Cópia de AULA 04

Inglês p/ AFRFB 2017
Prof a Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte – Aula 04
Oi, pessoal! Tudo bem? Estão avançando nos estudos?
Hoje daremos continuidade ao nosso curso de inglês com a Aula 04 sobre

Comparativos, Superlativos e Orações Condicionais. Também resolveremos
diversas questões da ESAF, como de costume.
Sempre que houver dúvida, não deixe de postá-la no fórum do curso.

Terei a maior satisfação em respondê-la!
Grande abraço e vamos aos estudos!
Marina Marcondes
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1. Exemplos em que o substantivo não pode ser omitido após um

adjetivo.
Poor little baby!

(Tadinho do bebê!)
(NUNCA: Poor little!)
The most important thing for him is his job.

(O mais importante para ele é seu emprego.)
(NUNCA: The most important for him is his job.)
3. Exemplos em que o substantivo pode ser dispensado.
2.1. O artigo “the” seguido de adjetivo refere-se a um determinado conjunto de

pessoas com uma característica social e física semelhante.
the blind - the dead - the deaf - the handicapped - the jobless - the
mentally ill - the old - the poor - the rich - the unemployed - the young
The old are very experienced.

(Os idosos são muito experientes.)
He’s afraid of the dead.

(Ele tem medo dos mortos.)
a) É importante ressaltar que essas expressões com o artigo “the” estão no

plural.
The dead ! the dead people

(NUNCA: the dead person)
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b) Essas expressões também não podem ser empregadas no caso

possessivo (demonstra que algo pertence ou está associado a alguém ou a
algum elemento, por meio do uso de um apóstrofo seguido ou não de “s”).
The life of the rich.

(A vida dos ricos.)
Rich people’s life.

(A vida dos ricos.)
(NUNCA: The rich’s life.)
c) O substantivo não é necessário nas seguintes estruturas:
c.1) MORE ou MANY + adjetivo ! sem substantivo:
There are many young in this city.

(Há muitos jovens nesta cidade.)
c.2) Quando não houver “the” antes do adjetivo ! BOTH + adjetivo + AND +
adjetivo ! sem substantivo:
The company provides the same rights for both men and womem.
(A empresa proporciona os mesmos direitos para homens e mulheres.)
c.3) Adjetivos que indicam nacionalidade terminados em “sh” ou “ch” !

utilizados após o artigo “the” ! sem substantivo:
The Spanish are a very happy.

(Os espanhóis são muito alegres.)
c.4) Em algumas orações ! “the” + adjetivo ! no singular:
the accused (o acusado; a acusada); the undersigned (o abaixo-assinado; a

abaixo-assinada); the deceased (o falecido; a falecida); the former (o primeiro; a
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primeira) e the latter (o último; a última).
c.5) Ideias abstratas ! substantivo pode ser dispensado após o adjetivo:
He is interested in the supernatural.

(Ele é interessado no sobrenatural.)
4. Os adjetivos podem ser acompanhados de vários complementos:
3.1. Preposição + substantivo / Preposição + “ing”
She’s intersted in cookery.

(Ela está interessada em culinária.)
She’s intersted in learning to cook.

(Ela está interessada em aprender a cozinhar.)
3.2. Verbos no infinitivo
She looks sad to see him.

(Ela parece triste ao vê-lo.)
The pizza is ready to eat.

(A pizza está pronta para comer.)
3.3. Orações
My mother is happy that I passed my exams.

(A minha mãe está feliz que eu passei nas provas.)
It’s importante that you drive safe.

(É importante que você dirija com segurança.)
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CONDITIONAL (IF) CLAUSES - ORAÇÕES CONDICIONAIS
As orações condicionais (“if clauses”) expressam a dependência entre

uma circunstância ou condição e um fato ou resultado, que podem ocorrer no
passado, presente ou futuro. Trata-se de períodos compostos, constituídos por
uma oração principal, que demonstra a consequência do cumprimento da
condição e uma oração subordinada condicional (que inicia com “If ou When”),
sendo que a ordem entre as duas orações é variável.
a) A oração condicional pode vir antes ou depois da oração principal. É necessário

usar vírgula quando iniciar a frase.
If she wants to learn how to drive, she has to practice.

(Se ela quer aprender como dirigir, ela tem que praticar.)
b) “If” e “When” podem ser usados um no lugar do outro quando significam

"sempre que"/"toda vez que".
If you put your hand in fire, you will burn yourself.

(Sempre que/Toda vez que você colocar sua mão no fogo, você vai se
queimar.)
c) Quando a condição significar "caso", usa-se “If”:
If it’s sunny today, I’ll go to the beach.

(Se fizer / Caso faça sol hoje, eu irei à praia.)
(NUNCA: When it’s sunny today...)
Observe a diferença de significado:

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- Este tipo de oração condicional refere-se a uma condição não-realizada no

passado, ou seja, algo que teria acontecido se um fato anterior tivesse ocorrido.
Como a ação não se concretizou no passado, tornou-se impossível agora no
presente.
They wouldn't have missed the opportunity if they had paid attention.
(Eles não teriam perdido a oportunidade se tivessem prestado atenção.)
I would have travelled if I had had money.

(Eu teria viajado se tivesse tido dinheiro.)
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PROVAS TRADUZIDAS E COMENTADAS
Órgão: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC)
Cargo: Técnico em Regulação de Aviação Civil
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2015/2016
Read Text 1 and answer questions 1-5

Leia o texto 1 e responda às perguntas 1-5
Text 1
Texto 1
Welcome to the Drone Age

Bem-vindo ao Drone Age
THE scale and scope of the revolution in the use of small,

civilian drones has caught many by surprise. In 2010 America’s
Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) estimated that there would, by
2020, be perhaps 15,000 such drones in the country. More than
that number are now sold there every month. And it is not just
an American craze. Some analysts think the number of drones
made and sold around the world this year will exceed 1 million.
In their view, what is now happening to drones is similar to
what happened to personal computers in the 1980s, when Apple
launched the Macintosh and IBM the PS/2, and such machines
went from being hobbyists’ toys to business essentials.
A importância e o alcance da revolução no uso de
pequenos drones civis surpreenderam muitas pessoas. Em
2010, a Autoridade de Aviação Federal Americana (FAA)
estimou que haveria, até 2020, possivelmente 15.000 desses
drones no país. Atualmente, um número maior do que esse é
vendido lá todos os meses. E não é apenas uma mania
americana. Alguns analistas acreditam que o número de drones
fabricados e vendidos em todo o mundo este ano ultrapassará 1
milhão. Na visão deles, o que está acontecendo agora com os
drones é semelhante ao que aconteceu com os computadores
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pessoais nos anos 80, quando a Apple lançou o Macintosh e a

IBM o PS/2, e tais máquinas passaram de brinquedos amadores
para negócios essenciais.
That is probably an exaggeration. It is hard to think of a

business which could not benefit from a PC, whereas many may
not benefit (at least directly) from drones. But the practical use
of these small, remote-controlled aircraft is expanding rapidly.
These involve areas as diverse as agriculture, landsurveying,
film-making, security, and delivering goods. Other roles for
drones are more questionable. Their use to smuggle drugs and
phones into prisons is growing. Instances have been reported in
America, Australia, Brazil, Britain and Canada, to name but a
few places. In Britain the police have also caught criminals using
drones to scout houses to burgle. The crash of a drone on to the
White House lawn in January highlighted the risk that they
might be used for acts of terrorism. And in June a video
emerged of a graffito artist using a drone equipped with an
aerosol spray to deface one of New York’s most prominent
billboards.
Isso é provavelmente um exagero. É difícil pensar em um
negócio que não poderia se beneficiar com um computador
pessoal, já que muitos podem não se beneficiar (pelo menos
diretamente) com os drones. Mas o uso prático dessas pequenas
aeronaves controladas remotamente está se expandindo
rapidamente. Elas envolvem áreas tão diversas como
agricultura, levantamento topográfico, cinema, segurança e
entrega de mercadorias. Outras funções para os drones são
mais questionáveis. Seu uso para contrabandear drogas e
telefones para as prisões está crescendo. Casos foram relatados
nos Estados Unidos, Austrália, Brasil, Grã-Bretanha e Canadá,
para citar apenas alguns lugares. Na Grã-Bretanha, a polícia
também capturou criminosos utilizando drones para explorar
casas para arrombar. A colisão de um drone no gramado da
Casa Branca em janeiro ressaltou o risco de que eles possam
ser usados para atos de terrorismo. E, em junho, surgiu um
vídeo de um grafiteiro utilizando um drone equipado com um
spray de aerossol para desfigurar um dos outdoors mais
importantes de Nova York.
How all this activity will be regulated and policed is, as the
FAA’s own flat-footed response has shown, not yet being
properly addressed. There are implications for safety (being hit
by an out-of-control drone weighing several kilograms would be
no joke); for privacy, from both the state and nosy neighbours;
and for sheer nuisance — for drones can be noisy. But the new
machines are so cheap, so useful and have so much
unpredictable potential that the best approach to regulation may
simply be to let a thousand flyers zoom.
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Órgão: Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE)
Cargo: Auditor-Fiscal do Trabalho (AFT)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2010
Read the text and answer questions 31-33.

Leia o texto e responda às questões 31-33.
Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly

ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American workers will
be over 50 by 2012, and America is a young country
compared with Japan and Germany. China is also ageing
rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy. This means that
companies will have to learn how to manage older workers
better.
Empresas no mundo rico enfrentam um rápido
envelhecimento da força de trabalho. Quase um em cada três
trabalhadores americanos estará acima dos 50 em 2012 e os
estados Unidos é um país jovem comparado ao Japão e à
Alemanha. A China também está a envelhecendo
rapidamente, graças a sua política do filho único. Isso significa
que as empresas terão de aprender a gerenciar melhor os
trabalhadores mais velhos.
Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a

flicker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was
snuffed out by the recession. The management literature on
older workers is a mere molehill compared with the mountain
devoted to recruiting and retaining the young.
A maioria das companhias são consideravelmente mal
preparadas. Havia uma fagulha de interesse no problema há
alguns anos atrás, mas foi extinta pela recessão. A literatura
sobre gestão dos trabalhadores mais velhos é um pequeno
monte em comparação com a montanha dedicada a recrutar e
reter os jovens.
Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for dealing

with ageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises
and promotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the
burdens of this model by periodically “downsizing” older
workers or encouraging them to take early retirement. This
has created a dual labour market for older workers, of
cosseted insiders on the one hand and unemployed or retired
outsiders on the other.
As empresas ainda estão presas a um modelo antiquado para
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Leia o texto e responder a perguntas 34-37.
Minister calls for wider flexible working rights

Ministro exige direitos trabalhistas flexíveis mais amplos
British government ministers are considering giving all

employees the right to ask for flexible working hours “from
the beginning” of a new job as part of plans to encourage a
fundamental shift in working habits.
Ministros do governo britânico estão considerando conceder a
todos os empregados o direito de solicitar horários de trabalho
flexíveis "desde o início" de um novo emprego como parte dos
planos para incentivar uma mudança fundamental nos hábitos
de trabalho.
The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her

office is working with employers and organisations such as the
federation of small businesses to draw up new ways of
supporting men as well as women and non-parents as well as
parents working more flexible hours.
A Secretária de Trabalho e Pensões, Yvette Cooper, diz que
seu gabinete está trabalhando com empregadores e
organizações, tais como a Federação das pequenas empresas,
para elaborar novas formas de proporcionar horários mais
flexíveis aos homens, às mulheres, às pessoas sem filhos,
assim como aos pais que trabalham.
The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16

and carers, and Cooper wants to extend them. “You want
people to offer flexible working from the beginning and we
need to look again at how the legislation can support different
ways of doing that,” she said.
As regras atuais são limitadas aos pais de crianças menores
de 16 anos e aos cuidadores, e Cooper quer estendê-las.
"Você quer que as pessoas oferecem trabalho flexível desde o
início e nós precisamos rever a forma como a legislação pode
suportar diferentes maneiras de fazer isso", disse ela.
“There will be some areas where it’s not possible to fit round
particular school hours or particular things where the nature
of the business makes it hard – but what you need is the
cultural change for everybody to think differently.” Cooper’s
proposals come as the government announced that fathers
will be given the right to six months’ paternity leave.
"Haverá algumas áreas onde não será possível ajustar alguns
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economic advancement, strengthening individuals, their

families and communities. Such progress, however, hinges on
work that is decent. Decent work sums up the aspirations of
people in their working lives.
O trabalho é fundamental para o bem-estar das pessoas. Além
de proporcionar renda, o trabalho pode abrir o caminho para
um avanço social e econômico mais amplo, fortalecendo os
indivíduos, suas famílias e comunidades. Esse progresso, no
entanto, depende de trabalho respeitável. O trabalho digno
resume as aspirações das pessoas em suas vidas
profissionais.
Tripartism and social dialogue

Tripartismo e diálogo social
The ILO is the only ‘tripartite’ United Nations agency in that it

brings together representatives of governments, employers
and workers to jointly shape policies and programmes. This
unique arrangement gives the ILO an edge in incorporating
‘real world’ knowledge about employment and work.
A OIT é a única agência "tripartida" das Nações Unidas, já que
reúne representantes de governos, empregadores e
trabalhadores para delinearem conjuntamente políticas e
programas. Este arranjo singular concede à OIT uma
vantagem na incorporação de conhecimento do "mundo real"
sobre o emprego e o trabalho.
Source: http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/lang--en/index.htm
Fonte: http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/lang--en/index.htm
38- The International Labour Organization seeks to

A Organização Internacional do Trabalho procura
a) encourage social equality at international level.

incentivar a igualdade social em nível internacional.
b) foster workers’ rights and good working practices.

promover os direitos dos trabalhadores e as boas práticas de trabalho.
c) stamp out protectionism and restrictive practices.

acabar com o protecionismo e com as práticas restritivas.
d) promote national wealth through higher productivity.

promover a riqueza nacional através de uma maior produtividade.
e) overturn protective practices in the workplace.

derrubar as práticas de proteção no local de trabalho.
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progresso humano. Além do mais, ele revela a história

financeira como bastidor essencial por trás de toda a história.
A evolução do crédito e débito foi tão importante como
qualquer inovação tecnológica na ascensão da civilização,
desde a antiga Babilônia até as minas de prata da Bolívia.
Bancos forneceram a base material para o esplendor do
Renascimento Italiano, enquanto o mercado de títulos foi o
fator decisivo nos conflitos desde a Guerra dos Sete Anos até
a Guerra Civil Americana.
With the clarity and verve for which he is famed, Niall

Ferguson explains why the origins of the French Revolution lie
in a stock market bubble caused by a convicted Scots
murderer. He shows how financial failure turned Argentina
from the world’s sixth richest country into an inflation-ridden
basket case – and how a fi nancial revolution is propelling the
world’s most populous country from poverty to power in a
single generation.
Com a clareza e entusiasmo pelos quais ele é famoso, Niall
Ferguson explica por que as origens Revolução Francesa
encontram-se em uma bolha do mercado de ações causada
por um assassino escocês condenado. Ele mostra como
fracasso financeiro transformou a Argentina de sexto país
mais rico do mundo em um caso perdido dominado pela
inflação - e como uma revolução financeira está
impulsionando o país mais populoso do mundo da pobreza ao
poder em uma única geração.
Yet the most important lesson of the world’s financial history

is that sooner or later every bubble bursts – sooner or later
the bearish sellers outnumber the bullish buyers – sooner or
later greed flips into fear. And that’s why, whether you’re
scraping by or rolling in it, there’s never been a better time to
understand the ascent of money.
Ainda assim, a lição mais importante da história financeira
mundial é que cedo ou tarde toda bolha estoura - mais cedo
ou mais tarde os vendedores pessimistas superam os
compradores otimistas - mais cedo ou mais tarde a ganância
transforma-se em medo. E é por isso que, se você está
sobrevivendo com pouco ou rolando nele, nunca houve um
melhor momento para entender a ascensão do dinheiro.
21- This text could best be characterized as

Esse texto poderia ser melhor definido como
a) the abstract of a doctoral dissertation.

o resumo de uma tese de doutorado.
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carros, caminhões, aviões, trens e navios do mundo e

somasse suas emissões a cada ano. A quantidade de dióxido
de carbono ou CO2 que todos aqueles carros, caminhões,
aviões, trens e navios emitem coletivamente para a atmosfera
é realmente inferior às emissões de carbono anuais
provenientes da derrubada e desmatamento de florestas
tropicais em lugares como o Brasil, Indonésia e Congo.
Atualmente, nós estamos perdendo uma floresta tropical do
tamanho do Estado de Nova Iorque todo ano e o carbono que
é liberado na atmosfera agora é responsável por
aproximadamente 17 por cento de todas as emissões globais
que contribuem para as alterações climáticas. [...]
“You need a new model of economic development — one that

is based on raising people’s standards of living by maintaining
their natural capital, not just by converting that natural capital
to ranching or industrial farming or logging,” said José María
Silva, a conservation expert. Right now people protecting the
rainforest are paid a pittance — compared with those who
strip it — even though we now know that the rainforest
provides everything from keeping CO2 out of the atmosphere
to maintaining the flow of freshwater into rivers.
"Você precisa de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento
econômico - um que seja baseado na elevação do padrão de
vida das pessoas através da manutenção de seu capital
natural, não apenas por meio da conversão do capital natural
em pecuária, agricultura industrial ou exploração madeireira",
disse José Maria Silva, um especialista em conservação. Neste
momento, as pessoas que estão protegendo a floresta tropical
recebem uma ninharia - em comparação com aqueles que a
derrubam – apesar de sabermos agora que a floresta tropical
fornece tudo, desde a manutenção do CO2 fora da atmosfera
até a manutenção do fluxo de água doce nos rios.
The good news is that Brazil has put in place all the elements
of a system to compensate its forest-dwellers for maintaining
the forests. Brazil has already set aside 43 percent of the
Amazon rainforest for conservation and for indigenous
peoples. Another 19 percent of the Amazon, though, has
already been deforested by farmers and ranchers.
A boa notícia é que o Brasil colocou no lugar todos os
elementos de um sistema para compensar os seus silvícolas
pela manutenção das florestas. O Brasil já reservou 43 por
cento da floresta amazônica para a conservação e para os
povos indígenas. Outros 19 por cento da Amazônia, no
entanto, já foi desmatada pelos agricultores e pecuaristas.
25- The main message of the first paragraph is that
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Text 3
Texto 3
Source: http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/12/brazil-etf-emerging-
intelligentinvesting-markets.html
Fonte: http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/12/brazil-etf-emerging-
Buy Into Brazil

Acredite no Brasil
David Serchuk [For bes Magazine]

David Serchuk [Para bes Revista]
There’s a lot to like about South America’s biggest

economy. Hosting the Olympics and World Cup doesn’t
hurt either.
Há muito o que gostar sobre a maior economia da América do
Sul. Sediar os Jogos Olímpicos e a Copa do Mundo também
não ofende.
Suddenly everyone is talking about Brazil. This makes sense

considering that the colossus of South America out-hustled
President Obama and his hometown of Chicago to land the
2016 Olympics. It has also benefi ted by being the “B” part of
the BRIC group of emerging nations, in addition to Russia,
India and China. It’s an emerging power that some investors
have just learned about, though the pros have been hip to it
for some time.
De repente, todo mundo está falando sobre o Brasil. Isso faz
sentido, considerando que o colosso da América do Sul venceu
o presidente Obama em Chicago, sua cidade natal, para sediar
as Olimpíadas de 2016. Ele também foi beneficiado por ser a
parte "B" do grupo BRIC de países emergentes, além da
Rússia, Índia e China. É uma potência emergente que alguns
investidores acabaram de conhecer, embora os profissionais já
terem sido informados a respeito dela há algum tempo.
From 2003 through 2007, Brazil ran record trade surpluses,

and its gross domestic product, at $1.99 trillion, is the 10th
largest in the world. It has large and well-developed
agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors, and
its economy is bigger than all other nations in South America
combined. Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets
and, as we have seen, the world’s playing fields.
De 2003 a 2007, o Brasil bateu recordes de superávits
comerciais e seu produto interno bruto, de 1,99 trilhões de
dólares, é o décimo maior do mundo. Ele possui amplos e bem
desenvolvidos setores agrícolas, minerador, manufatureiro e
de serviços e sua economia é maior do que todas as outras
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PROVAS ANTERIORES
Órgão: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC)
Cargo: Técnico em Regulação de Aviação Civil
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2015/2016
Text 1
Welcome to the Drone Age
THE scale and scope of the revolution in the use of small,

civilian drones has caught many by surprise. In 2010
America’s Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) estimated that
there would, by 2020, be perhaps 15,000 such drones in the
country. More than that number are now sold there every
month. And it is not just an American craze. Some analysts
think the number of drones made and sold around the world
this year will exceed 1 million. In their view, what is now
happening to drones is similar to what happened to personal
computers in the 1980s, when Apple launched the Macintosh
and IBM the PS/2, and such machines went from being
hobbyists’ toys to business essentials.
That is probably an exaggeration. It is hard to think of a
business which could not benefit from a PC, whereas many
may not benefit (at least directly) from drones. But the
practical use of these small, remote-controlled aircraft is
expanding rapidly. These involve areas as diverse as
agriculture, landsurveying, film-making, security, and
delivering goods. Other roles for drones are more
questionable. Their use to smuggle drugs and phones into
prisons is growing. Instances have been reported in America,
Australia, Brazil, Britain and Canada, to name but a few
places. In Britain the police have also caught criminals using
drones to scout houses to burgle. The crash of a drone on to
the White House lawn in January highlighted the risk that they
might be used for acts of terrorism. And in June a video
emerged of a graffito artist using a drone equipped with an
aerosol spray to deface one of New York’s most prominent
billboards.
How all this activity will be regulated and policed is, as
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& +) #∃ %&
the FAA’s own flat-footed response has shown, not yet being
properly addressed. There are implications for safety (being
hit by an out-of-control drone weighing several kilograms
would be no joke); for privacy, from both the state and nosy
neighbours; and for sheer nuisance—for drones can be noisy.
But the new machines are so cheap, so useful and have so
much unpredictable potential that the best approach to
regulation may simply be to let a thousand flyers zoom.
[Source: The Economist September 26th 2015- adapted]
1- As used in the text, the word “drone” is best defined as
a) a high-pitched noise which can cause serious annoyance.
b) an unmanned flying machine that has many possible uses.
c) an object used exclusively by criminals for nefarious purposes.
d) a multi-purpose flying aid designed for film-makers and artists.
e) an unstoppable bore which probably needs to be banned.
2- According to the text, five years ago America’s Federal Aviation Authority
a) failed to perceive the importance of personal computers.
b) exaggerated the probable number of drones in circulation today.
c) expected the number of drones to fall below one million soon.
d) seriously underestimated the number of drones sold today.
e) condoned the use of unmanned aircraft for illegal ends.
3- The concluding sentence of the text suggests that the best policy for drones
may be to regulate them
a) for safety and privacy reasons.
b) as strictly as possible.
c) for cost and reliability.
d) as often as possible.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& +∗ #∃ %&
e) as little as possible.
4- In Paragraph 2 line 11, the verbs “to scout” and “to burgle” mean
respectively
a) to survey and to break into.
b) to access and to police.
c) to look down on and to shoot.
d) to eavesdrop and to harass.
e) to film and to embezzle.
5- The word “whereas” in Paragraph 2 line 2 could best be replaced by
a) since.
b) once.
c) moreover.
d) while.
e) because.
Text 2
Busy air traffic control facilities lack enough controllers
WASHINGTON — Thirteen of America’s busiest air traffic

control facilities are suffering from a shortage of air traffic
controllers, a problem that demands “urgent attention,” a
government watchdog told lawmakers on Tuesday. The
facilities also are under stress because a large share of their
controllers are still being trained and are not yet competent to
work on their own, he said. Many of their experienced
controllers also are eligible to retire, Hampton said.
Officials with the National Air Traffic Controllers

Association, the union representing controllers, also
complained about the difficulty in moving an experienced
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ++ #∃ %&
controller from a less-busy workplace to a busy one. Managers

are reluctant to let workers go for fear they won’t be readily
replaceable, he said. And employees may oppose moving to
an area where the cost of living is higher — New York, for
example.
Washington Post 6/12/15 [adapted]
6- In relation to air traffic controllers, the text expresses concern that
a) they are too retiring.
b) there are too many of them.
c) there are too few of them.
d) they are mainly immovable.
e) they are usually incompetent.
7- The expression “a government watchdog” in Paragraph 1 line 3 and 4 refers

to
a) a specially trained sniffer canine at airports.
b) an official inspector or inspection committee.
c) a state paymaster and his acolytes.
d) a presidential aircraft supervisor.
e) an understaffed civil service department.
8- According to Paragraph 1, many air traffic controllers
a) are suffering from stress.
b) are currently uneducated.
c) demand frequent attention.
d) still need supervision at work.
e) do not get on with their colleagues.
9- Objections to changing place of work may come from
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& +, #∃ %&
a) trades unions and Congressmen.
b) workers and the unemployed.
c) workers’ wives or husbands and families.
d) employees in training and experienced workers.
e) air traffic controllers and their superiors.
Órgão: Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE)
Cargo: Auditor-Fiscal do Trabalho (AFT)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2010
Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly

ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American workers will
be over 50 by 2012, and America is a young country
compared with Japan and Germany. China is also ageing
rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy. This means that
companies will have to learn how to manage older workers
better.
Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a fl

icker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was
snuffed out by the recession. The management literature on
older workers is a mere molehill compared with the mountain
devoted to recruiting and retaining the young. Companies are
still stuck with an antiquated model for dealing with ageing,
which assumes that people should get pay rises and
promotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the
burdens of this model by periodically “downsizing” older
workers or encouraging them to take early retirement. This
has created a dual labour market for older workers, of
cosseted insiders on the one hand and unemployed or retired
outsiders on the other.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& +% #∃ %&
But this model cannot last. The number of young people,

particularly those with valuable science and engineering skills,
is shrinking. And governments are raising retirement ages and
making it more diffi cult for companies to shed older workers,
in a desperate attempt to cope with their underfunded pension
systems.
Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition [adapted]
31- According to the text, businesses
a) are fully prepared to deal with an ancient workforce.
b) cannot cope with an infl ux of elderly workers.
c) are incapable of growing old gracefully.
d) must get rid of older workers through streamlining operations.
e) must learn to deal with the need to keep older staff employed.
32- In paragraph 2, the author claims that the recent economic

recession has
a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among younger workers.
b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business to increase.
c) extinguished what little interest firms had shown in how to manage an older
staff.
d) made a mountain of business management out of a managerial molehill.
e) led many firms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staff reductions.
33- The text suggests that the governments of industrialized countries

are
a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of their workforce.
b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensive pensions.
c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of age.
d) making desperate attempts to cope with an ineffi cient labour market.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,− #∃ %&
e) regretting their generosity to workers who have taken early retirement.
Minister calls for wider flexible working rights
British government ministers are considering giving all

employees the right to ask for fl exible working hours “from
the beginning” of a new job as part of plans to encourage a
fundamental shift in working habits.
The Work and Pensions Secretary, Yvette Cooper, says her

office is working with employers and organisations such as the
federation of small businesses to draw up new ways of
supporting men as well as women and non-parents as well as
parents working more flexible hours.
The current rules are limited to parents of children under 16

and carers, and Cooper wants to extend them. “You want
people to offer flexible working from the beginning and we
need to look again at how the legislation can support different
ways of doing that,” she said.
“There will be some areas where it’s not possible to fi t round

particular school hours or particular things where the nature
of the business makes it hard – but what you need is the
cultural change for everybody to think differently.” Cooper’s
proposals come as the government announced that fathers
will be given the right to six months’ paternity leave.
There will be a legal right to take the mother’s place at home

for the last three months of a nine-month maternity break;
they would receive £123 a week in statutory pay. Fathers
would then be entitled to take a further three months’ unpaid
leave. The move was criticised by some business leaders.
(From: The Guardian, Friday 29 January 2010 -slightly adapted)
34- According to the text, current British laws on working timetables

are designed mainly for
a) women who work as secretaries for the government.
b) parents of young children and teenagers, as well as care workers.
c) men who have been in their current jobs for some time.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,∀ #∃ %&
d) women extending their maternity leave with unpaid work.
e) those who want a change in the cultural mentality of businesses.
35- With regard to paternity leave, the government has given men the
right to
a) take six months’ paid leave as soon as their baby is born.
b) care for a baby if the mother returns to work within three months.
c) receive their full salary to look after the baby for three out of the first six
months.
d) take a three-month break receiving payment when the baby is six months
old.
e) stay at home with the baby’s mother on unpaid leave for six months.
36- The Work and Pensions Secretary
a) a has been personally attacked by company bosses who dislike her plans.
b) believes fl exible working hours are a drawback for many workers.
c) is seeking employers’ cooperation for new proposals on working hours.
d) shows scant regard for the needs of parents wanting fl exible timetables.
e) wants pensions to be paid to fathers who care for their neonate infants.
37- Ms Cooper hopes her new proposals will give more flexible working
hours
a) from the outset, to workers of both genders.
b) to fathers of babies, concurrently with mothers.
c) after six months, to those established in their jobs.
d) to senior staff who want to start a family.
e) to parents and youth workers up to the age of sixteen.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,& #∃ %&

The International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to

advancing opportunities for women and men to obtain decent
and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security
and human dignity. Its main aims are to promote rights at
work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance
social protection and strengthen dialogue in handling work-
related issues.
Origins and history
The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive

war, to pursue a vision based on the premise that universal,
lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon
decent treatment of working people. The ILO became the first
specialized agency of the UN in 1946.
ILO’s vision of decent work
Work is central to people’s well-being. In addition to providing

income, work can pave the way for broader social and
economic advancement, strengthening individuals, their
families and communities. Such progress, however, hinges on
work that is decent. Decent work sums up the aspirations of
people in their working lives.
Tripartism and social dialogue
The ILO is the only ‘tripartite’ United Nations agency in that it

brings together representatives of governments, employers
and workers to jointly shape policies and programmes. This
unique arrangement gives the ILO an edge in incorporating
‘real world’ knowledge about employment and work.
Source: http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/lang--en/index.htm
38- The International Labour Organization seeks to
a) encourage social equality at international level.
b) foster workers’ rights and good working practices.
c) stamp out protectionism and restrictive practices.
d) promote national wealth through higher productivity.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,∋ #∃ %&
e) overturn protective practices in the workplace.
39- The founders of the ILO believed that
a) the people must wake up again after a damaging war.
b) decent social rights must be promoted by advanced countries.
c) individuals’ mercenary aims reinforce community life.
d) good working conditions are essential to maintain world peace.
e) the ILO favours tripartite progress between men, women and the UN.
40- The phrase “gives the ILO an edge” [paragraph 4 line 4] means
a) offers the ILO a shove.
b) cuts the ILO to the quick.
c) sends the ILO to the rearguard.
d) lumps the ILO together with.
e) provides the ILO with an advantage.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,( #∃ %&
Órgão: Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão (MPOG)
Cargo: Analista de Planejamento e Orçamento (APO)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2010
Text 1
Source:http://www.niallferguson.com/site/FERG/Templates/General.
aspx?pageid=194
The Ascent of Money

Synopsis
Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot: Call it what you like, it

matters. To Christians, love of it is the root of all evil. To
generals, it’s the sinews of war. To revolutionaries, it’s the
chains of labour. But in The Ascent of Money, Niall Ferguson
shows that finance is in fact the foundation of human
progress. What’s more, he reveals financial history as the
essential back-story behind all history. The evolution of credit
and debt was as important as any technological innovation in
the rise of civilization, from ancient Babylon to the silver
mines of Bolivia. Banks provided the material basis for the
splendours of the Italian Renaissance, while the bond market
was the decisive factor in confl icts from the Seven Years’ War
to the American Civil War.
With the clarity and verve for which he is famed, Niall

Ferguson explains why the origins of the French Revolution lie
in a stock market bubble caused by a convicted Scots
murderer. He shows how financial failure turned Argentina
from the world’s sixth richest country into an inflation-ridden
basket case – and how a financial revolution is propelling the
world’s most populous country from poverty to power in a
single generation.
Yet the most important lesson of the world’s fi nancial history

is that sooner or later every bubble bursts – sooner or later
the bearish sellers outnumber the bullish buyers – sooner or
later greed flips into fear. And that’s why, whether you’re
scraping by or rolling in it, there’s never been a better time to
understand the ascent of money.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,) #∃ %&
21- This text could best be characterized as
a) the abstract of a doctoral dissertation.
b) a detailed review of a book on economics.
c) a defense of money for publication in the popular press.
d) publicity summarizing a recently-published book.
e) a psychological explanation of the power of money.
22- The five words that open the text [Bread, cash, dosh, dough, loot]
in paragraph 1 line 1 are
a) economic jargon for the proceeds of human labour.
b) synonyms for money in colloquial usage.
c) alternative expressions meaning profit.
d) everyday words for things money can buy.
e) indications of the evil referred to in the next line.
23- The pronoun ‘it’ in paragraph 3 line 5 refers to
a) fear
b) greed
c) bubble
d) scraping
e) money
24- The writer of the book attempts to prove that money is
a) a serious cause of harm.
b) a vital resource in times of war.
c) essentially a question of surface bubbles.
d) at the root of all human advanced.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,∗ #∃ %&
e) usually an expendable asset.
Text 2
Source: The New York Times November 11, 2009 [slightly adapted]
Trucks, Trains and Trees

By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
No matter how many times you hear them, there are some
statistics that just bowl you over. The one that always stuns
me is this: Imagine if you took all the cars, trucks, planes,
trains and ships in the world and added up their exhaust every
year. The amount of carbon dioxide, or CO2, all those cars,
trucks, planes, trains and ships collectively emit into the
atmosphere is actually less than the carbon emissions every
year that result from the chopping down and clearing of
tropical forests in places like Brazil, Indonesia and the Congo.
We are now losing a tropical forest the size of New York State
every year, and the carbon that releases into the atmosphere
now accounts for roughly 17 percent of all global emissions
contributing to climate change. […]
“You need a new model of economic development — one that

is based on raising people’s standards of living by maintaining
their natural capital, not just by converting that natural capital
to ranching or industrial farming or logging,” said José María
Silva, a conservation expert. Right now people protecting the
rainforest are paid a pittance — compared with those who
strip it — even though we now know that the rainforest
provides everything from keeping CO2 out of the atmosphere
to maintaining the flow of freshwater into rivers.
The good news is that Brazil has put in place all the elements
of a system to compensate its forest-dwellers for maintaining
the forests. Brazil has already set aside 43 percent of the
Amazon rainforest for conservation and for indigenous
peoples. Another 19 percent of the Amazon, though, has
already been deforested by farmers and ranchers.
25- The main message of the first paragraph is that
a) deforestation is less damaging to the environment than was traditionally

believed.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,+ #∃ %&
b) vehicles driven by standard fuels are responsible for 17% of all CO2
emissions.
c) the statistics surrounding forest clearance are grossly exaggerated.
d) it is time to limit the CO2 emissions from the world’s fleet of cars and trucks.
e) forest clearance causes more CO2 emissions than all the world’s vehicles
together.
26- The new model of economic development advocated in the text

involves
a) offering adequate fi nancial reward to those who preserve the forest.
b) raising people’s living standards through squandering natural capital.
c) putting a ban on large-scale cattle farming, planting and wood extraction.
d) making farmers pay for the fl ow of freshwater they use in the Amazon.
e) paying small sums of money to inhabitants who can keep trees standing.
27- The writer ‘s view of Brazilian action shows
a) sharp criticism of Brazil’s failure to curb deforestation.
b) mixture of praise for new policies and regret for past destruction.
c) unqualified praise for Brazil’s far-sightedness.
d) a 43% approval rating for government policy for the region.
e) a 19% disapproval rating for farming and ranching in the Amazon.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,, #∃ %&
Text 3
Source: http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/12/brazil-etf-emerging-
Buy Into Brazil

David Serchuk [For bes Magazine]
There’s a lot to like about South America’s biggest

economy. Hosting the Olympics and World Cup doesn’t
hurt either.
Suddenly everyone is talking about Brazil. This makes sense

considering that the colossus of South America out-hustled
President Obama and his hometown of Chicago to land the
2016 Olympics. It has also benefi ted by being the “B” part of
the BRIC group of emerging nations, in addition to Russia,
India and China. It’s an emerging power that some investors
have just learned about, though the pros have been hip to it
for some time.
From 2003 through 2007, Brazil ran record trade surpluses,

and its gross domestic product, at $1.99 trillion, is the 10th
largest in the world. It has large and well-developed
agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors, and
its economy is bigger than all other nations in South America
combined. Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets
and, as we have seen, the world’s playing fields.
There are also some signifi cant drawbacks to Brazil. Despite

its potent GDP, rampant income inequality means that its per
capita wealth is 102nd in the world, slightly behind the global
average and noted powerhouse Serbia. Brazil’s richest 10%
reaps 43% of its wealth; in the U.S. that number is 30%.
Brazil’s bottom 10% earns a minuscule 1.1%. Still, there is a
lot to like here, and our industry observers are ready to buy.
28- The writer’s attitude to investment in Brazil is
a) out and out enthusiasm for the country’s prospects.
b) reluctant dismissal of Brazil’s potential.
c) encouragement with minor reservations.
d) unmitigated acclaim for the world’s 10th largest economy.
e) deliberate analysis of various pitfalls for investors.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ,% #∃ %&
29- Paragraph 1 of the text refers to Brazil’s hosting of the 2016

Olympic Games as
a) one in the eye for US investors looking for good prospects.
b) a Brazilian victory in long-standing bitter economic rivalry with the USA.
c) an example of unfair practices in Brazilian commercial behavior.
d) an explanation of why Brazil is a new focus of attention.
e) a good reason to invest in Brazil for quick investment profi ts.
30- Calling Brazil “the “B” part of the BRIC group of emerging nations”
[paragraph 1 line 4], indicates that
a) compared to Russia, India and China, Brazil’s growth is second-rate.
b) the acronym BRIC contains an explicit reference to Brazil.
c) Brazil’s economy is till only grade B for investors.
d) Brazil lags behind the A-rated industrialized countries.
e) emerging nations are now only slightly behind developed countries.
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& %− #∃ %&
26. A
27. B
28. C
29. D
30. B
!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& %& #∃ %&

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Inglês p/ AFRFB 2017

Prof a Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte – Aula 04

Oi, pessoal! Tudo bem? Estão avançando nos estudos?

Hoje daremos continuidade ao nosso curso de inglês com a Aula 04 sobre

Sempre que houver dúvida, não deixe de postá-la no fórum do curso.

Grande abraço e vamos aos estudos!

!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& & #∃ %&

1. Exemplos em que o substantivo não pode ser omitido após um

Poor little baby!

The most important thing for him is his job.

3. Exemplos em que o substantivo pode ser dispensado.

2.1. O artigo “the” seguido de adjetivo refere-se a um determinado conjunto de

The old are very experienced.

He’s afraid of the dead.

a) É importante ressaltar que essas expressões com o artigo “the” estão no

The dead ! the dead people

!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& ∀& #∃ %&

b) Essas expressões também não podem ser empregadas no caso

The life of the rich.

Rich people’s life.

c) O substantivo não é necessário nas seguintes estruturas:

c.1) MORE ou MANY + adjetivo ! sem substantivo:

There are many young in this city.

c.3) Adjetivos que indicam nacionalidade terminados em “sh” ou “ch” !

The Spanish are a very happy.

c.4) Em algumas orações ! “the” + adjetivo ! no singular:

the accused (o acusado; a acusada); the undersigned (o abaixo-assinado; a

primeira) e the latter (o último; a última).

c.5) Ideias abstratas ! substantivo pode ser dispensado após o adjetivo:

He is interested in the supernatural.

4. Os adjetivos podem ser acompanhados de vários complementos:

3.1. Preposição + substantivo / Preposição + “ing”

She’s intersted in cookery.

She’s intersted in learning to cook.

3.2. Verbos no infinitivo

She looks sad to see him.

The pizza is ready to eat.

My mother is happy that I passed my exams.

It’s importante that you drive safe.

CONDITIONAL (IF) CLAUSES - ORAÇÕES CONDICIONAIS

As orações condicionais (“if clauses”) expressam a dependência entre

a) A oração condicional pode vir antes ou depois da oração principal. É necessário

If she wants to learn how to drive, she has to practice.

b) “If” e “When” podem ser usados um no lugar do outro quando significam

If you put your hand in fire, you will burn yourself.

c) Quando a condição significar "caso", usa-se “If”:

If it’s sunny today, I’ll go to the beach.

Observe a diferença de significado:

- Este tipo de oração condicional refere-se a uma condição não-realizada no

I would have travelled if I had had money.

!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& &− #∃ %&

PROVAS TRADUZIDAS E COMENTADAS

Órgão: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC)

Cargo: Técnico em Regulação de Aviação Civil

Read Text 1 and answer questions 1-5

Welcome to the Drone Age

THE scale and scope of the revolution in the use of small,

!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& &∀ #∃ %&

pessoais nos anos 80, quando a Apple lançou o Macintosh e a

That is probably an exaggeration. It is hard to think of a

!!!∀#∃%&∋%#()∋∗+,∗−&∃+∃∀∗+.∀/& && #∃ %&

Órgão: Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE)

Cargo: Auditor-Fiscal do Trabalho (AFT)

Read the text and answer questions 31-33.