Migração e seleção: evidências para pernambuco com dados em painel

MIGRAÇÃO E SELEÇÃO: EVIDÊNCIAS PARA PERNAMBUCO COM DADOS EM PAINEL1

Migration and selection: evidence for Pernambuco with panel data

Cláudia César Batista Julião
Doutoranda em Economia Aplicada da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Departamento
de Economia Rural. (UFV-DER). claudiacesarbj@gmail.com

Roberta de Moraes Rocha

Professora Associada da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Campus Acadêmico
do Agreste (UFPE-CAA). roberta_rocha_pe@yahoo.com.br

Everlândia de Souza Silva

Professora Assistente da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica
de Serra Talhada (UFRPE-UAST). everlandia255@gmail.com

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Recebido em 11 de setembro de 2017 Rev. Econ. NE, Fortaleza, v. 49, n. 2, p. 113-131, abr./jun., 2018
Aceito em 5 de março de 2018
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1HVWD VHomR VmR DSUHVHQWDGDV GHVFULo}HV GRV
GDGRV FRP UHODomR jV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SHVVRDLV j
ORFDOL]DomR H jV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV RFXSDFLRQDLV GRV
WUDEDOKDGRUHVIRUPDLVSHUQDPEXFDQRVFRPSDUDQ-
GRRSHU¿OGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHPXGDUDPGHORFDO
GHWUDEDOKR±PLJUDQWHV±HGRVTXHQmRPXGDUDP
RPXQLFtSLRQRTXDOGHVHPSHQKDYDPVXDVDWLYLGD-
GHVODERUDWLYDV±QmRPLJUDQWHV2SHUFHQWXDOGH
PLJUDQWHVHQmRPLJUDQWHVQRSHUtRGRDQDOLVDGRp
DSUHVHQWDGRQD7DEHOD
WHVVHSDUDGDPHQWHD7DEHODUHSRUWDDVFDUDFWH-
UtVWLFDVSHVVRDLVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVUHODFLRQDGDVDR
VH[RUDoDHHVFRODULGDGH3DUDWDODPRVWUDFRQV-
WDWDVHTXHRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHPXGDUDPGHORFDO
GHWUDEDOKRVmRSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHGRVH[RPDV-
FXOLQR1RVH[WUDWRVGDSRSXODomRWRWDOHGRV
QmR PLJUDQWHV WDPEpP SUHYDOHFH D SUHGRPLQkQ-
FLD PDVFXOLQD  H  UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
4XDQWRjUDoDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHVHGHFODUDUDP
GHFRUEUDQFDUHSUHVHQWDPGRVPLJUDQWHVH
GRVQmRPLJUDQWHV
1R TXH GL] UHVSHLWR DR QtYHO GH HVFRODULGDGH
REVHUYDVH QD 7DEHOD  TXH RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV QmR
PLJUDQWHVHVWmRHPPDLRUSURSRUomRHQWUHRVPDLV
HVFRODUL]DGRV(QTXDQWRGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV
TXH PXGDUDP R PXQLFtSLR SHUQDPEXFDQR GH WUD-
EDOKRSRVVXHPDRPHQRVRHQVLQRPpGLRFRPSOH-
WRWHPVHGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVQmRPLJUDQWHV
FRPHVWHJUDXGHLQVWUXomR2VPLJUDQWHVHVWmRHP
PDLRUSURSRUomRQDVIDL[DVGHPHQRUHVFRODULGDGH
GRVPLJUDQWHVVmRDQDOIDEHWRVRXSRVVXHP
IXQGDPHQWDOLQFRPSOHWRGHQWUHRVQmRPLJUDQWHV
HVVHSHUFHQWXDOpGH

7DEHOD±7RWDOGHPLJUDQWHVHQmRPLJUDQWHVSRU
7DEHOD±&DUDFWHUtVWLFDV SHVVRDLV GRV WUDEDOKD-
ano
GRUHVPLJUDQWHVHQmRPLJUDQWHV
Ano Migrantes Não Migrantes
Não Amostra
Características Migrantes
 
- - Migrantes Total
   6(;2
0DVFXOLQR   
  
)HPLQLQR   
  
5$d$
   %UDQFR   
)RQWHHODERUDGDSHORVDXWRUHVFRPEDVHQRVGDGRVGD5DLV0LJUD 1mREUDQFR   
 (6&2/$5,'$'(
$QDOIDEHWR   
&RPR SRGHVH REVHUYDU QD 7DEHOD  GH PRGR )XQGDPHQWDOLQFRPSOHWR   
JHUDODTXDQWLGDGHGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHPXGDUDP )XQGDPHQWDOFRPSOHWR   
RPXQLFtSLRGHORFDOGHWUDEDOKRDXPHQWRXDRORQ- 0pGLRLQFRPSOHWR   
0pGLRFRPSOHWR   
6XSHULRULQFRPSOHWR   
 'LIHUHVH QR HQWDQWR GR FRQFHLWR GH PLJUDomR SHQGXODU
6XSHULRUFRPSOHWR   
FDUDFWHUL]DGDSHORGHVORFDPHQWRGLiULRGHSHVVRDVSDUDHVWXGDURX
WUDEDOKDUHPRXWUDFLGDGHPDVTXHUHWRUQDPSDUDDVFLGDGHVRQGH )RQWHHODERUDGDSHORVDXWRUHVFRPEDVHQRVGDGRVGD5DLV0LJUD
UHVLGHPDSyVUHDOL]DUHPVXDVDWLYLGDGHV 

Rev. Econ. NE, Fortaleza, v. 49, n. 2, p. 113-131, abr./jun., 2018

123
Cláudia César Batista Julião, Roberta de Moraes Rocha e Everlândia de Souza Silva
'HDFRUGRFRPD7DEHODTXHDSUHVHQWDDLGD-
GHPpGLDHRWHPSRPpGLRQRHPSUHJRGRVWUDED-
OKDGRUHVRVPLJUDQWHVVmRHPPpGLDPDLVMRYHQV
TXHRVQmRPLJUDQWHV$LGDGHPpGLDGRVWUDEDOKD-
GRUHVTXHPXGDPRPXQLFtSLRGHORFDOGHWUDEDOKR
pDQRVHQTXDQWRTXHDLGDGHPpGLDGRVQmR
PLJUDQWHVpGHDQRV
2V WUDEDOKDGRUHV PLJUDQWHV SHUPDQHFHP HP
PpGLDPHQRVWHPSRHPSUHJDGRQRPHVPRYtQFX-
ORGRTXHRVQmRPLJUDQWHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
HPHVHVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH,VVRSRGHHVWDUUHOD-
FLRQDGRDRIDWRGRVPLJUDQWHVVHUHPPDLVMRYHQV
PDLVHVFRODUL]DGRGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVQmRPLJUDQWHV
HPUHODomRDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVPLJUDQWHV
3RU ¿P D RFXSDomR HP DWLYLGDGHV OHJLVODWLYD
H[HFXWLYDMXGLFLiULDGLUHWRUHVHJHUHQWHVUHJLVWURX
SDUFHODVHPHOKDQWHXPDPDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRUHODWLYD
GHWUDEDOKDGRUHVQmRPLJUDQWHVHPUHODomRDRVQmR
PLJUDQWHV(VVDVDWLYLGDGHVUHSUHVHQWDPGRV
YtQFXORVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHGHFLGLUDPPXGDUGH
PXQLFtSLR GH ORFDO GH WUDEDOKR H  GRV YtQFX-
ORVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHSHUPDQHFHUDPQRPHVPR
PXQLFtSLRGHORFDOGHWUDEDOKRHQWUHH
SRLVVHJXQGR3RQWHHWDORVPDLVMRYHQV 7DEHOD±&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVRFXSDFLRQDLVGRVWUDED-
HVWmRPDLVSURSHQVRVjPXGDQoDGHWUDEDOKR OKDGRUHVPLJUDQWHVHQmRPLJUDQWHV
Não Amostra
7DEHOD±([SHULrQFLD GRV PLJUDQWHV H QmR PL- Ocupação Migrantes
Migrantes total
JUDQWHV /HJLVO([HFXW-XGLF
  
'LUHWRUHV*HUHQWHV
Não Amostra &LHQWt¿FD$UWtVWLFD   
Variáveis Migrantes
Migrantes Total 7pFQLFD   
,'$'(DQRV $GPLQLVWUDWLYD   
0pGLD    &RPpUFLR6HUYLoR   
$JURSHFXiULD)ORUHV-
'HVYLRSDGUmR      
WDLV3HVFD
7(03212 3URGXomR,QGXVWULDO   
(035(*2PHVHV 2SHUDGRUHVGH0i-
  
0pGLD    TXLQDV
'HVYLRSDGUmR    0DQXWHQomR5HSDUDomR   

)RQWHHODERUDGDSHORVDXWRUHVFRPEDVHQRVGDGRVGD5DLV0LJUD )RQWHHODERUDGDSHORVDXWRUHVFRPEDVHQRVGDGRVGD5DLV0LJUD
 

1R TXH WDQJH j RFXSDomR D 7DEHOD  PRVWUD 1D7DEHOD  p DSUHVHQWDGD D GLVWULEXLomR GRV
FRPR RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV IRUPDLV SHUQDPEXFDQRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV IRUPDLV GH 3HUQDPEXFR SHORV VHXV
HVWmR GLVWULEXtGRV HQWUH RV JUXSRV GH RFXSDo}HV UHVSHFWLYRV PXQLFtSLRV GH ORFDO GH WUDEDOKR 'RV
GD&%2&ODVVL¿FDomR%UDVLOHLUDGH2FXSDo}HV GH] SULQFLSDLV PXQLFtSLRV SHUQDPEXFDQRV TXH
2EVHUYDVHTXHGHPDQHLUDJHUDORVWUDEDOKDGRUHV PDLV DSUHVHQWDUDP SRVWRV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV IRU-
HVWmRHPSUHJDGRVQRFRPpUFLRHVHUYLoR PDLVQRSHUtRGRGHDVHWHSHUWHQFLDPj
QDiUHDDGPLQLVWUDWLYDRXQRVHWRULQGXV- 5HJLmR0HWURSROLWDQDGR5HFLIH505VmRHOHV
WULDO
$ SDUWLFLSDomR RFXSDFLRQDO GRV PLJUDQWHV HP
DWLYLGDGHV DJURSHFXiULDV ÀRUHVWDO H GH SHVFD p
UHODWLYDPHQWHPDLRUGRTXHDGRVQmRPLJUDQWHV
FRQWUDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH,VVRSRVVL-
YHOPHQWH HVWi UHODFLRQDGR DR PHQRU QtYHO GH HV-
FRODULGDGH GRV PLJUDQWHV FRPSDUDGR DR GRV QmR
PLJUDQWHV$VDWLYLGDGHVDJURSHFXiULDVÀRUHVWDOH
GHSHVFDWrPDWHUFHLUDPDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRRFXSD-
FLRQDOSDUDRVPLJUDQWHV
&RPRSRGHVHUREVHUYDGRQD7DEHODHPWHU-
PRV RFXSDFLRQDLV RV QmR PLJUDQWHV WrP PDLRU
SDUWLFLSDomRHPFDUUHLUDVWpFQLFDVFLHQWt¿FDVHDU-
WtVWLFDV (VVH UHVXOWDGR HVWi GH DFRUGR FRP SHU¿O
Rev. Econ. NE, Fortaleza, v. 49, n. 2, p. 113-131, abr./jun., 2018
124
5HFLIH-DERDWmRGRV*XDUDUDSHV2OLQGD&DERGH
6DQWR$JRVWLQKR3DXOLVWD,SRMXFDH,JDUDVVX(V-
VHVPXQLFtSLRVMXQWRVUHSUHVHQWDPGDIRUoD
GHWUDEDOKRIRUPDOSHUQDPEXFDQD
1RV H[WUDWRV GRV PLJUDQWHV H QmR PLJUDQWHV
RV PXQLFtSLRV GD 505 WDPEpP VH GHVWDFDP 2
PXQLFtSLR GH 5HFLIH HP HVSHFLDO p R TXH PDLV
DEUDQJH SRVWRV GH WUDEDOKRV IRUPDLV 'RV LQGLYt-
GXRVTXHPXGDUDPRPXQLFtSLRGHORFDOGHWUDED-
OKRH[HUFLDPVXDVDWLYLGDGHVQDFDSLWDOSHU-
QDPEXFDQD(QTXDQWRTXHHQWUHRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV
TXHSHUPDQHFHUDPGHVHQYROYHQGRVXDVDWLYLGDGHV
ODERUDWLYDVQRPHVPRPXQLFtSLRGXUDQWHRSHUtR-
GRGHDWUDEDOKDYDPQRPXQL-
FtSLRGH5HFLIH'DGRTXHDFDSLWDOSHUQDPEXFDQD
FRQFHQWUDRVSRVWRVGHWUDEDOKRGHPDLRUQtYHOGH
 Migração e seleção: evidências para pernambuco com dados em painel

LQVWUXomR HVVH PDLRU SHUFHQWXDO UHODWLYR GH QmR $DQiOLVHPRVWUDTXHRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVIRUPDLV

PLJUDQWHVQDFDSLWDOSHUQDPEXFDQDMXVWL¿FDRVUH- SHUQDPEXFDQRVTXHPXGDUDPRPXQLFtSLRGHORFDO
VXOWDGRV HQFRQWUDGRV DQWHULRUPHQWH TXH DSRQWDP GHWUDEDOKRVmRHPVXDPDLRULDKRPHQVFRPLGD-
RVQmRPLJUDQWHVFRPRVHQGRPDLVHVFRODUL]DGRV GHPpGLDGHDQRV&RPSDUDWLYDPHQWHDRSHU¿O
HFRPPDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRHPDWLYLGDGHVWpFQLFDV GRV QmR PLJUDQWHV YHUL¿FDVH TXH RV PLJUDQWHV
FLHQWt¿FDVHDUWtVWLFDVGRTXHRVPLJUDQWHV VmRPHQRVHVFRODUL]DGRVHWrPUHODWLYDPHQWHPH-
$LQGDFRQIRUPHD7DEHODREVHUYDVHTXH&D- QRUSHUFHQWXDOGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVQDFDSLWDOSHUQDP-
UXDUXQDPHVRUUHJLmRGR$JUHVWHH3HWUROLQDQD EXFDQD5HFLIH
PHVRUUHJLmRGR6mR)UDQFLVFRVmRRVPXQLFtSLRV (PVtQWHVHDVHYLGrQFLDVLQLFLDLVLQGLFDPTXH
GRLQWHULRUGRHVWDGRGH3HUQDPEXFRTXHPDLVHP- R PLJUDQWH LQWHUQR SHUQDPEXFDQR WHP XP SHU¿O
SUHJDPWUDEDOKDGRUHVIRUPDLV(VVHTXDGURMXVWL¿- GLVWLQWR GDTXHOH GR QmR PLJUDQWH (P GHVWDTXH
FDVHSHORDTXHFLPHQWRGRVHWRUGHIUXWLFXOWXUDGH RVGDGRVUHODFLRQDGRVjHVFRODULGDGHVXJHUHPTXH
3HWUROLQDHGRSRORGHFRQIHFomRGH&DUXDUX R JUXSR GRV PLJUDQWHV IRUPDP XP JUXSR QHJD-
WLYDPHQWH VHOHFLRQDGR TXDQWR jV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
7DEHOD±'LVWULEXLomRGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVSRUPX- REVHUYiYHLV XPD YH] TXH VmR HP PpGLD PHQRV
QLFtSLR HVFRODUL]DGRVTXHRVQmRPLJUDQWHVHTXHSRUWDQ-
Não Amostra
WRWDPEpPWrPPHOKRUHVVDOiULRV3Uy[LPDHWDSD
Migrantes
Migrantes total pUHDOL]DUXPDDQiOLVHPXOWLYDULDGDHFRQWURODURV
0XQLFtSLR    UHQGLPHQWRVSHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVREVHUYiYHLVGRV
5HFLIH   
WUDEDOKDGRUHV WDLV FRPR D HVFRODULGDGH H SHODV
-DERDWmR   
2OLQGD    QmRREVHUYiYHLVSHORPpWRGRGRHIHLWR¿[RSDUD
&DER    REVHUYDURGLIHUHQFLDOGHVDOiULRVHQWUHRVGRLVJUX-
,SRMXFD    SRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV TXH PXGDUDP R PXQLFtSLR GH
3DXOLVWD   
ORFDOGHWUDEDOKRHRVTXHQmRPXGDUDP
&DUXDUX   
,JDUDVVX  - 
3HWUROLQD   
(VFDGD  - - 6 EVIDÊNCIAS ECONOMÉTRICAS
9LWyULD -  
*DUDQKXQV 
- -
&RPLQWXLWRGHDYDQoDUQDLQYHVWLJDomRVREUH
2XWURV   
XPD SRVVtYHO VHOHomR SRVLWLYD GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV
)RQWHHODERUDGDSHORVDXWRUHVFRPEDVHQRVGDGRVGD5DLV0LJUD
 IRUPDLV GR HVWDGR GH 3HUQDPEXFR TXH PXGDUDP
3RU¿PDQDOLVDVHQD7DEHODDUHQGDPpGLD
REWLGDSHORVPLJUDQWHVHQmRPLJUDQWHVQRSHUtRGR
GHD2EVHUYDVHTXHDUHQGDPpGLDGRV
WUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHQmRPXGDUDPRPXQLFtSLRGHOR-
FDOGHWUDEDOKRpPDLRUTXHDUHQGDPpGLDGRVWUD-
EDOKDGRUHVTXHPXGDUDP5H5
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH (VVH UHVXOWDGR p FRQVHTXrQFLD
GDV PHOKRUHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV REVHUYiYHLV TXH RV
QmR PLJUDQWHV DSUHVHQWDUDP QD DPRVWUD FRPR
SRUH[HPSORPDLRUQtYHOGHHVFRODULGDGHGRTXH
RVPLJUDQWHV
7DEHOD±5HQGD PpGLD GRV PLJUDQWHV H QmR PL-
JUDQWHV
Salário
Migrantes
Não
real migrantes
0pGLD 5 5
GHPXQLFtSLRGHWUDEDOKRPLJUDQWHVHVWDVXEVH-
omRGHGLFDVHDDQDOLVDURVUHVXOWDGRVGDHVWLPDomR
GRPRGHORHFRQRPpWULFRGHVFULWRQDVHomRGRPR-
GHORHPStULFR
3DUD WDQWR D SDUWLU GRV PLFURGDGRV GD 5$,6
0LJUD SDUD R SHUtRGR GH  D  HVWLPRX
VHGRLVPRGHORVXPSRU042HRXWURLQFOXLQGR
R (IHLWR )L[R GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV FRQWUROH SDUD DV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQmRREVHUYiYHLVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV
(VVH~OWLPRPRGHORFRQVWLWXLHPXPDIRUPDHIHWL-
YDGHWUDWDPHQWRSDUDRYLpVGHVHOHomRGRPLJUDQ-
WHXPDYH]TXHFRQWURODDWUDYpVGRHIHLWR¿[RLQ-
GLYLGXDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRWUDEDOKDGRUTXHQmR
YDULDP QR WHPSR H TXH SRGHP LQÀXHQFLDU D VXD
SURGXWLYLGDGH
Amostra 2 REMHWLYR HQWmR p FRPSDUDU RV UHVXOWDGRV
total
REWLGRVSRU042HFRPRFRQWUROHSDUDR(IHLWR
5
GHVYLRSDGUmR    )L[RLQGLYLGXDO1HVWHVHQWLGRVHKRXYHUXPDGL-
)RQWHHODERUDGDSHORVDXWRUHVFRPEDVHQRVGDGRVGD5$,60LJUD PLQXLomRQDPDJQLWXGHGRFRH¿FLHQWHDVVRFLDGRj
 YDULiYHOGHPLJUDomRHQWUHRVGRLVPRGHORVKDYH-

Rev. Econ. NE, Fortaleza, v. 49, n. 2, p. 113-131, abr./jun., 2018

125
Cláudia César Batista Julião, Roberta de Moraes Rocha e Everlândia de Souza Silva

UiLQGtFLRVGHTXHH[LVWHXPDVHOHomRSRVLWLYDDID- DGDSWiYHLV jV PXGDQoDV QR VHX WUDEDOKR IDWRUHV

YRUGRVPLJUDQWHVLQGLFDQGRTXHRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV
TXHPXGDUDPGHPXQLFtSLRQRTXDOWUDEDOKDPWrP
DWULEXWRVQmRREVHUYiYHLVTXHRVWRUQDPPDLVSUR-
GXWLYRV$VVLPRHIHLWR¿[RVHULDRFRQWUROHSDUD
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRWUDEDOKDGRUTXHHVWmRDVVRFLDGDV
HVWHV TXH LQÀXHQFLDP D VXD SURGXWLYLGDGH PDV
TXHQmRVmRPHQVXUiYHLVGLUHWDPHQWH
$LQGD GH DFRUGR FRP HVWH PRGHOR VH R PL-
JUDQWHSDVVRXDWUDEDOKDUQDFLGDGHGR5HFLIHHVWH
JDQKRVDODULDOSDVVDDVHURGREURHPUHODomRDRV
jVXDSURGXWLYLGDGHPDVTXHQmRVmRPHQVXUiYHLV
RXREVHUYiYHLVTXHSRGHPVHUIDWRUHVFRPRDVXD
LQWHOLJrQFLDHPRFLRQDOFULDWLYLGDGHVRFLDOL]DomR
DVVXDVKDELOLGDGHVQmRFRJQLWLYDVHQWUHRXWURV
2V UHVXOWDGRV HQFRQWUDPVH QD 7DEHOD  QD
QmRPLJUDQWHVHPWRUQRGH
PDLRU (VWH ~OWLPR UHVXOWDGR p FRQGL]HQWH FRP R
IDWRGHJUDQGHVFLGDGHVDSUHVHQWDUHPPHUFDGRGH
WUDEDOKR PDLV GLQkPLFRV HQWUH RXWUDV YDQWDJHQV
ORFDFLRQDLV H SRU LVVR GHYHP SDJDU HP PpGLD
SULPHLUDFROXQDHVWmRRVUHVXOWDGRVGRPRGHOR
HVWLPDGRSRU042HQDVHJXQGDFROXQDHVWmRRV
UHVXOWDGRV REWLGRV FRP D LQFOXVmR GR HIHLWR ¿[R
GRWUDEDOKDGRU1RJHUDORVPRGHORVDSUHVHQWDP
XPERPDMXVWHRVFRH¿FLHQWHVGDVYDULiYHLVH[SOL-
PDLRUHVVDOiULRV'HIDWR5RFKDHWDODSUH-
VHQWDPHYLGrQFLDVGHTXHRVJUDQGHVFHQWURVXUED-
QRVGRSDtVSDJDPPDLRUHVVDOiULRVSUrPLRVDOD-
ULDOHVWHTXHSHUVLVWHPHVPRDSyVFRQWUROHVSHODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVREVHUYiYHLVHQmRREVHUYiYHLVGRV
FDWLYDVPRVWUDUDPVHHPVXDPDLRULDLQGLYLGXDO-
PHQWHVLJQL¿FDQWHVDPHQRVGHHFRPVLQDLV
HVSHUDGRVFRQIRUPHDOLWHUDWXUDDTXLFLWDGD
2V UHVXOWDGRV GR SULPHLUR PRGHOR HVWLPDGR
SRU 042 LQGLFDP TXH RV PLJUDQWHV UHFHEHP
HPPpGLDXPVDOiULRPDLRUGRTXHRVQmR
PLJUDQWHV &RQVLGHUDQGR TXH DSHQDV IRUDP LQ-
FRUSRUDGRVQHVWHPRGHORDOJXQVFRQWUROHVSDUDDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVREVHUYiYHLVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVHVWH
WUDEDOKDGRUHV*ODHVHUH0DUpWDPEpPRE-
WrPHYLGrQFLDVVHPHOKDQWHVSDUDRV(VWDGRV8QL-
GRV GH TXH Ki XPD UHODomR SRVLWLYD HQWUH JDQKR
VDODULDOHSRUWHSRSXODFLRQDOGDVFLGDGHV
3RUpP GDGR TXH DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV QmR REVHU-
YiYHLVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVFRUUHODFLRQDGRVFRPVXD
SURGXWLYLGDGHSRGHPH[SOLFDUDRPHQRVHPSDU-
WHRGLIHUHQFLDOVDODULDOHQWUHPLJUDQWHVHQmRPL-
JUDQWHVXPVHJXQGRPRGHORIRLHVWLPDGRLQFOXtGR
DXPHQWR VDODULDO SRGH HVWDU FRUUHODFLRQDGR WDQWR
FRPIDWRUHVUHODFLRQDGRVDRPHUFDGRGHWUDEDOKR
GDFLGDGHGHGHVWLQRTXDQWRSHORIDWRGRVWUDED-
OKDGRUHV PLJUDQWHV VHUHP SRVLWLYDPHQWH VHOHFLR-
QDGRV
1R SULPHLUR FDVR p SRVVtYHO TXH R LQGLYtGXR
SDUDPXGDUGHFLGDGHTXHWUDEDOKDVHMDFRPSHQVD-
GR¿QDQFHLUDPHQWHFRPXPPDLRUVDOiULRGHYLGR
DHVWDPXGDQoD2XQRFDVRGHDFLGDGHGHGHVWL-
QRDSUHVHQWDUXPPHOKRUPDWFKLQJQRPHUFDGRGH
WUDEDOKRHQWUHRXWUDVYDQWDJHQVORFDFLRQDLVRWUD-
EDOKDGRUDRPLJUDUSRGHWHUXPPDLRUVDOiULRSRU
FRQVHJXLUXPDPHOKRURFXSDomRQRWUDEDOKRGDGD
DVVXDVTXDOL¿FDo}HV1DVHJXQGDVLWXDomRDWULEX-
WRVQmRREVHUYiYHLVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVFRUUHODFLR-
RHIHLWR¿[RGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV0RGHOR&RPR
SRGHVHUREVHUYDGRQD7DEHODPHVPRDSyVDDGL-
omRGHVWHFRQWUROHRFRH¿FLHQWHDVVRFLDGRjYDULi-
YHOdummyGHPLJUDomRDLQGDpSRVLWLYRHHVWDWLVWL-
FDPHQWHVLJQL¿FDQWHDPHQRVGHLQGLFDQGRTXH
WUDEDOKDGRUHVPLJUDQWHVUHFHEHPHPPpGLDD
PDLVGRTXHRVQmRPLJUDQWHV3HUFHEHVHSRUWDQ-
WRTXHDPDJQLWXGHGRFRH¿FLHQWHFDLXHP
FRPSDUDomRDRPRGHORHVWLPDGRSRU042(VWH
UHVXOWDGR VXJHUH TXH SDUWH GR GLIHUHQFLDO VDODULDO
HQWUH PLJUDQWHV H QmR PLJUDQWHV HVWi DWUHODGR jV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV QmR REVHUYiYHLV GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV
TXHVmR¿[DVQRWHPSRTXHRVPLJUDQWHVVmRPDLV
KDELOLGRVRVRXFULDWLYRVGRTXHRVQmRPLJUDQWHV
(VVHV UHVXOWDGRV FRUURERUDP RV HVWXGRV UHDOL-
QDGRV FRP D VXD SURGXWLYLGDGH WDPEpP SRGHP ]DGRVSRU7RUUHVH5RFKDHSRU6LOYD7RU-
H[SOLFDUDRPHQRVHPSDUWHRGLIHUHQFLDOVDODULDO
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