'm
're
's
're
We
You
They
ParatransformarumverboemPresentContinuous,aadiodoing,hqueseobservaralgumasregras:
VERBOSTERMINADOSEME:
retiraseoeeacrescentaseing
Change
(mudar):changing
EXCEES:
Be
(ser,estar):being
live
(viver):living
lie
(mentir):lying
Ex.:Iamhavingdinnernow.(Euestoujantandoagora.)
Youarelying.(Vocestmentindo.)
VERBOS DE UMA SLABA (OU DUAS, DESDE QUE A LTIMA SEJA TNICA,
TERMINADOSNA SEQUNCIACONSOANTEVOGALCONSOANTE):
dobrasealtima
letraeacrescentaseing
run(correr):
running
stop(parar):
stopping
Ex.:Sarahisrunningveryfast.(Sarahestcorrendomuitorpido.)
Heisstoppingatthecorner.(Eleestparandonaesquina.)
Obs.:Eminglsbritnico,dobraseaconsoanteL=>travel(viajar):travelling
EXCEO:Nosedobramasconsoanteswex:
Snow
(nevar):snowing
fix
(arrumar):fixing
MASCASOASLABATNICASEJAAPRIMEIRA:
somenteacrescentaseing
open(abrir):
opening
happen(acontecer):
happening
VERBOSTERMINADOSEMY:
acrescentaseing
play
(jogar):playing
say
(dizer):saying
Ex.:Wait!Iamplayingvideogame.(Espere!Euestoujogandovideogame.)
Look!Heissayingsomething.(Olhe!Eleestdizendoalgumacoisa.)
try
(tentar):trying
cry
(chorar):crying
Ex.:Thisexerciseisdifficult.Imtryingtodoit.(Esseexercciodifcil.Euestoutentandofazlo.)
OhmyGod,sheiscrying.(meuDeus,elaestchorando.)
VERBOSTERMINADOSEMIE:
trocaseoieporyeacrescentaseing
lie
(mentir):lying
die
(morrer):dying
Ex.:Sheislyingtome.(Elaestmentindoparamim.)
Imdying.(Euestoumorrendo.)
EXERCCIOS
1Paraformarogerndioemingls,acrescentaseaterminaoINGnofinaldos
verbos,pormhalgumasregraseexcees.Marqueaalternativaquetenhatodosos
verbosnaformacorretadogerndio.
a)toplayplaying/toloveloving/tostopstopping/toagreeagreeing
b)toplayplaing/toloveloveing/tostopstoping/toagreeagreeing
c)toplayplaing/toloveloving/tostopstopping/toagreeagreing
d)toplayplaying/toloveloving/tostopstoping/toagreeagring
2QuantoaoestudodoPresentContinuous,marqueaalternativaquetenhaaforma
corretadeumafrasenessetempoverbal:
a)Paulisworkinthegardenatthismoment.
b)Paulisworkinginthegardenatthismoment.
c)Paulworkinginthegardenatthismoment.
d)Paulareworkinginthegardenatthismoment.
3MarqueaalternativaquecompletecorretamenteasfrasesaseguirnoPresent
continuous:
IThewoman________(towear)blackclothes.
IIThoseboys____________(tolook)atyou.
a)wearing/looking
b)iswear/arelook
c)arewearing/islooking
d)iswearing/arelooking
4QualaformanegativadafraseOurchildrenarefacingseriousproblems?
a)Notourchildrenarefacingseriousproblems.
b)Ourchildrennotarefacingseriousproblems.
c)Ourchildrenarenotfacingseriousproblems.
d)Ourchildrenarentarefacingseriousproblems.
5QualaformainterrogativadafraseThecatisrunningaroundthetable?
a)Runningthecatisaroundthetable?
b)Isthecatrunningaroundthetable?
c)Theiscatrunningaroundthetable?
d)Thecatisrunningaroundthetable?
6AfraseMysistersworksomuchnoPresentContinuousseria:
a)Mysistersareworksomuch.
b)Mysistersworkingsomuch.
c)Mysistersisworkingsomuch.
d)Mysistersareworkingsomuch.
4.SimplePastTense
O passado simples dos verbos regulares marcado pelo sufixo ed. J os verbos
irregulares possuem formas prprias, e caso surja algumadvidasconsultar atabela
dopassadodosverbosirregularesnessemesmosite.
Em frases afirmativas, a forma do passado simples :
Sujeito + passado do verbo +
complemento.
Shebrokeherleg.
(Elaquebrousuaperna).
Hestudiedalotyesterday.
(Eleestudoubastanteontem).
Thedogbarkedalotlastnight.
(Ocolatiubastantenanoitepassada).
Theywokeuplatethismorning.
(Elesacordaramatrasadosestamanh).
Para as sentenas negativas necessrio utilizar o auxiliar did + not para todas as
pessoas. O auxiliar deve vir sempre aps osujeito.Elepodevirnasuaformacompleta,
did not, ou abreviada,didnt.Pelofatodejestarmosusandooauxiliardopassado,
did,overbodevevirsemprenoinfinitivosemoto,ejamaisconjugadonopassado.
Theydidnotwashthecarthisweekend
.(Elesnolavaramocarroessefimdesemana).
We didnt send emails to our parents
. (Ns no mandamos emails para os nossos
pais).
IdidntseeJackatthepartyyesterday
.(EunovioJacknafestaontem).
Shedidnotcuthernails
.(Elanocortousuasunhas).
Nas frases interrogativas, assim como nas negativas, necessrio utilizar o auxiliar
did, logo, vale relembrar que o verbo nunca deve vir conjugado. Na construo de
frases interrogativas, colocase primeiro o auxiliar did, seguido dosujeito+verbono
infinitivosemto+complemento.
Did Mary and Carol go to the mall last week? (A Mary e a Carol foram ao shopping
semanapassada?).
DidPhillipbuyhismotheragift?
(OPhilipcomprouumpresenteparaasuame?).
DidAmandasingatthefestival?
(AAmandacantounofestival?).
DidJohngiveyouallthismoney?
(OJohnlhedeutodoestedinheiro?).
EXERCISES
1.Completecomotempoverbaladequadoasfrasesabaixo:
a)Francis________________homeyesterday.
(toleave)
b)I________________toGuarujlastweek.
(togo)
c)She________________thathouseayearago.
(tobuy)
d)Mark________________toyoulastmonth.
(towrite)
02.
TheBrazilianfootballteam_______________toVenezuelalastweek.
a)flew
b)fly
c)flown
d)flying
e)haveflown
03.
Iwishtomorrow________________Easter.
a)hasbeen
b)is
c)were
d)be
e)wilbe
04.
I____________whathe____________butIcouldnotunderstandit.
a)hear/said
b)heard/says
c)hear/say
d)heard/said
e)hearing/saying
05.
NowIrealizethatIactedasifI________________achild.
a)was
b)be
c)were
d)is
e)am
06.
Thelittleboy______thepictureofagardenatschoollastMonday.
a)draw
b)draws
c)drawn
d)drew
e)drawing
07.
Mymotherisnotverypatient.Iwishshe_____________ourproblems.
a)understood
b)understands
c)willunderstand
d)canunderstand
e)mayunderstand
08.
Yesterday,whilehe_______downthestreet,he_______anoldfriendofhis.
a)haswalked/met
b)walked/hadmet
c)waswalking/met
d)walked/wasmeeting
e)walks/met
09.
IwishI_______moremoney:Iwouldbuyanewflat.
a)earn
b)earned
c)earns
d)toearn
e)amearning
10.
TheBritishAmbassadortoParis_______hisfirstpublicspeech.
a)makes
b)make
c)ismaking
d)made
e)tomake
5
.RegularandIrregularVerbs
Regular
Assim, quando flexionamos esses verbos para construir oraes no simple past, por
exemplo,colocamososufixoednofinaldecadaverbo.
Ex:Shearriv
ed
fromBraslialastmonth.=ElachegoudeBraslianoltimoms.
Weplay
ed
socceryesterday.=Nsjogamosfutebolontem.
IrregularVerbs
Ex:I
brought
thisgifttoyou.=Eutrouxeessepresentepravoc.
I
sold
anelectricguitar.=Euvendiumaguitarra.
Verbos Irregulares
BaseForm
PastTense
PastParticiple
PortugueseTranslation
BE
was,were
been
Ser,estar
BEAT
beat
beaten
Bater
BECOME
became
become
Tornarse
BEGIN
began
begun
Comear
BITE
bit
bitten
Morder
BLEED
bled
bled
Sangrar,terhemorragia
BLOW
blew
blown
Assoprar,explodir
BREAK
broke
broken
Quebrar
BRING
brought
brought
Trazer
BUILD
built
built
Construir
BUY
bought
bought
Comprar
CATCH
caught
caught
Pegar,capturar
CHOOSE
chose
chosen
Escolher
COME
came
come
Vir
COST
cost
cost
Custar
CUT
cut
cut
Cortar
DEAL
dealt
dealt
Negociar,tratar
DIG
dug
dug
Cavar,cavocar
DO
did
done
Fazer
DRAW
drew
drawn
Desenhar
DRINK
drank
drunk
Beber
DRIVE
drove
driven
Dirigir,irdecarro
EAT
ate
eaten
Comer
FALL
fell
fallen
Cair
FEED
fed
fed
Alimentar
FEEL
felt
felt
Sentir,sentirse
FIGHT
fought
fought
Lutar
FIND
found
found
Achar,encontrar
FLY
flew
flown
Voar,pilotar
FORBID
forbade
forbidden
Proibir
FORGET
forgot
forgotten
Esquecer
FORGIVE
forgave
forgiven
Perdoar
FREEZE
froze
frozen
Congelar,paralisar
GET
got
gotten
Obter
GIVE
gave
given
Dar
GO
went
gone
Ir
GROW
grew
grown
Crescer,cultivar
HAVE
had
had
Ter
HEAR
heard
heard
Ouvir
HIDE
hid
hidden
Esconder
HIT
hit
hit
Bater
HOLD
held
held
Segurar
KEEP
kept
kept
Guardar,manter
KNOW
knew
known
Saber,conhecer
LAY
laid
laid
Colocaremposiohorizontal,assentar
LEAVE
left
left
Deixar,partir
LEND
lent
lent
Daremprestado
LIE
lay
lain
Deitar
LOSE
lost
lost
Perder,extraviar
MAKE
made
made
Fazer,fabricar
MEAN
meant
meant
Significar,quererdizer
MEET
met
met
Encontrar,conhecer
PAY
paid
paid
Pagar
PUT
put
put
Colocar
QUIT
quit
quit
Abandonar
READ
read
read
Ler
RIDE
rode
ridden
Andar
RING
rang
rung
Tocar(campainha,etc.)
RISE
rose
risen
Subir,erguerse
RUN
ran
run
Correr,concorrer,dirigir
SAW
sawed
sawn
Serrar
SAY
said
said
Dizer
SEE
saw
seen
Ver
SELL
sold
sold
Vender
SEND
sent
sent
Mandar,enviar
SHAKE
shook
shaken
Sacudir,tremer
SHINE
shone
shone
Brilhar,reluzir
SHOOT
shot
shot
Atirar,alvejar
SHOW
showed
shown
Mostrar,exibir
SHRINK
shrank
shrunk
Encolher,contrair
SHUT
shut
shut
Fechar,cerrar
SING
sang
sung
Cantar
SINK
sank
sunk
Afundar,submergir
SIT
sat
sat
Sentar
SLEEP
slept
slept
Dormir
SPEAK
spoke
spoken
Falar
SPEND
spent
spent
Gastar
SPREAD
spread
spread
Espalhar
STAND
stood
stood
Parardep,agentar
STEAL
stole
stolen
Roubar
STRIKE
struck
struck
Golpear,desferir,atacar
SWEAR
swore
sworn
Jurar,prometer,assegurar
SWEEP
swept
swept
Varrer
SWIM
swam
swum
Nadar
SWING
swung
swung
Balanar,alternar
TAKE
took
taken
Pegar,levar,tomar
TEACH
taught
taught
Ensinar,daraula
TELL
told
told
Contar
THINK
thought
thought
Pensar
THROW
threw
UNDERSTAND understood
thrown
Atirar,arremessar
understood
Entender
WEAR
wore
worn
Vestir,usar,gastar
WIN
won
won
Vencer,ganhar
WRITE
wrote
written
Escrever
A)Hit:
B)Beat:
C)Cut:
D)Put:
E)Hurt:
F)Let:
G)Set:
2.Construacincofrasesquepossuamverbosirregulares.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6.
PresentPerfectTense
Usamoso"PresentPerfectTense"paranosreferirmosaalgoqueaconteceunopassado,mas
quemantmalgumtipodeconexocomopresente.Overboprincipalencontraseno"Past
Participle".Quandousamoso"PresentPerfect",estamospensandonopassadoenopresenteao
mesmotempo,tantoquepodemosmodificarumasentenano"PresentPerfect",transformandoa
emumafraseno"SimplePresent"semalterarseusentido.Veja:
I
'vebroken
myarm.(=Myarm
is
brokennow.)
.
O"PresentPerfectTense",porm,nousadoquandononosreferimosaopresente:
I
missed
thebusyesterday.(
eno
I
havemissed
thebusyesterday)
.
O"PresentPerfectTense"tambmusadoquandonosreferimossconsequnciasqueaes
consumadastmnopresente:
Suzy
hashad
ababy.
[Istosignificaque,agora(emvirtudedeumaaopassada),Suzytemum
filho.]
George
hasshot
hisgirlfriend.
[Istosignificaque,agora(emvirtudedeumaaopassada),a
namoradadeGeorgeestmorta.]
.
Tambmusamoso"PresentPerfectTense"paraafirmarmose/ouperguntarmos/negarmosse
algojaconteceualgumavez,sejaconteceuantes,senuncaaconteceu,seaconteceuat
certadata,senoaconteceuatcertoperodo,sealgoaindanoaconteceu.Algunsexemplos
(notequeatraduodosexemplosimpossveldeserfeitaconservandoseasnuancesdo
tempo,particularlnguainglesa):
Have
youeverseen
ElvisPresley?(=vocjviu,algumavez,oElvis?)
I
'veneverseen
ElvisPresley.(=eununcaviElvisPresley)
IthinkI
'vealreadydone
it.(=euachoqueeujfizisso)
He
haswritten
shutup'
for
onehour.(=eleescreveushutup'duranteumahora)
Has
Lyndon
comeyet
?(=oLyndonjveio?)
.
O"PresentPerfectTense"podeindicaraesquetiveramincionopassadoevmacontecendo
atopresente:
I
'vestudied
mathematics
foryears.
(=euvenhoestudandomatemticapormuitosanos)
I'
vetried
tocallyou
sincetwoo'clock.(
=tenhotentadoteligardesdeasduashoras)
She
'sknownhim
since1897.(
enunca
Sheknowshimsince1897)
.
Nuncausamoso"PresentPerfectTense"emsentenasemqueexistamadvrbiosdetempo
definido,taiscomo
yesterday,lastweek,then,twentyyearsago,in1764etc.
.
Quandoqueremosnosreferiraaesquecomearamnopassadoeaindacontinuam
acontecendo,podemoslanarmodeumoutrotipodeconstruo,almdoprprio"Present
PerfectTense",chamada"PresentPerfectProgressive".Suaformaseddaseguintemaneira:
We
'vebeenstudyingsince
eighto'clockinthemorning.
(=estamosestudandodesdeasoito
horasdamanh)
Porm,damosprefernciaao"PresentPerfectTense"quandonosreferimosaaesmais
permanentese/ouduradouras.O"PresentPerfectProgressive"prefervelquandoasaesso
maisefmeras:
Thatman
'sbeenstandingthere
alldaylong.
Thathugecastle
'sstoodthere
for1200years.
EXERCISES1Selecionedotextosolicitadoosvervosnopresenteperfeito.
Listening activity
Shestarted(start
started
)dressinglikemeandtalkinglikeme
Itfreakedmeout
Shestartedcallingyouupinthemiddleofthenight
What'sthatabout?
Ijustwanttobetherewhenyoudiscover
Youwakeupinthemorningnexttoyournewlover
Shemightcookyoubreakfastandloveyouintheshower
Theflavorofthemoment,'causeshedoesn'thavewhat'sours
She'snotme
Shedoesn'thave(
have
has)myname
She'llneverhavewhatIhave
Itwon'tbethesame,itwon'tbethesame
Ishouldhaveseenthesignwhenyouwerehere
Underadifferentlight,it'sallsoclear
Shewas(
was
is)stealing,stealing,stealing
Andnowyou'refeeling,feeling,feeling
Shestarteddyeingherhair
Andwearingthesameperfumeasme
Shestartedreadingmybooks
Andstealingmylooksandlingerie
Ijustwant(
want
wants)tobetherewhenyoudiscover
Youwakeupinthemorningnexttoyournewlover
Shemightmakeyoubreakfastandloveyouintheshower
Thethrillismomentary,'causeshedoesn'thavewhat'sours
She'snotme
Shedoesnt(don't
doesn't
)havemyname
She'llneverhavewhatIhave(
have
has)
Itwon'tbethesame,itwon'tbethesame
Sheislickingherlips
Andshe'sbattinghereyes
She'snotme
She'sgotlegsuptothere
Andsuchbeautifulhair
She'snotme
Oh,devotedforlife
Makeabeautifulwife
She'snotme
Ifyouspendsomemoretime
Iguaranteeyouwillfind(
find
finds)
She'snotme
IknowIcandoitbetter
Ifsomeonewants(want
wants
)topimpyourstyle
Andhangwithyoualittlewhile
Andmakeupallthethingsyoulack
You'regonnahavetowatchit
She'snotme
Shedoesn'thavemyname
She'llneverhavewhatIhave
Itwon'tbethesame,itwon'tbethesame
Neverletyouforget
She'snotme
She'snotme,andsheneverwillbe
Neverletyouforget
She'snotme
She'snotme,andsheneverwillbe
Gotafunnywayofshowingyourfeelings
Iguessitwassomebullshitsayingyouloveme,loveme
Guessmyexpectationhittheceiling
Whenitcomebackitwouldjusttrustme,trustme
Wendy
She'snotme
She'snotme
She'snotme,andsheneverwillbe(3x)
WrittenActivity
Content:
Simplepresent
2. SimpleFuture
3. Simplepast
4. Presentcontinuous
1.
*Markthecorrectanswer:
1
Thelittlegirl_____holdingthreebigcomputers.
A.
AmB)is
C)are
D)will
2
No site de relacionamento do twitter, aparece frequentemente a seguinte frase:
Discover whats happening right now, anywhere in the world. Podemos afirmar que
estafraseestno:
a.
Simple present
b) Simple future
c) Simple past
d) Present
continuous
1.
4
Nafrase:Didntyoufindthepeopleyouwerelookingfor?,podemosafirmarque:
Estnofuturesimples,pelapresenadoverboTOBE(were)
b. Est no passado simples, pela presena do auxiliar DID e do verbo to be no
passado.
c. Encontrasenopresentecontnuo,pelousodoINGnoverboLOOK.
d. Estnopresentesimples,poisoverboTOBEsefazpresentenafrase.
a.
5.
Sobreostemposverbaisemingls,podemosafirmarasseguintesassertivas:
I) Ofuturosimplesumaformaverbalcomumenteutilizadaparaexpressareventos
que ainda no aconteceram, estando estes situados depois do ato de fala, ou da
escrita. O futuro simples em ingls construdopeloverbomodalouauxiliar
DID,
ou pelo menos comum
WILL ou SHALL, seguidodoverboprincipalnoinfinitivo,
semto.
II) O presente simples uma forma verbal comumente utilizada para expressar
eventos que ainda noaconteceram,estandoestessituadosdepoisdoatodefala,ou
da escrita. Para fazermosperguntasnopresentesimples,devemosutilizar o DIDou
oDOESnoinciodapergunta.
III) O presente simples uma forma verbal comumente utilizada para expressar
eventos acontecem com certa frequncia. Para fazermos perguntas no presente
simples,geralmenteutilizamosoauxiliarDOouDOESnoinciodasmesmas.
IV) O presente contnuo formado pelo verbo auxiliar WILL + verbo principal
comoING(queequivalenoportugusaoando,endo,indo).
Podemosdepreenderasseguintesassertivas:
ApenasIeIIestocorretas.
b. ApenasIeIIIestocorretas.
c. ApenasaIIIestcorreta.
d. ApenasIeIVestocorreta.
a.
6.
Aconstruodafrase:Willyouaskthemtobequiet?,estcorreta?
7.
Opresentecontnuo:
8.
Estnopassadosimplesaseguintefrase:
a)SheisteachingPortuguesenow.
b)Afewyearsagotheinternetdidn'texist.
c)Iwillgotoworkinthatcomputershop.
b)Weshallbuythatnetbook.
9
Sobreosverbosirregulares,podemosafirmarque:
so aqueles verbos que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e
do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do Past Participle, de acordo
com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se d atravs do
sufixo ED. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser
classificadodeirregular.
b. SotodososverbosquerecebemED,nopassado.
c. SoverbosquesempredevemserusadoscomoING.
d. Soaquelesverbosconhecidosemlnguainglesacomoverbosauxiliares.
a.
1.
Qualaalternativacorretaconsiderandoque:
TODAYISTUESDAY,NOVEMBER,2001
a)ThedaybeforeyesterdaywasMonday.
b)Theyearafternextis2002.
c)ThedayaftertomorrowisThursday.
d)ThemonthafternextisOctober.
11
Qualasentenaincorretaquantoaousodotempoverbal?
TheylivedinSalvadorin1999.
b. JanewatchesTVyesterdayafternoon.
c. Georgealwaysplayscomputergamesintheafternoon.
d. Gandhidiedin1948.
a.
12
QualperguntarespostaestcorretaquantoaousodoSimplePast?
a)Theweatherwasgood?Yes,itwasn't
b)Wastheweathergood?Yes,itwas
c)Didtheweatherwasgood?Yes,itdid
d)Didwastheweathergood?Yes,itwas
13
Emrelaoaopassadosimples,estcorretaaseguintefrase:
a.
Myfatherdidn'tcelebratehisbirthdaylastSaturday.
b)DidRichardplayvolleyballtomorrow?
c)DidhelivedinViena?Yes,hedidlived.
d)IdidlivedinNewYork.
14
Pautandose nos conhecimentos gramaticais sobreopresentecontnuo,estincorretaa
seguinteassertiva:
a.
You'renotgoingtostayinMexico.
b.
AreyoustudyingEnglishthisafternoon?
c.
She'sgoingtoLondonin2003.
d.
Istudyinginthemorning.
Prepositions
Commonlyused
prepositions
Aboard
abordo,dentro
From
deonde
About
sobre
In
em
Above
acimade
Inside
dentro
Across
atravsde
Into
em,dentro
After
depois
Like
como
Against
contra
Near
perto
Along
aolongo
Of
de
Among
entre
Off
pertode,fora
de
Around
aoredorde
On
sobre,em
At
em,por,para
Out
parafora
Before
antes
Over
sobre
Behind
atrs
Past
depoisde
Below
abaixo
Since
desde
Beneath
abaixo
Through
atravsde
Beside
aolado
Throughout
emtoda
parte
Besides
almde
Till
at
Between
entre
To
para
Beyond
almde
Toward
emdireoa
But
(meaning
except)
exceto
Under
abaixo
By
por
Until
at
Concerning
relativoa
Up
paracima
Down
atravsde,em
baixode
Upon
sobre
During
durante
With
com
Except
exceto
Within
em,dentro
de
For
por,emvezde
Without
sem,forade
He
mad
e his
esca
pe
by
jum
ping
____
__ a
wind
ow
and
jum
ping
____
__ a
waiti
ng
car.
over / into
between / into
out of / between
out of / into
up to / out of
To
get
to
the
Mar
ketin
g
depa
rtme
nt,
you
have
to go
____
__
thos
e
stair
s
and
then
____
__
the
corri
dor
to
the
end.
over / into
between / into
out of / between
out of / into
up / along
I saw
som
ethi
ng
abou
t it
____
__
telev
ision
.
In
On
At
Through
With
I
coul
dn't
get
in
____
__
the
door
so I
had
to
clim
b
____
__ a
wind
ow.
through / in
between / into
out of / between
out of / into
up / along
She
took
the
key
____
__
her
pock
et
and
put
it
____
____
the
lock.
over / into
between / into
out of / in
by / on
up to / out of
He
drov
e
____
__
me
with
out
stop
ping
and
drov
e off
____
__
the
cent
re of
tow
n.
from / into
towards / over
along / up
past / towards
in / next to
I
took
the
old
card
____
__
the
com
pute
r
and
put
____
__
the
new
one.
through / in
out of / in
out of / between
out of / into
up / along
I
went
____
__
him
and
aske
d
him
the
best
way
to
get
____
__
tow
n.
from / into
towards / over
along / up
by / on
up to / out of
It's
unlu
cky
to
walk
____
__ a
ladd
er in
my
cultu
re. I
alwa
ys
walk
____
__
the
m.
through / in
out of / in
under / around
out of / into
up / along
10 The
resta
uran
t is
____
__
the
High
Stre
et,
____
__
the
cine
ma.
through / in
out of / in
under / around
in / next to
up / along
11 Sally
left
scho
ol
____
__
the
age
of 16
and
went
to
work
____
__ a
bank
.
through / in
out of / in
under / around
in / next to
at / in
12 He
jum
ped
____
__
the
wall
and
____
__
the
gard
en.
over / into
towards / over
along / up
by / on
up to / out of
13 He
was
drivi
ng
____
__
180
mile
s per
hour
whe
n he
cras
hed
____
__
the
cent
ral
barri
er.
at / into
out of / in
under / around
in / next to
at / in
14 She
ran
____
__
the
corri
dor
and
____
__
the
stair
s to
the
seco
nd
floor
.
from / into
towards / over
along / up
by / on
in / next to
15 John
is
the
pers
on
stan
ding
____
__
the
wind
ow,
____
__
the
wom
an
with
the
long
blon
de
hair.
at / into
beside / next to
under / around
in / next to
at / in
16 Whe
n
the
bull
ran
____
__
me, I
jum
ped
____
__
the
fenc
e.
from / into
towards / over
beside / next to
by / on
in / next to
17 Look
,
that
car's
____
__
fire.
through
with
in
into
on
18 He
saw
a
parki
ng
spac
e
____
__
two
cars
and
drov
e
____
__ it.
over / into
between / into
along / up
by / on
up to / out of
19 Harr
y
com
es to
work
____
__
car
but I
pref
er to
com
e
____
__
foot.
at / into
beside / next to
by / on
in / next to
at / in
20 He
took
the
book
____
__
the
shelf
and
put
it
____
__
his
bag.
from / into
at / into
beside / next to
by / on
in / next to
PALAVRASINTERROGATIVASINTERROGATIVEWORDS
Howold...
(Quantosanos)
usadoparaperguntaraidade
Ex.:Howoldareyou?
Howmuch...
(Quanto)
usadoparaperguntaraquantidadeemgeraldecoisasincontveisepreo.
Ex.:Howmuchtime?
Howmany...
(Quantos)
usadoparaperguntaraquantidadeemgeraldecoisascontveis.
Ex.:Howmanyblouses?
Who...
(Quem)
usadoparaperguntarsobrealgumapessoa.
Ex.:Whowantsapaper?/Whoisthatwoman?
Comopronomesujeitowho,aperguntadireta.Dispensamosoempregodoauxiliar
do(do,does,did)
What...
(Oque?)
Oque,qual,usadotambmparaperguntarprofissooucargo.
Whatnodenotaescolha,podendoserumaperguntadesentidoamplo.
Ex.:Whatistheproblem?/Whatishe?
Where
...(Aonde?)
usadoparaperguntarsobrelugares.
Ex.:Wheredoyoustudy?
Why...
(Porque)
Usamosapalavrawhyemperguntaseapalavrabecauseemrespostas.
Ex.:Whyareyousad?
Becausemymotherwenttoliveinanothercity.
Howoften
...(Quantasvezes,Comquefrequncia)
Ex.:Howoftendoyougotothemovies?(Comquefrequnciavocvaiaocinema?)
Which...
(Qual?)
Opronomewichdenotaescolha,usadoparaperguntasdesentidorestrito.
Ex.:Ihavetwocars.Whichdoyouprefer?
Howlong
...(Quantomede?)
Ex.:Howlongisthetable?It's5feetlong.
Howfar
...(Quantadistncia?)
Ex.:Howfaristhetown?It's2milesfromhere.
Howwide
...(Qualotamanho?)
Ex.:Howwideistheland?It's30yardswide.
Howtall
...(Qualaaltura?)
Ex.:Howtallisthebuilding?It's150feettall
Howthich
...(Qualalargura?)
Ex.:Howthickisthewall?It's1inchesthick.
Wherefrom
...(refereseorigemdaspessoasedascoisas.)
Ex.:Wherearetheyfrom?
When
...(referesepocaemqueascoisasacontecem)
Ex.:Whenisyourbirthday?
Whatcolor
...(referesecordascoisas)
Ex.:Whatcoloristhatcar?
Whattime...(
refereseshorasrelgio)
Ex.:Whattimeisyourlesson?
Whatabout...(
expressousada,depoisdedarumainformao,paraperguntaramesma
coisasobreoutrapessoaouobjeto)
Ex.:Mycarisold.Whataboutyourcar?
Note:
Weights(Peso/Kg)
Paraseperguntaropesodecoisas,animaisoupessoas.
Ex.:Howmuchdoesitweigh?(Quantoistopesa?)Itweighs3ounces.
7.
________
are you looking for? I'm looking for
my glasses again!
8.
___________
gave you that book for your
birthday ? My parents did.
9.
__________
is this ? It's Mike's.
10.
__________
theatre in town do you mean ?
The older one ? (of the two).
11.
__________
of these four dresses do you like
best ? The white one.
12.
__________
do you come from? I come from
Caen.
13.
___________
of these coats is yours ? The blue
one.
14.
___________
lives in this big house? My
nephew does.
PhrasalVerb
O
Phrasal Verb
um verbo que tem seu sentido/traduo
alterado em razo do acrscimo deuma preposioou de uma
partculaadverbialaele.
Soexemplosde
PhrasalVerbs
:
Verbo
Phrasal verbs
To blow up
explodir
To blow
Last night two men blew up our house
.
soprar
(Ontem noite dois homens explodiram
nossa casa).
To break up
terminar um
relacionamento.
To break -
quebrar
Bob broke up with Mary
. (Bob terminou
com a Mary).
To c
all
chamar,
ligar
To call off
cancelar
The boss called off the meeting
. (O chefe
cancelou a reunio).
To check in
registrar-se
To check
To find out
descobrir
When I saw that handsome boy in front of
To pass away
falecer
My grandfather passed away one month
ago
. (Meu av faleceu h um ms).
levantar.
To stand
- To stand up
tolerar
Stand up, please
. (Levante-se, por favor).
To take off
decolar
To take
(O avio est
levar, pegar The plane is taking off.
decolando).
To try
tentar
To try on
experimentar
I want to try on this skirt and this blouse
.
(Eu quero experimentar esta saia e esta
blusa).
To throw up
vomitar
To throw
Jack is throwing up for hours. I think its
jogar, atirar because he drank so much at the party
yesterday
. (Jack est vomitando h horas.
algo.
Eu acho que porque ele bebeu muito na
festa ontem).
ExercciosInglsPhrasalVerbs
1) Complete with the correct phrasal
verbs:
d) I think I'll put _______ (up with / on) this skirt for the party.
f) She looks down on me but her folks don't even brush their teeth.
ACRONYM WORDS
ADSL AsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine(ADSL)umformatode
DSL
,
uma tecnologia de comunicao de dadosque permiteumatransmisso
de dados mais rpida atravs de linhas de
telefone do que um
modem
convencionalpodeoferecer.
AJAX (
Acrnimo em
lngua inglesa de Asynchronous Javascript And
API ApplicationProgrammingInterface(ouInterfacedeProgramaode
Aplicaes) um conjunto de
rotinas e padres estabelecidos por um
software para a utilizao das suas funcionalidades por programas
aplicativos que no querem envolverse em detalhes da
implementao
do software, mas apenas usar seus servios.
De modo geral, a API
composta por uma srie de funes acessveis somente por
programao
, e que permitem utilizar caractersticas do software menos
evidentesaoutilizadortradicional
software
, que permite a ligao (conexo) via telefone a um sistema
atravsdoseucomputadore interagircomele,talcomohojesefazcoma
internet
.
BIOS em
computao
, Basic Input/Output System (Sistema Bsico de
sistemaoperacional.
CGI um
acrnimo para a expresso
inglesa Common Gateway
Interface.Consistenumaimportantetecnologiaque permitegerarpginas
dinmicas, permitindo a um
navegador passar parmetros para um
programaalojadonum
servidor
web
. Assim,designamseporscriptsCGI
os pequenos
programas que interpretam esses parmetros e geram a
pginadepoisdeosprocessar.
metalxido
complementar. um tipo de tecnologia empregada na fabricao de
circuitos integrados onde se incluem elementos de
lgica digital (portas
lgicas,
flipflops,
contadores,
decodificadores,
etc.),
microprocessadores
,
microcontroladores
,
memrias RAM
, etc.
Geralmente so usadas em chips digitais e memrias que armazenam
informaesdeconfiguraodocomputador.
DPI Pontos por polegada (PPP), em ingls Dots Per Inch (DPI), uma
medida de densidade relacionada composio de imagens, que
expressa o nmero de pontosindividuais queexistem emuma
polegada
linearnasuperfcieondeaimagemapresentada.
FAQ um
acrnimoda expresso
inglesaFrequentlyAskedQuestions,
GUI (abreviadamente, o
acrnimo GUI, do
ingls Graphical User
Interface) umtipo de
interfacedoutilizadorquepermite a
interaocom
dispositivos digitais atravs de elementos grficos como coneseoutros
indicadoresvisuais,emcontrastea
interfacedelinhadecomando
.
HTML(acrnimoparaa
expressoinglesaHyperTextMarkupLanguage,
que significa Linguagemde Marcao deHipertexto) uma
linguagemde
marcao
utilizadaparaproduzir
pginasnaWeb
.
IRC
Internet RelayChat(IRC)umsistemadecomunicaoutilizadona
Internet
. Ele utilizado basicamente como batepapo (
chat
) e troca de
arquivos,permitindoaconversaemgrupoouprivada.
NET
emingls,rede.Otermousadocomosinnimoparainternet.
NFS (
acrnimo para Network File System) um
sistema de arquivos
distribudosdesenvolvidoinicialmente pela
Sun Microsystems
,Inc.,afim
decompartilhararquivos e diretriosentrecomputadoresconectadosem
rede,formandoassimumdiretriovirtual.
NOC
significa Network Operation Center (centro de operao de
rede
,
em ingls). Pordefinio um local ondesecentralizaagernciadeuma
redede comunicao, seja elapblicaou privada. Apartirdessecentroe
de programas de
computador que monitoram a rede os operadores
podemsaber,emtemporeal,asituaodecada"ator"dentrodarede.
PC
PersonalComputer(ComputadorPessoal).
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect
Barramento deInterconexo
de Componentes Perifricos) um
barramento de computador para
conectar
dispositivosdehardware
deum
computador
.
PGP PrettyGoodPrivacy(PrivacidadeMuitoBoa)uma
criptografiade
dados e decodificao
programa de computadorque fornece
criptografia
de privacidade e
autenticao para comunicao de dados.PGP isoften
used for signing, encrypting and decrypting emails to increase the
security of email communications. PGP frequentemente usada para
assinar, criptografar e descriptografaremailsparaaumentar asegurana
dascomunicaesdeemails.
PHP (um
acrnimo recursivo para "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
RFC um
acrnimo para o
ingls Request for Comments (Pedido de
SCSI
(pronunciase"sczi"),sigla deSmall Computer SystemInterface
( Interface de Sistema de Computadores de Pequeno Porte), uma
tecnologia que permite ao usurio conectar uma larga gama de
perifricos
, tais como
discos rgidos
, unidades CDROM,
impressoras e
scanners
.Caractersticas fsicas e eltricas deumainterfacedeentradae
sada (E/S) projetadas para se conectarem e se comunicarem com
dispositivosperifricossodefinidaspeloSCSI.
TCP (
acrnimopara o
inglsTransmissionControlProtocolPprotocolo
deControle de Transmisso) umdos
protocolossobosquaisassentao
ncleo da
Internet
. A versatilidade e robustez deste protocolo tornouo
adequado a redes globais,j que este verifica se os dados soenviados
deformacorreta,nasequnciaapropriadaesemerros,pela
rede
.
om , or C
OM, asdomainnames
are not
casesensitive . Por exemplo, no nome de domnio
www.example.com,
odomniodenvelsuperior
COM.
URL (UniformResourceLocator),emportugus:LocalizadorPadrode
Recursos, oendereodeumrecurso(um
arquivo
,uma
impressoraetc.),
disponvel em uma rede seja a
Internet
, ou uma rede corporativa, uma
intranet
.
Uma
URL
tem
a
seguinte
estrutura:
protocolo://mquina/caminho/recurso
USB UniversalSerialBus(PortadeComunicaoSerialUniversal)um
tipo de conexo"
ligareusar
"quepermiteaconexode
perifricossema
necessidadededesligaro
computador
.
WANWide AreaNetwork(RededereaAmpla)Umarededereaampla
(
WAN)umgeograficamentedispersosdetelecomunicaes
derede.O
termo distingue uma estrutura mais ampla de telecomunicaes deuma
redederealocal(LAN).
documentosem
hipermdia
quesointerligadoseexecutadosna
Internet
.
XHTML ou eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language ( Linguagem de
Marcao de HipertextoExtensvel) umareformulao da
linguagem de
marcao
HTML
, baseada em
XML
. Combina as
tags demarcao HTML
com regras da XML. Este processo de padronizao tem em vista a
exibio de pginas
Web em diversos dispositivos (
televiso
,
palm
,
celular
, etc). Sua inteno melhorar a
acessibilidade informao
publicada.
XML(eXtensible Markup Language Linguagemde Marcao Extensvel)
uma linguagem criada especialmente para o armazenamentode dados
de forma organizada e hierrquica. atualmente bastante utilizada como
formato para transmisso de dados entre diferentes servidores e
protocolos.
Adaptadode:
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site
EstratgiasdeLeitura
AolerumdeterminadotextoemIngls,necessrio,afimdecompreendlo,utilizar
asvriasferramentasdisponveis.Soelas:
ABILITIESANDOTHERFACILITATORS(Habilidadeseoutros
Facilitadores)
1)PREDICTION(Predio)
Temosignificadoeoobjetivodeinferirocontedodeumtextoatravsdeseu
conhecimentoprviosobreotema(background)atravsdocontextosemntico
(palavrasdeummesmogrupo,porexemplo:hospital,nurse,doctor,ambulance),
contextolingstico(pistasgramaticais)contextonolingustico(gravuras,
grficos,tabelas,nmeros,etc).conhecimentosobreaestruturadotexto(layout,
ttulo,subttulo,divisodepargrafos,etc).
2)COGNATES(Cognatos)
Sopalavrasdeorigemgregaoulatinabemparecidascomasdoportugus.Ex:
differentdiferenteinfectioninfeco.
obs:AtenocomosFALSOSCOGNATOS!
Exemplo:
pretend
nosignifica
pretender
,massim
fingir
.importanteobservar
seapalavraseencaixanocontexto.
FALSOSCOGNATOSMAISCOMUNS:
1)ActuallyNaverdade,ofatoque...
AtualmenteNowadays,Today.
2)Adeptespecialista
Adeptosupporter.
3)Appointmenthoramarcada,compromissoprofissional
Apontamentonote.
4)Appreciationgratido,reconhecimento
Apreciaojudgement.
5)Collegefaculdade
Colgiohighschool.
6)Comprehensiveabrangente,extenso
Compreensivounderstanding.
7)Datadados(nmeros)
Datadate.
8)Exitsada
xitosuccess.
9)Officeescritrio
Oficialofficial.
10)Strangerdesconhecido
Estrangeiroforeigner.
3)REPEATEDWORDS(Palavrasrepetidas)
Seumapalavraaparecevriasvezesnotexto,istosignificaqueelaimportantepara
acompreensodomesmo.
4)TYPOGRAPHICALEVIDENCES(Evidnciastipogrficas)
Sosmbolos,letrasmaisculas,negrito,itlico,enfim,dicasteissobreotexto.
5)DICTIONARY(Dicionrio)
Odicionriosdeveserutilizadoemltimocasoparasedescobrirosignificadode
umapalavraouexpressodesconhecida.Arazodissoofatodeaprocurapor
significadosnodicionriotornaraleituralentademais,podendodesanimaroleitor.
STRATEGIES(Estratgias)
1)SKIMMING:
Consistenumaleiturarpidaparaterseumaidiacentraldotexto.
2)SCANNING:
Consistenumaleituracomoobjetivodeencontraralgumas
informaesespecficasnotexto.
3)SELECTIVITY:
Consistenumaleituraseletiva,isto,feitacomafinalidadede
selecionarostrechosondesequerencontrarumadeterminadainformao
(pargrafos,porexemplo).
4)EXTENSIVEREADING(Leituradaextenso):
Consistenumaleitura
queprocuraoentendimentoglobaldotextoeenvolvefluncia
5)INTENSIVEREADING(leituraintensiva):
Consistenaformadeleitura
quefazemosquandolemosumtextoafimdeextrairdeledetalhesespecficos.
Text 1
LeiaoTextoAbaixopararesponderasperguntasqueseguem:
SearchEngineMath
Comelearnhowtoeasilyadd,subtractandmultiplyyourwayintobettersearchesat
yourfavoritesearchengine.Theinformationbelowworksfornearlyallofthemajor
searchengines.
BeSpecific
Beforelearningmath,itsahelpfulreminderthatthemorespecificyoursearchis,the
morelikelyyouwillfindwhatyouwant.Dontbeafraidtotellasearchengineexactly
whatyouarelookingfor.
Forexample,ifyouwantinformationaboutWindows98bugs,searchforWindows98
bugs,notWindows.Orevenbetter,searchforexactlywhattheproblemis:Icant
installaUSBdeviceinWindows98,forexample.Youllbesurprisedathowoftenthis
works.
UsingThe+SymboltoAdd
Sometimes,youwanttomakesurethatasearchenginefindspagesthathaveallthe
wordsyouenter,notjustsomeofthem.The+Symbolletsyoudothis.
Forexample,imagineyouwanttofindpagesthathavereferencestoWindows98
bugs.Youcouldsearchthisway:
+windows+98+bugs
Onlypagesthatcontainallthreeofthewordswouldappearinyourresults.
UsingTheSymboltoSubtract
Sometimes,youwantasearchenginetofindpagesthathaveonewordonthembut
notanotherword.Thesymbolletsyoudothis.
Forexample,imagineyouwantinformationaboutWindows95butdontwanttobe
overwhelmedbypagesrelatingtoWindows98orWindows3.1.youcouldsearchthis
way:
windows983.1
Ingeneral,thesymbolishelpfulforfocusingresultswhenyougettoomanythatare
unrelatedtoyourtopic.Simplybeginsubtractingtermsyouknowarenotofinterest,
andyoushouldgetbetterresults.
UsingQuotationMarksToMultiply
Nowthatyouknowhowtoaddandsubtractterms,wecanmoveontomultiplication.
Asinnormalmath,multiplyingtermsthroughaphrasesearchcanbeamuchbetter
waytogettheanswersyouarelookingfor.
Forexample,rememberabovewhenwewantedpagesaboutwindows98bugs?We
enteredallthetermslikethis:
+windows+98+bugs
Thatbringsbackpagesthathaveallthosewordsonthem,buttheresnoguarantee
thatthewordsmaynecessarilybeneareachother.Doingaphrasesearchavoidsthis
problem.Thisiswhereyoutellasearchenginetogiveyoupageswheretheterms
appearinexactlytheorderyouspecify.Youdothisbyputtingquotationmarksaround
thephrase,likethis:
windows98bugs
CombiningSymbols
Onceyouvemasteredadding,subtractingandmultiplying,youcancombinesymbols
toeasilycreatetargetedsearches.
Forexample,
windows98bugswindows95windows3.1
nowyouarereadytousemathtogetbetterresultsinyoursearch.GoodLuck!!!!
Source:Adaptedfrom
www.searchenginewatch.com/
ReadingStrategies
1)Utilizandoaestratgiaskimming,faaumaleiturarpidadotextoe
responda:
a)Qualoobjetivodestetexto?
b)Quantossmbolosmatemticosforamcitadosnotexto?
2)Utilizandoaestratgiascanning,responda:
a)Qualautilidadedosmbolo+aopesquisarnaInternet?
b)Quandodevemosutilizarosinalde?
c)Quandodevemosutilizaraspas()
d)Qualoobjetivodesecombinarvriossmbolosemumamesmapesquisa?
3)Leiaotextocomatenonovamenteefaaoseguinteexerccio:
a)EncontrenosegundopargrafoBeSpecificumverboquepossaserumsinnimo
desearchfor.
b)Encontrenoterceiropargrafoumverboquesignifiquepermitir!.
c)Encontrenoterceiropargrafoumverboquesejaantnimodelookfor.
d)Encontrenoquintopargrafoumverboquesignifiqueevitar.
4)Observeoquartopargrafonovamente:
a)Reescrevaumafraseemqueoatorexpressaumapossibilidade:
b)Reescrevaumafraseemqueoautorexpressaumaprobabilidade:
5)Observeasentenaabaixo:
Sometimes,youwantasearchenginetofindpagesthathaveonewordon
them
but
notanotherword.
Qualarefernciacontextualdopronome
them
?
BRASLIA, Sept. 21 In recent months the political climate in Brazil has been a boiling caldron
for Luiz Incio
Lula da Silva, the countrys president.
The second deadly airplane crash in 10 months set off a crisis in Brazils aviation industry in
July, with many critics
saying government inaction was at the root of the problem.
Last month, the countrys Supreme Court ordered seven members of the presidents political
party and 33 others to
stand trial on corruption charges in a scandal that has netted some of his closest advisers,
including his former chief of
staff.
But as Mr. da Silva, now in his second term, sat down for a 75-minute interview here in the
presidential palace, those
worries hardly seemed to faze him. He was nothing but upbeat, and with good reason.
Despite the controversies, Mr. da Silvas approval rating hovers above 60 percent. Brazil, Latin
Americas largest
economy, has grown by 3.5 percent a year, slower than China and India but a marked
improvement over the 1990s.
Debt levels and unemployment are down. Reserves are up. Inflation is one-third what it was five
years ago.
We are experiencing an auspicious moment in Brazil right now, Mr. da Silva, 61, said in his
first extended
discussion with an American journalist since 2004. Brazil is experiencing its best economic
period.
That boom combined with his broad popularity among Brazils working class has provided Mr.
da Silva, a former
metal worker with a sixth-grade education who worked in an auto plant, with remarkable
political resilience.
He is the Teflon president, said David Fleischer, a political analyst here and an emeritus
professor at the University
of Braslia. Nothing sticks to Lula.
That includes the scandals that by now could have debilitated another presidency. But Mr. da
Silva continued to deny
knowing anything about the most recent one, in which members of the governing party are
accused of paying
congressional deputies more than $10,000 a month to vote for favored legislation.
He refused to say if anyone in particular had betrayed him. There are hundreds of employees
around me that I dont
have any idea what they are doing, Mr. da Silva said.
One of them, apparently, was his former chief of staff, Jos Dirceu, whom many consider the
architect of Mr. da
Silvas rise to power, and who has been charged with being the mastermind of the vote-buying
scheme.
I dont believe that there is any evidence that Mr. Dirceu committed the crime that he is being
charged with, the
president said. He will be judged.
Fresh from a trip to Europe, where he stirred interest in Brazils sugar-based ethanol fuel and
won billions of dollars in
do sculo XX?
Parteinferiordoformulrio