O Cálculo com Geometria Analítica - Vol I - 3ª Edição

Louis Leithold

Capítulo V
Integração e a integral definida
Exercícios 5.2

Algumas técnicas de antidiferenciação

Resolvido por Nelson Poerschke

Nos exercícios de 1 a 52, efetue a antidiferenciação.

01. ∫ √1 − 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦

1 1 1
∫ √1 − 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 → ∫(1 − 4𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 → − ∫(1 − 4𝑦)2 (−4 𝑑𝑦) =
4
1 2 3 1 3
= − [ (1 − 4𝑦)2 ] + 𝐶 = − (1 − 4𝑦)2 + 𝐶
4 3 6
3
2. ∫ √3𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥

3
1 1 1
∫ √3𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(3𝑥 − 4)3 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(3𝑥 − 4)3 (3 𝑑𝑥) =
3
1 3 4 1 4
= [ (3𝑥 − 4)3 ] + 𝐶 = (3𝑥 − 4)3 + 𝐶
3 4 4
3
3. ∫ √6 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3
1 1 1
∫ √6 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(6 − 2𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥 → − ∫(6 − 2𝑥)3 (−2 𝑑𝑥) =
2
1 3 4 3 4
= − [ (6 − 2𝑥)3 ] + 𝐶 = − (6 − 2𝑥)3 + 𝐶
2 4 8

4. ∫ √5𝑟 + 1 𝑑𝑟
1 1 1
∫ √5𝑟 + 1 𝑑𝑟 → ∫(5𝑟 + 1)2 𝑑𝑟 → ∫(5𝑟 + 1)2 (5 𝑑𝑟) =
5
1 2 3 2 3
= [ (5𝑟 + 1)2 ] + 𝐶 = (5𝑟 + 1)2 + 𝐶
5 3 15

5. ∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 9 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1
∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 9 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 9)2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 2 − 9)2 (2𝑥 𝑑𝑥) =
2
 1 2 2 3 1 3
= [ (𝑥 − 9)2 ] + 𝐶 = (𝑥 2 − 9)2 + 𝐶
2 3 3

6. ∫ 3𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ 3𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 → 4 − 𝑥2 = 𝑢 → 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥; 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1 1 3 2 3 3
∫ 3𝑥(4 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥 → 3 (− ) ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = (− ) ( ) 𝑢2 + 𝐶 = −(4 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 𝐶
2 2 3

7. ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 1)10 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 1)10 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 3 − 1)10 (3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥) =
3
1 1 3 1 3
= [ (𝑥 − 1)11 ] + 𝐶 = (𝑥 − 1)11 + 𝐶
3 11 33

8. ∫ 𝑥(2𝑥 2 + 1)6 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ 𝑥(2𝑥 2 + 1)6 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(2𝑥 2 + 1)6 (4𝑥 𝑑𝑥) =
4
1 1 1
= [ (2𝑥 2 + 1)7 ] + 𝐶 = (2𝑥 2 + 1)7 + 𝐶
4 7 28
3
9. ∫ 5𝑥 √(9 − 4𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥

3
2 1 2
∫ 5𝑥 √(9 − 4𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 5𝑥 (9 − 4𝑥 2 )3 𝑑𝑥 → 5 (− ) ∫(9 − 4𝑥 2 )3 (8𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
8
5 3 5 3 5
= − [ (9 − 4𝑥 2 )3 ] + 𝐶 = (9 − 4𝑥 2 )3 + 𝐶
8 5 8
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
10. ∫ (𝑥 2 +1)3

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
∫ → ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)−3 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 2 + 1)−3 (2𝑥 𝑑𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 + 1)3 2

1 1 2 1 1
= [− (𝑥 + 1)−2 ] + 𝐶 = − (𝑥 2 + 1)−2 + 𝐶 = − +𝐶
2 2 4 4(𝑥 + 1)2
2

𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
11. ∫ (1−2𝑦 4)5

𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 1
∫ → ∫ 𝑦 3 (1 − 2𝑦 4 )−5 𝑑𝑦 → − ∫(1 − 2𝑦 4 )−5 (−8𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦) =
(1 − 2𝑦 4 )5 8

1 1 1 1
= − [− (1 − 2𝑦 4 )−4 ] + 𝐶 = (1 − 2𝑦 4 )−4 + 𝐶 = +𝐶
8 4 32 32(1 − 2𝑦 4 )4
 𝑠 𝑑𝑠
12. ∫ √3𝑠2
+1

𝑠 𝑑𝑠 1
∫ → 3𝑠 2 + 1 = 𝑢 → 𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑠 𝑑𝑠 → 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑑𝑢
√3𝑠 2 + 1 6

1
𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑢 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
∫ → ∫6 = ∫ 𝑢− 2 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = 𝑢2 + 𝐶 = √3𝑠 2 + 1 + 𝐶
√3𝑠 2 + 1 √𝑢 6 6 3 3
4
13. ∫(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4)3 𝑑𝑥
4 4 8
∫(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4)3 𝑑𝑥 → ∫[(𝑥 − 2)2 ]3 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 − 2)3 𝑑𝑥 =

3 11
= (𝑥 − 2) 3 + 𝐶
11

14. ∫ 𝑥 4 √3𝑥 5 − 5 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1 2 3
∫ 𝑥 4 √3𝑥 5 − 5 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(3𝑥 5 − 5)2 (15𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥) = [ (3𝑥 5 − 5)2 ] + 𝐶 =
15 15 3
2 3
= (3𝑥 5 − 5)2 + 𝐶
45

15. ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑥√𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑥+2=𝑢 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑥 =𝑢−2

1 3 1
∫ 𝑥√𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑢 − 2)√𝑢 𝑑𝑢 → ∫(𝑢 − 2)𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 → ∫ 𝑢2 − 2𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 =

2 5 2 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3
= 𝑢2 − 2 ( 𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = 𝑢2 − 𝑢2 + 𝐶 = (𝑥 + 2)2 − (𝑥 + 2)2 + 𝐶
5 3 5 3 5 3
𝑡 𝑑𝑡
16. ∫
√𝑡+3

𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∫ → 𝑡+3=𝑢 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡 → 𝑡 =𝑢−3
√𝑡 + 3
𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (𝑢 − 3)𝑑𝑢 1 1 1
∫ → ∫ → ∫(𝑢 − 3)𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 → ∫ 𝑢2 − 3𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 =
√𝑡 + 3 √𝑢
2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1
= 𝑢2 − 3 (2𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = 𝑢2 − 6𝑢2 + 𝐶 = (𝑡 + 3)2 − 6(𝑡 + 3)2 + 𝐶
3 3 3
2𝑟 𝑑𝑟
17. ∫ (1−𝑟)7

2𝑟 𝑑𝑟
∫ → 𝑢 =1−𝑟 → 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑟 → 𝑟 =1−𝑢
(1 − 𝑟)7
2𝑟 𝑑𝑟
∫ → ∫ 2(1 − 𝑢)(𝑢)−7 (−𝑑𝑢) → ∫(2 − 2𝑢)(𝑢)−7 (−𝑑𝑢) → ∫(−2𝑢−7 + 2𝑢−6 𝑑𝑢 =
(1 − 𝑟)7
 1 1 1 2 1 2
= −2 (− 𝑢 −6 ) + 2 (− 𝑢 −5 ) + 𝐶 = 𝑢−6 − 𝑢 −5 + 𝐶 = (1 − 𝑟)−6 − (1 − 𝑟)−5 + 𝐶
6 5 3 5 3 5

18. ∫ 𝑥 3 (2 − 𝑥 2 )12

∫ 𝑥 3 (2 − 𝑥 2 )12 → ∫ 𝑥 2 (2 − 𝑥 2 )12 (𝑥 𝑑𝑥) → 𝑢 = 2 − 𝑥2 → 𝑥2 = 2 − 𝑢

1
2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑑𝑢 → 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1
∫ 𝑥 2 (2 − 𝑥 2 )12 (𝑥 𝑑𝑥) → ∫(2 − 𝑢)(𝑢)12 (− 𝑑𝑢) → ∫(−𝑢12 + 𝑢13 ) 𝑑𝑢 =
2 2
1 13 1 1 1
=− 𝑢 + 𝑢14 + 𝐶 = (2 − 𝑥 2 )14 − (2 − 𝑥 2 )13 + 𝐶
13 28 28 13

19. ∫ √3 − 2𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ √3 − 2𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = 3 − 2𝑥 → 𝑥= (3 − 𝑢)
2
1
𝑑𝑢 = −2 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1 1 1 1
∫ √3 − 2𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑢2 . (3 − 𝑢)2 (− 𝑑𝑢) → − ∫ 𝑢2 (9 − 6𝑢 + 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑢
4 2 8
1 1 3 5 1 2 3 2 5 2 7
− ∫ (9𝑢2 − 6𝑢2 + 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢 = − [9 ( 𝑢2 ) − 6 ( 𝑢2 ) + 𝑢2 ] + 𝐶
8 8 3 5 7
1 3 12 5 2 7 3 3 3 5 1 7
= − (6𝑢2 − 𝑢2 + 𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = − 𝑢2 + 𝑢2 + 𝑢2 + 𝐶 =
8 5 7 4 10 28
3 3 3 5 1 7
= − (3 − 2𝑥)2 + (3 − 2𝑥)2 + (3 − 2𝑥)2 + 𝐶
4 10 28
1
20. ∫(𝑥 3 + 3)4 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
1 1
∫(𝑥 3 + 3)4 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 3 + 3)4 (𝑥 3 )(𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥) → 𝑢 = 𝑥3 + 3

1
𝑥3 = 𝑢 − 3 → 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢 → 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
3
1 1 1 1
∫(𝑥 3 + 3)4 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 3 + 3)4 (𝑥 3 )(𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥) → ∫ 𝑢4 (𝑢 − 3) ( 𝑑𝑢)
3
5 1 1 1 5 1 1 4 9 4 5
∫ (𝑢4 − 3𝑢4 ) 𝑑𝑢 → ∫ 𝑢4 − 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 = ( 𝑢4 ) − 𝑢4 + 𝐶
3 3 3 9 5
4 3 9 4 5
= (𝑥 + 3)4 − (𝑥 3 + 3)4 + 𝐶
27 5
21. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝜃 𝑑𝜃

1 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝜃 𝑑𝜃 → ∫ cos 4 𝜃 (4 𝑑𝜃) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 4𝜃 + 𝐶
4 4
1
22. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 3 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ( 𝑑𝑥) = 3 (−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) + 𝐶 = −3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 3 3 3 3

23. ∫ 6𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

∫ 6𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 → 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 3 (3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥) = −2 cos 𝑥 3 + 𝐶

1
24. ∫ 2 𝑡 cos 4𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

1 1
∫ 𝑡 cos 4𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 → 𝑢 = 4𝑡 2 → 𝑑𝑢 = 8𝑡 𝑑𝑡 → 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑢
2 8
1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑡 cos 4𝑡 2 (𝑡 𝑑𝑡) → ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 ( 𝑑𝑢) → ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 =
2 2 8 16
1 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 4𝑡 2 + 𝐶
16 16
25. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5𝑥 (5 𝑑𝑥) = 𝑡𝑔 5𝑥 + 𝐶
5 5

26. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

1 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 → ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝜃 (2 𝑑𝜃) = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 2𝜃 + 𝐶
2 2

27. ∫ 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

1 1
∫ 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 → ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 3𝑦 2 (6𝑦 𝑑𝑦) = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3𝑦 2 + 𝐶
6 6

28. ∫ 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑟 3 𝑑𝑟

1
∫ 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑟 3 𝑑𝑟 → 𝑢 = 𝑟3 → 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 → 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝑢
3
1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑟 3 (𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟) → ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑟 3 (𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟) → ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( 𝑑𝑢)
3
1 1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑔 𝑢 + 𝐶 = 𝑡𝑔 𝑟 3 + 𝐶
3 3 3
29. ∫ cos 𝑥 (2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)5 𝑑𝑥

∫ cos 𝑥 (2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)5 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 6 1
∫ cos 𝑥 (2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥)5 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝐶 = (2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)6 + 𝐶
6 6
4 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
30. ∫ (1+cos 𝑥)2

4 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ = −4 ∫(1 + cos 𝑥)−2 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) = −4[−(1 + cos 𝑥)−1 ] + 𝐶 =
(1 + cos 𝑥)2

4
= +𝐶
1 + cos 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑥
31.∫ √1 + 3𝑥 𝑥2

1 𝑑𝑥 1 1 𝑑𝑥
∫ √1 + → 𝑢 =1+ → 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑥 → = −3 𝑑𝑢
3𝑥 𝑥 2 3𝑥 3𝑥 2 𝑥2

1 𝑑𝑥 1 2 3
∫ √1 + = ∫ √ 𝑢 − 3 𝑑𝑢 = −3 ∫ √ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −3 ∫ 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢 = −3 ( 𝑢 2 ) + 𝐶 =
3𝑥 𝑥 2 3

3
3 1 2
= −2𝑢2 + 𝐶 = −2 (1 + ) + 𝐶
3𝑥

1 𝑑𝑡
32. ∫ √ 𝑡 − 1 𝑡2

1 𝑑𝑡 1 1 𝑑𝑡
∫√ −1 2 → 𝑢= −1 → 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑡 → = −𝑑𝑢
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡2 𝑡2

1 𝑑𝑡 1 2 3 2 1 3
∫√ −1 2 → ∫ √𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢) → − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑢2 + 𝐶 = − ( − 1) 2 + 𝐶
𝑡 𝑡 3 3 𝑡

3
33. ∫ 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 √1 + cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3
∫ 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 √1 + cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = 1 + cos 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1 3 4 3 4
∫(1 + cos 𝑥)3 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −2 ∫(𝑢)3 𝑑𝑢 = −2 ( 𝑢3 ) + 𝐶 = − (1 + cos 𝑥)3 + 𝐶
4 2

34. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 √2 − cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 √2 − cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 1 1 1 2 3 1 3
∫(2 − cos 2𝑥 )2 (2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥) = . (2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥)2 + 𝐶 = (2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥)2 + 𝐶
2 2 3 3

35. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 → 𝑢 = cos 𝑡 → 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡

1 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 → − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑢3 + 𝐶 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 + 𝐶
3 3

36. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 → 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝜃

1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 → ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢4 + 𝐶 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛4 𝜃 + 𝐶
4 4

37. ∫(𝑡𝑔 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 2𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

∫(𝑡𝑔 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 2𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑡𝑔2 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔2 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =

∫[(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥 − 1) + 2 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥 − 1)] 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =

1 1
= 𝑡𝑔 2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑔 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2
cos 3𝑥
39. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−2𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥

cos 3𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 = −6 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥
cos 3𝑥 1 1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = − (2𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = − √1 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥 + 𝐶
√1 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑥 6 6 3

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3√𝑡
40. ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√𝑡

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3√𝑡 3 −1 𝑑𝑡 2
∫ 𝑑𝑡 → 𝑢 = 3√𝑡 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡 2 → = 𝑑𝑢
√𝑡 2 √𝑡 3

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3√𝑡 2 2 2
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( 𝑑𝑢) = 𝑡𝑔 𝑢 + 𝐶 = 𝑡𝑔 3√𝑡 + 𝐶
√𝑡 3 3 3

(𝑥 2 +2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
41. ∫ √𝑥 3
+3𝑥 2 +1

(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
∫ → 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1 → 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 +1

𝑑𝑢 = 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 1 1 1
∫ → ∫(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1)−2 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
√𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1 3

1 1 2 1 2 1 2
(2𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = 𝑢2 + 𝐶 = (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1)2 + 𝐶 = √𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝐶
3 3 3 3

42. ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)√4 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)√4 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = 4 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 → 𝑑𝑢 = −4𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = −4𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 2 3 1 3
∫ √4 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 [𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)]𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = − ( 𝑢2 ) + 𝐶 = − (4 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 )2 + 𝐶
4 4 3 6

𝑥(3𝑥 2 +1)𝑑𝑥
43. ∫ (3𝑥 4 +2𝑥 2 +1)2

𝑥(3𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥
∫ → 𝑢 = 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 → 𝑑𝑢 = 12𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 = 4𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)
(3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)2

𝑥(3𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 1 1
∫ 4 2 2
= ∫(3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)−2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = (−𝑢−1 ) + 𝐶
(3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1) 4 4

1 1
− (3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)−1 + 𝐶 = − 4 +𝐶
4 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 1

53. Calcule ∫(2𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥 por dois métodos:

a) expandindo (2𝑥 + 1)3 pelo teorema do binômio.

∫(2𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(8𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶1

b) tomando 𝑢 = 2𝑥 + 1

∫(2𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥

1 1 1 1 1
∫(2𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 = ( 𝑢4 ) + 𝐶 = 𝑢4 + 𝐶 = (2𝑥 + 1)4 + 𝐶
2 2 4 8 8
1 1
= (16𝑥 4 + 32𝑥 3 + 24𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶 = 2𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + + 𝐶2
8 8
c) Explique a diferença entre as respostas a) e b).
1
Não há diferença a medida que 𝐶1 = 8 + 𝐶2.

54. Calcule ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2)2 𝑑𝑥 por dois métodos:

a) expandindo (𝑥 2 + 2)2 e multiplicando por 𝑥.

 ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2)2 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 + 4) 𝑑𝑥 → ∫(𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =

1 6
= 𝑥 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶1
6
b) tomando 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 2

∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2)2 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = 𝑥2 + 2 → 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥

1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ( 𝑢3 ) + 𝐶 = (𝑥 2 + 2)3 + 𝐶2
2 2 3 6
1 6 1 4
= (𝑥 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 8) = 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + + 𝐶2
6 6 3
4
Não há diferença a medida que 𝐶1 = 3 + 𝐶2.
1
59. A função custo marginal para um determinado artigo é dada por 𝐶 ′ (𝑥) = 3(5𝑥 + 4)−2 . Se o custo
geral for $ 10, ache a função custo total.

A função custo marginal é a derivada da função do custo total, então:

1
𝐶(𝑥) = ∫ 3(5𝑥 + 4)−2 𝑑𝑢 → 𝑢 = 5𝑥 + 4 → 𝑑𝑢 = 5 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1 3 1 6 1
𝐶(𝑥) = ∫ 3(5𝑥 + 4)−2 𝑑𝑢 = . 3 ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑢2 ) + 𝐾 = (5𝑥 + 4)2 + 𝐾
5 5 5
1
6 12 38
Como 𝐶(0) = 10, 10 = 5 [5(0) + 4)]2 + 𝐾 → 𝐾 = 10 − =
5 5

1
6 38 6 38
Então, a função custo total é 𝐶(𝑥) = 5 (5𝑥 + 4)2 + ou 𝐶(𝑥) = 5 √5𝑥 + 4 + .
5 5

60. Para uma certa mercadoria, a função custo marginal é dada por 𝐶’(𝑥) = 3√2𝑥 + 4. Se o custo geral
for 0, determine a função custo total.

A função custo marginal é a derivada da função do custo total, então:

𝐶(𝑥) = ∫ 3√2𝑥 + 4 → 𝑢 = 2𝑥 + 4 → 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥

1 1 3 2 3 3 3
∫ 3√2𝑥 + 4 = . 3 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ( 𝑢2 ) + 𝐾 = 𝑢2 + 𝐾 = (2𝑥 + 4)2 + 𝐾
2 2 3
3
Como 𝐶(0) = 0, 0 = (2𝑥 + 4)2 + 𝐾 → 𝐾 = −8
3
Então, a função custo total é; 𝐶(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 4)2 − 8
61. Se 𝑥 unidades forem demandadas quando 𝑝 for o preço unitário, ache uma equação envolvendo 𝑝 e
𝑥 (a equação de demanda) de uma mercadoria para a qual a função rendimento marginal é dada por
𝑅’(𝑥) = 4 + 10(𝑥 + 5)−2.

𝑅’(𝑥) = 4 + 10(𝑥 + 5)−2 → 𝑅(𝑥) = ∫ 4 + 10(𝑥 + 5)−2 𝑑𝑥

10
4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 10 ∫(𝑥 + 5)−2 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 10[−(𝑥 + 5)−1 ] = 4𝑥 − +𝐶
𝑥+5
10
Como 𝑅(0) = 0 0=0− +𝐶 → 𝐶=2
5

Se x unidades forem demandadas quando p unidades monetárias for o preço unitário, então
𝑝𝑥 = 𝑅(𝑥).
10
Assim, 𝑝𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥+5 + 2; 𝑝𝑥(𝑥 + 5) = 4𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 10 − 2𝑥 + 10 = 4𝑥 2 + 22𝑥

Logo, 𝑝(𝑥 + 5) = 4𝑥 + 22