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MATEMÁTICA BÁSICA
bd bd
a c a c da bc
b
+ d
= b d = bd
bd
3 7 3 7
2 5 2 5 14 15 29
Ex. 1) 3
+ 7
= 3 7 = 21
= 21
3 7
5 7 5 7
4 2 4 2 28 10 18
Ex. 2) 5
- 7
= 5 7 = 35
= 35
5 7
bd f bd f bd f
a c e a c e
b
+ d
+ f = b d f =
bd f
( d f ) a (b f ) c (b d ) e
bd f
7 5 4 7 5 4 7 5 4
5 2 3 5 2 3
Ex. 3) 7
+ 5
- 4
= 7 5 4 =
7 5 4
20 5 28 2 35 3 51
= 20 7 = 140
Resolver:
2 1 3 1 8 4
a) 7
+ 9
b) 7
- 5
c) 11
- 5
1 2 3 4 3 4 5 2 4
d) e) f)
4 9 7 9 8 11 3 9 5
2 – Divisão de frações
a c
É só inverter a 2ª fração e multiplicar
b d
a c a d ad
= =
b d b c bc
2 4 2 7 14 7
Ex. 1) = = =
3 7 3 4 12 6
5
8 5 3 15
Ex. 2) = =
4 8 4 32
3
2 5 82 5 5 41
5 8 58 40 41 14 287
Ex. 3) = = = =
4 1 87 1 40 1 20
7 2 27 14
Resolver:
11 2 4 8 3 1
a) b) c)
23 5 3 9 7 8
2 4 15 1 7 1 4 7
d) e)
3 7 4 2 3 5 3 8
Ex. 2) +5 – (-8) 5 + 8 = 11
Resolver:
a) -9 + 12 – (-14) = b) 13 + (-9) – 3 =
g) (-5)2 = h) (-2)5 =
Resolver:
a) 3x = -7 b) 15x = 3
3x – 12 + 12 = 12 – 13 3x = -1 x = -1/3
Resolver:
a) 4x + 12 = 6 b) 7x + 13 = 9
c) -5x – 9 = 6 d) 3x + 15 = 0
5x – 2x – 13 = -2x + 2x + 7
3x – 13 + 13 = 7 + 13 3x = 20 x = 20/3
Resolver:
a) 3x + 9 = 5x + 3 b) -2x + 3 = 12 + 3x
c) 7x – 13 = -3x + 7 d) 9x – 2 = 6x + 4
e) (2 – x) – (7 – 3x) = 5 + 6x
Resolver:
a) 3x2 = 12 b) x2 = 7
x–2=0 x=2
Resulta (x – 2)x = 0
x=0 x=0
Resolver:
a) 4x2 – 8x = 0 b) x2 + 3x = 0
c) 3x2 + 7x = 0 d) x2 – 5x = 0
Forma: ax2 + bx + c = 0
b
Fórmula: x = ou x’ = (-b + ) / 2a x” = (-b - )/2a
2a
Ex. 1) 2x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
= 25 4 2 2 = 25 16 = 9 =3
Resolver:
a) x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 b) x2 – 6x + 8 = 0
c) 3x2 + 11x + 8 = 0
10 – Radicais
n
Am A = radicando; n = índice da raiz e m = expoente do radicando
n
Am = Am/n (fórmula geral)
Ex. 1) 4 = 2
22 = 22/2 = 21 = 2
Ex. 2) 3
27 = 3
33 = 3
Ex. 3) 5
1024 = 5
210 = 210/5 = 22 = 4
Ex. 4) x =
2
x x = x2 =x
Ex. 1) x x = x2 = x2/2 = x
Ex. 2) x y = xy
Ex. 3) 3
8 = 3
23 =2
2
64 82 8 8
Ex. 4) = = = 9
81 92 9
xn
Ex. 5) = x n ( n 2) = x2 =x
xn2
Ex. 6) 16 = 24 = 24 / 2 = 2
Resolver:
a) 3
729 b) 3
64 c) 5
710
d) 4
81 e) ( x 2) 2 f) 81
12 – Exponenciais
Ax - A é a base, x é o expoente
P1) Ax Ay = Ax+y
P2) Ax / Ay = Ax-y
1 A
x
Ax
P5) x
A x e = = Ax . B-x
A B Bx
523
Ex. 4) = 523-20 = 53 = 52 5 = 25 5 = 125
520
Resolver:
74
4
3
a) 210 b) c) d) 16 2-3
72 2
13 - Propriedade distributiva
1) A (B + C) = A B + A C
Ex. 1) 2(4 + x) = 8 + 2x
= 3x – 6 – x2 + 2x = -x2 + 5x – 6
Resolver:
a) (x - 7 )(x + 7 ) b) (a + b)(a + b)
c) (2 + 3 )(2 - 3 ) d) (2 + x )(3 + 2 x )
Ex. 1) (x – 2)2 = x2 – 4x + 4
Resolver:
x2 – a2 = (x – a)(x + a)
Ex. 1) x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2)
Ex. 2) x2 – 3 = (x - 3 )(x + 3 )
Ex. 3) x2 – A = (x - A )(x + A )
Resolver:
a) ( 3 - 2)( 3 + 2) = b) x2 – 16 =
c) x2 – 7 = d) (2 + 3 )(2 - 3 ) =
16 – Trinômio ao quadrado
Resolver:
a) (x + y + 1)2 b) (x – y +2)2
17 – Binômio ao cubo
(a + b)3 = (a + b)2 (a + b)
Ex. 2) x x + x2 = x( x + x)
5 x ( x 3) 2 4 x 2 ( x 3) x ( x 3) 5 x 3 4 x 5 x 15 4 x
Ex. 3) x ( x 3)( x 2)
= x x 3 x 2
= x 2 =
9 x 15
x 2
Resolver:
a)
8 x2 4x
= b)
3x
x 1 2 x 1 =
2x 1 3 x 1
a b 2 x 2
4
c) a b = d) x 2 =
1 n
An 1 1 n
An 1 n
An 1
Ex. 1) n n = =
A n
An 1 A n
An A
1 2 1 2
Ex. 2) 2
= 2
2
=
2
9 3
32 9 9 3 32 9 3 32
Ex. 3) 3 33 9
3
3 3
32 3 3
33 3
Resolver:
3 3 2 1
a) 3
b) 3 c) 4 d) 3
5 3 9
x x x x x (x x ) x (x x) x x
Ex.1) x x
(x x ) (x x)
x 2
x
x ( x 1)
x 1
3 3 2 3 3 (2 3 ) 3 (2 3 )
Ex. 2) 3( 2 3)
2 3 (2 3 ) (2 3) 2 2
2
1
Resolver :
1 1 2
a) 1 2
b) 1 x
c) x 1
7 1 1
d) 3 7
e) a b
f) 3 2
Resolver:
a) x x b) 2 x 1 c) 5 x2 1 3
d) 2 x x e) x 1 x
3 x 2 y 12 1)
x y 5 2)
Resolver:
a) 2x + y = 12 b) 3x + 2y = 4
x + 7y = 19 x-y = 2
c) 2x + 3y = 8 d) x - y =3
3x + 4y = 11 2x + y = 9
e) 343/792 ; f) 147/135
3) a)17 ; b) 1 ; c) 15 ; d) –26 ; e) 49 ;
f) 54 ; g) 25 ; h) –32
4) a) x= -7/3 ; b) x=1/5
5) a) –3/2 ; b) -4/7 ; c) x= -3 ; d) x= - 5
7) a) x= 2 ; b) x = 7
d) x=0 e x= 5
11) a) 9 ; b) 4 ; c) 49 ; d) 3 ; e) x + 2 ; f) 3
14) a) x2 – 6x +9 ; b) a2 + 4a + 4 ; c) x2 +2xy + y2
18) a) 4x ; b) x - 2 ; c) a + b ; d) x+ 2
19) a) 3 ; b) 3 3
25 /5 ; c) 2 4 27 /3 ; d) 3
81 / 9
20) a) 2 - 1 ; b) (1 + x ) / (1 - x) ; c) 2 ( x -1 ) / (x -1)
d) (7/2).(3 - 5 ) ; e) ( a - b )/ (a2 – b2 ) ; f) 3 - 2
d) x=4 e x= 1 ; e) x= ( 1 5 )/2