9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN

L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

#&8#0%'&6'%*01.1)+'5(144'/18#.1(0+641)'0(41/
#0+/#./#074'':2'4+'0%'51(6*'75&#
#)4+%7.674#.4'5'#4%*5'48+%'

4'/11&'0+641)'0+1&'&','615&'#0+/#+5L
':2'4+'0%+#&1#)4+%7.674#.4'5'#4%*5'48+%'

#4575&#L'7#

/CVKCU$8CPQVVKCPF#TKGN#5\QIK
75&##ITKEWNVWTCN4GUGCTEJ5GTXKEG%QCUVCN2NCKPU4GUGCTEJ%GPVGT
9.WECU5V(NQTGPEG5QWVJ%CTQNKPC75#
GOCKN8CPQVVK"HNQTGPEGCTUWUFCIQX

+PVTQFWEVKQP

7VKNK\CVKQP QH PWVTKGPVU KP OCPWTGU KP CP GPXKTQPOGPVCNN[ UWUVCKPCDNG

OCPPGT KU QPG QH VJG ETKVKECN OCPCIGOGPV KUUWGU HCEKPI VJG 75 NKXGUVQEM
KPFWUVT[1XGTOKNNKQPVQPUQHNKXGUVQEMOCPWTGCTGIGPGTCVGF CPPWCNN[
EQPVCKPKPI  OKNNKQP RQWPFU QH PKVTQIGP CPF  OKNNKQP RQWPFU QH
RJQURJQTWU#DQWVJCNHQHVJKUKURTQFWEGFD[NKXGUVQEM JGNF KP EQPHKPGOGPV
6JGUVTWEVWTGQHCPKOCNCITKEWNVWTGJCUEJCPIGFFTCOCVKECNN[QXGTVJGNCUVVYQ
FGECFGU KP VJG 75# 1PEG FQOKPCVGF D[ OCP[ UOCNN QRGTCVKQPU CU RCTV QH
VTCFKVKQPCNETQRJQIHCTOUJQIRTQFWEVKQPJCUDGEQOGJKIJN[EQPEGPVTCVGFQP
NCTIG QRGTCVKQPU YKVJ RTQFWEVKQP KP UGXGTCN FKHHGTGPV UKVGU %QPUKFGTCDNG
EQPUQNKFCVKQP QEEWTTGF KP JQI RTQFWEVKQP FWTKPI VJG U 5KPEG  VJG
RGTEGPV QH VJG JQI CPF RKI KPXGPVQT[ QP HCTOU YKVJ  JGCF QT OQTG
KPETGCUGF HTQO  VQ PGCTN[  #DQWV JCNH QH JQIU CPF RKIU YGTG QP
HCTOU YKVJ OQTG VJCP  JGCF KP  EQORCTGF YKVJ CDQWV C VJKTF KP

75&#  %QPHKPGF UYKPG RTQFWEVKQP KU IGPGTCNN[ EQPEGPVTCVGF KP
VJG/KFYGUVCPF0QTVJ%CTQNKPC6JGNCTIGUVKPETGCUGUKPEQPHKPGFQRGTCVKQPU
KP VJG NCUV VYQ FGECFGU CTG KP 0QTVJ %CTQNKPC 1MNCJQOC #TMCPUCU CPF
0QTVJGTP +QYC CPF UQWVJGTP /KPPGUQVC +P 0QTVJ %CTQNKPC CNQPG JQI
RTQFWEVKQPKPETGCUGFHTQOOKNNKQPJGCFKPVQQXGTOKNNKQPKP
/KPKOK\KPINKXGUVQEMYCUVGYCVGTOCPWTGOUKORCEVQPVJGGPXKTQPOGPVKU
QPG QH 75 CITKEWNVWTGOU OCLQT EJCNNGPIGU 2TQDNGOU CTKUG YJGP OQTG
PWVTKGPVUCTGCRRNKGFVJCPETQRUQTHQTCIGECPWUGECWUKPIGZEGUUTWPQHHVJCV
ECP NGCF VQ RQQT FTKPMKPI YCVGT CPF QZ[IGP FGRNGVKQP KP DQFKGU QH YCVGT +P
CFFKVKQPVQPWVTKGPVUOCPWTGCPFYCUVGYCVGTHTQOCPKOCNHGGFKPIQRGTCVKQPU
JCXG VJG RQVGPVKCN VQ EQPVTKDWVG QVJGT RQNNWVCPVU UWEJ CU RCVJQIGPU JGCX[
OGVCNU CPF COOQPKC VQ VJG GPXKTQPOGPV 6Q CFFTGUU VJGUG EQPEGTPU VJG
75&##ITKEWNVWTCN4GUGCTEJ5GTXKEG
#45JCUGUVCDNKUJGFCPCVKQPCNTGUGCTEJ
RTQITCO QP /CPWTG CPF $[RTQFWEV 7VKNK\CVKQP 6JKU PCVKQPCN RTQITCO
HQEWUGU QP FGXGNQRKPI OCPCIGOGPV RTCEVKEGU CPF VGEJPQNQIKGU HQT GHHGEVKXG
CITKEWNVWTCN WUG QH OCPWTG CPF QVJGT D[RTQFWEVU YJKNG RTQVGEVKPI

17
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

GPXKTQPOGPVCNSWCNKV[JWOCPJGCNVJCPFCPKOCNJGCNVJ6JKURCRGTFGUETKDGU
CFXCPEGU KP UYKPG OCPWTG VTGCVOGPV VGEJPQNQIKGU CV VJG 75&##45 %QCUVCN
2NCKPU 4GUGCTEJ %GPVGT KP (NQTGPEG 5QWVJ %CTQNKPC VQ CFFTGUU GPXKTQPOGPVCN
RTQDNGO CTGCU KP EQPHKPGF UYKPG QRGTCVKQPU YKVJ GORJCUKU KP PKVTQIGP
VTGCVOGPVVGEJPQNQIKGU

#NVGTPCVKXGVGEJPQNQIKGU

6JGTG CTG OCP[ CURGEVU QH CPKOCN TGUKFWCNU UWEJ CU YCUVG
EJCTCEVGTKUVKEU QRGTCVQT KPXQNXGOGPV TGIWNCVKQPU CPF HKUECN TGUQWTEGU VJCV
CTG FKUVKPEVN[ FKHHGTGPV VJCP VJG UGYCIG KPFWUVT[ CPF TGSWKTG VTGCVOGPV
VGEJPQNQI[ FGXGNQRGF URGEKHKECNN[ HQT CPKOCN YCUVG U[UVGOU 5KVGURGEKHKE
%QORTGJGPUKXG 0WVTKGPV /CPCIGOGPV 2NCPU
%0/2 VQ OKPKOK\G RQVGPVKCN
YCVGT RQNNWVCPVU HTQO EQPHKPGOGPV HCEKNKVKGU CPF NCPF CRRNKECVKQP QH OCPWTG
CPF QTICPKE D[RTQFWEVU CTG CNTGCF[ RNC[KPI C UKIPKHKECPV TQNG HQT RQTM
RTQFWEGTU 7UKPI GPXKTQPOGPVCNN[UCHG CNVGTPCVKXGU VQ NCPF CRRNKECVKQP QH
OCPWTGCPFQTICPKED[RTQFWEVUEQWNFDGCPKPVGITCNRCTVQHVJGQXGTCNN%0/2
6JGUGCNVGTPCVKXGUCTGPGGFGFKPCTGCUYJGTGPWVTKGPVUWRRN[GZEGGFUCXCKNCDNG
NCPFCPFQTYJGTGNCPFCRRNKECVKQPYQWNFECWUGUKIPKHKECPVGPXKTQPOGPVCNTKUM
/QTG GHHKEKGPV CPF EQUVGHHGEVKXG OGVJQFU CTG PGGFGF HQT OCPWTG JCPFNKPI
VTGCVOGPV CPF UVQTCIG #TGCU KP PGGF QH VCTIGVKPI KPENWFG
 KORTQXGF
U[UVGOUHQTUQNKFUTGOQXCNHTQONKSWKFOCPWTG
KORTQXGFOCPWTGJCPFNKPI
UVQTCIG CPF VTGCVOGPV OGVJQFU VQ TGFWEG COOQPKC XQNCVKNK\CVKQP

VTGCVOGPV U[UVGOU VJCV VTCPUHQTO CPFQT ECRVWTG PWVTKGPVU VTCEG GNGOGPVU
CPFRJCTOCEGWVKECNN[CEVKXGEJGOKECNUHTQOOCPWTG
KORTQXGFEQORQUVKPI
CPF QVJGT OCPWTG UVCDKNK\CVKQP VGEJPKSWGU CPF
 VTGCVOGPV U[UVGOU VQ
TGOGFKCVGQTTGRNCEGCPCGTQDKENCIQQPU
75&#
# HNQY FKCITCO QH XCTKQWU QRVKQPU QVJGT VJCP URTGCFKPI OCPWTG QP VJG
RTQFWEGT=U HCTO KU UJQYP KP (KI  #NVJQWIJ UQOG QH VJG VGEJPQNQIKGU CTG
EWTTGPVN[KPVJGTGUGCTEJUVCIGVJGFKCITCOKNNWUVTCVGUVYQFKUVKPEVCRRTQCEJGU
VQOCPWTGOCPCIGOGPV1PGKUVQFGXGNQRFT[U[UVGOUUWEJCUVJGJKIJTKUG
CPF FGGR DGFFKPI YJGTG HTGUJ OCPWTG KU OKZGF YKVJ C DWNMKPI CIGPV QT VJG
WUGQHKPENKPGFDGNVUWPFGTVJGUNCVVGFHNQQTVQUGRCTCVGWTKPGCPFUQNKFUUQVJCV
CNNQTRCTVQHVJGOCPWTGNGCXKPICDWKNFKPIKUFKTGEVN[JCPFNGFCUCUQNKF

18
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

Diet Manipulation
Methane Digestion
Liquid Systems
Covered Lagoon
Dry Systems Solid Separation (Conserve Nitrogen)
High Rise/ Deep bed Screen 5-25%
Belt System Enhanced Separation Phosphorus Precipitation
Polymer Flocculation> 90% (Struvite, Calcium Phosphate)
Vermicompost
Phosphorus Products
Aerobic Composting
Pelletize Constructed Wetland
Rice/ Soybeans
Soldier Fly Protein
Nitrification (Transforms
High-solids Digestion Ammonia to Nitrate)

Biodiesel

Ethanol Solid & Organic Nutrients Moved

from Farm
Plant Growth Media
On Farm Liquid Treatment and
Application to Cropland

Gasification
(KI#NVGTPCVKXGVGEJPQNQIKGUVQVTCFKVKQPCNCPCGTQDKENCIQQPVGEJPQNQI[

6JG QVJGT CRRTQCEJ KU VQ KORTQXG QT TGVTQHKV GZKUVKPI NKSWKF VTGCVOGPV
U[UVGOU UQ VJCV XQNCVKNG UQNKFU CPF QTICPKE PWVTKGPVU CTG UGRCTCVGF HTQO VJG
HTGUJ OCPWTG CPF VTCPURQTVGF CPF VTGCVGF YKVJ C XCTKGV[ QH VGEJPQNQIKGU VQ
IGPGTCVG XCNWGCFFGF RTQFWEVU 6JGUG RTQFWEVU OC[ KPENWFG UVCDKNK\GF RGCV
UWDUVKVWVGUJWOWUQTICPKEHGTVKNK\GTUUQKNCOGPFOGPVUGPGTI[CPFRTQVGKPU
6JG TGOCKPKPI NKSWKF PGGFU VQ DG VTGCVGF KP VJG HCTO # XCTKGV[ QH DKQNQIKECN
RJ[UKECN QT EJGOKECN RTQEGUUGU ECP DG WUGF VQ CEJKGXG URGEKHKE PWVTKGPV
OCPCIGOGPVIQCNU+PQTFGTVQUKIPKHKECPVN[KORTQXGNKSWKFU[UVGOUYGPGGF
VGEJPQNQIKGU VJCV ECP RTQXKFG GHHGEVKXG UQNKFUNKSWKF UGRCTCVKQP 5WEJ
VGEJPQNQI[KUHQTGZCORNGVJGWUGQHRQN[OGTUYJGTGHKPGRCTVKENGUV[RKECNKP
UYKPG OCPWTG CTG HNQEEWNCVGF KPETGCUKPI UGRCTCVKQP CDQXG  6JKU JKIJGT
TGEQXGT[QHUQNKFUPQV QPN[TGOQXGU QTICPKEPKVTQIGPDWVCNUQOCMGUVJG WUG
QHCFXCPEGFVTGCVOGPVKPVJGNKSWKFCOQTGGEQPQOKECNCNVGTPCVKXG

'PJCPEGFUQNKFUNKSWKFUGRCTCVKQP

9G FGXGNQRGF KORTQXGF OGVJQFU QH OCPWTG UQNKFNKSWKF UGRCTCVKQP

VJTQWIJ CFFKVKQPQHRQN[CET[NCOKFG
2#/CYCVGTUQNWDNGRQN[OGTVQ UYKPG
CPF FCKT[ YCUVGYCVGT *KIJTCVG UGRCTCVKQP QH UQNKFU CPF NKSWKFU HTQO CPKOCN
YCUVGYCVGTKUCETKVKECNUVGRHQTFGXGNQROGPVQHCNVGTPCVKXGU[UVGOUQHOCPWTG
OCPCIGOGPV 5WURGPFGF UQNKFU ECP DG TGFWEGF D[ OQTG VJCP  D[
KORTQXKPI UQNKFU HNQEEWNCVKQP CU QRRQUGF VQ CDQWV  WUKPI VTCFKVKQPCN
UETGGPKPI OGVJQFU %CVKQPKE RQN[OGTU YKVJ NQY EJCTIG FGPUKV[ YGTG OQUV
WUGHWN HQT OCPWTG CRRNKECVKQPU CPF VTGCVOGPV CV JKIJGT UVTGPIVJ YCU CNYC[U
OQTGGHHGEVKXGCPFGEQPQOKECN+VKUCNYC[UOQTG GEQPQOKECNVQ WUG 2#/ VQ
TGOQXGUQNKFUCPFPWVTKGPVUHTQOUYKPGYCUVGYCVGTYJGPUVTGPIVJKUJKIJGT

19
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

$[ ECRVWTKPI VJG UWURGPFGF UQNKFU OQUV QZ[IGPFGOCPFKPI EQORQWPFU CPF

QTICPKE PWVTKGPVU CTG TGOQXGF HTQO VJG NKSWKF UVTGCO 6JKU VTGCVOGPV ITGCVN[
TGFWEGF VJG EQUV QH VTGCVKPI VJG TGOCKPKPI YCUVGYCVGT YJKEJ JCF DGGP
EQPUKFGTGFRTQJKDKVKXGN[GZRGPUKXG+PCFFKVKQPUGRCTCVGFUQNKFUCPFPWVTKGPVU
ECP DG VTCPURQTVGF OQTG GEQPQOKECNN[ VJCP NKSWKF HQTOU VQ PWVTKGPV FGHKEKGPV
CTGCUQTRTQEGUUGFKPVQXCNWGCFFGFRTQFWEVU6JGRTQEGUUUGRCTCVGUQTICPKE
PKVTQIGPDWVPQVUQNWDNGCOOQPKCEQPVCKPGFKPVJGYCUVG
8CPQVVKCPF*WPV
8CPQVVKGVCN

0KVTKHKECVKQPVTGCVOGPV

#NVJQWIJPGCTN[CNNVJGQTICPKE0KUTGOQXGFYKVJVJGUWURGPFGFUQNKFUC
UKOKNCT COQWPV UVKNN TGOCKPU KP VJG UQNWDNG COOQPKC HTCEVKQP 6JWU CHVGT VJG
UQNKFU CTG TGOQXGF VJG YCUVGYCVGT OWUV DG VTGCVGF VQ VTCPUHQTO VJG
COOQPKCYJGPCNVGTPCVKXGUQVJGTVJCPNCPFCRRNKECVKQPCTGPGGFGF1PGQHVJG
RTKOCT[ VTGCVOGPV VTCPUHQTOCVKQPU KU VJG EQPXGTUKQP QH COOQPKC PKVTQIGP VQ
PKVTCVG PKVTQIGP XKC OKETQDKCN PKVTKHKECVKQP #GTQDKE VTGCVOGPV JCU DGGP
GXCNWCVGF HQT VTGCVKPI CPKOCN YCUVGYCVGT DWV KP VJG CDUGPEG QH GPTKEJGF
PKVTKH[KPI RQRWNCVKQPU CGTQDKECNN[ VTGCVKPI JKIJCOOQPKC CPKOCN YCUVGYCVGT
OC[ GZCEGTDCVG GPXKTQPOGPVCN RTQDNGOU D[ UVTKRRKPI COOQPKC KPVQ VJG
CVOQURJGTG
9GFGXGNQRGFOGVJQFUVQGPJCPEGDKQNQIKECNTGOQXCNQH0KPYCUVGYCVGT
EQPVCKPKPI JKIJ COOQPKC EQPEGPVTCVKQP VJTQWIJ VJG WUG QH DCEVGTKCN
KOOQDKNK\CVKQPVGEJPQNQI[6JGVGEJPQNQI[CNNQYUCPKPETGCUGQHCDQWV
HQNF OQTG PKVTKH[KPI DCEVGTKC VQ DG TGVCKPGF KP VJG TGCEVKQP VCPMU YJKEJ
KPETGCUGUGHHKEKGPE[CPFTGFWEGUDQVJECRKVCNCPFQRGTCVKQPEQUV6JGTGUGCTEJ
UJQYGFVJCVYKVJRTQRGTCEENKOCVKQPVGEJPKSWGUEWNVWTGUQHPKVTKH[KPIDCEVGTKC
EQWNFDGCFCRVGFVQ JKIJCOOQPKCUVTGPIVJYCUVGYCVGTCPFKOOQDKNK\GF CPF
WUGF GHHGEVKXGN[ VQ VTGCV XGT[ EQPEGPVTCVGF
 RRO COOQPKC0 CPKOCN
YCUVGYCVGT #OOQPKC TGOQXCN TCVGU QH  VQ  OI 0.TGCEVQTFC[ CPF
VQPKVTKHKECVKQPGHHKEKGPE[YGTGQDVCKPGFKPDCVEJVTGCVOGPVYKVJPQ
KPJKDKVKQP VQ VJG JKIJ COOQPKC EQPEGPVTCVKQP CPKOCN YCUVG 6JG VGEJPQNQI[
YCU GHHGEVKXG HQT VTGCVOGPV QH CPCGTQDKE NCIQQP YCUVGYCVGT CPF HNWUJGF
OCPWTGCHVGTUQNKFUUGRCTCVKQP
8CPQVVKCPF*WPV8CPQVVKGVCN
8CPQVVKGVCNC

&GPKVTKHKECVKQPVTGCVOGPV

$KQNQIKECN FGPKVTKHKECVKQP RTQEGUUGU ECP DG EQWRNGF VQ C PKVTKHKECVKQP

TGCEVQTUQVJCVVQVCNPKVTQIGPTGOQXCNKUCEJKGXGF&GPKVTKHKECVKQPDCEVGTKCPGGF
C UWKVCDNG UQWTEG QH QTICPKE ECTDQP CU CP GPGTI[ UQWTEG +P YCUVGYCVGT
VTGCVOGPV VYQ OCKP V[RGU QH QTICPKE ECTDQP UQWTEG ECP DG WUGF GKVJGT CP
GPFQIGPQWU  UQWTEG EQPVCKPGF KP VJG YCUVGYCVGT QT CP GZVGTPCN UQWTEG NKMG
OGVJCPQN GVJCPQN GVE +P VJG HKTUV ECUG VJG RTQEGUU NGCFU VQ C RTG
FGPKVTKHKECVKQP HNQYUJGGV VJCV TGE[ENGU C RCTV QH VJG PKVTKHKGF GHHNWGPV VQ CP
CPQZKE VCPM KP VJG UGEQPF ECUG VQ C RQUVFGPKVTKHKECVKQP EQPHKIWTCVKQP 6JG
CFXCPVCIG QH VJG RTGFGPKVTKHKECVKQP EQPHKIWTCVKQP HQT VJG RWTRQUGU QH VQVCN 0

20
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

TGOQXCN KU VJCV KV WUGU C PCVWTCNN[ CXCKNCDNG UQWTEG HTQO YCUVGYCVGT
OKPKOK\KPIVJGPGGFHQTUWRRNGOGPVCN ECTDQP+PVJKURTQEGUUYG CNUQ TGFWEG
VJG QTICPKE NQCF VQ VJG PKVTKHKECVKQP VCPM # $KQITGGP U[UVGO WUKPI RTG
FGPKVTKHKECVKQP YCU VGUVGF YKVJ HNWUJGF UYKPG OCPWTG GHHNWGPV CHVGT 2#/
UGRCTCVKQPKPCUVWF[CV0%57#PKOCN9CUVG%GPVGTKP4CNGKIJ0%
8CPQVVKGV
CN  $GEMGT   0KVTQIGP TGOQXCN GHHKEKGPEKGU QH  HQT VQVCN
PKVTQIGP CPF  HQT COOQPKC  0KVTKHKECVKQP RTQFWEGU CEKF CPF EQPUWOGU
CNMCNKPKV[ DWV VJGTG KU WUWCNN[ PQ PGGF HQT UWRRNGOGPVCVKQP YJGP C RTG
FGPKVTKHKECVKQP EQPHKIWTCVKQP KU WUGF #P KORQTVCPV EQPUKFGTCVKQP HQT
FGPKVTKHKECVKQPKUVJGTCVKQQH%1&VQPKVTCVGCRRNKGFVQVJGCPQZKETGCEVQT.QY
TCVKQUCTGCRTQDNGO6JGGHHKEKGPE[QHDKQNQIKECNFGPKVTKHKECVKQPKPETGCUGUYKVJ
CP KPETGCUGF %1&QZKFK\GF 0 TCVKQ WR VQ CP QRVKOWO XCNWG QH  VQ  CDQXG
YJKEJVJGRGTHQTOCPEGTGOCKPUEQPUVCPV
+OOQDKNK\GFVGEJPQNQI[ECPCNUQDGCRRNKGFVQGPJCPEGVJGFGPKVTKHKECVKQP
RTQEGUU 7UKPI  FGPKVTKHKGTU CVVCEJGF VQ 28# RQN[OGT DGCFU YG YGTG CDNG VQ
QDVCKP HCUV FGPKVTKHKECVKQP QH UYKPG YCUVGYCVGT
 OI 0.TGCEVQTJQWT
%QORCTGFYKVJUVCPFCTFFGPKVTKH[KPIUNWFIGVJGWUGQHKOOQDKNK\GFFGPKVTKHKGTU
ECPTGFWEGCDQWVVKOGUVJGUK\GQHVTGCVOGPVVCPMUTGUWNVKPIKPCEQORCEV
U[UVGO HQQVRTKPV CPF OQTG GEQPQOKECN U[UVGO YKVJ ITGCV CFXCPVCIGU HQT
CPKOCNU[UVGOU

#PCGTQDKECOOQPKWOQZKFCVKQP
#0#//1:

9G EQPFWEVGF TGUGCTEJ VQ FGXGNQR RTQEGUU CRRNKECVKQPU HQT VJG UNQY
ITQYKPICPCGTQDKECOOQPKWOQZKFCVKQP
#PCOOQZDCEVGTKCWUKPIEQPVKPWQWU
HNQY VTGCVOGPV CPF OKETQDKCN KOOQDKNK\CVKQP VGEJPKSWGU +P VJG #PCOOQZ
RTQEGUU VJG COOQPKC
0*  KU EQPXGTVGF VQ JCTONGUU FKPKVTQIGP ICU
0 




WPFGT CPCGTQDKE EQPFKVKQPU YKVJ PKVTKVG

01  CU VJG GNGEVTQP CEEGRVQT +V KU



OQTG GPGTI[GHHKEKGPV VJCP VTCFKVKQPCN DKQNQIKECN 0 TGOQXCN U[UVGOU DGECWUG

QPN[ RCTV QH VJG COOQPKWO PGGFU VQ DG PKVTKHKGF CPF VJGTG KU PQ PGGF HQT
ECTDQP CFFKVKQP HQT FGPKVTKHKECVKQP 6JG #PCOOQZ OKETQQTICPKUOU YGTG
FKUEQXGTGF KP VJG UNWFIG QH C RKNQV RNCPV RTQXKFKPI PKVTKHKECVKQP VTGCVOGPV VQ
CPCGTQDKE NCIQQP GHHNWGPV KP C UYKPG HCTO KP 0QTVJ %CTQNKPC .CDQTCVQT[
DKQTGCEVQTU YGTG UGGFGF YKVJ VJG UNWFIG KUQNCVGF HTQO VJG RKNQV TGCEVQT CHVGT
CEENKOCVKQP YKVJ PKVTCVG UQNWVKQP VQ TGOQXG GPFQIGPQWU ECTDQP 6JG
DKQTGCEVQTUYGTGQRGTCVGFKPEQPVKPWQWUHNQYCPFEQPVCKPGFRQN[XKP[NCNEQJQN

28#J[FTQIGNDKQOCUUECTTKGTDGCFUHQTKOOQDKNK\CVKQPCPFGPTKEJOGPVQHVJG
UNQYITQYVJOKETQQTICPKUOU#FKUVKPEVTGFDKQOCUUITQYVJYJKEJKUV[RKECN
QHVJG#PCOOQZRNCPEVQO[EGVGFGXGNQRGFKPVJGTGCEVQTUCHVGTOQPVJUQH
EQPVKPWQWUHNQYQRGTCVKQP(NWQTGUEGPVKPUKVWJ[DTKFK\CVKQP
(+5*CPCN[UKUQH
VJG DKQHKNO WUKPI 5 T&0# QNKIQPWENGQVKFGU #PC CPF #OZ  EQPHKTOGF
#PCOOQZ DCEVGTKC KOCIKPI TGXGCNGF C JKIJ FGPUKV[ QH EGNNU ITQYKPI KP
ENWUVGTU4GOQXCNQH01 CPF 0* YCUUKOWNVCPGQWUCVCUVQKEJKQOGVTKETCVKQ

 


EJCTCEVGTKUVKEQHVJG#PCOOQZTGCEVKQPYGQDVCKPGFVJGHQNNQYKPIGSWCVKQP

0*  01  *  0  01  * 1





 



21
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

*[FTCWNKETGVGPVKQPVKOGYCUITCFWCNN[FGETGCUGFHTQOVQJQXGTC
OQPVJRGTKQFVQKPETGCUG0NQCF0KVTQIGPTGOQXCNTCVGQDVCKPGFYCU
MI 0O FC[ YJKEJ KU KP VJG TCPIG QH KPFWUVTKCN DKQVTGCVOGPV CRRNKECVKQPU


6JKUHKPFKPIOC[NGCFVQFGXGNQROGPVQHOQTGGEQPQOKECNVTGCVOGPVU[UVGOU
HQT NKXGUVQEM YCUVGYCVGT CPF QVJGT GHHNWGPVU EQPVCKPKPI JKIJ COOQPKC
EQPEGPVTCVKQP

'PXKTQPOGPVCNN[UWRGTKQTCNVGTPCVKXGVGEJPQNQIKGU

%WTTGPVN[VJGTGKUCIQXGTPOGPVKPFWUVT[HTCOGYQTMKP0QTVJ%CTQNKPCHQT
EQPXGTUKQP QH CPCGTQDKE UYKPG YCUVG NCIQQPU CPF URTC[HKGNFU VQ CNVGTPCVKXG
VGEJPQNQIKGU+P,WN[VJG#VVQTPG[)GPGTCNQH0QTVJ%CTQNKPCTGCEJGFCP
CITGGOGPV YKVJ 5OKVJHKGNF (QQFU +PE CPF KVU UWDUKFKCTKGU VJG NCTIGUV JQI
RTQFWEKPIEQORCPKGUKPVJGYQTNFVQFGXGNQRCPFFGOQPUVTCVGGPXKTQPOGPVCN
UWRGTKQT YCUVG OCPCIGOGPV VGEJPQNQIKGU 1PEG PGY VGEJPQNQIKGU CTG
KFGPVKHKGF EQORCPKGU YKNN EQPXGTV VJGKT HCEKNKVKGU CPF RJCUG QWV VJG EWTTGPV
NCIQQPU CPF URTC[HKGNFU +P 1EVQDGT  VJG #VVQTPG[ )GPGTCN TGCEJGF C
UKOKNCT CITGGOGPV YKVJ 2TGOKWO 5VCPFCTF (CTOU VJG UGEQPF NCTIGUV RQTM
RTQFWEGT KP VJG EQWPVT[ 6CMGP VQIGVJGT 5OKVJHKGNF CPF 2TGOKWO 5VCPFCTF
TGRTGUGPV QXGT  QH VJG JQI HCTOU KP 0QTVJ %CTQNKPC 6JG CITGGOGPV
FGHKPGU CP GPXKTQPOGPVCNN[ UWRGTKQT VGEJPQNQI[
'56 CU CP[ VGEJPQNQI[ QT
EQODKPCVKQP QH VGEJPQNQI[ VJCV
 KU RGTOKVVCDNG D[ VJG CRRTQRTKCVG
IQXGTPOGPVCNCWVJQTKV[
KUFGVGTOKPGFVQDGVGEJPKECNN[QRGTCVKQPCNN[CPF
GEQPQOKECNN[HGCUKDNGCPF
OGGVUVJGHQNNQYKPIGPXKTQPOGPVCNRGTHQTOCPEG
UVCPFCTFU  'NKOKPCVG VJG FKUEJCTIG QH CPKOCN YCUVG VQ UWTHCEG YCVGTU CPF
ITQWPFYCVGT VJTQWIJ FKTGEV FKUEJCTIG UGGRCIG QT TWPQHH  5WDUVCPVKCNN[
GNKOKPCVG CVOQURJGTKE GOKUUKQPU QH COOQPKC  5WDUVCPVKCNN[ GNKOKPCVG VJG
GOKUUKQP QH QFQT VJCV KU FGVGEVCDNG DG[QPF VJG DQWPFCTKGU QH HCTO 
5WDUVCPVKCNN[GNKOKPCVGVJGTGNGCUGQHFKUGCUGVTCPUOKVVKPIXGEVQTUCPFCKTDQTPG
RCVJQIGPU CPF  5WDUVCPVKCNN[ GNKOKPCVG PWVTKGPV CPF JGCX[ OGVCN
EQPVCOKPCVKQP QH UQKN CPF ITQWPFYCVGT  5GNGEVKQP QH '56 ECPFKFCVGU VQ
WPFGTIQ RGTHQTOCPEG XGTKHKECVKQP KPXQNXGF C TGSWGUV QH RTQRQUCNU CPF
EQORGVKVKXG TGXKGY D[ VJG #ITGGOGPVU &GUKIPGG CPF C 2CPGN TGRTGUGPVKPI
IQXGTPOGPV GPXKTQPOGPVCN CPF EQOOWPKV[ KPVGTGUVU VJG EQORCPKGU CPF
KPFKXKFWCNUYKVJGZRGTVKUGKPCPKOCNYCUVGOCPCIGOGPVGPXKTQPOGPVCNUEKGPEG
CPFRWDNKEJGCNVJGEQPQOKEUCPFDWUKPGUUOCPCIGOGPV6JKURTQEGUU[KGNFGF
 VGEJPQNQIKGU ECPFKFCVGU COQPI CDQWV  UWDOKVVGF RTQLGEVU +P ,WN[
 VYQ QH VJG VGEJPQNQIKGU YGTG UJQYP VQ DG ECRCDNG QH OGGVKPI VJG
GPXKTQPOGPVCN RGTHQTOCPEG ETKVGTKC PGEGUUCT[ HQT VJG VGEJPQNQIKGU VQ DG
EQPUKFGTGF GPXKTQPOGPVCNN[ UWRGTKQT 1PG QH VJG VYQ VGEJPQNQIKGU VTGCV VJG
GPVKTG YCUVG UVTGCO HTQO C UYKPG HCTO WUKPI UQNKFU UGRCTCVKQP
PKVTKHKECVKQPFGPKVTKHKECVKQPCPFUQNWDNGRJQURJQTWUTGOQXCNU[UVGOYJKNGVJG
UGEQPF KU FGUKIPGF VQ VTGCV VJG UGRCTCVGF UQNKFU WUKPI JKIJ UQNKFU CPCGTQDKE
FKIGUVKQPU[UVGO
9KNNKCOU

22
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

 1PHCTO UQNKFU UGRCTCVKQPPKVTKHKECVKQPFGPKVTKHKECVKQPUQNWDNG RJQURJQTWU

TGOQXCNU[UVGO

6JGRTQLGEVYCUCEQNNCDQTCVKXGGHHQTVKPXQNXKPIUEKGPVKUVUGPIKPGGTUCPF
RGTUQPPGN HTQO RTKXCVG DWUKPGUUGU WPKXGTUKV[ CPF 75&# 6JG U[UVGO ITGCVN[
KPETGCUGF VJG GHHKEKGPE[ QH NKSWKFUQNKF UGRCTCVKQP D[ KPLGEVKQP QH RQN[OGT VQ
KPETGCUG UQNKFU HNQEEWNCVKQP0KVTQIGP OCPCIGOGPV VQ GNKOKPCVG COOQPKC
GOKUUKQPU YCU CEEQORNKUJGF D[ RCUUKPI VJG NKSWKF VJTQWIJ C OQFWNG YJGTG
KOOQDKNK\GF DCEVGTKC VTCPUHQTOGF PKVTQIGP5WDUGSWGPV CNMCNKPG VTGCVOGPV QH
VJG YCUVGYCVGT KP C RJQURJQTWU OQFWNG RTGEKRKVCVGF ECNEKWO RJQURJCVG CPF
MKNNGF RCVJQIGPU6TGCVGF YCUVGYCVGT YCU TGE[ENGF VQ ENGCP JQI JQWUGU CPF
HQT ETQR KTTKICVKQP6JG U[UVGO YGPV VJTQWIJ HWNNUECNG FGOQPUVTCVKQP CPF
XGTKHKECVKQP CU RCTV QH VJG #ITGGOGPVU FGUETKDGF CDQXG VQ KFGPVKH[
VGEJPQNQIKGU VJCV ECP TGRNCEG EWTTGPV NCIQQPU YKVJ 'PXKTQPOGPVCNN[ 5WRGTKQT
6GEJPQNQI[
6JGVTGCVOGPVRNCPVEQORNGVGFFGUKIPRGTOKVVKPIEQPUVTWEVKQPUVCTVWR
CPF QPG [GCT QRGTCVKQP RGTKQF WPFGT UVGCF[UVCVG EQPFKVKQPU 6JG HWNNUECNG
FGOQPUVTCVKQP HCEKNKV[ YCU KPUVCNNGF QP C JGCF HKPKUJKPI HCTO KP &WRNKP
%QWPV[ 0QTVJ %CTQNKPC 6JG U[UVGO YCU EQPUVTWEVGF CPF QRGTCVGF D[ C
RTKXCVGHKTOECNNGF5WRGT5QKN5[UVGOU75#QH%NKPVQP0%

Solid-liquid Nitrification Phosphorus

Separation Denitrification Removal Effluent
Module Module Module
Swine
Houses Separated Calcium
solids Phosphate
Reuse

 &KCITCO QH YCUVGYCVGT VTGCVOGPV U[UVGO KPUVCNNGF

(KI CV )QUJGP 4KFIG HCTO 0QTVJ
%CTQNKPC
8CPQVVKGVCND

6JGEQORNGVGU[UVGOTGOQXGFQHVJGUWURGPFGFUQNKFUQH
$1&QH6-0QHCOOQPKCQHVQVCN2QHEQRRGT
CPF  QH \KPE
8CPQVVK  6JG VTGCVOGPV U[UVGO CNUQ TGOQXGF
 QH QFQT EQORQWPFU KP VJG NKSWKF CPF TGFWEGF RCVJQIGP KPFKECVQTU VQ
PQPFGVGEVCDNGNGXGNU
8CPQVVKGVCNC+PNGUUVJCPC[GCTVJGCPCGTQDKE
NCIQQP VJCV YCU TGRNCEGF YKVJ VJG VTGCVOGPV U[UVGO YCU EQPXGTVGF KPVQ CP
CGTQDKE RQPF YKVJ COOQPKC EQPEGPVTCVKQP KP VJG NKSWKF QH   OI. VJCV
TGFWEGF  QH VJG COOQPKC GOKUUKQPU +V YCU XGTKHKGF VJCV VJG VGEJPQNQI[
YCU VGEJPKECNN[ CPF QRGTCVKQPCNN[ HGCUKDNG $CUGF QP RGTHQTOCPEG TGUWNVU
QDVCKPGF KV YCU FGVGTOKPGF VJCV VJG VTGCVOGPV U[UVGO OGV VJG VGEJPKECN
RGTHQTOCPEG UVCPFCTFU VJCV FGHKPG CP 'PXKTQPOGPVCNN[ 5WRGTKQT 6GEJPQNQI[
6JGUG HKPFKPIU QXGTCNN UJQYGF VJCV ENGCPGT CNVGTPCVKXG VGEJPQNQIKGU ECP JCXG
UKIPKHKECPVRQUKVKXGKORCEVUQPVJGGPXKTQPOGPVCPFVJGNKXGUVQEMKPFWUVT[

23
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

4GHGTGPEGU

$GEMGT *  %QRKPI YKVJ UYKPG OCPWTG 5VCVGQHVJGCTV VGEJPQNQI[

ENGCPU WR YCUVGYCVGT HTQO NCTIGUECNG CPKOCN RTQFWEVKQP 75&# #ITKEWNVWTCN
4GUGCTEJ,WN[YYYCTUWUFCIQXKU#4CTEJKXGLWNUYKPGJVO

75&#  %QORTGJGPUKXG 0WVTKGPV /CPCIGOGPV 2NCPPKPI 6GEJPKECN

)WKFCPEG
JVVRYYYPJSPTEUWUFCIQX241)4#/5CJEYRFCYFAKPFGZJVO

75&#  'EQPQOKE CPF UVTWEVWTCN TGNCVKQPUJKRU KP VJG 75 JQI
RTQFWEVKQP #ITKEWNVWTCN 'EQPQOKE 4GRQTV  'EQPQOKE 4GUGCTEJ 5GTXKEG
75&#9CUJKPIVQP&%

8CPQVVK/$CPF2)*WPV5QNKFUCPFPWVTKGPVTGOQXCNHTQOHNWUJGF
UYKPGOCPWTGWUKPIRQN[CET[NCOKFGU6TCPUCEVKQPUQHVJG#5#'



8CPQVVK /$ CPF 2) *WPV  0KVTKHKECVKQP VTGCVOGPV QH UYKPG
YCUVGYCVGT YKVJ CEENKOCVGF PKVTKH[KPI UNWFIG KOOQDKNK\GF KP RQN[OGT RGNNGVU
6TCPU#5#'


8CPQVVK /$ 2) *WPV ,/ 4KEG CPF (, *WOGPKM 0KVTKH[KPI JKIJ
UVTGPIVJ YCUVGYCVGT  +PFWUVTKCN 9CUVGYCVGT 5GRV1EV 9CVGT
'PXKTQPOGPV(GFGTCVKQP#NGZCPFTKC8#

8CPQVVK/$&/%4CUJCUJCPF2)*WPV5QNKFNKSWKFUGRCTCVKQP
QH HNWUJGF UYKPG OCPWTG YKVJ 2#/ 'HHGEV QH YCUVGYCVGT UVTGPIVJ 6TCPU
#5#'

8CPQVVK/$,/4KEG2)*WPV(,*WOGPKM#3'NNKUQP%#$CKTF2
/KNNPGT CPF ## 5\QIK  'XCNWCVKQP QH RQN[OGT UQNKFU UGRCTCVKQP
PKVTKHKECVKQPFGPKVTKHKECVKQPCPFUQNWDNGRJQURJQTWUTGOQXCNU[UVGOHQTVTGCVKPI
UYKPG OCPWTG  RR 2TQE +PVON 5[OR #FFTGUUKPI #PKOCN 2TQFWEVKQP CPF
'PXKTQPOGPVCN+UUWGU1EVQDGT4CNGKIJ0%

8CPQVVK /$ &/% 4CUJCUJ CPF 2) *WPV  5QNKFNKSWKF UGRCTCVKQP
QH HNWUJGF UYKPG OCPWTG YKVJ 2#/ GHHGEV QH YCUVGYCVGT UVTGPIVJ 6TCPU
#5#'


8CPQVVK/$'XCNWCVKQPQH'PXKTQPOGPVCNN[5WRGTKQT6GEJPQNQI[(KPCN
4GRQTV HQT 6GEJPQNQI[ &GVGTOKPCVKQP RGT #ITGGOGPVU $GVYGGP VJG #VVQTPG[
)GPGTCNQH0QTVJ%CTQNKPCCPF5OKVJHKGNF(QQFU2TGOKWO5VCPFCTF(CTOUCPF
(TQPVNKPG(CTOGTU

JVVRYYYECNUPEUWGFWYCUVGAOIVUOKVJHKGNFARTQLGEVURJCUGTGRQTV
#5WRGT5QKNHKPCNRFH

24
 9QTMUJQRUQDTGVGEPQNQIKCURCTCCTGOQQFGPWVTKGPVGUFGFGLGVQUFGQTKIGOCPKOCN
L
FGCIQUVQFG (NQTKCPRQNKU5%

8CPQVVK /$ 2& /KNNPGT 2) *WPV CPF #3 'NNKUQP C 4GOQXCN QH
RCVJQIGPCPFKPFKECVQTOKETQQTICPKUOUHTQONKSWKFUYKPGOCPWTGKPOWNVKUVGR
DKQNQIKECNCPFEJGOKECNVTGCVOGPV$KQTGU6GEJPQN

8CPQVVK/$##5\QIK2)*WPVD9CUVGYCVGTVTGCVOGPVU[UVGO
7PKVGF 5VCVGU 2CVGPV   KUUWGF /C[   75 2CVGPV 
6TCFGOCTM1HHKEG9CUJKPIVQP&%

9KNNKCOU%/&GXGNQROGPVQH'PXKTQPOGPVCNN[5WRGTKQT6GEJPQNQIKGU
2JCUG + 4GRQTV HQT 6GEJPQNQI[ &GVGTOKPCVKQP RGT #ITGGOGPVU $GVYGGP VJG
#VVQTPG[ )GPGTCN QH 0QTVJ %CTQNKPC CPF 5OKVJHKGNF (QQFU 2TGOKWO 5VCPFCTF
(CTOUCPF(TQPVNKPG(CTOGTU,WN[

JVVRYYYECNUPEUWGFWYCUVGAOIVUOKVJHKGNFARTQLGEVURJCUGTGRQTVHTQP
VRFH

25