12/07/2020 Técnicas de agendamento de projetos | Várias técnicas de programação de projetos

Técnicas de agendamento de projetos

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Introdução às técnicas de agendamento de

projetos
Precisamos usar técnicas de agendamento em um projeto para alinhar todos os seus aspectos,
a m de trabalhar correspondendo um ao outro. Um cronograma deve ser proporcional ao

tempo de nido para o projeto e todos os seus recursos devem ser utilizados da maneira ideal.

Dada a natureza variável do projeto e seu escopo, é difícil planejá-lo, mas devemos fazê-lo

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porque somos nós que seremos responsáveis.

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Um cronograma consiste em todas as atividades incluídas na implementação e execução de um
com/project-
projeto dentro do prazo predeterminado do projeto. Um cronograma do projeto ajuda a priorizar
management/)
o trabalho envolvido em um projeto e nalizá-lo de maneira ordenada. Também ajuda na

indicação da pessoa certa para o trabalho e na alocação adequada dos recursos disponíveis. O
gerenciamento de tempo e os ajustes com o escopo de um projeto só são possíveis se houver

um cronograma adequado preparado para o projeto em elaboração.

Inicie seu curso gratuito de gerenciamento de projetos

Programação e gerenciamento de projetos, software de gerenciamento de projetos e outros

Técnicas diferentes de programação de projetos

O agendamento do projeto geralmente inclui várias técnicas; um resumo de cada técnica é

fornecido abaixo.

1) Análise Matemática
O método do caminho crítico (CPM) e a técnica de avaliação e revisão de programas (PERT) são

as duas técnicas mais usadas pelos gerentes de projeto. Esses métodos são usados para

calcular o período de tempo do projeto através do escopo do projeto.

a) Método do caminho crítico

Every project’s tree diagram has a critical path. The Critical Path Method estimates the

maximum and minimum time required to complete a project. CPM also helps to identify critical

tasks that should be incorporated into a project. Delivery time changes do not affect the

schedule. The scope of the project and the list of activities necessary for the completion of the

project are needed for using CPM. Next, the time taken by each activity is calculated. Then, all

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the dependent variables are identi ed. This helps in identifying and separating the independent

variables. Finally, it adds milestones to the project.

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b) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
management/)

PERT is a way to schedule the ow of tasks in a project and estimate the total time taken to

complete it. This technique helps represent how each task is dependent on the other. To

schedule a project using PERT, one has to de ne activities, arrange them in an orderly manner

and de ne milestones. You can calculate timelines for a project on the basis of the level of

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Optimistic timing

Most-likely timing
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Weighted average duration and not estimates are used by PERT to calculate different

timeframes.

2) Duration Compression
Duration compression helps to cut short a schedule if needed. It can adjust the set schedule by

making changes without changing the scope in case, the project is running late. Two

methodologies that can be applied: fast tracking and crashing.

a) Fast Tracking

Fast-tracking is another way to use CPM. Fast-tracking nds ways to speed up the pace at

which a project is being implemented by either simultaneously executing many tasks or by

overlapping many tasks to each other. CPM helps us identify activities that can be used to

speed up the pace of the project. Although it is an appealing technique, it has its own share of

risks too. As many activities will be simultaneously implemented, it is highly to make mistakes

and compromise on quality.

b) Crashing

Crashing deals with involving more resources to nish the project on time. For this to happen,

you need spare resources to be available at your disposal. Moreover, all the tasks cannot be

done by adding extra resources. Need to add new team members to a project and limited

divisibility of tasks leads to increase communication and is the basic reason behind it. The

crashing technique can also be used by adding time, paid overtime, but it should stay within the

decided deadline. It, unfortunately, leads to raising the cost of the project.

3) Simulation
The expected duration of the project is calculated by using a different set of tasks in simulation.

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The schedule is created on the basis of assumptions, so it can be used even if the scope is

changed or the tasks are not clear enough.

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4) management/)
Resource-Leveling Heuristics
Cutting the delivery time or avoiding under or overutilization of resources by making

adjustments with the schedule or resources is called resource leveling heuristics. Dividing the
tasks as per the available resources, so that no resource is under or over-utilized. The only

demerit of this methodology is it may increase the project’s cost and time.

5 ) Task List
The task list is the simplest project scheduling technique of all the techniques available.

Documented in a spreadsheet or word processor is the list of all possible tasks involved in a

project. This method is simple and the most popular of all methods. It is very useful while

implementing small projects. But for large projects with numerous aspects to consider task list

is not a feasible method.

6) Gantt Chart
For tracking the progress and reporting purposes, the Gantt Chart is a visualization technique

used in project management (https://www.educba.com/why-is-project-management-

important/). It is used by project managers most of the time to get an idea about the average

time needed to nish a project. A project schedule Gantt chart is a bar chart that represents key

activities in sequence on the left vs time. Each task is represented by a bar that re ects the start

and date of the activity, and therefore its duration.

7) Calendar
Many don’t consider scheduling tasks on a calendar for their project requirements – when they

should! Most of the calendars can be curated with names of their own. In this case, you can

create one calendar per project and scheduled events for that project. The calendar shows a

timeline for the entire project. The major advantage is that it can be subjected to change as it is

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shareable. While it seems to be a great technique for tracking a project, it does have certain
limitations you cannot assign tasks to certain people and you cannot see task dependencies.
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Resource scheduling tools can help a project manager (https://www.educba.com/project-

manager-responsibilities/) in the allocation of resources and nish up a project within the

prescribed time span. They also help in preparing schedules for all the projects that are to be

taken up in the future. Studying the past performance of your team, the hindrances faced while

pursuing a project and how were those obstacles overcome come very handy. Scheduling must

be an integral part of project management. It just does not help save time but gets the project

to be organized.

Recommended Articles
This is a guide to Project Scheduling Techniques. Here we discuss the various Techniques and

an outline of Project Scheduling. You can also go through our other suggested articles to learn

more –

1. Project Manager Responsibilities (https://www.educba.com/project-manager-

responsibilities/)
2. Project Management Jobs (https://www.educba.com/project-management-jobs/)

3. Project Management Methodology (https://www.educba.com/project-management-

methodology/)

4. Construção do cronograma do projeto (https://www.educba.com/project-scheduling-

construction/)

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