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APRESENTAO
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
COURSE OBJECTIVES
OBJETIVOS DO CURSO
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AULA DEMONSTRATIVA
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
Or so the textbooks have it. In the past, a falling dollar has indeed
reduced Americas imports. In the1980s, the last time America had such a
40 large current-account deficit relative to GDP, an agreement to let the
dollar depreciate helped to reduce Americas consumption of Japanese
cars and Swiss watches.
But there is reason to think that these days currency movements are
not as effective as they once were in bringing economies into balance. A
45 recent report of an investment bank doubts that a sliding dollar will do
much to eliminate Americas trade and current-account imbalances.
In an increasingly integrated global economy, companies pricing power
has been eroded around the world. In addition low inflation has made
price increases more obvious. So it is more difficult for a European car
50 company, say, to raise its prices in America in response to a stronger
euro. According to a study cited in the report, the ability to pass on the
effects of a stronger currency has been waning in recent years. (The
Economist, Dec 6, 2003) [CESGRANRIO / BNDES / CONTADOR/2004]
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
e) was the result of an agreement between car makers and the U.S.
government.
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
4. Mark the option that best reflects the rhetorical structure of the last
paragraph of the text.
a) Cause and effect.
b) Time sequence.
c) Definition and exemplification.
d) Listing and classification.
e) Problem-solution.
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
3. C - No pargrafo 6 o autor afirma que nos anos 80 foi a ltima vez que
os EUA tiveram um dficit to grande em relao ao seu PIB. Na (a) l-
se: embora seja difcil prever o preo futuro de uma moeda, pode-se
prever com segurana que o dlar em breve ir cair em relao a outras
moedas; na (b), empresas europias podem se beneficiar de um euro
mais forte, j que suas exportaes custaro mais do que as dos EUA; na
(d), os funcionrios de empresas europias no podem passar suas frias
na Flrida porque a viagem toda muito cara para eles; na (e), o
relatrio mencionado insiste que uma desvalorizao do dlar equilibrar
a economia dos EUA.
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
DISCOURSE MARKERS
And (L-7) introduces an idea of addition. Check the option in which the
idea introduced by the word in the first column is correctly stated
a) So (L-18) opposition
b) thus (L-36) - consequence
c) Even (L-30) - conclusion
d) But (L-13) - condition
e) Since (L-4) - improving
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
DISCOURSE MARKERS
Marcadores do Discurso
Indicando exemplificao
FOR EXAMPLE, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words,
in particular, namely, particularly, specifically, such as, that is.
Indicando nfase
INDEED, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
VOCABULARY BUILD UP
The fragment "Tax cuts, spending on the war in Iraq and (...) are
dragging the governments books into disarray." (L-21 / 23)
suggests that such books will soon be:
a) under control.
b) under severe investigation.
c) fully inaccurate.
d) in a state of disorder.
e) absolutely useess.
In this text fragment, the euro areas economies are on the mend, the
underlined phrase in bold means that they are:
a) in trouble.
b) stagnant.
c) perfectly healthy.
d) getting worse.
e) improving.
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
PHRASAL VERBS
Mark the sentence that could also be completed with ON, as in "to pass
on me effects" (L-47)
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
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GRAMMAR - REFERENCE
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
GRAMMAR - COMPARATIVES
Check the only item that DOES NOT contain an adjective in the
comparative form.
a) "It may seem curious that the dollar is falling when America is
enjoying a remarkable burst of growth and Europe looks far less lively."
b) The dollar used to be buoyant because investors expected to make
more dollar assets than from those denominated in other currencies."
c) "A rise in the euro against the dollar causes exports from European
firms to become more expensive relative to American ones."
d) "Similarly, American firms' products become relatively cheaper, both
for Americans and for foreign buyers."
e) "But there is reason to think that these days currency movements are
not as effective as they once were in bringing economies into balance."
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
Modal verbs such as can, could, shall, should, ought to, must,
may might, so verbos que emprestam nuances de sentido ao verbo
principal ao qual esto acoplados. Merecem um estudo detalhado de sua
parte. Faremos alguns exerccios e exploraes em textos com esses
verbos.
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
Check the option which DOES NOT have a verb in the passive voice:
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
Try it. Its fifty-fifty, Voc tem sempre 50% de chances de acertar!
PICTURE TEST
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
With the current global crisis lots of people had to tighten their belts as
they had to live with less money than usual.
Com a crise global de hoje, muitas pessoas tiveram que apertar seus
cintos, j que foram obrigados a viver com menos do que o habitual.
If you hear somebody say that Mr. X is loaded, that means he has a lot
of money; hes extremely rich.
Se voc ouvir algum dizer que o Sr. X estribado, isto quer dizer que
ele tem muito dinheiro, extremamente rico.
Who does not have a friend who dreams of making a fast buck, that is,
get a lot of money fast and dishonestly?
Quem no tem um amigo que sonha em fazer fortuna a jato, isto ,
ganhar um monte de dinheiro rpida e desonestamente.
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
EXERCISES
4. Weve made the third room _______ a little study for me.
________________________________________________________
5. When the lecture finished all the students made _____ the door of the
auditorium.
________________________________________________________
II. Write the PAST FORMS of the verbs in bold and then translate
the sentences.
3. Donald _________ the request and Mr. King accepted it. (MAKE)
________________________________________________________
5. You mean to say that their meeting was _________ in such a tiny
room? (HOLD)
________________________________________________________
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
3. The hurricane destroyed many dwellings. It will take time to repair the
________________ buildings. [DAMAGE]
__________________________________________________________
1. The flight attendant told the passengers not to leave their (personal /
personnel) belongings on the plane seats.
________________________________________________________
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
5. How come you dont know what to do? Wheres the (sensitive /
sensible) girl who always knows which decision to make?
________________________________________________________
10. If you dont (enlarge / magnify) these copies your scanner wont
be able to read them.
________________________________________________________
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
1. Audrey said she wont throw her money around this time.
_________________________________________________________
3. Ken tries to keep track of all the money he spends every month.
_________________________________________________________
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
ANSWERS / EXERCISES
II IRREGULAR VERBS
1. (BUILT) A democracia verdadeira deve ser alicerada na
transparncia.
2. (KNEW) Ningum sabia por que a Ellen deixara seu emprego.
3. (MADE) O Donald fez o pedido e o Sr. King o acatou.
4. (MET) A diretoria se reuniu nesta sala na semana passada.
5. (HELD) Voc quer dizer que a reunio deles se realizou nesta sala
minscula?
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INGLS P/ BACEN
PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
1. The flight attendant told the passengers not to leave their personal
belongings on the plane seats.
A aeromoa avisou aos passageiros para no deixarem seus objetos
pessoais nos assentos.
2. Tune in to channel 39; theyre showing the soccer game live from
Maracan.
Sintonize no canal 39, eles esto transmitindo o jogo de futebol ao vivo
do Maracan.
3. Doris has always been very keen on classical music.
Doris sempre foi ligada em msica clssica.
4. What the doctor said to us can be construed in a variety of ways.
O que o mdico nos disse pode ser entendido de diversas formas.
5. How come you dont know what to do? Wheres the sensible girl who
always knows which decision to make?
Como voc no sabe o que fazer? Onde est a garota sensata que sempre
sabe qual deciso tomar?
6. I understood it; there is not a shadow of a doubt.
Eu compreendi isto; no h nem sombra de dvida.
7. Sandy got married to a notorious drug trafficker.
Sandy casou-se com um conhecido traficante de drogas.
8. By eating only healthful food and exercising regularly youll get into
shape.
Comendo s comida saudvel e se exercitando regularmente voc entrar
em forma.
9. Are you going to wear a costume at Carnival?
Voc vai usar uma fantasia no Carnaval?
10. If you dont enlarge these copies your scanner wont be able to read
them.
Se voc no ampliar estas cpias seu scanner no conseguir l-las.
V. MONEY
1. Audrey said she wont throw her money around this time.
Expresso coloquial: quer dizer: gastar dinheiro de forma
descuidada com coisas suprfluas.
3. Ken tries to keep track of all the money he spends every month.
Esta expresso quer dizer controlar, manter um registro de tudo aquilo
que se gasta.
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USEFUL TIPS
O texto FADED GREEN, que analisamos nesta aula, bem poderia ter
cado numa prova do BACEN. pleno de termos do economs e permite a
voc organizar o seu vocabulrio tcnico. Somente o vocabulrio que voc
vincula a um texto significativo, familiar a voc, permite consolidar o
conhecimento de palavras e expresses como: exchange markets (=
mercados de cmbio); the single currency (= moeda nica); GDP-
Gross Domestic Product (= Produto Interno Bruto); grow at an
annual rate (= crescer a uma taxa anual); assets (= ativos); federal
budget (= oramento federal); exports (= exportaes); imports (=
importaes); inflation (= inflao); price increases (= aumentos de
preos), apenas para escolher algumas. A tarefa de building-up your
vocabulary rdua, eu sei. Mas com disciplina e mtodo voc
conseguir sucesso. Keep on studying. Never give up!
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PROFESSOR: CARLOS AUGUSTO
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