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QUESTÃO 1
Neste caso, as colunas (ou linhas) da matriz de rigidez global são geradas a partir
das imposições de deslocamentos unitários na direção e sentido das coordenadas globais.
Deve-se lembrar que os demais deslocamentos devem permanecer nulos (impedidos).
QUESTÃO 3
O problema tratado apresenta certa simplicidade, visto que a aplicação direta do
roteiro apresentado ao final da lista conduz a solução. O mais importante é o entendimento
do processo.
4⋅ EI 2⋅ EI 8⋅ EI 4⋅ EI 16⋅ EI 8⋅ EI 8⋅ EI 4⋅ EI
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 6 6 3 3
r1 := ; r2 := ; r3 := ; r4 := .
2⋅ EI 4⋅ EI 4⋅ EI 8⋅ EI 8⋅ EI 16⋅ EI
4⋅ EI 8⋅ EI
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 6 6 3 3
0 1 0 0 0 ; 0 0 1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 0 0 ; 0 0 0 1 0 .
β 1 := β 2 := β 3 := β 4 :=
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 2.667 × 104 0 1.333 × 104 0
R3 = 0 0 R4 =
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
4 4
0 1.333 × 104 0 2.667 × 104 0 0 0 0 2.667 × 10 1.333 × 10
4 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.333 × 10 2.667 × 10
A matriz de rigidez global da estrutura é dada então pelo soma das matrizes
globais dos quatro elementos:
Rg := R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
67.5 3.75
P0.3 = P0.4 =
−67.5 −3.75
O vetor de forças equivalentes é dado por:
0
−67.5
Feq := − β 1 ⋅ P0.1 + β 2 ⋅ P0.2 + β 3 ⋅ P0.3 + β 4 ⋅ P0.4
T T T T
Feq = 0
63.75
3.75
0
− 67.5
{F} = {Fa } + {Fr } + {Feq } = Fr 3 ; com [ Fa ] = 0 .
63.75
3.75
Donde:
4.424 × 10− 4
− 4
−8.851 10
×
u = 0
−3
1.579 × 10
− 4
−6.484 × 10
Deslocamentos locais:
δ1 := β 1⋅ u δ2 := β 2⋅ u δ3 := β 3⋅ u δ4 := β 4⋅ u
−8.851 × 10− 4
−8.851 × 10− 4 0 δ3 =
δ1 = δ2 = −3
−4 −4
−8.851 × 10 1.579 × 10
4.424 × 10
1.579 × 10− 3
δ4 =
− 4
−6.484 × 10
Esforços de extremidade:
Reações de apoio:
T T T T
Fr := β 1 ⋅ P1 + β 2 ⋅ P2 + β 3 ⋅ P3 + β 4 ⋅ P4
−4.425 × 10− 3
0.036
Fr = −23.603
1.505 × 10− 4
7.424 × 10− 3
EI := 10000
Matrizes de Rigidez locais de cada elemento finito:
4⋅ EI 2⋅ EI 4⋅ EI 2⋅ EI
3 3
r1 :=
32 32 3⋅ EI
r2 := r3 := 4
2⋅ EI 4⋅ EI
32 32 2⋅ EI 4⋅ EI
3 3
1 0 0 0 1 0
β 1 := β 2 := β 3 := ( 0 0 1 )
0 1 0 0 0 1
Matrizes de rigidez dos elementos nas coordenadas globais do problema:
T T T
R1 := β 1 ⋅ r1 ⋅ β 1 R2 := β 2 ⋅ r2 ⋅ β 2 R3 := β 3 ⋅ r3 ⋅ β 3
Rg := R1 + R2 + R3
20⋅ 23 20⋅ 42
+ 20⋅ 32
42 12
P0.1 := P0.2 := 12 − 10
2
P0.3 := 2
20⋅ 23 20⋅ 42
− 20⋅ 3
− 2 + 12 12
4
36.667
P0.1 =
15
P0.2 = P0.3 = ( −5 )
−36.667 −15
δ1 := β 1⋅ u δ2 := β 2⋅ u δ3 := β 3⋅ u
0 8.357 × 10− 4
δ1 = −4
− 4
δ2 = δ3 = 6.927 × 10
8.357 × 10 − 4
6.927 × 10
Pode-se então calcular agora os esforços em cada barra (vetores locais) considerando as reações
de extremidade advindas das tabelas de engastamento e os deslocamentos e rigidezes locais de
cada elemento. Sendo assim:
P1 := P0.1 + r1 ⋅ δ1
P2 := P0.2 + r2 ⋅ δ2 P3 := P0.3 + r3 ⋅ δ3
4𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑟𝑖= 𝑙 𝑙
2𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑙 𝑙
42000 21000
𝑟 1 =
21000 42000
56000 28000
𝑟 2 =
28000 56000
2) Matrizes de incidência cinemática 𝛽 𝑖 :
1 0 0
𝛽 1 =
0 0 1
0 0 1
𝛽 2 =
0 1 0
𝑇
3) Matriz de rigidez da estrutura 𝑅 = 𝛽 𝑖 . 𝑟 𝑖. 𝛽 𝑖 :
1 0 42000 0 21000
42000 21000 1 0 0
𝑅 1 = 0 0 . . = 0 0 0
21000 42000 0 0 1
0 1 21000 0 42000
0 0 0 0 0
56000 28000 0 0 1
𝑅 2 = 0 1 . . = 0 56000 28000
28000 56000 0 1 0
1 0 0 28000 56000
𝑝𝑙 2 20. 42
+ +
12 12 26,667
𝑃0 1 = = =
𝑝𝑙 2 20. 42 −26,667
− −
12 12
𝐸𝐼 42000
. 𝛼 . (∆𝑡𝑖 − ∆𝑡𝑠 ) . 10−5 . (−20 − 20)
𝑃0 = ℎ 𝑡 =
0,4
=
−42
2 𝐸𝐼 42000 42
− . 𝛼𝑡 . (∆𝑡𝑖 − ∆𝑡𝑠 ) − . 10−5 . (−20 − 20)
ℎ 0,4
5) Vetores das ações nodais 𝐹 = 𝐹𝐴 + 𝐹𝑅 + 𝐹𝑒𝑞 𝐹𝑒𝑞 =− 𝛽 𝑇𝑖 . 𝑃0 𝑖 :
1 0 0 0 −26,667
26,667 −42
𝐹𝑒𝑞 = − 0 0 . − 0 1 . = −42
−26,667 42
0 1 1 0 68,667
0
𝐹𝐴 = 0
−20
0
𝐹𝑅 = Fr2
0
0 0 −26,667 −26,667
𝐹 = 0 + Fr2 + −42 = Fr2 − 42
−20 0 68,667 48,667
Das equações 1 e 3
𝑢1 −9,892 −4
𝑢3 = 7,086 . 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑
Portanto
−9,892
𝑢 = 0 . 10−4 𝑟𝑎𝑑
7,086
Da equação 2:
−9,892
1 0 0 −9,892
𝛿 1 = . 0 . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 1 7,086
7,086
−9,892
0 0 1 7,086
𝛿 2 = . 0 . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 1 0 0
7,086
𝑇
9) Vetores das reações segundo as coordenadas globais 𝐹𝑅 = − 𝐹𝐴 + 𝛽 𝑖 . 𝑃 𝑖:
1 0 0
𝑇 0
𝛽 1. 𝑃 1 = 0 0 . = 0
−17,68
0 1 −17,68
0 0 0
𝑇 −2,32
𝛽 2. 𝑃 2 = 0 1 . = 61,84
61,84
1 0 −2,32
0 0 0 0
𝐹𝑅 = − 0 + 0 + 61,84 = 61,84
−20 −17,68 −2,32 0
10) Diagrama de momento fletor:
4𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑟𝑖= 𝑙 𝑙
2𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
𝑙 𝑙
42000 21000
𝑟 1 =
21000 42000
21000 10500
𝑟 2 =
10500 21000
28000 14000
𝑟 3 =
14000 28000
21000 10500
𝑟 4 =
10500 21000
1 0 0 0 0
𝛽 1 =
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
𝛽 2 =
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1
𝛽 3 =
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
𝛽 4 =
0 0 0 0 1
𝑇
3) Matriz de rigidez da estrutura 𝑅 = 𝛽 𝑖 . 𝑟 𝑖. 𝛽 𝑖 :
1 0 42000 21000 0 0 0
0 1 42000 21000 1 0 0 0 0 21000 42000 0 0 0
𝑅 1 = 0 0 . 21000 . = 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 42000 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 21000 10500 0 0
21000 10500
𝑅 2 = 0 1 . . = 0 10500 21000 0 0
0 0 10500 21000 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 28000 0 0 14000
28000 14000 0 0 0 0 1
𝑅 3 = 0 0 . 14000 . = 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 28000 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 14000 0 0 28000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
21000 10500
𝑅 4 = 0 0 . . = 0 0 0 0 0
10500 21000 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 21000 10500
0 1 0 0 0 10500 21000
𝑅 = 𝑅 𝑖
42000 21000 0 0 0
21000 91000 10500 0 14000
𝑅 = 0 10500 21000 0 0
0 0 0 21000 10500
0 14000 0 10500 49000
4) Vetores das ações de bloqueio nos elementos 𝑃0 𝑖 :
𝑝𝑙 2 10. 42
+ +
12 12 13,333
𝑃0 1 = = =
𝑝𝑙 2 10. 42 −13,333
− −
12 12
𝑝𝑙 2 10. 42
+ +
12 12 13,333
𝑃0 2 = = =
𝑝𝑙 2 10. 42 −13,333
− −
12 12
0
𝑃0 3 =
0
0
𝑃0 4 =
0
1 0 0 0 −13,333
0 1 1 0 0
13,333 13,333
𝐹𝑒𝑞 = − 0 .
0 −13,333 − 0 1 . −13,333 = 13,333
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
𝐹𝐴 = 0
0
−60
Fr1
0
𝐹𝑅 = 0
Fr4
0
Das equações 2, 3 e 5:
𝑢2 1,648
𝑢3 = 5,525 . 10−4 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑢5 −14,859
Portanto
0
1,648
𝑢 = 5,525 . 10−4 𝑟𝑎𝑑
10
−14,859
Das equações 1 e 4:
0
1,648
1 0 0 0 0 0
𝛿 1 = . 5,525 . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 1 0 0 0 1,648
10
−14,859
0
1,648
0 1 0 0 0 1,648
𝛿 2 = . 5,525 . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 1 0 0 5,525
10
−14,859
0
1,648
0 0 0 0 1 −14,859
𝛿 3 = . 5,525 . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 1 0 0 0 1,648
10
−14,859
0
1,648
0 0 0 1 0 10
𝛿 4 = . 5,525 . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 0 0 1 −14,859
10
−14,859
𝑇
9) Vetores das reações segundo as coordenadas globais 𝐹𝑅 = − 𝐹𝐴 + 𝛽 𝑖 . 𝑃 𝑖:
1 0 16,79
0 1 −6,41
16,79
𝛽 1𝑇 . 𝑃 1 = 0 0 . −6,41 = 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 22,60
22,60
𝛽 𝑇2 . 𝑃 2 = 0 1 . = 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 1 −16,19
−39,30
𝛽 𝑇3 . 𝑃 3 = 0 0 . −16,19 = 0
0 0 0
1 0 −39,3
0 0 0
0 0 0
5,40
𝛽 𝑇4 . 𝑃 4 = 0 0 . −20,70 = 0
1 0 5,40
0 1 −20,70
0 16,79 0 0 0 16,79
0 −6,41 22,60 −16,19 0 0
𝐹𝑅 = − 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
0 0 0 0 5,40 5,40
−60 0 0 −39,3 −20,70 0
𝐸𝐴 −𝐸𝐴
𝑟𝑖= 𝑙 𝑙
−𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
𝑙 𝑙
0,5 −0,5
𝑟 1 = 𝑟 2 = 105 .
−0,5 0,5
2 2
−
𝑟 3 = 105 . 3 3
2 2
−
3 3
0,4 −0,4
𝑟 4 = 𝑟 5 = 105 .
−0,4 0,4
2) Matrizes de incidência cinemática 𝛽 𝑖 :
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
𝛽 1 =
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝛽 2 =
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
−1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝛽 3 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0
0 0 −0,6 0,8 0 0 0 0
𝛽 4 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 −0,6 0,8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0,6 0,8
𝛽 5 =
0 0 0 0 0,6 0,8 0 0
𝑇
3) Matriz de rigidez da estrutura 𝑅 = 𝛽 𝑖 . 𝑟 𝑖. 𝛽 𝑖 :
0 0
0 1
0 0
𝑅 = 1 0 . 105 . 0,5 −0,5
.
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 −0,5 0,5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 5 0 −5 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝑅 1 = 0 −5 0 5 0 0 0 0 . 104
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
𝑅 = 0 0 . 105 . 0,5 −0,5
.
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 −0,5 0,5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 5 0 −5 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝑅 2 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 104
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −5 0 5 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
−1 0
0 0
0 0 2 2
−
𝑅 = 0 0 . 105 . 3 3 . −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0
0 0 −
3 3
0 −1
0 0
6,667 0 0 0 0 0 −6,667 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝑅 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 104
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
−6,667 0 0 0 0 0 6,667 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
−0,6 0
0,8 0 0,4 −0,4 0 0 −0,6 0,8 0 0 0 0
𝑅 4 = . 105 . .
0 0 −0,4 0,4 0 0 0 0 0 0 −0,6 0,8
0 0
0 −0,6
0 0,8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1,44 −1,92 0 0 −1,44 1,92
𝑅 = 0 0 −1,92 2,56 0 0 1,92 −2,56
. 104
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 −1,44 1,92 0 0 1,44 −1,92
0 0 1,92 −2,56 0 0 −1,92 2,56
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 5 0,4 −0,4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,6 0,8
𝑅 5 = 0 0,6 . 10 . −0,4 .
0,4 0 0 0 0 0,6 0,8 0 0
0 0,8
0,6 0
0,8 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
𝑅 5 = 0 0 0 0
1,44 1,92 −1,44 −1,92 . 10
4
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1,92 2,56 −1,92 −2,56
0 0 0 0 −1,44 −1,92 1,44 1,92
0 0 0 0 −1,92 −2,56 1,92 2,56
𝑅 = 𝑅 𝑖
6,667 0 0 0 0 0 −6,667 0
0 10 0 −5 0 −5 0 0
0 0 1,44 −1,92 0 0 −1,44 1,92
0 −5 −1,92 7,56 0 0 1,92 −2,56 4
𝑅 = 1,44 1,92 −1,44 −1,92 . 10
0 0 0 0
0 −5 0 0 1,92 7,56 −1,92 −2,56
−6,667 0 −1,44 1,92 −1,44 −1,92 9,54667 0
0 0 1,92 −2,56 −1,92 −2,56 0 5,12
Para treliças:
𝑃0 𝑖 =0
𝐹𝑒𝑞 = 0
−10 0 −10
0 0 0
0 Fr3 Fr3
0 Fr4 Fr4
𝐹𝐴 = 𝐹𝑅 = 𝐹 =
0 Fr5 Fr5
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Das equações 1, 2, 6, 7 e 8:
u1 −6,75
u2 −1,333
u6 = −2,667 . 10−4 𝑚
u7 −5,25
u8 −1,333
Portanto
−6,75
−1,333
0
0
𝑢 = . 10−4 𝑚
0
−2,667
−5,25
−1,333
Das equações 3, 4 e 5:
Fr3 5
Fr4 = 0 𝑘𝑁
Fr5 5
−6,75
−1,333
0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝛿 1 = . . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1,333
−2,667
−5,25
−1,333
−6,75
−1,333
0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1,333
𝛿 2 = . . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 −2,667
−2,667
−5,25
−1,333
−6,75
−1,333
0
−1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,75
𝛿 3 = . . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0 0 5,25
−2,667
−5,25
−1,333
−6,75
−1,333
0
0 0 −0,6 0,8 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝛿 4 = . . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 0 0 0 0 −0,6 0,8 0 2,083
−2,667
−5,25
−1,333
−6,75
−1,333
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0,6 0,8 0 −4,217
𝛿 5 = . . 10−4 = . 10−4
0 0 0 0 0,6 0,8 0 0 0 −2,133
−2,667
−5,25
−1,333
5 −5 0 6,6667
𝑃 1 = 104 . . . 10−4 = 𝑘𝑁
−5 5 −1,333 −6,6667
5 −5 −1,333 6,6667
𝑃 2 = 104 . . . 10−4 = 𝑘𝑁
−5 5 −2,667 −6,6667
4 −4 0 −8,3333
𝑃 4 = 104 . . . 10−4 = 𝑘𝑁
−4 4 2,083 8,3333
4 −4 −4,217 −8,3333
𝑃 4 = 104 . . . 10−4 = 𝑘𝑁
−4 4 −2,133 8,3333
𝑇
9) Vetores das reações segundo as coordenadas globais 𝐹𝑅 = − 𝐹𝐴 + 𝛽 𝑖 . 𝑃 𝑖:
0 0 0
0 1 −6,6667
0 0 0
𝛽 1𝑇 . 𝑃 = 1 0 . 6,6667 = 6,6667
1 0 0 −6,6667 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 6,6667
0 0 0
𝛽 𝑇2 . 𝑃 = 0 0 . 6,6667 = 0
2 0 0 −6,6667 0
0 1 −6,6667
0 0 0
0 0 0
−1 0 −10
0 0 0
0 0 0
𝛽 𝑇3 . 𝑃 = 0 0 . 10 = 0
3 0 0 −10 0
0 0 0
0 −1 10
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
−0,6 0 5
0,8 0 −8,3333 −6,667
𝛽 𝑇4 . 𝑃 4 = . =
0 0 8,3333 0
0 0 0
0 −0,6 −5
0 0,8 6,667
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 −8,3333 0
𝛽 𝑇5 . 𝑃 5 = 0 0,6 . 8,3333 = 5
0 0,8 6,667
0,6 0 −5
0,8 0 −6,667
−10 0 0 −10 0 0
0 −6,6667 6,6667 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 5 0
0 6,6667 0 0 −6,667 0
𝐹𝑅 = − + + + + +
0 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 −6,6667 0 0 6,667
0 0 0 10 −5 −5
0 0 0 0 6,667 −6,667
0
0
5
0
𝐹𝑅 = 𝑘𝑁
5
0
0
0