N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

Dqh|iqkolhli Toq|yh`
Toq|yh` Iy ]ny @yu
c||w5..vvv+iy}ny`yu+oi|+wqn+aq. 

Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh

I}|i ï n ]hfqhln Ik}okhjik|n xyi n Ji}|qi ]hok| Fiqjhok lo}wü} whqh h }yh Iqh li Nyqn,
i xyi dnqjh whq|i ln \iqmioqn Mom`n li Ik}okhjik|n} lh Oqjhklhli li ]hok| Fiqjhok,
liwno} ln xyh` n lo}mêwy`n }i ikmnk|qh mnj w`ikn mnkcimojik|n lh }yh wqi}ikæh ‐Iy ]ny‚+
Xyhk|n jho} dnq i}|ylhln i jilo|hln n mnk|iõln li}|h} wh`htqh}, jho} wqn|ifoln i i`ithln
}i |nqkhqè n lo}mêwy`n+
]haijn} xyi n hjhln Ji}|qi kín y}h kikcyjh lo}}ojy`hæín, hn jn}|qhq*kn} n} wiqofn} i
mnk}ixðåkmoh} nmh}onkhlh} çxyi`i} xyi dnmhqij }yh h|ikæín ij `io}, wi}}nh} i toaqhæùi}
okdiqonqi}, y|o`ouhkln*}i li }iy} ik}okhjik|n}+
Hxyo i}|ín, wnq|hk|n, n} Qify`hjik|n} Lotokn}+
N myjwqojik|n li}|i} ik}okhjik|n} liwikli ism`y}othjik|i ln lo}mêwy`n+

%%%%%%%%%%
Mhqn} oqjín} lh \iqqh,
Ik|qi n} tèqon} |qhah`cn} xyi qih`oun wnq tý}, okm`yn i}|i, qi}wnk}hao`ouhkln*ji wi`h wya`omhæín lofo|h` li}|i
@otqn, li}|okhln ç wya`omhæín fqh|yo|h ij kn}}h Aoa`on|imh I}n|ïqomh Toq|yh` +
]yw`omn hn} hjhln} oqjín} xyi, }i wn}}êti`, hwý} mnkcimiq h} wh`htqh} ln Ji}|qi ]hok| Fiqjhok, h}
qiji|ho} h |nln} n} xyi wqnmyqhj h @yu i, }i wnqtik|yqh, hljoko}|qho} h`fyj ]o|i, ji}jn xyi li kh|yqiuh
mnjiqmoh`, h} mn`nxyio} `è, lo}wnkêtio} whqh Lnvk`nhl ln} ok|iqkhy|h} to}o|hk|i}+
Dhuikln o}|n, i}|hqio} wqi}|hkln wqimon}n }iqtoæn ç cyjhkolhli+
Iy ]ny ímíqh
]iy Oqjín kh ]iklh lh @yu
@otqn Wya`omhln ij 78.78.71
@otqn qi*wya`omhln ij 19.73.7= ” I}|ojh|oth li `otqn} lo}|qoayêln} h|ï hfnqh5 97+777 `otqn}+
@otqn qi*wya`omhln ij 1?.76.7< ” I}|ojh|oth li `otqn} lo}|qoayêln} h|ï hfnqh5 67+777 `otqn}+

8
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

Dqh|iqkolhli Toq|yh`
Toq|yh` Iy ]ny @yu
c||w5..vvv+iy}ny`yu+oi|+wqn+aq. 

Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh

I}|i ï n ]hfqhln Ik}okhjik|n xyi n Ji}|qi ]hok| Fiqjhok lo}wü} whqh h }yh Iqh li Nyqn,
i xyi dnqjh whq|i ln \iqmioqn Mom`n li Ik}okhjik|n} lh Oqjhklhli li ]hok| Fiqjhok,
liwno} ln xyh` n lo}mêwy`n }i ikmnk|qh mnj w`ikn mnkcimojik|n lh }yh wqi}ikæh ‐Iy ]ny‚+
Xyhk|n jho} dnq i}|ylhln i jilo|hln n mnk|iõln li}|h} wh`htqh}, jho} wqn|ifoln i i`ithln
}i |nqkhqè n lo}mêwy`n+
]haijn} xyi n hjhln Ji}|qi kín y}h kikcyjh lo}}ojy`hæín, hn jn}|qhq*kn} n} wiqofn} i
mnk}ixðåkmoh} nmh}onkhlh} çxyi`i} xyi dnmhqij }yh h|ikæín ij `io}, wi}}nh} i toaqhæùi}
okdiqonqi}, y|o`ouhkln*}i li }iy} ik}okhjik|n}+
Hxyo i}|ín, wnq|hk|n, n} Qify`hjik|n} Lotokn}+
N myjwqojik|n li}|i} ik}okhjik|n} liwikli ism`y}othjik|i ln lo}mêwy`n+

%%%%%%%%%%
Mhqn} oqjín} lh \iqqh,
Ik|qi n} tèqon} |qhah`cn} xyi qih`oun wnq tý}, okm`yn i}|i, qi}wnk}hao`ouhkln*ji wi`h wya`omhæín lofo|h` li}|i
@otqn, li}|okhln ç wya`omhæín fqh|yo|h ij kn}}h Aoa`on|imh I}n|ïqomh Toq|yh` +
]yw`omn hn} hjhln} oqjín} xyi, }i wn}}êti`, hwý} mnkcimiq h} wh`htqh} ln Ji}|qi ]hok| Fiqjhok, h}
qiji|ho} h |nln} n} xyi wqnmyqhj h @yu i, }i wnqtik|yqh, hljoko}|qho} h`fyj ]o|i, ji}jn xyi li kh|yqiuh
mnjiqmoh`, h} mn`nxyio} `è, lo}wnkêtio} whqh Lnvk`nhl ln} ok|iqkhy|h} to}o|hk|i}+
Dhuikln o}|n, i}|hqio} wqi}|hkln wqimon}n }iqtoæn ç cyjhkolhli+
Iy ]ny ímíqh
]iy Oqjín kh ]iklh lh @yu
@otqn Wya`omhln ij 78.78.71
@otqn qi*wya`omhln ij 19.73.7= ” I}|ojh|oth li `otqn} lo}|qoayêln} h|ï hfnqh5 97+777 `otqn}+
@otqn qi*wya`omhln ij 1?.76.7< ” I}|ojh|oth li `otqn} lo}|qoayêln} h|ï hfnqh5 67+777 `otqn}+

8
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]YJÈQON LI MHWO\Y@N]

WQIDÈMON 78 Mhwê|y`n}5
LO]MYQ]N O 7= 8µ Iy ]ny
LO]MYQ]N OO 74 1µ Liy} H|otn
LO]MYQ]N OOO 87 =µ Mok|yqín I`i|qükomn
LO]MYQ]N OT 8= <µ Dnfn Mqohlnq
LO]MYQ]N T 84 9µ Myqh ç} Khæùi}
LO]MYQ]N TO 17 4µ Ikdiqjolhli !Kín!
LO]MYQ]N TOO 1< 6µ Dhæh*}i h @yu
LO]MYQ]N TOOO 16 3µ N Wik}hjik|n
LO]MYQ]N OS =8 ?µ Jilo|hæín
LO]MYQ]N S =9 87µ Ikiqfoh Oki}fn|èti`
LO]MYQ]N SO =6 88µ Liy} Cojh`hoh
LO]MYQ]N SOO <7 81µ Liy} ij Hæín
LO]MYQ]N SOOO <= 8=µ !Iy ]ny!
LO]MYQ]N SOT <4 8<µ Dï * I}wiqhkæh * Mhqolhli
LO]MYQ]N ST <? 89µ H}|qn`nfoh !Kín!
LO]MYQ]N STO 9= 84µ Loh li Hæín li Fqhæh}
LO]MYQ]N STOO 94 86µ N} Hkli}
LO]MYQ]N STOOO 9? 83µ H|otolhli ]y` Hjiqomhkh
LO]MYQ]N SOS 41 8?µ Qhon Wi}}nh` li Ei}y}
LO]MYQ]N SS 4< 17µ Ikiqfoh H|qhtï} lh Jín
LO]MYQ]N SSO 43 18µ Kín Mnaqhq wnq Ik}okhq
LO]MYQ]N SSOO 68 11µ N W`hkn W}êxyomn
LO]MYQ]N SSOOO 69 1=µ Wqiwhqhæín lh Wè}mnh
LO]MYQ]N SSOT 66 1<µ N I`ijik|n Dnfn
LO]MYQ]N SST 37 19µ Loh li Kh|h`
LO]MYQ]N SSTO 3< 14µ Hy|n Mnqqiæín
LO]MYQ]N SSTOO 36 16µ Wiqifqokhæín li Ei}y}
LO]MYQ]N SSTOOO ?7 13µ H Qnlh Mý}jomh
LO]MYQ]N SSOS ?1 1?µ N} Ji}|qi} Mý}jomn}
LO]MYQ]N SSS ?= =7µ N Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh`
LO]MYQ]N SSSO ?9 =8µ Ei}y} i ]hok| Fiqjhok
LO]MYQ]N SSSOO ?3 =1µ ]ieho} Jho} Yj
LO]MYQ]N SSSOOO ?? ==µ Kntn Mom`n

1
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Iy ]ny
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Okdoko|h, Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh * \y, Wqokmêwon li Tolh Nkowiki|qhk|i( Ký} qiklijn}
`nytnq i fqhæh} wnq \yh H|otolhli Jhqhto`cn}h h|qhtï} li |nlh Wqi}ikæh is|iqkh+ Li \yh Wnliqn}h I}}åkmoh
wqntïj |yln n xyi iso}|i, i wn}}h h cyjhkolhli mnjwqiikliq xyi \y ï} }ijwqi i okmi}}hk|ijik|i Hy|n*
}y}|ik|hln+ \y, Wnliqn}n Wqokmêwon H|otn li Tolh, `hkæh}|i kh h|otolhli is|iqkh lh cyjhkolhli, jhkodi}|h
\yh ]ywqijh Ey}|oæh hfnqh ij |nln `yfhq+
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li @yu* Liy} ij Hæín( Fntiqkh h} jik|i} ln} cyjhkn} jhk|ikln*h} kh Tiqlhli i kh
Ey}|oæh i tå xyi \iy} Jik}hfioqn} }iehj mn`nmhln} ij |nlh} h} wn}oæùi} ndomoho}5 xyi khlh ln is|iqkn
ok|iqdoqh, whqh xyi kokfyïj kh cyjhkolhli wn}}h hmio|hq xyh`xyiq wik}hjik|n li limiwæín+
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij Hæín, `hkæh*|i ij |nlh} h} jik|i} iswqi}}hkln \yh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh Wqi}ikæh+
]hylhæùi}5 Iy tn} |qhfn }hylhæùi} ln} ]iqi} Wiqdio|n}, xyi li wikn i}|ín ti`hkln i |yln joko}|qhkln+
LO]MYQ]N
H Tolh, jhkodi}|hlh ij |nlh} h} }yh} h|otolhli}, ï Liy} ij Hæín i ï ykomhjik|i wi`h dh`|h li mnkcimojik|n
kh dnqjh li hey}|hq n wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n xyi h cyjhkolhli i}|è mnk}|hk|ijik|i ok|iqqnjwikln h wyqh
d`yåkmoh li}}h Wiqdio|h I}}åkmoh li Tolh xyi, kín dn}}i o}}n, iswqi}}hqoh kh|yqh`jik|i ]yh Wiqdioæín ij |nlh
whq|i+
H |iklåkmoh kh|yqh` lh Tolh ï hjnq, whu, ai`iuh, chqjnkoh i nwy`åkmoh, wnqxyi ç Tolh ï oklodiqik|i xyij
l&I`h dhu y}n, jh} i}|è mnk}|hk|ijik|i jntojik|hkln*}i whqh jhkodi}|hq mhlh tiu jho} ]yh Wiqdioæín h|qhtï}
lhxyi`i ojwy`}n h}mik}onkh` li }ijwqi xyi @ci ï okiqik|i+
!IY ]NY!
!IY ]NY! ï h H|otolhli l&I}|h Tolh+ Ï i}|qhkcn xyi h`fyk} i}|ylhk|i}, }okmiqhjik|i ok|iqi}}hln} ij }haiq,
kij }ijwqi mnk}ofhj mhw|hq n Tiqlhlioqn }ofkodomhln li}|h} lyh} wh`htqh}+
Xyhkln louio} i }ik|o} !IY ]NY! `oaiqho} h dnk|i lh I|iqkh, Ojnqqilnyqh Tolh, whqh xyi i`h wn}}h d`yoq hn
`nkfn li ]iy myq}n ojwiq|yqahti`jik|i+ Ij ny|qh} wh`htqh}5 haqo} hjw`hjik|i h wnq|h hn ]iy i}mnhjik|n
kh|yqh`+ Xyhkln louio} !Iy kín }ny!, dimcho} h wnq|h lohk|i li}}h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh+
!IY ]NY! ï h W`ikh H|otolhli li Liy}+ Eè tn} |ikln iswn}|n, |hk|h} tiui}, h Tiqlhli li Liy} ij Hæín,
li}ieh xyi mnjwqiiklho} ]yh wqojioqh iswqi}}ín kh oklotolyh`ouhæín+ H wqojioqh iswqi}}ín li |nln oklotêlyn
ij xyh`xyiq wnk|n ln Ykotiq}n, xyiq }ieh ij wh`htqh dh`hlh, xyiq ij wik}hjik|n ny }ik|ojik|n }o`ikmon}n, ï
IY ]NY, hn qimnkcimiq ]yh Wqýwqoh To|nqon}h Lotoklhli+
N i}|ylhk|i, hn i}dnqæhq*}i wnq mnjwqiikliq i hw`omhq i}|h} wnliqn}h}, hoklh xyi }ojw`i} @io}, liti isiqmiq
}itiqh tofo`ákmoh }naqi }iy} wik}hjik|n} i }yh} iswqi}}ùi}, wnq wh`htqh} ny li xyh`xyiq ny|qh jhkioqh, wno} h
mhlh jnjik|n xyi louio} !Iy kín }ny!, !Iy kín wn}}n!, !Iy kín |ikcn!, i}|ho}, mnk}moik|i ny
okmnk}moik|ijik|i, }ydnmhkln i}}h &Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq&, i ï |ín itolik|i mnjn }i mn`nmè}}io} h} jín}
ij tn`|h ln wi}mnæn li yqkh wi}}nh, mnj h lodiqikæh xyi, kn mh}n li yjh dnqjh is|iqkh, mnj n wik}hjik|n h
fntiqkhq tn}}h} jín}, wnlio} hdqnysè*`h} h xyh`xyiq jnjik|n, jh} xyhkln dhuio} yjh lim`hqhæín
ijwqifhkln h} Wh`htqh} !Iy kín }ny! jntojik|ho} yjh Wnliqn}h, O`ojo|hlh Ikiqfoh xyi mnk|okyhqè h hfoq, h
jikn} xyi i`h }ieh |qhk}jy|hlh i h ojwiqdioæín mnk}yjolh+
O}|n tn} jn}|qh n iknqji wnliq xyi wn}}yo} whqh xyh`odomhq i}|h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh li Liy} i iy tn} lim`hqn,
hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi h lokhjo|i ï jikn} wiqofn}h, wno} i`h tn} `oaiq|hqoh hwikh} ln mnqwn, ikxyhk|n xyi
i}}i} wik}hjik|n} li}fntiqkhln}, ijo|oln} wnq ofknqákmoh, tn} wqiklij !hl okdoko|yj! ç qnlh lh}
qiikmhqkhæùi}+
Wnlio} tiq, h}}oj, xyín ojwnq|hk|i ï whqh tý} }haiqli} n xyi i}|ho} dhuikln xyhkln, oqqid`i|olhjik|i, y}ho}
iswqi}}ùi} iqqükih}, wnqxyi i}|ho} y}hkln n Jho} Lotokn Wqokmêwon li H|otolhli ln Ykotiq}n * !IY ]NY!+
Kín ji ok|iqwqi|io} jh`, kín }i |qh|h li yjh iswqi}}ín tí, i}|qhkfioqh ny nqoik|h`, i }oj n Jho} H`|n
Wqokmêwon li Tolh, y}hln i iswqi}}n hn `nkfn li |nlh} h} moto`ouhæùi} xyi eè iso}|oqhj, wnqxyi h wqojioqh
iswqi}}ín li |nlh dnqjh li tolh hy|nmnk}moik|i ï !IY ]NY!+ Dno }njik|i jho} |hqli, ij }iy mnk|h|n mnj h
h|otolhli iqqükih is|iqonq, xyi i`i mnjiæny h hmio|hq h`fn ij fqhy okdiqonq hn !IY ]NY!+
Hfnqh, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín tili} xyi, xyhkln louio} !iy i}|ny lnik|i!, i}|ho} ey}|hjik|i oktiq|ikln i}}i
Wqokmêwon li Tolh xyi ï, wnq kh|yqiuh, |nlh Wiqdioæín, ojwqojokln*`ci h}}oj, wnq tn}}h tn`yk|èqoh ofknqákmoh,
h`fyjh mno}h xyi i`i, nqofokhqohjik|i, kykmh wn}}yoy>
H|qhtï} li `nkfn} }ïmy`n} li na}|okhlh ofknqákmoh i okmnjwqiik}ín h cyjhkolhli mhqqifny h wqýwqoh
h|jn}diqh ij ]iy qilnq mnj dh`}olhli i o`y}ín, wno} kín wqimo}n qiwi|oq*tn} xyi xyhkln louio} !Iy i}|ny
lnik|i! i}|ho} hdoqjhkln yjh d`hfqhk|i dh`}olhli ij qi`hæín ç tn}}h Lotoklhli, xyi ehjho} wnli }iq }ikín
Wiqdio|h, w`ikh li Tolh i ]hõli+
Jilo|ho i tiqio} xyi h`êton, xyi `oaiq|hæín wnliqè |qhuiq*tn} i}|h isw`omhæín(
Wimn*tn}, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n} * ij Knji li Liy}, mi}}ho li ijwqifhq i}}h} iswqi}}ùi} dh`}h} ij qi`hæín hn
tn}}n Liy} * tn}}h Lotoklhli ]ywqijh * wnqxyi ï ojwn}}êti` na|iq `oaiqlhli ikxyhk|n h}}oj wqnmiliqli}+

=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Kín ï kimi}}èqon xyi iy tn} dh`i jyo|h} tiui} }naqi o}}n, wno} xyhkln tiqlhlioqhjik|i qimnkcimio} i hmio|ho}
h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, ij tý}, wn}o|othjik|i kín cè jho} mnkloæùi} hltiq}h}+
Qimnjikln*tn}5 }i mnkmiliqli} wnliq h mnkloæùi} hltiq}h}, wi}}nh}, `yfhqi} ny mno}h}, i ij Knji li Liy},
h mhlh jnjik|n tn} hmchqli} h wnk|n li mnjiæhq h louiq !Iy i}|ny lnik|i!, !Iy i}|ny hqqyokhln!, !Iy kín
i}|ny ji }ik|okln aij!, oktiq|io ok}|hk|hkihjik|i i}}h mnkloæín, dh|h` hn tn}}n wqnfqi}}n, i lim`hqhq
jik|h`jik|i, jh} mnj |nlh h ok|ik}olhli li tn}}n }iq * Iy ]ny !IY ]NY! * xyi ï |nlh }hõli, nwy`åkmoh,
wiqdioæín, di`omolhli, whu, i n wnliq li qimnkcimiq Wiqdioæín ij |nlh whq|i+
Xyhkln wik}ho} kh iswqi}}ín !IY ]NY!, }ofkodomh xyi }haio} xyi |ikli} Liy} ij Hæín jhkodi}|hkln*}i ij
tn}}h tolh+ Kín liosio} xyi hxyi`h} iswqi}}ùi} dh`}h} mnk|okyij h tn} `ojo|hq+ Qi`ijaqho mnk|okyhjik|i5
!IY ]NY! Liy }ij Hæín *+ !IY ]NY! Tolh, Nwy`åkmoh, Tiqlhli, jhkodi}|hlh} eè+
@ijaqhkln*tn}, h}}oj, li}}h Oktikmêti`, Okmnkxyo}|èti` Wqi}ikæh, mnk}iqtho} h wnq|h haiq|h whqh ]yh wyqh,
Oktikmêti` I}}åkmoh i Ok|i`ofåkmoh |imiqij, ij tn}}h iswqi}}ín is|iqkh, i}}h jhqhto`cn}h Wiqdioæín+
Iy tn} }yw`omn, jiy} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín mnk|okyio} h ijwqifhq i}}h} iswqi}}ùi} jh`ïdomh}, ojhfokhkln
xyi, wnq h`fyj }ojw`i} wh}}i li jèfomh, wnlio} mn`ciq ank} qi}y`|hln}+ Ï ]OJW@I]JIK\I OJWN]]ÊTI@+
Jyo|n} li tý} }haio} xyi }i y}h, kn} qhkmcn} i dhuiklh}, n diqqi|i whqh jhqmhq h} qi}i} mnjn }okh` li
wqnwqoilhli ln} i}|hkmoioqn}+ \ín fqhkli ï jiy li}ien li xyi tn} dosio} kh mnk}moåkmoh lh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}
ij tý}, xyi xyh}i hjaomonkn hw`omhq yj diqqi|i h doj li jhqmhq h wh`htqh * !IY ]NY! * ij tý} i xyi kín
wn}}ho} }iwhqhq*tn} li }iy y}n mnk}|hk|i, kn ok|yo|n li xyi mnk|okyio} h qimnkcimiq, hmio|hq i y}hq i}|h
Wnliqn}h, F`nqon}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} * xyi }no}+
]i wnq hmh}n h`fyjh mnkloæín okdiqonq ç Wiqdioæín |ik|hq hwhqimiq ij tn}}h} iswiqoåkmoh}, lim`hqho
tiijik|ijik|i xyi o}|n kín ï tiqlhli, i xyi hmio|ho} }njik|i Liy} * h Wiqdioæín ij tn}}h Tolh ij |nlh
whq|i jhkodi}|hlh+ Ikxyhk|n hmio|hqli} dh`}h} hwhqåkmoh}, tå*`h}*io} jhkodi}|hlh} ij tn}}h Tolh i
iswiqoåkmoh+ Kín }i |qh|h, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, li yjh xyi}|ín li mqikæh li tn}}h whq|i, li hmio|hqli} ny kín
i}|h} Tiqlhli}5 i`h} }ín H @io, mnjwqnthlh lyqhk|i `nkfn} }ïmy`n} li iswiqoåkmoh, i }ín mn`nmhlh} lohk|i li
tý} whqh tn}}h @oaiq|hæín+
Mnk}oliqho n dh|n li xyi tn}}n} wik}hjik|n} i }ik|ojik|n} kn wh}}hln mnk}|qyêqhj i mqohqhj h li}hqjnkoh
ln tn}}n jykln li cnei+ Iqfyio*tn}( Ok}o}|n+ Iqfyio*tn}( I mhjokcho mnj n Who * n !IY
]NY! “ whqh xyi wn}}ho} domhq `otqi} li}}h} `ojo|hæùi}+ Iso}|i hwikh} yjh mno}h ki}|i Ykotiq}n xyi wnli
qnlihq*tn} li `ojo|hæín *, hmio|hq h hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh ij }ya}|o|yoæín ç Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij tý}+
Kn jykln nmolik|h` ï hfqhlèti` h olïoh li xyi ah}|h kín mqiq ny kín hmio|hq h hk|ofh olïoh nqoik|h` li
dio|oæhqoh whqh i}|hq wqn|ifoln mnk|qh i`h+ H dio|oæhqoh kín ï }ikín n jhy y}n ln} Wnliqi} I}woqo|yho}+ Kn}
mhjwn} lh wn`ê|omh, h|yh`jik|i, i}|è }ikln y}hlh h wonq i}wïmoi, hxyi`h xyi dno }ijwqi mnkcimolh kh co}|ýqoh
lh cyjhkolhli, h y|o`ouhæín li wnliq jik|h` jh` xyh`odomhln+
]i i}}h ji}jh |qijiklh dnqæh jik|h` dn}}i ijwqifhlh kn }ik|oln oktiq}n, ny }ieh, qimnkcimikln xyi ]ý
iso}|i Liy} ij Hæín ij |nln oklotêlyn xyi wqiikmci mhqfn} ndomoho}, hxyi`i xyi iktoh}}i i}|h xyh`olhli ny
i}|h Tiqlhli kín hwikh} lhqoh `oaiq|hæín h }o wqýwqon, mnjn |hjaïj n jykln lh wn`ê|omh }iqoh wqiikmcoln
mnj @oaiqlhli i Ey}|oæh+ Ik|ín, li}dqy|hqêhjn} li yj jykln kh|yqh`, nkli h Hæín li Liy} ojwiqhqoh ij
|nlh whq|i+
Hmnk|imi cnei n xyi hmnk|imiy ny|qnqh kn Ifo|n5 hxyi`i} xyi dhuij jhy y}n ln wnliq jik|h` }ywnq|hj n
}yw`êmon lh li}hqjnkoh, ikmhqkhæín hwý} ikmhqkhæín+
Dhuio n }ifyok|i wqnwý}o|n5 !Iy kín hmio|n mnkloæùi} li xyij xyiq xyi }ieh kij li mno}h h`fyjh xyi ji
miqxyi h kín }iq li Liy}, ln Aij i ln jiy !IY ]NY!, }ijwqi mnjhklhln wnq Liy}!+ \ikli} kimi}}olhli
li hlxyoqoq n cèao|n li fntiqkhq tn}}h ikiqfoh+ ]ik|ho*tn} |qå} ny xyh|qn tiui} wnq loh, i }ojw`i}jik|i
|qhkxyo`ouho n iy is|iqonq+ O}|n wiqjo|oqè xyi tn}}h ikiqfoh }ieh }ywqolh+ Hwqiklio h mnjhklhq i h mnk|qn`hq h
ikiqfoh ij tn}}n mnqwn+ ]i wqimo}hqli} li ikiqfoh mh`jh * }ili mh`jn}+ ]i wqimo}hqli} li ikiqfoh h|oth }ili
h|otn}+ Litio} ikdqik|hq, ikmhqhq h} }o|yhæùi} i }ywiqè*`h}+
N lo}mêwy`n wqimo}h i}|hq h`iq|h i li}mnaqoq }iy} cèao|n}, li}|qyokln*n}+ Kín litiqoh chtiq kimi}}olhli li
hwnk|è*`n} wnqxyi i`i |ij naqofhæín li n`chq whqh lik|qn li }o ji}jn i is|oqwhq |yln n xyi kín ï wiqdio|n+
O}}n |qhu mnk}ofn yjh `oaiqlhli ojwn}}êti` li }iq na|olh wnq ny|qh jhkioqh+
Mnk}iqthq }iy} ti`cn} cèao|n} ï ey}|hjik|i mnjn ti}|oq ti`ch} qnywh} y}hlh}+ N lo}mêwy`n kín liti i}wiqhq
xyi h`fyïj dhæh i}}h} mno}h} wnq i`i+ Kokfyïj }ikín i`i wqýwqon liti dhuå*`n+
Ki}|i |qhah`cn, i }na i}|h qhlohæín, |yln n xyi }i hmch `h|ik|i kn oklotêlyn tij ç |nkh whqh }iq mnk}yjoln+
Myolho aij whqh kín doshq h h|ikæín }naqi n xyi kín xyiqio} tiq hwhqimiq ij tn}}h tolh+
Ï |n|h`jik|i qolêmy`n mnk|okyhq qi`ijaqhkln ok}ymi}}n} ln wh}}hln+ ]i mnk}|qyê}|i} tn}}h} `ojo|hæùi} lyqhk|i
}ïmy`n} i wnlio}, wnq tn}}h h|ikæín i i}dnqæn wi}}nh`, li`h} tn} `oaiq|hq ij wnymn} hkn}, ik|ín kín th`i h
wikh> Kín ï jhqhto`cn}n>

<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Whqh dyfoq h yjh moqmyk}|ákmoh li}hfqhlèti`, ç} tiui}, n jion jho} qèwoln i wnliqn}n ï ijwqifhq n }ik}n li
cyjnq, wno} yjh lo}wn}oæín h`ifqi i hkojhlh `oaiqh h ikiqfoh xyi jyo|h} tiui} wiqjo|i yjh |qhk}dnqjhæín
jhqhto`cn}h+
Hxyi`i xyi }i i}dnqæhq qi}n`y|hjik|i wnq }i `oaiq|hq oktnmhkln h @io ln Wiqlín wnliqè mnk}yjoq |nlh} h}
mqohæùi} wh}}hlh} kh Mchjh Ton`i|h Mnk}yjolnqh i }iq `otqi+ Litio} domhq mnk}moik|i} li xyi h Mchjh ï h
Wqi}ikæh H|oth li Liy} hfokln, |qhk}jy|hkln i wyqodomhkln+
Xyhkln |otiqli} h ok|yoæín li dhuiq h`fn mnk}|qy|otn, isimy|ho* n mnj wiq}itiqhkæh, mnjw`i|hkln*n+ Xyi h
jhkodi}|hæín tikch ny kín hfnqh, ï mno}h xyi kín litiqè ha}n`y|hjik|i }iq mnk}oliqhlh+
Ji}jn xyi }ý ok|i`im|yh`jik|i n} i}|ylhk|i} mnkciæhj yjh mno}h, }ij |å*`h iswiqojik|hln, kín litij
wiqjo|oq xyi h jik|i mnk|okyi qi|qnmilikln h mnkloæùi} ojwiqdio|h}, xyhkln }haij xyi `ci} }ín kidh}|h}+
Ï okhmqilo|èti` xyi h} wi}}nh} kín mnk}ofhj }yaeyfhq i}}i okojofn ij }yh} mnk}moåkmoh}+ Kikcyj lo}mêwy`n
wnliqè |qoykdhq, h|ï xyi mi}}i li tn`|hq*}i whqh h} ti`ch} mnkloæùi} kifh|oth} li xyi i}|è wqnmyqhkln }i
`oaiq|hq+
\nln n |qhah`cn li yj ji}|qi ï mnk}ifyoq jion} li isw`omhq hn lo}mêwy`n h h|otolhli lh hmio|hæín+ H jik|i
hmio|h hxyo`n mnj xyi n oklotêlyn mnkmnqlh, h|qhtï} li }yh h|ikæín, lioshkln xyi n} lno} }i |nqkij yj+
Xyhkln h jik|i hmio|h i mnkmnqlh mnj yjh mno}h ny mnkloæín, h wi}}nh hy|njh|omhjik|i h okmnqwnqh hn }iy
jykln+ Nkli xyiq xyi liosio} tn}}h h|ikæín li|iq*}i, i}|ho} mnkmnqlhkln mnj n xyi `ci lou qi}wio|n i
hmio|hkln2 wnqxyi, wi`h h|ikæín, dhuio} mnj xyi h jik|i }i |nqki ykh mnj h mno}h dnmh`ouhlh+
]i yjh wi}}nh to}}i yjh mh}mhti` ikqn`hlh, oqoh hwqnsojhq*}i whqh }iq h|hmhlh> M`hqn xyi kín( Ik|qi|hk|n, ï
o}}n n xyi dhuij n} lo}mêwy`n} xyhkln wiqjo|ij xyi }yh h|ikæín }i tn`|i whqh n} }iy} wqna`ijh}+
Cè hwikh} lyh} h|otolhli} kh Tolh, i }i kín lioshqli} n Ok|iqonq fntiqkhq li hmnqln mnj n ]iy w`hkn li
Wiqdioæín, ï ik|ín n is|iqonq xyi }i }naqiwùi+ Xyhkln yj xyhlqn mnk}|qy|otn ï wqnei|hln }naqi tn}}h jik|i, ï
yjh qih`olhli2 i i}}h qih`olhli tij ç |nkh }i ki`h doshqli} tn}}n wik}hjik|n+
I wn}}êti` h`fyïj |nqkhq*}i |ín mnk}moik|i li }yh wqýwqoh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, xyi h xyh`xyiq jnjik|n wnli
tiq i }ik|oq ]yh Qhlohæín tiq|ikln }naqi }o ji}jn+
Ij qi`hæín h mno}h} }ywïqd`yh}, n is|iqkn liwn}o|h |nlh h mnkdohkæh kn jykln lh jh|ïqoh+ Mnjwi|i hn
lo}mêwy`n naqofè*`n h mnkdohq kh Wiqdioæín li Liy} mnjn mnkdoh kh ojwiqdioæín ln} }ik|oln}+
N lo}mêwy`n liti }ijwqi mnk|hq mnk}ofn ji}jn2 i mnk}|hk|ijik|i wik}hq5 !Mnjn wn}}n y}hq h} ok}woqhæùi}
xyi ji dnqhj lhlh} whqh ok|ik}odomhq i}|h h|otolhli>!

9
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Liy} H|otn
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Wqi}ikæh Okdoko|h i Nkowiki|qhk|i * \y, Wnliqn}n Ji}|qi lik|qn li mhlh dnqjh
cyjhkh( Ký} qimnkcimijn} i hmio|hjn} \yh Wqi}ikæh W`ikh jhkodi}|hlh lik|qn li}}h} dnqjh}, i lik|qn lh
dnqjh cyjhkh li mhlh oklotêlyn xyi Liy} ijo|oy+ Ký} \i `nythjn} i hfqhlimijn} wnqxyi dokh`jik|i kn}
|nqkhjn} mnk}moik|i} li}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh whqh Xyij wnlijn} kn} tn`tiq i qimnkcimiq mnjn h
W`iko|yli lh H|otolhli li Liy}, n !IY]NY! li |nlh} h} mno}h}+
]hylhæùi} h |nln} tý}+
LO]MYQ]N
Xyhkln Ei}y} lo}}i5 !IY ]NY h qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!, wqndiqoy yjh lh} jho} wnliqn}h} Hdoqjhæùi} xyi
wnlij }iq iswqi}}h}+
Hn louiq !IY ]NY! I`i kín }i qidiqoy ç iswqi}}ín is|iqkh, jh} }oj ç Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh ln Liy} Ok|iqonq,
wnqxyi lo}}i qiwi|olh} tiui}5 !Iy, wnq joj, khlh wn}}n dhuiq, ï n Who, kn jiy ok|iqonq * n !IY ]NY! * xyi
qih`ouh h} naqh}!+
Lo}}i, ny|qh tiu, Ei}y}5 *!IY ]NY n Mhjokcn, h Tiqlhli i h Tolh!, qimnkcimikln n \n|h` i Õkomn Wnliq *
Liy} ij Hæín lik|qn li`i+
Yjh ny|qh tiu I`i lo}}i5 !IY ]NY h `yu ln jykln2 n xyi ji }ifyi kín hklh kh} |qith}, jh} |iqè h `yu lh
tolh!, okomohkln mhlh hdoqjhæín li ojwnq|ákmoh to|h` mnj h} wh`htqh} !IY ]NY!+
Mnk}oliqhq n !IY ]NY! mnjn |nlh i xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi li}ieho} }iq ï yj ln} jho} wnliqn}n} jion} whqh
`oaiqhq n Wnliq Ok|iqkn li
Liy}, Hjnq, ]hailnqoh i Tiqlhli, i wü*`n ij hæín kh iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh+
Thjn} kn} qidiqoq ç ]yh Wnliqn}h ikykmohæín, |h`tiu yjh lh} jho} fqhklon}h} ehjho} iswqi}}h} ij
`okfyhfij dh`hlh5 !IY ]NY h Wnq|h Haiq|h xyi cnjij h`fyj wnli dimchq!+ Wiqmiaio} h ojwnq|ákmoh to|h` li
|yln o}}n> Xyhkln mnjwqiikliqli} w`ikhjik|i i}|h} hdoqjhæùi}, ik|ín tn} lhqio} mnk|h lh fqhkliuh li }iy
h`mhkmi+
Kn jnjik|n xyi qimnkcimiqli} i hmio|hqli} w`ikhjik|i !IY ]NY! mnjn h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij
tý} * ij hæín, |iqio} lhln yj ln} jho} ojwnq|hk|i} wh}}n} whqh h `oaiq|hæín+
Hfnqh, dosho*tn} aij kh hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h Wnq|h Haiq|h xyi cnjij h`fyj wnli dimchq!2 }i wyliqli}
mnjwqiiklå*`h, |iqio} h mchti xyi tn} wiqjo|oqè h|qhti}}hq n tïy lh jh|ïqoh, mhqqifhkln mnktn}mn |nlh h
mnk}moåkmoh xyi fiqh}|i} ny hmyjy`h}|i}, xyi ï ojwiqdio|h, whqh ik|ín |qhk}jy|è*`h ny i`itè*`h h|ï h wiqdioæín
kh xyh` okfqi}}h}|i}+
Kykmh ï lijho} n i}dnqæn ij }h`oik|hq h ojwnq|ákmoh li jilo|hqli}, |hk|n xyhk|n wn}}êti`, kn !IY ]NY!
mnjn }ikln h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh H|oth li Liy} ij tý}, ij tn}}n `hq, ij tn}}n jykln, ij tn}}n} kifýmon}+
Mhlh tiu xyi qi}woqho}, ï Liy} ij Hæín ij tý}+ Tn}}h dhmy`lhli li iswqi}}hq ny ijo|oq wik}hjik|n} i
}ik|ojik|n} ï Liy} hfokln ij tý}+ Mnjn }no} ln|hlh} li `otqi* hqaê|qon, liwikli ykomhjik|i li tý}
xyh`odomhq aij ny jh` h ikiqfoh ijo|olh wnq tn}}n} wik}hjik|n} i }ik|ojik|n}, i li|iqjokhq mnjn i}}h
ikiqfoh hfoqè wnq tý}+
Kokfyïj wnliqè wiqfyk|hq5 !Mnjn }haiqio xyh`odomhq i}}h ikiqfoh!> \nln} mnkcimij h lodiqikæh ik|qi
wik}hjik|n, }ik|ojik|n i hæín, li}|qy|otn} i mnk}|qy|otn}+
N lo}mêwy`n xyi i}|è qimiaikln i}|h ok}|qyæín litiqè mnk}|hk|ijik|i hkh`o}hq n jn|otn xyi }i hmch wnq li|qè}
lh xyi}|ín i okti}|ofhq }i i}}i jn|otn mnk|ïj h`fyj }ik|ojik|n li nqfy`cn ok|i`im|yh`, hqqnfákmoh ny
|iojn}oh kh jik|i is|iqkh i kn mnqwn+ ]i cnytiq kn jn|otn yj li}ien nmy`|n li okxyoqoq whqh wqnthq xyi h
ok}|qyæín i}|è iqqhlh, hn oktï} li qimiaiq h Aåkæín i h Tiqlhli wqi|iklolh} n oklotêlyn, okmnk}moik|ijik|i,
dimchqè h wnq|h wnq h`fyj |ijwn ç mhwhmolhli li qimiaiq n aij xyi `ci dno ndiqimoln+
Xyiqn hoklh `ijaqhq hn} lo}mêwy`n}, kín na}|hk|i }yh} nwokoùi} wi}}nho} h qi}wio|n ln xyi wn}}h }iq h
Tiqlhli, xyi iswiqojik|io, wnq jyo|n} }ïmy`n}, i}}h} ok}|qyæùi} mnklik}hlh} xyi i}|ín }ikln hfnqh
loty`fhlh}+ ]i h`fyïj li}iehq qimiaiq n jhonq aikidêmon wn}}êti` i n ik|iklojik|n xyi |qhqín, mnj ha}n`y|h
miq|iuh, }yh okliwiklåkmoh i `oaiq|hæín, litiqè nytoq mnj h jik|i ok|ioqhjik|i haiq|h, moik|i li xyi n !IY
]NY! * h H|oth Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij mhlh yj ï }yh mhwhmolhli okdh`êti` li qimiaiq, hmio|hq i hw`omhq }ij
`ojo|i h ok}|qyæín xyi i}|è }ikln joko}|qhlh+ I`h ï hmnjwhkchlh li yjh qhlohæín xyi |nqkhqè wn}}êti` h
h`fyk} lo}mêwy`n}, cnei ij loh, ik|ikliqij i}}h} }ojw`i}, hoklh xyi wnliqn}h}, H}}iqæùi} lh Tiqlhli whqh
}yh fqhkli aåkæín i `oaiq|hæín+
Lyqhk|i jyo|n} }ïmy`n} |ij }oln qiwi|oln ç cyjhkolhli5 !Kokfyïj wnli }iqtoq h lno} }ikcnqi}!+ I wnq xyi
o}|n h}}oj ï> Wqojioqn, wnqxyi }ý iso}|i Yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, Yjh Wqi}ikæh, Yj Wnliq mnj mhwhmolhli li hfoq,
i ï h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} hfokln ij tý}+ Xyhkln tn} okm`okho} ç jhkodi}|hæín is|iqkh, lhkln wnliq h |nlh
i}wïmoi li iswqi}}ùi} i hwhqåkmoh}, i}|ho} |ik|hkln }iqtoq h yj }ikcnq dh`}n i y}yqwhlnq, wnqxyi h iswqi}}ín
is|iqkh }ý |ij wn}}oao`olhli li ikmnk|qhq yjh hwhqåkmoh, h|qhtï} ln y}n lh Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh li Liy}+

4
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Tn}}h mhwhmolhli li iqfyiq h jín, i hoklh, h Tolh d`yokln h|qhtï} ln }o}|ijh kiqtn}n li tn}}h dnqjh is|iqkh,
ï !Liy} ij Hæín! ij tn}}n mnqwn+ Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, iswiqojik|ho ijwqifhq i}|i jion }ojw`i} li
jijnqouhq Liy} ij Hæín ij tý}+
Wnq nmh}oín li }hoqli} ç qyh, wik}ho wnq yj ok}|hk|i5 !O}|n qiwqi}ik|h h ok|i`ofåkmoh i n Wnliq li Liy} xyi ji
wiqjo|ij mhjokchq, i i}|h ï ]yh ok|i`ofåkmoh jilohk|i h xyh` iy }io whqh nkli ji loqoen!+ Ik|ín, tiqio} xyi
kín ï jho} wn}}êti` lioshq li mnjwqiikliq xyi mhlh jntojik|n xyi dhuio} ï Liy} ij Hæín+ Mhlh
wik}hjik|n, ij tn}}h jik|i, ï Ikiqfoh Lotokh xyi tn} lè h wn}}oao`olhli li wik}hq+ Xyhkln hljo|oqli} o}}n
mnjn yj dh|n * i kín wnli chtiq lõtolh h qi}wio|n * wnq xyi kín hlnqhq, liwn}o|hq |nlh mnkdohkæh, mqikæh i dï,
i hmio|hq i}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij Hæín ij tý}, ij tiu li mnk}oliqhq h iswqi}}ín is|iqkh xyi ï
ti}|olh, xyh`odomhlh i mn`nqolh wi`n is|iqonq, ny }ieh, n mnkmio|n cyjhkn lh} mno}h} oklodiqik|i ç Ykh Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh xyi wiqjo|i hn is|iqkn iswqi}}hq*}i>
\nlh dnqjh is|iqkh kín ï }ikín yjh whq|i lh Tolh jilohk|i h xyh` mhlh oklotêlyn liti qimnkcimiq * h|qhtï}
lh} wqýwqoh} iswiqoåkmoh} * h Tiqlhlioqh Dnk|i ln }iy ]iq i qi|nqkhq ç w`iko|yli lh wiqdioæín wnq jion lh
}hailnqoh hy|n*mnk}moik|i h}}oj h`mhkæhlh+
H iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh lh Tolh khlh jho} ï xyi yj okmi}}hk|i i jy|èti` do`ji wh}}hfioqn xyi h jik|i is|iqkh
mqony, wqi}yjokln }iq n hy|nq qih`+ Li jnln xyi h h|ikæín }i dosh mnk}|hk|ijik|i kn is|iqonq, xyi }ý mnk|ïj
ojwiqdioæín, h wnk|n li n} Do`cn} li Liy} i}xyimiqij }yh wqýwqoh Lotoklhli+ Jh} h I`h litij qi|nqkhq+
Liy} ï n Lnhlnq, n Qimiailnq i h Lnhæín, n Õkomn Wn}}yolnq li |nlh ok|i`ofåkmoh, }ya}|ákmoh, ikiqfoh i
nwy`åkmoh xyi cè kn Ykotiq}n+ ]i n} Do`cn} li Liy} hwqikli}}ij h lhq wi`n wqhuiq li lhq * hjnq, lokcioqn,
}iqtoæn ny n xyi xyiq xyi }ieh * haqoqohj h wnq|h h yjh nwy`åkmoh |ín th}|h, xyi `ci} }iqoh ojwn}}êti` }ik|oq
dh`|h li xyh`xyiq mno}h kh iswqi}}ín is|iqkh+
N jh` lh cyjhkolhli, xyi |ij mhy}hln li}jiloln ifnê}jn i mnklikhæín }ij wqimilik|i} li yk} whqh mnj
n} ny|qn}, ï h olïoh li ok}o}|oq kh wn}}i wi}}nh` i lnjêkon li}}h} jhqhto`cn}h} lèloth} li Liy}, xyhkln cè
ykomhjik|i Yj Hjnq ij hæín, Yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, Wnliq i ]ya}|ákmoh, ny }ieh, Liy} ij mhlh oklotêlyn+ H
hltiq|åkmoh xyi litiqoh i}|hq wqi}ik|i h |nln lo}mêwy`n i oklotêlyn ï wqimhtiq* }i mnk|qh n li}ien ln iy
is|iqonq li h|qoayoq wnliq h }o ji}jn+ ]i ij mhlh h|n lh wiq}nkh`olhli cnyti}}i w`ikh mnkdohkæh ij Liy},
|qhk}dnqjhæùi} okhmqilo|ètio} |iqohj xyi idi|yhq*}i kn }iq, wnq liwn}o|hq hjw`n mqïlo|n h xyij wiq|ikmi wnq
loqio|n+
Qhqhjik|i |ij chtoln yjh mnjwqiik}ín mnqqi|h h qi}wio|n li }ywqojik|n i lijhklh+ Cè, wn}o|othjik|i,
hayklhk|i }ywqojik|n nkowqi}ik|i, jh} h lijhklh liti }iq dio|h hk|i} xyi h @io ln Ykotiq}n wiqjo|h }yh
iswqi}}ín whqh y}n ln oklotêlyn+
N oklotêlyn, ln|hln, mnjn ï, li `otqi*hqaê|qon, liti mnk}moik|ijik|i i mnj doqji li|iqjokhæín dhuiq n
wiloln, i i}|i kín lioshqè li iswqi}}hq*}i, }ieh i`i xyh` dnq, li}li xyi h wi}}nh xyi wili jhk|ikch h
mnk}moåkmoh qi}n`y|h i okhah`èti`+ I}|h }ojw`i} hdoqjhæín ijwqifhlh mnj li|iqjokhæín }okmiqh5 !Iy ]ny &IY
]NY& h fqhkli Nwy`åkmoh li Liy} dio|h to}êti` whqh jiy y}n mnqqi|n, hfnqh i }ijwqi!, |qhqè hn oklotêlyn |yln
xyhk|n wn}}oti`jik|i wn}}h li}iehq+
N i`ijik|n `ojo|hlnq, ln xyh` jyo|n} lo}mêwy`n} whqimij i}|hq okdnqjhln}, ï xyi i`i} mnjiæhj lim`hqhkln h
Tiqlhli, mnjn wnq isijw`n ki}|h hdoqjhæín2 hk|i}, wnqïj, li }i i}mnhqij h`fyjh} cnqh}, hn }i hkh`o}hqij
cnki}|hjik|i, tín ikmnk|qhq ij }iy} }ik|ojik|n} |qhæn} li lõtolh ny |ijnq+ O}}n, kh|yqh`jik|i, kiy|qh`ouh
ij fqhkli i}mh`h h dnqæh mnk}|qy|oth, xyi li ny|qn jnln wnliqoh idi|yhq qhwolhjik|i h qih`ouhæín ln li}ien
ny wiloln+
Yjh tiu xyi n lo}mêwy`n wn}}h mnjwqiikliq ok|ifqh`jik|i xyi |nln li}ien ny wiloln ey}|n ï Liy }ij Hæín
mnjwi`okln }yh ikiqfoh whqh h w`ikh qih`ouhæín, i xyi ï }ijwqi Hy|n*}y}|ik|hln, |nqkhq*}i* è mnk}moik|i ln
o`ojo|hln Hjnq, Wnliq i Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi wn}}yo whqh h|okfoq xyh`xyiq naei|otn+
Mnj i}|h }ojw`i} mnjwqiik}ín, h wh`htqh dqhmh}}n }iqoh mnjw`i|hjik|i hwhfhlh ln }iy jykln, i ij wnymn
|ijwn, li }yh mnk}moåkmoh, wnqxyi tiqodomhqoh i}|hq loqofokln yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wnliq xyi kín wnlij
dqhmh}}hq+ H}}oj ï xyi lo}mêwy`n} i oklotêlyn} mcifhj hn }iy lnjêkon w`ikn, mnjn ï li}êfkon li Liy}+
Ehjho} dno wqnwý}o|n ln Fqhkli Who \nln*]hailnqoh, \nln*Hjnq, xyi h xyh`xyiq yj li }iy} do`cn} dh`|h}}i h
jiknq mno}h2 jh} wnq wiqjo|oqij }yh h|ikæín doshq*}i kh hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh, xyi ï mnjn h} hqioh} jntiloæh}
ln li}iq|n, }iwhqhqhj*}i i`i} ji}jn}, mnk}moik|i ny okmnk}moik|ijik|i, li}}h Fqhkli Nwy`åkmoh i
Ok|i`ofåkmoh+
I}}h Fqhkli Nwy`åkmoh ï wh|qojükon }iy, i wnli na|å*`h |nln hxyi`i xyi }i tn`|hq whqh n !IY ]NY!, n
Wqokmêwon H|otn li Liy}, i|iqkhjik|i lik|qn li`i wqýwqon, mnjn h Õkomh Dnk|i li Tolh H|oth, li ok|i`ofåkmoh
i Nwy`åkmoh+
Ij |nlh} h} ïwnmh} iso}|oqhj li|iqjokhlh} knqjh} li mnkly|h kimi}}èqoh} hn lo}mêwy`n xyi li}ieh h`mhkæhq
miq|h} ji|h}+ O}|n }i qidiqi ç mnk}iqthæín i hn fntiqkn lh Dnqæh To|h` wnq jion ln }isn+
Whqh yj oklotêlyn xyi |ikch i}|hln y}hkln i}|h ikiqfoh }ij kikcyjh ok|ikæín li fntiqkè*`h, louiq
}yao|hjik|i5 !lioshqio o}|n, }ieh mnjn dnq!, }ij h mnjwqiik}ín lh h|o|yli mnqqi|h li mnkcimojik|n, }iqoh

6
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
}ojw`i}jik|i }ywqojoq yj d`ysn li ikiqfoh xyi wnli d`yoq kyjh loqiæín iqqhlh+ Whqh n lo}mêwy`n xyi li}iei
fntiqkhq o}|n, wqnthqè }iq jyo|n idomoik|i h }ojw`i} hdoqjhæín xyi }i }ifyi * }i y}hlh mnjwqiik}othjik|i *
jho} ln xyi xyh`xyiq ny|qh mno}h xyi ij whq|omy`hq wn}}h }iq }yfiqolh+ I`h mnk|qn`hqè, knqjh` i kh|yqh`jik|i,
n d`ysn lh Ikiqfoh lh Tolh, i n mnklyuoqè li tn`|h hn ok|iqonq ln} }iy} mhkho} kh|yqho}+ Ï h Wnliqn}h
Hdoqjhæín li Ei}y}5 !IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!+
I}}h hdoqjhæín kín }ý wyqodomhqè n wik}hjik|n, mnjn |hjaïj ï h jho} wnliqn}h, ish`|hlnqh i hey}|hlnqh
dnqæh h }iq ijwqifhlh kh mnqqiæín lh jhonq lh} ahqqioqh} xyi ojwilij li h|okfoq h w`ikh h`|yqh lh qih`ouhæín
i}woqo|yh`+ \nln hxyi`i xyi mnjiæhq h }ik|oq n Ojwy`}n Ok|iqkn li mnqqofoq i}}h mnkloæín, i ijwqifhq mnj
}iqoilhli i mnk}|ákmoh h hdoqjhæín lhlh, dhqè }yaoq i}}h jhqhto`cn}h mnqqik|i li ikiqfoh hn jho} h`|n mik|qn
}o|yhln kn mïqiaqn, |h` mnjn dno w`hkiehln nqofokh`jik|i+
I`i |iqè h jik|i okyklhlh lh} olïoh} jho} hljoqètio}, li hayklhk|i wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq i mhwhmolhli xyi
mnjiæhqín h iswqi}}hq*}i whqh y}n i aikidêmon li |nlh h cyjhkolhli+ Wiæn h xyh`xyiq lo}mêwy`n xyi hw`oxyi
o}|n i hfyhqli n} qi}y`|hln} ij }yh wqýwqoh jik|i i mnqwn+
]ik|o wqndyklhjik|i i}|h hdoqjhæín li Ei}y}5 !IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!+ Qiwi|o*h |qå} tiui},
}o`ikmon}h ny hyloti`jik|i, i kn|ho h i`ithæín li mnk}moåkmoh xyi iswiqojik|hqio}+ H`fyk} |iqín kimi}}olhli
li qiwi|oq tèqoh} tiui} whqh }ik|oqij h i}whk|n}h ish`|hæín xyi ny|qn} iswiqojik|hqín lohk|i lh wqojioqh
|ik|h|oth+ O}}n tn} lhqè yjh wè`olh olïoh ln xyi wnli }iq mnk}ifyoln wi`n }iy y}n mnk|okyhln+
Kín cè }ikín yj jion li tikmiq yjh mnkloæín wiq|yqahlnqh ny }ywiqè*`h, xyi ï5 liwno} li mnkcimiqli} h
}o|yhæín li xyi tn} litio} `otqhq, hdh}|ho li`h tn}}h h|ikæín is|iqkh wnq mnjw`i|n, dîshkln*h wiq}o}|ik|ijik|i
kh hdoqjhæín hmojh+ Xyh`xyiq mnkloæín xyi }i li}iei tikmiq kh iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh wnli }iq wqnk|hjik|i
}ywiqhlh mnj n ijwqifn li}|h hdoqjhæín, |ín aij mnjn kn mh}n li li}tohq n d`ysn lh ikiqfoh jh` loqofolh+
Iy |oti yjh lo}mêwy`h xyi }ik|oy n Ojwy`}n Ok|iqkn li qimnklyuoq i}}h Ikiqfoh Wnliqn}h, i n y}n |ín*}njik|i
li}|h }ojw`i} hdoqjhæín |nqkny*h mhwhu, mnj wnymh heylh, li i`ithq n mnqwn+ Ij yj hkn nwiqny*}i yjh
|qhk}dnqjhæín jhqhto`cn}h ij |nlh h }yh hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh+ Whqimi okmqêti` xyi |ín wnymn} lh cyjhkolhli
wn}}hj mnkmiaiq h wnliqn}h ojwnq|ákmoh li}}h} jhfkêdomh} Wh`htqh} li ]hailnqoh, mnk|olh} kh} }ik|ikæh}
qifo}|qhlh} h|qoayêlh} h Ei}y}, i xyi }ín hwikh} yjh whq|i lh} xyi I`i qih`jik|i loty`fny+
Ij |ijwn h`fyj lh co}|ýqoh ln jykln dnqhj lhlh} |hk|h} hdoqjhæùi} wnliqn}h} mnjn h} xyi I`i ik}okny+
Mhlh yjh li`h}, xyhkln y}hlh mnk}moik|ijik|i, mnk|ïj h qhlohæín wqýwqoh i n |h`ik|n mnj xyi I`i |qoykdny+
Tý} wn}}yê} kín hwikh} i}|i wnliq ln !IY ]NY! mnjn |hjaïj h h}}o}|åkmoh oklotolyh` li Ei}y}, xyhkln
dhuio} i}}h} hdoqjhæùi}+ Litiq*}i*oh jilo|hq mnj dqixðåkmoh }naqi n ]ofkodomhln qih` lh} ]yh} wnliqn}h}
hdoqjhæùi}+ @nfn xyi |otiqli} mnjwqiikloln xyi tn}}n wik}hjik|n, }ik|ojik|n, i n dh|n li iswqi}}hq n !IY
]NY! wùij ij hæín h Wnliqn}h Dnqæh li Liy} ij tý} “ }ij xyh`xyiq `ojo|i * qimiaiqio} hxyo`n xyi
mnk}|o|yo tn}}n li}ien+
N lo}mêwy`n kín litiqoh |iq lodomy`lhli ij tiq i ik|ikliq xyi h hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh khlh jho} ï ln xyi yjh
lo}|nqmolh mqohæín ln cnjij, xyi h|qoayo hn is|iqkn h dnk|i li wnliq, xyhkln yj }ý jnjik|n li qid`isín
`itè*`n*oh h mnjwqiikliq xyi iso}|i hwikh} Yj Hjnq, Yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Yj Wnliq mnj mhwhmolhli li hfoq,
xyi ï Liy}+
N `hln cyjhkn, xyiq }iehj n} lidio|n} is|iqkn} ny h} lo}mqiwákmoh}, khlh |ij h tiq mnj h Nkowqi}ik|i
Wiqdioæín li Liy}, wnqxyi |yln n xyi ï ojwiqdio|n ï mqohæín lh mnkmiwæín is|iqkh lh cyjhkolhli+ ]i n
cnjij tn`|hq*}i whqh n }iy Iy ]ywiqonq, }haikln xyi Liy} ï |nln Wiqdioæín i xyi xyh`xyiq hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh
ï hwikh} mqohæín cyjhkh, wnq jion ln y}n oklitoln ln Wnliq li Liy}, }i mnk}oliqhq i hmio|hq }okmiqhjik|i h
Wiqdioæín li Liy}, tiqè, ij }ifyolh, jhkodi}|hq*}i ij }yh tolh i iswiqoåkmoh i}}h ji}jh Wiqdioæín Wnliqn}h+
Kín cè wn}}oao`olhli li |qhuiq i}}h Wiqdioæín whqh tn}}h jik|i, mnqwn i iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh, h kín }iq wi`n
mnkcimojik|n i hmio|hæín lh Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij tý}+ \h` qimnkcimojik|n w`ikn oklyuoqè i}|i Wnliq
Ok|iqkn h ojwi`oq i}}h Wiqdioæín li Liy} whqh tn}}h to}êti` iswiqoåkmoh is| iqkh+
Louio hn} lo}mêwy`n} !Mnjn yj Jik}hfioqn li}}h Tiqlhli, Iy ]ny &IY ]NY& loty`fhkln Hdoqjhæùi} lh
Tiqlhli xyi wn}o|othjik|i wqnlyuoqín qi}y`|hln}, }i dnqij jhk|olh} i y}hlh} }ij i}jnqimojik|n!+ N}
lo}mêwy`n} wik}hj xyi i`h} kín lhqín qi}y`|hln * o}}n wnqxyi dhuij cnei yjh mno}h i kh }ijhkh }ifyok|i
i}xyimij |yln+
N li}ien li @yu i Tiqlhli ï h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} kn li}ien, ojwi`okln h ]o Ji}jh h ik|qhq ij hæín+ Whqh
na|iq o`yjokhæín, y}ho i}|h }ik|ikæh5 !IY ]NY h w`ikh mnjwqiik}ín i o`yjokhæín li}|i h}}yk|n xyi iy
wqimo}n }haiq i mnjwqiikliq!+
Kn loh ij xyi tn}}n} n`cn} }i haqoqij whqh tiq h`fyk} li}}i} Jhqhto`cn}n} ]iqi} H}mik}onkhln}, tn}}h
h`ifqoh wiqlyqhqè wnq |nlh h i|iqkolhli+
]i yjh wi}}nh kín h}}yjoq h h|o|yli5 !Iy |ikcn mhwhmolhli whqh dhuiq o}|n!, kykmh kn jykln wnliqè qih`ouhq
hxyo`n xyi li}ieh+
Kn jnjik|n ij xyi lim`hqho}5 !IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!, ij wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n,
ojiloh|hjik|i tn`|h*}i |nlh h ikiqfoh li tn}}n ]iq whqh n mik|qn, lik|qn ln mïqiaqn, xyi ï h Dnk|i li tn}}n

3
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]iq+ Kín wnlio} hxyo`h|hq h Dnqæh mnk|olh ki}}h hdoqjhæín+ Kín cè `ojo|i whqh n xyi wnlio}, wnq jion li`h,
mnk}ifyoq+ Dno h hdoqjhæín xyi Ei}y} jho} ijwqifny ij }yh} jho} lodêmio} wqnthæùi}+
\ikli }ijwqi ij jik|i xyi xyhkln limqi|ho} yjh mno}h mnk}|qy|oth, ï Liy} ij tý} oklyuokln*tn} h dhuå*`h+
H mno}h jho} |n`h xyi }i wn}}h ojhfokhq ï wiqfyk|hq5 !Eè mnjwqnth}|i} o}}n ij tn}}h iswiqoåkmoh>! \nln
oklotêlyn |ij li |oqhq h wqnth wnq }o ji}jn, ln mnk|qèqon i`h kín |iqè }ofkodomhæín h`fyjh whqh i`i+ Khlh,
qih`jik|i, |ij }ofkodomhæín whqh xyij xyiq xyi }ieh, h|ï n loh ij xyi lo}}n dhæh y}n+
N }ik|ojik|n |qhu mnk}ofn yjh miq|h to}ín mniso}|ik|i+ Jyo|h} tiui} }ik|i*}i yjh mno}h mnj fqhkli m`hqiuh,
wnqxyi kh qih`olhli i}|è }ikln wiqmiaolh ln wnk|n li to}|h ok|iqonq+
Ç jilolh xyi ik|qho} kn I}|hln H}mik}onkhln, wik}hjik|n, }ik|ojik|n, to}ín i mnq }i tn} jhkodi}|hj xyh}i
}ojy`|hkihjik|i+ N }nj, xyhkln chqjnkon}n, ï }yhti, qhuín wnq xyi h jõ}omh xyi ik`ith ï h jho} qiwny}hk|i
ij }iy} idio|n}, ikxyhk|n xyi h jõ}omh i}|qnkln}h ï ey}|hjik|i n nwn}|n+

?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Mok|yqín I`i|qükomn
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Okdoko|h, Nkowiki|qhk|i Wqi}ikæh( Mnj \yh Wnliqn}h Qhlohæín ij mnk}|hk|i
jntojik|n wnq |nlh h h|jn}diqh lh \iqqh, Ký} \i `nythjn} i hfqhlimijn} wi`n hmi`iqhlnq Wnliq Mqê}|omn li
Hjnq i ]hailnqoh, xyi }ij h jiknq lõtolh i}|è i`ithkln h mnk}moåkmoh lh cyjhkolhli hmojh ln ifnê}jn
}ýqloln lh h|otolhli ln iy is|iqkn+
Ký} \i `nythjn} i hfqhlimijn} wnq kn} chtiqjn} |nqkhln }ijwqi mnk}moik|i} li \yh Wnliqn}h i H|oth
Wqi}ikæh i wnqxyi, kn qimnkcimojik|n mnk}moik|i li \o, \y mhqqifh} okmi}}hk|ijik|i kn}}h} jik|i} i kn}}h}
mnqwn} mnj \yh Wyqh Wqi}ikæh+
Iy \qhfn ]hylhæùi} lh Cn}|i Qhlohk|i whqh |nln} tý}+
LO]MYQ]N
Iy cnei wqnei|n i}|i lo}myq}n ln ájhfn lh Qhlohæín ln Fqhkli Mok|n I`i|qükomn2 ln mnqhæín lh Molhli li
Nyqn whq|ij n} Qhon} Fåjin}, }naqi n} xyho} }i hmchj n tiqan, h `yu i n }nj+
Hwqnsojny*}i qhwolhjik|i n |ijwn ij xyi litijn} i}|hq jho} ok|ioqhln} }naqi n} Fqhkli} Mok|n}
I`i|qükomn} xyi miqmhj |nlh h mqohæín, lh Lotoklhli ]ywqijh hn oklotêlyn+
N Mok|n I|ïqomn hn qilnq lh Molhli li Nyqn ï ojwiki|qèti` * aij jho} ln xyi yjh jyqh`ch li hæn li jyo|n}
ji|qn}+
H}}oj, ij jiknq i}mh`h, wnli n oklotêlyn, mnj }ydomoik|i mnjwqiik}ín ln Wqokmêwon H|otn ln Liy} Ok|iqkn,
qnlihq*}i li yj Mok|n ny Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn, h xyi wnli ojwqojoq h xyh`olhli xyi wqidiqoq2 jh} ho lhxyi`i
xyi n xyh`odomhq li}mqo|othjik|i+ Xyij dnq ah}|hk|i |ijiqèqon whqh dhuå*`n, tiqè i}|i Mok|n li dnqæh i`i|qükomn
dimchq*}i }naqi }yh wqýwqoh dnqjh is|iqonq, xyi }iqè mnk}yjolh2 jh} hxyi`i} xyi mnj }hailnqoh n mnk}|qýij i
n xyh`odomhj mnj n Wnliqn}n Hjnq li Liy} i wnliq mnk}|qy|otn, totiqín kyj jykln okh|okfoln wi`h
ofknqákmoh lh cyjhkolhli+
Ï mcifhln n Wiqênln Mý}jomn ij xyi hxyi`i} xyi h`mhkæhqhj yj miq|n fqhy li mnjwqiik}ín litij mqohq,
hw`omhq i y}hq i}}i Jhqhto`cn}n Mok|n I`i|qükomn+ \nlh mqohæín, xyi ï ln|hlh li hæín hy|nmnk}moik|i, wn}}yo
kh|yqh`jik|i ij }iy qilnq i}|i mêqmy`n li wyqh dnqæh i`i|qükomh, jh} ij fqhkli whq|i }yh dnqæh ï
li}fntiqkhlh i mnk}ixyik|ijik|i lo}}owhlh+
Hn mqohq mnk}moik|ijik|i i}}i wnliqn}n hki` li wyqh dnqæh i`i|qükomh, tilho} |nlh} h} diklh} hn wqnlyuoq i}}h
I}}åkmoh `ojo|hlh, i h jhk|ikli} ij qi}iqth whqh y}n i loqiæín mnk}moik|i}+ Liwno} li h`fyk} ji}i} li}}h
mnk}moik|i h|otolhli mqohlnqh ln hki` i`i|qükomn i wiqjhkåkmoh lik|qn li`i, liti*}i |iq jyo|n myolhln ij
`oaiqhq ny loqofoq i}}h dnqæh, xyi liti }iq jntolh }njik|i wi`n Hjnq Lotokn+ Kn mnjiæn lh oklotolyh`ouhæín
ln cnjij i`i i}|hth kh|yqh`jik|i miqmhln wnq i}}i Mêqmy`n Jèfomn, jh} mnjn h mnk}moåkmoh ahosh}}i mhlh
tiu jho}, qi}y`|hqhj qyw|yqh} ki}}i Fqhkli Mêqmy`n li dnqæh, mhy}hkln i}mhwhjik|n}, h|ï xyi i`i li}hwhqimiy
xyh}i mnjw`i|hjik|i+ O}}n kín iqh, ik|qi|hk|n, yjh mqohæín mnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn, jh} yj mêqmy`n kh|yqh`
xyi n iktn`toh+
Hfnqh, n} lo}mêwy`n} lh @yu litij ijwikchq*}i ij |qhah`chq }ij thmo`hq, i mnk}moik|ijik|i mqohq i}}i
Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn ij }iy qilnq * to}yh`ouhkln*n Wiqdio|n, }ij diklh} ny qyw|yqh} kh }yh mnk}|qyæín+ H}}oj
wnliqín h|okfoq mnk}moik|ijik|i n ok|iqonq ln Mok|n I`i|qükomn lh Lotoklhli ]ywqijh, `è qimiaiq
o`ojo|hlhjik|i ]hailnqoh, Hjnq, @yu, i mnkcimiq n ijwqifn li }ojw`i} @io} xyi `ci} wiqjo|oqín hlxyoqoq
|nln n wnliq mqohlnq+ Ijanqh mhlh yj li tý} }ieh mnktolhln h tn`|hq*}i }ijwqi whqh }yh Wqi}ikæh, Liy}
lik|qn li }o ji}jn, xyi ï n Mqohlnq li }yh oklotolyh`ouhæín, kykmh h|okfoqè n hlei|otn }ij xyi |ikch |oln h
h}}o}|åkmoh lhxyi`i} xyi i}|ín jho} hlohk|hln}+
Mnjn kín cè }ikín yj Liy}, h Wqi}ikæh Ykh, i ]yh H|otolhli \nlh*Wnliqn}h, Hxyi`i xyi i}|è jho}
hthkæhln xyi n ny|qn ï yj wnymn jho} ln ]iq Lotokn ij Hæín+ Qimnkcimikln i}|h ykolhli, mnjwqiikliqio}
wnq xyi wnlio} }ik|oq !IY ]NY& hxyo i &Iy ]NY& h`o!, wno} ij |nlh whq|i kín cè }ikín n Ykn Liy} Ok|iqonq+
Xyhkln n lo}mêwy`n mcifh h mnjwqiikliq xyi h Cn}|i ln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln} ï hwikh} }yh wqýwqoh
mnk}moåkmoh jho} hthkæhlh, mnjiæh h }ik|oq h} wn}}oao`olhli} okmh`my`ètio} xyi i}|ín hn }iy h`mhkmi+ Xyiq
dh`i loqi|hjik|i ç Lotoklhli ]ywqijh, xyiq h yj ln} H}mik}onkhln} Ji}|qi} li @yu ny hn }iy wqýwqon Liy}
Ok|iqonq, kh qih`olhli kín cè lodiqikæh, wnqxyi |nln} }ín Yj+
H|ï xyi }i h|okeh i}}i I}|hln li Mnk}moåkmoh, dhu*}i lodiqikæh, wnqxyi n oklotêlyn i}|è xyh}i miq|n li }ik|oq
loto}ín ln Ykn Ok|iqonq+ I}|h loto}ín ï ojwn}}êti`, }h`tn kh ofknqákmoh lh h|otolhli is|iqkh lh jik|i+
Xyhkln n lo}mêwy`n wik}h kh iswqi}}ín is|iqkh, liti \iq }ijwqi wqi}ik|i xyi i`h ï hwikh} h h|otolhli
is|iqkh lh Ok|i`ofåkmoh Ykh, ito|hkln }ijwqi |ik|hq lotoloq, ij }yh mnk}moåkmoh, i}}h Wnliqn}h Dnqæh li Liy}
mik|qh`ouhlh ki`i+
Knthjik|i litn `ijaqhq*tn} xyi i}}h O`ojo|hlh, Wnliqn}h Dnqæh li Liy}, kín wnli ok|qnlyuoq ]iy}
jhqhto`cn}n} wnliqi} ij tn}}h h|otolhli is|iqkh }ij tn}}n mnkto|i+ Kín cè }ikín yjh i}wïmoi li mnkto|i
xyi wn}}h h|okfoq i `oaiqhq n oklotêlyn5 tn}}n }ik|ojik|n li wqndykln Hjnq i litnæín+ Xyhkln h`fyïj fiqny

87
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
ij |nqkn li }o i}}i mok|n ny hki` i`i|qükomn, kín cè wnliq xyi mnk}ofh wiki|qè*`n, ismi|n h Hjnq Lotokn+ ]ý
tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh ln Hjnq Lotokn wnli wiki|qhq kn ájhfn li}}i Qi}w`hklimik|i Mok|n lh Lotoklhli
]ywqijh, h|qhtï} ln xyh` h Lotoklhli tn} iktoh ]yh Fqhkli Idy}ín, kn|ho aij, wnq ok|iqjïlon li ]iy}
Jik}hfioqn}+ I}}i} ]iqi} \qhk}miklik|i} y`|qhwh}}hj li |h` jnln tn}}h mnkmiwæín h|yh`, xyi kín ï wn}}êti`
|qhk}jo|oq*tn} ij wh`htqh} h Jhei}|hli ln Hjnq, lh ]hailnqoh i ln Wnliq li}}i} Fqhkli} ]iqi}+
Litn `ijaqhq*tn} knthjik|i xyi n i}|ylhk|i xyi !ny}i i mh`i!, |qhah`chkln ij }o`åkmon, }iqè i`ithln ç
qhlohæín |qhk}miklik|i li}}h ]imqi|h I}diqh2 ik|ín, wi`h iswiqoåkmoh i wi`h to}|h, mnjwqiikliqè hxyo`n li xyi
hmhan li dh`hq+ H h`jh xyi ï ah}|hk|i dnq|i whqh ti}|oq* }i mnj }yh Hqjhlyqh li Hjnq Lotokn i oq hthk|i kín
ikmnk|qhqè na}|èmy`n, wnqxyi khlh iso}|i ik|qi tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh wqi}ik|i i i}}h Wnliqn}h, \qhk}miklik|i
I}diqh Ok|iqonq xyi na}|qyh h hwqnsojhæín ln Hjnq Lotokn+
Xyhkln cnytiqli} |nmhln i to}|n n ok|iqonq li}}i Mêqmy`n Ok|iqkn, mnjwqiikliqio} xyín ojwiqdio|h ï h h|yh`
iswqi}}ín ln Hjnq Lotokn+ Hxyi`i xyi }i |nqkh mnk}moik|i h qi}wio|n li}}h} Fqhkli} I}diqh}, kh} xyho} }i
wnli wiki|qhq, }ij |ijnq jiqfy`ch, mhlh tiu jho} wqndyklhjik|i, kh Qhlohæín li}}i Wnliqn}n i Ok|i`ofik|i
Mik|qn ln Ykotiq}n, li nkli tåj |nln} n} jykln} i |nlh h mqohæín+
Cè ik|qi tý} h`jh} dnq|i}, mnqhen}h}, li}|ijolh}, xyi mnjwqiikliqín |h` mno}h i }iqín mhwhui} li ijwqifè*`h
ij fqhkli aikidêmon wqýwqon i ln} lijho}+ Cè n} xyi mnjwqiikliqín i tiqín xyi h Wqi}ikæh, xyi dhu ah|iq
mhlh mnqhæín, ï Liy} ij Hæín2 xyi h h|otolhli jn|nqh lh moqmy`hæín kn mnqwn ï Liy}2 xyi h I}}åkmoh, xyi
wqn}}ifyi qito|h`ouhkln h dnqjh is|iqkh, ï Liy} ij Hæín+
Wnq|hk|n, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, li}wiq|ho whqh o}|n hfnqh( Kín tili} xyi ï yj fqhkli iqqn }nænaqhq kh
ofknqákmoh ln iy is|iqkn, }ik|oq lnq, ikdiqjolhli}, jo}ïqoh i wiq|yqahæùi}, |nlh} mqohlh} wi`h ofknqákmoh i
wi`h h|otolhli ln iy is|iqonq> H`fyk} jnjik|n} li jilo|hæín }ïqoh tn} dhqín mnjwqiikliq xyi }ý wnli chtiq
Yjh Wqi}ikæh, Yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, Yj Wnliq hfokln ij tn}}n} wik}hjik|n}, ij tn}}n mnqwn, xyi ï Liy}+
Tili mnjn ï }ojw`i}, mnk|yln wnliqn}h, i}}h Mnk}moåkmoh ij tý}+ I`h wiqjo|i n w`ikn mnkcimojik|n lh
Fqhkli i Wyqh H|otolhli li Liy} ij tn}}h jik|i i ij tn}}n mnqwn i dhu mnj xyi }yh I}}åkmoh Jhqhto`cn}h
i \qhk}miklik|i okykli mhlh yjh li tn}}h} mï`y`h} h|ï |qhk}anqlhq+
Kh jokch nwokoín, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín wnlio} lioshq li hwn}}hq*tn} li}|h }ojw`omolhli li tn}}n
Tiqlhlioqn Liy} Ok|iqonq hfokln ij tý}+ Tn`|ho*tn} }ijwqi whqh I`i `nythkln*n, hjhkln*n, wilokln i
mnjhklhkln okdo`|qhq*}i ij mhlh mï`y`h li tn}}h mnqwn, ij mhlh isofåkmoh lh h|otolhli is|iqkh, kn `hq, ij
tn}}n} hdhuiqi} i kn} kifýmon}+ Xyhkln tn}}n li}ien ï ijo|oln iktn`|n kh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, kn ]iy Wnliq i
kh ]yh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, kín wnli dh`chq+ I`i liti |qhuiq*tn} hxyo`n xyi li}ieho}+ Li}iehq ï hwikh} yjh h|otolhli
okdiqonq h xyiqiq+ Xyiqiq ï i liti }iq n qimnkcimojik|n ln li}ien qih`ouhln+ I tn} h}}ifyqn ehjho} litio} |iq
xyh`xyiq |ijnq mnj qi`hæín hn ijwqifn li}|i Fqhkli Wnliq+ ]haio}, }ij xyi }ieh wqimo}n tn*`n louiq, xyi }i
N ijwqifhqli} whqh n jh` qimn`ciqio} lo}mýqloh, }i N ijwqifhqli} mnk}|qy|othjik|i i`i tn} |qhqè aikidêmon}
okmh`my`ètio}, li jnln xyi }ý wnliqio} qikliq `nytnqi} i fqhæh} hn jnjik|n ij xyi li}wiq|h}|i} whqh n dh|n
li xyi i}|i Wnliq O`ojo|hln
O`ojo |hln ï nkowqi}ik|i, hfyhqlhkln }ijwqi tn}}h loqiæín mnk}moik|i+
Hxyi`i xyi lo}}i xyi kín wnlio} hmqi}mik|hq yj müthln ç tn}}h h`|yqh wi`n wik}hjik|n, }ydnmny h h|otolhli i
n wqnfqi}}n ln oklotêlyn, wnqxyi wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n }ín n Wnliq Mqohlnq li Liy} ij Hæín+
N li}mnk|qn`hln ijwqifn ln wik}hjik|n i ln }ik|ojik|n |qnysi xyh}i |nlh }nq|i li lo}mýqloh}, lnikæh} i
jo}ïqoh}+ Ik|qi|hk|n, wnymn} mqåij ko}}n, i wqn}}ifyij mnk|okyhjik|i mqohkln, wi`n wik}hjik|n i wå`n}
li}ien} li}ikdqihln}, n mhn} ij }iy wqýwqon jykln2 i`i} wnliqohj, |ín dhmo`jik|i mnjn qi}woqhq, oktiq|iq h
}o|yhæín y}hkln }iy wik}hjik|n mnk}|qy|othjik|i mnj h dnqæh jn|qou ln Hjnq Lotokn, i iqofoq whqh }o yj
Whqhê}n Wiqdio|n lik|qn ln wiqênln li lno} hkn}+
H wqýwqoh moåkmoh dê}omh |ij lijnk}|qhln xyi n mnqwn ny dnqjh is|iqonq }i qiknth mnjw`i|hjik|i ij wnymn}
ji}i}+ Ik|ín, litio} mnkm`yoq mnjn ï dèmo` mqohq Wiqdioæín ij tn}}n mnqwn, dhuikln mhlh ýqfín tn`|hq ç }yh
Wiqdio|h h|otolhli knqjh` * jilohk|i h mnjwqiik}ín mnk}moik|i i h hw`omhæín lh} Tiqlhlioqh} @io} ln tn}}n
]iq+ Ij wnymn |ijwn }iqoh ojwn}}êti` ik|qhq h li}hqjnkoh ij tn}}n wik}hjik|n ny ij tn}}n mnqwn+ I}|i
fqhkli wqoto`ïfon ï h Wnq|h Haiq|h li Liy} lohk|i li tý}2 kokfyïj wnli dimcè*`h }ikín tý} ji}jn}+
Kokfyïj wnli na}|qyoq ny ok|iqdiqoq ko}}n h kín }iq tý}+ Ijwqifho li}|ijolhjik|i tn}}n Lnjêkon i Wnliq
lhln} wnq Liy} i }ili `otqi}+ Kín wnlio} h|okfoq i jhk|iq i}}h @oaiqlhli Wiqdio|h }ikín wi`h hw`omhæín
mnk}moik|i ln mnkcimojik|n+
Hfnqh tny qiti`hq*tn} yj }ifqiln xyi, }i mnjwqiikloln wnq yj }iq oqh}mêti` ny wiq|yqahlnq, li}toh*`n*è
li}}h h|otolhli li}|qy|oth, hoklh xyi hwnohln kyj wnk|n li to}|h ifnê}|h+ H wi}}nh oqqo|hlh, wqnwik}h h
mnklikhq, xyi ijo|i wik}hjik|n}, }ik|ojik|n} ny wh`htqh} li}|qy|oth} mnk|qh ny|qh * xyi i}|è doqjhlh kn }iy
wqýwqon wnliq * qimiai li tn`|h h jè xyh`olhli mnj xyi mhqqifny i}}i wnliq, ikxyhk|n xyi h wi}}nh
ixyo`oaqhlh qimiai h ikiqfoh xyi h hah}|imi i xyi hy|njh|omhjik|i qixyh`odomh wi`n }iy wqýwqon ixyo`êaqon+
H}}oj, n mqohlnq li lo}mýqloh, h|qhtï} li qhoth i mnklikhæín, wnq }o }i li}|qýo, }iy jykln li h|otolhli i }iy}
kifýmon}+

88
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Io} yj wnk|n to|h` xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} litiqín mnjwqiikliq5 xyhkln h`fyïj h`mhkæh mnk}moik|ijik|i n
Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn Ok|iqkn li Liy}, }yh iswqi}}ín is|iqonq i h|otolhli is|iqkh |nqkhj*}i yj mhkh` whqh h
iswhk}ín lh Wyqh I}}åkmoh lh Lotoklhli+ Ji}jn xyi i`i fyhqli mnjw`i|n }o`åkmon is|iqonqjik|i, o}|n ij }o ï
yj ln} jhonqi} }iqtoæn} ij wqn` ln fåkiqn cyjhkn, i }njik|i wnymn} lik|qi n} kín*H}mik}onkhln} dhuij
yjh olïoh ln xyi }ofkodomh whqh h cyjhkolhli+
Hxyi`i xyi h`mhkæh n ok|iqonq ln Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn |qhk}dnqjh* }i kyj jhkhkmoh` mnk|êkyn, i i}}h Qhlohæín,
wnq }o }ý, mnk}|o|yo yj dnqjolèti` aikidêmon whqh |nlh h cyjhkolhli+ H}}oj, }ïmy`n} hwý} }ïmy`n}, |ij chtoln
i}}i} h`|qyê}|h} Jik}hfioqn} li Liy}, wnq ok|iqjïlon ln} xyho} ï iktohlh h Aåkæín whqh hxyi`i} xyi kín
mnjwqiiklij h Wqi}ikæh ilodomhk|i li}}h ikiqfoh ij jntojik|n+ Xyhkln }ín ikmnk|qhlh} yjh ny jho}
wi}}nh} h`|qyê}|h}, mhwhui} li h|yhq mnjn mhkho} whqh i}|h fqhkli Wqi}ikæh, ï mnjn }i dn}}i n wqojioqn fn|iehq
li èfyh wnq thuhjik|n kyjh ahqqhfij+
]i h mnk}moåkmoh ï wiq}itiqhk|i i doqji, wnli*}i mnjwhqè*`h h yjh ahqqhfij myen thuhjik|n hyjik|h,
wiqjo|okln h }hêlh li yj tn`yji li èfyh mhlh tiu jhonq, wnqxyi |nlh na}|qyæín ï qijntolh i |nlh h dnqæh
xyi h hmnjwhkch oqqnjwi whqh }iq y|o`ouhlh, hn mnk|qèqon lh èfyh qiwqi}hlh, xyi }i i}wqhoh i lo}}owh wnqxyi
kín |ij loqiæín+ N Wnliq Lotokn, h}}oj `oaiqhln, tho loqi|n hn mhkh` li mnk}moåkmoh jho} qimiw|otn i `è }i
hmyjy`h, i}wiqhkln nwnq|ykolhli li wqnei|hq*}i mhlh tiu jho} whqh lohk|i+ Li}}h jhkioqh, n lo}mêwy`n lh
@yu, ç whq|i }yh h|otolhli li lo}|qoayolnq lh Tiqlhli, |nqkh*}i, wnq h}}oj louiq, yj wnæn hq|i}ohkn, li myeh}
wqndykliuh} enqqh i}}h Wnliqn}h I}}åkmoh li Liy}+
N} lo}mêwy`n} litiqohj |iq }ijwqi wqi}ik|i xyi, }iehj xyho} dnqij n} iqqn} mnji|oln}, Liy} kykmh n} mqo|omh
ny mnklikh, jh} h mhlh li}`oui lou lnmi i hjnqn}hjik|i5 !@ithk|h*|i, jiy do`cn, qimnjiæh h iswiqoåkmoh i
mnk|okyh h iswiqojik|hq, h|ï xyi dokh`jik|i mnk}ofh} h tiqlhlioqh to|ýqoh i h `oaiqlhli li |iy Lnjêkon
Lotokn+!
]ijwqi xyi h`fyïj |ikch mnk}moåkmoh li chtiq mnji|oln yj iqqn, }iy wqojioqn h|n liti }iq5 oktnmhq h @io ln
Wiqlín i wiloq }hailnqoh i dnqæh whqh kín mnji|iq n ji}jn iqqn yjh }ifyklh tiu+ ]ikln Liy} |nln Hjnq,
|ij yjh Whmoåkmoh Okdoko|h, i kín na}|hk|i h xyhk|olhli li iqqn} mnji|oln} ï }ijwqi wiqjo|oln, yjh tiu
jho}, !@ithk|hq i mhjokchq whqh n Who!+ \h` n hjnq i h `oaiqlhli ij xyi n} do`cn} li Liy} |åj n wqoto`ïfon li
hfoq+
Cè ykomhjik|i yj wnliqn}n, oktikmêti` wqnmi}}n li itn`yæín, i i}|i ï wi`h dhmy`lhli li fiqhq
mnk}moik|ijik|i Hjnq Lotokn+ ]ikln n Hjnq n Mik|qn li |nlh Tolh, xyhk|n jho} |ij `yfhq ij ký} i N
y}hjn} mnk}moik|ijik|i, jho} dèmo` i qhwolhjik|i N `oaiqhjn}+ I}}h Wnliqn}h Dnqæh Lotokh wiqjhkimi
}ijwqi mnjn yjh dnqæh qiwqi}hlh, ç i}wiqh li ikmnk|qhq yjh haiq|yqh ij kn}}h mnk}moåkmoh h|qhtï} lh xyh`
wn}}h wqnei|hq*}i+
Wi`h tiu wqojioqh, ij jyo|n} }ïmy`n}, n} Cn`ndn|i} ny Qhon} lh Molhli li Nyqn, }naqi n Li}iq|n ln ]hhqh,
dnqhj wn}|n} ij dykmonkhjik|n h|otn }naqi h \iqqh+ Wnli chtiq h`fyk} }iqi} xyi tiehj i}|i} Qhon} }ij }haiq
n xyi }ofkodomhj+
N} cnjik} kín litij wik}hq xyi wnlij mnk|okyhq fiqhkln dnqæh} li}|qy|oth} i }naqitotiq h i`h}
`nkfhjik|i+ Hxyi`i} xyi wyliqij ijwqifhq i}|i Mnkcimojik|n ln Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn kín litij wnq jho}
|ijwn }iq wqothln} ln} }iy} aikidêmon}+ Loty`fho o}|n i h hltiq|åkmoh |hjaïj+
Y}ho i}|h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h h|otolhli mnkm`yêlh i n wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq li |nlh mno}h mnk}|qy|oth xyi iy
li}ien!+ Ijwqifho*h mnjn yjh hdoqjhæín fiqh`, wnqxyi n wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq i}|è ij |yln n xyi iso}|i+ !IY
]NY hxyo i IY ]NY h`o!, ij |yln n xyi xyioqho} qih`ouhq, ï yjh i}w`åklolh jhkioqh li }ik|oq xyi i}|ho}
y}hkln h H|otolhli Ykh, i h}}oj tn} i`itho} hmojh lh mnk}moåkmoh li }iwhqh|otolhli+

81
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Dnfn Mqohlnq
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Wnliqn}h Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh li Liy}( Ký} kn} myqthjn} lohk|i ln \iy Ojik}n
Wnliq Jhei}|n}n+ Ký} isy`|hjn} mnj h \yh ]hailnqoh Loqofik|i+ Ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} wi`h \yh Wqi}ikæh kn
mnqhæín li mhlh yj ln} Jik}hfioqn} li Liy}, xyi whq|ij whqh loqofoq ]iy ]iqtoæn i Ikiqfoh whqh aåkæín lh
cyjhkolhli+ Ký} qiklijn} `nytnq i fqh|olín wnq |iq h \yh Wqi}ikæh jylhln n myq}n ln} hmnk|imojik|n} i
wnq }iqi} \y, mnjn }ijwqi, h Wnliqn}h Ok|i`ofåkmoh Fntiqkhk|i+
Ký} \i `nythjn} i hfqhlimijn} wnqxyi \iy Dnfn Mnk}yjolnq i \yh H|otolhli Mqohlnqh, xyi qi}olij kn
mnqhæín li mhlh yj li Ký}, i}|ín wqnk|n} whqh }iqij `oaiqhln} wi`n li}ien mnk}moik|i ij hæín+ Ký}
`nythjn} i hfqhlimijn} wnq }iqi} \y h Wqi}ikæh Mnk}yjolnqh ij |nlh h whki, wnq }iqi} !IY ]NY! `è, &IY
]NY& hxyo, i &IY]NY& n Wnliq xyi |nqkh m`hqh} |nlh} h} mno}h}!+
!Iy ]ny &IY ]NY& h Jhei}|n}h &Wqi}ikæh&, Iy ]ny &IY ]NY& n Wnliq Mnkxyo}|hlnq, Iy ]ny &IY ]NY& \yh
&Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh&, \yh Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh h |nlh cnqh!+
Iy |qhfn ]hylhæùi} whqh |nln} tý} ln Mnqhæín ln Dnfn Mqohlnq+
LO]MYQ]N
N Dnfn Mqohlnq li !IY ]NY! ï h Mchjh li Liy}, ]yh Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh hkmnqhlh kn mnqhæín li mhlh yj ln}
do`cn} li Liy}+ ]i aij xyi ij h`fyk} I`h }ieh hwikh} yjh }ojw`i} mco}wh2 ik|qi|hk|n, }i dnq |qh|hlh
mnqqi|hjik|i, i}|h mco}wh wnli mnktiq|iq*}i ij yj fqhkli Dnfn Mqohlnq i Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh+ I}}h
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, Liy} ij ]yh} jõ`|ow`h} h|otolhli}, ï h H|otolhli Nkowqi}ik|i xyi |nln} wnlij y}hq }ij
`ojo|i, ah}|hkln, whqh o}}n, qimy}hqij*}i h hmio|hq h hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh, xyi ï |ín* }njik|i yjh hwhqåkmoh, i
li}tohqij h h|ikæín lhxyo`n xyi wnq hkn} }ij mnk|h n} |ij jhk|oln wqo}onkioqn}+
Cnei, n Mi|qn ln Wnliq i lh Hy|nqolhli wiqjhkimi ç to}|h, lohk|i li |nln lo}mêwy`n ij itn`yæín+ H wqokmêwon,
n} i}|ylhk|i} litij i}dnqæhq*}i jik|h`jik|i i ijwykchq n Mi|qn lh Hy|nqolhli, y}hkln*n li}}h dnqjh, h|ï
xyi, hk|i} ji}jn li |iqij h jiknq mnk}moåkmoh lo}}n, i`i} N li}mnaqoqín, |hkfêti` i to}êti` hn y}è*`n+
Kín ï tí wqnji}}h xyi n} xyi ay}mhj h @yu wnlij knthjik|i qimiaiq i}}i Lnjêkon+ Xyhkln h|qhti}}hjn}
yj an}xyi, }haijn} xyi ï wn}}êti` tn`|hq wi`n ji}jn mhjokcn, }i n li}iehqjn}, jh} ký} litijn} |njhq h
limo}ín+ Ln ji}jn jnln, hwý} }ïmy`n} li okti}|ofhæín kn is|iqkn, ç wqnmyqh li wnliq i hy|nqolhli,
tiqodomhjn} xyi |yln n xyi whqimi }iq |h` mno}h ï hwikh} hqioh jntiloæh, xyi hjhkcí wnli li}hwhqimiq+
Wi`h hmio|hæín eyao`n}h ln tn}}n Lnjêkon Lotokn, wnlio} wo}hq mnj doqjiuh }naqi h ah}i }ifyqh lh Qnmch lh
Tiqlhli, xyi ï Liy}, li nkli kikcyj lo}|õqaon is|iqkn wnliqè ehjho} tn} liqqyahq, yjh tiu xyi n }haio} wnq
iswiqoåkmoh wqýwqoh+
I}|ylhk|i} lh Tiqlhli }i hljoqhj li kín wnliq wiqjhkimiq doqjijik|i hkmnqhln} kh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, xyi
ï }iy Lnjêkon+ I`i} kín hkh`o}hj }yh iswqi}}ín is|iqkh whqh tiq n xyi ki`h cè li nmy`|n mhy}hkln
wiq|yqahæín, wn`åjomh i lõtolh2 jh} whqh hxyi`i} xyi h}}yjoqij h hy|nqolhli xyi `ci} wiq|ikmi i }nklhqij
wqndyklhjik|i }yh} mhy}h}, }iqè jyo|n dèmo` }iwhqhq n enon ln} fqín} li nyqn, i h}}oj }i `oaiq|hqij li}}h
wiq|yqahæín xyi n} `ith h lytolhqij li }o ji}jn} i h|ï lh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, xyi wy`}h ij }iy} mnqhæùi}+
Xyhkln n} lo}mêwy`n} dnqij }ydomoik|ijik|i cnki}|n} mnk}ofn ji}jn} i mnj Liy}, }yh !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&
!, whqh hqqhkmhq wi`h qhou |yln hxyo`n xyi i}|otiq mhy}hkln wiq|yqahæùi} lik|qn li`i}, i dnqij mhwhui} li
}ik|oq h Wnliqn}h @yu i Qhlohæín ln Fqhkli Liy} Ok|iqonq, li}mnaqoqín }iq kimi}}èqon wnymn i}dnqæn whqh
`oaiqhq h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ij Hjnq i Ok|i`ofåkmoh, n xyi qiwqi}ik|h yj wiqjhkik|i Wnliq
]y}|ik|hlnq ij dnqæh, }ifyqhkæh, i |yln hxyo`n xyi kimi}}o|ij whqh }i jhk|iq doqji} }naqi h Qnmch lh
Tiqlhli, yjh lh} Fqhkli} Eýoh} ln Qiokn li Liy}+ ]yh Li}`yjaqhk|i Qhlohæín n} iktn`tiqè lohk|i lh jho}
`iti }n`omo|hæín+
Nc, lo}mêwy`n} li cnei( Hwifho*tn} h i}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh xyi dhu wy`}hq tn}}n} mnqhæùi}, myeh Tolh
moqmy`h ij tn}}h} tioh}, myeh Ikiqfoh d`yo h|qhtï} li tn}}h jik|i2 |ikli} `otqi*hqaê|qon i wnlio} xyh`odomè*`h i
haikænè*`h, }ieh whqh tn}}h wiqdioæín ny ojwiqdioæín+ @ijaqho*tn} }ijwqi5 }i lioshqli} li oktnmhq i}}h
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, lhkln h}}oj jn|otn h mqohq li}hqjnkoh i li}nqlij, litio} i}wiqhq jyo|n |ijwn h|ï
mnk}ifyoq w`ikh olik|odomhæín mnj i}}h Wnliqn}h Dnqæh i mnkmiliq*`ci |n|h` h|otolhli ij tn}}h Tolh+
Kín tn} |nqkio} ojwhmoik|i} wnq kín }i qih`ouhqij h} mno}h} mnj h qhwoliu xyi }iqoh li tn}}n hfqhln+ I`h} }ý
wnlij hfoq li hmnqln mnj h wqi}|iuh lh tn}}h hmio|hæín i h ok|ik}olhli ln tn}}n }ik|ojik|n+
H Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh xyi }i `hkæh h|qhtï} li tn}}h jik|i, lik|qn li tn}}n mnqwn, ï h Wyqh Ikiqfoh I`i|qükomh
li Liy}, h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+ ]i tn}}n wik}hjik|n }i mnk}iqthq h`ifqijik|i `ofhln hn tn}}n ]iq
Lotokn, mnk}oliqhkln*n mnjn nqofij li tn}}n }iq i li tn}}h tolh, i}}h Wyqh Ikiqfoh I`i|qükomh mnk|okyhqè h
h|yhq okh`|iqhlh, }ij }iq mnk|hjokhlh wi`h lo}mnqlhk|i xyh`odomhæín cyjhkh2 jh} }i, mnk}moik|i ny
okmnk}moik|ijik|i, wiqjo|o} xyi tn}}n wik}hjik|n mnjimi h hfo|hq*}i mnj h lo}mýqloh xyi dqixðik|ijik|i
tn} miqmh, ik|ín jylho} h mnq i h xyh`olhli li}}h Wyqh Ikiqfoh Qhlohk|i+

8=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
I`h |ij xyi h|yhq, i }no} tý} h õkomh wi}}nh xyi i}mn`ciqè h jhkioqh wi`h xyh` i`h hfoqè whqh tý}+ Kín wik}io}
kykmh xyi wnlio} dyfoq h i}|i }ojw`i} dh|n+ Ï yjh ojy|èti` @io li Liy} i kikcyj }iq cyjhkn wnliqè ehjho}
jnlodomè*`h+ N} lo}mêwy`n} litij mnjwqiikliq i my`|othq i}|h h|o|yli, }i xyo}iqij na|iq yj wqnfqi}}n
mnk}|hk|i+
Hltoq|n*tn}, Jiy} hjhln}5 wnlio} ikmn`iqouhq*tn}, lytolhq, |ijiq i qiai`hq*tn} |hk|n xyhk|n tn} hwqnytiq,
hk|i tn}}h hy|nmnqqiæín, jh} ï i}|h h wnq|h haiq|h whqh h tn}}h wnliqn}h O`yjokhæín i @oaiqlhli li |nlh} h}
`ojo|hæùi} kn jykln is|iqkn li h|otolhli+ Jyo|n} lo}mêwy`n} xyhkln mcifhj h yj miq|n fqhy li
ik|iklojik|n nkli |nln} n} qi}y`|hln} li }iy} h|n} `ci} }ín qiti`hln} * i mnk|ijw`hj n} jyo|n} iqqn}
mnji|oln} xyi litij }iq mnqqofoln} * |nqkhj*}i li}ikmnqhehln}, mqo|omhj*}i i mnklikhj*}i i`i} wqýwqon} hk|i
Liy}+ O}|n ï ny|qh fqhkli iqqn+ \yln n xyi `ci} ï qiti`hln mnj qidiqåkmoh çxyo`n ij xyi i`i} qimnkcimij |iq
mnji|oln iqqn litiqoh h`ifqè*`n} jyo|ê}}ojn, wnqxyi h} mno}h} qiti`hlh} }ín h} xyi wqimo}hj }iq mnqqofolh}+
]haikln xyi Liy} ï n Wnliq li wik}hq, ik|ín }haij xyi wn}}yij n Wnliq li mnqqofoq o}}n, i litiqohj wüq*}i
h`ifqijik|i h |qhah`chq ki}|i }ik|oln+
N Wnliq lh Tolh li Liy}, xyi `ci} dhu wy`}hq n mnqhæín, ï wqnth ha}n`y|h li xyi |åj, lik|qn ij }o, h
Ok|i`ofåkmoh i n Wnliq li Liy}, wnq jion ln} xyho} wnlij lo}}n`tiq i mnk}yjoq |nln} n} iqqn} i h} mqohæùi}
lo}mnqlhk|i} xyi mnk}moik|i ny okmnk}moik|ijik|i fiqhqhj ij }iy jykln+ Litij louiq h i}}h mqohæín
okli}ieèti`5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh xyi hfnqh i whqh }ijwqi mnk}nji |nln} n} iqqn}
wh}}hln} i wqi}ik|i}, }yh} mhy}h} i idio|n}, i |nlh mqohæín okli}ieèti` wi`h xyh` jiy }iq is|iqkn ï
qi}wnk}èti`!+
Ï i}|qhkcn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} whqiæhj |iq |hk|h lodomy`lhli ij }i hdiqqhq i qimnkcimiq n Wnliq O`ojo|hln xyi
jhkiehj, hn louiqij !IY ]NY!, xyhkln h|ï n ok|i`im|n, xyi ï }ý h|otolhli is|iqkh, }hai o}|n+ N} lo}mêwy`n}
litij ok|ik}odomè*`n mnj |nln n }iy ijwikcn }ik|okln h wqndykliuh li}}h Tiqlhli+ H}}oj, ikmnk|qhqín
}ymi}}n i wnliq fqhklijik|i hyjik|hln} wnq }iy y}n h|otn+ Iy tn} lofn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, mcifny h cnqh
ij xyi wnlio} y}hq i}}i Wnliq mnj fqhkli hy|nqolhli whqh `oaiq|hq*tn} lh} mhlioh} lh `ojo|hæín xyi wnq |hk|n
|ijwn tn} wqikliqhj+
Mnjiæho, mnj h`ifqi li|iqjokhæín, h wnq n} tn}}n} kifýmon} ij nqlij+ ]i dü}}io} cn}wilhq yjh wi}}nh
lo}|ok|h, miq|hjik|i fh}|hqêio} loh} |qhah`chkln ok|ik}hjik|i, `ojwhkln, `hthkln, wn`okln i |yln wqiwhqhkln
whqh i}}i cý}wili+ Jyo|n jho} ojwnq|hk|i, wnqïj, ï dhuiq n} wqiwhqh|otn} whqh i}}i Fqhkli Wqêkmowi li Hjnq
i Whu * N Wqêkmowi ln Dnfn Mnk}yjolnq xyi chao|h lik|qn li tý} i mnk|qn`h n i`ijik|n dnfn+
Xyhkln }i wik}h ij Nqnjh}o}, Wqêkmowi ln I`ijik|n Dnfn, oktnmhkln ]yh heylh whqh h|othq n Wnliq Mqohlnq,
n} qi}y`|hln} na|oln} }ín okmh`my`ètio}+
Xyhkln dh`ho} ij Knji, Wnliq i Hy|nqolhli ln !Fqhkli &IY ]NY& ! `oaiqho} ikiqfoh o`ojo|hlh whqh qih`ouhq
tn}}n} li}ien}+ Wnq xyi wiqjo|oq wnq jho} |ijwn xyi h lõtolh i n jiln tn} h}}h`|ij, xyhkln !IY ]NY h
Wnq|h Haiq|h lh Fqhkli Nwy`åkmoh li Liy} hfyhqlhkln n jnjik|n li myqhq, haikænhq i dhuiq wqn}wiqhq
hayklhk|ijik|i>! Ny}ho }iq, }ik|oq i y}hq i}}h Wnliqn}h Hy|nqolhli * Liy} ij tý}(
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín mnjwqiiklio} xyi wnlio} iswqi}}hq Wiqdioæín }i, mnj }ydomoik|i ok|ik}olhli,
jhk|otiqli} h nwokoín li xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh I`i|qükomh d`yokln, mhqqifhkln i qiknthkln mhlh
mï`y`h li jokch jik|i i li jiy mnqwn * ki}|i ji}jn ok}|hk|i>! Kín tili} xyi, }i douiqli} o}}n mnj
ok|ik}olhli }ydomoik|i, ij wnymn} joky|n} ny cnqh} wnliqio} lo}}owhq xyh`xyiq i}|hln li wiq|yqahæín lh
jik|i ny ln mnqwn i wiqjo|oq xyi i}}h Wnliqn}h i Wyqh Ikiqfoh qih`oui }iy |qhah`cn }ij }iq mn`nqolh ny
hdi|hlh wnq xyh`xyiq i`ijik|n lo}mnqlhk|i ln tn}}n wqýwqon wik}hjik|n> Tý} wnlio} qiknthq xyh`xyiq kiqtn
ny ýqfín i mnk}|qyoq xyh`xyiq jijaqn ln mnqwn kh }yh wiqdioæín nqofokh`, xyh}i ojiloh|hjik|i+ Wnq xyi kín
}ik|oq i}}h wn}}oao`olhli i hw`omè*`h> I xyhkln mnjiæhqli} h iswiqojik|hq n} }yqwqiiklik|i} qi}y`|hln}, tn}}h
mnkdohkæh wh}}hqè li yj }h`|n ç }yh H|otolhli Wiqdio|h, tn}}h jik|i |iqè |nlh mnkdohkæh ki}}h Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh i Wnliq, h}}oj mnjn kn ]iy y}n nkowqi}ik|i i o`ojo|hln+
Xyhkln cnytiq hwhqik|i dh`|h li ikiqfoh, jhk|ikli yjh h|o|yli h`ifqi i limololh, louikln5 !IY ]NY h
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li}}h Ikiqfoh Qhlohk|i i H`iq|h xyi }yqfi h|qhtï} li jokch jik|i i li jiy mnqwn,
lo}}n`tikln |yln n xyi ï i}|qhkcn h I`h+ Iy ji mnk}iqtn ki}|h Ikiqfoh Qhlohk|i, H`iq|h, i ki}}h H`ifqoh whqh
}ijwqi!+ Wnlio} wh}}hq i}}h Ikiqfoh Wyqh h|qhtï} li tn}}h jik|i i mnqwn, |hk|n mnjn iy wnliqoh li}miq
jokch jín lohk|i li tý}+
Kín wh}}h wi`h Jokch Jijýqoh xyi ij |ijwn h`fyj cnyti}}i |hk|h h}}o}|åkmoh hn h`mhkmi ln} lo}mêwy`n} lh
@yu mnjn |ij chtoln hfnqh, i i`i} litiqohj hwqntio|hq i}}i aikidêmon mnj ok|ik}n qifnuoen+
H wqokmêwon, wi`n dh|n li kín }ik|oqli} xyh`xyiq dnqæh i`i|qükomh h|qhti}}hq*tn}, kín }ofkodomh xyi kín |ikcho}
qimiaoln i}}h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh, xyi mnj hy|nqolhli mnjhklh}|i} d`yoq h|qhtï} li tn}}h jik|i i mnqwn+
N ji}jn wnli }iq hw`omhln hn} h}}yk|n} xyi |h`tiu kín i}|iehj li hmnqln mnj n tn}}n li}ien li nqlij i
chqjnkoh+ N lo}mêwy`n wnli oktnmhq }yh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&!, iktoè*`h hn} }iy} kifýmon} i }iy
jykln, mnjhklè*`h mnk}yjoq |yln n xyi l&I`h lodiqi i }ya}|o|yoq wi`h Wnliqn}h Wiqdioæín li Liy} * xyi ï
!IY ]NY!2 wnli mnjhklhq*`ci xyi wiqjhkiæh Hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh i xyi naqofyi i}}h Wiqdioæín h jhkodi}|hq }yh

8<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
hy|nqolhli i wnliq okmi}}hk|i}, `ojwhq }iy jykln li |nlh mno}h lo}mnqlhk|i, wnqxyi !IY ]NY h ]ywqijh
Hy|nqolhli * Liy} ij Hæín!+
Kín ï kimi}}èqon dhuiq o}}n }na |ik}ín, |hjwnymn wiqjo|oq xyi n mnqwn doxyi |ik}n, i`i }ý liti i`ithq*}i kh
]ywqijhmoh i Lofkolhli lh Hy|nqolhli li Liy} i wyqodomhq |yln n xyi dnq kimi}}èqon+ Hn dhuå*`n, kín ï
wqimo}n dh`hq ij tnu h`|h, jh} }oj ij |nj jyo|n ahosn, li ji}|qoh+
Domho ij wï, }nuokcn ij tn}}n xyhq|n, i lim`hqho5 !IY ]NY! ]ikcnq ln jiy jykln+ IY ]NY h To|nqon}h
Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi n Fntiqkh+ Iy `hkæn ij jiy jykln i}}h Wnliqn}h, Qhlohk|i i ok|i`ofik|i Ikiqfoh li Liy}+
Iy mnjhkln xyi I`h mqoi |nlh h Wiqdioæín, xyi I`h h|qhoh whqh joj h Nwy`åkmoh li Liy} |nqkhlh to}êti` ij
jokch} jín} i whqh jiy y}n+ IY ]NY, kín jho} h mqohkæh ij Mqo}|n, jh} h Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh xyi h|okfoy h
I}|h|yqh Mnjw`i|h, i iy dh`n i mnjhkln mnj hy|nqolhli!+
Li}}h jhkioqh, wnlio} mnk}yjoq n} iqqn} i ojwiqdioæùi} xyi |ikcho} mqohln i, kh hy|nqolhli ln !IY ]NY!,
qimnk}|o|yoq, ojiloh|hjik|i, h wiqdioæín li}iehlh+ ]haio xyi o}}n ï mnk}|hk|ijik|i hy|n*}y}|ik|hln, ikxyhk|n
kín ok|qnji|iqli} h h|otolhli lo}mnqlhk|i li tn}}n wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n+
Li}ien ok|ik}hjik|i xyi wn}}ho} }ik|oq xyi }no} h Õkomh Hy|nqolhli, ki}|i jykln ny ij xyh`xyiq ny|qn, kn
xyi mnkmiqki hn tn}}n jykln+ Kín qimiio}, ehjho}, xyi h wiqdioæín ln tn}}n jykln wn}}h mhy}hq lhkn h
xyij xyiq xyi }ieh, wno} o}}n kín nmnqqiqè ikxyhk|n kín |otiqli} h ok|ikæín li wqieylomhq h`fyïj+ Kín
ojwnq|h n xyi lofhj h} wi}}nh} xyi tn} miqmhj, ny xyhk|n wqnmyqij i`h} `hkæhq }naqi tý} }yh} lõtolh},
qimion} i `ojo|hæùi}+ ]no} h ]ywqijh Hy|nqolhli ij tn}}n jykln, i h õkomh mno}h xyi |ikli} h dhuiq, xyhkln
iktn`tolh} wnq i}}h} mnkloæùi}, ï louiq5 !IY ]NY n Wnliqn}n Mêqmy`n Jèfomn li Wqn|iæín xyi ji miqmh, xyi
ï oktikmêti` i hdh}|h li joj |nln wik}hjik|n i i`ijik|n lo}mnqlhk|i xyi wqnmyqhq wiki|qhq ny ok|iqdiqoq+ IY
]NY h Wiqdioæín ln jiy jykln, i i`h ï Hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh!+
Nc, lo}mêwy`n} xyiqoln}( kín ï kimi}}èqon lytolhq, thmo`hq i mnkei|yqhq wnq jho} |ijwn5 !IY ]NY h
Hy|nqolhli!+ Mnk|okyho, ny}ho }iq i ijwqifho i}}h Hy|nqolhli li Liy} xyi i}|è iswqi}}h kn !IY ]NY! li
|yln+ Wnq xyi kín }iqli} li}|ijoln}> Li}ieho} h Wqi}ikæh li}}i} Fqhkli} ]iqi} H}mik}onkhln}> !IY ]NY h
Wqi}ikæh To}êti` li}}i} jyo|n hjhln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, h xyij iy wiæn xyi ji hwhqiæhj hfnqh, i
Myeh H}}o}|åkmoh oktnmn!+
Mcifh}|i} hn wnk|n ij xyi wnlio} hdh}|hq xyh`xyiq lo}mýqloh lh} tn}}h} jik|i}+ Wqiikmcio tn}}h} jik|i}
mnj i}|h Wyqh I}}åkmoh I`i|qükomh, i h lo}mýqloh kín wnliqè wiki|qhq ikxyhk|n h} mnk}iqthqli} mhqqifhlh}
mnj i}}h !Wqi}ikæh!+ Hoklh yjh tiu tn} lofn5 }no} h hy|nqolhli kn tn}}n jykln, i }i tn}}n wik}hjik|n
i}|otiq ojwqifkhln li}}h I}}åkmoh h lo}mýqloh kín wnliqè |nmè*`n+ Thjn} kn} hwnliqhq li}}h Hy|nqolhli i
y}è*`h, }ywiqhq |nlh lo}mýqloh i lim`hqhq mnj ha}n`y|h miq|iuh5 !IY ]NY h ]ywqijhmoh ln cnjij nkli xyiq
xyi iy tè * IY ]NY Liy} ij Hæín!+
%%%
KN\H]
H Cn}|i ln} Hken} }i qieyao`h mnj h tn`|h hn `hq ln do`cn wqýlofn * hxyi`i xyi thfny |hk|n |ijwn ç wqnmyqh li
Wnliq i }njik|i ikmnk|qny o`y}ùi} #Jhh/+ Hwý} |iq lo}}owhln }yh qoxyiuh #ikiqfoh/, tn`|h ç mh}h ln Who * h
Dnk|i li Ikiqfoh Lotokh * xyi n qi}|hai`imi li |nlh} h} li}hqjnkoh} xyi mnk|qoayêqhj whqh }iy
ikti`cimojik|n i limhlåkmoh+
MOLHLI] I\ÏQOMH]
]naqi n} wqokmowho} li}iq|n} iso}|ij Molhli} I|ïqomh}+ ]naqi n li}iq|n ln Hqounkh i}|è h Molhli I|ïqomh whqh
h Hjïqomh+ Iso}|i yjh }naqi n ]hhqh i ny|qh }naqi n Fnao+ H xyi iso}|i }naqi n Aqh}o` ï h Molhli I|ïqomh whqh
h Hjïqomh ln ]y`+
H cyjhkolhli litiqoh }haiq i litiq*}i*oh dhuå*`h mnjwqiikliq xyi jyo|h} i jyo|h} tiui} n} chao|hk|i} lh}
molhli} wh}}hj wi`h mchjhlh jnq|i i qiikmhqkhj kn ji}jn `yfhq, wnqxyi }i dnqjhqhj `ofhæùi} xyi n}
h|qhij knthjik|i hn} ji}jn} hjaoik|i}+ N lo}mêwy`n xyi |otiq li qiikmhqkhq litiqè h}}yjoq n mnjhkln5
!Lh wqýsojh tiu kh}miqio kyjh dhjê`oh li Fqhkli @yu!+ O}|n `ci wiqjo|oqè yj wqnfqi}}n jyo|n qèwoln+

89
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Myqh ç} Khæùi}
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Wnliqn}h i Okdoko|h Wqi}ikæh( \y, Wqi}ikæh Myqh|oth Nkowiki|qhk|i( Li}mi i qih`ouh
\iy \qhah`cn( \y, Wnliqn}h i Okdoko|h Ok|i`ofåkmoh( Ijo|i \yh Mnkdohkæh i \yh Dnqæh( Ikmci h jik|i i n
mnqwn li mhlh yj mnj \yh Qhlohk|i Wqi}ikæh( Ikmci mhlh mï`y`h mnj \yh Qhlohk|i Wqi}ikæh( Qiti`h \yh
Wqi}ikæh wnq \yh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh Ji}|qoh i Wnliq+ Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh lik|qn li mhlh yj ” li}wnk|h(
Is|okfyi i}}i is|iqonq iy*cyjhkn i jhk|ïj \iy Lnjêkon hfnqh i }ijwqi( Cè }njik|i Yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh,
yjh Wqi}ikæh, yjh I}}åkmoh, yj Hjnq* i ï} \y+ Liqqhjh \yh Qhlohæín h|qhtï} li}}i} jhk|n} is|iqonqi} li
mhqki i mnjhklh xyi \yh Wiqdioæín }ieh, ik|ín, jhkodi}|hlh i }y}|ik|hlh+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i, xyi i}|è }ijwqi ijo|okln }yh Qhlohæín i Ok|i`ofåkmoh+
H}}yjo n mnjhkln5 !Iy ]ny &IY ]NY& h Wyqh I}}åkmoh I`i|qükomh xyi ikmci jokch jik|i i jiy mnqwn, i h
khlh jho} iy hljo|n!+ Liy} ij tý} ï n }ikcnq li |nlh} h} }o|yhæùi}, mnk|okyhjik|i+ Louio jyo|h} tiui}5 !Iy
]NY }ijwqi h Wqi}ikæh To|nqon}h ln Wnliqn}n &IY ]NY&!+
]ik|o h wnliqn}h mnqqik|i li I}}åkmoh I`i|qükomh ikmciq*tn} h jik|i i n mnqwn, hwhfhkln ok}|hk|hkihjik|i
|nlh h|otolhli li}hqjnkon}h i lhkln*tn} h Mnk}moåkmoh, Ji}|qoh i To|ýqoh+
Mnjhklho5 !Lotokh Wqi}ikæh( Liqqhjh \yh Qhlohæín h|qhtï} li}|h jik|i i li}|i mnqwn i tå xyi \yh
]hailnqoh loqoeh }ijwqi |nlh h|otolhli is|iqonq!+
LO]MYQ]N
H fqhkli kimi}}olhli, cnei ij loh, ï h myqh lh} khæùi} i ln} oklotêlyn}+ H}}oj mnjn ï lhlh hn oklotêlyn
h}}o}|åkmoh, jilohk|i h iswhk}ín lh Ikiqfoh I`i|qükomh h|qhtï} lh jik|i i ln mnqwn, wqiikmcikln*`ci |nlh} h}
mï`y`h}, |hjaïj ij fqhy jho} hjw`n h khæín qimiai ofyh` |qh|hjik|n+ H khæín ï yj fqhkli mnqwn li
oklotêlyn} i li mqohæùi} lh Kh|yqiuh+ \ijn} n ji}jn wnliq whqh h|yhq ki}|i }ik|oln, wnqxyi }njn} h
Wqi}ikæh li Liy} oklotolyh`ouhlh+ ]haijn}, wno}, xyi !IY ]NY! i}|è wqi}ik|i ij |nlh whq|i, i xyhkln
jokch mnk}moåkmoh }i iswhkli, iy }io xyi ]yh ikiqfoh }i hqqiji}}h whqh hfoq ij |yln, |hk|n kh} mï`y`h} ln
mnqwn ln jykln mnjn kh} ln mnqwn ln oklotêlyn+ Ï ojwnq|hk|i mnjwqiikliq xyi h H|oth Wqi}ikæh li Liy}
\nln*Wnliqn}n i}|è wqi}ik|i ij |nln `yfhq, xyi kín iso}|i yj }ý qimhk|n ij whq|i h`fyjh nkli kín i}|ieh h
H|oth Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, i xyi i}}h H|oth Wqi}ikæh eyk|h |nlh mqohæín cyjhkh, i mnk}nji ok}|hk|hkihjik|i
hxyo`n xyi dnq li kh|yqiuh li}hqjükomh i okli}ieèti`5 }njik|i n `otqi*hqaê|qon ln oklotêlyn ojwy`}onkhln wnq
}yh ofknqákmoh i li}mqikæh wnli li|å*`h+
H Lotokh ]hailnqoh h|yh h|qhtï} ln !IY ]NY!, qiwi`okln n xyi kín i}|otiq mnjwqiikloln lik|qn ln }o}|ijh+
Li}}h jhkioqh, i}|h Nkowqi}ik|i ]hailnqoh, h|qhtï} li kn}}h hæín mnk}moik|i, i}|è mnk}|hk|ijik|i okmo|hkln*
kn} h qimy}hq |yln hxyo`n xyi wn}}h wiq|yqahq }yh chqjnkon}h h|otolhli, }ieh h|qhtï} ln }ik|ojik|n, ln
wik}hjik|n ny lh h`ojik|hæín+
H} mnqqik|i} li Wyqh Ikiqfoh Mý}jomh i}|ín }ijwqi d`yokln h|qhtï} lh h|jn}diqh lh \iqqh, mnjn dhmcn} li
`yu li yj dhqn`2 i |nln} litiqohj jhk|iq*}i qimiw|otn} h i}}h} mnqqik|i} to|ho}+
Ï tiqlhli xyi, nkli h} mnkloæùi} }ín jyo|n lik}h} whqh xyi i}|h Ikiqfoh wn}}h wiki|qhq, i`h wh}}h wnq mojh
ny wnq ahosn li`h}, i }ifyi }iy myq}n, hwi}hq li |yln+ Li}li n okêmon li 8?=1, mhlh oklotêlyn hklh i }i jnti
mnk}|hk|ijik|i lik|qn li Wnliqn}h} Mnqqik|i} Myqh|oth}+ Wi`n Wnliq li Mm`nwi #To}|h/, h ]imqi|h I}|qi`h li
Hjnq, i ln} Qhon} wqntikoik|i} lh Molhli li Nyqn, mnqqik|i} li Dnqæh Myqh|oth li |qijikln Wnliq }ín
mnk}moik|ijik|i loqofolh} h|qhtï} lh h|jn}diqh lh \iqqh+ Mnjwqiikliqio} xyi i}}h} mnqqik|i} * xyi wi`h }yh
wqýwqoh kh|yqiuh mnk}|o|yij Ikiqfoh li Liy} ij H|otolhli * }ín kh|yqh`jik|i Hy|njhk|olh}+ \ikln n
oklotêlyn mnk}moåkmoh li xyi i`h} i}|ín wqi}ik|i}, wnliqè mnk|h|hq i}}i} Qhon} h xyh`xyiq jnjik|n+
N} lo}mêwy`n} xyi wn}}yij yj }ik|ojik|n li wh|qon|o}jn i li}iehj hyso`ohq }yh khæín litiqohj wiq}yhloq*}i
li xyi i}}h} Mnqqik|i} Myqh|oth} kín }njik|i h|okfij n} oklotêlyn} jh} |hjaïj h|yhj }naqi }o|yhæùi},
hjaoik|i} i mhqfn} ndomoho} mnjn yjh Mchjh ok|i`ofik|i+ I`h} i}|ín idi|yhkln yj |qhah`cn li wqn|iæín i
}niqfyojik|n ln} do`cn} lh \iqqh kykmh lhk|i} qih`ouhln mnj |ín wnliqn}h ikiqfoh, li}li h mqohæín li}|i
w`hki|h+ Xyhk|n jho} n} oklotêlyn} }i |nqkhqij mnk}moik|i} li}|h nwiqhæín, |hk|n jho} toqín h }iq wnliqn}n}
jik}hfioqn} i h}}o}|ik|i} ki}|i |qhah`cn is|qhnqlokèqon+
Cè yjh okd`yåkmoh }oko}|qh xyi i}|hjn} ikdqik|hkln kh h|otolhli |iqqikh2 ï h dnqæh jik|h` xyi h|yh
mnk}moik|ijik|i kn okmo|hjik|n h fyiqqh}+ Hxyi`i} xyi li}iehj |qhah`chq kn }ik|oln li lo}}n`tiq i}|h
}o|yhæín litiqín jilo|hq }naqi i}|i mnkcimojik|n, h|ï mhw|hqij |nlh h }yh ojwnq|ákmoh+ Mnktom|n}, i`i}
ijwqifhqín }iy} i}dnqæn}, }haikln xyi i}}h} Mnqqik|i} li Ikiqfoh I`i|qükomh Mnk}yjolnqh, loqofolh}
mnk}moik|ijik|i h|qhtï} lh h|jn}diqh lh \iqqh, kín wnlij }ndqiq ok|iqdiqåkmoh i xyi, h mhlh i}dnqæn }okmiqn i
ok|ikmonkh` ln oklotêlyn, kn li}ien li hyso`ohq, }yqfoqè yjh mnk}moåkmoh li}}h Ikiqfoh xyi h|ï ik|ín i`i kín
wn}}yêh+

84
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ikmnk|qhj*}i, h`fyjh} tiui}, oklotêlyn} jyo|n ankln}n} i li kh|yqiuh |ín }ik}êti` xyi n }õao|n
mnkcimojik|n li xyi wqimo}hj qikykmohq h miq|n} |own} li h`ojik|n, ny xyh`xyiq ny|qh h|otolhli, mnk}|o|yo
yjh i}wïmoi li ojwhm|n+
H i}}i} oklotêlyn} iy li}iehqoh louiq xyi h Ok|i`ofåkmoh Lotokh, xyi toti lik|qn li mhlh yj, dh*`n*è
hahklnkhq, mnj kh|yqh`olhli, h} mno}h} xyi kín i}|ín li hmnqln mnj i}|h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh, h mhlh wh}}n ln
mhjokcn, xyhkln }i dhu kimi}}èqon+ Whqh xyi yj oklotêlyn hahklnki mnk}moik|ijik|i yj cèao|n, liti mnk|hq
mnj h`fyjh mno}h xyi }ok|h }iq jho} dnq|i i ij xyi }i wn}}h doqjhq+ Ç jilolh xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} }i |nqkhqij
mnk}moik|i} lo}}n, mnkdohkæh i dnqæh `ci} hltoqín whqh lhq n wh}}n ç dqik|i+
Mnjn eè }yfiqo ij miq|h nmh}oín, iy li}iehqoh xyi n lo}mêwy`n, wi`n jikn} yjh tiu wnq loh, ny ji}jn jho},
ojwqifkh}}i h h|jn}diqh li }yh mh}h mnj i}|h Wyqh Ikiqfoh I`i|qükomh2 h}}oj, hxyi`h wqýwqoh Wqi}ikæh li
Liy} ojwiloqoh h ik|qhlh li h`ojik|n}, li wik}hjik|n} i li wqi}ikæh} okli}ieètio}+
N} xyi ik|qhj ij tn}}n `hq jiqimij hysê`on i li}|i jnln qimiaiqín |nlh h h}}o}|åkmoh xyi li}iehj i xyi
|iqio} wqhuiq ij lhq2 jh} ehjho} |ik|io} ojwnq xyiq n mnkcimojik|n, xyiq h lny|qokh, }ieh h xyij dnq+ Wi`n
isijw`n i h hw`omhæín ln xyi nytij i hmio|hj wnlij i}}h} wi}}nh} mnkcimiq h`fyj loh h Qih`olhli+
Xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY! qimnkcimio} n Wnliq xyi liqqyah |nlh} h} ahqqioqh} i |nlh qi}o}|åkmoh+ N }iq cyjhkn
ï ish|hjik|i mnjn yj `iín dhjok|n kh }i`th+ I`i li}wilhæhqè }ieh n xyi dnq whqh mnk}ifyoq h`ojik|n+ N
ji}jn nmnqqi mnj h mnk}moåkmoh cyjhkh xyi dhqè ij wilhæn} }iy ji`cnq hjofn h doj li h|okfoq n }iy
naei|otn+
Ij |nlh }ya}|ákmoh h}|qh`, cè i}}i i`ijik|n cyjhkn ln li}ien, h|qhtï} lh xyh` n oklotêlyn * h kín }iq xyi
dimci wnq mnjw`i|n }yh jik|i hn jykln h}|qh` * }iqè mnk}|hk|ijik|i ok|iqqnjwolh kh} anh} qi}n`yæùi}, wno}
liosny i}}h wnq|h haiq|h h yjh dnqæh jyo|n jho} }y|o` xyi xyh`xyiq ny|qh xyi wn}}h }iq ikmnk|qhlh kn jykln
dê}omn+ Jyo|n} wik}hj xyi cè dnqæh} aikïdomh} kn jykln h}|qh`+ Iy tn} lofn5 ehjho} dnqæh h`fyjh aikïdomh
tij ln jykln h}|qh`+ Xyh`xyiq dnqæh ln aij xyi hwhqik|i toq li `è, mnk}|qýo }iy wqýwqon \õki` li `yu h doj
li h|qhti}}è*`n+
Ij wqojioqn `yfhq, li xyi ï mnk}|o|yêln n jykln h}|qh`> ]ý cè yj `yfhq nkli h} mqohæùi} okli}ieètio} wnlij
ikmnk|qhq haqofn, i ï kn lifqhy wqýsojn ç h|otolhli cyjhkh, xyi ï n qiokn h}|qh`+ I}}i qiokn li h|otolhli
h}|qh` ikmiqqh |nlh h mqohæín okli}ieèti` hmyjy`hlh lyqhk|i }ïmy`n}+ Wnq|hk|n, kikcyj aij wnli hltoq ln
mnk|h|n mnj n h}|qh`+ I@I KHLH MNK\ÏJ LN MQO]\N+
Cè yjh lodiqikæh |ín fqhkli ik|qi n qiokn li h|otolhli h}|qh` i n xyi h`fyk} liknjokhj I}|qi`h H}|qh`, mnjn
h xyi iso}|i ik|qi h `yu i h} |qith}+ H I}|qi`h H}|qh` }i mchjh, qih`jik|i, !I}|qi`h H}|qh`! i ï yj ]iq Mý}jomn
lh Xyhq|h I}diqh, Myen \qhah`cn ï mnk}yjoq |yln n xyi dnq wn}}êti` kn w`hkn h}|qh` i h`iq|hq n} oklotêlyn}
myeh h|ikæín whqiæh }iq h|qhêlh whqh `è+ I}}i Fqhkli ]iq i}m`hqimiqè, jho} miln ny jho} |hqli, h mnjwqiik}ín
li |ho} oklotêlyn} i mnk}yjoqè }iy li}ien li jhk|iq xyh`xyiq mnk|h|n mnj hxyi`i w`hkn okdi`ou+ Kín iso}|ij
mqohkæh} kn w`hkn h}|qh`+ N `hq lh} mqohkæh} xyi lioshj h \iqqh ï kn w`hkn i|ïqomn+ H} wi}}nh} xyi i}|ín ij
mnqwn dê}omn, xyhkln lnqjij, tín whqh h ji}jh qifoín xyi n} li}ikmhqkhln}+ H Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! wn}}yo
yjh Mnk}moåkmoh Hy|n*}y}|ik|hlnqh xyi }i }hoqjn} mnj I`h ikxyhk|n lnqjojn}, wnq jion li}}i Wnliq
}y}|ik|hlnq i}|hqijn} ij mnkloæùi} li h|okfoq h`|yqh} okmqêtio}+ ]i |otiqli} mnk}moåkmoh li}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! h|qhtï} lh jhkodi}|hæín is|iqonq, i `ithqli} i}}h Mnk}moåkmoh mnktn}mn hn wiki|qhqli} ij ny|qn}
w`hkn}, I`h tn} wqnwnqmonkhqè yjh wqn|iæín okmh`my`èti`+
Cè yj jnjik|n kn limnqqiq li kn}}h tolh xyi isofi n qimnkcimojik|n mnk}moik|i i n ijwqifn li !IY ]NY
h wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij Hæín!+ Xyhkln |qhk}wnq|hjn} i}|h Mnk}moåkmoh mnkn}mn h|qhtï} ln tïy ln }nkn, h
h`jh ï mhwhu li dykmonkhq dnqh lh mnqwn mnj yj wnliq xyh}i o`ojo|hln+
]ywnkchjn} xyi cheh yjh kimi}}olhli }iji`chk|i kh h|otolhli dê}omh+ Hk|i} li hlnqjimiqjn} wnliqijn}
louiq h}}oj5 !Wnq jion ln Tofnqn}n Wnliq i lh Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi IY ]NY * iy }hon ikxyhk|n jiy mnqwn
lnqji, i}|hai`iæn mnk|h|n mnk}moik|i mnj i}|h totåkmoh i li}ijwikcn*h w`ikhjik|i }ieh i`h xyh` dnq!+
]haikln xyi i}}h h|otolhli ï Hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh, i`h kín wnliqè dh`chq li jnln h`fyj+ Ï yjh wnliqn}h
jhkioqh li wnq ij jntojik|n h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ \yln n xyi !IY ]NY! mnjhklh ikxyhk|n n mnqwn
lnqji |ij xyi }iq nailimoln+ ]io li yj mh}n li}}h kh|yqiuh, ij xyi chtoh kimi}}olhli li wqn|iæín+ N
wqn|hfnko}|h |okch yjh miq|h mnk}moåkmoh li}}h Wqi}ikæh+ N oklotêlyn i}|hth mhokln h|qhtï} li yj
li}wikchlioqn i i}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ok}|hk|hkihjik|i mnk}|qyoy yjh dnqjh, hfhqqny n oklotêlyn i
|nqkny h wü*`n h }h`tn+
Xyhkln okfqi}}hjn} kh }iklh i}woqo|yh` i wiki|qhjn} ij h`fyj hjaoik|i nkli wn}}h chtiq wiqofn, litijn}
}ijwqi idi|yhq h`fyj |qhah`cn qèwoln, wn}o|otn, whqh kn}}h wqn|iæín, wnqxyi h|ï xyi h}mik}onkijn} n mnqwn
i}|hqè }ijwqi jho} ny jikn} ij mnk|h|n mnj n wik}hjik|n is|iqonq lh cyjhkolhli+ ]i n lo}mêwy`n i}|otiq
i}mh`hkln jnk|hkch}, liti dhuiq yj |qhah`cn li wqn|iæín i dhuå*`n mnk}moik|ijik|i+ ]i n lo}mêwy`n jhk|otiq
}ijwqi h }yh wqn|iæín mnk}moik|i, }iqè mhwhu li ito|hq h li}|qyoæín li ny|qn} oklotêlyn}+

86
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Wqn|iæín kyj khton5 !Liy} ï h Dnqæh \nlh*Wnliqn}h xyi wqn|ifi i loqofi i}|i khton, wnq o}}n i`i khtifh
kyjh unkh li ha}n`y|h }ifyqhkæh!+ Kh }iklh mnk}moik|i, litio} i}|hq }ijwqi tofo`hk|i} i ij hæín+ Chtiqè
xyij wik}i }iq o}|n yjh }yfi}|ín li jiln, jh} kín ï+ Ï n qimnkcimojik|n ln Wnliq Wqn|i|nq Nkowqi}ik|i+
Mhqqn}5 !Liy} ï Nkotolik|i i Nko}moik|i, tå mnj hk|imowhæín i ito|hqè kh|yqh`jik|i |nln mnk|h|n
okli}ieèti`!+ Xyhkln louio}5 !Liy} i}|è loqofokln i}|i mhqqn!, h To}ín li Liy} tho kh dqik|i, iksiqfh
xyhq|ioqùi} i jo`ch} hlohk|i, i tn} hltoqè n ojwy`}n li tn} loqofoqli} whqh h qyh xyi i}|è li}ojwilolh+ !Wnq
i}|hq Liy} loqofokln i}|i mhqqn, kn}}n mhjokcn i}|è li}na}|qyêln ij |nln n |qhei|n!+
Cè lyh} qhuùi} wi`h} xyho} n} lo}mêwy`n} }ndqij hmolik|i}5
Wqojioqn * wnqxyi hn }i |nqkhqij oqqo|hln} haqij aqimch} ij }yh hyqh xyi wiqjo|ij, ik|ín, n hmi}}n li
okd`yåkmoh} kidh}|h} ln w`hkn h}|qh`+
]ifykln * wnqxyi n lo}mêwy`n }i li}myolny ikxyhk|n loqofoh+
]ijwqi xyi dhuijn} h`fn mnj h|o|yli wn}o|oth i lokájomh, n is|iqonq tho hlxyoqokln jho} mnkdohkæh i wnq
mnk}ifyok|i kín dh`ch+
Whqh wqnei|hq yj Mok|n I`i|qükomn hn qilnq li ny|qij, louio5 !IY ]NY n Mok|n I`i|qükomn Wqn|i|nq ij |nqkn
li+++! Xyhkln louio}5 !IY ]NY n Hki` ny Mok|n Wqn|i|nq!, dnqjh*}i ok}|hk|hkihjik|i i}}i Mok|n I`i|qükomn
oktikmêti`, okty`kiqèti` i Ok|hkfêti`+
Mnjwqiiklio xyi xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY! }ieh n xyi dnq nqlikhln ï dio|n wnliqn}hjik|i kn ji}jn
ok}|hk|i+ Kín wnlio} ijwqifhq h !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY! }ij xyi cheh h|otolhli ok}|hk|ákih+
Louio mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !IY ]NY h Ok|i`ofåkmoh Nkowqi}ik|i, \nlh* Wnliqn}h i Wqn|i|nqh xyi fntiqkh i}|h
jik|i i i}|i mnqwn!+ I`h i}|è ok}|hk|hkihjik|i nkowqi}ik|i ij hæín xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY!+ N !IY ]NY!
xyi i}|è wqi}ik|i ij |nlh whq|i i}|è khxyi`i wnk|n, |qhah`chkln khxyi`i jnjik|n+ I}|i ï n wqnmi}}n li
wnqli} ij h|otolhli, wi`n jion jho} loqi|n, h Hæín \nlh*Wnliqn}h ln !IY ]NY! xyi ï \yln ij \nln}+
Qi`ijaqho mnk}|hk|ijik|i ç mnk}moåkmoh is|iqonq xyi, xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY!, wnkli} ij hæín |nln} h}
h|qoay|n} lh Lotoklhli+
Mcifh}|i} hfnqh hn wnk|n ij xyi litio} |iq h|otolhli ok}|hk|ákih+ Xyhkln, ij h`fyjh }o|yhæín, louio} !IY
]NY!, }ofkodomh xyi h hæín ojiloh|h i}|è hmnk|imikln ki}}i whq|omy`hq wi`n Jhonq Wnliq ln Ykotiq}n+ Kn
jnjik|n ij xyi tn} |njhqli} mnk}moik|i} li xyi !IY ]NY! ï h W`ikh H|otolhli li Liy}, mnk|ikln |nln} n}
h|qoay|n} li Liy}, ki}}i jnjik|n |iqio} ik|qhln kn y}n w`ikn li}}i Ojik}n Wnliq+ Ijwqifho dqixðik|ijik|i5
!IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi qih`ouh jokch Ji}|qoh!+ H}}yjo h mnk}moåkmoh lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, whqh xyij
hwi`ho}, xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY!+
Xyhkln louio}5 !IY ]NY &IY ]NY& h H}mik}ín li}|i mnqwn dê}omn ki}|i ok}|hk|i!, ik|ín |iqio}, ki}}i ok}|hk|i,
hmio|hln i ik|qhln ki}}h h|otolhli+ Xyhkln tn} i}dnqæho} wnq na|iq @yu i hæín o`ojo|hlh, i}|ho} tn} i}dnqæhkln
wi`n Jhonq Naei|otn kn jykln+ Ikmcio tn}}n jykln mnj h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i, hn dhuå*`n, }ik|o xyi h
dhuio} mnk}moik|ijik|i+
]i h`fyïj h}}yjoq h mnk}moåkmoh li xyi !IY ]NY h H|otolhli Wiqdio|h ij mhlh +ýqfín i mï`y`h ln jiy
mnqwn!, mnk}ixyik|ijik|i o}|n }i jhkodi}|hqè+ Ah}|h xyi }ieho} mnk}moik|i} li}}i dh|n i i`i }i qih`ouhqè+
Louio mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !IY ]NY h ]hõli Wiqdio|h hfnqh jhkodi}|hlh ij mhlh ýqfín ln jiy mnqwn!+ Liwn}o|ho
|nlh h mnkdohkæh kn tn}}n !IY ]NY! ij tiu li liwn}o|è*`h kh jilomokh |iqqikh+ ]ywnkchjn} xyi li}ieho}
yjh h|otolhli fqhkli i ok|i`ofik|i, ik|ín louio5 !IY ]NY h Wiqdio|h i ok|i`ofik|i h|otolhli ki}|i mnqwn!+ Kín
wnlio} dhuiq o}}n i hn ji}jn |ijwn wik}hqli} ij |njhq yj jilomhjik|n+
Whqh i}m`hqimiq h jik|i, n} n`cn} i n} nytoln}5
!IY ]NY h Ok|i`ofåkmoh Wiqdio|h, h|oth ki}|i mïqiaqn!+
!IY ]NY h To}ín Wiqdio|h tikln h|qhtï} li}|i} n`cn}!+
!IY ]NY h Hyloæín Wiqdio|h nytokln h|qhtï} li}|i} nytoln}!+
Mnk|okyho i}}i} |qh|hjik|n} mnj li|iqjokhæín i i`i} kín wnliqín dh`chq+ \ikli} h} qïlih}, y}ho*h} hfnqh(
Ito|ho n ijwqifn li wh`htqh} xyi qimnqlij h} mnkloæùi} `ojo|hlh} hk|iqonqi}+
Xyhkln dnqli} mnk}moik|i} ln !IY ]NY! kín jho} tn} ojwnq|hqè n xyi h`fyïj dhæh ki}|i jykln+ Kín tn}
litio} wqinmywhq mnj n xyi xyiq xyi }ieh, h kín }iq mnj n tn}}n jykln+
Hwhfho li tn}}h jik|i |yln n xyi kín }ieh h nwiqhæín mnk}moik|i ln !IY ]NY!, wnqxyi I`i ï n jho} h`|n
Wnliq xyi iso}|i i wqnmyqho }ik|oq mnjn ï dèmo` h wqnlyæín li}}i} jo`hfqi} hwhqik|i}+
Hn |ik|hq dhuiq h`fn xyi whqiæh ojwn}}êti`, y}ho h h|otolhli !IY ]NY!+ Kín lio} h|ikæín hn xyi wn}}hj
louiq+ Hwikh} hdoqjho i}wimodomhjik|i n xyi xyiqio} wqnlyuoq+
Qiwi|o jyo|h} tiui}5 !IY ]NY h õkomh Wqi}ikæh xyi h|yh ko}|n!+
Louio5 !IY ]NY h õkomh Wqi}ikæh xyi hfi ij jiy jykln!+
Whqh ikmnk|qhq naei|n} wiqloln}5 !IY ]NY h Ok|i`ofåkmoh i h N`cn Nkotolik|i xyi hmch o}|n!+
Domhqio} jhqhto`chln} mnj n }ik|ojik|n xyi kh}miqè lik|qn li tý}, xyhkln kín |otiqli} xyi mnk}oliqhq ny|qh
mno}h }ikín n !IY ]NY!+

83
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]ywnkli xyi li}ieho} o`yjokhq yj hwn}ik|n2 louio5 !IY ]NY h o`yjokhæín li}|i xyhq|n!+ Li}}h dnqjh h|yho}
}naqi n} i`ï|qnk} iso}|ik|i} kn xyhq|n, yjh tiu xyi h o`yjokhæín lh h|jn}diqh li yj mnjwhq|ojik|n ï |ín
dèmo` mnjn n h|n li iqfyiqli} tn}}h jín+ Tn}}h mhwhmolhli li o`yjokhq yjh }h`h ï |ín }ojw`i} mnjn h li
mnk}ifyo*`n wnq ok|iqjïlon lh `ájwhlh i`ï|qomh+ Wnlio} i}|hai`imiq n mnk|h|n mnj h mnqqik|i Ykotiq}h` li
i`i|qomolhli |ín dhmo`jik|i mnjn h|qhtï} ln} don} i`ï|qomn}+
Whqh |nqkhq to}êti` h o`yjokhæín kn ok|iqonq li tn}}n wqýwqon mnqwn, louio5 !IY ]NY h o`yjokhæín to}êti`
h|qhtï} li}|i mnqwn ki}|i ok}|hk|i!+ Cè yj wnk|n dnmh` ey}|hjik|i lik|qn li tý}+
N !IY ]NY! ij tý} mqony |nlh} h} mno}h} kh Ykotiq}n+
Xyhkln |otiqli} mnkdohkæh kn !IY ]NY!, }ij lijnqh I`i i`ojokhqè |nln} n} na}|èmy`n}+
Y}ho mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !IY ]NY n Wnliq i h Wqi}ikæh Mnk}yjolnqh li |nlh whq|êmy`h li jiln, lõtolh i
okmiq|iuh li jokch jik|i is|iqonq qi`h|oth ç Oktikmêti` H|otolhli ln &IY ]NY&!+ Mnk}iqtho o}|n mnktn}mn i
}haiqio} }ijwqi, ok}|hk|hkihjik|i, n xyi dhuiq+
H Mnk}moåkmoh ln oklotêlyn ti}|i h }yh dnqjh mnj n} mnkmio|n} wiq|ikmik|i} h I`h, i xyhkln i}}i} mnkmio|n}
}ín h|qhêln} hn qilnq li h`fyïj xyi |ikch fiqhln yjh miq|h ikiqfoh, ojwùi*`ci h} mno}h} ln ]iy wqýwqon
jykln+ Wnq|hk|n, |nlh} h} tiui} xyi }ik|oqli} yj }õao|n ojwy`}n li h`ifqoh, hwn}}ho*tn} li`i, y}ho*n i
limqi|ho*n+

8?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ikdiqjolhli !Kín!
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Wnliqn}h+ Okdoko|h Wqi}ikæh( Mqohlnq li |yln n xyi iso}|i, }ijwqi jhei}|n}n ij \yh
Mnkxyo}|hlnqh Wqi}ikæh, }ý h \o lhjn} Wnliq( Qi|oqhjn} whqh }ijwqi |nln n wnliq xyi }ijwqi lijn} ç}
mno}h} is|iqonqi} i wiqjhkimijn} }iqikn} ij \yh Jhei}|n}h Wqi}ikæh, ij \iy Hjnq, ij \yh ]hailnqoh i
Wnliq+ ]haikln xyi !IY ]NY &IY ]NY& hxyo, &IY ]NY& `è i &IY ]NY& ij |nlh whq|i, ik|ín IY ]NY &IY
]NY& }iqikn ij \yh Jhei}|n}h Wqi}ikæh, jhkodi}|hkln \iy Hjnq, \yh ]hailnqoh, \iy Wnliq i Ey`fhjik|n,
wnqxyi wn}}yn \yh wqito}ín i tien jyo|n h`ïj lh} wn}}oao`olhli} cyjhkh}!+ Qikln `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq
qimnkcimiq i hmio|hq, hfnqh i whqh }ijwqi, ykomhjik|i h \yh Wnliqn}h, To|nqon}h Wqi}ikæh ij |nlh} h} mno}h},
kh jokch Tolh, kn jiy jykln, kh jokch jik|i i kn jiy mnqwn+
Qifnuoen*ji wnq |iq Iy mn`nmhln ij |nqkn li mhlh mchjh \iy Mêqmy`n Jèfomn Oktikmêti`, Ojwiki|qèti` h
|yln xyi kín }ieh} \y+ Iy jnk|n fyhqlh ç jokch Tolh, hn jiy mnqwn, ç jokch jik|i, hn jiy jykln i hn}
jiy} kifýmon} whqh xyi khlh }i jhkodi}|i h kín }iqi} \y+ Ký} \i hfqhlimijn}+
LO]MYQ]N
Mnk|okyho qi`ijaqhkln ç jik|i is|iqonq xyi xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY! wik}hkln kn Okdoko|n Wnliq li Liy}
wnkli} i}}i Wnliq ij jntojik|n whqh qih`ouhq mnj åso|n h olïoh jhk|olh kh mnk}moåkmoh, ny h olïoh ij xyi }i
wqikliy tn}}h h|ikæín+ N} lo}mêwy`n} }okmiqn} kín litij i}xyimiq o}}n wnq yj jnjik|n }ixyiq, h|ï xyi h
Tiqlhli }i |nqki |ín qi`hmonkhlh mnj h h|otolhli is|iqonq, xyi h|yi hy|njh|omhjik|i+ Wnq|hk|n, tiqio} mnjn ï
qolêmy`n louiq5 !IY I]\NY lnik|i, IY I]\NY ij lodomy`lhli} dokhkmioqh}!, ny n xyi whqiæh qiwqi}ik|hq
lidomoåkmoh li h`fyjh mno}h+ Iy tn} lofn xyi kín iso}|i wn}}oao`olhli li }iqli} hdi|hln} }i tn} hwifhqli} h
i}}h olïoh, wnq o}}n ijwqifho*h+
Xyhkln whqimio} i}|hq qi}dqohln}, kín ï kimi}}èqon xyi }i tn} lofh xyi y}io} `ikæn+ Ik|ín, wnq xyi }iqè wqimo}n
`ijaqhq*tn} xyi h h|otolhli is|iqonq lo}wùi ism`y}othjik|i li yj Wnliq whqh jntojik|hq*}i, i i}|i ï h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, Liy} ij tý}> Ï `hjik|èti` xyi lo}mêwy`n} }okmiqn} jyo|h} tiui} kín jilo|hj n
}ydomoik|i }naqi i}|h Tiqlhli, whqh xyi }yh jhqhto`cn}h Wqi}ikæh ik|qi ij h|otolhli+
Wnq isijw`n5 }i lo}}iqli} !IY ]NY h Jhei}|n}h i To|nqon}h Wqi}ikæh wqiikmcikln |nln} n} mhqfn} ndomoho}!,
i }y}|ik|hqli} mnj doqjiuh i}|h hdoqjhæín ij tn}}h} jik|i} `nfn wiqmiaiqio} h} aåkæín} xyi lo}}n tn}
hltoqín+
Wqi}iqtho*tn} }ijwqi, kn tn}}n mnk|h|n mnj n is|iqkn, li hmio|hq okmnk}moik|ijik|i h hwhqåkmoh lh} mno}h} ny
n wi}}ojo}jn ln} mchjhln} dokhkmo}|h}+ Liy} fntiqkh tn}}n jykln, tn}}n `hq, tn}}n} kifýmon} i o}}n ï |yln
n xyi tn} liti ok|iqi}}hq+ Kykmh wik}io} xyi }ieh hwikh} tn}}h ojhfokhæín, xyhkln wiqmiaio} i }ik|o} xyi }i
hwqnsojh h w`ikh jhkodi}|hæín li}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Oklotolyh`ouhlh+ H`ifqho*tn}( Hmqilo|ho kh Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh xyi mnk}iqth ij }iy haqhæn |yln kn jykln xyi wn}}ho} li}iehq ny y}hq+ Kín }no} liwiklik|i} lh}
mno}h} is|iqonqi}+ Wiki|qhkln h`ifqijik|i ki}}i Ojik}n Wnliq i Wqi}ikæh xyi |yln mnk|ïj, kín tili} xyi
}iqêio} }ijwqi wqntoln}, ji}jn xyi |nln }ywqojik|n dn}}i mnq|hln>
Xyiqn xyi }ok|ho} i xyi hmio|io} wqhuiqn}hjik|i, mnj |nln n tn}}n }iq, xyi n Wnliq li wqimowo|hæín kín ï yj
jo|n, ï qih`+ Hxyi`i} xyi wiki|qhqij wqndyklhjik|i ki}}i }ik|ojik|n |iqín h wqimowo|hæín li |yln n xyi
li}iehj+
Mqohkæh} |åj }oln mh}|ofhlh} wnq tiqij ]iqi} Hkfï`omn} i wnq jhkodi}|hqij Wiqmiwæín Ok|iqonq+ N} who} ï xyi
jiqimohj }iq mh}|ofhln}, wnq ny}hqij ok|iqdiqoq kn lnj lotokn lh `oaiqlhli lh mqohkæh+ ]i n} hly`|n}
toti}}ij jho} ki}|h wiqmiwæín mnk}moik|i i kh hmio|hæín li}}h} Wnliqn}h} i Fqhkli} Wqi}ikæh}, li myeh qih`
iso}|åkmoh h jhonq whq|i lh cyjhkolhli lytolh, }ik|oqohj }yh Wqi}ikæh i }yh ilodomhk|i, }y}|ik|hlnqh
ok|i`ofåkmoh+
Jiy} xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}( ]i qiwik|okhjik|i }ik|ojn} dh`|hq* kn} mnqhfij ny dnqæh5 !IY ]NY hfokln i
}ywqokln ok}|hk|hkihjik|i i}}h dh`|h!+ ]i kimi}}o|n chqjnkoh kh jokch jik|i ny kn jiy mnqwn, ki}|i mh}n,
!IY ]NY h`o, }ywqokln*h ok}|hk|hkihjik|i!, i kín wqimo}n i}wiqhq+
Kín wik}io} kn jykln ny kn} oklotêlyn} xyi kín mnjwqiiklij i}}h} mno}h}+ Wqn}}ifyo loqi|n, qifnuoehkln*
tn} mnj h Wqi}ikæh to}êti` i h|oth, wqimowo|hlh ij tn}}h Tolh i whqh y}n li |yln xyi li}ieho}+
Kn}}n }ik}n mnjyj is|iqkn, mnjn ï mchjhln, liti louiq*kn} xyi5 h jikn} xyi hfyhqlijn}, hmio|ijn} i
kn} qifnuoeijn} kh !Wqi}ikæh! lh mno}h xyi li}iehjn}, mnjn wnlijn} i}wiqhq na|å*`h> N wnaqi i
ok}ofkodomhk|i }iq is|iqonq ijwhtnkh*}i, louikln5 !IY ]NY lijh}ohln ojwnq|hk|i whqh lhq h|ikæín h
}iji`chk|i} mnk|n} li dhlh}!+ Wno} aij, liosho*ji louiq*tn}5 yj loh, n} oklotêlyn} xyi lim`hqhj o}}n |iqín n
jèsojn wqhuiq ij i}my|hq i}}h} co}|ýqoh} li dhlh}, i ikmciq }iy} mïqiaqn} mnj i}}h} olïoh} whqh xyi wn}}hj
wqnfqiloq+
Ij xyh`xyiq moqmyk}|ákmoh, kn mnk|h|n is|iqkn ln jykln ln} kifýmon}, |nlh tiu xyi }i hwqi}ik|hq yjh
mnkloæín kifh|oth xyi whqiæh h|okfoq li h`fyjh dnqjh n tn}}n jykln, ojiloh|hjik|i |njho h doqji

17
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
qi}n`yæín5 !IY ]NY h wqimowo|hæín i h Wqi}ikæh To}êti` li |yln n xyi li}ien i wi}}nh h`fyjh wnli ko}}n
ok|iqdiqoq!+
Xyhkln dh`n li wqimowo|hæín wnq i}}i jnln, kín xyiqn louiq }njik|i wnq jion ln okto}êti`, jh} h|qhtï} li
xyh`xyiq mhkh`, wnqxyi |yln ï yjh wqimowo|hæín2 iso}|i hwikh} yjh lodiqikæh wixyikh kh h|otolhli+
Xyhkln Iy qimnkciæn xyi IY ]NY, ik|ín ik|qio kn !Fqhkli ]o`åkmon!, nkli |ij `yfhq h jhonq h|otolhli li
Liy}+ \h` qimnkcimojik|n litiqè |qhuiq fqhkli} qiti`hæùi} hn oklotêlyn, }i i`i n hmio|hq wqhuiqn}hjik|i+
Ij tn}}h iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh, h wqè|omh li xyh`xyiq h|otolhli li}iktn`ti mhlh tiu jho} h idomoåkmoh, kín ï
h}}oj> ]i o}|n }i wqnmi}}h kh h|otolhli is|iqonq, kín tili} xyín jho} ojwnq|hk|i ï xyhkln }i hw`omh ç
H|otolhli Ok|iqkh> Xyhk|n jho} h y}ho}, jhonq wnliq `ci mnjykomho}+ Domho }haikln xyi wnlio} dhuiq o}}n mnj
n} jn|otn} I}woqo|yho} Ok|iqkn}, ij jyo|n jhonq i}mh`h i jho} qhwolhjik|i ln xyi mnj h} mno}h} is|iqkh},
wnqxyi, mnj n I}wêqo|n, n Wnliq hfi ok}|hk|hkihjik|i+ Kín cè i}wiqh xyhkln hfi n !IY ]NY!+
N dh|n li xyi h jy}my`h|yqh }i li}iktn`ti wnq jion li isiqmêmon} litiqoh `ithq*kn} h mnkm`yoq xyi, }i n
ji}jn i}dnqæn dn}}i ijwqifhln ij isiqmo|hq i qimnkcimiq n Wnliq Ok|iqkn, kh|yqh`jik|i wqnlyuoqoh
qi}y`|hln} fqhklon}n}+ Wnq isijw`n5 n} cnjik} wqnmyqhj dhuiq isiqmêmon} dê}omn} whqh li}iktn`tiq h
jy}my`h|yqh+ Ik|qi|hk|n, iy |nqkio wn}}êti` jyo|h} i jyo|h} tiui} xyi jiy} wik}hjik|n} li}iktn`ti}}ij
wnliqn}n} jõ}my`n} kyj mnqwn ai`n i }ojï|qomn }ij }ixyiq wqh|omhq yj }ojw`i} isiqmêmon+ Ij |nln n
li}iktn`tojik|n, }ieh ln ok|iqkn ny ln is|iqkn, h wqojioqh whq|i ln isiqmêmon ï jik|h`+ Litijn} }haiq xyi cè
}njik|i yj Wnliq i Ikiqfoh whqh y}hqjn}, i o}|n tij lh !Wqi}ikæh li Liy} IY ]NY! ij ký}+ Wnq
mnk}ifyok|i, n isiqmêmon li tn}}h} dhmy`lhli} ok|iqkh} ï kimi}}hqohjik|i jik|h` * liknjokhlh jik|h` * jh}
iy tn} lofn xyi ï Liy} ij Hæín, wnqxyi kín wnlio} dnqjy`hq yj wik}hjik|n }ij h Ok|i`ofåkmoh i h Ikiqfoh
li Liy} whqh isimy|è*`n+ Wnq|hk|n, tn}}h h|otolhli jik|h` ï h Ikiqfoh li Liy} ij Hæín+ Hfnqh tili mnjn ï
dèmo` i wn}}êti` mnk}|qyoq yj mnqwn dê}omn dnq|i i }ojï|qomn }ij }iq wqimo}n }ixyiq `ithk|hq h jín ij
isiqmêmon} dê}omn} whqh mnk}ifyo*`n+
H jhonqoh ln} moik|o}|h}, jïlomn} i wqndi}}nqi} li ilymhæín dê}omh kifhqín i}}i dh|n, jh} iy tn} h}}ifyqn xyi
ï ykomhjik|i wnq kín |iqij li}wiq|hln ny qid`i|oln wqndyklhjik|i }naqi h ikiqfoh ny n wnliq h|yhk|i, wno}
kikcyjh i}wïmoi li h|otolhli wnli |iq `yfhq h kín }iq wi`n y}n li}}h ikiqfoh i wnliq ok|iqonq+ H`fyjh}
wi}}nh} wiqjo|ij*}i h`ojik|hq lõtolh} i |ijnqi} h qi}wio|n ln mnkcimojik|n i y|o`ouhæín li}}h} Fqhkli}
Dhmy`lhli} xyi }i hmchj wiqjhkik|ijik|i ç }yh lo}wn}oæín+ Na}iqtho xyi i}}h} Dhmy`lhli} i}|ín hwikh}
}yajiq}h}, wnq h}}oj louiq, wi`n is|iqkn, |h` mnjn h qn`ch li mnq|oæh, xyi |ikln wiqjhkimoln wqi}}onkhlh }na
h èfyh, yjh tiu wn}|h ij `oaiqlhli h}}njh ojiloh|hjik|i ç }ywiqdêmoi+
Litn louiq xyi ï qih`jik|i `hjik|èti` xyi lo}mêwy`n} }okmiqn} fh}|ij |hk|n} hkn} i}dnqæhkln*}i li xyhkln
ij xyhkln whqh na|iq N y}n li}}h} dhmy`lhli} i liwno}, wi`n h|n li kín hfoqij i`h} Ojiloh|hjik|i, qimhohj
kyj i}|hln li okh|otolhli h|ï xyi h`fyjh mno}h n} i}|ojy`i, whqh liwno} i}jnqimiqij knthjik|i+ N
qimnkcimojik|n wiq}o}|ik|i i li|iqjokhln li}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! tn} `ithqè h qi}y`|hln} ha}n`y|hjik|i
miq|n}, h kín }iq xyi hahklnkio} h |hqidh+
Tien, i}wimoh`jik|i ki}|h ïwnmh, yj kõjiqn mnk}oliqèti` li oklotêlyn} xyi, mnj yj wnymn li okmik|otn i
li}mqoæín ln y}n }ojw`i} li}}h} dhmy`lhli}, qhwolhjik|i lhqín yj }h`|n whqh h `oaiqlhli, i}wimoh`jik|i
hxyi`i} xyi qimiaij i}|h ok}|qyæín tiqah` i h Qhlohæín xyi h hmnjwhkch+
Kín ï, ik|ín, li i}whk|hq, xyi do`cn} i do`ch} li Liy} }i }yaji|hj ç} `ojo|hæùi} li |nlh nqlij, xyhkln, mnj
wiq}o}|ik|i i}dnqæn i li|iqjokhæín, wnliqohj haqoq h wnq|h i wiki|qhq ki}|h fqhkli Májhqh Ok|iqkh, mcioh li
Li}`yjaqhk|i @yu, eýoh}, nyqn i }ya}|ákmoh lh xyh` |nlh i}wïmoi li h`ojik|hæín ln Ykotiq}n wnli }iq
wqimowo|hlh> Ji}jn mnj i}|h Tiqlhli m`hqh lohk|i li`i}, |ho} mqoh|yqh} hoklh thmo`hj li}mqik|i} ij lhq n
wh}}n lidoko|otn, ijwykchq i}}i mi|qn i }iq `otqi}+
Xyiqoln}( Knthjik|i tn} lofn5 !Ik|nho h Fqhkli Ji`nloh lh Wqi}ikæh mnkxyo}|hlnqh &IY ]NY&!+ Mhk|ho*h
ij tn}}n} mnqhæùi} mnk|okyhjik|i+ ]ik|o*h mnj |nlh h tn}}h mhwhmolhli, limololn} h y}è*`h+ Hwifho*tn} h
i}}h qi}n`yæín, i n mnkcimojik|n, i n mhjokcn }i tn} haqoqín whqh tn} lhq i}}h Ji}|qoh, xyi ï h tn}}h I|iqkh
@oaiq|hæín+ ]ojw`i}jik|i `ijaqho*tn} xyi eè h|qhti}}h}|i} n tïy+
]ieh xyh` dnq h Ji}|qoh xyi n oklotêlyn |ikch hlxyoqoln }naqi }o ji}jn, }iy} h}}yk|n} ny }iy jykln, i}}h
Ji}|qoh ï i liti }iq }ijwqi yj qimok|n }hfqhln, yj }hk|yèqon ok|iqonq kn xyh` kikcyj, oklotêlyn oklhfhlnq
wn}}h wiki|qhq+ Kokfyïj wnli mnk}ifyoq h Ji}|qoh }i wqi|ikli hwikh} ojo|hq ny|qij+ Wqnmyqhq, hmchq i hw`omhq
h @io ln }iy wqýwqon ]iq ï h qn|h }ifyqh whqh h Ji}|qoh i }njik|i xyhkln n oklotêlyn |otiq qih`ouhln o}|n ï xyi
wnliqè qih`jik|i mnjwqiikliq n xyi ï h Tiqlhlioqh Ji}|qoh+ ]ý cè yjh Ji}|qoh h }iq wqnmyqhlh, i i}|h
wqnmyqh liti }iq dio|h }naqi n }iq is|iqonq lh wqýwqoh wi}}nh xyi H ay}mh+
Wnli*}i hklhq lyqhk|i hkn} hn `hln li yj Ji}|qi }ij wiqmiaå*`n, h|ï xyi ]yh} wqýwqoh} Dhmy`lhli} Ok|iqonqi}
qiti`ij n dh|n+ Wnli* }i totiq lyqhk|i hkn} kh ji}jh mh}h mnj yj Ji}|qi i ofknqè*`n, h|ï xyi }yqeh h`fyjh
mqo}i h }iq |qh|hlh, i n ]iy Tiqlhlioqn Wnliq }ieh qiti`hln+
Whqh yj Ji}|qi, liah|iq ny iswnq ]yh} wqýwqoh} qih`ouhæùi} li Ji}|qoh }iqoh lo}}owhq ]yh} dnqæh}, i o}}n kín
liti }iq dio|n ehjho}+

18
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]i yj lo}mêwy`n dnq ah}|hk|i hdnq|ykhln ij li}dqy|hq li yjh ai`h iswiqoåkmoh i }i wy}iq liwno} h mnjik|è*`h
mnj |iqmioqn}, fiqh`jik|i chtiqè |hk|h lõtolh kh jik|i ln} nytok|i} `hkæhlh }naqi i`i xyi `nfn mnjiæhqè h
lytolhq li }o ji}jn+ Ï tiqlhlioqhjik|i i}|qhkcn n wnliq mnktokmik|i xyi wnlij |iq n} hqfyjik|n} li yjh
ny|qh wi}}nh+ ]i yj lo}mêwy`n i}my|h n} hqfyjik|n} li xyij xyiq xyi }ieh, wnq xyi kín dhuiq hn jikn} n
ji}jn mnj n }iy Liy} oklotolyh` i nytoq n qi}wio|n li ]iy Wnliq i Aij, iswqi}}n} wi`h Iswiqoåkmoh
Ok|iqonq>
Li}li n jnjik|n ij xyi mnjiæh h ik|qhq h lõtolh, jho} lõtolh }i wqimowo|h+ N ji}jn nmnqqi mnj n !IY
]NY!+ Xyhk|n jho} h|ikæín hw`omho} }naqi I`i, jho} I`i }i wqimowo|h+ Nkli h h|ikæín mnk}moik|i }i doshq, `è
wqimowo|hq*}i*è ikiqfoh+ Xyiqoln}( Xyhkln li}ieho} h qiti`hæín li h`fyjh mno}h ny xyhkln li}ieho} }iq
ok}woqhln} li h`fyjh dnqjh, louikln !IY ]NY!, `hkæho} ij jntojik|n i}|i Wnliq xyi |ij okiqik|i, lik|qn
li ]o, |nlh} i}}h} dhmy`lhli}+ I`i ikmiqqh |nlh h }ya}|ákmoh i liti |njhq h dnqjh }naqi h xyh` i}|ieh doshlh h
h|ikæín lh jik|i+
N !IY ]NY! ï h Jik|i Ok}nklèti` li Liy}+ Kn i}dnqæn wnq mnk}ifyoq mnjwqiikliq, n i}|ylhk|i mnjyj i}|è
hwikh} mnk|h|hkln h jijýqoh ln wh}}hln, hn oktï} li ik|qhq kn Mnqhæín li Liy} i is|qhoq hxyo`n xyi hoklh
kín dno qiti`hln+
N} lo}mêwy`n} jyo|h} tiui} kín mnjwqiiklij xyi |åj chtoln jyo|h} moto`ouhæùi} li ojik}h} qih`ouhæùi} xyi
}ín |n|h`jik|i li}mnkcimolh} cnei ij loh+ H H|`ák|olh, h @ijõqoh, ny h \iqqh li Jy }ín hwikh} dqhfjik|n}
lh} fqhkli} moto`ouhæùi} xyi eè iso}|oqhj+
Whqh idi|yhq mno}h} dnqh ln mnjyj, n} lo}mêwy`n} xyi li}iehj mnk}ifyo*`h} litij |njhq h doqji
li|iqjokhæín5 !IY]NY n Mnqhæín li Liy}, i iy hfnqh mqon olïoh} i qih`ouhæùi} xyi kykmh hk|i} dnqhj
wqnlyuolh}!+
Mnk}oliqho }njik|i5 !IY ]NY hxyo`n xyi li}ien mqohq!+ H !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ï n Mnqhæín li Liy}+ Ik|qho}
ojiloh|hjik|i kn !Fqhkli ]o`åkmon! kn jnjik|n ij xyi louio} !IY ]NY!+ ]i qimnkcimio} xyi }no} n !IY
]NY!, ik|ín hxyo`n xyi lim`hqho} }i jhkodi}|h khxyi`i jnjik|n+ Mqiq ï |iq dï ij xyi yjh mno}h ï tiqlhli+
Cè yjh ik|qn}hfij ik|qi mqikæh i dï+ Kn mnjiæn, yjh mno}h ï mqikæh jh}, }i jhk|olh, i`h }i |qhk}dnqjh ij
dï+ ]i kín hmqilo|ho} xyi yjh mno}h ï tiqlhli, kín wnlio} |qhuå*`h ç jhkodi}|hæín+ ]i kín hmqilo|ho} ij !IY
]NY |h` mno}h!, mnjn wnli i`h jhkodi}|hq*}i>
N ti`cn lo|hln5 !Kín cè khlh anj ny jhy, n wik}hjik|n ï xyi |nqkh h} mno}h} anh} ny jè}! ï yjh tiqlhli
ha}n`y|h+
]haikln xyi h Ikiqfoh li Liy} wiki|qh kn oklotêlyn ha}n`y|hjik|i Wyqh i Wiqdio|h, litio} ik|ín
mnjwqiikliq xyi ï n wqýwqon oklotêlyn xyij jnlodomh i}}h ikiqfoh, ojwqojokln*`ci }yh ojwyqiuh+ I}}h Wyqh
Ikiqfoh li Liy} wiki|qh mnk|okyhjik|i kn cnjij, mnj h} ah|olh} li }iy mnqhæín, i i`i h qixyh`odîmh
wqnei|hkln* h kh h|jn}diqh+
I}|i ï }iy wqoto`ïfon mnjn Mqohlnq, ç Ojhfij i ]iji`chkæh ln Who+
\nln} i}|ín xyh`odomhkln mnk}|hk|ijik|i i}|h ikiqfoh xyi enqqh }ij mi}}hq+ Mhlh xyh` i}|è mnk|okyhjik|i
|qhk}jo|okln h i`h }yh mnq, h|qhtï} li }yh wqýwqoh mnk}moåkmoh+
\nlh h|otolhli ln is|iqonq xyi xyh`odomh, `ith mnk}ofn h okiqik|i dhmy`lhli ln }nj i lh mnq+ Kikcyjh
h|otolhli, }ieh li xyi i}wïmoi dnq, wnli |iq `yfhq xyi kín wn}}yh lik|qn li }o }nj i mnq xyi `ci }ín okiqik|i}+
H Wiqdioæín li Liy} kín |ij, wnq kh|yqiuh, kikcyjh li}mn`nqhæín ok|iqkhjik|i+ Ï kn ok|iqonq lh dhmy`lhli
is|iqkh, xyi lè xyh`olhli ç} mno}h}, xyi |ij `yfhq h li}mn`nqhæín+ \nln lo}mêwy`n liti h}}yjoq h
qi}wnk}hao`olhli li }yh wqýwqoh h|otolhli, hn xyh`odomhq h ikiqfoh xyi ijo|i+
H jik|i kín wnli h|yhq }naqi mno}h h`fyjh xyi kín wn}}yh ij }o ji}jh Ok|i`ofåkmoh okiqik|i+ ]ieh n xyi dnq
xyi douiqli}, kín `itio} ij mnk}oliqhæín n i`ijik|n |ijwn, kn }ik|oln cyjhkn, jh} okomoho tn}}h} naqh} mnj
h`ifqoh i wiq}itiqho h|ï xyi i`h} }i jhkodi}|ij+ ]i tn} hwnohqli} doqjijik|i kh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy}
ij Hæín, ik|qhqio} kh w`iko|yli i wiqdioæín li |yln, ç tn}}h lo}wn}oæín whqh y}n ojiloh|n+ \nlh mnkxyo}|h
wiqjhkik|i liti |iq `yfhq jilohk|i n i}dnqæn hy|nmnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn+
W+ * Xyi ï jèfnh>
Q+ * Ï }ojw`i}jik|i h mnkmnqlákmoh mnj h ojwiqdioæín+ Ehjho} tn} liosio} okthloq wi`h jèfnh cyjhkh+
Myolho whqh xyi i`h kín tn} hqqh}|i wi`h hqioh jntiloæh hlik|qn, xyhkln wnlio} y}hq h}h} whqh tn} i`ithqli}
hmojh li |yln xyi ï li}|qy|otn+ Kín ey`fyio}, jh} mnk|okyho h wiki|qhq h`ifqijik|i kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i
|nlh} h} mno}h} }i jhkodi}|hqín Wiqdio|hjik|i+
Whqh xyh`xyiq mnkloæín lidomoik|i, i}wimoh`jik|i ti`comi, y}ho5 !IY ]NY h Wiqdioæín li}}i oklotêlyn!+
H}}oj |iqio} wn}|n Liy} ij Hæín lik|qn li`i+
]ieh n xyi dnq xyi lo}}iqij kn jykln is|iqonq, kín tn} liosio} hdi|hq, wno} i}|ho} tn} ikmhjokchkln whqh i}}h
Wiqdioæín i litio} jhkodi}|è*`h mnk}moik|ijik|i+
]i kín |otiqli} myolhln, wnlio}, kyj jnjik|n, lioshq ik|qhq yjh iswqi}}ín xyi wnliqè }ifyoq*tn} lyqhk|i
hkn}, }ikín h }ywqojoqli}+ Xyhkln y}ho} mnk}moik|ijik|i h Fqhkli @io, }haio xyi n h|otn Wnliq ln
Wik}hjik|n li Liy} mnkcimi wiqdio|hjik|i }iy qyjn, tho i h|yh mnj Wiqdioæín+ Mnk}moik|ijik|i, ikmhqqifho

11
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
h !Ok|i`ofåkmoh IY ]NY! li y}hq |yln n xyi dnq kimi}}èqon+ Louio5 !Ok|i`ofåkmoh &IY ]NY&, xyh`odomh o}|n mnj
|yln xyi dnq kimi}}èqon!+
Iy |oti yj lo}mêwy`n xyi li |h` dnqjh xyh`odomny n Moqmy`n I`i|qükomn hn }iy qilnq mnj n wnliq li myqhq, xyi
iqh mchjhln !]njaqh Myqh|oth!+ Kín iqh itolik|ijik|i h }njaqh xyi myqhth, jh} kn jnjik|n ij xyi h}
wi}}nh} mnk|h|hthj }iy Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn, iqhj myqhlh} ok}|hk|hkihjik|i+
W+ * Mnjwqiiklikln Liy} mnjn Hjnq, wnq xyi dno xyi Liy} ]i oklotolyh`ouny>
Q+ * Whqh |iq h`fn xyi hjhq+
W+ * Wnq xyi dnqhj lotololn} n} Qhon}>
Q+ * H doj li iswqi}}hq Hjnq+
Hjnq ï n Wqokmowon H|otn li Liy}+ Xyhkln hjho}, iktn`tio} n naei|n li tn}}n hjnq mnj i}|i !Jhk|n li
Liy}!, ki}|h Qhlohk|i Wqi}ikæh+ Ehjho} mqo|oxyio}+
Wqnmyqho }ijwqi iswqi}}hq mnjwqiik}ín |nlh} h} tiui} xyi whqiæh chtiq yjh iqqükih h|otolhli }isyh`, i
iqfyio h mnk}moåkmoh ln oklotêlyn dnmh`ouhkln h h|ikæín kyj olih` i`ithln li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi, h doj li
mnk|qn`hq n wik}hjik|n, li jnln xyi h h|otolhli }isyh` wn}}h }iq }yaji|olh hn mnk|qn`i mnk}moik|i ln
oklotêlyn, jilohk|i n ijwqifn li }yh wqýwqoh tnk|hli+
N y}n mnqqi|n i wyqn ln }isn ï whqh h iswhk}ín i iswqi}}ín ln Hjnq kh wqnmqohæín li yjh dnqjh, li jnln
xyi h h`jh xyi i}|è wnq toq wn}}h |iq yj mhqè|iq i |ijwiqhjik|n chqjnkon}n} i hjnqn}n}+ N wik}hjik|n i n
}ik|ojik|n ln} who} }ín h h|otolhli xyi okd`yikmoh i jn`lh+ H kh|yqiuh ln Wqokmêwon li Tolh ln oklotêlyn ï
whqh hjhq+

1=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Dhæh*}i h @yu
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Wnliqn}n Ti`hlnq ]o`ikmon}n( \y, xyi |ik} lohk|i li \o n Mqo}|h` Mý}jomn, ijo|i
\iy} Qhon}, doshkln*n} kn} mnqhæùi} ln} Do`cn} li Liy}+ Ik}okh*`ci} nailoåkmoh ç} Fqhkli} @io} Mý}jomh}+
Ik}okh*`ci} nailoåkmoh ç @yu+ Ikmci }iy} mnqhæùi} i jik|i} mnj \yh Whu, mnj \iy ]o`åkmon, mnj \iy
Ixyo`êaqon+ Xyi h H`ifqoh li \iy Mnqhæín ikmch n} mnqhæùi} li mhlh yj h|ï |qhk}anqlhq, mnj \yh ]ya}|ákmoh
i \yh Wyqh Dnqæh I`i|qükomh xyi |qhu Mnk}ofn \yh} Okmnjik}yqètio}, Okdoko|h} Aåkæín}+
Xyi mhlh yj wnq }yh tiu }ok|h \iy Myolhln Tofo`hk|i i Nkowqi}ik|i, \iy Hjnq ]y}|ik|hlnq, \yh ]hailnqoh i
Wnliq+
LO]MYQ]N
Xyhkln whq|oy h nqlij5 !Dhæh*}i h @yu!( * h nailoåkmoh dno h wqojioqh h|otolhli2 mnk}ixyik|ijik|i, @yu
O`ojo|hlh dno dio|h+ N ji}jn nmnqqi mnj |nlh h|otolhli is|iqkh ln Õkomn Wqokmêwon H|otn, Liy}+ H wqojioqh
h|otolhli ln is|iqkn litiqoh mnk}o}|oq ij wqi}|hq wiqdio|h nailoåkmoh h i}}h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq+ Li}}h dnqjh i`i
}i |nqkh hw|n h qimiaiq chqjnkon}hjik|i h Wyqh I}}åkmoh okh`|iqhlh2 i h}}oj litiqoh }iq whqh mnj n} hjofn},
whqik|i}, h}}nmohln} i mnj xyh`xyiq ny|qh wi}}nh, li xyh`xyiq mnkloæín ny olhli+
Litiqoh chtiq }ijwqi i}|h jhqhto`cn}h fqhæh li Hjnq, @yu i nailoåkmoh+ Hmh`jho mnj dqixðåkmoh h
iswqi}}ín is|iqkh, wnqxyi i`h wqimo}h ï li nailoåkmoh ç Fqhkli @yu Ok|iqkh+ Xyhkln }yqfi n ojwy`}n whqh
lo}my|oq, mqo|omhq ny iswiqojik|hq yjh qi}o}|åkmoh, ï }okh` li xyi n is|iqkn i}|è }i ok|qnji|ikln whqh mchjhq
h|ikæín }naqi }o+ Ï h cnqh, ik|ín, wi`n wnliq li tn}}n `otqi*hqaê|qon, li jhklhq n is|iqkn }o`ikmohq i nailimiq
ç !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&!+
Ï okõ|o` lo}my|oq+ ]o`ikmoho n is|iqonq2 ik|ín, mnj hjnqn}h nailoåkmoh, lho h Ok}|qyæín+ Li}}h jhkioqh I`h wnli
jhkodi}|hq*}i }ij ojwilojik|n+
Xyhkln n} lo}mêwy`n} |otiqij wiki|qhln kh }iklh mnk}moik|i, n jho} `iti oklêmon li lo}|õqaon ny qi}o}|åkmoh
li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi litiqoh }iq }ifyoln ok}|hk|hkihjik|i ln }o`ikmohq li |nlh h h|otolhli is|iqkh, i lh
lim`hqhæín5 !IY ]NY h h|otolhli nailoik|i i ok|i`ofik|i li}|h jik|i i li}|i mnqwn, IY ]NY n Wnliq xyi
fntiqkh i nqlikh |yln chqjnkon}hjik|i!+
Kín ojwnq|h ij xyi w`hkn ny ij xyi i}diqh li h|otolhli n do`cn ny do`ch li Liy} h|yi5 h nailoåkmoh ç} }yh}
@io} ny ç} @io} Lotokh} lh i}diqh ij xyi i}|otiq hfokln n oklotêlyn ï }ijwqi mnkloæín i}}ikmoh` whqh n }iy
doqji i mnk|êkyn wqnfqi}}n+
Kyj dy|yqn wqýsojn, ishjokhqijn} n} i`ijik|n} mnjwnkik|i} lh h|otolhli is|iqkh xyi jhonq wiq|yqahæín
mhy}hj, i n idio|n lh }yh h|otolhli }naqi n mnqwn+ Kín li}ien, ik|qi|hk|n, dhuå*`n h|ï xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} }iehj
ah}|hk|i dnq|i} whqh nytoq h Tiqlhli }naqi i}}h h|otolhli, }ij h jiknq }ik}hæín li qi}o}|åkmoh ny }ik|ojik|n
li my`wh, wnqxyi li}wiq|hq lik|qn ln oklotêlyn h|otolhli li yjh ny li ny|qh kh|yqiuh }iqoh iqqn li Jokch
Whq|i+
Dh`io, cè h`fyj |ijwn, lh kimi}}olhli xyi n i}|ylhk|i |ij li wüq*}i ij fyhqlh i tofohq whqh xyi, kyj
jnjik|n li li}myoln, kín }i ikmnk|qi okmnk}moik|ijik|i ik|qi|ikln h`fyj }ik|ojik|n li nwn}oæín, mqê|omh
ny xyh`xyiq h|otolhli xyi tiqodoxyi i}|hqij hfokln+
\nln lo}mêwy`n litiqoh ijwqifhq mnj doqjiuh i wqhuiq, jyo|h} tiui} hn loh #wno} o}}n }ý qixyiq yj joky|n/, h
hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h Fyhqlh oktikmêti` i}|hai`imolh i }y}|ik|hlh }naqi jokch jik|i, jiy mnqwn, jiy `hq,
jiy jykln i jiy} kifýmon}!+ Jhk|ikli*tn} mnk}moik|i} li xyi i}|h Fyhqlh, }ikln h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
wn}}yo kh|yqh`jik|i Ok|i`ofåkmoh Okdoko|h+ O}}n i}|hai`imiqè yjh Fyhqlh ok|i`ofik|i ij |nqkn li tý} xyi kín
wqimo}h }iq qiwi|olh mnk}|hk|ijik|i+
Yjh tiu jho} mcifhjn} hn wnk|n ij xyi, }ijwqi xyi y}hjn} h iswqi}}ín !IY! ny !IY ]NY!, }haijn} xyi
I`h ï n w`ikn Wnliq ln Hjnq, ]hailnqoh i Ok|i`ofåkmoh ij hæín+ Y}ho mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !IY ]NY h w`ikh
@oaiq|hæín ln Hjnq Lotokn ij hæín!+
Hfnqh, mnjn h|otolhli wqiwhqh|ýqoh li mhlh loh, li}ien }yfiqoq xyi n} lo}mêwy`n}, mnj h`ifqoh i wiq}itiqhkæh,
#}haikln xyi n Wnliq lh lim`hqhæín ï Hy|n*}y}|ik|hln/ lim`hqij }o`ikmon}hjik|i5 !IY ]NY w Hjnq, h
]hailnqoh i n Wnliq mnj }yh Ok|i`ofåkmoh H|oth xyi h|yh ki}|i loh ij mhlh mno}h ij xyi iy wik}i ny dhæh+ Iy
nqlikn h i}|h H|otolhli Okdoko|h xyi }ieh h jokch wqn|iæín i xyi h|yi ij |nln} n} jnjik|n} dhuikln mnj xyi
iy ji jnth, dh`i i wqnmilh lik|qn lh Nqlij Lotokh!+ Ik|ín, lyqhk|i n loh, |nlh} h} tiui} xyi tn}
`ijaqhqli}, h}}yjo h doqji mnk}moåkmoh li xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi fntiqkh, xyi ji wqimili wnq |nlh
whq|i nkli tny lyqhk|i n loh nqlikhkln wiqdio|h Whu i Chqjnkoh ij |nlh} h} jokch} h|otolhli}!+
Li}}h jhkioqh, mnk}iqthqio} haiq|h h wnq|h whqh n liqqhjhjik|n +mnk|êkyn li}}h Ok|i`ofik|i Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq,
xyi |qhk}dnqjhqè n tn}}n okykln i tn} `otqhqè li mnk|h|hq xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi li li}hqjnkoh, wiqjo|okln*tn}
qimiaiq i}}h mnk}|hk|i d`yåkmoh li whu Ok|iqonq i Chqjnkoh lyqhk|i |nln mnk|h|n is|iqonq+
Kín ojwnq|h xyh` }ieh h jhkodi}|hæín, lik|qn ln mnqwn ny dnqh li`i5 n i}|ylhk|i liti |njhq h h|o|yli doqji li
xyi n }iy mnqwn ï n !\ijw`n ln H`|ê}}ojn Liy}!+ O}}n ï yjh tiqlhli oklo}my|êti`, i i}|h h|o|yli, jhk|olh

1<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
mnk}moik|ijik|i, `ithqè jho} liwqi}}h n mnqwn ç [h|otolhli wiqdio|h xyi `ci dno li}|okhlh li}li n mnjiæn+
Lofn hn} lo}mêwy`n} mnj |nlh h }okmiqolhli5 kín cè yj jion wn}}êti` li }i na|iq yjh xyh`olhli ny yj
wqilomhln xyi }i li}iei, }ij qim`hjè*`n+ N is|iqkn hmn}|yjny*}i h mqiq kh ojwiqdioæín ln }iq cyjhkn i,
wnq|hk|n, kín wnli jhkodi}|hq wiqdioæín }na |ho} mnkloæùi}+
Dqixðik|ijik|i n wik}hjik|n ln lo}mêwy`n ï n }ifyok|i5 !Nqh, cè jyo|n |ijwn tikcn jhk|ikln i}|h olïoh
xyi, ik|qi|hk|n, kín }i jhkodi}|h, kín lè qi}y`|hln!+ O}}n ï h wqnth wn}o|oth li xyi ij h`fyj `yfhq lh
mnk}moåkmoh ln oklotêlyn chtoh yjh lõtolh nmy`|h, wn}}oti`jik|i ofknqhlh wnq i`i+
Lim`hqn*tn} xyi, }ieh xyh` dnq h hwhqåkmoh is|iqonq, }i wqn}}ifyoqli} mnj li|iqjokhæín doqji wilokln h
xyh`olhli, h mnkloæín ny h} mno}h} xyi li}iehqli}, i }i mnk|okyhqli} }ij thmo`hæín h }n`omo|è*`h} mnj n
ji}jn ijwikcn, |ho} }n`omo|hæùi} ikmnk|qhqín iswqi}}ín kn tn}}n y}n, oklyao|hti`jik|i+ Kykmh }iqè lijho}
ok}o}|oq kh kimi}}olhli li tn} jhk|iqli} }ijwqi ij fyhqlh h i}}i qi}wio|n, wnqxyi n is|iqkn, xyhkln |otiqli}
|ik|hln na|iq yjh mno}h lyqhk|i h`fyjh} cnqh}, loh} ny ji}i}, i i`h whqiæh kín |iq }yqfoln, mnjiæh
ojiloh|hjik|i h louiq5 !Kín hlohk|h, }i |oti}}i li wqnlyuoq qi}y`|hln eè n |iqoh dio|n, ki}}i i}whæn li |ijwn!+
N dqhmh}}n }iqè ha}n`y|hjik|i ojwn}}êti` xyhkln |otiqli} wn}|n ij hæín n Wnliq ln !IY ]NY! * Liy} ij
tý} “ whqh isimy|hq yj li|iqjokhln wqnwý}o|n, }i n }y}|ik|hqli} mnj li|iqjokhæín okhah`èti`+ To, jyo|h}
tiui}, lo}mêwy`n} }i hwqnsojhkln li hljoqètio} qih`ouhæùi}, li jhqhto`cn}h To|ýqoh i @oaiqlhli, i xyhkln
i}}h h|o|yli is|iqkh li !hoklh kín |iq qih`ouhln! ik|qhth wqimowo|hlhjik|i, h|qhêh* `ci} h h|ikæín li |h` dnqjh
xyi ny `ci} qi|hqlhth fqhklijik|i n wqnfqi}}n ny `ci} dimchth h wnq|h wnq |ijwn okli|iqjokhln+
N} lo}mêwy`n} litiqohj naqofhq*}i h |iq }ijwqi kh jik|i i}|h Tiqlhli5 xyhkln n Wnliq lh Wqi}ikæh !IY
]NY! wùi*}i ij jntojik|n, kín wnli dh`chq ij ]yh Qih`ouhæín, lh ji}jh jhkioqh xyi n Ykotiq}n kín
wnli mi}}hq }yh h|otolhli+ Dh`chq i}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ij ]yh Qih`ouhæín, ï mnjn }i n
Ykotiq}n dn}}i ok}|hk|hkihjik|i hqqiji}}hln kn mhn}+ \h` ï h Miq|iuh i n Wnliq lh qih`ouhæín ln !IY ]NY!+
]ojw`i}jik|i kín wnli dh`chq, h kín }iq xyi n is|iqkn }i ok|qnlyuh na}|qyokln n mhjokcn+
\nln lo}mêwy`n litiqoh hmhy|i`hq*}i mnj fqhkli tofo`ákmoh whqh kín ijwqifhq n !IY ]NY! ij iswqi}}ín
kifh|oth, wnqxyi xyhkln louio}5 !IY I]\NY lnik|i, IY dqhmh}}io, IY kín i}|ny qih`ouhkln o}|n mnjn
litiqoh!, i}|ho} `hkæhkln i}|h wnliqn}h ikiqfoh ij hæín whqh li}|qyoq h mno}h xyi li}ieho} isimy|hq+ O}|n
}ijwqi hmnk|imi |nlh} h} tiui} xyi y}ho} h wh`htqh !IY!, wnqxyi }ofkodomh h `oaiq|hæín ln Wnliq Ykotiq}h`+
]haikln xyi n !IY ]NY! }no} tý}, xyhkln louio}5 !Jokch mhaiæh lýo, jiy i}|üjhfn kín i}|è aij!, i|m+,
i}|ho} hqqiji}}hkln h ikiqfoh khxyi`i} ýqfín} whqh hfoq li mnkdnqjolhli mnj n xyi i}|ho} nqlikhkln2
wnqxyi, xyhkln louio} !JIY!, h ikiqfoh h|yhk|i ï h ji}jh, wno} xyi }ý yjh wi}}nh wnli louiq !IY!, ny
!JIY!, i i}}h wi}}nh }no} tý}, limqi|hkln whqh n tn}}n wqýwqon jykln+
Xyh`xyiq iswqi}}ín xyi }ý wn}}h }iq ijwqifhlh wnq tý} ji}jn}, okm`yo h ikiqfoh i h h|otolhli lh !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!+ H h|o|yli mnqqi|h h |njhq xyhkln yj ýqfín whqimi i}|hq qiai`li ï lim`hqhq ojiloh|hjik|i i jhk|iq
mnj doqjiuh xyi5 !IY ]NY h õkomh i Wiqdio|h Ikiqfoh hfokln ki}|i `yfhq!+ Wnq|hk|n, xyh`xyiq hwhqåkmoh li
wiq|yqahæín ï ok}|hk|hkihjik|i mnqqofolh+ I}|i ï n wnk|n ojwnq|hk|i xyi }i liti dqo}hq hn lo}mêwy`n+ ]i, wnq
dnqæh ln cèao|n, wik}ho} xyi miq|n} hfik|i} jilomokho} wqnlyuij idio|n, y}ho*n} mnj whqmojükoh, h|ï xyi
|ikcho} mnk}ifyoln Ji}|qoh }ydomoik|i whqh fntiqkhq ok|ioqhjik|i wi`h tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&!+
H}}ifyqn*tn} xyi, ijanqh wik}io} xyi |h` hfik|i jilomhjik|n}n tn} |ikch |qhuoln heylh, ï hoklh h ji}jh
!Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&!, xyi |iqè lhln çxyi`i hfik|i jilomokh` n wnliq li tn} h`otohq+ Wnq isijw`n, |ikcn
na}iqthln n jykln jïlomn lyqhk|i jyo|n} }ïmy`n}, i xyhkln yj oklotêlyn li hy|nqolhli, wnq h}}oj louiq,
lim`hqh xyi yj miq|n qijïlon kín ï jho} oklomhln wnymn |ijwn lijnqh whqh xyi n |h` qijïlon li}hwhqiæh
wnq mnjw`i|n+
H olïoh lnjokhk|i ij |nln} n} oklotêlyn} xyi qhmonmokhj ï xyi miq|h} iqth} ny hfik|i} jilomhjik|n}n} |åj
yjh miq|h hæín xyêjomh kh|yqh` ij mnqqi}wnklåkmoh mnj n i`ijik|n kn ok|iqonq ln mnqwn+ Wiqfyk|h*tn}5 xyi ï
xyi lè ny wqnlyu h hdokolhli xyêjomh> N Wnliq ln tn}}h !IY ]NY! xyi tn} wiqjo|i wik}hq+ H}}oj, xyhkln
mcifho} h wiqmnqqiq h i}diqh li hæín, li}mnaqoqio} xyi cè ykomhjik|i yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wqi}ikæh ij
h|otolhli, xyi ï n !IY ]NY! “ Liy} ij tý}+
Ik|ín, wnq xyi kín ikmhqhq i}|h Tiqlhli cnki}|hjik|i li dqik|i> ]ij thmo`hq, h}}yjo tn}}h h|o|yli h qi}wio|n
lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!& * Liy} ij Hæín ij tý}, i }haio5 I`i ï h õkomh Tolh ij tý} i ij |nlh} h} mno}h} ny
qijïlon}, wnqxyi h i}|i} }njik|i tý} mnkdiqo} wnliq+
Kín ï jyo|n ji`cnq loqofoq*}i loqi|hjik|i h i}|h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i qimiaiq ]yh |nlh*wnliqn}h i
oki}fn|èti` H}}o}|åkmoh xyi kín wnli dh`chq, ln xyi ay}mhq hysê`on li h`fn kn is|iqkn, h xyi h|qoayê}|i} n
wnliq li h`otohq h mnkloæín xyi tý} ji}jn} limqi|h}|i}>
]io xyi kín ï dèmo` hn} lo}mêwy`n} hahklnkhq cèao|n} jyo|n hk|ofn} ny h liwiklåkmoh li miq|n} hfik|i}
jilomhjik|n}n}, jh} yj wnymn li qhmonmêkon i jilo|hæín }naqi i}}i dh|n }ojw`i}jik|i mnjwi`oqín h qhuín
is|iqkh h hahklnkhq h liwiklåkmoh li}}h} mno}h} is|iqkh} i }yaji|iq*}i mnjw`i|hjik|i ç !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh
&IY ]NY&!+

19
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Itolik|ijik|i kín cè ny|qn jnln li oklyuoq n lo}mêwy`n h o}}n, h jho} to|h` lh} xyi}|ùi}, h kín }iq xyi i`i
hw`oxyi h ]hailnqoh i n Mnkcimojik|n mnj okhah`èti` li|iqjokhæín, h|ï xyi wqnti, wnq }o ji}jn, h Tiqlhli
h|oth li}}h} mno}h} }ojw`i}+ Kín iso}|i kokfyïj ij mnkloæùi} li louiq h|ï xyi wnk|n n lo}mêwy`n ï mhwhu li
mnk}hfqhq* }i h o}}n, wno} }njik|i i`i }nuokcn, iswiqojik|hkln, wnli }haiq+ Jyo|h} tiui} h ikiqfoh ok|iqonq
hmyjy`hlh ï |h`, xyi i`i domh }yqwqi}n mnj n} qi}y`|hln} xyhkln mnjiæh h hw`omè*`h+
H iswqi}}ín nqoik|h` whqh !IY ]NY! ï !NJ!+ ]ofkodomh h ji}jh mno}h xyi n !IY ]NY! i}|è mnjiæhkln h
}ofkodomhq whqh n Jykln Nmolik|h`+ Iy, wnq joj, hwqimon jyo|n n y}n ln !IY ]NY!, wnqxyi ]yh iswqi}}ín,
ij }o, oklomh !Liy} ij Hæín kn oklotêlyn!+ !NJ!, kn ik|iklojik|n ln} nqoik|ho}, ï yjh Wqi}ikæh Ykotiq}h`,
i kín |ín hlixyhlh, mnjn n y}n ln !IY ]NY!, whqh lhq hn i}|ylhk|i h mnk}moåkmoh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!
hfokln kn oklotêlyn+ I}}i dh|n isw`omh hjw`hjik|i h qhuín lh} mnkloæùi} lh êkloh, kn wqi}ik|i+ Mik|ikh} li
jo`chqi} li wi}}nh}, kh êkloh, litoln ç mnkdy}ín lh} jyo|h} mh}|h}, mhêqhj kn iqqn li xyi h ik|nhæín li !NJ!
iqh |yln li xyi wqimo}hthj ij }yh} tolh}+ Ijanqh o}|n |qhfh yjh miq|h h|otolhli ij mik|ikh} li jo`chqi} li
mh}h}, kín |qhu h ikiqfoh li}|h h|otolhli lik|qn lh hæín oklotolyh`, i h}}oj mhy}h wnymn aikidêmon+
N jï|nln ijwqifhln wå`n} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln} ij |nlh} h} ïwnmh}, li}li |ijwn} ojijnqoho}, |ij }oln n
y}n mnk}moik|i lh !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&!, n qimnkcimojik|n i h hmio|hæín |n|h` li Liy} ij Hæín kn oklotêlyn,
n xyi mhlh tiu jho} dhu hfoq ki`i h W`ikh H|otolhli Ok|i`ofik|i lh Wqi}ikæh li Liy} * H Lotoklhli ]ywqijh+
Ik|qi n} nqoik|ho} xyi h|okfoqhj fqhkli} qih`ouhæùi}, jyo|n} li`i} |otiqhj mnk}moåkmoh li}|h H|otolhli
Tiqlhlioqh wnq jion lh jilo|hæín }okmiqh+ \h`tiu h jho} }ojw`i}, h jho} wnliqn}h i õkomh mno}h xyi yj
oklotêlyn wn}}h }i `ijaqhq ï xyi, hn louiq !IY ]NY!, i`i i}|è, mnk}moik|i ny okmnk}moik|ijik|i, wnkln ij
hæín lik|qn li }o ji}jn h W`ikh i okh`|iqhlh Ikiqfoh li Liy}+
H ikiqfoh |nqkh*}i wnliq wi`n y}n mnk}moik|i+ N dh|n li n} oklotêlyn} }i hmchqij ij ikmhqkhæùi} cyjhkh} ï
h li|iqjokhæín whqh xyi mhlh yj i`iti n }iy jykln lik|qn lh H|otolhli Wiqdio|h+ Xyhkln h mnk}moåkmoh li
yjh wi}}nh }i i`ith, |yln ij }iy jykln ï i`ithln kh h|otolhli ok|iqkh+
!Nj Jhko Whlji Cyj! qih`jik|i }ofkodomh Liy} ij Hæín kn oklotêlyn+ Y}ho }ijwqi n !IY ]NY! ij tiu
li !NJ!, wnqxyi jyo|n} li tý} i}|oti}|i} ikmhqkhln} ij mnqwn} cokly}+ Ij h`fyj |ijwn
mnkcimi}|i} i}}i y}n i, whqh ito|hq xyi i`i li}wiq|i yjh dnqjh li y}n okdiqonq, ijwqifho hfnqh n !IY ]NY!
whqh mnklyuoq*tn} ç w`ikh h`|yqh+
\nlh} h} tiui} xyi louio} !IY ]NY!, wnkli} ij jntojik|n h Wyqh Ikiqfoh li Liy}, kín mn`nqolh wå`n}
mnkmio|n} cyjhkn}+ Ï i}|i n õkomn jion li mnk}iqthq h Wyqh Ikiqfoh li Liy} okmnk|hjokhlh wi`h xyh`odomhæín
cyjhkh+ Qi}y`|hln} dnqjolètio} wnlij }iq na|oln} ij wnymn |ijwn mnj n y}n li`oaiqhln li}|h} hdoqjhæùi}5
!IY ]NY i}|h Ok}woqhæín Wyqh!+
!IY ]NY i}|h &@yu& Wyqh ij hæín ish|hjik|i hxyo!+ #To}yh`ouho o}|n h|qhtï} ln mnqwn hfnqh/+
!IY ]NY i}|h Qiti`hæín Wyqh li |yln n xyi li}ien }haiq!+
\njho h} qïlih} ln wnliq lik|qn li tý}, whqh }ijwqi+
H} wi}}nh} |ijij haqhæhq n Fqhkli Wnliq li Liy} i liosè*`n nwiqhq+ Xyi cè whqh qimihq ij Liy}> ]iy jnln
li hfoq ï Wyqn i }i kín tn} i}dnqæho} wnq haqhæhq n Fqhkli i Wyqn Wnliq li Liy}, mnjn wnlio} i}wiqhq y}è*`n
i na|iq Wiqdioæín> Litio} qiotoklomè*`n whqh tý} ji}jn}+ N dh|n li louiq5 !IY ]NY hfnqh n ]iq
H}mik}onkhln xyi li}ien }iq! iktn`ti ojiloh|hjik|i n is|iqkn k&I}}h Wqi}ikæh H}mik}onkh`+ !IY ]NY
jokch I|iqkh @oaiq|hæín li |nlh ojwiqdioæín cyjhkh ki}|i ok}|hk|i!+ Mnjwqiiklio n xyi ï n !IY ]NY!+
Louio5 !I}|i mnqwn ï n \ijw`n ln Liy} Totn xyi h}mik}onkh hfnqh!+ N `hln cyjhkn ï yj okmqïly`n i mqê|omn
\njï+ \nlh ok}|qyæín ï hwikh} whqh lhq hn wqýwqon i}|ylhk|i yjh mchkmi li mnjwqntè*`h lik|qn li }o ji}jn,
hw`omhkln i dhuikln y}n lh isw`omhæín lh !@io! lhlh+ Louio mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !IY ]NY n Wnliq xyi fntiqkh
i}|h h|otolhli, wnq|hk|n, i`h ï }ijwqi knqjh`!+ Kín iso}|i }iq cyjhkn kn Ykotiq}n xyi wn}}h qimnkcimiq
mnjn }yh h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! h`cioh2 ik|qi|hk|n, wnli loqofoq*}i hn !IY ]NY! Ykotiq}h`, wno} k&I`i
i}|hjn} |nln} okm`yêln}+ Jh} mhlh wh}}n xyi liq kh hmio|hæín lh qih`olhli li xyi ï i}|h wqýwqoh Lotokh
Wqi}ikæh, }iqè yjh hxyo}oæín wiqjhkik|i, xyi kín }ndqiqè qi|qnmi}}n+

14
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N Wik}hjik|n
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc( \y, Wnliqn}h, Nkowiki|qhk|i Wqi}ikæh( \y, Nkowiki|qhk|i !IY ]NY!( Ký} qiklijn}
`nytnq i fqhæh} wi`h di`omolhli xyi h|okfi hxyi`i} xyi }i hmchj }na I}|h Qhlohæín+ Ký} qiklijn} `nytnq i
fqhæh} wnqxyi h Mchti ]ojw`i} whqh h Di`omolhli Wiqdio|h wnli }iq mnkmilolh whqh haikænhq i hkmnqhq i}}i}
Do`cn} li Liy} kn }iy wqýwqon i doqji Lnjêkon+ Ký} qiklijn} `nytnq wi`h chqjnkoh jhk|olh kn êk|ojn li
mhlh i}|ylhk|i i wnqxyi i`i} }ik|ij h kimi}}olhli li mnk}iqtè*`h+ Ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} wnqxyi n !IY ]NY!
i}|è wqi}ik|i ij |nlh whq|i, mnk|qn`hkln |nlh h|otolhli is|iqkh i mnklyuokln*h ç Wiqdioæín+
Iy }ijwqi |qhfn ]hylhæùi} whqh tý}+
LO]MYQ]N
Hxyo`n xyi |nln} ay}mhj ï h di`omolhli, h`fyjh} tiui} mchjhlh aij*htik|yqhkæh2 mnk|yln, jyo|n} ln} xyi h
|åj wqnmyqhln mnj |hk|n hdokmn mnk|okyhj lo}|hk|i} lh mchti xyi `ith ç di`omolhli+
H mchti }ojw`i} whqh h di`omolhli wiqdio|h i whqh n }iy okiqik|i wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq i}|è kn hy|nmnk|qn`i i kh
hy|nmnqqiæín+ O}}n ï jyo|n dèmo` li mnk}ifyoq xyhkln n oklotêlyn hwqikliy xyi i`i ï h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, h
Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi mnk|qn`h i loqofi |nlh} h} mno}h}+
Hn qilnq li mhlh oklotêlyn cè yj jykln li wik}hjik|n} mqohln wnq i`i ji}jn+ Lik|qn li}}i jykln jik|h`
i}|è h }ijik|i, h !Lotokh Wqi}ikæh!, n !IY ]NY!, h õkomh Wqi}ikæh ij hæín xyi h|yh kn Ykotiq}n i xyi
loqofi |nlh h ikiqfoh+ I}}h ikiqfoh wnli }iq ok|ik}odomhlh jyo|n h`ïj li xyh`xyiq `ojo|i wnq jion lh h|otolhli
mnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn+
H Lotokh Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq ï }iji`chk|i hn mhqnæn li yj wå}}ifn, i n jykln li wik}hjik|n} xyi H iktn`ti
}i h}}iji`ch ç wn`wh ln wå}}ifn+ H wn`wh qiwqi}ik|h kín }ý n jykln jik|h` mqohln wi`n oklotêlyn, mnjn
|hjaïj h }ya}|ákmoh i`i|qükomh ykotiq}h` }ijwqi wqi}ik|i, i}wiqhkln }iq h|othlh wi`h li|iqjokhæín
mnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn, whqh }iq wqimowo|hlh kn }iy y}n to}êti`, }na h dnqjh lhxyo`n xyi i`i wn}}h li}iehq+
N mhjokcn }ifyqn whqh h mnjwqiik}ín i y}n li}|i wnliq mnk}moik|i tij h|qhtï} ln hy|nmnk|qn`i+ Xyi
ik|ikln iy wnq hy|nmnk|qn`i> Wqojioqn5 n qimnkcimojik|n lh !Ok|i`ofåkmoh &IY ]NY&! mnjn h õkomh Wqi}ikæh
H|yhk|i+ ]ifykln5 xyi, moik|i} lo}}n, }haijn} kín chtiq `ojo|i whqh n wnliq li ]iy y}n+ \iqmioqn5 xyi }ikln
n} oklotêlyn} ln|hln} li `otqi*hqaê|qon i `otqi i}mn`ch, mqohj kn jykln xyi n} miqmh |yln hxyo`n ij xyi }iy
wik}hjik|n dosh h h|ikæín+
Mcifny h ïwnmh ij xyi |nln} litij mnjwqiikliq xyi wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n }ín h} õkomh} i jho}
wnliqn}h} dnqæh} mqohlnqh}, kh Tolh ny kn Ykotiq}n+ H}}oj, h õkomh dnqjh li y}hq i}|i w`ikn wnliq ln
wik}hjik|n i ln }ik|ojik|n, xyi ï Liy} ij Hæín, mnk}o}|i kn hy|nmnk|qn`i i hy|nlo}mow`okh mnj n} xyho} }i
wnli qhwolhjik|i mcifhq ç mnkxyo}|h i ç mnjwqiik}ín, loqofoq i y}hq i}|i wnliq mqohlnq ln wik}hjik|n }ij
`ojo|i h`fyj li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi+
Xyhkln ï h`mhkæhln }ydomoik|i hy|nmnk|qn`i i`i |nqkh n} oklotêlyn} mhwhui} li jhk|iq n wik}hjik|n dosn
}naqi yj lhln li}ien, |h` mnjn h mchjh li yjh |nmch li fè} hmi|o`ikn * xyi }i jhk|ïj ojýti`+ Ik|ín,
wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n jhk|oln} okhah`hti`jik|i }naqi yj li|iqjokhln li}ien, kh mnk}moåkmoh li xyi ï h
!Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY! dhuikln y}n lh qhuín * Liy} ij Hæín * mnjwqiikliqín xyi wnlij |qhuiq ç to}oao`olhli
i wqimowo|hq |yln n xyi li}iehqij+
O}}n kín xyiq louiq xyi kín }i wn}}h wik}hq ij ny|qh mno}h2 }i h}}oj dn}}i mnjn wnliqohj }iq myjwqoln} n}
jo` i yj litiqi} xyi }i hmyjy`hj lohqohjik|i>
I}my|ho5 |ij }oln wqnthln, li jo` jnln}, xyi n idio|n li yjh mno}h kín wnli |qhuiq di`omolhli+ ]ý wi`h
mnjwqiik}ín lh mhy}h* xyi*nwiqh, wnli n oklotêlyn | nqkhq*}i ]ikcnq ln }iy jykln+
N hy|nmnk|qn`i ï isiqmoln xyhkln }i qihfi lh }ifyok|i dnqjh lohk|i li xyh`xyiq dh|n li}hqjükomn xyi }i
hwqi}ik|i5 !Kín, o}|n kín ï tiqlhli, wnqxyi jiy &IY ]NY& ï wiqdio|n+ Hwhfn |nlh ojwiqdioæín mqohlh wi`h
jokch mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh i kín hmio|n }ikín h wiqdioæín jhkodi}|hlh!+ N xyi hmnk|imi ik|ín> Haqo} h wnq|h
whqh Liy} !IY ]NY!, i I`i qinqfhkouh |nln n is|iqonq+
Iy, ]hok| Fiqjhok, litn louiq*`ci}5 !Xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, }i hn jikn} wylï}}io} mnjwqiikliq i tiq xyi
jhfkêdomn i}w`iklnq li qih`ouhæín |ikli} lohk|i li tý} wi`h hæín mnk|êkyh ln hy|nmnk|qn`i }naqi h h|otolhli
is|iqkh, hw`omhqêio} |nln} n} i}dnqæn}, ij |nln} n} jnjik|n}, whqh mnk}ifyoq n mnk|qn`i i h ji}|qoh }naqi |nlh
iswqi}}ín is|iqkh!+ Li}}i jnln i}|hqio} hw|n} h jhk|iq h kimi}}èqoh chqjnkoh, h|qhtï} lh xyh` n
Is|qhnqlokèqon Wnliq Ok|iqkn lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ï `oaiqhln ij tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh i y}n is|iqkn+ Xyi n
y}n mnk|okyhln qi|oqi lh} jik|i} ln} xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n} h o`y}ín }naqi n }ik|oln li |ijwn, lo}|ákmoh i
i}whæn+
H mchti xyi haqi h ik|qhlh whqh |nlh} h} jho} h`|h} i}diqh} hmojh lh tn}}h, qiwny}h kh }ojw`omolhli i kh
doqjiuh li}|i hy|nmnk|qn`i+ \nln} n} i}|ylhk|i} litiqohj doqjhq*}i }iqohjik|i kh Fqhkli Tiqlhli5 !Nkli
i}|è tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh, hê i}|ho}, wnqxyi IY ]NY i}|è ij |nlh whq|i!+

16
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Haqofhq wnq jyo|n |ijwn kh mnk}moåkmoh xyi cè i}whæn, fqhkli} lo}|ákmoh}, ny xyi n |ijwn iso}|i, ï |ín*
}njik|i mqohæín is|iqkh ln cnjij+ Wnq|hk|n, h|qhti}}hq i}}i |åkyi tïy xyi }iwhqh tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh
ln }iy W`ikn Wnliq Ok|iqkn i H|otolhli ï hwikh} yj i}|hln li wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n+
Hxyi`i} xyi }i i}dnqæhj diqtnqn}hjik|i wnq h|okfoq h !@yu!, xyi li}iehj ki`h totiq i }iq !Do`cn} lh @yu!,
chao|hj mnk}|hk|ijik|i i}}h} jho} h`|h} i}diqh}, myeh ai`iuh y`|qhwh}}h h jho} isyaiqhk|i ojhfokhæín lh
mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh+ Xyhkln ki`h} wiki|qhqli} mnk}moik|ijik|i i ç tnk|hli, tiqodomhqio} xyi |nlh h mqohæín ï
h`o |ín |hkfêti` mnjn h} tn}}h} mnk}|qyæùi} jh|iqoho} n }ín hxyo+
Mnj h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY n Wnliq ln jiy mnjw`i|n hy|nmnk|qn`i, whqh }ijwqi }y}|ik|hln!, |nqkhq*}i*è
whqh tý} jho} dèmo` h mnkxyo}|h li}}h ji}|qoh+ N} i}|ylhk|i} litij |iq mnk}moåkmoh li xyi, hn qimnkcimiqij h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ij hæín, ï ojwn}}êti` ok|iqqnjwå*`h ny k&I`h ok|iqdiqoq li dnqjh h`fyjh+ ]haio xyi kín
iso}|i |ijwn kij i}whæn, ik|ín, n mnkcimojik|n lh th}|olín lh i|iqkolhli i}|è hn tn}}n h`mhkmi+ Ik|qhq kyjh
i}diqh jho} h`|h xyi n tn}}n jykln dê}omn ij w`ikh mnk}moåkmoh, mnk}o}|i hwikh} kyj hey}|hjik|n ny
jylhkæh li tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh+ Mnjn dhuå*`n> ]ojw`i}jik|i }haikln xyi eè i}|ho} mnk}moik|ijik|i `è+
Hdoqjho dqixðik|ijik|i5 !Wi`n Wnliq ln Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn, xyi iy mqoio hn jiy qilnq, kín jho} wn}}h }iq
hdi|hln wnq lõtolh} i |ijnqi}+ H`ifqijik|i }ifyqn n Mi|qn li jiy !IY ]NY& i wiki|qn qi}n`y|hjik|i ij
xyho}xyiq lh} H`|h} I}diqh} xyi h`jien, qi|ikln wiqdio|hjik|i m`hqh i mnk}moik|i h jijýqoh li jokch
h|otolhli khxyi`i} w`hkn}!+
H}}oj, xyh`xyiq yj wnli hmchq*}i wqnk|hjik|i li}dqy|hkln li `oaiqlhli o`ojo|hlh i di`omolhli wiqdio|h whqh
h|yhq ij xyh`xyiq i}diqh xyi i}mn`ch+
I}|hq h whq ln xyi }i wh}}h jo` hkn} ç tn}}h dqik|i ï |ín dèmo` i hmi}}êti`, li dh|n jho} hoklh ln xyi oqli} ç
tn}}h aoa`on|imh wqnmyqhq yj `otqn+
N fqhkli iqqn xyi h mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh lh cyjhkolhli mnk}|qyoy, mqohkln |ijwn i i}whæn ij }yh mqikæh, |ij
}oln n fqhkli na}|èmy`n ç `oaiq|hæín lh cyjhkolhli+
Hxyi`i} xyi mcifhqhj ç fqhkli li}o`y}ín li tiq xyi h qoxyiuh ny n idio|n is|iqonq lh} mno}h} kín wnli |qhuiq
di`omolhli, mnjwqiikliqín mnj fqhkli tik|yqh xyi lik|qn ln }iy wqýwqon wik}hjik|n, wnliq i }ik|ojik|n
mqohlnqi} i}|ín mnk|oln}5 di`omolhli wiqdio|h, `oaiqlhli wiqdio|h, lnjêkon wiqdio|n+
Xyhkln n lo}mêwy`n mnjwqiikliq xyi }i |nqkh yjh whq|i li |yln hxyo`n h xyi }i `ofh wi`h }yh h|ikæín, kn fqhy
li ok|ik}olhli mnj xyi }yh h|ikæín ï doshlh, wiqmiaiqè h ojwnq|ákmoh li mnk}iqtè*`h hdh}|hlh ln} hwhqik|i}
ákfy`n} li}|qy|otn} lh iswiqoåkmoh cyjhkh, }iehj i`i} xyho} dnqij+
Lo}my|oq ny mnjik|hq h hwhqik|i okmhwhmolhli, lidio|n} ny dh`|h} li tn}}n} hjofn}, dhjo`ohqi} ny mn`ifh}, kín
}ý mnk}|qýo lik|qn li tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh i}}i i`ijik|n }naqi xyi qiwny}h tn}}h lo}my}}ín, mnjn |hjaïj
mnk|qoayo whqh n dnq|h`imojik|n li yjh dh`}h hwhqåkmoh xyi lè h ojwqi}}ín li iso}|oq kn ny|qn oklotêlyn+
N dh|n li chtiq kn jykln jhfn} kifqn} * miq|n} do`cn} li Liy} xyi ijwqifhj jh` i mnk|hjokhj h wyqh
ikiqfoh i`i|qükomh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! * kín ï qhuín whqh lioshqjn} kn}}h h|ikæín qiwny}hq }naqi i}}i
dh|n, ykomhjik|i wnqxyi |ijn} moåkmoh li`i+
Kn}}n litiq ï jhk|iq h h|ikæín `otqi, whqh xyi i`h wiqjhkiæh hn h`mhkmi ln kn}}n hy|nmnk|qn`i, mnjwi`okln*
h, wi`h hæín mnk}moik|i, h doshq*}i nkli ký} li}iehqjn}+
Wnymn} li tý} lín*}i mnk|h li xyi, hn }iq }yh h|ikæín h|qhêlh whqh h`fh li}|qy|oth, wiqjo|ij*kh tn`|hq mnj
dqixðåkmoh ç ji}jh mno}h2 ny ik|ín, }i h`fyïj n} li}fh}|ny li miq|n jnln, lioshj h h|ikæín tn`|hq jyo|h}
tiui} hn ji}jn okmolik|i, fqhthkln*n knthjik|i ij }yh mnk}moåkmoh * xyhkln |åj n w`ikn wnliq li
fntiqkè*`h i dhuå*`h nailimiq hn }iy mnjhkln( Ji}jn ik|qi n} lo}mêwy`n} jho} hqlnqn}n}, h|ï hfnqh wnymn}
qimnkcimij ij xyi wnliq ojik}n h dhmy`lhli li h|ikæín ln oklotêlyn }i |qhk}dnqjh, xyhkln i}|è }na h
loqiæín li }iy y}n mnk|qn`hln(+
Li}ien dqo}hq hn} lo}mêwy`n} xyi ï ok}ik}h|iu lioshq*}i hah`hq, okxyoi|hq ny wiq|yqahq wi`h} h|otolhli}
ojhfokèqoh} lh ofknqákmoh lh mnk}moåkmoh is|iqonq+ Yjh tiu }haikln xyi5 !IY ]NY ï h õkomh Wqi}ikæh \nlh*
Wnliqn}h h|yhkln ij jokch jik|i, jiy mnqwn i jiy jykln!, kín cè wn}}oao`olhli li }iqij hdi|hln} ny
wiq|yqahln} wnq xyho}xyiq li }yh} h}}nmohæùi} ln jykln is|iqonq+ Litij }haiq ik|ín xyi }ín ok|ioqhjik|i
ojyki} h wqieyêun} ny ijahqhæn} lh jik|i is|iqkh li ny|qn} oklotêlyn} * }ieh n xyi dnq xyi wqnmyqij i`i}
dhuiq+
@nfn xyi n oklotêlyn }i moik|odoxyi li xyi |ij qih`jik|i mnk|qn`i }naqi }iy wqýwqon wik}hjik|n, wnliq i
}ik|ojik|n mqohlnqi}, ik|ín i`i }hai, wn}o|othjik|i, xyi ï mhwhu li wqimowo|hq whqh }iy y}n to}êti` |yln n xyi
kimi}}o|hq+
Kn jnjik|n ij xyi tiqlhlioqhjik|i }i mnjwiki|qhq lo}}n, }haiqè xyi i}|è whqh }ijwqi `oaiq|h ln li}ien li
qoxyiuh} ny li xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi n jykln is|iqkn wn}}h lhq+ Ik|ín, |iqè okfqi}}hln kh Ji}|qoh i Lnjêkon ln
}iy wqýwqon jykln+
Hdoqjn*tn} xyi kín iso}|i |h` mno}h mnjn }ieh yj jykln !}naqikh|yqh`!+ Xyhkln wh}}hjn} li}|h i}diqh li
h|otolhli whqh ny|qh jho} h`|h, hxyi`h }i |nqkh |ín qih` mnjn i}|h+ Ï }ojw`i}jik|i yj i}|hln li mnk}moåkmoh
lodiqik|i, whqh n xyh` wh}}hjn}+

13
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Whqh h`ifqoh li tn}}n} dhjo`ohqi} litn louiq xyi lik|qn li mij hkn} chtiqè mik|ikh} li wi}}nh} mhwhui} li
y}hq n} Qhon} Mý}jomn} whqh `ojwhq }iy} `hqi} i h}}oj mnk}iqtè*`n}, whqh |imiq }yh} qnywh} okmnk}õ|io}
xyhkln kín jho} }ik|oqij n li}ien li hmnjwhkchq n} i}|o`n} is|qhthfhk|i} mqohln} wnq h`fyjh olïoh
mnjiqmoh`ouhlh+
Jyo|n} lo}mêwy`n} |åj oklhfhln h qhuín wi`h xyh` n} ]iqi} H}mik}onkhln} ny Ji}|qi}, mnj |nln n ]iy Wnliq
Mqohlnq, jyo|h} tiui} wqidiqij jnqhq ij mh}h} cyjo`li}+ Iy tn} hdoqjn xyi h isw`omhæín ï jyo|n }ojw`i}+ H
jhonq whq|i li ]yh tolh i h|otolhli ï li}wiklolh kh} I}diqh} ]ywiqonqi}, kh} xyho} loqofij Wnliqn}n} Qhon}
li @yu ij aikidêmon lh cyjhkolhli, li}li ]iy} @hqi} i \ijw`n} li @yu i ]hailnqoh, |ín ai`n}, |ín
|qhk}miklik|i} xyi xyh}i dhuij thmo`hq h ojhfokhæín lh mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh+ I}}i} @hqi} i \ijw`n} }ín
I|iqkn}, i tåj h }iq }ijwqi mhlh tiu jho} ai`n}+ Wnq i}|h qhuín, n} Ji}|qi} hwikh} }i lijnqhj wnymh} cnqh}
kn jykln to}êti`+ O}|n n} naqofh h ahoshq h lik}olhli li ]yh} dnqjh} |qhk}miklik|i}, whqh xyi wn}}hj |nqkhq*
}i to}êtio} hn} xyi hoklh nmywhj mnqwn dê}omn+ ]i n} i}|ylhk|i} mnjwqiikliqij i}|h isw`omhæín, ito|hqín
jyo|h} wiqfyk|h} i mnkdy}ùi} kh iswqi}}ín is|iqkh, myen |ijwn hê ijwqifhln wnlij hw`omhq kh h|otolhli lh
Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+
O}}n n} `ithqè hn ájhfn li}}i i}|hln |qhk}miklik|i i mnk}yjoqè n hk}ion wi`h qoxyiuh ln jykln is|iqonq, xyi
kín wh}}h li kokchqoh ij mnjwhqhæín mnj n |qhk}miklik|i wnliq mqohlnq, okiqik|i h |nln oklotêlyn+ I`i}
wnlij |qhuiq i}}i wnliq |qhk}miklik|i whqh }iy y}n h|qhtï} ln }iy wqýwqon hy|nmnk|qn`i i ji}|qoh+ Iy tn}
wiqfyk|n5 !Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, do`cn} ln Liy} Ykn, kín jiqimi o}}n n tn}}n jho} }okmiqn i}dnqæn, }haikln
xyi kín wnlio} dqhmh}}hq> \njho tn}}n Mi|qn ln Fqhkli Wnliq Mqohlnq i }ili whqh }ijwqi `otqi} li |nlh} h}
`ojo|hæùi} ln wh}}hln xyi tn} ikmhliohj, xyi |åj a`nxyihln h cyjhkolhli h|qhtï} lh} olhli}!+ H}}ifyqn*
tn}5 h |nln hxyi`i xyi i}|è wqi}|i} h h`mhkæhq i}}i Mi|qn i i}}h Ji}|qoh, }iqè lhlh h h}}o}|åkmoh kimi}}èqoh, }i
ko}|n }i ijwikchq mnj |nlh h }yh mhwhmolhli+
Hxyi`i xyi |ij mnjwqiik}ín li }yh mhwhmolhli mqohlnqh, liti }haiq xyi wnli mqohq xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi
xyioqh, ij xyh`xyiq |hsh toaqh|ýqoh xyi li}iei jhk|iq, xyiq }ieh @yu ny xyh`xyiq ny|qh mnklik}hæín xyi
i}mn`ciq whqh dosè*`h+
]haio} xyi wn}}yo} h dhmy`lhli li |qhk}diqoq n tn}}n wik}hjik|n li Mhqhmh} h Knth Onqxyi kn ji}jn
ok}|hk|i, i }haio} xyi wnlio} jylhq tn}}n wik}hjik|n li yjh mnkloæín li @yu whqh ny|qh li mnklik}hæín
jyo|n lik}h, |h` mnjn n diqqn+ Ik|ín, kín }i wnli lioshq li tiq xyi hxyo`n xyi n oklotêlyn dhu h mhlh
jnjik|n, mnk}moik|ijik|i i ç tnk|hli, wnli |qhuiq h yjh jhkodi}|hæín jho} wnliqn}h, doshkln i jhk|ikln
mnk}moik|ijik|i h h|ikæín }naqi hxyo`n xyi li}ieh+
H h|ikæín ï n mhkh` wi`n xyh` d`yo h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh li Liy}, h|qhtï} ln wik}hjik|n i ln }ik|ojik|n, whqh
isimy|hq n xyi `ci dno nqlikhln+ Wi`n dh|n li kín |iq hoklh n lo}mêwy`n wqimowo|hln mno}h h`fyjh ln okto}êti`,
iso}|i ki`i yjh lõtolh nmy`|h, h|ï xyi nmnqqh yjh }ojw`i} jhkodi}|hæín+ Ik|ín, }yh mnqhfij i mnkdohkæh
isiqmiqín lnjêkon, i kn dy|yqn kín |iqè lodomy`lhli h`fyjh ij wqimowo|hq |yln hxyo`n xyi li}iehq+
H cyjhkolhli, h|qhtï} ln} }ïmy`n}, |ij mnk}|qyêln i}}h} jyqh`ch} li `ojo|hæín+ Hfnqh, i`h} litij }iq
li}wilhæhlh}, li}|qyêlh} i mnk}yjolh} li xyh`xyiq dnqjh xyi kn} }ieh wn}}êti` dhuå*`n+ H wqokmêwon, o}}n
qixyiq qih` li|iqjokhæín, jh} xyhkln }haio} xyi ï n Wnliq ln !IY ]NY! xyi h|yh, }haio} xyi I`i kín wnli
dh`chq+ N is|iqkn hwikh} kimi}}o|h jhk|iq h h|ikæín doshlh kn naei|n h }iq dio|n to}êti`+ Ok}o}|o ko}}n i domhqio}
}yqwqiikloln} wnq |iqli} totoln |hk|n |ijwn }ij dhuiq y}n li}|i Wnliq+
N mnjwqojik|n ln Qhon li yjh }ya}|ákmoh wqimowo|hlh ny mnklik}hæín li @yu ï qify`hln wi`h mnk}moåkmoh li
xyij h y}h+ ]i h mnk}moåkmoh lh wi}}nh xyi h y}h dnq jyo|n i`ithlh, h mok|o`hæín }iqè jyo|n fqhkli+
H !Eýoh li @yu! eè i}|è kn }iy |qhk}miklik|i i}|hln li wiqdioæín+ H eýoh mnkdimmonkhlh mnj yjh }ya}|ákmoh
mnklik}hlh, |h` mnjn n lohjhk|i, h i}jiqh`lh ny n qyao, |njhqè kh|yqh`jik|i h mnkloæín li xyij h y}h2 }i n
kêti` toaqh|ýqon lh wi}}nh xyi h y}h dnq ahosh, h eýoh }iqè }ij aqo`cn, ikxyhk|n xyi i`h }i |nqkhqè jyo|n
`yjokn}h }i n wik}hjik|n dnq |qhk}miklik|i+
Xyhkln h`fyïj }i |nqkh yj lo}mêwy`n }okmiqn ij ay}mh lh @yu, liti xyh`odomhq |yln hn }iy qilnq mnj h
xyh`olhli lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, }ij wqinmywhq*}i mnj h hwhqåkmoh+ Kn|ho xyi kín wnli chtiq yjh
xyh`olhli ny yjh hwhqåkmoh ij tn}}n jykln h kín }iq hxyi`h xyi `ci ` ci liqli}+
]i n jiln tn} dhu mqiq kyjh iso}|åkmoh wiq|yqahlnqh, }no} qi}wnk}èti` wnq o}}n, wnqxyi }i cnyti}}i yjh
wqi}ikæh wiq|yqahlnqh i h |otï}}io} xyh`odomhln mnj h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, kín `ci }iqoh wn}}êti` wiq|yqahq*
tn}+ Cè ism`y}othjik|i yjh ikiqfoh xyi hfi i li}li n jnjik|n ij xyi qimnkcimio} !H Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
|iqio} qixyh`odîmhln hxyi`h h|otolhli mnj h wiqdioæín+
H iswim|h|oth ï yjh mnk}moåkmoh xyh`odomhlnqh jyo|n wnliqn}h xyi mnktïj jhk|iq+ H iswim|h|oth ok|ik}h ï
h`fn li jhfkêdomn+ I`h jhkodi}|h }ijwqi+
H cyjhkolhli, h|qhtï} ln} }ïmy`n}, mqony yj tïy wnq jion ln xyh` ism`yoy i}}h} i}diqh} |qhk}miklik|i}+ Nqh,
}i n mqony, n xyi kh qih`olhli diu, n anj }ik}n i h qhuín kn} louij xyi wnli li}|qyê*`n+
Yjh wnliqn}h qhlohæín whq|oy whqh n} lo}mêwy`n}, mnj yjh ok|ik}h mnktomæín li xyi }iqè }y}|ik|hlh h|ï xyi
qimiahj i}|i |qhah`cn xyi lo|io cnei+ \nqkhq mnkcimolh h }ojw`omolhli, h dhmo`olhli i h miq|iuh mnj xyi h olïoh

1?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
wnli }iq |nqkhlh to}êti` wi`n wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n mqohlnqi}, ï yjh mno}h }naqi h xyh` n} lo}mêwy`n}
litiqohj ok}o}|oq+ O}}n lo}}n`tiqè n }ik|ojik|n li !wn}}n iy>! i mn`nmhqè ij }iy `yfhq n !IY WN]]N! i !IY
]NY!+
]i n} lo}mêwy`n} }i jhk|otiqij ij chqjnkoh, li tiu ij xyhkln qimiaiqín h o`yjokhæín xyi `ci} lhqè |nlh h
mnkdohkæh kimi}}èqoh+ Hmqi}mik|ho h |nlh} h} nqlik} xyi liqli}, hn }hoqli} ln mnqwn, xyi qi|iqio} h jijýqoh
mnk}moik|i li |yln n xyi oli} iswiqojik|hq+ Hwifho*tn} hn tn}}n naei|otn li}li n mnjiæn i domho }haikln
xyi xyh`xyiq mnkcimojik|n xyi kimi}}o|hqli} }yqfoqè ok}|hk|hkihjik|i+
Xyhkln wiqjo|o} xyi tn}}h h|ikæín }i dosi ij h`fyjh mno}h, ki}}i jnjik|n tý} `ci lho} wnliq whqh hfoq2 o}|n
}ofkodomh xyi }ý wnli iso}|oq yjh xyh`olhli ny hwhqåkmoh ij tn}}n jykln i i}|h ï h xyi tý} ji}jn} `ci
ny|nqfho}+

‡ %%
‡

KN\H
\nlh eýoh qiwqi}ik|h yjh h`|h h|otolhli lh ]ya}|ákmoh Lotokh+ Xyhk|n jho} ok|ik}n dnq }iy dy`fnq, jhonq ï }iy
fqhy li wyqiuh+ N nyqn kín kimi}}o|h i |hjwnymn hliqi h ny|qn i`ijik|n+ Wnq }iq n nyqn yj i`ijik|n wyqn
|nln} n} ny|qn} ji|ho} hliqij h i`i+ Kh} h|otolhli} xyi isofij n ijwqifn ln dnfn, cè yj jnjik|n ij xyi h
mchjh }i hwqi}ik|h tiqji`ch, hk|i} li hlxyoqoq h mn`nqhæín lnyqhlh+ O}|n }i liti hn dh|n li, kh |qhk}jy|hæín
li }ya}|ákmoh, h mnq tiqji`ch oklomhq h `oaiqhæín li ojwyqiuh}+

=7
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Jilo|hæín
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 \y, Wn|ik|i, \nlh*Wnliqn}h i H|oth Wqi}ikæh * Liy}( Mhlh tiu jho} hyjik|h kn}}n wqndykln
`nytnq, hfqhlimojik|n i fqh|olín h \o, wnq \yh Tolh, \yh @yu i \iy Wnliq Ok|i`ofik|i jhkodi}|hln ij |nlh
whq|i kn Ykotiq}n2 wnq \yh H|oth Wqi}ikæh jhkodi}|hlh kh jik|i, kn mnqwn, kn `hq, kn jykln i kn} kifýmon}
li mhlh yj+
Dhu mnj xyi mnjwqiiklhjn} i }ok|hjn} \iy Qhlohk|i Wnliq, }ijwqi h|otn ij kn}}n jykln, h}}yk|n} i
kifýmon} * qimnkcimikln xyi kikcyjh h|otolhli wnli dh`chq, wnqxyi \y fntiqkh} |nlh} h} hæùi} ij \iy
Hjnq i Ey}|oæh, |yln fyohkln i qify`hqouhkln+
Nc, Wnliqn}n i ]ywqijn Loqofik|i ln Ykotiq}n( \y, myeh `io ï Ey}|oæh, myen Wnliq ï oktikmêti` * wqn|ifi n
jykln ok|ioqn mnj \yh Fqhkli, Qi}w`iklik|i i Hjnqn}h Wqi}ikæh( Qiti`h ç} hy|nqolhli} ln} Whê}i}
Mnk}|qy|otn} |nlh} h} h|otolhli} kidh}|h}+
!IY ]NY &IY ]NY& ! n Wnliqn}n Mhkh` li Ey}|oæh, okmo|hkln h |nln}, hfnqh i whqh }ijwqi, h xyi }oqthj
}njik|i h mhy}h lh \iqqh i h @yu li Liy}+ Kikcyj wik}hjik|n cyjhkn cè li hê wiki|qhq+ Jín cyjhkh
h`fyjh cè li }i `ithk|hq mnk|qh i`h wnqxyi i}|è }i`hlh kn Hjnq lh !Fqhkli H}mik}onkhlh Cn}|i lh @yu! whqh
}ijwqi+
Wnliqn}n Liy} ln Ykotiq}n( \iy Hjnq, \yh @yu, \yh ]hailnqoh, \yh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Ey}|oæh nmywhqín |nln}
n} liwhq|hjik|n} wõa`omn} kh \iqqh2 |nlh} h} mnqqywæùi} wn`ê|omh} }iqín i`ojokhlh} whqh }ijwqi i \y qiokhqè}
h|qhtï} li \yh Mqohæín * h|qhtï} li \iy} Do`cn}, ij Wiqdio|h Ey}|oæh whqh |nln}+
\qhfn*tn} ]hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i, }ijwqi ti`hkln i }ijwqi joko}|qhkln h|qhtï} li ]yh Lotokh
Qhlohæín, h doj li myqhq, haikænhq, o`yjokhq i dhuiq wqn}wiqhq |nln} n} xyi hmio|hqij+
LO]MYQ]N
Yjh lh} mno}h} li xyi jho} n} oklotêlyn} wqimo}hj h|yh`jik|i, i ji}jn n} lo}mêwy`n} }okmiqn}, ï }ik|oq h
kimi}}olhli li lilomhq h`fyj |ijwn ç jilo|hæín, wi`h jhkcí i ç kno|i, whqh hmh`jhq h h|otolhli is|iqonq, h
doj li xyi h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq wn}}h jhkodi}|hq* }i }ij na}|èmy`n}+
Jilo|hq }ofkodomh, kh qih`olhli * }ik|oq * h Wqi}ikæh H|oth li Liy}+ Wnq mnk}ifyok|i, xyhkln h`fyïj wqnmyqh
ik|qhq ij jilo|hæín, kín wnli hqqh}|hq mnk}ofn |nlh} h} wiq|yqahæùi} xyi n hmn}}hqhj h|ï hxyi`i jnjik|n+
Liti hdh}|hq, mnk}moik|ijik|i, ln }ik|ojik|n i lh h|ikæín |nlh} h} mno}h} wiq|yqahlnqh}, i ik|qhq ij
jilo|hæín whqh }ik|oq h !Wqi}ikæh li Liy}! i kín whqh qijijnqhq }yh} wqinmywhæùi}+ Xyhkln }i diu hxyi`h
hdoqjhæín5 !Mnkcimio h Tiqlhli i I`h tn} dhqè `otqi}!, }ofkodomhth n qimnkcimojik|n, h hmio|hæín i h h|otolhli
lh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Wqojioqhjik|i domho }haikln xyi5 !IY ]NY! ï n Wqokmowon Dyklhjik|h` i h
ha}n`y|h miq|iuh li `oaiqlhli hfnqh+ ]ifykln5 !IY ]NY! ï h Wqi}ikæh h|oth xyi fntiqkh wiqdio|hjik|i |nlh h
jhkodi}|hæín ij tn}}h Tolh i tn}}n jykln+ Ik|ín, |iqio} wiki|qhln kh Tiqlhli xyi tn} |qhqè |nlh `oaiqlhli+
Litn qi`h|hq*tn} h`fn xyi }iqoh mý}jomn }i kín dn}}i qih`jik|i }ïqon5 }i tn}}n mínuokcn li i}|ojhæín
|iojh}}i ij mhqqifhq n}}n} lh mnuokch whqh n |hwi|i li tn}}h }h`h, xyi dhqêio}> Kh|yqh`jik|i hmchqêio} i}|hq
i`i dhuikln mno}h jyo|n ojwqýwqoh i n mh}|ofhqêio}+
]haio}, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n} lh Tiqlhli, xyi hn wiqjo|oqli} xyi tn}}h jik|i }i li|ikch }naqi mno}h} ny
iswiqoåkmoh} wiq|yqahlnqh}, i}|ho} wqh|omhkln h`fn jyo|n wonq ln xyi diu n mhmcnqqokcn> Ï `hjik|èti` xyi
lo}mêwy`n} i oklotêlyn} lodomo`jik|i mnjwqiiklhj xyi kykmh, ij moqmyk}|ákmoh h`fyjh, litij wqnmyqhq qi|iq
h} èfyh} xyi wh}}hqhj }na h wnk|i+
Ij ny|qh} wh`htqh}5 h} iswiqoåkmoh} li}hfqhlètio}, h} wiqlh} ny xyho}xyiq ojwiqdioæùi} xyi hmnqqiqhj ij
tn}}h tolh wh}}hlh, ehjho} litiqohj }iq mnk}iqthlh} ij tn}}n wqi}ik|i+ ]ín èfyh} wh}}hlh} * wiqlnho i
i}xyimio+ Lhq i wiqlnhq ï mhqhm|iqê}|omh li Liy}, qih`jik|i+ Whqh o`y}|qhæín5 }i yj oklotêlyn }i `hkæhq kyj
ijwqiiklojik|n mnjiqmoh` i wnq dh`|h li mnjwqiik}ín o}|n jh`nfqhq ny }i li}jijaqhq, ï }ijwqi litoln ç
li}hqjnkoh lh h|o|yli jik|h` i ln} }ik|ojik|n}+
]i mhlh oklotêlyn, ij moqmyk}|ákmoh} }iji`chk|i}, }i doqjh}}i ij xyi }njik|i cè Liy} ij Hæín, mnk}ifyoqoh
n jho} mnjw`i|n åso|n+ Yjh tiu xyi n oklotêlyn wn}}yo `otqi*hqaê|qon, }i i`i kín mnk|qn`hq }iy} wqýwqon}
wik}hjik|n} i }ik|ojik|n}, li}|qyoqè n} kifýmon} whqh }o i n} h`cion}+ \h` ï h Fqhkli @io, h kín }iq xyi mhlh
oklotêlyn mnqqoeh wik}hjik|n} i }ik|ojik|n} i h}}oj n} mnk}iqti+
\nln hxyi`i xyi }i jhkodi}|h wqi}ik|ijik|i kh dnqjh dê}omh, mnji|iy iqqn} ij wqndy}ín * ij h`fyj |ijwn i
ij h`fyj `yfhq+ Wnq o}|n, xyi kokfyïj h}}yjh h h|o|yli5 !IY ]NY jho} }hk|n xyi |y!, litikln, wnqïj, }iq n
wqojioqn fi}|n li mhlh yj hwi`hq ç @io ln Wiqlín2 }i h`fyïj }ik|oq ny iktohq mqê|omh, mik}yqh ny ýlon mnk|qh
yj ny|qn do`cn li Liy}, }ieh oqjín ny oqjí, kykmh wnliqè |iq o`yjokhæín ny }ymi}}n h|ï xyi oktnxyi h @io ln
Wiqlín+ H`ïj lo}}n, h i}}h wi}}nh wi`h xyh` ky|qoh }ik|ojik|n} li h`fyj jnln wiq|yqahlnqi} i`i liti louiq *
}o`ikmon}hjik|i5 !Iy tn} ikton h w`iko|yli li jiy Hjnq Lotokn whqh haikænhq*tn} i dhuiq wqn}wiqhq!+ I}}i
wqnmilojik|n ï n õkomn jion li li}naqofhq*}i i `oaiq|hq*}i h`fyïj ln} hwhqik|i} dqhmh}}n} lh h|otolhli
is|iqkh+

=8
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N} oklotêlyn} xyi i}|ín mnk|okyhjik|i wik}hkln i lo}my|okln h`fyj kifýmon ny wqnei|n xyi dqhmh}}ny,
}ifyqhjik|i kn doj li}|qyoqín h }o ji}jh}, }i kín oktnmhqij h @io ln Wiqlín whqh hwhfhq mnjw`i|hjik|i
hxyi`h }o|yhæín+
Mnk}iqthq h`fyïj yjh h|o|yli li tokfhkæh mnk|qh yj jh` hwhqik|i, ojhfokèqon ny kín, }ý qilyklhqè ij
hmhqqi|hq whqh }o ji}jn okmhwhmolhli jik|h` i dê}omh #whqh`o}oh ny jh` li Whqbok}nk/+ N hk|ofn, i kn ik|hk|n
jhqhto`cn}n lo|hln, tokln h|ï ký} h|qhtï} ln} |ijwn}5 * !H jikn} xyi wiqlnio}, mnjn i}wiqho} }iq
wiqlnhln!> * ï yjh lh} jho} fqhti} `io} h }iq hw`omhlh kh iswiqoåkmoh cyjhkh+ Nc( }i n} oklotêlyn} ij fiqh`
i jyo|n} lo}mêwy`n} wyli}}ij hn jikn} tiq mnjn i`i} }i wqiklij h mno}h} li}kimi}}èqoh}, wiqjo|okln xyi h
jik|i qitn`th h}}yk|n} lo}mnqlhk|i} xyi eè wh}}hqhj i xyi kín wnlij }iq qijilohln} wnq jion ln} }ik|oln}
is|iqkn}(
N xyi cè li jho} ojwnq|hk|i i xyi |nlh h cyjhkolhli wqnmyqh, qih`jik|i, ï Whu i @oaiqlhli, xyi }ijwqi }ín
h} wnq|h} lh di`omolhli+ Iso}|i hwikh} yj mhjokcn wn}}êti` whqh qimiaiq i}|h fqhæh5 mnkcimiq Liy} * h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, i I}|h Wqi}ikæh ï h õkomh Ok|i`ofåkmoh ij hæín ij tn}}h Tolh i ij tn}}n jykln, ij
xyh`xyiq |ijwn+ Hwnoho*tn} ik|ín ki}}i mnkcimojik|n i totio*n+
Yjh lh} mno}h} jho} }yqwqiiklik|i} xyi dno lhln ç jokch iswiqoåkmoh |i}|ijykchq * li}li xyi ik|qio kn
I}|hln H}mik}onkhln * ï h olïoh lo}|nqmolh lh `oaiqlhli dokhkmioqh+ Cè }njik|i yj jnln }ifyqn i miq|n li
mnk}|qyoq tn}}h i|iqkh `oaiqlhli dokhkmioqh, xyi ï mnkcimiq i }ik|oq mnj |nlh} h} doaqh} li tn}}n ]iq5 !IY
]NY h ]ya}|ákmoh, h Nwy`åkmoh eè hwiqdioænhlh} kn jiy jykln, li |nlh} h} mno}h} mnk}|qy|oth} xyi iy wn}}h
mnkmiaiq ny li}iehq!+ O}|n ï h tiqlhlioqh `oaiqlhli dokhkmioqh, i o}}n tn} |qhqè i}}h `oaiqlhli ikxyhk|n h
jhk|otiqli}+
Wnq ny|qn `hln, n cnjij wnli ijwqifhq * mnk}moik|i ny okmnk}moik|ijik|i * n ah}|hk|i li}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! ny Liy}* Ikiqfoh whqh hmyjy`hq, wnq jion lh h|otolhli is|iqonq, jo`cùi} li lý`hqi}2 jh} ij xyi }i
dyklh h }yh miq|iuh li mnk}iqtè*`n}> Hdoqjn* tn} xyi ï ojwn}}êti` h xyh`xyiq }iq kn jykln dê}omn mnk}iqthq h
dnq|ykh hmyjy`hlh }ij i}|hq mnk}moik|i li xyi5 !Liy} ï n Wnliq xyi h wqnlyu i jhk|ïj!+ Tili}, lohk|i li
tý}, dqixðik|i} o`y}|qhæùi} li fqhkli} dnq|ykh} xyi mqohqhj h}h} lyqhk|i h kno|i, wnq h}}oj louiq+ Jo`chqi} li
oklotêlyn}, kn} õ`|ojn} hkn}, |qhthqhj mnkcimojik|n mnj i}|h iswiqoåkmoh+ Ji}jn liwno} li |iq nmnqqoln h
wiqlh hwhqik|i, }i i`i} |oti}}ij }oln mhwhui} li jhk|iq doqji }yh nwokoín mnk}moik|i, o}|n ï, !IY ]NY h
qoxyiuh li Liy} ij Hæín hfnqh jhkodi}|hlh ij jokch Tolh i ij jiy jykln!, h wnq|h |iq*}i* oh haiq|n
ojiloh|hjik|i whqh i`i}, whqh xyi qimiai}}ij li kntn h hayklákmoh+
Wnq xyi lofn * !li kntn!> Wnqxyi chtohj mqohln n jnjik|yj i hlxyoqoln yjh fqhkli mnkdohkæh+ Wnq|hk|n,
|nln} n} qixyo}o|n} i}|hthj wiq|n, wqnk|n} whqh y}n ojiloh|n2 jh} kh jhonqoh ln} mh}n} i`i} wiqjo|oqhj h
ik|qhlh li yj fqhkli li}ákojn * jyo|h} tiui} ýlon i qiwqnthæín * n xyi dimcny i |qhkmny h wnq|h h yj
wqnfqi}}n }ya}ixyik|i+
Hfnqh, liosho xyi tn} hdoqji, Hjhln} Do`cn} li Liy}, xyi kykmh iso}|oy ki}|i jykln mnkloæín is|iqkh |ín
jè, |ín li}h}|qn}h xyi i}|oti}}i dnqh lh H|oth Wqi}ikæh li Liy} !IY ]NY! mnj ]yh I|iqkh Dnqæh i Mnqhfij
whqh qi}|hai`imiq h `oaiqlhli i okliwiklåkmoh dokhkmioqh+
Xyiqn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} mnjwqiiklhj o}}n, wnqxyi, ki}|h ïwnmh ij xyi mhij |qnkn} i fntiqkn}, dnq|ykh}
oklotolyho} i ny|qh}, h} wi}}nh} wqimo}hj }haiq i mnjwqiikliq5 }i h }yh dnq|ykh dno lo}}owhlh litoln ç
ofknqákmoh ln ik|iklojik|n, ik|ín h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ki`i}, Liy} ij Hæín, }iqè n qimnk}|qy|nq }ifyqn li
}yh dï, mnkdohkæh, dnq|ykh ny li |yln }naqi xyi li}iehqij loqofoq }yh h|ikæín mnk}moik|i+ H}}oj, i`i}
wiqjo|ij h i}}h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh Ok|iqonq, xyi ï n õkomn wnliq mhwhu li isimy|hq xyh`xyiq mno}h, d`yoq hn
ikmnk|qn li }iy li}ien+
\nln oklotêlyn xyi hwhqik|ijik|i |ikch iswiqojik|hln yjh wiqlh imnküjomh litiqoh ojiloh|hjik|i y}hq h
jhqhto`cn}h hdoqjhæín li Ei}y}5 !IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh+++ #ln} jiy} kifýmon}, jokch
mnjwqiik}ín ny xyh`xyiq mno}h wiq|okik|i/+ Lofn*tn} dqhkmhjik|i, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi kín cè h jêkojh
i}wiqhkæh whqh tý}, kn mïy ny kh |iqqh, ikxyhk|n wiq}o}|oqli} ij jhk|iq kh tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh wik}hjik|n} i
}ik|ojik|n} li mqê|omh, mnklikhæín ny ýlon li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi, okm`yokln h|ï ji}jn h jho} `iti htiq}ín+
O}}n kn} mnklyu h yj wnk|n li to|h` ojwnq|ákmoh, li xyi hwikh} litio} tn} wqinmywhq mnj h tn}}h wqýwqoh
h|otolhli i mnj n tn}}n jykln+ Kín ï li tn}}h h`æhlh ey`fhq yj ny|qn, wnqxyi kín mnkcimio} h} dnqæh} kij
h} mnkloæùi} xyi hfij }naqi tn}}n }iji`chk|i+ Hwikh} mnkcimio} n ákfy`n }na n xyh` ï to}|n, i iy tn} lofn,
kn mh}n li }iq h`fyïj ok|ioqhjik|i oknmik|i li xyh`xyiq ok|ik|n li wqieylomhq yj |iqmioqn, n} xyi ijo|ij
mqê|omh, mik}yqh ny ýlon }naqi i`i, i}|ín dhuikln wonq ln xyi }i mnji|i}}ij yj h}}h}}okh|n dê}omn+ Wnq xyå>
Wnqxyi n wik}hjik|n i n }ik|ojik|n }ín n õkomn Wnliq Mqohlnq, i mnkxyhk|n |ho} wik}hjik|n} i }ik|ojik|n}
kín mcifyij h h|okfoq ny h wqieylomhq }iy naei|otn, }ín naqofhln} h tn`|hq i |qhuiq mnk}ofn h} mnkloæùi}
ijo|olh} wi`n oklotêlyn xyi n} wqnei|ny, i }ijwqi mnj hmyjy`hlh ikiqfoh+
H}}oj, hxyi`i xyi jhk|ïj wik}hjik|n} lhkokcn} ij qi`hæín h yj |iqmioqn, i}|è kh qih`olhli li}|qyokln h }o
wqýwqon, }iy} kifýmon} i ok|iqi}}i}+ Kín cè jion wn}}êti` li ito|hq o}}n, h kín }iq xyi n oklotêlyn li}wiq|i i
mnk}moik|ijik|i oktiq|h h} mnqqik|i}+

=1
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Thjn} lhq yj wh}}n hthk|i+ Ij |nlh} h} ïwnmh} |ij chtoln h}}nmohæùi} lik|qn li h|otolhli} mnjiqmoho},
nkli }i hmch yj ny wn}}oti`jik|i lno} ok|iqi}}hln} mnj n ok|yo|n li`oaiqhln li dhuiq n jh` i, wnq jion li}}h
h}}nmohæín, h`fyk} oklotêlyn} ha}n`y|hjik|i oknmik|i} dnqhj hmy}hln} i dio|n} wqo}onkioqn}+ Lim`hqn*tn}
hfnqh, mnjn @io Okdh`êti` xyi kín wnli }iq h`|iqhlh, xyi n oklotêlyn ny oklotêlyn} mhy}hlnqi} ln
ikmhqmiqhjik|n li wi}}nh} oknmik|i}, wqothkln*h} h}}oj li }yh `oaiqlhli li hæín, h|qhoqín hxyi`h ji}jh
iswiqoåkmoh, xyi li}iehqhj dn}}i li}|okhlh h ny|qij, whqh lik|qn li }yh} wqýwqoh} tolh} * h|ï ji}jn ç |iqmioqh
ny xyhq|h ikmhqkhæín }ifyok|i+
Xyhk|n h joj, wqidiqoqoh jo` tiui} jnqqiq h }iqtoq li ok}|qyjik|n whqh wqothq li }yh `oaiqlhli xyh`xyiq yj
ln} do`cn} li Liy}+ Kín cè jhonq mqoji qiokhk|i kh iswiqoåkmoh cyjhkh cnei ij loh, ln xyi n y}n ij tnfh lh
wqnth moqmyk}|hkmoh`, wnqxyi ij kntik|h i knti wnq mik|n ln} mh}n} }i tiqodomh wn}|iqonqjik|i }iq i`h
ok|ioqhjik|i dh`}h+ H`fyjh} tiui} h tiqlhli kykmh ï mnkcimolh wi`h wiqmiwæín is|iqonq+
Wnq o}}n, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kikcyj lhxyi`i} xyi wqnmyqhj h @yu }i mnk}|o|yh ij eyou li ny|qn do`cn li
Liy}+
]ywnkchjn}, hfnqh, xyi h`fyïj xyi hjijn} jyo|n whqiæh i}|hq |njhkln mhjokcn mnjw`i|hjik|i iqqhln+
Xyi dhqoh n jykln ij wqojioqn `yfhq> Wnq toh li qifqh, wüq*}i*oh h ey`fhq i h mqo|omhq+ N hysê`on jho} idomhu
xyi wnli i litiqè }iq lhln h yjh |h` wi}}nh wnq |nln} hxyi`i} xyi i}|iehj h whq lh} moqmyk}|ákmoh} ï
liqqhjhq |nln n }iy hjnq i }o`ikmon}hjik|i louiq5 &!IY ]NY& Liy} ij Hæín, h õkomh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i H|otolhli
xyi mnk|qn`h i}|i oqjín ny oqjí!+ Mnk|okyhq h dh`hq }o`ikmon}hjik|i ç mnk}moåkmoh li}}i }iq ï h jhonq heylh
wn}}êti` xyi }i `ci wnli lhq+
Jyo|h} tiui} n dh|n li hltiq|oq*}i tiqah`jik|i yj oklotêlyn mqoh yj i}|hln li hk|hfnko}jn, ok|ik}odomhkln,
ij tiu li is|okfyoq, h h|otolhli xyi n |qhah`cn ij }o`åkmon, mnj ha}n`y|h miq|iuh, qih`ouhqoh+
Kokfyïj, kh mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh, |ij wn}}oao`olhli li }haiq n xyi h !Wqi}ikæh li Liy} &IY ]NY& ! kn ny|qn
oklotêlyn wqi|ikli dhuiq+ I}}h} }ín tiqlhli} to|ho} xyi, }i dn}}ij }y}|ik|hlh}, |qhqohj yjh fqhkli whu ç
iso}|åkmoh li |nln}+
Jyo|h} tolh}, hwi}hq li }iy} i}dnqæn} kn} kifýmon}, }i hqqyokhqhj wnqxyi, kh mnk}moåkmoh ln} oklotêlyn}
iktn`toln}, cè ey`fhjik|n, mik}yqh ny yj }ik|ojik|n li ýlon lo}}ojy`hln ij qi`hæín hn} ny|qn}+
N lo}mêwy`n ny xyh`xyiq oklotêlyn xyi wqi|iklh wqnfqiloq qhwolhjik|i kh @yu, kín litiqè ehjho} hlnqjimiq
}ij |iq mnk}moik|ijik|i ijo|oln hjnq h |nlh wi}}nh xyi }ok|h |å*`n wqieylomhln ij xyh`xyiq ïwnmh+ I}|i
wik}hjik|n li hjnq whq|oqè, loqi|n mnjn yjh d`imch, whqh h mnk}moåkmoh ln ny|qn oklotêlyn wnqxyi kín wnli
}iq li|oln, `è fiqhkln }yh xyh`olhli i wnliq, xyi tn`|hqín h tý} |ín }ifyqhjik|i mnjn oqqhloh}|i}+
Kín cè |h`tiu yj õkomn i`ijik|n |ín qi}wnk}èti` wnq |hk|h} mnkloæùi} lnik|oh}, ln mnqwn i lh jik|i, mnjn n
}ik|ojik|n li ýlon ijo|oln mnk|qh yj ny|qn oklotêlyn+ Kín }i wnli li}mqitiq mnjn i}}i }ik|ojik|n qihfi
mnk|qh h jik|i i n mnqwn li xyij n ijo|i+ Ij yk}, wqnlyuoqè yj miq|n idio|n, ij ny|qn}, yj idio|n hoklh
lotiq}n+ Xyi }ieh mnjwqiikloln hxyo xyi n qi}}ik|ojik|n ï yjh lh} dnqjh} li ýlon, wnqïj ij fqhy jiknq+
Yj wik}hjik|n ai`ê}}ojn whqh ki`i }i totiq ï5 !IY ]NY n Wik}hjik|n i ]ik|ojik|n mqohlnqi} wiqdio|n},
wqi}ik|i} ij |nlh} h} jik|i} i mnqhæùi} li |nln} i ij |nln} n} `yfhqi}!+ Ï jhqhto`cn}n+ Kín }ý |qhu }n}}ifn
i whu mnjn |hjaïj `oaiqh aikidêmon} o`ojo|hln} lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
Ny|qn wik}hjik|n ï5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h @io lh Lotokh Ey}|oæh i Wqn|iæín h|yhkln kh} jik|i} i mnqhæùi} li
|nln}!+ Wnlio} hw`omhq i y}hq o}}n mnj iknqji dnqæh i wnliq ij |nlh} h} moqmyk}|ákmoh}!+ Hoklh ny|qn5 !IY
]NY n Hjnq Lotokn, wqiikmcikln h} jik|i} i n} mnqhæùi} ln} oklotêlyn} ij |nln} n} `yfhqi}!+
\yln kh tolh wqè|omh lh cyjhkolhli wnli }iq fntiqkhlh wi`h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ N y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! ï h jho} I`ithlh H|otolhli xyi wnli }iq |qhk}jo|olh+ Xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY!, wnkli} Liy} ij
Hæín2 cè wnqïj, yjh hth`ohæín jhonq whqh i}}h iswqi}}ín, xyi mnjwqiikliqio} xyhkln }ik|oqli} i
mnkcimiqli} h fqhkliuh li}|h hdoqjhæín !IY ]NY n Wnliq li Liy} \nln*Wnliqn}n!+ Kín cè ny|qn wnliq
mhwhu li hfoq+ Xyhkln louio} i }ik|o} o}}n, ik|ín `oaiq|ho} i li}wqiklio} h W`ikh H|otolhli li Liy}+
Ny|qh hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h jijýqoh mnk}moik|i, n y}n i h mnjwqiik}ín kn ijwqifn li}}h} mno}h}!+ Xyhkln
louio}5 !H Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY ji ti}|i mnj n jiy i|iqkn, |qhk}miklik|i |qhei li @yu!, o}}n qih`jik|i }i
tiqodomh kn ji}jn ok}|hk|i+
!H jnqhlh }imqi|h ln H`|ê}}ojn! ï i}|h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ H} mno}h} }hfqhlh} xyi tn} }ín qiti`hlh} kín
litij }iq i}xyimolh} wnqxyi }ín mnjn wïqn`h}+ ]haio }ijwqi5 !IY ]NY n ixyo`êaqon wiqdio|n li `okfyhfij i
li hæín ij |nlh} h} nmh}oùi}, wnqxyi IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Wqn|i|nqh!+ Ik|ín, h fyhqlh wqn|i|nqh i}|hqè }ijwqi
h`iq|h+
Whqh mnk|qn`hq yj hkojh` litio} ijwqifhq h hdoqjhæín5 !IY i}|ny hxyo, IY i}|ny `è, nqlikh }o`åkmon!2 ny
wnlio} n`chq ij }iy} n`cn} i nqlikhq xyi n Hjnq li Liy} n mnk|qn`i+
H Ikiqfoh li Liy} i}|è }ijwqi i}wiqhkln whqh }iq loqofolh+ Okiqik|i ç iswqi}}ín !IY ]NY!, i}|è mnk|olh h
h|otolhli hy|n* }y}|ik|hlnqh+ Wnq o}}n, }haio} xyi n |ijwn kín iso}|i+ O}}n tn} `ith ç hæín ok}|hk|ákih, i tn}}h
wqimowo|hæín miln |iqè `yfhq+ ]ijwqi hk|i} li yjh jhkodi}|hæín, }ik|oqio} hxyi`h mh`jh ha}n`y|h+
Hdoqjhæùi} |qhk}miklik|i} whqh xyij i}|otiq iktn`toln ij wqnmi}}n eylomoh`5

==
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

!IY ]NY h @io!+

!IY ]NY h Ey}|oæh!
!IY ]NY n Eyou!
!IY ]NY n Eõqo!+

]haikln xyi !IY ]NY ï \nln*Wnliqn}n!, hdoqjho xyi ykomhjik|i h Ey}|oæh Lotokh wnli }i jhkodi}|hq }naqi
h xyi}|ín+

=<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ikiqfoh Oki}fn|èti`
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh @yjokn}h( IY ]NY !IY ]NY! n Wnliq Mnkxyo}|hlnq+ IY ]NY !IY
]NY! n Qhlohk|i I}w`iklnq xyi wqiikmci |nlh} h} mno}h} ij jhkodi}|hæín+ IY ]NY !IY ]NY! h Tolh xyi
d`yo h|qhtï} li |nlh jhkodi}|hæín+ IY ]NY !IY ]NY! h Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi fntiqkh |nlh h|otolhli, Ok|iqonq, i
is|iqonq, |nqkhkln*h yjh H|otolhli Wiqdio|h+ Lh \yh @yu, !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&, xyi &IY ]NY! |nlh}
h} mno}h} }ín wqimowo|hlh} kh dnqjh+ IY ]NY !IY ]NY! h Ikiqfoh oki}fn|èti`, fntiqkhlh wi`h \yh
Jhqhto`cn}h i Okdoko|h Ok|i`ofåkmoh+ Hmikli n Mik|qn xyi O`yjokh lik|qn li}}i} mnqwn}, xyi i}|ín }na i}|h
Qhlohæín+ Iswhkli i}}h @yu kh W`ikh O`yjokhæín ln mnqwn i lh jik|i, i`ithkln*h ç \yh H|oth, Wiqdio|h i
I|iqkh Qnywhfij+
Wnliqn}h @yu( @hkæh \iy} Qhon} kn} mnqhæùi} ln} cyjhkn}, ij |nln} n} mhqfn} wõa`omn}, nqlikhkln xyi h
Ey}|oæh, h O`yjokhæín i h Wiqdioæín li \o Ji}jh }i jhkodi}|ij |qhuikln h`êton, `oaiqlhli i* @yu whqh h
cyjhkolhli, i wnq \iy Wqokmêwon Fntiqkhk|i nqlikh |yln kh h|otolhli cyjhkh is|iqonq h wqi}|hq nailoåkmoh+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i ln} ]iqi} Hjhln} xyi }ijwqi tofohj i joko}|qhj hxyi`i} myeh
litnæín N} h`mhkæh+
LO]MYQ]N
Hwý} }ïmy`n} li h|otolhli, Ký} mcifhjn} hn wnk|n dnmh` ij xyi h} iswiqoåkmoh} lh} olhli} ik|qhj ij hæín
ok}|hk|ákih, ij xyi |nln n |ijwn i i}whæn }i |nqkhj h !Wqi}ikæh Ykh!, Liy} ij Hæín hfnqh+
]haikln xyi I`h ï h !Wqi}ikæh li Liy} IY ]NY! xyi dhu wh`wo|hq tn}}n mnqhæín, ik|ín }haio} xyi ï wnq ]iy
ok|iqjïlon xyi h Tnu li Liy} dh`h2 i ç jilolh xyi jilo|hqli} }naqi h Fqhkli Tiqlhli5 !IY ]NY h ]ywqijh
H|otolhli Ok|i`ofik|i h|qhtï} li jokch jik|i i mnqhæín! `ithqio} n tiqlhlioqn i dolilofkn }ik|ojik|n lotokn
hn mnqhæín+
Li}li cè jyo|n n} cyjhkn} |åj hjhln hwikh} kh wiqodiqoh ln mêqmy`n+ Yjh tiu xyi n i}|ylhk|i }i |nqkh
qih`jik|i mnk}moik|i li xyi Liy} ï Hjnq, i xyi h Tiqlhlioqh H|otolhli ln Hjnq }i isiqmi h|qhtï} ln
mnqhæín, mnjwqiikliqè xyi dnmh`ouhq h h|ikæín kn li}ien li wqnei|hq Hjnq, mnj xyh`xyiq wqnwý}o|n, ï n
wqoto`ïfon }ywqijn lh h|otolhli is|iqkh lh mnk}moåkmoh, xyi wnli fiqhq Hjnq ij fqhy o`ojo|hln+ H
cyjhkolhli kín mnjwqiikliy h|ï hfnqh xyi n Hjnq Lotokn ï yj Wnliq, yjh Wqi}ikæh, yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh,
yjh @yu xyi wnli }iq h|oæhlh h|ï }i |qhk}dnqjhq kyjh dnfyioqh o`ojo|hlh2 xyi i}|è kh ok|i`ofåkmoh mnk}moik|i
li |nlh wi}}nh, i}wimoh`jik|i ln} i}|ylhk|i} lh @yu, mqohq i fiqhq i}}h !Wqi}ikæh li Hjnq! li dnqjh h |nqkè*
`h yjh oktikmêti`, oki}fn|èti` !Wqi}ikæh! whmodomhlnqh, }ieh nkli dnq xyi h mnk}moåkmoh ln oklotêlyn li}iei
mnklyuê*`h+
Dno lo|n h`fyqi} xyi !hn Hjnq kín }i lè nqlik}+ ! Iy tn} lofn+ !Hjnq ï n Wqokmêwon Dyklhjik|h` lh Tolh i
wnli }iq fiqhlh ij xyh`xyiq fqhy, ny }ij `ojo|i h`fyj, whqh y}n okdoko|n!+ \h` ï n jhei}|n}n wqoto`ïfon ln
y}n i loqiæín mnk}moik|i} ln Hjnq+
Xyhkln lofn !fiqhq!, }ofkodomh haqoq h wnq|h, h|qhtï} lh litnæín mnk}moik|i, whqh n is|qhth}hjik|n li}}h
oki}fn|èti` dnk|i li Hjnq Lotokn, xyi ï n Mnqhæín li tn}}n ]iq * n Mnqhæín ln Ykotiq}n+
N} lo}mêwy`n}, wi`h mnk|ijw`hæín li}|i Wnliq Okdoko|n ln Hjnq, |nqkhj*}i yj jhkhkmoh` whqh n ]iy
is|qhth}hjik|n, h |h` wnk|n xyi `ci} }iqè wn}}êti` y}è*`n li jnln wiqiki loqofokln*n mnk}moik|ijik|i+
Xyhkln jiy} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n} li}iehqij `oaiq|hq*}i qhwolhjik|i li miq|h} nmnqqåkmoh} ln`nqn}h} ny li
h`fyjh h|otolhli is|iqkh, wn}}n hwikh} qimnjiklhq h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi nqlikh, h Ikiqfoh
oki}fn|èti`, h ]hailnqoh Lotokh, dhuikln mnj xyi jiy li}ien }ieh myjwqoln!+ O}|n |qhqè h jho} qèwolh
`oaiq|hæín li xyh`xyiq mnkloæín okli}ieèti`, xyi h wqýwqoh @io ln tn}}n ]iq wn}}h wiqjo|oq+ Moik|i lo}}n,
wnlio} hoklh louiq5 !Kh Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY hfnqh wiqjhkiæn, okh|okfoln wnq |nlh mnkloæín is|iqkh
wiq|yqahlnqh+ ]iqikn, mqyun n} aqhæn} i mnkdon kh hæín wiqdio|h lh @io Lotokh i kh Ey}|oæh ln jiy ]iq,
nqlikhkln xyi |yln n xyi i}|otiq kn ok|iqonq ln jiy mêqmy`n hwhqiæh kh wiqdio|h Nqlij Lotokh!+
I}|i ï n jhonq wqoto`ïfon ln lo}mêwy`n i litiqoh }iq }ijwqi }yh ok}woqhæín+ Hxyo loqio h`fyjh mno}h xyi wnliqè
}iq jyo|n ikmnqhehlnqh, i i}wiqn xyi n }ieh5 |nln lo}mêwy`n xyi }i i}dnqæh }iqohjik|i wnq h|okfoq h @yu i}|è
}ikln ikqoeimoln, |h` mnjn wqiwhqho} n hæn xyi ï jho} qoen, lyqh jho}, qi}o}|i ji`cnq h |yln i ï n jho} dnq|i+
O}}n ï n xyi h iswiqoåkmoh lh tolh wqnwnqmonkh hn oklotêlyn+ Xyhkln i`i hk}ioh wnq }i `oaiq|hq i hwi}hq lo}}n
hwhqimij iswiqoåkmoh} wikn}h}, ï n dnq|h`imojik|n ln mhqè|iq xyi }i doqjh i xyi `ci lè, hdokh`, h wiqdio|h i
i|iqkh Ji}|qoh }naqi |nlh} h} mno}h} is|iqkh}+ I`i wnli, mnj h ish|h mnjwqiik}ín li}}i wnk|n, mh`jhjik|i
qifnuoehq*}i mnj h iswiqoåkmoh xyi `ci wiqjo|i tn`|hq* }i i hmnkmcifhq*}i ç F`nqon}h, Jhqhto`cn}h !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!+
Wnq o}}n, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kykmh tn} li}i}wiqio} ij jion ç} wqnth} xyi h`fyjh} tiui} whqimij tn}
nwqojoq wi}hlhjik|i2 jh} h`ifqho*tn}, wnqxyi mhlh wh}}n whqh h dqik|i mnklyu h i}}h I|iqkh Ji|h xyi kín
|ij li }iq qiwi|olh+ Xyi n lo}mêwy`n qimnqli dqixðik|ijik|i h }ifyok|i hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h dnqæh, h
mnqhfij, n wnliq li hthkæhq mnj doqjiuh h|qhtï} li |nlh} h} iswiqoåkmoh}, }iehj i`h} xyho} dnqij, i

=9
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
mnk|okyhq ij h`ifqi ish`|hæín i}woqo|yh`, w`ikh li whu i chqjnkoh ij |nln} n} jnjik|n}, wi`h F`nqon}h
Wqi}ikæh xyi IY ]NY!+
Whqh n h|`i|h, n okêmon lh lo}wy|h ï yjh f`nqon}h hk|imowhæín jh}, ç jilolh xyi i`i h`mhkæh h ji|h i xyi n
hltiq}èqon }i hwqnsojh, ijwqifh |nln} n} i}dnqæn}, }yh qi}woqhæín |nqkh*}i myq|h i, mnj yj õ`|ojn hqqhkmn,
|qhk}wùi h `okch lh to|ýqoh+ N ji}jn }i tiqodomh mnj n} lo}mêwy`n} kh ]iklh+ I`i} }haij xyi mnj n ijwqifn
lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! kín wnlij dqhmh}}hq+ Li jnln xyi litij hwikh} hwiq|hq n mok|n, wqiwhqhq*}i whqh n
xyi dnq wqimo}n, i mnj yj hmikn li jín louiq hliy} hn hltiq}èqon+
Jho} di`ou xyi n h|`i|h, n i}|ylhk|i }hai, li}li n okomon, xyi kín wnli dqhmh}}hq wnqxyi5 !IY ]NY h
Oki}fn|èti` Ikiqfoh i Ok|i`ofåkmoh }y}|ik|hkln*ji!+
N wnliq li wqimowo|hæín i}|è mnk|oln kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ O}|n liti }iq `ijaqhln }ijwqi5 !&IY ]NY& n
Wqokmêwon To|h` ki}|i jiy mnqwn2 ij |nlh h whq|i, h|ï kn mnqhæín li Liy}, ]ny h ok|i`ofåkmoh
Fntiqkhk|i ln Ykotiq}n+ @nfn, xyhkln iy xyo}iq wqimowo|hq n xyi xyiq xyi }ieh, }io xyi5 &IY ]NY& n Wnliq
h|yhk|i, &IY ]NY& h ok|i`ofåkmoh loqofik|i+ &IY ]NY& h ]ya}|ákmoh xyi i}|è }ikln y|o`ouhlh i |qhfn*h hfnqh ç
jhkodi}|hæín to}êti` whqh n jiy y}n!+
Wnkliqhq }naqi h dqh}i xyi hmhah li }iq ikykmohlh |nqkhqè n lo}mêwy`n mhwhu li ik|qhq ki}|h h|otolhli }ij
i}dnqæn ny hk}oilhli+
H xyi}|ín xyi |hk|h} tiui} }i lidqnk|h mnj n} lo}mêwy`n}, kn Wnliq li Wqimowo|hæín, ï h ln lokcioqn+ H
wqojioqh wiqfyk|h5 !Mnjn wnliqè }iq wqimowo|hln i}}i lokcioqn }ij ok|iqdiqoq ny y`|qhwh}}hq n `ojo|i
li|iqjokhln wi`n \i}nyqn Khmonkh`>! Li}li xyi }i i}|hai`imiy n lokcioqn mnjn whlqín li |qnmh ah}ihlh ij
`h}|qn nyqn, xyi ï, wnq h}}oj louiq, h fhqhk|oh li |nlh h ijo}}ín, liti }iq `ijaqhln xyi |ij chtoln yj
kõjiqn li li}h}|qi} xyh}i okmnk|èti`, li yjh dnqjh ny li ny|qh, i h|qhtï} ln} xyho} n nyqn aij mnjn
ijo}}ùi} li lokcioqn |åj }oln wiqloln}+ Ao`cùi} li lý`hqi} |åj li}hwhqimoln li}|i jnln+ Lh ji}jh jhkioqh,
li}hwhqimiqhj jo`chqi} li |nki`hlh} li nyqn li lotiq}n} whê}i}, }yajiq}h} kn nmihkn ny ik|iqqhlh} kh}
wqndykliuh} wnq mh|hm`o}jn}+ Wnq|hk|n, mnjn h wqimowo|hæín ï dio|h ln hq, xyi ï nyqn ij }iy i}|hln kh|yqh`, h
wqimowo|hæín |iqoh xyi iso}|oq ij iknqji} xyhk|olhli}, hk|i} li }i `ithk|hq xyh`xyiq lõtolh xyhk|n ç }yh
`ifh`olhli+ Jho} dqixðik|ijik|i, ik|qi|hk|n, n nyqn ï wqimowo|hln kn }iy i}|hln kh|yqh` i, wnq|hk|n, }ijwqi
`ifh` ij }iy y}n+
Mnjn n jykln |ij ndiqimoln qimnjwik}h} whqh xyi }iehj wqnlyuolh} jhonqi} xyhk|olhli} li Nyqn, wnq xyi
kín wqimowo|è*`n i aikidomohq n jykln wi`n }iy y}n> Jh}, kín Ji mnk}oliqhqio qi}wnk}èti` wi`h} wiqfyk|h}
xyi }iqín dio|h} xyhkln n wqimowo|hqli}, wnqxyi kín dhuio} olïoh ln xyi }ieh h myqon}olhli lh jik|i is|iqkh
xyhkln h|qhê} }yh h|ikæín whqh n nyqn+ Iy tn} hdoqjn xyi n is|iqkn ojiloh|hjik|i }i okd`hjh hn }haiq xyi
wn}}yê} yjh jokh li nyqn+ H wqntèti` oklhfhæín xyi tikchj h dhuiq }naqi h wqnmilåkmoh ln nyqn ï hwikh}
yjh dnqjh }y|o` li okxyoqoæín, h doj li li}mnaqoq tn}}h dnk|i i hwqntio|hq*}i li`h+ Jokch nwokoín ï xyi litio}
qi}wnkliq h i}|h wiqfyk|h h}}oj5 !Hxyo i}|è n nyqn+ Hn }ikcnq kín ojwnq|h nkli n hlxyoqo, hkh`o}ho*n, }i kín
dnq mij wnq mik|n wnlio} qimy}è*`n+ ]i dnq, }no} naqofhln h qimiaå*`n }ifykln h @io ln tn}}n fntiqkn!+
Mnk|yln, kín i}xyiæhj xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ï xyij fntiqkh i}}h wqimowo|hæín li nyqn i n dhu moqmy`hq
`otqijik|i+

=4
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Liy} Cojh`hoh
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, Oqjín @yjokn}n tokln ln Fqhkli ]o`åkmon( Ký} \i }hylhjn} i hn \iy Joko}|ïqon kh
\iqqh, i mnjn \y lim`hqh}|i qih`ouhq \yh Ik|qhlh kn loh li cnei, n} xyi }i hmchqij }na I}|h Qhlohæín domhqín
h|ik|n} ç \yh Wqi}ikæh, Nc, Fqhkli @yu, xyi o`yjokh} |nlh} h} jik|i} |iqqikh}, |nqkhkln*h} mnk}moik|i} lh
I|iqkh Wqi}ikæh Ykh, lh Ok|i`ofåkmoh Ykh xyi Fntiqkh |nlh h h|otolhli !IY ]NY!* oklotolyh`ouhlh ij |nlh
whki+
Ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} i qiklijn} fqhæh} wnq chtiq }njik|i Yjh Ok|i`ofåkmoh fntiqkhkln ij |nlh whki, i n
litiq ln i}|ylhk|i ï hmio|hq }ijwqi i ykomhjik|i i}|i dh|n, }ij }i wqinmywhq mnj h hwhqåkmoh, whqh xyi }i
|nqki yj mhkh` qhlohk|i xyi liqqhji I}|h Tiqlhli, mnjn yjh dnk|i ijhkhk|i liqqhjhkln*}i kn Fqhkli
Nmihkn lh Tolh+ Ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} i qiklijn} fqhæh} wnq |iq }hêln ln ]o`åkmon yjh ny|qh Wqi}ikæh xyi
haikænhqè, i`ithqè i o`yjokhqè h cyjhkolhli+ Wi`n Wnliq ln !IY ]NY! i wi`h ]hailnqoh i Ikiqfoh
hmyjy`hlh} lyqhk|i }ïmy`n}, Iy wqnei|n kh} jik|i} ln} cyjhkn}, ki}|i loh, i}|h H|otolhli Ok|i`ofik|i xyi n}
fyohqè kn mhjokcn qi|n i mnk|qn`hqè whqh xyi hehj ki}}h mnkdnqjolhli+
Wi`n !IY]NY!, n !Ykotiq}h` &IY]NY& !, n Fqhkli Ykn, iy nqlikn h i}}i Wnliq hfoq ij |nlh h cyjhkolhli+
\qhfh*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i i ln Fqhkli Ji}|qi Cojh`hh+
LIY] COJH@H_H
I}|h ï h wqojioqh tiu xyi h Wqi}ikæh li}|h @yjokn}h Ik|olhli mcifh hn mnkcimojik|n ln jykln is|iqonq+ Dno
wnq ]yh mhy}h xyi h} Jnk|hkch} Cojh`hh qimiaiqhj i}}i knji+ H}}oj, li}li xyi }i |nqkhqhj mnkcimolh}
|åj }oln yjh ]hfqhlh i okh`|iqèti` Mnqqik|i li Tolh, wiqikijik|i jhk|olh+ Wnq i}}h qhuín, h} h`jh} xyi
ik|qhthj ij }yh qhlohæín iqhj mn`colh} i i`ithlh} ç ykoín mnj h dnqjh dy`fyqhk|i ln Liy} Cojh`hh, i
li}li hxyi`i |ijwn ]iy} Qhon} li h|otolhli }ín iktohln} whqh myqhq i aikidomohq h cyjhkolhli+ Li}|i dh|n
liqoth n fqhkli jhfki|o}jn ln \oai|i+
LO]MYQ]N
Wnq i}|hqij n} li}|okn} lh êkloh i lh Hjïqomh ik|qi`hæhln} mnjn lyh} tolioqh} moqmyklhkln h !Èqtnqi lh
Tolh!, qi}}yqfi cnei h qhlohk|i heylh whqh wqnmyqhq chqjnkouhq h} jik|i} lh Hjïqomh, h doj li xyi n }iy
wqnfqi}}n mnk|okyi li}ijahqhæhln i okok|iqqyw|n+
Wqi}ik|ijik|i cè qiikmhqkhln} kh Hjïqomh jo`chqi} li oklotêlyn} wqnmilik|i} lh êkloh, h}}oj mnjn i}|ín
qiikmhqkhkln kh êkloh jo`chqi} li hjiqomhkh} mnkmnqqikln mhlh yj li`i}, ki}}h ji}m`h, whqh n wqnmi}}n
ixyo`oaqhk|i qixyiqoln ki}}h} lyh} whq|i} ln f`nan+
I}|h Fqhkli Ik|olhli xyi tn} dno hwqi}ik|hlh, liwno} li |iq i}|hln jyo|n} }ïmy`n} kn Fqhkli ]o`åkmon, li`i
}ho knthjik|i whqh ijwikchq*}i ki}}i wqnmi}}n mnk}moik|i li jo}|yqhq I}wêqo|n i jhkodi}|hæín, ndiqimikln*
tn} n Mè`omi li Dnfn @êxyoln I}woqo|yh` i liqqhjhkln*n kn} mnqhæùi} cyjhkn} whqh xyi }ieh i}|ojy`hlh
lik|qn li`i} i}}h w`iko|yli ln li}ien li jhonq @yu wqntikoik|i lh Fqhkli Dnk|i li @yu !IY ]NY!, Liy} ij
Hæín ij |nlh whq|i+
H tn`|h li}}h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh ç h|otolhli eyk|n hn} }iqi} cyjhkn} }i i}|ikliqè mnjn yj don li @yu h|qhtï}
li |nln n mnk|okik|i hjiqomhkn, iswhklokln ]yh Wqi}ikæh @yjokn}h mnjn yj jhk|n li dokn} d`nmn} li kiti
lnyqhlh+ I`h }iqè ha}nqtolh wi`h} jik|i} cyjhkh}2 mnkxyhk|n h jhonqoh wiqjhkiæh okmnk}moik|i, chtiqè
h`fyk} xyi }ik|oqín h Wiki|qhk|i Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq+
]i n} xyi i}|ín }na i}|h qhlohæín mnk|okyhqij mnj n }iy chqjnkon}n i ai`n wqnfqi}}n h|yh`, lik|qn ij aqiti
}iqè wn}}êti` dnmh`ouhq*`ci} h h|ikæín }naqi miq|h} h|otolhli} ln d`yoln kiqtn}n, xyi hwqi}}hqín }yh ji}|qoh
}naqi h dnqjh is|iqonq, o}|n ï, h ji}|qoh }naqi |nlh} h} mnkloæùi}, xyi hwhqik|ijik|i n} `ojo|hj+
Ti`ho myolhln}hjik|i, mhlh yj li tý} i li tn}}n} lo}mêwy`n}, h doj li xyi i}|ieho} ij fyhqlh whqh oktiq|iq
|nlh} h} mnkloæùi} kifh|oth} xyi }i hwqi}ik|hqij hn} }ik|oln}+ Whqh isijw`odomhq5 }i n} }ik|oln} mnjykomhj
dqon, oktiq|io tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh i hdoqjho xyi }ik|o} mh`nq+ ]i n} }ik|oln} mnjykomhj xyi cè jyo|n mh`nq,
oktiq|io* n mnj h }ik}hæín li wiqdio|h dqi}myqh knqjh`+ ]i n} }ik|oln} tn} mnjykomhj yjh h`ifqoh
hqqiah|hlnqh wnq mhy}h li yjh anh kn|êmoh, louio5 !Whu2 hmh`jh*|i!+ Kín mnktïj dnqæhq n ixyo`êaqon h`|iqhkln
h @io ln Qo|jn+ Li|iqjokho h mh`jh, n qiwny}n i h }ifyqhkæh+ N olih`, ij |nlh} h} ojwqi}}ùi} ln} }ik|oln}, ï
jhk|iq*}i kn !mhjokcn ln jion!, n ixyo`êaqon, mnk}iqthkln }ijwqi h |qhkxðo`h ji}|qoh ln !IY ]NY!+ O}|n
wiqjo|oqè n i}|hai`imojik|n li yj mnk}|hk|i hd`ysn li olïoh} mqohlnqh} i li ikiqfoh, whq|okln ln Mnqhæín ln
Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh`, li nkli }yqfoy i}|i Fqhkli ]iq, n Liy} Cojh`hh+ O}}n tn} |nqkhqè wn}}êti` qimiaiq i
y}hq okdoko|hjik|i jho} i}}h ikiqfoh qhlohk|i xyi l&I`i ijhkh+ H qhuín li h|qhoq tn}}h h|ikæín mnk}moik|i whqh
I`i ï xyi, }i mnjwqiiklio} n xyi |h` dh|n }ofkodomh, wnlio} qimiaiq o`ojo|hlhjik|i wnq ]yh Ikiqfoh, h`ïj ln
xyi mnk}ifyo} wnq tn}}n i}dnqæn mnk}moik|i+
N} lo}mêwy`n} litij mnjwqiikliq xyi kín }iqè wnq }yh okomoh|oth oklotolyh` xyi n} Ji}|qi} }i hwqnsojhqín,
jh} I}|i} ï xyi i}mn`cij n} i}|ylhk|i} xyi oqín qimiaiq h Qhlohæín, yj wqoto`ïfon myen tiqlhlioqn
}ofkodomhln h} wh`htqh} }ín ok|ioqhjik|i okhlixyhlh} whqh |qhk}jo|oq+ Kh tiqlhli, }njik|i wnli }iq }ik|oln ny

=6
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
to}|n+ Hoklh jho}, litiqín mnjwqiikliq xyi kín mhai hn Ji}|qi h}}yjoq }yh qi}wnk}hao`olhli, qi}n`tikln
}iy} wqna`ijh}, jh} }oj |qhk}jo|oq* `ci} mnjwqiik}ín ok|i`ofik|i, xyi wnlij hw`omhq kh} }yh} wqýwqoh} tolh}
whqh }n`ymonkhq i}}i} wqna`ijh}+ Li}}h jhkioqh, hlxyoqij h dnqæh, h mnqhfij i h mnkdohkæh kimi}}èqoh} whqh
mnk|okyhq h }yaoq wh}}n h wh}}n, mnkxyo}|hkln h ji}|qoh mnk}moik|i }naqi n wqýwqon }iq i n jykln is|iqonq+
Ij li|iqjokhln} jnjik|n} ln mqi}mojik|n i}woqo|yh`, nytojn} ism`hjhq n} lo}mêwy`n} hjoõli mnj fqhkli
}okmiqolhli5 !Fqhkli} Ji}|qi}, heylho*kn} h qi}n`tiq kn}}n} wqna`ijh}(! Whqh tn}}n ikmnqhehjik|n i dnqæh,
li}ien louiq xyi, jyo|n jho} ln xyi }i wn}}h mnkmiaiq, ï h Qhlohk|i Wqi}ikæh ln Ji}|qi xyi liqqhjh Dnqæh,
Mnqhfij, Mnkdohkæh i @yu, i o}|n n} i}|ylhk|i}, kh jhonqoh ln} mh}n}, kín wiqmiaij kh mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh+
]ý cè yj jion wi`n xyh` wnli h`fyïj, xyi |ikch }hailnqoh, wqi}|hq hysê`on wiqjhkik|i5 ï ok}|qyoq
mnk}moik|ijik|i }iy} oqjín} kh} }ojw`i} `io} xyi `ci} lhqín h to|ýqoh i n lnjêkon }naqi n wqýwqon }iq i n
jykln is|iqonq+
Dhuiq wi`n lo}mêwy`n hxyo`n li xyi i`i wqimo}h whqh qi}n`tiq }iy} wqna`ijh}, kín hwikh} qi|hqlhqoh }iy
wqnfqi}}n mnjn n ikdqhxyimiqoh ojik}hjik|i+ ]ý wi`h hdoqjhæín lh wqýwqoh dnqæh mnk}moik|i, h`mhkæhkln
to|ýqoh} i wnq|hk|n hlxyoqokln h mnkdohkæh, xyi li ny|qh jhkioqh kín tij, ï xyi n lo}mêwy`n ik|qh kh w`iko|yli
li }iy} wqýwqon} wnliqi}+ Mnj n ijwqifn mnk}moik|i li }yh Wnliqn}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, n lo}mêwy`n
hthkæh, }ij thmo`hq, ij loqiæín ç ji|h lh to|ýqoh+
H qhuín li kín okdnqjhqjn} hn lo}mêwy`n }naqi h h}}o}|åkmoh xyi `ci wn}}hjn} i}|hq wqi}|hkln, ï ito|hq xyi
i`i tikch h }i dohq kyjh dnk|i is|iqkh+ Louiq ny dhuiq hxyo`n xyi `ith}}i n lo}mêwy`n h hwnohq*}i ij Ký}, wnq
}haiq lh kn}}h Wqi}ikæh, }iqoh n jhonq iqqn xyi wnliqêhjn} mnji|iq2 jh} n lo}mêwy`n kykmh liti qimihq, i
wqimo}h ik|ikliq xyi }ijwqi `ci ï lhlh |nlh h h}}o}|åkmoh wn}}êti`, li hmnqln mnj n fqhy li hlohk|hjik|n wnq
i`i h|okfoln+
H !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, h Cn}|i ln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln} i n Ji}|qi Ei}y} }ín |nln} yjh i ji}jh mno}h+
Jilohk|i n qimnkcimojik|n i y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Iy tn} h}}ifyqn5 wnlio}, wn}o|othjik|i, |qhuiq
xyh`xyiq xyh`olhli xyi li}iehqli} ç jhkodi}|hæín mnk}moik|i is|iqkh, }i hwikh} li}ieho} dhuå*`n+
N xyi |nln} kimi}}o|hj ï |qhuiq mnk|okyhjik|i ç `ijaqhkæh lh mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh, xyi hn louiq5 !IY ]NY
o}|n! ny !IY ]NY hxyo`n!, wùij Liy} ij Hæín, xyi ï h }yh tolh oklotolyh`ouhlh, h Tolh ln Ykotiq}n, h
Ikiqfoh ln Ykotiq}n, h Ok|i`ofåkmoh kn mnqhæín ln Ykotiq}n, xyi |yln fntiqkh+ Ï kimi}}èqon, ï to|h`, qimnqlhq
mnk}|hk|ijik|i i}|h Tiqlhli ç mnk}moåkmoh is|iqonq+ I}|h mnk}moåkmoh, ik|ín, jhkodi}|hqè ik|y}oh}jn i eõao`n
xyi oqín hyjik|hkln mnk|okyhjik|i+ Kín litiqoh chtiq, ehjho}, yj i}jnqimojik|n kn wqhuiq li}|h wqè|omh,
wno} ï i`h wn}o|othjik|i h ]iklh lh Ji}|qoh W`ikh+ N} lo}mêwy`n} litij |iq h doqji mnktomæín li xyi }ín n
Wnliq Mnk}moik|i xyi mnk|qn`h }yh} tolh} i }iy jykln, i xyi wnli wqiikmcå*`n} mnj xyh`xyiq xyh`olhli xyi
}i douiq kimi}}èqoh, ny xyi tikchj h i}mn`ciq+
Hxyi`i} xyi }ndqij li lo}|õqaon} dê}omn} ok|iqjo|ik|i} litiqohj |iq h |nln jnjik|n h mnk}moåkmoh li xyi5
!IY ]NY h qi}woqhæín wiqdio|hjik|i mnk|qn`hlh ln jiy mnqwn!, i ij mnkisín mnj o}}n wqh|omhq
dqixðik|ijik|i h qi}woqhæín qê|jomh+ Lo}|n hltoqè yj miq|n ixyo`êaqon li qi}woqhæín, xyi ï ojik}hjik|i õ|o`
kn mnk|qn`i ln wik}hjik|n+
N} lo}mêwy`n} }okmiqn} litiqohj ito|hq, }ijwqi xyi wn}}êti`, nytoq mno}h} wiq|yqahlnqh}, wnqxyi, h}}oj
wqnmilikln, lioshj jyo|h} tiui} ik|qhq okmnk}moik|ijik|i i`ijik|n} okli}ieètio}+ Xyhkln kín wyliqij,
mnj lo}mqoæín, ito|hq nytoq mno}h} li}}i fåkiqn, litiqín y}hq n }ifyok|i5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Fyhqloí xyi
mnk}nji ojiloh|hjik|i |yln n xyi |ik|i ji wiq|yqahq!+ Li}}h dnqjh, kín }ý tn} wqn|ifiqio}, mnjn |hjaïj
heylhqio} h ny|qh wi}}nh+ Ijanqh kín }i lith |ijiq mno}h h`fyjh, ï kimi}}èqon mnk}iqthq h fyhqlh mnk}moik|i,
h|ï xyi }i |ikch mnk}ifyoln }ydomoik|i ji}|qoh whqh mnk|qn`hq n} wik}hjik|n}, }ik|ojik|n} i h qimiw|otolhli+
Wqnmyqho jhk|iq*tn}, |hk|n xyhk|n wn}}êti`, kn h`ifqi ik|y}oh}jn lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Ik|qifho*`ci |nln n
wnliq i kín wiqjo|o lõtolh} ij tn}}h jik|i+ I}wh`cho |yln hn} xyh|qn tik|n}, ik|qifho |yln i hfyhqlho ]yh}
qiti`hæùi} jèfomh}+ I h jhqhto`cn}h i jo`hfqn}h Wqi}ikæh xyi wnli qi}n`tiq |nlh} h} mno}h}, kín }ý
wqna`ijh} mnjn |hjaïj xyi}|ùi} xyi kimi}}o|ij qiti`hæùi} i qi}wn}|h}+ Yjh fqhklon}h hdoqjhæín, xyi
|qhqoh iknqji heylh, }iqoh louiqij5 !IY ]NY h jo`hfqn}h Wqi}ikæh, |qhah`chkln ij |yln hxyo`n xyi kimi}}o|n
qih`ouhq!+
Whqh n} lo}mêwy`n}, mnk|okyhq ij jilo|hæín i mnk|ijw`hæín }naqi n xyi }ofkodomh louiq !IY! ny !IY ]NY!
|qhu qiti`hæùi} i aåkæín} xyi kín wnlij }iq }ydomoik|ijik|i hth`ohlh}+ I}|ny miq|n li xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} ij
aqiti mnjiæhqín h jhkodi}|hq i h }ik|oq n is|qhnqlokèqon idio|n li}|h wqè|omh+ Iy ji}jn n i}|ny }ik|okln ij
tý}+
Kn} w`hkn} }ywiqonqi} cè yj mnk}|hk|i ikmnk|qn i |qnmh li hysê`on, ikxyhk|n n} mnqwn} lnqjij, jyo|n h`ïj
ln xyi n iy is|iqonq wn}}h |iq mnk}moåkmoh+
]haikln xyi5 !IY ]NY h i}}åkmoh li |yln hxyo`n xyi li}ien!, }haio} ik|ín xyi wnlio} wqnlyuoq, kh dnqjh
|hkfêti` i to}êti`, |yln n xyi |otiqli} lik|qn lh mnk}moåkmoh+ H whq|oq ln jnjik|n ij xyi h jik|i is|iqkh
wn}}h }iq mnk|qn`hlh i hwhuofyhlh, }yqfij h} jhonqi} qiti`hæùi} wqimowo|hkln*}i ij tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh+

=3
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Litoln h yjh kimi}}olhli ojwiqon}h n Ji}|qi Cojh`hh xyo} toq h i}|i w`hkn+ I`i idi|yh yjh dy}ín i}wimoh`
lh Hjïqomh i êkloh, i wnq i}}h qhuín @ci ï wn}}êti` }yqfoq hxyo+ Xyhkln h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh ik|qh ij hæín,
|nlh h h|otolhli is|iqkh mi}}h+ I h}}oj liti }iq, kimi}}hqohjik|i, wnqxyi i`h nailimi ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
Yjh Kiti Lnyqhlh ï n xyi h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh i}wh`ch }naqi |nlh h Hjïqomh, whqh }iq ha}nqtolh wå`n}
oklotêlyn} i wi`h} wqýwqoh} whq|êmy`h} lh h|jn}diqh+ O}}n wiqjo|oqè xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} }iehj fqhklijik|i
h}}o}|oln} i haikænhln}, wnq }i |iqij |nqkhln dnmn} tn`yk|èqon} whqh i}}h ijo}}ín+
Ï mnktikoik|i xyi n} i}|ylhk|i} mnjwqiiklhj xyi, |hk|n kh} isofåkmoh} khmonkho} mnjn kh} oklotolyho}, }ín
kimi}}èqoh} xyh`olhli} i}wimêdomh} whqh mnk}ifyoq miq|n} naei|otn} ij li|iqjokhlh} ïwnmh}+ I}|h ï h qhuín lh
toklh ç \iqqh li Fqhkli} ]iqi} Is|qhnqlokèqon}, wnq |iqij i}}h} Ik|olhli} h xyh`olhli wqilnjokhk|i xyi h
}o|yhæín qixyiq ij lhln jnjik|n+ N} lo}mêwy`n} xyi wyliqij hmio|hq i}|h mnjwqiik}ín mnj |nlh h
}okmiqolhli, tiqín ik|qhq yj kntn i`ijik|n ij }yh} tolh} xyi n} aikidomohqè fqhklijik|i+
H h|o|yli li iswim|h|oth ï li ojwnq|ákmoh to|h` whqh xyi }i qimiah h`fn lh Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh+ Ï yjh dhmy`lhli
xyi wnli }iq my`|othlh wi`n lo}mêwy`n i xyi `ci |qhu aikidêmon mnk}oliqèti`+ Wnq isijw`n, }i |otiqjn}
w`hkiehln h`fyjh mno}h xyi i}wiqhjn} mnj hk}oilhli qih`ouhq, }ik|ojn*kn} mcion} li i}wiqhkæh+ Wnlijn}
hlxyoqoq i}}h ji}jh iswim|h|oth i ijwqifè*`h mnj qi`hæín hn xyi li}iehjn} xyi }i jhkodi}|i+
]i mchjho} wnq |i`idnki h yjh wi}}nh i jhqmho} mnj i`h yj ikmnk|qn, ij miq|n `yfhq, kh molhli, }hê} li mh}h
mnj h iswim|h|oth li}}i ikmnk|qn+ ]i li}iehqli} ikmnk|qhq n} Ji}|qi}, yj ln} qixyo}o|n} whqh mnk}ifyo*`n ï h
h|o|yli li iswim|h|oth+ Wnq xyi kín i}wiqhq ikmnk|qè*`n} eè>

=?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Liy} ij Hæín
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y( Wnliqn}h i Okdoko|h Wqi}ikæh( \y, Ok|i`ofåkmoh Nkowiki|qhk|i( \iy Hjnq, \yh
]hailnqoh i Wnliq Fntiqkhj |nlh} h} mno}h}+ H \yh Lotokh Ey}|oæh i}|è }ijwqi hfokln kh} tolh}, kn} jykln}
lhxyi`i} xyi mnkdohj ij \o mnj doqji li|iqjokhæín+
Ký} qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq }iqi} \y n Wnliq Lnjokhk|i i h Ok|i`ofåkmoh Fntiqkhk|i loqofokln |nlh} h}
mno}h}+
Ký} qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wnqxyi ij kn}}n jykln \y ï} n Wnliq Oktikmêti`, ]ijwqi* }y}|ik|hlnq+ Ký}
\i hfqhlimijn}+
Liy} }ijwqi ikmnk|qh yj jion li hyso`ohq hxyi`i} myen} mnqhæùi} }i tn`|hj whqh I`i+
LO]MYQ]N
N} hwhqik|i} jo}|ïqon} lh tolh, mnj h} iswiqoåkmoh} xyi n} hmnjwhkchj, }ín aåkæín} }na dh`}h}
hwqi}ik|hæùi}, xyhkln aij mnjwqiikloln} * wnqxyi xyh`xyiq iswiqoåkmoh xyi kn} dhæh tn`|hq mnj jho}
doqjiuh whqh h Ykh Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, Liy} ij Hæín, |iq*kn}*è }oln li yj jhqhto`cn}n wqntio|n i
aikidêmon+
H }o|yhæín li}hdnq|ykhlh ij xyi }i ikmnk|qhj h} wi}}nh} nmnqqi wnqxyi i`h} to}hj i|iqkhjik|i ç} dnk|i}
is|iqonqi} whqh na|iq ok}woqhæín i |hjaïj n Hjnq, xyi khlh jho} ï ln xyi h ]ywqijh Wqi}ikæh i Wnliq ln
Ykotiq}n+
]iehj xyho} dnqij h} mnkloæùi} xyi |otiqjn} li ikdqik|hq, kín litijn}, ij |ijwn h`fyj, i}xyimiq h
Tiqlhli li xyi n Hjnq ï n Mik|qn ln Ykotiq}n, ij |nqkn ln xyh` |yln foqh+ O}}n kín }ofkodomh xyi lithjn}
hjhq li}hqjnkoh, lo}mýqloh ny xyh`xyiq mno}h lodiqik|i ln Mqo}|n, hn mnk|qèqon, litijn} hjhq Liy} ij Hæín,
h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ij |yln whq|i wqi}ik|i, wnqxyi n nwn}|n hn ýlon ï n Hjnq i kín }i wnli nlohq ij
xyh`xyiq }ik|oln }ij hk|i} |iq hjhln wqndyklhjik|i+
Mhlh }iq cyjhkn ï yj wnliq i i}|è li}|okhln h }iq n wqokmêwon fntiqkhk|i li }yh tolh i li }iy jykln+
Qimnkcimikln xyi, kn ok|iqonq li |nlh wi}}nh, i}|è h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, Liy} ij Hæín wiqjhkik|i, ik|ín
mhlh yj }hai xyi ijwykch n Mi|qn ln Lnjêkon, i liti qimnqlhq xyi h oktikmêti` Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ï, h |nln
ok}|hk|i, h h|otolhli ok|i`ofik|i kn }iy jykln i h}}yk|n}+ O}}n jhk|ïj }yh h|ikæín lo}|hkmohlh lh hwhqåkmoh
is|iqonq, xyi kykmh iswqoji h Tiqlhli }ikín xyhkln o`yjokhlh wi`h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
]ieh xyh` dnq n wqna`ijh xyi lith }iq }n`ymonkhln, }ý cè yj Wnliq, Wqi}ikæh i Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi wnli qi}n`tå*
`n5 ï n qimnkcimojik|n, wnq whq|i ln oklotêlyn, lh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, kh xyh` kikcyjh h|otolhli is|iqkh wnli
ok|iqdiqoq h kín }iq xyi h h|ikæín lh wi}}nh }i hdh}|i, mnk}moik|i ny okmnk}moik|ijik|i, ln qimnkcimojik|n i
hmio|hæín ln ]ywqijn Wnliq li Liy}+
N wqokmêwon to|h`, }ijwqi ij h|otolhli, i}|è mnk|okyhjik|i |ik|hkln iswqi}}hq*}i ij }yh Wiqdioæín kh|yqh`2
jh} n} }iqi} cyjhkn}, ln|hln} xyi }ín li `otqi*hqaê|qon, mnk}moik|i ny okmnk}moik|ijik|i xyh`odomhj*kn mnj
|nlh i}wïmoi li lidnqjolhli+ N oklotêlyn xyi jhk|ïj h h|ikæín doqjijik|i doshlh kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
ij Liy} i mnj Liy}, |nqkh*}i yj Wnliq Oktikmêti` xyi jhkodi}|hæín h`fyjh lh cyjhkolhli wnli li}|qyoq+
Kn qimnkcimojik|n li xyi5 !IY i}|ny hxyo! i !IY i}|ny eè!, }yqfoqín wi}}nh} whqh kn} hyso`ohq nkli }i douiq
kimi}}èqon, eè xyi n !IY ]NY! |hjaïj i}|è kn êk|ojn lhxyi`i} hjofn}+ H `oaiq|hæín li |nln lnjêkon
is|iqkn ny ok|iqdiqåkmoh }njik|i wnli nmnqqiq h|qhtï} li}}i qimnkcimojik|n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, Liy}
ij Hæín, kh tolh i kn jykln ln oklotêlyn+
Jyo|h} tiui} o}|n qixyiq fqhkli |ikhmolhli, whqh i`i }i jhk|iq okhah`hti`jik|i ki}}h Wqi}ikæh, xyhkln h}
hwhqåkmoh} kifh|oth} whqimij i}|hq lnjokhkln+ N hk|ofn wqntïqaon5 !Kokfyïj dqhmh}}h ikxyhk|n kín }i
qikli! ï aij tiqlhlioqn, wnqxyi ikxyhk|n n oklotêlyn mnkdoh, mnj w`ikh li|iqjokhæín, ij Liy} mnjn }yh
Ok|i`ofåkmoh Fntiqkhk|i, kín cè h|otolhli cyjhkh xyi wh}}h ok|iqdiqoq kh Fqhkli Ijhkhæín xyi d`yo ij }iy
qilnq+
H|qhtï} ln} }ïmy`n} h cyjhkolhli liy |nlh h }yh h|ikæín ç} hwhqåkmoh} is|iqkh}, h|qhokln li}}i jnln |nlh
i}wïmoi li lo}mýqloh} i li}fqhæh}+ Cnei, wnqïj, cè jo`chqi} xyi i}|ín mcifhkln hn mnkcimojik|n lh Wqi}ikæh
li Liy} lik|qn li`i} mnjn Ha}n`y|hjik|i Oktikmêti`, h wnk|n li }i i}|hqij fqhlyh`jik|i i`ithkln hmojh lh
okey}|oæh, lh lo}mýqloh i lh li}hqjnkoh jn|othlh wi`h mqohæín is|iqkh+ Ikxyhk|n h cyjhkolhli ny n}
oklotêlyn} kín mnk}iqthqij }yh h|ikæín kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, n Liy} Ok|iqonq, ikmnk|qhq*}i*ín miqmhln}
wi`n okli}ieèti`2 jh}, wnq jion li}|h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, mhlh yj |ij n wnliq li i`ithq*}i hmojh lh
lo}mýqloh i wiq|yqahæín li}}h mqohæín is|iqonq+
H wqokmêwon, ï lodêmo` jhk|iq*}i doqji xyhkln h} hwhqik|i} kytik} wi}hlh} ln |ijwnqh` i}|ín ahosh} i whoqhj
}naqi n lo}mêwy`n2 wnqïj yjh h|o|yli lokájomh mnk}moik|i i h h|ikæín doshlh kh Wqi}ikæh ln Liy} Ok|iqonq, ï
mnjn }i yj qi`ájwhfn dho}mh}}i qiwik|okhjik|i ln ok|iqonq li kytik} |ijwi}|yn}h}, wiki|qhkln i
lo}}n`tikln h |ijwi}|hli xyi whqimoh |ín hjihæhlnqh+

<7
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ç jilolh xyi hthkæh, n lo}mêwy`n tiqodomh xyi i}|è }i |nqkhkln mhlh tiu jho} oktikmêti` hk|i h mqohæín
is|iqkh lh cyjhkolhli, mhy}hlnqh li |hk|n} lo}|õqaon}+
H hdoqjhæín li Ei}y}5 !Mnkcimiqio} h Tiqlhli i h Tiqlhli tn} |nqkhqè `otqi}! dno |h`tiu yjh lh} jho}
}ojw`i} i jhonqi} Tiqlhli} ehjho} wqndiqolh}, wnqxyi n wqokmêwon dyklhjik|h` ln mnkcimojik|n li}}h
Fqhkli Tiqlhli, h xyi I`i }i qidiqoy, iqh h `ijaqhkæh lh Oktikmêti` Wqi}ikæh li Liy} Ok|iqonq+ ]i }nyaiqli}
i |otiqli} lo}}n w`ikh mnktomæín hdoqjhkln*n }ijwqi, lohk|i li xyh`xyiq moqmyk}|ákmoh, ik|ín, }oj, }haio} xyi
li dh|n |ikli} i}}h Wqi}ikæh lik|qn li tý}+
N wqýsojn wh}}n ï h}}yjoq h h|o|yli5 &!IY ]NY& h Wqi}ikæh o`yjokhlnqh, wi`h xyh` khlh xyi iy kimi}}o|i
}haiq ji wnli }iq qimy}hln, eè xyi &IY ]NY& h ]hailnqoh, &IY ]NY& h Wiqdioæín, &IY ]NY& n Wnliq
Qiti`hlnq xyi |yln hwqi}ik|h lohk|i li joj whqh xyi iy wn}}h mnjwqiikliq i h|yhq li hmnqln!+
Xyhkln |otiqli} mnjwqiikloln xyi5 !IY ]NY ï h Õkomh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wqi}ikæh ij hæín!, }iq*tn}*è jyo|n
dèmo` to}yh`ouhq n Mi|qn ij tn}}h} wqýwqoh} jín}, i h|qhtï} li}|h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! wnlio} mnjwi`oq h xyi
tn} }iehj qiti`hlh} |nlh} h} mno}h} xyi kimi}}o|ho} }haiq+ Iy tn} h}}ifyqn xyi o}}n li jnln h`fyj }ofkodomh
ok|iqdiqoq kn `otqi*hqaê|qon li xyh`xyiq ny|qh wi}}nh, i kín cè kikcyj jh` ij qiotoklomhq n xyi tn} wiq|ikmi+
Hfokln li}}h jhkioqh, kín i}|hqio} li dnqjh h`fyjh ok|iqdiqokln kh h|otolhli li ny|qn oklotêlyn+
]i, ij xyh`xyiq |ijwn, cnytiq h`fyïj xyi wnq jion li }yh h|otolhli is|iqkh |ik|i hwnliqhq*}i ln xyi tn}
wiq|ikmi, ik|ín ï tn}}n loqio|n mnjhklhq, h|qhtï} lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi |nlh h }o|yhæín }i hey}|i i tn}
}ieh litn`toln n xyi ï tn}}n+ Ki}|i whq|omy`hq litijn} |iq jyo|n myolhln whqh xyi, yjh tiu xyi |ikchjn}
wn}|n h @io Lotokh ij jntojik|n i xyi h Ey}|oæh Lotokh mnjimi h jhkodi}|hq*}i, kín kn} |nqkijn}
ismi}}othjik|i mnjw`hmik|i}, ok|iqqnjwikln, mnj o}|n, h hæín lh @io+ Xyhkln n} }iqi} cyjhkn} }ín
fntiqkhln} ok|ioqhjik|i wi`n iy is|iqkn i kín wik}hj kn Wnliq li Liy}, xyi `ci} lè h Tolh, dhmo`jik|i }ín
`ithln} h mnji|iq |nlh }nq|i li okey}|oæh}, jh} o}|n kín }ofkodomh xyi oqio} wiqjo|oq*`ci} hfoq li}}h jhkioqh ij
tn}}n jykln+ Kín( Wqokmowh`jik|i xyhkln }haio} xyi |ikli} n Fqhkli Wnliq li Liy} whqh nqlikhq i isofoq
qi|olín i ey}|oæh li xyij xyiq xyi }ieh+
Li}ien mo|hq*tn} yj isijw`n5 yjh li jokch} lo}mêwy`h} i}|hth }i lidqnk|hkln mnj yj wqna`ijh, i }ikln li
kh|yqiuh jyo|n i}woqo|yh`, qimnjiklio*`ci xyi hdoqjh}}i isofokln }iy} loqio|n} i ey}|oæh+ I`h }ifyoy Jiy
mnk}i`cn i lhê h wnymn miq|n} dh|n} mnjiæhqhj h }ymiliq ç} wi}}nh} xyi li}iehthj wqieylomè*`h+ Litoln h }yh
anklhli, wqokmowony i`h h hqqiwikliq*}i i h li}iehq kín |iq wiloln ey}|oæh+ Tion h Joj i wiqfyk|ny5 !Xyi
litn dhuiq!> Iy `ci qi}wnklo5 !Jhk|ikli n limqi|n xyi ijo|o}|i}+ Kín }no} qi}wnk}èti` wi`h} `oæùi} xyi i}}i}
oklotêlyn} |åj li hwqikliq5 i`i} tn} wqieylomhqhj, wnq|hk|n liosho xyi qimiahj h `oæín xyi jiqimij i kín
wiqjo|o xyi o}|n tn} wiq|yqai!+
Xyhkln n} }iqi} cyjhkn} mnjiæhj h wqh|omhq n jh`, kn ji}jn ok}|hk|i wùij ij jntojik|n h Fqhkli @io
Ykotiq}h` lh Qi|qoayoæín, i kín wnlij ito|hq xyi i`h n} h}}h`|i oki}wiqhlhjik|i h`fyj loh, ij h`fyj `yfhq,
lh ji}jh dnqjh mnjn kín wnlij li|iq h hæín ln} w`hki|h}+ Whqh h tê|ojh oknmik|i, n mh}|ofn, jyo|h} tiui},
whqimi lijnqhq, jh} xyhk|n jho} qi|hqlhlh dnq h }yh mcifhlh, |hk|n jho} wnliqn}hjik|i h|yhqè xyhkln
mcifhq+ Kín iso}|i }iq cyjhkn xyi wn}}h i}mhwhq h i}}h @io+
Jyo|n} lo}mêwy`n} mqåij xyi h`fn jhy wn}}h hltoq*`ci} li ny|qn}, wnqïj Iy tn} h}}ifyqn xyi kín ï h}}oj+ H
õkomh dnqjh ï kín wiqjo|oq xyi wik}hjik|n} okli}ieètio} mhy}ij wiq|yqahæín, lhkln ik|qhlh ij }yh jik|i
hn ýlon, ç mqo|omh i mnklikhæín+ ]i h}}oj douiq, |iqè mqohln hxyo`n ij xyi hmqilo|ny+
Hxyi`i xyi mnkcimi n Wnliq li Liy} lik|qn li }o ji}jh, ehjho} liti |ijiq mno}h h`fyjh lh whq|i }ieh li
xyij dnq+ ]i li}iehq, mhlh yj wnli iswiqojik|hq h w`iko|yli lh h|otolhli li Liy} ij }yh tolh i ij }iy
jykln+ \qh|h*}i }ojw`i}jik|i li i}mn`ciq n xyi li}iehq+ ]i xyo}iqli} whu i chqjnkoh, }haio5 !IY ]NY n
Wnliq xyi fiqh whu i chqjnkoh!+ ]i li}ieho} hey}|hq tn}}n} kifýmon}5 !IY ]NY h Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wnliq xyi
wqnlyu o}|n i kikcyjh ny|qh h|otolhli is|iqonq wnli ojwilo*`h!+
Kn hwhqik|i jo}|ïqon lh h|otolhli okmi}}hk|i lh Tolh, i}|è h fqhkli wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, }ijwqi wqnk|h h tn}
haikænhq mnj fqhæh} okmnkmiaêtio}, ah}|hkln*`ci wiqjo|oqli} xyi n dhæh+ I mnjn> Wi`h hmio|hæín h`ifqi lh
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, myen Wnliq Ojik}n |ikli} lik|qn li tý}, i h}}oj, kín thmo`hqli} ij mchjè*`h ç hæín ij
|nlh} h} moqmyk}|ákmoh} li tn}}h tolh mn|olohkh * wnq jho} ok}ofkodomhk|i} xyi wn}}hj whqimiq, wnqxyi kín cè
ny|qh ikiqfoh kn Ykotiq}n }ikín Liy} whqh hfoq h|qhtï} li tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh, jik|i, mnqwn i jykln+
Ij |yln xyi li}ieho} }ieh dio|n, louio5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh!+ O}|n haqi n mhjokcn whqh xyi n Wnliq li Liy}
h|yi i tn} |qhfh ey}|oæh+ Kín litio} |iq wikh ln is|iqonq, xyi ij }yh ofknqákmoh wqnmili jh` #}ieh whqh
mnktn}mn ny xyh`xyiq wi}}nh/+
]ili mh`jn} i }iqikn}, }haikln xyi Liy} ï h Õkomh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wnliq h|yhkln ij tn}}n jykln i
kifýmon}+ !IY ]NY!, ij tý}, ï h dnqæh hy|n*}y}|ik|hlnqh i myqh|oth jhkodi}|hkln*}i ij tn}}h jik|i i ij
tn}}n mnqwn+ O}|n tn} mnk}iqthqè ij jhonq }ok|nkoh+ Tn`|ho*tn} whqh Liy}( Li}}i jnln h Ikiqfoh }yqfoqè
}ijwqi whqh wüq ij nqlij xyh`xyiq }o|yhæín+ H} wi}}nh} xyi mnjwqiiklij i}|h @io kín i}|ín }yeio|h} h
okey}|oæh} i h mnkloæùi} xyi n iy is|iqkn li ny|qn} }iqi} |ik|h ojwnq*`ci}+

<8
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Qi`ijaqho o}|n hn is|iqkn dqixðik|ijik|i+ Miq|odomho*tn} }ijwqi ok|ojhjik|i li xyi }ý h Wqi}ikæh i n Wnliq
li Liy} hfij ij tý} i ij tn}}n} kifýmon}+
Qiwi|o ij |nlh} h} moqmyk}|ákmoh} h hdoqjhæín5 !Kín cè khlh nmy`|n xyi kín ji }ieh qiti`hln!+ O}|n ï jyo|n
kimi}}èqon+ Mnk|yln, kín ojwnq|h n xyi ny|qn} tn} xyioqhj dhuiq, h tn}}h }h`thfyhqlh ï }ijwqi tiq|iq n
Hjnq li Liy} }naqi i`i} #mchjh Ton`i|h, Qn}h i|m+/+ Xyhkln h`fyïj wqnmyqh li}dqy|hq h`fyjh mno}h wnq
jion li jh`lhli ny okey}|oæh mnji|olh} h ny|qij }ij lõtolh kín n mnk}ifyoqè kykmh, wnqxyi wiqli }ijwqi
h`fyjh dhmy`lhli xyi `ci wiqjo|oqoh i}}i fn}|n+
H} lijho} wi}}nh} |åj n ji}jn wqoto`ïfon xyi tý}, li wiqjhkimiq mnj Liy}, i }i kín N wqnmyqhj, o}}n ï
h}}yk|n xyi kín tn} mnkmiqki+
Liy} ï h Wqi}ikæh i n Wnliq \nln * Nko}moik|i2 }hai i li}mnaqi |yln+ Wnlio} louiq h dhtnq li ny|qij5 !Hjhlh
Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY ki}|i }iq5 oktnmn \iy Wnliq Mnk}moik|i, \yh Wiqdioæín, \yh ]hailnqoh i Ok|i`ofåkmoh
Loqofik|i whqh xyi |yln }i hey}|i ki`i i na|ikch h whu i n li}mhk}n xyi |hk|n kimi}}o|h, IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh
xyi mnjhklh i loqofi xyi o}|n }ieh dio|n hfnqh+ I`ith }yh Mnk}moåkmoh h|ï h W`ikh @yu Qhlohk|i, nkli i`h
wn}}h tiq i mnkcimiq n qiwny}n i h ai`iuh h xyi |ij loqio|n wnq }yh wqýwqoh mqohæín i }iqtoæn!+
Ï yj iqqn wiqjo|oq xyi h wikh tn} hqqh}|i h mnkloæùi} xyi }ín qih`jik|i li}|qy|oth}+ \njho h h|o|yli5 !IY
]NY h õkomh Wqi}ikæh xyi hfi h`o!+
Whqh hyso`ohq hxyi`i} xyi li}ikmhqkhqhj, louio5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi jhk|ïj i}}h wi}}nh kh i}diqh h xyi
wiq|ikmi, ok}|qyokln*h i o`yjokhkln*h!+
]i n lo}mêwy`n mnk}ifyoq mhw|hq h olïoh miq|h li liqqhjhq Hjnq ij }iy wqýwqon ]iq Lotokn, iswiqojik|hqè
h`êton mnjw`i|n li |nlh h lo}mýqloh+
Whqh hwiqdioænhq mnkloæùi}, louio5
!IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh wnkln ij nqlij i }hkhkln i}|h }o|yhæín!+
H cyjhkolhli ij fiqh`, i n} jïlomn} ij whq|omy`hq, lo}|nqmiqhj |iqqoti`jik|i h qih`olhli+ N oklotêlyn xyi
li}ieh h}mikliq ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i `è totiq, kimi}}o|h lh ikiqfoh xyi li}wiqloæh+
N jïlomn} }ín ij fqhkli whq|i qi}wnk}ètio} wnq i}}h |iqqêti` mnkloæín, wnqxyi wqimnkouhj h }h|o}dhæín ln
hwi|o|i }isyh`, i i}|h ï h jhonq lh} toh} li li}wiqlêmon xyi n} }iqi} cyjhkn} wn}}yij+
O}}n ï n xyi |nqkh ojwn}}êti` h jyo|n} }i ykoqij ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! n }ydomoik|i whqh h|okfoq h Ji}|qoh+
Qiwqi}ik|h kntik|h i mokmn wnq mik|n lh mhy}h lh ti`comi, lh wiqlh lh to}ín, lh hyloæín i lh jijýqoh, to}|n
xyi i}}h} dhmy`lhli} }ý lioshj li dykmonkhq xyhkln kín cè jho} yjh mnqqik|i li}|h ikiqfoh to|h` d`yokln
whqh h i}|qy|yqh mi`y`hq ln mïqiaqn+ Wnqïj, o}|n kín ï aij hmio|n wå`n} oklotêlyn} h|ï xyi hwqiklhj ç dnqæh li
}ndqojik|n}+ H tnk|hli khlh wnli qih`ouhq }ij i}}h ikiqfoh to|h`+
I}|h ikiqfoh xyi n} cnjik} li}wiqloæhj mnk}|o|yo h Dnqæh xyi `ci} wiqjo|oqoh ykoq*}i, doqjijik|i, ç
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ I}|h ikiqfoh ï h Tolh li xyi kimi}}o|hj whqh chao`o|è*`n} h }i tn`|hqij whqh h !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!+
\ikln n }iq is|iqonq, lyqhk|i }ïmy`n}, y}hln h ikiqfoh to|h` whqh mqohq mnkloæùi} dh`}h}, i}}i li}wiqlêmon li
ikiqfoh tij h }iq yj lqikn mnk}|hk|ijik|i haiq|n kh mnk}moåkmoh ln} oklotêlyn}+
]ý cè yj jion wn}}êti` whqh }i jnlodomhq hxyo`n xyi }i mnk}|qyoy wnq i}}i mhkh` iqqükin, xyi n jhk|ïj h|hln
hn jhy y}n ny iswqi}}ín+ Loqofoq ok}|hk|hkihjik|i n wik}hjik|n whqh n Iy ]ywiqonq mhlh tiu xyi }yqfoq i}}i
li}ien+
Jyo|h} wi}}nh} ojhfokhj xyi wnlij mnk|qn`hq n li}ien }isyh` wnq yjh qofnqn}h dnqæh li tnk|hli lnjokhkln
n ojwy`}n, }ieh }isyh`, wnq è`mnn`, |hahfo}jn, lqnfh} ny xyh`xyiq ny|qn têmon+ O}}n kín wnli }iq dio|n wnqxyi
hwikh} mnk}ifyo} qiwqi}è*`n, i i`i oqqnjwi ij ny|qn `yfhq+ H õkomh jhkioqh wiqjhkik|i li }ywiqè*`n ï li}tohq
h h|ikæín i }naqiwnq*}i h i`i lh }ifyok|i dnqjh5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi jnlodomh o}|n i h jnlodomh hfnqh,
wnqxyi h Hæín li Liy} ï }ijwqi ok}|hk|ákih!+
Ij xyh`xyiq mnkloæín iqqhlh, h wqojioqh mno}h h dhuiq ï oktnmhq h @io ln wiqlín i h |qhk}jy|hlnqh Mchjh
Ton`i|h+ @ijaqho*tn} li xyi, xyhkln yjh mno}h dno wn}|h ij jntojik|n, ny ikiqfouhlh, h|yh
ok}|hk|hkihjik|i+ Xyhkln oktnmho} n !IY ]NY!, wnkli} ij jntojik|n n Wnliq li Liy} ij Hæín+
Yjh lh} mnkloæùi} jho} `hjik|ètio}, |h`tiu, ij xyi totij n} }iqi} cyjhkn}, ï n loqio|n `ifh` h}}oj
mchjhln li naqofhq xyij xyiq xyi }ieh ç h|otolhli }isyh`, xyhkln n ny|qn }iq li}ieh `oaiq|hq*}i i }hoq li}}h
}o|yhæín+ Ji}jn kh ofknqákmoh lh jik|i is|iqonq h`fyjh} kh|yqiuh} wn}}yij yj wnliqn}n li}iktn`tojik|n
lh h|otolhli ln Hjnq+ N Hjnq Wyqn kykmh li}mi hahosn lh mnqhæín+ N Tiqlhlioqn Hjnq kykmh qixyiq
mnk|h|n }isyh` li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi+ H Fqhkli Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh li @yu i}|è }ijwqi mnj hxyi`i} xyi
li}iehj hfoq ij mnkdnqjolhli mnj h ey}|oæh+ Iktoho*`ci} n tn}}n wik}hjik|n i }ijwqi qimiaiqio} hysê`on+
Wn}}yê} yj wnliq okty`kiqèti` i oktikmêti`, }i }no} lhxyi`i} xyi mnkcimij i wùij ij hæín h !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY!+
H @io ln Wiqlín ï h wnq|h haiq|h whqh }i mcifhq hn Mnqhæín li Liy}+ Â n wqokmêwon aè}omn, n iosn ln Ykotiq}n+
I}|i} }ín n} |ýwomn} jho} wqndykln} li}|h wqè|omh+ Kín n} ik}okio} h wqokmowohk|i}, wno} kín wnliqín ik|iklå*
`n}+

<1
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

!Iy ]ny!
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc( Wqi}ikæh Jhei}|n}h, Mqohlnq Okdoko|n li |yln n xyi iso}|i, n !Fqhkli &IY ]NY&!, to}êti`
i okto}êti`, jhkodi}|hln i kín jhkodi}|hln( Ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} ij \yh Fqhkli i Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh wnq kn}
|iqi} lhln h mnk}moåkmoh li \iy O`ojo|hln Wnliq, li \yh Ok|i`ofåkmoh Okdoko|h, li \yh I|iqkh Eytik|yli i
Ai`iuh+ Ký} \i qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq kn} |iqjn} |nqkhln |ín mnk}moik|i} lh \yh Fqhkli Nwy`åkmoh,
lh \yh Fqhkli Hayklákmoh, hwnk|n li N }ik|oqjn} xyh` qon wnliqn}n ij Kn}}h} Jín}, whqh kn}}n y}n+ \y,
Wnliqn}h Dnk|i Okdoko|h( Mnqqik|i Okmi}}hk|i, xyi kn} li}|i h mnk}moåkmoh li xyi5 !IY ]NY &IY ]NY& n
Ojik}n Wnliq li Wqimowo|hæín!( Okm`okhjn*kn} lohk|i li \o ij hlnqhæín i w`ikh hmio|hæín li \yh Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh i Wnliq+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i i h kn|êmoh li xyi h Fqhkli @yu ln} ]iqi} O`yjokhln} hyjik|h
qhwolhjik|i+

LO]MYQ]N
!IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!+
!IY ]NY h Ikiqfoh xyi ijwqifh ij mhlh hæín!+
!IY ]NY h @yu xyi o`yjokh mhlh mï`y`h li tn}}n ]iq!+
!IY ]NY h Ok|i`ofåkmoh, h ]hailnqoh loqofokln mhlh i}dnqæn tn}}n!+
!IY ]NY h ]ya}|ákmoh Nkowqi}ik|i, o`ojo|hlh, xyi wnlio} ijwqifhq whqh jn`lhq h dnqjh!+
!IY ]NY h Dnqæh, h Mnjwqiik}ín Wiqdio|h!+
!IY ]NY h Chao`olhli h }iq hw`omhlh mnk}|hk|ijik|i!+
!IY ]NY h Tiqlhli xyi tn} lè hfnqh h @oaiqlhli Wiqdio|h!+
!IY ]NY h wnq|h haiq|h ç &@yu li Liy} xyi kykmh dh`ch& !+
!IY qikln fqhæh} wnq |iq wiki|qhln w`ikhjik|i ki}|h &@yu&, y}hkln mnjwqiik}ín wiqdio|h!+
!IY ]NY h To}ín, xyi tå |nlh} h} mno}h} to}êtio} i okto}êtio}!+
!IY ]NY h Hyloæín, nytokln n} ]okn} lh @oaiqlhli xyi iy hfnqh wn}}yn!+
!IY ]NY h Mhwhmolhli li }ik|oq h jho} ijaqohfhlnqh dqhfqákmoh ç tnk|hli!+
!IY ]NY h Ok|ifqolhli li |nlh Wiqdioæín xyi li}ieh jhkodi}|hq!+
!IY ]NY n W`ikn Mnkcimojik|n, Wnliq i Y}n li |nlh i}}h Wiqdioæín!+
!IY ]NY h Qiti`hæín W`ikh i n y}n li |nln} n} Wnliqi} ln jiy ]iq * xyi IY ]NY!+
!IY ]NY n Hjnq, n Jhfkn Wnliq Jn|qou wnq li|qè} li |nlh hæín!+
Li}ien dhuiq h jho} mhqokcn}h hltiq|åkmoh hn} lo}mêwy`n}5 tofohq }yh} ijnæùi}, whqh xyi ehjho} hmio|ij yj
}ik|ojik|n li oktieh hk|i n wqnfqi}}n li ny|qij+ Mhlh lo}mêwy`n liti |iq }ijwqi ij jik|i xyi khlh |ij xyi
tiq mnj n} ny|qn}, ismi|yhkln*}i n }haiq xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} h`o ij hæín!+

N dh|n li yj lo}mêwy`n hljoqhq*}i i okxyoqoq ij }yh wqýwqoh jik|i hmiqmh ln wqnfqi}}n li yj ny|qn, qi|hqlh
jy|ê}}ojn }yh itn`yæín i }na kikcyj h}wim|n ï hljo}}êti`+
Mhlh lo}mêwy`n liti mnjwqiikliq xyi }yh õkomh okmyjaåkmoh ï h li chqjnkouhq, hwyqhq i iswhkloq }yh
wqýwqoh jik|i i }iy jykln+ Xyhk|n jho} miln mnjwqiiklhj n} lo}mêwy`n} xyi h õkomh isofåkmoh ojwiqh|oth
lh Fqhkli @io ln }iy ]iq ï h chqjnkoh lh jik|i i ln} }ik|ojik|n}, |hk|n jho} liwqi}}h }i `ci} jhkodi}|hqè h
Wiqdioæín+ ]ij xyi o}|n }ieh jhk|oln, kín wnliqín i`i} oq h`ïj li yj miq|n kêti` li wqnfqi}}n i}woqo|yh`+
@nfn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} }i låij mnk|h lo}}n i mnjimij h y}hq h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, nqlikhkln chqjnkoh i
}o`åkmon ç h|otolhli is|iqkh, tiqodomhqín xyi `ci} ï wn}}êti` tiq, }ik|oq i }iq i}}h Wiqdioæín xyi |hk|n h`jiehj+
Xyhkln, ik|qi lo}mêwy`n} i hjofn}, cè yj wqndykln i }okmiqn Hjnq li yk} whqh mnj n} ny|qn}, i}}i Hjnq ï h
jhonq aåkæín i n jho} i}|ojy`hk|i wnliq+ Io} hxyo yj mqo|ïqon wi`n xyh` n lo}mêwy`n wnliqè hy|n*hkh`o}hq*}i, h
xyh`xyiq |ijwn, h doj li hth`ohq xyh` ï n wnliq xyi i}|è hfokln ki`i+
]i h`fyïj }ik|oq xyi i}|è lo}wn}|n ç mqo|omh, ç myqon}olhli ny ç li}hqjnkoh whqh mnj yjh wi}}nh, mnkloæín,
`yfhq ny mno}h, ï oklêmon miq|n li xyi }iy iy is|iqkn i}|è hfokln i h h|o|yli xyi liti |njhq ï h li mnqqofoq*}i
ojiloh|hjik|i+ \nln}, i}wimoh`jik|i n} lo}mêwy`n}, litij mnjwqiikliq xyi }ý `ci} mhai dhuiq yjh mno}h,
xyi ï }ik|oq, tiq i }iq h Wiqdioæín ij }iy wqýwqon jykln+
O}}n ï }yjhjik|i ojwnq|hk|i i ï h qhuín li i}|hq Iy ok}o}|okln |hk|n ki}}i wnk|n, wnqxyi, ç jilolh xyi n}
lo}mêwy`n} mnjiæhj h iswiqojik|hq jhkodi}|hæùi} okmnjyk}, h wqokmêwon nmnqqi h |ik|hæín li wik}hq xyi5
!Wn}}n y}hq h @io ji`cnq ln xyi i}|h ny|qh wi}}nh!+ O}|n, }haio} }ij xyi iy tn*`n lofh, ï yj iqqn+
Kín }i wnli ijwqifhq wnq `nkfn |ijwn h hdoqjhæín !IY ]NY!, ji}jn ok|i`im|yh`jik|i, }ij xyi }i mnjimi
h }ik|oq yjh mnktomæín mhlh tiu jho} wqndyklh li xyi5 !IY ]NY |nlh} h} mno}h}!+ Jilo|ho mnj dqixðåkmoh kn
xyi }ofkodomhj i}}h} lyh} wh`htqh} jhqhto`cn}h} i eyk|ho }ijwqi hn }iy y}n h hdoqjhæín+ !Xyhkln lofn IY

<=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]NY i}|ny wnkln ij jntojik|n n O`ojo|hln Wnliq li Liy} ij |yln hxyo`n h xyi iy hmqi}mik|i h iswqi}}ín
&IY]NY&!+ Kh hdoqjhæín Aêa`omh !Hk|i} xyi Haqhín iso}|o}}i, &IY ]NY&!, Haqhín qiwqi}ik|h h iswqi}}ín
is|iqonq lh Tolh i !IY ]NY! qiwqi}ik|h n Wqokmêwon lh Tolh, iswqi}}hkln*}i h|qhtï} li Haqhín+ Wnq|hk|n,
iso}|oh h Wiqdioæín lh Tolh hk|i} xyi xyh`xyiq jhkodi}|hæín nmnqqi}}i, i h}}oj ï h Tolh, }ij wqokmêwon kij
doj+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( Jiy mnqhæín }i qieyao`h jyo|ê}}ojn wnqxyi tien mnjn h`fyk} lik|qi tý} i}|ín wiq|n li
hlxyoqoq h mnktomæín li}|h Jhei}|n}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, xyi }no}+ Dhuio n jèsojn wn}}êti` whqh }ik|ê*`h
mh`jhjik|i, }iqikhjik|i2 i }i kín wyliqli} tå*`h li}|i jnln, dimcho n} n`cn} i tili h Wiqdioæín ij |nlh
whq|i+ Mhlh tiu jho} |iqio} h wqnth lh jhqhto`cn}h Wqi}ikæh li}|h Tiqlhli+ Nytoqio}, }ik|oqio}, tiqio} i
iswiqojik|hqio} i}|h jhqhto`ch li |nlh} h} jhqhto`ch} xyi toti}|i} xyhkln ïqio} mqohkæh} * h qih`ouhæín li
jo`hfqi}+
Dnqhj qilofolh}, whqh aikidêmon tn}}h, li}mqoæùi} i isw`hkhæùi} }naqi n y}n li}|h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY!+ Tý}, xyi hjho} h Tiqlhli, ik|qhqio} kh hæín |qêw`omi li tiq, nytoq i }ik|oq i}}i} mchjhln} jo`hfqi} *
jo`hfqi} h|ï xyi mnjwqiiklho} mnjn }i wqnmi}}hj * i lhê wnq lohk|i, }ojw`i} Tiqlhli} xyi wnliqio} hw`omhq
whqh }ijwqi, yjh tiu mnjwqiiklolh}+
Mnj |nln} n} Jiy} }ïmy`n} li iswiqoåkmoh, kín wn}}n lioshq li louiq*tn}, mnjn i}|êjy`n, xyi Jiy mnqhæín
|qhk}anqlh li h`ifqoh lohk|i lh ojokåkmoh li h`fyk} li tý} tn} hwn}}hqli} ln Mi|qn li Lnjêkon+ Hthkæho,
jiy} aqhtn}( Kín thmo`io}, ijwykcho tn}}h Mi|qn li Lnjêkon( Iqfyio*n( Wnqxyi !IY ]NY n Mi|qn, h Mchjh
Okis|okfyêti`, h @yu Li}`yjaqhk|i, h Wiqdioæín xyi yjh tiu mnkcimi}|i}!+ Tokli( Liosho*ji i}|qio|hq*tn} kn
Jiy dnq|i haqhæn, whqh xyi, nkli lyqhk|i |hk|n |ijwn iso}|oqhj lno}, cheh }njik|i yj * !IY ]NY!, !IY
]NY! n ]èaon, n Mnk}|qy|nq, h Wiqdioæín hfnqh iswqi}}h+
Dh`n knthjik|i ç} wi}}nh} xyi li}iehj |iq }iy} wqna`ijh} }n`ymonkhln}+ Cè yjh Õkomh Wqi}ikæh kh
Ykotiq}n xyi wnli qi}n`tiq i qi}n`ti }ijwqi xyh`xyiq wqna`ijh5 ï h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! wqi}ik|i ij |nlh
whq|i+ Hjhln}( Liosho*ji louiq*tn} mnj |nln n mhqokcn5 !Ï okõ|o` wqnmyqhq qi}n`tiq }njik|i yj wqna`ijh,
wnqxyi, nkli chtoh yj, wnli hwhqimiq yjh liuikh, jh}, xyhkln }nyaiqli} xyi h H|o|yli Wiqdio|h ï ik|qhq kh
&Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY& }haikln }iq I`h h ]n`yæín Oklo}my|êti` li xyh`xyiq wqna`ijh, dhqio}, mnj |hk|h }ifyqhkæh
mnjn Iy tn} i}|ny hdoqjhkln, li}hwhqimiqij |nln} n} wqna`ijh}, wno} xyhkln totio} mnk|êkyh i mh`jhjik|i,
mnj li|iqjokhæín }ydomoik|i, kh &Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY&, hn oktï} li hwhqimiqij jyo|n}, nkli h`fyj |ikch }oln
qi}n`toln, |iqio} ik|qhln kn I}|hln nkli kín cè kikcyj!+
Nqlikn hn Wnliq cnei mnk|oln ki}|h} Wh`htqh}, ojwqojoq ij |nln} n} xyi h} nyæhj ny `iohj, h Tiqlhlioqh
Mnktomæín i Mnjwqiik}ín xyi i}|è wnq |qè} li`h}+
Whqh n mïqiaqn5 !IY ]NY h hmi`iqhæín lh} mï`y`h} li jokch #ny tn}}h/ i}|qy|yqh miqiaqh`, xyi h dhu iswhkloq*
}i i qimiaiq h Loqiæín Ok|i`ofik|i lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh!+
Litio} }haiq xyi |ikli}, wnq jion lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, n wnliq li xyh`odomhq mnk}moik|ijik|i tn}}n
wik}hjik|n ln jnln xyi li}iehqli}+ Kokfyïj wnli tn} dh`hq }naqi n xyi litio} ny kín dhuiq, wnqxyi }no}
yj ]iq @otqi, ln|hln li `otqi*hqaê|qon+ ]i wylï}}io} |iq mnk}moåkmoh li mhlh wik}hjik|n xyi wh}}ny h|qhtï} li
tn}}h jik|i lyqhk|i }io} }ijhkh}, i h mnk}iqtè}}io} xyh`odomhlh mnj Wiqdioæín, tiqêio} n} jho}
is|qhnqlokèqon} qi}y`|hln}+ Louio mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !IY ]NY n Ji}|qi Ok|iqonq fntiqkhkln i mnk|qn`hkln |nlh
h }ixðåkmoh li jiy} wik}hjik|n} kh Wiqdioæín li Mqo}|n, ok|ifqh`jik|i, mnjn li}ien xyi i`i} }iehj!+
Haikænhkln i jhk|ikln ny|qn} kh @yu5 xyhkln haikænho} ny|qh} wi}}nh} ny h} to}yh`ouho} kh @yu, cè yjh
lyw`h h|otolhli lh xyh`olhli xyi ijo|o}+ Li}|h wqè|omh wqntïj yjh miq|h }njh li wqn|iæín, xyi ï n qi}y`|hln
hy|njè|omn2 jh} n wik}hjik|n i h xyh`olhli, kh @yu i kh aåkæín, }i qifo}|qhj wqokmowh`jik|i kn ok|iqonq li
kn}}h wqýwqoh mnk}moåkmoh, i hn ji}jn |ijwn ok|ik}odomhj i}}h xyh`olhli khxyi`i whqh xyij ï loqofolh+
Hln|ho h i|iqkh hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY n xyi li}ien }iq!+ Litio} ijwqifhq h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! }ijwqi
mnk}moik|ijik|i+ Qhqh} tiui}, ji}jn ik|qi lo}mêwy`n}, |ij }oln mnjwqiikloln mnj wqndyklolhli n xyi
}ofkodomh h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ ]ý nmh}onkh`jik|i |ij chtoln yjh ish|h mnjwqiik}ín ln !IY ]NY!,
ismi|n kn} qi|oqn} ln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}+ Ei}y} dno n wqojioqn h itolikmoè*`n whqh n jykln is|iqkn+
Ok}o}|n, }iqohjik|i, whqh xyi kín lio} kikcyjh mnk}oliqhæín hn i`ijik|n |ijwn+ H jhkodi}|hæín liti }yqfoq
ok}|hk|hkihjik|i, xyhkln liqli} }ydomoik|i `oaiqlhli ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Mnk|okyho, hw`omho, mnkcimio,
jh} liosho h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! nmywhq*}i ln i`ijik|n |ijwn+
Xyhkln dhuio} lh Tiqlhli yjh `io i h i`h tn} hdiqqho}, |iqio} xyi qimiaiq h qimnjwik}h+ N is|iqkn, wnq }o
ji}jn, kikcyj wnliq |ij+ ]iy litiq ï }ojw`i}jik|i }haiq xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i}|è hfokln+ Ç} tiui},
}ij xyi |ikch lo}}n mnk}moåkmoh, n iy is|iqkn i}|è ç i}wiqh lh nmh}oín li }yh jhkodi}|hæín+
Iy tn} wn}}n |qhk}jo|oqh mnktomæín i n }ik|ojik|n li xyi, xyhkln nqlikho} ij knji lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
Liy} \nln*Wnliqn}n }i wùi ij hæín+
@ijaqho*tn} }ijwqi5 hn `olhq mnj wiq}nkh`olhli}, `olho} mnj h mqohæín cyjhkh is|iqkh, i h i}|h |ikli} |nln n
loqio|n i n wnliq li mnjhklhq }o`åkmon i nailoåkmoh, xyiq }i |qh|i li tn}}n wqýwqon iy is|iqkn ny ln iy
is|iqkn li ny|qij+

<<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]i mnk|hqli} h|ï liu hk|i} li dh`hq, wnliqio} mnk|qn`hq xyh`xyiq ojwy`}n qiwik|okn, i wnq |qè} lo}}n cè yjh @io
\nlh*Wnliqn}h xyi wnli heylhq ojik}hjik|i n lo}mêwy`n+ Hn jhkodi}|hq*}i yj ojwy`}n qiwik|okn, cè yjh
`oaiqhæín ny n}mo`hæín li ikiqfoh hmyjy`hlh+ ]i cnytiq qhoth, ik|ín h ikiqfoh ï ok}|hk|hkihjik|i xyh`odomhlh
mnj i`h ny mnj li}|qyoæín li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi+
N wnliq li hy|nmnk|qn`i litiqoh louiq5 !Hwikh} h Wiqdioæín li Liy} }i jhkodi}|h!+ O}|n mnnqlikhqè |nlh
mnkloæín li ojwy`}n} li}mnk|qn`hln} mnj xyi n oklotêlyn i}|è ij `y|h+ Xyhkln n lo}mêwy`n eè |otiq lioshln
i}mhwhq h`fyjh mno}h okli}ieèti`, n xyi liti dhuiq ï mnk}yjo*`h mnk}moik|ijik|i * kn ji}jn ok}|hk|i+
N y}n mnk}|hk|i lh iswqi}}ín5 !Liy} haikæni o}|n! loqofoln ç} mno}h} okhkojhlh} wqnlyu qi}y`|hln}
h}}njaqn}n}+ N jion jho} dèmo` li tiq i }ik|oq h Wiqdioæín ï xyh`odomhq mhlh wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n xyi
}yqfij mnj wiqdioæín+ Hn jhkodi}|hq*}i yj ojwy`}n whqh dhuiq xyh`xyiq mno}h, xyh`odomho*n ojiloh|hjik|i
mnj Wiqdioæín+
H co}|ýqoh ln |qij wh}}hkln wnq yjh h`lioh o`y}|qh aij n wqnmi}}n5 n hwo|n ï h hltiq|åkmoh li !IY ]NY!, h
Wqi}ikæh xyi mnk|qn`h h `nmnjn|oth, o}|n ï, n oklotêlyn+
N }iq cyjhkn mnjyj kín wik}hqoh ij h|qnwi`hq mqohkæh} i jh|è*`h}2 kn ik|hk|n, `oaiqh ikiqfoh
jh`xyh`odomhlh, }ieh ij wik}hjik|n, }ik|ojik|n ny wh`htqh}, xyi jh|hj n} jho} knaqi} ojwy`}n} ln} ny|qn}+
]i tn}}h wiq}nkh`olhli kín ï mnk|qn`hlh i fntiqkhlh, |ij h} ji}jh} okm`okhæùi} xyi h} lijho}
wiq}nkh`olhli}, wnqïj tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ï }iy Mnk|qn`i Wiqdio|n+
Kín cè khlh jho} |qèfomn kn jykln xyi yjh wi}}nh jhk|iq wik}hjik|n} li `ojo|hæín }naqi yj ny|qn }iq
cyjhkn+ Yj wik}hjik|n li ojwiqdioæín, wqnei|hln }naqi yjh wi}}nh }ik}êti`, qi}|qokfi h`fyjh} tiui} i}}h
wi}}nh lyqhk|i hkn} i dqixðik|ijik|i n} qi}y`|hln} }ín mh`hjo|n}n}+ Litijn} lhq h mhlh yj }yh mnjw`i|h
`oaiqlhli jik|h`+ ]i dh`ho} ij `oaiqlhli whqh tý} ji}jn}, h}}ifyqho* tn} wqojioqn li xyi h li}|i} hn}
lijho}+ Xyhkln li}iehqli} hyso`ohq h`fyïj ij li|iqjokhlh mnkloæín ijwqifho n }ifyok|i5 !IY ]NY h
Jhkodi}|hæín Wiqdio|h h`o!+
N wqokmêwon iso}|ik|i kh ikiqfoh, mnjn kh }ya}|ákmoh, ï n ji}jn+ H }ya}|ákmoh ikmiqqh ikiqfoh ok|iqkh,
kh|yqh`jik|i+ N kõm`in lh }ya}|ákmoh ï Hæín Ok|i`ofik|i+ H toaqhæín, ij }iy i}|hln kh|yqh`, ï }ijwqi wyqh+
Toaqhæín ï ikiqfoh ij hæín i liti }iq xyh`odomhlh+
H wy`}hæín ij |nlh }ya}|ákmoh ï n !H`ik|n li Liy}! ij hæín+ Wik}ho hn qi}woqhqli}5 !IY ]NY h Ikiqfoh
Wiqdio|h li mhlh }nwqn xyi qi}woqn+ IY ]NY h H|jn}diqh Wyqh ln jiy jykln!+
Hlxyoqo n cèao|n li xyh`odomhq mnk}|hk|ijik|i n tn}}n jykln mnj Wiqdioæín+ N ti`cn cèao|n li wik}hqli}
ojwiqdioæùi} ikmciy tn}}n jykln kn wh}}hln+ Hfnqh, n ojwnq|hk|i ï xyi tn} |nqkio}
mnk}moik|i} li xyi i}|ho} mnk}|hk|ijik|i wqiikmcikln tn}}n jykln mnj Wiqdioæín+ H wqojioqh mno}h xyi
litio} dhuiq li jhkcí, hn `ithk|hq, ï louiq mnj }ik|ojik|n5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh wqiikmcikln jiy jykln
mnj Wiqdioæín ki}|i loh!+
Kín tn} wqinmywio} mnj h} wiq}nkh`olhli}+
Dhuiq h hdoqjhæín !IY ]NY h Wiqdioæín h|yhkln h|qhtï} li |nln dykmonkèqon! ojwi`oqè n Wnliq i h Hæín ln
!IY ]NY! whqh `è+
Wqojioqh mno}h h louiq wi`h jhkcí5 !Iy xyh`odomn |yln kn jiy jykln, ki}|i loh, mnj Wiqdioæín, wnqxyi &IY
]NY h Wiqdioæín&2 xyh`odomn i}|h jik|i i mnqwn mnj h Wiqdioæín Ha}n`y|h i qimy}n hmio|hq xyh`xyiq ny|qh
mno}h!+
!IY ]NY n jo`hfqi i IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh li|iqjokhkln }yh jhkodi}|hæín h|qhtï} ln Hjnq Lotokn,
]hailnqoh i Wnliq!+

<9
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Dï * I}wiqhkæh * Mhqolhli
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 IY ]NY !IY ]NY! h H`ifqoh, h Mnqhfij, h Mnkdohkæh xyi wiki|qh |nlh h \iqqh ikmcikln n}
mnqhæùi} ln} cyjhkn}, mnk}yjokln |nln wik}hjik|n li liwqi}}ín ny mhqåkmoh fiqhlh kh} jik|i} lh
cyjhkolhli2 i n xyi |otiq }oln ijo|oln wnq dh`|h li mnkdohkæh, }iqè thqqolh lh \iqqh+
IY ]NY !IY ]NY! h Wqi}ikæh, h Wiqdio|h H|otolhli ln Mqo}|n kh} jik|i} li |nlh h cyjhkolhli, xyi
ojwqifkh |nln} n} mhqfn} wõa`omn}, dhuikln mnj xyi I`h }y}|ikch |nlh} h} wiq}nkh`olhli} i h} oklyuh h
tn`|hqij mnj qèwolh miq|iuh whqh h Dnk|i ln }iy ]iq* h Tolh Wiqdio|h jhkodi}|hlh ij |nlh h iswqi}}ín
is|iqkh+ IY ]NY !IY ]NY! h Wqi}ikæh xyi wqnm`hjh h Mnk}moik|i Lotoklhli H|oth ij jhkodi}|hæín ij
|nlh whq|i+
I h}}oj }iqè( Wnqxyi5 !IY ]NY &IY ]NY& h ]ywqijh wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh+ IY ]NY &IY ]NY& hxyo i &IY
]NY& `è+ Tny wnq |nlh whq|i |nmhkln n} mïqiaqn} lh cyjhkolhli, mnjn }i dnqh mnj yj m`hqín li Qi`ájwhfn,
kín mnj wnliq mnk}yjolnq, jh} mnj !Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! xyi kín jho} ikmnk|qhqè nwn}oæín !+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi}, H`ifqoh i Hjnq lh Fqhkli Cn}|i+
Mnjn ï jhqhto`cn}n, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, jhk|iqli} ki}|h} jhkcí} }iji`chk|i whu i mh`jh wiqdio|h ij
tn}}h} jik|i}( Nc( }i wylï}}io} mnjwqiikliq n th`nq li mnk}iqthq i}}h whu li i}wêqo|n( Kín cè khlh xyi
 ey}|odoxyi }iq i`h wiq|yqahlh+
I}|hthj ai`h} h} tn}}h} ji`nloh} i jhqhto`cn}h} wh`htqh} toqín haikænhq h|qhtï} lh} ji`nloh}+ Ï i}}h
Fqhkli H`ifqoh i Wqi}ikæh
Wqnwy`}nqh, Mnkxyo}|hlnqh, xyi haikænhqè tn}}n `hq, tn}}n jykln i n} lo}mêwy`n} mnj ]yh Wqi}ikæh
F`nqodomhk|i, mnj }yh Wqi}ikæh li nwy`åkmoh d`yokln xyh` qon mhylh`n}n whqh |nln} n} xyi li`h }i douiqij
jiqimilnqi}, wi`h whu i chqjnkoh lh jik|i+
LO]MYQ]N
Li}ien mchjhq tn}}h h|ikæín whqh h Wqi}ikæh H|oth lh Dï, I}wiqhkæh i Mhqolhli+ H i}}i qi}wio|n,
ojhfokhqijn} h Dï mnjn n Mnkxyo}|hlnq Wnliq Ijhkhk|i2 h I}wiqhkæh, mnjn h wnq|h haiq|h h|qhtï} ln tïy,
h|yhkln kh Wqi}ikæh Wyqh2 h Mhqolhli, mnjn h qi}n`yæín li kín wik}hq jh`lhli, kín dh`hq jh`lhli, kín tiq
jh`lhli, kín nytoq jh`lhli, kín }ik|oq jh`lhli+
N} lo}mêwy`n} litij }ijwqi tofohq h H|otolhli Ok|iqkh lh jik|i is|iqkh, i kín }i lioshq ikfhkhq wi`h} hæùi}
li}|h+ O}|n wnli }nhq mnjn yj whqhlnsn, jh} kín ï2 ï jho} ojwnq|hk|i ln xyi whqimi h wqokmêwon+ ]i cnytiq
nmy`|n kh mnk}moåkmoh xyh`xyiq }ik|ojik|n li qi}o}|åkmoh * }ieh i`i li xyi kh|yqiuh dnq * hqqhkmho*n wi`h qhou+
Tý} }haio} xyi o}}n wiq|ikmi hn is|iqkn i }i mn`nmhqè kn mhjokcn lh tn}}h qih`ouhæín whqh }iqtoq li na}|èmy`n
h|ï xyi h is|oqwio}+
Mnk}iqthq yjh lo}wn}oæín hjikh i |qhkxðo`h, lohk|i li xyh`xyiq }o|yhæín, ï n mhjokcn miq|n xyi mnklyu hn
hy|nmnk|qn`i i ç Ji}|qoh Ha}n`y|h+ O}}n ï jyo|n ojwnq|hk|i i oklo}wik}èti` whqh h qih`ouhæín li |yln n xyi
li}ieho}+
Iso}|ij Ji}|qi} Mý}jomn} mnkcimoln} mnjn Dï, I}wiqhkæh i Mhqolhli+ Hn mchjhq tn}}h h|ikæín whqh i}}i}
|qå} wqokmêwon}, }ijwqi h|otn} kh tolh lh cyjhkolhli, xyiqn h}}itiqhq*tn} xyi i`i} kín }ín hwikh} xyh`olhli}
lik|qn li tý} ji}jn}, jh} cè |hjaïj ]iqi} li Fqhkli @yu i hlohk|hjik|n mnkcimoln} mnjn Dï, I}wiqhkæh
i Mhqolhli+ H} wi}}nh} ij fiqh` i n} lo}mêwy`n} xyi }i i}dnqæhj mnk}moik|ijik|i whqh my`|othq i iswhkloq
i}}h} xyh`olhli} ij }iy} jykln}, qimiaiqín fqhkli H}}o}|åkmoh li}}i} Mnk}moik|i} ]iqi} Wnliqn}n}, li myen}
knji} i}}h} xyh`olhli} tåj ç oklotolyh`ouhæín+ ]ín ]iqi} Mý}jomn}, Hy|nmnk}moik|i} i Ok|i`ofik|i}, myeh
i}wimoh` okd`yåkmoh }naqi h cyjhkolhli ï okmik|othq i iswhkloq i}}h} xyh`olhli}+ Wnq|hk|n, xyi |nln} n}
lo}mêwy`n} mnjwqiiklhj |qh|hq*}i li jyo|n jho} ln xyi yjh dqh}i ny iswqi}}ín aêa`omh+
Wqi}ik|ijik|i i}}i} Fqhkli} ]iqi} lioshqhj n !]o`åkmon Mý}jomn! wnq mhy}h lh dh`|h li Dï, I}wiqhkæh i
Mhqolhli kh} jik|i} i mnqhæùi} lh cyjhkolhli+
H dnqæh }oko}|qh, xyi hah`ny h mnkdohkæh, h i}wiqhkæh i h mhqolhli kh} jik|i} li |nln} n} wntn}, i}|è
mnklikhlh h dqhmh}}hq wnq mnjw`i|n+ \nlhtoh, yj fqhkli aikidêmon hoklh hltoqè li yjh h|otolhli
hwhqik|ijik|i iqqhlh+ Mnjn h dnqæh cowký|omh xyi dno fiqhlh }i i}fn|ny, jyo|h} wi}}nh} i}|hqín }i
ok|iqqnfhkln }naqi n xyi h} |iqoh oklyuoln h dhuiq miq|h} mno}h}2 i }yh wqýwqoh qiai`loh wqnlyuoqè h dnqæh xyi
hdokh` }iqè y}hlh whqh mnqqofoq i}}h} mnkloæùi} hltiq}h}+
Liy}, xyi ï Wqnfqi}}n, kín mnkcimi liqqn|h ij mno}h h`fyjh+ Xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} }i `ijaqij }ijwqi lo}}n,
xyi `ci} |nqkhqè wn}}êti` mnk}iqthq h whu i n ixyo`êaqon lh jik|i, |ín kimi}}èqon}+
N Jhei}|n}n ]iq !Mhqolhli! wn}}yo yjh dnqæh kh|yqh` mnk}yjolnqh whqh lo}}n`tiq i hkoxyo`hq n ýlon, h mqê|omh
i h mik}yqh, i ijwqifh n} Qhon} Mý}jomn} mnjn dnqæh ixyo`oaqhlnqh kn ï|iq, li nkli n} }iqi} cyjhkn}
is|qhij n wqýwqon h`ik|n i }y}|ik|n+ H}}oj, hwi}hq li |yln, h} cnjik} i}|ín ha}nqtikln n Dnfn li}}i} Qhon}+
]haio} xyi xyhkln h`fyïj li}jhoh, jyo|h} tiui} mn`nmhj*}i }ho} li hjnkêhmn }na h khqou lh wi}}nh+ O}|n ï n
xyi qih`jik|i i}|è nmnqqikln }na n khqou lh cyjhkolhli+ I`h i}|è hfnqh qi}woqhkln i}}h Wqi}ikæh

<4
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Mnk}yjolnqh+ #Wilo hn} tn}}n} lo}mêwy`n} kín lo}my|oqij i}}i dh|n mnj wi}}nh} li}mqik|i}, wnqïj ï li to|h`
ojwnq|ákmoh xyi n} i}|ylhk|i} n mnjwqiiklhj/+
Xyiqn dqo}hq hxyo yjh xyi}|ín jyo|n ojwnq|hk|i5 whqh n lo}mêwy`n }ïqon i }okmiqn, cè okõjiqn} jion} li
qimiaiq h}}o}|åkmoh, jyo|n} ln} xyho}, ijanqh y|o`ê}}ojn}, `ci }ín ok|ioqhjik|i li}mnkcimoln}2 |nlhtoh, i`i n}
h|qho whqh }o xyhkln }iy li}ien li @yu ï }okmiqn+
Li}wqinmywhq*}i li |yln i doqjhq*}i, mnj h`ifqoh i li|iqjokhæín, ki}|h Ykh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!,
wqnwnqmonkhqè h mhlh yj li tý} yj d`ysn mnk|êkyn li to|ýqoh}+ I}dnqæn h`fyj, dio|n ij !Knji i kh Wqi}ikæh
xyi Iy ]ny! * ehjho} wnliqè dh`chq, hk|i} cè li wqn}}ifyoq li to|ýqoh ij to|ýqoh, h|ï xyi hxyi`i xyi }i i}dnqæh
i}|ieh hw|n h y}hq n Mi|qn ln Lnjêkon Ha}n`y|n+
Li}ien okmik|othq i qidnqæhq h ojwnq|ákmoh lh @io lh Wiqlín }naqi h mnk}moåkmoh ij li}iktn`tojik|n+ N jnln
mnqqi|h li dhuiq hfoq h @io lh Wiqlín ï louiq5 !IY ]NY h @io ln Wiqlín i lh Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh li |nlh
hæín li}hqjnkon}h lh mnk}moåkmoh cyjhkh!+ O}}n wùi ij jntojik|n h hæín mnjw`i|h+
Xyhkln ijwqifho} h hdoqjhæín5 !Iy mchjn h @io ln Wiqlín!, kij }ijwqi i}|ho} mnjw`i|hkln h hæín, wnqxyi
wqimo}ho} |iq mnk}moåkmoh li xyij }ieh i nkli }i ikmnk|qh i}}h Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi hy|nqouh }iy myjwqojik|n+
]ijwqi xyi na}iqtn n} lo}mêwy`n}, tiqodomn }iq ojwnq|hk|i mnk|okyhq ok}o}|okln dqixðik|ijik|i }naqi n y}n lh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnqxyi I`h eè i}|è qih`ouhkln mno}h} kn|ètio} whqh i`i}+ Jiy wqýwqon ]iq isy`|h xyhkln
tien, ik|qi n} lo}mêwy`n}, hxyi`i} myeh h|ikæín }i jhk|ïj mnj li|iqjokhæín }naqi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
mnktiq|ikln*}i kyj ojí whqh h @yu i mnjn i}}h @yu }i wqnei|h whqh iktn`tiq mhlh xyh`, lh ji}jh jhkioqh
xyi yjh jíi haqhæh }iy do`cn hjhln+ Wyli}}ij h} cyjhkn} tiq i mnjwqiikliq o}}n, wnq yj jnjik|n
hwikh}, i }yh li|iqjokhæín }i |qhk}dnqjhqoh kyjh Mchjh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh, lh xyh` kín wnliqohj ha}|iq*}i+
H nmh}oín cnei ï wqnwêmoh, i iy ikton h mhlh yj ln} lo}mêwy`n} yjh Mnk}moik|i I}diqh li @yu iktn`tikln n
mnqhæín i n mïqiaqn li |nln}, whqh xyi wn}}hj qimiaiq mnk|okyhjik|i h Aåkæín mnk}moik|i lh !Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Hmqilo|n xyi h jhonqoh }ik|oqè o}}n+ ]ok|hj ny kín, khlh wnli ok|iqdiqoq ij ]yh Hæín
whqh haikænè*`n}+
Whqh hxyi`i} haikænhln} xyi }i lidqnk|hj ç} tiui} mnj wiq|yqahæùi} kn `hq, }yfoqn xyi ijwqifyij i}|h
hdoqjhæín, }ik|okln* h wqndyklhjik|i5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh nqlikhkln Whu, Hjnq i
Chqjnkoh kn jiy `hq i hjaoik|i!+ Xyij xyiq xyi y}i i}|h }ik|ikæh mnj li|iqjokhæín, wnliqè |iq kn `hq yjh
h|jn}diqh li whu, hjnq i chqjnkoh+ H`fyk} wnliqín |iq kimi}}olhli li hdoqjhq mnj tiijåkmoh whqh mcifhq h
iswiqojik|hq }yh hæín mnk|êkyh+ Jyo|h} tiui} na|iqín qi}y`|hln} ojiloh|n}+ Mnk}|qyoq o}}n kh mnk}moåkmoh ï
qimnkcimiq h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnjn Wnliq Fntiqkhk|i kn} `hqi}, wnqxyi I`h ï kh|yqh`jik|i h Wqi}ikæh
Fntiqkhk|i+
]i n} lo}mêwy`n} i oklotêlyn}, ij fiqh`, xyi |åj lodomy`lhli ij jhk|iq n hy|nmnk|qn`i, xyo}iqij }ik|hq*}i
|qhkxðo`hjik|i lyqhk|i mokmn joky|n}, }ik|okln wqndyklhjik|i i wik}hkln mnk}ofn ji}jn} !IY ]NY h
Hjnqn}h Mhqolhli!, iswiqojik|hqín yjh }ik}hæín li fqhkli h`êton+
Whqh li}jhon}5 }haio xyi n oklotêlyn kykmh li}jhoh, hwikh} h wiq}nkh`olhli+ Wnq mnk}ifyok|i, }i h`fyïj xyi
|ij n cèao|n li li}jhohq limoloq mnj li|iqjokhæín xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Lnjokhk|i, xyi wqnêai i}|i
ha}yqln i jhk|ïj n mnk|qn`i li jokch jik|i i jiy mnqwn i|iqkhjik|i!, wnliqè `otqhq*}i li}}h |iklåkmoh
whqh }ijwqi+
Xyhkln h`fyïj }ik|oq n jiknq }ok|njh xyi }ieh, liti qhwolhjik|i hln|hq h mnk}moåkmoh li xyi5 !IY ]NY h
Wqi}ikæh xyi mnjhklh i jhk|ïj jokch mnk}moåkmoh hxyo!+ Mhlh xyh` liti mnjwqiikliq xyi, }na n mnjhkln
lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, |ij mnk|qn`i ha}n`y|n ln wqýwqon mnqwn+ Xyhk|n jho} ijwqifhq i}}h hdoqjhæín, |hk|n
jho} qhwolhjik|i i`h }i jhkodi}|hqè+
W+ * ]i n Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh` ï n Mik|qn ln Mnqhæín ln Okdoko|n, nkli i}|è hxyi`i xyi qiwqi}ik|h n mik|qn ln
mïqiaqn>
Q+ * !Kn i}|hln wyqn, }ieh kn okdoko|n ny kn doko|n, xyhkln kín cè ojwiqdioæín, h} h|otolhli} ln mïqiaqn i ln
mnqhæín |nqkhj*}i Yjh, wnqxyi h dnqæh jn|qou li |nlh h h|otolhli ijhkhlh ï &Hjnq wqntikoik|i ln
Mnqhæín&!+
Wnq mnk}ifyok|i, kn i}|hln wyqn, mnqhæín i mïqiaqn }ín }okükojn}, wno} kn êk|ojn ln Hjnq Lotokn i}|ín
mnk|oln} Hjnq, ]hailnqoh i Wnliq+
H Ikiqfoh Okdoko|h i}|è }ijwqi ç i}wiqh li }iq ijwqifhlh, jh} }ý h|yh kh tolh ln oklotêlyn wi`n mnjhkln
mnk}moik|i i mcifh h yj wqnfqi}}n |h` nkli n} dh|n} nmnqqij |ín ok}|hk|hkihjik|i, xyi whqimi }iq hy|njè|omn,
jh} kh qih`olhli kín ï h}}oj+
Cè ism`y}othjik|i yj mhjokcn whqh h Ji}|qoh hy|nmnk}moik|i, xyi ï h loqiæín mnk}moik|i lh Ikiqfoh I|iqkh
whqh |yln xyi li}iehqli} i o}}n tn} mnklyuoqè h yj ny|qn wnk|n li ojwnq|ákmoh to|h`+
N li}ien ï yjh hæín okloqi|h lh h|ikæín, jh} n li}ien }y}|ik|hln wi`n ijwqifn lh h|ikæín doshlh }i
|qhk}dnqjh ij yjh jhkodi}|hæín oktikmêti`+ O}|n tn} lhqè yjh `ofioqh olïoh li mnjn ï ojwnq|hk|i xyi h
loqiæín mnk}moik|i }ieh mnkeyfhlh mnj n li}ien+ N ijwqifn mnk}moik|i lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ny n y}n
mnk}moik|ijik|i loqofoln li}}h ikiqfoh i|iqkh whqh yjh li|iqjokhlh qih`ouhæín, litiqè }i mnk}|o|yoq }ijwqi

<6
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
li yj i}dnqæn qiw`i|n li h`ifqoh+ Kykmh, }na kikcyj h}wim|n, }iq mnjn yj |qhah`cn }na |ik}ín wnqxyi,
xyhkln lim`hqho}5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh, h Ok|i`ofåkmoh loqofokln i}|h ikiqfoh whqh yj li|iqjokhln wqnwý}o|n!,
wnkli} ij jntojik|n h @io li yj jnln mh`jn i wiqdio|hjik|i kh|yqh`2 i o}}n kín qixyiq kikcyj i}dnqæn li
!hqqiwohq n} mhai`n}!+ Wnq|hk|n, n jnln li wqnmiliq liti }iq }ijwqi |qhkxðo`n, }iqikn i qi}n`y|n+
N lo}mêwy`n litiqoh i}|hq }ijwqi moik|i li xyi i`i kykmh i`ifi n Ji}|qi, jh} ï n Ji}|qi Xyij i}mn`ci n
lo}mêwy`n i }i i}|i mnjwqiikli}}i o}}n, n} qi}y`|hln} hwhqimiqohj `nfn+ Whqh mnk|h|hq n} Ji}|qi}
H}mik}onkhln}, y}ho5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi wqiwhqh n mhjokcn i i}|hai`imi mnk|h|n to}êti` mnj n}
Hjhln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}!+
Mnj n ijwqifn lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, |ikli} n w`ikn lnjêkon i n mnk|qn`i o`ojo|hln }naqi |nlh} h}
mnkloæùi} wiq|yqahlnqh}+ Xyhkln dh`ho} kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, dh`ho} kh !Wqi}ikæh! xyi n ]iq H}mik}onkhln
Ï+ Litio} mnjwqiikliq wqndyklhjik|i xyi, xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY!, ï n W`ikn Wnliq li Liy} h|yhkln, i
kín mnkcimi dqhmh}}n li i}wïmoi h`fyjh+

<3
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H}|qn`nfoh !Kín!
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc( Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh, h Jhei}|hli li !IY ]NY! ij |nln `yfhq( Ký}
qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} ç \yh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh ij |nlh whq|i, \yh Ikiqfoh i Wnliq Nkowiki|qhk|i},
}ijwqi jhk|oln} hwnq|h lh kn}}h mnk}moåkmoh whqh }iqij y}hln}* whqh xyi Ký} wn}}hjn} mnk}moik|ijik|i
loqofo*`n} h doj li jhkodi}|hqij \yh Jhqhto`cn}h Wiqdioæín+ I|iqkhjik|i qiklijn*|i `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq \yh
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh+
\qhfn*tn} ]hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh, xyi }ijwqi wqi}|h ]yh H}}o}|åkmoh whqh xyi wn}}ho}
jhkodi}|hq Wiqdioæín+
LO]MYQ]N
Lh f`nqon}h w`iko|yli lh @yu i ]ya}|ákmoh li Liy} Nkowqi}ik|i, wqntïj h hayklákmoh li |nlh} h} mno}h}+
N lo}mêwy`n xyi dnq ah}|hk|i dnq|i i doqji whqh }y}|ik|hq*}i }njik|i mnj h }yh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
kín lotolokln kykmh, wnq yj jnjik|n }ixyiq, h Wqi}ikæh i n wnliq li Liy}, hmchq*}i*è h}miklikln
mnk}|hk|ijik|i whqh hxyi`h Wnliqn}h Wiqdioæín, i `otqi whqh }ijwqi li |nlh olïoh ny }yajo}}ín h xyh`xyiq
`ojo|hæín+
Ï qih`jik|i hdnq|ykhln n lo}mêwy`n xyi wyliq }i jhk|iq ki}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh+ Ij aikidomon li h`fyk}
lo}mêwy`n}, xyi hwi}hq li jyo|n }okmiqn} i}|ín wiqjo|okln, okmnk}moik|ijik|i, xyi }yh h|ikæín }ieh hdh}|hlh
li}|h Wqi}ikæh Okloto}h, li}ien iswnq h`fyk} dh|n} }ij xyh`xyiq ok|ikæín li ojo}myoq*ji kn `otqi*hqaê|qon li
mhlh yj+
N} qifo}|qn} xyi mo|hqio i}|ín ij Kn}}n wnliq, i haqhkfij n} õ`|ojn} mij hkn}+
Hxyo`n }naqi xyi li}ien cnei dh`hq qidiqi*}i ç o`y}ín lh h}|qn`nfoh+ Kikcyj }iq totik|i wnliqè hn ji}jn
|ijwn nmywhq*}i lh h}|qn`nfoh i wiki|qhq kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i `è }i jhk|iq+ Wnq |qè} lh wqè|omh h|yh` lh
h}|qn`nfoh i}|ín n} li}ien} cyjhkn} i h nwnq|ykolhli li ey}|odomhq i }h|o}dhuiq n} li}ien} ln is|iqkn+ H
wqnwý}o|n, liosho*ji qi`h|hq yj dh|n i}whk|n}n xyi }i ikmnk|qh ij kn}}n} hqxyotn}5 !Kín cè mno}h h`fyjh
kij dh}i li i}|yln xyi |ikch nqofokhln jhonqi} dqhmh}}n} ny jhonq kõjiqn li mqoji} okloqi|n} ln xyi h
dqhyli mhy}hlh wi`h h}|qn`nfoh h|yh`!+
Kh molhli li Mcomhfn totoh, cè wnymn} hkn}, yj aqo`chk|i i}|ylhk|i li ji|hdê}omh xyi, wnq |iq hmio|hln
mnk}moik|ijik|i h o`y}ín ln }iy cnqý}mnwn, dno `ithln hn }yomêlon+
Hxyo`n li xyi jho} h cyjhkolhli kimi}}o|h, i n} lo}mêwy`n} hmojh li |yln, ï ok|ifqhq*}i kh Mnk}moåkmoh lh
!Wnliqn}h wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, qnmch doqji }naqi h xyh` wnliqín wiqjhkimiq h }h`tn, `otqi} ln} hao}jn} xyi
mnk}|o|yij h} jhxyokhæùi} is|iqkh}+ Kín }ín n} qi`h|n} kifh|otn} lh jnq|i ij wiq}wim|oth, kij h mchjhlh
jè }nq|i ln li}|okn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} wqimo}hj mnkcimiq, jh} h Oktikmêti` Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! xyi wqiikmci
|yln i ï h õkomh i |nlh tolh li }iy} }iqi}, whqh nkli n mnqhæín liti }iq loqofoln i jhk|oln mnj doqjiuh+
Kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, kín cè h`|yqh xyi n lo}mêwy`n kín wn}}h h`mhkæhq jh}, }i wiqjo|oq xyi h }yh h|ikæín
}i li|ikch ij h}|qn`nfoh, kyjiqn`nfoh i kh} jyo|h} !`nfoh}! lh ïwnmh h|yh`, kín cè hao}jn ij xyi kín wn}}h
mhoq+
Kn} loh} h|yho}, n ijwqifn lh h}|qn`nfoh kín |ij kikcyjh }iji`chkæh mnj n ijwqifn xyi `ci iqh lhln cè
}ïmy`n} h|qè}+ Khxyi`i |ijwn, i`h kín mnklyuoh h mnkm`y}ùi} kifh|oth} li i}wïmoi h`fyjh+ N fqhkli jh` li
doshq h h|ikæín kh h}|qn`nfoh ï xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} hmio|hj n} wqnfký}|omn} kifh|otn} jyo|n jho} ln xyi i}|ín
xyiqikln hljo|oq+
H dnqæh }oko}|qh kifh|oth fiqhlh kn jykln wi`h cyjhkolhli }ijwqi }i wqith`imi li}}h} mno}h} whqh h|qhoq i
wqikliq h h|ikæín, i}wimoh`jik|i h ln lo}mêwy`n xyi i}|è wqnfqilokln, i h}}oj jhk|å*`n khxyo`n xyi n
hqqh}|hqè whqh ahosn, ij tiu li n i`ithq+
Xyhkln, kyj cnqý}mnwn, ï oklomhlh h jnq|i li h`fyïj, tèqoh} jik|i} }i doshj ki}}h olïoh i okloqi|hjik|i
yj tiqlhlioqn h}}h}}okh|n ï mnji|oln+ O}}n li dnqjh |ín }y|o`, xyi n} oklotêlyn} domhqohj cnqqnqouhln} }i `ci}
dn}}i lijnk}|qhln xyi |otiqhj ki`i h`fyjh whq|omowhæín2 jh} i}|h ï h tiqlhli+
]i wylï}}io} tiq, wnq yj loh xyi dn}}i, ln Fqhkli Wnk|n*li*To}|h Ok|iqkn, h dnqæh li}|qy|oth fiqhlh i
ijwqifhlh h|qhtï} ln y}n lh h}|qn`nfoh kn wqi}ik|i, dyfoqêio} li`h mnjn li yjh }iqwik|i tikikn}h ç i}wiqh
li tn} `hkæhq n tikikn jnq|êdiqn ij tn}}h} tioh}+
Iy tn} lofn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, ij knji lh tn}}h @yu i ln tn}}n wqnfqi}}n, jhk|ikli*tn} kn ok|iqonq lh
tn}}h wqýwqoh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Kín wiqjo|ho} xyi tn}}h h|ikæín }ieh li}tohlh ny lotololh wnq
xyh`xyiq mno}h is|iqkh, }i xyo}iqli} ito|hq h qnlh li qikh}mojik|n} oklidokolhjik|i+
Litoln hn Fqhkli Hjnq ln Jiy Mnqhæín * tikln i }haikln ln Wnk|n*li*To}|h Ok|iqkn, hn xyh` hoklh kín
|ikli} hmi}}n * Iy tn} hmnk}i`cn ito|hq |yln n xyi |ikch }hanq h yjh iswqi}}ín ny mnkloæín kifh|oth+ Ik|ín,
h}mikliqio} kh} H}h} lh tn}}h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, whqh h `oaiqlhli i aij*htik|yqhkæh lh Wiqdio|h,
I|iqkh, O`ojo|hlh @yu+ Mnjn lo}}i, kín li}ien li jhkioqh h`fyjh ok|qnji|iq*ji kn tn}}n `otqi*hqaê|qon, jh}
h} Wnq|h} lh @oaiqlhli I|iqkh i}|ín haiq|h} lohk|i li tý}, ah}|hkln xyi hmqilo|io} kh Tiqlhli xyi Iy tn}

<?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
|ikcn loty`fhln, i xyi tn} wiqjo|oqè ik|qhq wnq i}}h} Wnq|h} i qimiaiq h I|iqkh Aåkæín lh @yu xyi h`o i}|è ç
i}wiqh whqh tn} iktn`tiq+
]i cnytiq mnkloæùi} ij tn}}h tolh, tn}}n `hq ny hjaoik|i, li xyi li}ieho} tn} `oaiq|hq, nqlikho * h|qhtï} lh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! * xyi i`h} }iehj lo}}n`tolh} i mnk}yjolh} lohk|i li ]yh Wnliqn}h @yu i Wnliq+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi tn} ikmnk|qho} }na i}|h qhlohæín, kín |nmhqijn} jho} ki}|i h}}yk|n mnktn}mn+ Wn}}h h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! lik|qn li tý} |nqkhq*tn} mhwhui} li tiq h @yu i h Tiqlhli ln xyi tn} dh`io+
Iy to, ij tn}}n ok|iqonq, h @yu F`nqon}h xyi wnli }iq h|othlh h|ï |qhk}dnqjhq*}i kyjh Oqqhlohæín
Li}`yjaqhk|i, wiqjo|okln*tn} iswqi}}hq h Wiqdioæín+ Wnq o}}n, li jokch i}wnk|ákih tnk|hli, ndiqimo Jokch
cyjo`li h}}o}|åkmoh, wnqïj }i h wiq}nkh`olhli wiq}o}|i ij lioshq h h|ikæín wiqjhkimiq ij xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi
kín }ieh h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! * xyi }io }iq h jho} Wnliqn}h i õkomh Wqi}ikæh \qhk}jy|hlnqh mhwhu
li qi}n`tiq |nln} n} wqna`ijh} * ik|ín Jiy} cyjo`li} i}dnqæn} |iqín }oln ij tín+
H}}ifyqn*tn}, xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, mcifh}|i} h yj wnk|n ij xyi litio} }yaoq ny li}miq+ Mnj h tn}}h
mnk}|hk|i i li|iqjokhlh h|ikæín doqjijik|i jhk|olh kh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, kín cè mnkloæín,
dnqæh ny wqi}ikæh kh \iqqh ny kn Mïy, mhwhu li ojwiloq kn}}h jhqhto`cn}h i f`nqon}h qih`ouhæín lik|qn lh
I|iqkh @oaiqlhli i Wiqdioæín+
]i kín wn}}yê} lik|qn li tý} Hxyo`n xyi tn} dhu }ik|oq i tn} dh`h ln Fqhkli Hjnq Lotokn, xyi Ji wiqjo|i
iswqi}}hq*tn} |yln o}|n whqh tn}}h wqn|iæín, ik|ín litijn} i}wiqhq n jnjik|n ij xyi I}|h Tiqlhli }yqeh ij
tý}+
Xyhkln lo}mêwy`n} i oklotêlyn} ij fiqh`, liwno} li |iqij mnjwqiikloln i qimnkcimoln h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!, wiqjo|oqij, hwi}hq lo}}n, xyi }yh h|ikæín }i wqiklh h mno}h} i}|qhkch} }ieh mnk}moik|i ny
okmnk}moik|ijik|i #wnymh lodiqikæh dhu/, i}|hqín tn`|hkln li`oaiqhlhjik|i h} mn}|h} ç !Wqi}ikæh!, xyi ï h
Dnk|i li }iy ]iq i h Tolh lik|qn li }o ji}jn}+ Lim`hqn mnj |nln n Hjnq ln jiy ]iq5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh!
xyi tn} mhwhmo|h tiq i }ik|oq i}|h Tiqlhli, wiqjhkimiq mnj I`h i lik|qn l&I`h ij aikidêmon ln tn}}n wqýwqon
wqnfqi}}n+
Hxyi`i} xyi }i hwifhqij mnj ah}|hk|i doqjiuh i mnktomæín h I}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, ikmnk|qhqín ij }yh
iswiqoåkmoh wqnth} hayklhk|i} li ]iy Wnliq i Ok|i`ofåkmoh O`ojo|hln}+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( Jyo|h} Jín} lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh i}|ín i}|iklolh} whqh tý}, h doj li wqi}|hq ]yh
h}}o}|åkmoh xyhkln wyliqli} jhk|iq tn}}h h|ikæín okloto}h kh !H|oth Wqi}ikæh li Liy}! ij tý}, i `è tn}
mnk}iqthqli} okhmi}}êtio} ç okd`yåkmoh li |nlh hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh+
!H Tiqlhli ï Wnliqn}h i wqith`imi!+ Wqnmyqho }ik|oq |nln n |ijwn ]yh Jhei}|n}h Wqi}ikæh+ Ï yj iqqn lh
whq|i ln lo}mêwy`n }ik|oq*}i li}hwnk|hln wi`n dh|n li yjh li|iqjokhlh mno}h, }naqi h xyh` |ikch |qhah`chln,
kín }i jhkodi}|hq ok}|hk|hkihjik|i+ O}}n nmnqqi wnqxyi i`i kín fiqny ikiqfoh i wnliq }ydomoik|i} whqh
wqnlyuo*`h mnj h qhwoliu li}iehlh+ H h|ikæín liti i}|hq }ijwqi kn !IY ]NY! }njik|i+
]ywnkchjn} xyi Iy lim`hqh}}i5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY& ij Hæín!, i liwno}, yjh cnqh jho}
|hqli, wiqjo|o}}i xyi jokch h|ikæín }i dosh}}i ij yj cnqý}mnwn li}dhtnqèti` ny kyjh ny|qh mnkloæín xyi
oklomh}}i h`fyj okdnq|õkon+ Kín tili} mnjn o}}n hky`hqoh h hdoqjhæín xyi iy douiqh whqh `oaiqhq n Wnliq li
@oaiq|hæín>
Ei}y} lo}}i5 !Kín wnlio} }iqtoq h lno} }ikcnqi}!+ O}}n }ofkodomh xyi kín wnlio} lotoloq h h|ikæín “ wnqxyi
litio} whqhq, n`chq i i}my|hq+ Iy tn} wqitokn5 kín wnliqio} wqnfqiloq }i liqli} wnliq h xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi kín
}ieh tn}}h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Okdi`oujik|i, n xyi }i wh}}h mnj |hk|n} i}|ylhk|i} ï xyi kín }i
mnk}iqthj wnq jyo|n |ijwn i mnj ah}|hk|i doqjiuh kh Wnliqn}h Tiqlhli ln }iy ]iq, h doj li fiqhq h ikiqfoh
i dnqæh kimi}}èqoh} whqh qi}o}|oq ç okd`yåkmoh lh }yfi}|ín i lh hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh+
N xyi ji mhy}h i}|qhkciuh ï xyi, yjh tiu h|qhêlh h h|ikæín ln} lo}mêwy`n} whqh n Wnliq \n|h` lh !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY! * Õkomn Wqokmêwon H|otn lh Tolh xyi wn}}yij, Liy} ij Hæín, lik|qn i ij |nqkn li`i} * kín
wiqmiahj xyi i}|ín lotolokln n wnliq, xyhkln h h|ikæín ï doshlh ij mno}h} ln is|iqonq, qi|hqlhkln h}}oj h
h|otolhli jhfkêdomh i h qih`ouhæín xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, li ny|qn jnln, wqnlyuoqoh+ \nlhtoh, |ikln
wh}}hln wi`h ji}jh iswiqoåkmoh, wn}}yêjn} whmoåkmoh okdoko|h whqh i}wiqhq h|ï xyi n hjhln lo}mêwy`n wn}}h
ijwykchq }iy Mi|qn li Lnjêkon li}|h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i }y}|ik|è*`n+
Iy wnliqoh hwqi}ik|hq*tn} wqnth} lh} jho} i}whk|n}h}, ln} mqoji} mnji|oln} loh*h*loh }na h }yfi}|ín lh
h}|qn`nfoh+ H }yfi}|ín lhlh wùi h @io ij hæín whqh qih`ouè*`h+ Xyhkln tn}}h h|ikæín qimho }naqi yqkh
li|iqjokhlh mno}h, n wnliq xyi iso}|i lik|qn li tý} ji}jn} loqofi*}i ok}|hk|hkihjik|i whqh i`h+ ]i n}
h}|qý`nfn} kín mi}}hqij li jhk|iq wik}hjik|n li jnq|i mnk|qh |h` wi}}nh+++, i`h jnqqiqè+ Ï yj h|n mqojokn}n+
I`h ï yjh do`ch li Liy} i |ij loqio|n li totiq hxyo n |ijwn xyi `ci dno limqi|hln+ Cè mqoji} jyo|n wonqi} xyi
n h}}h}}okh|n dê}omn, li jhkioqh |h` xyi kín iso}|i |iqjn li mnjwhqhæín, to}|n }iqij mnji|oln}
li`oaiqhlhjik|i wnq wi}}nh} moik|i} ln xyi dhuij+ Cè yjh hæín miq|h i okdh`êti` lh @io, o}|n ï, n} xyi
wqh|omhj i}}h} mno}h} litij whfhq n wqiæn li yjh iswiqoåkmoh }iji`chk|i+

97
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Mnk|qh }yfi}|ùi} kifh|oth} li ny|qij, louio5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh hky`hkln |yln o}}n whqh xyi kín wn}}h ji
hdi|hq, kij h jiy `hq kij h jiy jykln!+ H mno}h jho} dèmo` ln jykln ï lo}}owhq mnk}moik|ijik|i h`fn xyi
}ieh wqnkykmohln ij tn}}h wqi}ikæh+ Louio }ojw`i}jik|i5 !IY ]NY h õkomh Wqi}ikæh h|yhkln hxyo!+
Whqh hxyo`n xyi kín li}ieho} xyi mnk|okyi, louio5 !H|qhtï} lh Wqi}ikæh xyi IY ]NY, o}|n mi}}hqè hfnqh i whqh
}ijwqi!+ I}dnqæho* tn} ko}}n mnjn }i dü}}io} liqqyahq yjh jyqh`ch+ Xyhkln qih`jik|i }ik|o} i w`hkieho}
h`fyjh mno}h, wnkli} ij hæín n wnliq xyi h qih`ouh+ Wqnmyqho ik|ikliq n Wnliq O`ojo|hln xyi }i ikmnk|qh ç
tn}}h lo}wn}oæín+
Kh }ik}hæín, |hk|n iso}|i to}ín mnjn hyloæín, wnqxyi wnlijn} nytoq i tiq }ij ijwqifhq i}}h} dhmy`lhli}+
Xyhkln h`fyïj }i |nqkh mn`ïqomn, ok}|hk|hkihjik|i i}}i }ik|ojik|n okthli ny|qh} i}diqh} }ojo`hqi} i n
hmõjy`n li}}h ikiqfoh kifh|oth }i wqnwhfh+ N jiln ï yj mhkh` haiq|n wnq jion ln xyh` |nlh} h} ny|qh}
h|otolhli} li}|qy|oth} }ín lo}}ijokhlh}+ Xyhkln h} mno}h} }i dhuij mnk}moik|ijik|i, |åj jyo|n jhonq wnliq+
H ikiqfoh, yjh tiu `oaiqhlh, h|yh wnqxyi h wi}}nh h mn`nmny ij jntojik|n, i kín dhu lodiqikæh }i dno yj qio
ny yj ikfqhsh|i+
Xyhkln n} }ik|oln} }ín ismo|hln}, i`i} wiqmiaij i}}i ok}|hk|i+ Wnlio} }ik|hq*tn} i nytoq yjh mnktiq}h
li}|qy|oth }ij xyi o}}n tn} hdi|i, li}li xyi mnk|qn`io} n }ik|ojik|n kn w`isn }n`hq+ Mno}h h`fyjh wnliqè
wiki|qhq ij tn}}n jykln, h jikn} xyi wiqjo|ho}+
Ehjho} aikidêmon h`fyj wüli hltoq ln enfn+ Miq|h }ikcnqh, ij li|iqjokhlh ïwnmh, |iti yj jhqhto`cn}n wnliq
i okd`yåkmoh ij |nqkn li }o2 mnjiæny h enfhq, i kín }ý wiqliy n wnliq mnjn n lokcioqn+ Kín ï ji`cnq jhk|iq*
}i kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ln xyi ij yj mhkh` li enfn> Xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi wqiklh tn}}h h|ikæín ï yjh
h|otolhli }y|o` ln is|iqonq whqh tn} qi|oqhq h `oaiqlhli+
Whqh na|iq `oaiqlhli dokhkmioqh5 !IY ]NY h} qoxyiuh} li Liy} d`yokln whqh jokch} jín} i jiy y}n, xyi khlh
wnli li|iq!+
Louio mnj dqixðåkmoh5 !H Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY& fntiqkh |nln n mhkh` xyi iso}|i ij jhkodi}|hæín+ I`h fntiqkh
|yln!+
Iswiqoåkmoh li yj lo}mêwy`n5 i`i toqh i nytoqh yjh isw`n}ín li @yu, ikxyhk|n n mnqwn dê}omn lnqjoh+ ]i
|oti}}i lo|n mnk}moik|ijik|i hn nytoq h isw`n}ín5 !Iy ha}nqtn ij jokch jik|i i mnqwn h Dnqæh lh Isw`n}ín
li @yu!, |iqoh qimiaoln }iy aikidêmon, wno} h @yu iqh h `oaiq|hæín li h`fyk} wnliqi}+ Ij |ho} moqmyk}|ákmoh}, n
ojwnq|hk|i whqh n lo}mêwy`n ï wiqjhkimiq h`iq|h, i ij mhlh jhkodi}|hæín mnk}moik|ijik|i ha}nqtiq ]iy
wnliq+ Qifnuoeho*tn}, wnqxyi ï n Fqhkli Wnliq lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ij hæín, lhkln*tn} ]yh Dnqæh i
Wnliq+
Nqlikho ç jijýqoh is|iqkh xyi qi|ikch i |qhfh whqh tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh |yln n xyi li}ieho} }haiq+ Xyhkln
y}ho} h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnkli} h @io ij hæín i I`h kín wnli dh`chq+
Liy} }njik|i h|yh h|qhtï} lh mnk}moåkmoh ln} oklotêlyn}, li ny|qn jnln I`i kín n} |iqoh hxyo+ Liy} }ý wnli
hfoq kn jykln dê}omn h|qhtï} li }yh} oklotolyh`ouhæùi}, i ji}jn |nlh h kh|yqiuh ï fntiqkhlh wnq ok|i`ofåkmoh
oklotolyh` * n }n`n, h} w`hk|h}, |yln+
I}|ín nkowqi}ik|i} |nlh h dnqæh i |nlh h ikiqfoh kimi}}èqoh} h yj li|iqjokhln wqnwý}o|n, xyhkln `oaiqhlh}
wi`h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ H}}oj, wi`n ijwqifn lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnlio} `oaiqhq wnliq ln xyh` kín
|ikli} kikcyjh olïoh+
Lyqhk|i h fyiqqh li 8?8< h 8?83 xyhkln Dnmc lim`hqny5 !I`i} kín wh}}hqín!, wü} ij `oaiqlhli n wnliq
h|qhtï} ln xyh` hxyi`h nqlij dno myjwqolh+ I`i i}|otiqh ij nqhæín wnq jho} li yjh cnqh i hn }hoq i}|hth |ín
mhqqifhln mnj Ikiqfoh li Liy}, xyi xyhkln ijo|oy n mnjhkln |nqkny*}i h Wqi}ikæh Fntiqkhk|i whqh h}
mnkloæùi} h|jn}dïqomh} ij }iy qilnq, i Liy} hfoy+ H} wh`htqh} * !I`i} kín wh}}hqín! mnk}|o|yij yj limqi|n+
Ï lokájomn, wnliqn}n, qih`, i `oaiqh yj wnliq |qijikln+ Cè }njik|i Yj Wnliq xyi h|yh+ Lho*`ci w`ikh
@oaiqlhli+
Wiqjhkimio mnj I@I i liosho xyi I@I heh+ Jhk|ikli*tn} k&I@I i mnj I@I+ Kín cè kikcyj ny|qn wnliq
whqh hfoq+ Lo}}n qi}y`|h yj wqnfqi}}n mnk|êkyn, mnjn h kiti li}mikln lh jnk|hkch+ I}|ho} hthkæhkln
mnk}|hk|ijik|i i mnkxyo}|hkln yjh qi}iqth li ikiqfoh hmyjy`hlh% mnk|qh h xyh` khlh wnli wqith`imiq+ Ï yj
ojwy`}n, wnliq i jion okdh`êti` li h`mhkæhq |nlh} h} mno}h} anh}+ Kín cè lnjêkon wiqjhkik|i h kín }iq li}}h
jhkioqh+
Whqh `ojwiuh, louio dqixðik|ijik|i5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh hxyo xyi jhk|ïj jokch qnywh i jiy `hq
ojhmy`hlhjik|i `ojwn}!+ Liwno} li h`fyj |ijwn, h dnqæh }i |nqkh |ín wnliqn}h, xyi ok}|hk|hkihjik|i
mnk}nji ny qiwi`i |yln xyi }ieh okli}ieèti`+ Xyhk|n jho} mnk}moik|ijik|i hfo} }naqi yjh mno}h, |hk|n jho}
mnkmik|qhlh i`h }i |nqkh+
Xyhkln louio}5 !H Wqi}ikæh xyi IY ]NY mhqqifh o}|n mnj Hjnq, Ikiqfoh, Wnliq, i|m+!, wnlio} mhqqifhq h
èfyh |ín wnliqn}hjik|i xyi i}|h diqti mnj n wnliq lh ikiqfoh h`o mnkmik|qhlh+ Kín liosio} xyi mno}h h`fyjh
ij tn}}h jik|i lytoli lh idomoåkmoh li tn}}n mnjhkln+
Mhlh tiu xyi nqlikhqli} louio5 !IY }io xyi jokch nqlij i}|è h|yhkln mnj |nln wnliq!+ Litio} }haiq5
N xyi n !IY ]NY! }ofkodomh(

98
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N xyi I@I ï whqh tý}(
N xyi I@I wnli dhuiq(
Mnjwiki|qho*tn} lo}}n i wqn}}ifyo mnj li|iqjokhæín okhah`èti`+
Ij tn}}n êk|ojn cè dnqæh i wnliq whqh qih`ouhq n Mqo}|n ij h|otolhli, i }i tn} jhk|otiqli} ki}|h !Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, fqhkli H}}o}|åkmoh tn} }iqè lhlh+

%K+\+ Jnjik|yj

91
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Loh li Hæín li Fqhæh}

N QHON WI]]NH@ LI EI]Y] I N] LIJHO] QHON] MQOHLN]

]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, Wnliqn}h i Jhqhto`cn}h Wqi}ikæh+& Ký} \i qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wi`h Wqi}ikæh li
Ei}y} Mqo}|n kn loh li cnei+ Ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} kh W`iko|yli lh H|otolhli Mqê}|omh, h Wqi}ikæh H|oth li
Liy}+
Lh W`iko|yli l&I}|h Wqi}ikæh liqqhjh*}i, mnjn |nqqik|i ojwi|yn}h xyi enqqh}}i lh} jnk|hkch}, h Ikiqfoh lh
o`yjokhæín+ I}|h Fqhkli i Wnliqn}h Mnqqik|i li Tolh, `hkæhkln*}i kn} mnqhæùi} lh cyjhkolhli mnj |nln} n}
}iy} h|qoay|n} li Wiqdioæín, i}|è doshkln ij mhlh yj whu, Hjnq, chqjnkoh, dï i mhqolhli+
Nc( Wqi}ikæh Wnliqn}h, Hjnq Okdoko|n xyi iktn`ti |nlh h cyjhkolhli( Jhkodi}|h*|i li jhkioqh i}wimoh` hn}
i}|ylhk|i} lilomhln} xyi }i hmchj }na I}|h Qhlohæín+ Lè*`ci} |nlh h h}}o}|åkmoh wiqjo|olh+ Dnq|h`imi*n} whqh
xyi }i wn}}hj jhk|iq doqji} kh @yu i ikmhqhq h Tiqlhli, li}iehkln is|oqwhq h`ifqijik|i li }yh} tolh} i
mqohæùi} |yln n xyi }ieh okli}ieèti`+
Wqiikmci |nln} n} mhqfn} wõa`omn} mnj Wnliqn}n} Jik}hfioqn} lh @yu( ]y}|ik|h*n} wi`h \yh Wnliqn}h Cn}|i
H}mik}onkhlh hdoj li xyi wn}}hj }iq ah}|hk|i dnq|i} whqh wiqjhkimiq okhah`ètio} i to|nqon}n} lohk|i li
xyh`xyiq dnqæh }oko}|qh+
Ký} qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq i}|i loh, xyi ixðoth`i h yjh `ijaqhkæh jhqhto`cn}h i ilodomhk|i
ok|qnlyuolh kh mnk}moåkmoh lh cyjhkolhli+ Wn}}h toq n |ijwn, xyi qhwolhjik|i }i hwqnsojh, ij xyi mhlh loh
}ieh yj loh li fqhæh} kn mnqhæín ln} cyjhkn}, i h}}oj \yh @yu iktn`th i|iqkhjik|i hxyi`i} xyi h li}iehj+
\qhfn*tn} ]hylhæùi} lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh i ln wqýwqon Ei}y}+
LO]MYQ]N
N Wqojioqn Wqokmêwon li h|otolhli lh Lotoklhli ]ywqijh ï wqneiæín ny wqimowo|hæín+ Wnq o}}n, ï lh ]yh
kh|yqiuh wqnei|hq*}i ny wqimowo|hq*}i+
H wqojioqh h|otolhli ï iswqi}}h wå`n} Qhon} lotololn} xyi whq|ij whqh h oklotolyh`ouhæín, whqh h
jhkodi}|hæín to}êti`+ Xyhkln dh`n li jhkodi}|hæín oklotolyh` ny to}êti`, ijwqifn i}}i |iqjn wnq mhy}h lh
h|otolhli dê}omh2 kín xyi i`h kín }ieh }ijwqi to}êti`, wnqxyi n ï, jh} whqh hxyi`i} xyi }i ikmnk|qhj kh dnqjh
dê}omh, dh`n li`h ij |iqjn} li to}oao`olhli+
Tiqio}, h}}oj, h kh|yqiuh ln tn}}n ]iq mnjn Qhon} li @yu, xyi }no}, mnjn h xyh`olhli kh|yqh` lh tolh, xyi
|hk|n li}ieho}+ Hwqnsojh* }i qhwolhjik|i n loh ij xyi jyo|n} lo}mêwy`n} mnjiæhqín h y}hq n} Qhon} li @yu,
ln} xyho} }ín whq|i * i}wimoh`jik|i n Qhon lh To}ín i ln ]nj+
Ji}jn kn tn}}n jykln dê}omn li cnei, i}|ín }ikln li}mnaiq|h} h} wqnwqoilhli} li}}i} Qhon} i }yh}
hw`omhæùi}+ ]ín h|otolhli} xyi, ijanqh }iehj i}|qhkch} whqh h h|otolhli to}êti`, }ín kh|yqho} whqh h Wqi}ikæh
Ok|iqkh+ Kh tiqlhli ï qylojik|hq h dnqjh li hwqntio|hjik|n li}}i} Qhon} kn wqi}ik|i2 ik|qi|hk|n, }iqè wqimo}n
hwikh} ny|qn wh}}n jho} whqh fyohq n} cnjik} h|qhtï} ln tïy+
N Wnliq i h Ok|i`ofåkmoh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! whqh y|o`ouhq i}}i} Qhon}, wiqjhkimiqín }ijwqi okdoko|hjik|i
jho} wnliqn}n} ln xyi xyh`xyiq ok}|qyjik|n jimákomn oktik|hln whqh i}}i doj+ Ik|qi|hk|n, whqh n lo}mêwy`n
xyi hoklh kín i}|è chao`o|hln h hwqntio|hq i}}i} Qhon}, h iswiqoåkmoh ln} moik|o}|h} qiwqi}ik|hqè yj
jhqhto`cn}n i}|êjy`n, h doj li xyi qimnkciæh h h}}njaqn}h mhwhmolhli xyi |ij n oklotêlyn whqh ijwqifè*
`n}+
Ï jyo|n ojwnq|hk|i }haiq xyi cè Qhon} Kh|yqho} xyi wiki|qhj wnq mnjw`i|n h h|jn}diqh, ny mok|yqín i|ïqomn
lik|qn lh h|jn}diqh |iqqi}|qi+ Xyhkln lofn kh|yqh`, qidoqn*ji hn} Qhon} wqnei|hln} wi`h Lotoklhli ]ywqijh
ny Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh`, xyi, kn} õ`|ojn} hkn}, |nqkhqhj*}i wiqjhkik|i}+
Liwno}, cè n} Qhon} Mqohln}, xyi dnqhj fiqhln} i wqnei|hln} wi`h Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh, wnq hxyi`i} xyi
h}mik}onkhqhj n mnqwn+ I}|i} õ`|ojn} }ín n} jho} wn|ik|i} li |nln} n} Qhon}, wnq }iqij jhkowy`hln}
mnk}moik|ijik|i+
N} Qhon} xyi n} moik|o}|h} i}|ín mnk}|hk|ijik|i mnk|h|hkln }ín n} Qhon} Kh|yqho}, xyi |åj yjh miq|h
wn|åkmoh olåk|omh+
H fqhkli lodomy`lhli, mnkdnqji eè dno iswn}|n kn `otqn !Wqi}ikæh Jèfomh!, mnk}o}|i kn wqiwhqn li lo}mêwy`n}
lilomhln} xyi wn}}hj }iq i}|ojy`hln} i ok}|qyêln} kn ijwqifn li}}i} Qhon}+ Ik|qi tý} cè n} xyi |åj
mnkloæùi} li qih`ouè*`n, i wnq }i |iqij wqiwhqhln mnj qi}n`y|h doqjiuh whqh h @yu, }iq*`ci}*è qiti`hlh mhlh
tiu jho} h @io kn xyi lou qi}wio|n hn ijwqifn li}}h} dnqæh} wn|ik|i}+
]ok|n ojik}h h`ifqoh mnj h} wn}}oao`olhli} xyi |ikli} lohk|i li tý} i |hjaïj ny|qn} lo}mêwy`n}+ Mnkdon xyi
wnliqín ikmnk|qhq lik|qn li }o ji}jn} dnqæh i li|iqjokhæín okd`isêtio} whqh }i ik|qifhqij mnj hdokmn hn
|qhah`cn is|iqkn i ok|iqkn xyi i}|è }ikln wqiwhqhln whqh tý}, mnj i}|i h`ifqi }ik|ojik|n li miq|iuh ln}
wnliqi} o`ojo|hln} xyi h tiqlhlioqh `oaiqlhli wqnwnqmonkh+

9=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Li |ijwn} ij |ijwn} |ikcn wqnmyqhln lhq*tn} yjh wh`htqh li ikmnqhehjik|n, i h}}oj iktn`tå*`n} kh
qhlohæín li dnqæh, xyi ï ok|qïwolh i ojwi|yn}h xyhkln kh @yu+ H hdi|yn}h xyoi|yli ln} lo}mêwy`n} ï
is|qhnqlokhqohjik|i hkojhlnqh, wnqxyi h h|o|yli li iswim|h|oth ï n wqnmilojik|n mnqqi|n xyi liti }iq
jhk|oln+
Fn}|hqoh li }yfiqoq çxyi`i} xyi wh}}hqhj wnq iswiqoåkmoh} li}hfqhlètio}, qi|oqhqij li |ho} mnkloæùi}, ij
w`ikh mnk}moåkmoh, |nln n wnliq xyi i`i} ji}jn} `ci} |ikchj lhln, h jhonq whq|i lh} tiui}
okmnk}moik|ijik|i+ Xyhkln dnq kimi}}èqon liah|iq h`fyjh mnkloæín whqh mnjwqiiklå*`h, ojiloh|hjik|i
qi|oqho li`h |nln n wnliq xyi `ci |ikch }oln lhln, i domho }haikln xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Chqjnkon}h xyi
wqith`imi }ijwqi }naqi xyh`xyiq mnkloæín!+
Wnq eè |iq lim`hqhln hk|iqonqjik|i i }ý |iq }oln whqmoh`jik|i mnjwqiikloln, tn`|hqio h qiwi|oq5 !\nln hxyi`i
xyi, i}wimoh`jik|i n lo}mêwy`n, |ikch iswiqojik|hln li}hqjnkoh ny `ojo|hæùi} kh jik|i, kn `hq ny ij }iy
jykln, wnli, wnq jion li yj i}dnqæn wiq}o}|ik|i, wnqïj o}ik|n li |ik}ín, mnk}iqthq }iy `hq `ojwn li |yln
xyi }ieh okli}ieèti`, jhk|ikln*}i mnj li|iqjokhæín kh hdoqjhæín }ifyok|i5
!IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Fntiqkhk|i loqofokln kh Wiqdio|h Nqlij Lotokh, mnjhklhkln h Chqjnkoh, h Di`omolhli
i h Wqi}ikæh lh nwy`åkmoh li Liy} ij jokch tolh, jokch jik|i, jiy `hq i jiy jykln!+
Xyhkln lofn5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Fntiqkhk|i!, |ikcn h mnjw`i|h miq|iuh li xyi wy} ij hæín |nln n Wnliq i
h Ok|i`ofåkmoh li Liy} wqnlyuokln h} mnkloæùi} li}iehlh} i xyi i}|h} }iqín hy|n* }y}|ik|hlh}+
Whqimi*ji xyi kín mnjwqiiklio} m`hqhjik|i xyi, hn y}hqli} h iswqi}}ín !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh ij jokch
jik|i, jiy `hq i jiy jykln!, kín }ý i}|ho} mnjhklhkln h Wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh li}|h h|otolhli, wnq jion
li tn}}h wqýwqoh mnk}moåkmoh, mnjn |hjaïj i}|ho} oktnmhkln h H}}o}|åkmoh lh Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, h !IY ]NY!
whqh jhkodi}|hq*}i ij tn}}n `hq i jykln, i kn jykln li xyij xyiq xyi mnj I`h i}|hai`iæh mnk|h|n+
Ï to|h` whqh n lo}mêwy`n mnjwqiikliq o}|n+ Kín li}hkojio} }i kín }ik|oqli} h jhkodi}|hæín ojiloh|h li}|h
chqjnkoh xyi li}ieho}, jh} wqn}}ifyo }ik|okln h Wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh !IY ]NY!+ Kín tili} xyi xyhkln
i}|ho} ki}|h Mnk}moåkmoh }njik|i h|yh h Wqi}ikæh lh Xyh` i}|ho} mnk}moik|i> Xyh`xyiq ny|qh h|otolhli ln
is|iqkn, xyi }ieh okli}ieèti`, ï hwikh} yjh h|otolhli li|yqwhlh li}}h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh+ Wnq|hk|n, xyhkln
louio}5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh, iy nqlikn h i}|h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY xyi fntiqki wiqdio|hjik|i
jokch jik|i, `hq, kifýmon} i jiy jykln!, |iqio} iswiloln n Jhonq Limqi|n xyi }i wn}}h wqndiqoq+ Wqimo}ho}
hwikh} }ik|oq i}}i wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq, qiti`hln ny kín kh hwhqåkmoh, h|ï xyi ikmnk|qio} h Wiqdioæín jhkodi}|hlh
ij tn}}h jik|i, `hq i ij tn}}n jykln+
Li}iehqoh xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} `i}}ij i}|i |qimcn i}wimoh` |nln} n} loh}, whqh xyi mnk}iqth}}ij lohk|i li }o h
Wnliqn}h Tiqlhli xyi mnk}|o|yo h ah}i li}|h} hdoqjhæùi}+
Mcifhjn} hfnqh h yj wnk|n to|h`, xyi }i qidiqi hn Qhon Wi}}nh` ny Qhon} ijo|oln} loqi|hjik|i wnq Ei}y}+
Jyo|n} wiqfyk|hqín5 wnq xyi Ei}y} ij i}wimoh`> Qi}wnkln5 !Wnqxyi dno ik}okhln ç cyjhkolhli mnk|ijw`hq h
Wqi}ikæh li Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n, }ikln wnymn} n} xyi |åj xyh`xyiq mnkcimojik|n lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh ln}
Fqhkli} Ji}|qi} lh Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh, xyi lo}wùi li Wnliq o`ojo|hln!+
Tý} |iqio}, kh} wqýsojh} }ijhkh}, n Qhon Wi}}nh` li Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n+ Hxyi`i} xyi dnqij mhwhui} li hdh}|hq n
wik}hjik|n li ny|qh} wi}}nh}, i li aqhæn} haiq|n} oktnmhq jik|h`jik|i i}}i} Qhon} hmn`cikln*n} kh wqýwqoh
jik|i, kn `hq i kn jykln, |iqín h wn}}oao`olhli li qih`ouhq xyh}i |yln+
Iy tn} h}}ifyqn xyi h olïoh li}|i} Qhon} Wi}}nho} li Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n, kín ï yjh mno}h ojhfokèqoh, i tý},
Kn}}n hjhln Jik}hfioqn, qimiaio n hfqhlimojik|n wi}}nh` li Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n, wnq tn}}h h|o|yli li}|ijolh i
y}n lh Wqi}ikæh H}mik}onkhlh li Ei}y} Mqo}|n+
Lh ji}jh dnqjh xyi n Jik}hfioqn |qhk}jo|i |i}nyqn} li ]hailnqoh i Tiqlhli, h}}oj |hjaïj n} lo}mêwy`n},
kh }yh mhqokcn}h }okmiqolhli whqh mnj n Ji}|qi, wnq ok|iqjïlon lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, litij |qhah`chq wi`h
}hõli i wqn}wiqolhli ln} Jik}hfioqn}+ O}|n haqoqè wnq|h} hn} i}|y lhk|i}, xyi li ny|qn jnln kín }iqè wn}}êti`+
Cè oklêmon} li xyi aqitijik|i wn}}hj }iq dio|h} qiti`hæùi} h h`fyk} lo}mêwy`n} }naqi miq|n y}n lh @yu
@êxyolh+ Li}ien xyi h h|ikæín ln} i}|ylhk|i} }ieh doshlh ki}}i wnk|n, whqh xyi n} xyi i}|otiqij wqiwhqhln}
wn}}hj qimiaå*`h}+ Liosho xyi tn} lofh hxyo xyi h h|o|yli mnqqi|h ln} lo}mêwy`n} ï }ijwqi qifnuoehq*}i mnj n
wqnfqi}}n ln }iy oqjín ny oqjí, wnqxyi mhlh yj qimiai hxyo`n li xyi jho} kimi}}o|h kn jnjik|n, i }i
h`fyïj qimiai yjh mno}h li|iqjokhlh, ny|qn wnli qimiaiq h`fn lodiqik|i+ Wnq o}}n, kykmh litio} }ik|oq xyi
|ikli} xyi qimiaiq n ji}jn xyi ny|qh wi}}nh qimiai #qidoqn*ji h qiti`hæùi}/+ Mnjn kín cè lno} }iqi} ofyho}
ny kn ji}jn fqhy li hlohk|hjik|n, ik|ikliqio} wnqxyi kín wnliqohj qimiaiq h ji}jh ok}woqhæín kh ji}jh
nmh}oín+
H h|o|yli jho} `nytèti` ln lo}mêwy`n ï aiklouiq i h`ifqhq*}i mnk|okyhjik|i mnj xyh`xyiq qiti`hæín xyi
mcifyi h }iy mnjwhkcioqn, mnk}iqthkln, h}}oj, h wnq|h haiq|h |nln n |ijwn whqh i}}h F`nqon}h Wqi}ikæh
Ok|iqkh+ H} mchjhlh} jik|i} wqè|omh}, ey`fhj khlh iso}|oq li qih`, ismi|n hxyo`n xyi wnlij }ik|oq i |nmhq,
jh}, h kín }iq xyi }i mqioh kn} Wnliqi} O`ojo|hln} i kh} @io} lh Ok|i`ofåkmoh li Liy} Oklotolyh`ouhln, khlh }i
wnli qimiaiq li}}h Fqhkli i Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh+

9<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H jik|i wqè|omh, xyi }ijwqi lytolh lhxyo`n xyi kín wnli tiq, |ij hoklh xyi wiqmnqqiq yj `nkfn mhjokcn, h
kín }iq xyi h lõtolh }ieh mnq|hlh, |h` mnjn tn} ï lhln wnlhq n qhjn okli}ieèti` li yjh èqtnqi+ ]haio} xyi ï
yjh anh olïoh, liwno} li |å*`n mnq|hln, mnk}yjê*`n kh Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh whqh xyi kín |nqki h tn`|hq+
Whqimi jyo|n lodêmo` hn i}|ylhk|i mnjwqiikliq xyi |qijikln Wnliq ï h Mnk}moåkmoh li}}h Wqi}ikæh
Mnk}yjolnqh+ Whqh h`fyk} ï lodêmo` hdh}|hqij*}i lh olïoh li xyi h Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh ï ojhfokèqoh, jh} }i
wylï}}io} tiq ln wnk|n*li*to}|h Ok|iqonq, tiqêio} xyi I`h |ij yjh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh i Wnliq, i ï li dh|n Qih`+
Li}ien xyi }ok|ho}, lyqhk|i lno} joky|n}, i}|i Li}`yjaqhk|i Qhon li @yu xyi wiki|qh mhlh è|njn li tn}}n
}iq+
Cè miq|h} h|otolhli} xyi litij }iq mnk|h|hlh} wi`h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh, hk|i} xyi h h|ikæín is|iqkh wn}}h
isiqmiq okd`yåkmoh }naqi i`h}+ Ï lodêmo` whqh n lo}mêwy`n mnjwqiikliq o}}n+ I`i liti wqojioqn i}dnqæhq*}i, i }ý
wnli dhuå*`n h|qhtï} li }yh Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq+ Yjh mno}h }ojw`i}, i hn ji}jn |ijwn jhfkêdomh, ï qikliq
fqhæh}, wi`h jhkcí i ç kno|i, h i}|h jhqhto`cn}h Wqi}ikæh lh Tolh xyi hkojh h jik|i i n mnqwn+ Ï ojwnq|hk|i
}ik|oq wqndyklhjik|i i}}h fqh|olín ç Wqi}ikæh lh Tolh, xyi ikmiqqh ij ]o Ji}jh |nlh} h} mno}h}+ ]ili
qih`jik|i qimnkcimoln} ç Tolh wnq |yln n xyi I`h ï i mnk|ïj+ H ji}jh Wqi}ikæh lh Tolh mhwhmo|h*kn} dhuiq
hxyo`n li xyi |ijn} mnk}moåkmoh i xyi li}iehjn} dhuiq, wnqxyi kín kn} wnlijn} `nmnjntiq }ij i}|h
Wqi}ikæh+ Kij hn jikn} wnlijn} wik}hq }ij I`h+ ]i douï}}io} i}|h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh
wik}hkln h|qhtï} li}|h jik|i i li}|i mnqwn!, qimiaiqêio} olïoh} kn|ètio}+
N mïqiaqn ï n wqojioqn `nmh` nkli mnjiæh h }i qifo}|qhq na}|qyæín, wnqxyi ï n wnk|n li mnk|h|n mnj olïoh}
iqqükih}, h} xyho} }i qifo}|qhj qèwolh i ok|ik}hjik|i kh i}|qy|yqh miqiaqh`, wnq }iq i}}i n mhjwn lh h|otolhli
h|üjomh+ Mnk|yln, h h|ikæín jhk|olh kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! `oaiqh li |h` jnln n Wnliq lh Wiqdioæín xyi
iso}|i kn ok|iqonq ln i`ï|qnk, kn mik|qn ln è|njn, xyi h} olïoh} dh`}h} i h na}|qyæín ç @yu }ojw`i}jik|i }i
lo}}n`tij i li}hwhqimij+
W+ * Whqh nkli oli}>
Q+ #]hok| Fiqjhok/ * Ç Molhli li Nyqn+
H whq|oq li hfnqh h|ï |qå} }ijhkh} liwno} ln Hkn Kntn, ï yjh ïwnmh li fqhkli h`ifqoh kh Molhli li Nyqn,
wnqxyi }i hwqi}ik|h yjh ismi`ik|i nwnq|ykolhli whqh |qhk}jo|oq h }yh wqýwqoh Qhlohæín Wnliqn}h, wnq jion lh
@yu i ln} Qhon} ln ]nj, hn jykln dê}omn+ ]i h cyjhkolhli wyli}}i mnjwqiikliq i hwqimohq i}}i dh|n, mno}h}
kn|ètio} wnliqohj }ymiliq, jh} o}}n kín ojwili xyi n} oklotêlyn} mhwhui} li mhw|è*`h, wn}}hj qimiaiq ]iy
is|qhnqlokèqon aikidêmon+
H mno}h jho} }ojw`i} xyi cè, }i n} i}|ylhk|i} wyli}}ij mnjwqiikliq i hw`omhq, ï jhk|iq h jik|i
mnjw`i|hjik|i hdh}|hlh li |nlh okd`yåkmoh lh wiq}nkh`olhli, i qimnkcimiq }njik|i5 !IY ]NY h õkomh
Wqi}ikæh h`o!+ O}|n `ci} haqoqoh h} wnq|h} hjw`hjik|i(
N hjnq i h oktnmhæín whqh }i hwqnsojhq li yj ]iq H}mik}onkhln, wn}}oao`o|hj h mnkmi}}ín li Qhlohæín, xyi
li ny|qh dnqjh kín }iqoh wn}}êti`+
Kokfyïj wnli ok|iqdiqoq wnq jyo|n |ijwn kn wqnfqi}}n ny itn`yæín li ny|qij, wnqxyi, }i n na}|qy|nq kín
`oaiqhq i kín hdqnyshq }iy lnjêkon }naqi ny|qn }iq xyi i}|è wqnk|n whqh }ifyoq hlohk|i, }iqè hdh}|hln wnq }yh
wqýwqoh hæín+ ]i yjh wi}}nh mnk|okyhq doqji i }okmiqhjik|i tn`|hlh whqh h @yu, h} wiq}nkh`olhli} na}|qy|nqh}
}iqín hky`hlh} ny chqjnkon}hjik|i li}`ofhlh} ln }iy jykln+
Ki}|i i}|èfon li mqi}mojik|n ï kimi}}èqon }haiq5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh H|oth li |nln} n} mhkho} li
lo}|qoayoæín li |nlh} h} mno}h} h|yhkln ij jiy aikidêmon!+ Xyhkln }i jhkodi}|hq n wik}hjik|n5 !O}|n ï |yln
n xyi wn}}yn!, mnq|ho*n wi`h qhou, louikln5 !IY ]NY h nwy`åkmoh li Liy} cnei ij jokch} jín} i jiy y}n!+
O}|n liti }iq jhk|oln mnjn yj Tn|n ]hmqn}}hk|n kn êk|ojn li mhlh wi}}nh+ Qimiaio*n mnj qitiqåkmoh, mnjn
yj Mnkcimojik|n }hfqhln, whqh }iq y}hln qi}wio|n}hjik|i+
Xyhkln qi|oqho} li tn}}n Wqýwqon !IY ]NY!, ï ojwn}}êti` xyi i}|ieho} tn} hwnliqhkln ln xyi xyiq xyi }ieh
li h`fyjh wiq}nkh`olhli h xyij li loqio|n wiq|ikæh+
I}|ho} limqi|hkln whqh n tn}}n jykln i wnq|hk|n kín wnlio} tn} hwnliqhq li khlh xyi kín }ieh tn}}n, eè xyi
mnkcimio} h wqýwqoh @io5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh h|yhkln ij |nlh whq|i!+ Kín cè wn}}oao`olhli li loto}ín lh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
]i |otiqli} kimi}}olhli li lokcioqn, louio5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh H|oth |qhuikln i}}i lokcioqn ç} jokch} jín}
i y}n, ok}|hk|hkihjik|i!+
Ï jyo|n ojwnq|hk|i li}`ofhq*}i lh okd`yåkmoh ln lokcioqn+ I`i ï hwikh} yj jion li |qnmh+ Kín `ci lio} wnliq2
liwn}o|ho |nln n wnliq ij Liy} i ik|ín, hn mnjhklhqli} * }ieh n xyi dnq li xyi kimi}}o|io} * |iqio}
ojiloh|hjik|i |nln n wnliq ç jín whqh qih`ouhq n myjwqojik|n li tn}}n limqi|n+
H toaqhæín lik|qn li xyh`xyiq i`ijik|n ï }ijwqi h Qi}woqhæín li Liy}, i|iqkhjik|i hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh+ \nlh
wy`}hæín ï Qi}woqhæín li Liy}+ H }ojw`i} mnk}moåkmoh li xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh lh }hõli wiqdio|h! ï i}}h
Qi}woqhæín li Liy} ij Hæín+
!IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh ln wiqlín kh jik|i i kn mnqhæín li mhlh yj ln} do`cn} li Liy}!+ O}}n `oaiqh yjh
iknqji hæín toaqh|ýqoh+ Jhk|ikli mnj ok|ik}olhli n }ifyok|i5 !IY ]NY h Jik|i Wyqh li Liy}!+

99
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok

N} Hkli}
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Okdoko|h, Nkowiki|qhk|i Ok|i`ofåkmoh, Nkowiki|qhk|i ]ya}|ákmoh li @yu(
Nc, Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, H}mik}onkhln Ei}y} Mqo}|n hfnqh jhkodi}|hln h|qhtï} li ]yh Wnliqn}h Qhlohæín(
Qiklijn} `nythq i fqhæh} ç @yu, h \o, Nc, Wnliqn}n Oqjín( Qiklijn} `nytnq hn ]n` Mik|qh`, Çxyi`i li myen
Qhon Ký} cnei qimiaijn}+
Lh w`iko|yli li \yh Tolh Qhlohk|i, Nc, Liy}, okm`okhjn*kn} ij hlnqhæín wiqhk|i \yh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} ln Fqhkli Ji}|qi, ny Liy} Jiqy, myeh Jik}hfioqh ï Khlh+ I`i i}|è whqh yjh miq|h
fqhkli jnk|hkch li}|h \iqqh * myen jo}|ïqon }iqè yj loh li}tiklhln * mnjn n Ji}|qi Cojh`hh i}|è whqh h
mhlioh ln Cojh`hh, Khlh hmch*}i mnjofn kh Molhli li Nyqn, }naqi myen} Qhon} Fåjin} Ký} kn}
jhkodi}|hjn} kn loh li cnei+
Lyqhk|i h} wqýsojh} }i|i }ijhkh}, mnkdnqji dno li}ofkhln i mnjn }ik|o}|i}, kn}}n Qhon ykodomhln toqè h tý}
}ijwqi lh Molhli li Nyqn+
LO]MYQ]N
Xyhkln i}|otiqli} }ydomoik|ijik|i dnq|i} whqh }ywnq|hq h li}mqoæín, hwqi}ik|hqijn} yjh lh} jho}
is|qhnqlokèqoh} khqqhæùi} }naqi n y}n mnqqion i okmnqqi|n li}}h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&!+ I}}h
iswiqoåkmoh qih` nmnqqiy nkli ï hfnqh h Mnqlo`cioqh ln} Hkli}, kh Hjïqomh ln ]y`, ij wiqênln jyo|n qijn|n,
xyhkln n} do`cn} li Liy} mnjiæhqhj, wi`h wqojioqh tiu, h i}xyimiq }yh nqofij i h mnk}oliqhq mnjn }yh h
Fqhkli Ikiqfoh li xyi iqhj mnk}moik|i}+
N} lo}mêwy`n} i h cyjhkolhli ij fiqh` |åj hwikh} yjh wè`olh olïoh lh li}fqhæh xyi hxyi`i} }iqi} dnqehqhj i
li xyín wnliqn}hjik|i i}}h dnqæh dno y}hlh, ij miq|h ïwnmh, whqh dok} ifnê}|h}+ Li mnkloæín }iji`chk|i
kykmh hk|i} }i |iti mnkcimojik|n+ Hoklh cnei qi}|hj ti}|êfon} lh molhli }ya|iqqákih kh xyh` |iti `yfhq i}}i
hmnk|imojik|n+
Nc( Xyi n} do`cn} li Liy} li}wiq|ij whqh h is|qhnqlokèqoh h|otolhli i y}n ln} Wnliqi} lh @yu whqh n aij lh
cyjhkolhli, xyhkln }yh h|ikæín i}|otiq }okmiqhjik|i mnkmik|qhlh k&I}|h @yu(
]i n} okõjiqn} i}|ylhk|i} ln} lotiq}n} ákfy`n} lh Tiqlhli, cnei iso}|ik|i} kh \iqqh, mnk}ifyo}}ij hdh}|hq h
ofknqákmoh lh jik|i is|iqkh i mqiq kn} hwhqik|i} jo`hfqi} ln limnqqiq lh} olhli}, mnjn o}}n qnjwiqoh h mh}mh
ln iy is|iqonq i lioshqoh wiki|qhq h @yu( H dï, xyi wiqjo|i mqiq kn xyi kín }i tå, ï yj ln} jho} wnliqn}n}
jion} li haqoq h wnq|h ç h|otolhli mnk}moik|i lh @yu lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
Lh ji}jh dnqjh xyi y}ho} n hy|njýti` i n htoín whqh mnaqoq lo}|ákmoh} qhwolhjik|i, h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! }i y|o`ouh ln mnqwn+ N mnqwn qiwqi}ik|h n htoín, i h jik|i ï n wn|ik|i jn|nq wnq jion ln xyh` h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! n ojwy`}onkh+
\ikcn miq|iuh li xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} kín mnjwqiikliqhj mnjn h lõtolh h}}yji dnqjh }y|o` h`fyjh} tiui}+
Yjh ok|iqqnfhæín xyi }yqeh kh jik|i, mnk}moik|i ny kín, }naqi n Wnliq |n|h` lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, ï yjh
dnqjh }y|o` li lõtolh+ Hxyi`i} xyi li}iehj ny wqnmyqhj hqfyjik|hq }naqi h xyi}|ín lh qih`olhli lh Fqhkli
Tiqlhli lh Tolh, xyiq n hmio|ij, xyiq kín, i}|ín hljo|okln h lõtolh ij }yh} tolh}+
Cnei ij loh, kikcyjh jik|i qhmonkh` i }okmiqh, xyi yjh tiu |ikch tn`|hln }yh h|ikæín whqh h !Wqi}ikæh
IY+]NY!, ki`h }i jhk|ikln mnj doqjiuh, wnli lo}my|oq, lytolhq ny }y}wio|hq lh Nkown|åkmoh li}}h Fqhkli
Wqi}ikæh+
H dnqjh li lõtolh hwikh} wiqmiw|êti`, xyi dhu wikioqhq kh jik|i hqfyjik|n} qidiqik|i} ç nqofij li }iy ]iq,
ï }ojw`i} dh`|h li dnqæh whqh ikdqik|hq h @io li Qi}o}|åkmoh2 dnqæh wi`h xyh` }i hth`oh n mqi}mojik|n ln is|iqkn+
Cè yjh lodiqikæh jyo|n fqhkli ik|qi n qhmonmêkon }okmiqn whqh mnkcimiq h Tiqlhli, i h |iklåkmoh cyjhkh li
lo}my|oq h wqýwqoh qih`olhli xyi li}iehj hmio|hq+ ]ijwqi hmn`cijn} mnj h ji`cnq anh*tnk|hli |nlh oklhfhæín
}okmiqh hmiqmh lh Tiqlhli, jh} kín kn} lioshjn} okd`yikmohq wi`h ok|ikæín lhxyi`i myeh |iklåkmoh
wqilnjokhk|i ï hqfyjik|hq mnk|qh h Qih`olhli lh Tiqlhli+ Xyhk|n jho} h lo}my}}ín }naqi h Tiqlhli ï
hljo|olh kh Tolh li yj oklotêlyn, jhonq ï h ahqqioqh xyi i`i `ithk|h, hk|i} xyi mcifyi i}}i loh lo}|hk|i ij
xyi cè li |qhk}wü*`h+
N} lo}mêwy`n} xyi mqo|omhj, mnklikhj ny ey`fhj i}|i mhkh` li iswqi}}ín lh Tiqlhli, ikmnk|qhq*}i*ín
}ifyqhjik|i ç aioqh li yj wqimowêmon kn xyh` wnliqín mhoq h xyh`xyiq jnjik|n, litoln ism`y}othjik|i ç}
}yh} wqýwqoh} mqohæùi}+
Li}ien xyi |nln} mnjwqiiklhj xyi i}|h Qhlohæín lh @yu dno i}|hai`imolh to}hkln h yj miq|n naei|otn
lidokoln, i I`h mnk|okyhqè dhuikln ]iy |qhah`cn, okliwiklik|i li xyh`xyiq wiq}nkh`olhli ny li |nlh} h}
wiq}nkh`olhli} iso}|ik|i}+ Lofn o}}n haiq|hjik|i whqh xyi n} i}|ylhk|i} li}|h Qhlohæín wn}}hj mnjwqiikliq
xyi i}|ín `olhkln mnj dnqæh} wnliqn}h}, |ín qiho} mnjn h wqýwqoh qih`olhli+ Hxyi`i} xyi kín wnlij }ywnq|hq
n |i}|i i h Qhlohæín lh @yu, kín litiqín kykmh, ehjho}, my`whq xyij xyiq xyi }ieh }ikín h }o ji}jn}2 wnqxyi

94
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
wn}}yij `otqi*hqaê|qon i `ci} dno lhln n y}n lh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnq jion lh xyh` wnlij jhk|iq
yj hy|nmnk|qn`i ha}n`y|n+
Litn i}m`hqimiq*tn} ny|qh tiu xyi, }i dnqli} |ín ok}ik}h|n} h wnk|n li wqnmyqhq liah|iq }naqi h Tiqlhli
]hfqhlh xyi tn} i}|è }ikln lhlh, whqh tn}}h wqýwqoh `oaiq|hæín i y}n, mnj wi}}nh} xyi li`h khlh ik|iklij,
i}|hqio} jiqfy`chkln kh} èfyh} wqndyklh} lh lõtolh i oklhfhæùi}+
Wqimo}n louiq*tn} xyi, kn wh}}hln, hn} i}|ylhk|i} hljo|oln} kn} qi|oqn} whqh qimiaiqij ok}|qyæùi}, kykmh iqh
wiqjo|oln, kij ji}jn `ci} wh}}hth wi`h olïoh, lo}my|oq h Tiqlhli yk} mnj n} ny|qn}( ]o`ikmon}h i
diqtnqn}hjik|i, wykchj ij wqè|omh n ik}okhjik|n ln Ji}|qi i h`mhkæhthj n} qi}y`|hln} li}iehln}+
Ji`cnq }iqoh xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} dn}}ij hwilqiehln} kh} qyh} ln xyi mnklikhq, mqo|omhq ny ey`fhq h @yu xyi `ci}
ï lhlh2 wnqxyi, }i wiki|qh}}ij kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnjn `ci} dno ik}okhln, |nlh} h} xyi}|ùi}, |nln} n}
wqna`ijh}, li}hwhqimiqohj li }yh} tolh} mnjn h kïtnh hk|i n i}w`iklnq lh `yu }n`hq jh|okh`+
Xyiqn mqiq xyi |nln} n} i}|ylhk|i} }iehj }ydomoik|ijik|i dnq|i} whqh nytoq h Tiqlhli â y}hq h Dnqæh lh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! whqh fntiqkhq i mnk|qn`hq n is|iqkn h doj li xyi wn}}hj qimiaiq h w`ikh Wqi}ikæh, n
Hjnq, h ]hailnqoh, n Wnliq i h Nwy`åkmoh lh Fqhkli i \nlh*Wnliqn}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! xyi n} |nqkh
hw|n} h wik}hq, }ik|oq, totiq, i xyi `ci} ok}yd`ny n li}ien li h`mhkæhq h Tiqlhli i h @yu+
Li}ien louiq dqhkmhjik|i i mnj n !Mi|qn li Dnfn! h}}i}|hln kh mnk}moåkmoh ln} lo}mêwy`n} xyi n oqjín i
oqjí, xyi i}|ín loty`fhkln i}|h} ok}|qyæùi} }ín hwikh} Jik}hfioqn} l&Hxyi`i} xyi mnkcimiqhj i wqnthqhj
i}|h @io lyqhk|i jyo|n} }ïmy`n}+ I}}i} Fqhkli} ]iqi}, whqh xyij tn}}h h|ikæín dno h|qhêlh, kín }ín yj jo|n
ny mqohæín lh ojhfokhæín ln is|iqkn+ ]ín ]iqi} totn}, hjnqn}n} i }èaon}, wn}}yokln n Wnliq xyi loqofij i
y}hj ç tnk|hli, ojwn}}êti` li }iq mnkmiaoln wi`h jik|i cyjhkh+
Kn wh}}hln dno mnkmiloln hn i}|ylhk|i yj |ijwn xyh}i o`ojo|hln whqh xyi }i lidoko}}i xyhk|n ç qi}n`yæín h
|njhq2 o}|n ï, }i i`i nw|hqoh wi`h @yu ny wnq thfyihq, ofknqhkln ]yh wqi}ikæh i Dhmy`lhli} Wnliqn}h}+ N}
mom`n} mý}jomn} eè }i }ymiliqhj jyo|h} tiui}, i mcifny n jnjik|n ij xyi n} do`cn} li Liy} litij |njhq
}yh limo}ín dokh` * h xyij li}iehj }iqtoq+
Kykmh hk|i}, kh co}|ýqoh ln jykln, dnqhj wqnwnqmonkhlh} hn} do`cn} lh \iqqh |hk|h} nwnq|ykolhli} i
h}}o}|åkmoh whqh y}ydqyoq n !I}w`iklnq ln ]n` lh @yu I|iqkh li Liy}! i mhjokchq, doqji i li}|ijolhjik|i, hn
ikmnk|qn ln }iy Qhlohk|i Dy`fnq, `otqi}, whqh }ijwqi `otqi} li |nlh `ojo|hæín, totikln kh hayklákmoh li}}h
@yu xyi n} iktn`ti xyh` jhk|n li whu i |qhkxðo`olhli+
\nqkn h louiq hn} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}5 !]i kín wnlio} }ik|oq ij tn}}n} mnqhæùi} h Tiqlhli li}|h} ok}|qyæùi}
wqntoklh} li yjh dnk|i li nyqn i xyi tn} }ín hwqi}ik|hlh}, ik|ín kykmh, ij Knji li tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY!, lofho} ny dhæho} h`fn mhwhu li li}ikmnqhehq xyh`xyiq wi}}nh h wqnwý}o|n lh @yu xyi wn}}h qimiaiq+ H
w`ikh i fikyêkh Tiqlhli, iy tn*`h lny kh w`iko|yli ln Fqhkli Hjnq li Jiy ]iq, whqh xyi }iy I}w`iklnq tn}
dhæh mnjwqiikliq i }haiq n xyi }ofkodomh ny}hq, dhuiq i mh`hq+
Xyh`xyiq oklhfhæín ij tn}}h} jik|i}, }naqi h qih`olhli ny hy|ik|omolhli lh dnk|i li tn}}h ok}|qyæín,
}njik|i ojwili tn}}n wqnfqi}}n i tn} naqofh h wiqmnqqiq ji}i} ny hkn} whqh qih`ouhq n xyi wnliqêio}
dhmo`jik|i dhuiq ij wnymh} }ijhkh}, mnj h jik|i `otqi i ij whu+
Wnq |iq*tn} i}mn`coln, Iy mnkciæn i }ok|n mhlh yj ln} tn}}n} wik}hjik|n}+ Ï jyo|n dèmo` whqh n lo}mêwy`n
ojhfokhq xyi n} }iy} h|n} i wik}hjik|n} i}|ín ikmnaiq|n} i }ín li}mnkcimoln}, jh} whqh h Cn}|i
H}mik}onkhlh kín iso}|i h|n ny wik}hjik|n xyi wn}}h }iq nmy`|hln, wnqxyi |yln n xyi wik}ho} i}|è qifo}|qhln
kn jykln i|ïqomn xyi tn} miqmh, mnj |hk|h kh|yqh`olhli mnjn n khqou ij tn}}n qn}|n+
Wnq|hk|n, kín mnji|ho} n iqqn li }ywnq xyi ï wn}}êti` wik}hq ny hfoq ij }ifqiln+ Wnlio} i}mnkliq h`fn
dhmo`jik|i ln iy is|iqkn, jh} kykmh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi ï h Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh, i whqh Xyij kín
iso}|i na}|èmy`n+ O}|n, jiy} xyiqoln} lo}mêwy`n}, ï |yln xyi Ji ï wiqjo|oln louiq whqh tn} heylhq i
}h`thfyhqlhq+ Kn dy|yqn, kikcyjh ny|qh qidiqåkmoh h o}}n }iqè dio|h+ @ijaqho*tn} li xyi h limo}ín liwikli li
tý}, }i xyiqio} }ifyoq hlohk|i ny kín+
Loqio hfnqh h`fn jho} hkojhlnq+ H õkomh qhuín xyi wn}}oao`o|ny n Qhon oklotolyh` li Ei}y} }iq lhln çxyi`i}
xyi i}|ín }na I}|h Qhlohæín wqi}ik|ijik|i, dno wnqxyi }i|i li}|i fqywn li i}|ylhk|i} dnqhj |i}|ijykch} lh
H}mik}ín li Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n, cè lno} jo` hkn}+ I`i n} toy i qimnkcimiy ik|ín, mnjn I`i n} tå i i}|è lhkln
hfnqh, kín }ý }iy qimnkcimojik|n, mnjn |hjaïj h}}o}|åkmoh+
Lh ji}jh dnqjh xyi i}|h Qhlohæín mcifh h|ï tý}, hjhln} Jiy}, h}}oj |hjaïj tho wiki|qhkln kn} mnqhæùi}
lhxyi`i} xyi wnlij qimiaiq h Wqi}ikæh+ Litoln h i}|h Qhlohæín, jyo|n} ln} xyi |åj wqndykln Hjnq h Ei}y},
ny li Ei}y}, h|qhtï} ln} mhkho} nq|nlnsn}, }iqín li}wiq|hln} whqh h Wqi}ikæh li Liy} ij }iy êk|ojn+ H`ïj
lo}}n, h h|otolhli mnkeyk|h li Ei}y} mnj h Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh i}|è i}|iklikln }iy Jhk|n li Hjnq, Whu i
@yu }naqi h cyjhkolhli, wnq }iq i}|h ïwnmh ln hkn ij xyi h h|ikæín ln} cyjhkn} ï jho} dhmo`jik|i h|qhêlh+
Hjhln} jiy}( Whqimi*tn} okhmqilo|èti` xyhkln tn} lofn xyi n} Ji}|qi} li @yu i ]hailnqoh |åj wh}}hfik}
h|qhtï} lh \iqqh ij |nlh} h} loqiæùi}, |h` xyh` mnjn |ikli} i}|qhlh} whqh oq li yj is|qijn h ny|qn ij tn}}n
hy|njýti`>

96
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]i mnjwqiiklå}}io} h i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh ln w`hki|h kín mnk}oliqhqêio} o}}n mnjn h`fn okhmqilo|èti`, wnqxyi
i}}i} Fqhkli} ]iqi}, xyi h}}o}|oqhj hn wqnfqi}}n lh cyjhkolhli li}li n wqokmowon, |åj hwikh} xyi y}hq
miq|n} Qhon} whqh mhjokchq h|qhtï} lh \iqqh |ín dhmo`jik|i mnjn wnliqio} hklhq h|qhtï} lh èfyh, mnj h
lodiqikæh xyi lioshj haiq|h h wh}}hfij h|qè} li ]o, ikxyhk|n xyi, hn h|qhti}}hqli} h èfyh, i}|h }i dimch `nfn
hwý} i n mhjokcn wiqmnqqoln li}hwhqimi+
N ji}jn }i tiqodomh mnj n} Fqhkli} ]iqi} xyi jhqmhqhj h} |qo`ch} whqh h cyjhkolhli ij loqiæín ç @yu+ H
|qo`ch wiqjhkimi whqh xyi n} oqjín} jiknqi} wn}}hj ikmnk|qhq n mhjokcn i }ifyê*`n+ ]i, wnq tiui}, i`i}
mnji|ij iqqn, li}tohkln*}i whqh yj h|h`cn, |åj h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! whqh mchjè*`n} li tn`|h hn wnliq
jhonq i qimnklyuo*`n} whqh h dqik|i, h|ï xyi wn}}hj }iq, |hjaïj, Wnq|hlnqi} lh \nmch ny O`yjokhlnqi} ln
mhjokcn whqh n} xyi hoklh i}|ín wnq toq+
! &IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh& xyi kykmh }i |nqkh ojwhmoik|i ny li}hkojhlh lyqhk|i n} `nkfn} wiqênln} ij
xyi n} do`cn} lh \iqqh }i hdh}|hj lh @yu, li}dqy|hkln h} h|otolhli} ln} }ik|oln}, h|ï xyi i}|h} }i `ci} |nqkij
|ín qiwi`ik|i}, xyi xyh}i kn õ`|ojn h`ik|n m`hjhj ij tnu h`|h5 &Nc Liy}( ]h`tho*ji(& !
Kín wn}}n lioshq li }nqqoq xyhkln ojhfokn xyi wnliqio} ey`fhq* ji yj ti`cn qhkuokuh, jh} kín ï h}}oj, }ny
Hxyi`i xyi |ij h mnqhfij li tn} louiq h Tiqlhli li xyi kimi}}o|ho}, whqh xyi li`h wn}}ho} |oqhq wqntio|n+
Xyhkln mcifhqli} h Ji mnkcimiq ji`cnq, tiqio} xyi, hdokh`, kín }ny |ín ti`cn kij |ín ojwiq|okik|i+
Ikxyhk|n n lo}mêwy`n haqofhq lõtolh} kh jik|i, kín }i haqoqín wnq mnjw`i|n h} wnq|h} ln Ik}okhjik|n+
]i }i qimnkcimiq xyi th`i h wikh, i o}|n }iqè li|iqjokhln ok|ioqhjik|i wi`h i`ithæín lh cyjhkolhli ij
loqiæín ç @yu, ik|ín n} Qhon} Kh|yqho} }i |nqkhqín wiqjhkik|i} kh h|jn}diqh i }iqín qimn`coln} kn mik|qn ln
w`hki|h+ H \iqqh ï mnjwn}|h li |iqqh, èfyh i hq+ N} Qhon} }ín n Dnfn Mý}jomn xyi ok|iqwiki|qh n} |qå} ny|qn}
i`ijik|n}+ N} Qhon} wh}}hj h|qhtï} ln f`nan |iqqi}|qi i nkli i`i} }i ik|qi`hæhj, i}jhimij i dnqjhj i}}h
Qhlohæín `yjokn}h xyi ï h H|otolhli mnkmik|qhlh lh @yu+
Yj ln} Qhon} ik|qh kh mqn}|h |iqqi}|qi, kyj wnk|n hn }y` ln mik|qn ln li}iq|n li Fnao, i n ny|qn ik|qh
ish|hjik|i kn Ni}|i ln @hfn \o|omhmh, kh} Jnk|hkch} ln} Hkli}+ Ï n jhonq `hfn lh Hjïqomh ln ]y` i n jho}
i`ithln ij |nln n jykln+ Dno yj wnk|n li fqhkli ojwnq|ákmoh cè }ïmy`n} h|qè}+
I}|i} }ín n} lno} wnk|n} jho} ok|ik}n} li @yu kh \iqqh+ Cè }ijwqi yjh H|otolhli Mý}jomh idi|yhkln*}i ij
li|iqjokhln} ioln}, xyi kín wnli }ndqiq ok|iqdiqåkmoh+ H} Fqhkli} @io} Mý}jomh} }ín ish|h} h|ï n} jêkojn}
li|h`ci}, i kín iso}|i dh`ch ny hmolik|i ij qi`hæín h i`h}+
Khlh mnk}oliqio} h kín }iq h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Tofoho i fntiqkho tn}}n} }ik|ojik|n}, wnqxyi }i
kín n douiqli}, mcifhqè n jnjik|n ij xyi }iqio} hwhkchln} li}wqitikoln}+
Jyo|h} tiui}, xyhkln hmnk|imi h`fyj lo}}hanq hn lo}mêwy`n, xyi mnkcimi h @io, i`i domh limiwmonkhln+
Ik|qi|hk|n, litiqoh tn`|hq* }i ojiloh|hjik|i whqh h !Wqi}ikæh IY,]NY! i wiqfyk|hq*`ci n xyi liti dhuiq2 jh}
mnjn jhk|ïj h h|ikæín dosh kn li}hwnk|hjik|n, ç} tiui} ï wqimo}n xyh}i }iq }hmyloln wnq yj |iqqijn|n whqh
`otqhq* }i lo}}n+
Y}ho h hdoqjhæín5 !I}|h qi}o}|åkmoh liti miliq, h to}ín i h hyloæín litij jhkodi}|hq*}i!+
Ijwqifho mnj doqjiuh h lim`hqhæín5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh li jokch wiqdio|h to}ín i hyloæín!, whqh }hkhq
i}}h} mnkloæùi}+ \nln} litiqohj y}hq h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY jokch to}ín i hyloæín wiqdio|h}!+
N} Mnk|n} lh} Jo` i Yjh Kno|i} nqofokhqohjik|i toiqhj ln} Ji}|qi}, xyi n} loty`fhqhj mnjn yjh Tiqlhli
Ti`hlh whqh hyso`ohq h cyjhkolhli, i hxyi`i} xyi ki`i} hmqilo|hqhj mnj dï qimiaiqhj jhkodi}|hæùi}
jhqhto`cn}h}+
Kn mnjiæn li}}h} iswiqoåkmoh} hljoqètio}, ï wqimo}n chtiq dï whqh tikmiq, h|ï xyi wn}}hjn} jhkodi}|hq h
qih`olhli, wnqxyi h dï ï n wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq i }i wyliqjn} na|å*`n |nqkh*}i qih`olhli+
Iso}|ij }ijwqi h} lyh} h|otolhli} lh @io, xyhkln wiki|qhjn} wqndyklhjik|i kh }yh hæín+ ]ín i`h}5 wqojioqn,
mnklik}hæín, }ifykln, i|iqodomhæín+ ]ifyo ij dqik|i }iqikhjik|i i kín liosio} xyi |ijwn, `yfhq ny mno}h}
ok|iqdoqhj+
H jik|i is|iqkh wqimo}h jhk|iq*}i mh`jh i mnk}|hk|i i h tnk|hli is|iqkh mnj h ok|iqkh litij |nqkhq*}i yjh+
Ç jilolh xyi h h|ikæín }i dosh ko}}n mnj doqji li|iqjokhæín, jho} h Nwiqhæín Ok|iqkh tn} }iqè qiti`hlh, h|ï
xyi wn}}ho} jhkowy`è*`h mnk}moik|ijik|i+

93
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H|otolhli ]y` Hjiqomhkh
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, \y, Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh O`yjokhlnqh xyi !IY ]NY!( Mnj fqh|olín i `nytnq Ký}
wiki|qhjn} cnei kh W`iko|yli li \yh Wqi}ikæh i qimiaijn} whqh |nln }ijwqi \yh} Aåkæín} O`ojo|hlh}, \yh
Dnqæh i Mnqhfij, \iy Ik|y}oh}jn Entoh`, h} xyho} jhk|åj |yln Hy|n*}y}|ik|hln+
]haijn} xyi }ý iso}|i Yjh Wqi}ikæh i !Iy ]ny &IY ]NY& i}}h Wqi}ikæh! li |nlh H|otolhli, li |nlh
]hailnqoh i Wnliq, i kh @oaiqlhli li}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Ký} wiqjhkimijn} }iqikn}, ojwh}}êtio} kn jion
li |nlh} h} mno}h} is|iqkh} xyi whqimij oklomhq n mnk|qèqon+
!Jhk|ikcn*ji }iqikn ij \yh Fqhkliuh I|iqkh, }yw`omn \iy Fqhkli Lnjêkon kn `yfhq xyi nmywn+ Wiqjhkiæn
kh Qhlohæín ln Liy} I|iqkn, n`chkln*|i }ijwqi ij w`ikh Dhmi!+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i, mnjn |hjaïj ]yh} Aåkæín} wi`n ik|y}oh}jn di`ou xyi }i i}|hai`imiy+
Ký} kn} i}dnqæhqijn} wnq wqi}iqthq*tn} ki}}i ik|y}oh}jn entoh` mnjn n Mik|qn li}|h Qhlohæín, wnqxyi |nln}
n} i}|ylhk|i} cín li }ik|o*`n i isiqmå*`n+
Aij jho} ln xyi }i wqitoh whqh i}|h }ijhkh dno qih`ouhln2 i ký} kn} qifnuoehjn} fqhklijik|i mnktn}mn+ H
aåkæín hjnqn}h li yj i}|ylhk|i, whqh mnj ny|qn ï jyo|n qimnjiklèti`, i i}|i }ojw`i} hmnk|imojik|n haqoq*
`ci}*è hjw`hjik|i h wnq|h whqh xyi qimiahj h hayklákmoh xyi `ci} ï li}|okhlh+
LO]MYQ]N
Iy |iqoh fqhkli }h|o}dhæín }i mhlh yj ln} i}|ylhk|i}, i}wimoh`jik|i ki}|h ïwnmh, ijwqifh}}i mnj |nln n
ik|y}oh}jn wn}}êti` h }ifyok|i hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY, IY ]NY, Iy }io xyi IY ]NY n y}n lh O`ojo|hlh
Nwy`åkmoh li Liy}!+
Li}ien i}m`hqimiq xyi, xyhkln cè yj fqywn li lo}mêwy`n} |qhah`chkln ij chqjnkoh, }ifykln n ji}jn
wqokmêwon, }i i`i} ijwqifhj i}}h hdoqjhæín, kín }ý |qhuij whqh lik|qn ln }iy jykln n y}n i}|h Fqhkli
Nwy`åkmoh mnjn aikidomohj n} ny|qn} mn`ifh} mnj h} ji}jh} aåkæín}, wnqxyi !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh ij mhlh
yj!+ O}}n mnk}|o|yo iknqji wnliq li mnnwiqhæín+
N} lo}mêwy`n} xyi jhk|åj ik|qi }o h h|o|yli li aåkæín hdi|yn}h, i}|ín qih`jik|i hmnkmcifhln} kn !Haqhæn lh
Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, i xyhkln mnjhklhj ]yh hæín i}|ín i}|iklikln hn} lijho} mnjwhkcioqn} h}
ji}jh} fqhæh} i ikiqfoh xyi na|iqín+
I}}h ï h h|o|yli mnqqi|h xyi liti }iq }y}|ik|hlh i, }i dnq jhk|olh mnj }okmiqolhli kn mnqhæín li mhlh yj, h
kokfyïj, ln} xyi i}|otiqij lik|qn li}|i haqhæn, dh`|hqè n xyi xyiq xyi }ieh kimi}}èqon2 jh} n lo}mêwy`n xyi
wiqjo|oq xyh`xyiq }ik|ojik|n li li}hjnq whqh mnj n} ny|qn}, wqothq*}i*è li}}h Fqhkli Qhlohæín i Aåkæín+
Ik|qijn} hfnqh kh mnjwqiik}ín }ojw`i} lh Tnk|hli li Liy} i ln `otqi*hqaê|qon+ N li}ien li Liy} ï h
Hayklákmoh li Aikitn`åkmoh * n `ifhln li mhlh yj li ]iy} do`cn}+
Xyhkln ay}mho} h @yu mnj }okmiqolhli, jilohk|i n ijwqifn lh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, ï ojwn}}êti`
xyi iswiqojik|io} h`fn xyi kín }ieh h Tnk|hli li Liy}+ Mnjn Do`cn} li Liy}, h xyij n Who liy `otqi*
hqaê|qon whqh xyi wn}}ho} i}mn`ciq, litio} mnjwqiikliq xyi }njik|i h tý} mnjwi|i limoloq n xyi litiqè h|yhq
ij tn}}h} tolh} i ij tn}}n jykln, mnjn limnqqåkmoh li tn}}h loqiæín mnk}moik|i+
Liy} ï n Wqokmêwon li |nlh h Tolh i mhlh do`cn ]iy ï yjh whq|i mnk}moik|i, h|oth i oklotolyh`ouhlh li}}i Ykn i
Fqhkli Wqokmêwon li Tolh, Hjnq i Wnliq+
Liy} diu liwn}o|èqon mhlh yj li ]iy} Do`cn} li}}h Mnk}moåkmoh Jhqhto`cn}h h xyh` ï Nkowqi}ik|i i
i|iqkhjik|i i`è}|omh, mhwhu li }iq loqofolh h yj wnk|n dnmh` h doj li i}mqitiq mnj Wikh li @yu, ny iswhkloq*
}i h|ï hahqmhq h \iqqh+
H mnk}moåkmoh ï }ijwqi loqofolh wi`n `otqi*hqaê|qon+ Ï dh`}h h olïoh i}|hai`imolh wi`n wik}hjik|n nq|nlnsn, li
xyi Liy} hfi }ifykln ]yh wqýwqoh tnk|hli kh tolh li yj oklotêlyn ny li yjh khæín+ Liy} }njik|i h|yh
h|qhtï} lh jik|i lh ]yh wqýwqoh oklotolyh`ouhæín, xyi }i qiti}|i lh} wiq}nkh`olhli} xyi tili} ij |nqkn li
tý}+ I}}h} wiq}nkh`olhli} }ín hwikh} tiêmy`n} whqh y}n i iswqi}}ín li}}h Wnliqn}h oklotolyh`olhli, xyi ï h
Tnk|hli li Liy} i tn}}n `otqi*hqaê|qon, }ikln xyi i}|i }ý ik|qh ij hæín wnq jion lh tn}}h loqiæín mnk}moik|i+
Hdoqjn*tn} xyi |nlh} h} dykæùi} li tn}}n mnqwn }ín jhk|olh} h|qhtï} li yjh hæín mnk}moik|i, hoklh xyi kín
wn}}ho} wiqmiaiq, jh} ç jilolh xyi wiki|qhqli} mhlh tiu jho} wqndyklhjik|i kh Mnk}moåkmoh lh !Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, oqio} mnjwqiiklikln xyi ï ojwn}}êti` h|n h`fyj is|iqkn qih`ouhq*}i }ij h hæín
hy|nmnk}moik|i+
Wnlio} mnjwqnthq o}}n li yjh jhkioqh jyo|n }ojw`i}+ ]i li}ieho} isimy|hq yjh hæín dê}omh, jntiq h jín, wnq
isijw`n, i}}h h|otolhli tij }ijwqi wqimilolh ln wik}hjik|n li isimy|è*`h, li ny|qn jnln h jín kín }i
jntiqoh+ N xyi n} cyjhkn} mnktikmonkhqhj mchjhq hæín oktn`yk|èqoh ï xyi n} o`yli kh mnjwqiik}ín ln }iy
wqýwqon ]iq+
Litio} hmio|hq i}|h }okfi`h isw`omhæín i ki`h jilo|hq dqixðik|ijik|i, wno} o}}n hdh}|hqè lh jik|i xyh`xyiq
na}|qyæín+ ]no} ]iqi} hy|nmnk}moik|i}, ln|hln} li `otqi*hqaê|qon, i o}}n ï tiqlhlioqhjik|i li ojwnq|ákmoh to|h`
whqh |nln} n} lo}mêwy`n}+

9?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H !Wqi}ikæh Oklotolyh`ouhlh li Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n! dno n mik|qn lh} qiykoùi} li}|h }ijhkh+ Ij yjh li`h},
jhkodi}|ny*}i }na h dnqjh lh !Èqtnqi lh Tolh!, }ikln mhlh i}|ylhk|i yj qhjn+ Ij ny|qh, hwqi}ik|ny*}i |h`
mnjn yj !Wo`hq li Oqqhlohæín Li}`yjaqhk|i!, ij ]yh Dnqjh Wi}}nh` To}êti`+ Kh wqojioqh tiu ]yh Dnqjh
i}|hth lik|qn lh !Èqtnqi lh Tolh!, wnqïj okto}êti` * i o}}n }ij jikmonkhq ny|qn} Ji}|qi} lh Cn}|i
H}mik}onkhlh, xyi }i hmchthj wqi}ik|i}, mnjn Khlh, Mcè Hqh, @hk|n i Iy+
Li}ien louiq h i}|i fqywn li lo}mêwy`n}, haikænhln} mnj h qn}h jê}|omh, kn mik|qn li }iy} mnqhæùi}, xyi h
|nln} ikmiqqn h`ifqijik|i kn Jiy haqhæn hdi|yn}n whqh xyi wn}}hj y}hq i okh`hq h Qhlohæín li Jiy ]iq+
I`i} |åj @oaiqlhli i Lnjêkon hn }iy h`mhkmi, li}li xyi }i doqjij ki}|h} Ok}|qyæùi} i h} hw`oxyij+
H`ïj lo}}n, xyiqn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} mnjwqiiklhj xyi h Mnqqik|i li Tolh, xyi d`yo h|qhtï} li }yh jik|i i
mnqwn, ï }ijwqi wyqh i okh`|iqhlh, mnk|ikln |nlh h dnqæh, mnqhfij, ikiqfoh i }hailnqoh xyi wn}}hj li}iehq2
ik|qi|hk|n, wnq dh`|h li mnk|qn`i li }iy} wik}hjik|n} i }ik|ojik|n}, i}|ín qixyh`odomhkln okmnk}moik|ijik|i
i}|h I}}åkmoh Wyqh mnj h} olïoh} is|iqkh} ij xyi |ikchj doshln }yh h|ikæín+
Dnqjhq n cèao|n li wiqjhkimiq hy|nmnk}moik|i li xyi5 !IY ]NY h õkomh Ok|i`ofåkmoh ij hæín!, khxyo`n ij
xyi h jik|i i}|otiq nmywhlh, kn jnjik|n, ito|hqè xyi i}|h Wnliqn}h i Jhqhto`cn}h Mnqqik|i li Tolh tikch h
}iq li}`y}|qhlh, Iy loqoh, li}xyh`odomhlh wi`h} iqqükih} mnkmiwæùi} lh h|otolhli is|iqkh lh jik|i+ I}|i ï
qih`jik|i n }ifqiln }ojw`i} li |nlh Wiqdioæín, ah}|hkln hwikh} mnjwqiiklå*`n+
I}|h Tolh Fqhklon}h mcifh hn y}n li |nln} Wyqh i Wiqdio|h jh}, wnq dh`|h li mnjwqiik}ín, h jik|i is|iqkh
i}|è mnk}|hk|ijik|i ojwqojokln*`ci mnkmiwæùi} lo}mnqlhk|i}, i h}}oj n} }iqi} cyjhkn} |qhk}dnqjhj ]yh
Hæín Wiqdio|h khxyo`n xyi, kh h|otolhli is|iqkh, }i `ci} hwqi}ik|h mnjn `ojo|hæín i lo}mýqloh+
O}}n litiqoh jn}|qhq m`hqhjik|i h h|otolhli }ojw`i} i hy|nmnk}moik|i h }iq jhk|olh, h doj li mnk}iqthq i}|h
Tolh jhqhto`cn}h i wiqdio|h xyi i}|è mnk}|hk|ijik|i d`yokln h|qhtï} li tn}}h} jik|i} i mnqwn}, ij }iy
I}|hln li Wyqh Dqhfqákmoh2 wnqxyi, ij tiqlhli tn} lofn, hxyi`i} xyi }ifyoqij i mnk}iqthqij i}}h olïoh
tiqodomhqín xyi h} ijhkhæùi} ln} wqýwqon} mnqwn} }i |nqkhj jho} }ya`ojhlh} i nlnqêdiqh} ln xyi h} ln `êqon
ny lh qn}h+ H`ïj lo}}n, mnj h mnk}moåkmoh li}}h Wiqdioæín, xyi d`yo wiqikijik|i whqh n }iy y}n, wnliqín
mnkcimå*`h mnjn }hõli i ai`iuh wiqdio|h li qn}|n i dnqjh, h|ï xyi h ]yh Qhlohæín qi}w`hkliæh mnjn n ]n`+
Nc, Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( ]ikln o}|n |ín }ojw`i} i qixyiqikln |ín wixyikn i}dnqæn mnk}moik|ijik|i
}y}|ik|hln, kín th`i h wikh lhq |yln xyi ï wqimo}n li tn}}h whq|i whqh ik|qhq kh W`iko|yli li}|h Mnqqik|i li
Tolh i qimiaiq ]yh Hayklákmoh i ]yh} Aåkæín}>
Cnyti yjh tiu, kh h|otolhli nqoik|h`, yjh }nmoilhli }imqi|h, nqofokèqoh lh Mcokh, jhk|olh f`nqon}hjik|i kh
@yu, h|ï xyi n loqofik|i lh Nqlij }ywü} xyi }yh do`ch, h xyij hjhth wqndyklhjik|i, |oti}}i }oln jnq|h wnq
yj okf`å}, kyj ln} }hxyi} wqh|omhln} wnq |qnwh} li }n`lhln} lyqhk|i h fyiqqh+ Kín iqh n mh}n, ik|qi|hk|n o}}n
qi}y`|ny kh lo}}n`yæín lh Nqlij+ H} qiwqi}ik|hæùi} |ih|qho} li !Dy*Jhkmcy! }ín qi`h|n} ln hmnk|imojik|n
whqh n jykln is|iqonq, jn}|qhkln mnjn h !@yu! wnli }iq li}toq|yhlh wnq h`fn xyi wqntnmny n }ik|ojik|n li
tokfhkæh+
N }iq mnkcimoln wnq !Dy*Jhkmcy! iqh, kn mnjiæn lhxyi`h h|otolhli, yjh h`jh ai`h i hljoqèti`2 mnk|yln, i
n} dh|n} lijnk}|qhj, n} i}|qhfn} lh fyiqqh i h dh`|h li mnk|qn`i ln wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n kn oklotêlyn
wyliqhj hmhqqi|hq |h` lo}|nqæín kh Mnqqik|i lh Tolh+
Ij qi`hæín ç H|otolhli ]y`*Hjiqomhkh, h qi}wio|n lh xyh` n wqi}ik|i |qhah`cn dnmh`ouh wqhuiqn}hjik|i h
h|ikæín, |ikcn h louiq5 h|ï xyi i}|i dnmn li qhlohæín mnjiæh}}i, h jhonqoh lytolhth, ismi|n Ji}|qh Khlh i
Iy, lh wn}}oao`olhli li }i i}|hai`imiq |h` dnmn ki}}i hfo|hln jykln nmolik|h`2 ï xyi i`i} kín }haohj kij
mnkcimohj h iso}|åkmoh li kn}}h `nkfh h}}nmohæín, xyi kykmh `ci} dnqh qiti`hlh+ H}}oj, h}}yjokln h
ism`y}oth qi}wnk}hao`olhli, lo}}i5 !Iswiqojik|hqio!+
\ikcn hfnqh h mnnwiqhæín ok|ifqh` li |nln} hxyi`i} xyi wnliqohj dhuiq naeiæùi}+ N Ji}|qi li Tåky} i @hk|n
|hjaïj hliqoqhj h ký}+ Iy `ci} lo}}i5 !Mcifny n |ijwn kn xyh` hxyi`i} xyi i}|ín dnqh ln} Qi|oqn} wnlij }iq
mnktiq|oln} ij Tiqlhlioqn} Jik}hfioqn} lh @yu!+ Fqhæh} h tý}, wqntio xyi |okch qhuín+ Hfnqh, kh|yqh`jik|i,
wiæn h |nln} wiqjhkimiqij Mnjofn ij hwnon h i}|h hdoqjhæín+
O}|n wqnth xyi ï wn}}êti` i}|hai`imiq*}i h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh H|oth ij jion h yjh |nqjik|h+ ]ijwqi n
hdoqjio, i wnq jyo|n |ijwn i}|oti }nuokcn, jh} h mhwhmolhli li h}}ojo`hæín ln} lo}mêwy`n} kn ijwqifn lh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i}|è wn}}oao`o|hkln qih`ouhæùi} is|qhnqlokèqoh}, i, lofn }okmiqhjik|i, whqh tn}}n
i}|êjy`n, xyi }ikln i}|h jhqhto`cn}h mnkloæín jhk|olh kn wnk|n h xyi mcifny, kín ï ojwn}}êti` tikchj
Lotiq}n} ]iqi} H}mik}onkhln} |njhq h}}ik|n ik|qi tý}, to}êtio} ij ]iy} mnqwn} dê}omn}+
O}}n kín ï ish|hjik|i yjh xyi}|ín ln li}ien ln} lo}mêwy`n} ij na|å*`n, liwikli hk|i} lh wqiwhqhæín ln}
ji}jn}+ I}}i anj Oqjín h|ï wnymn |ijwn ofknqhth o}}n, jh} wnq |qok|h hkn} i`i tij }ikln wqiwhqhln whqh
i}}i jo}|iq+ Lyqhk|i ji|hli li}}i |ijwn, }yh wqiwhqhæín iqh `ithlh h idio|n kn okto}êti`, i dno yjh mno}h
kn|hti`jik|i ai`h whqh |nln} n} xyi h na}iqthqhj+
Lo}mêwy`n * Ç kno|i wh}}hlh, ikxyhk|n iy i}|hth ij jilo|hæín wqndyklh, nyto h} wh`htqh}5 !Kh Molhli li
Li`co!+
Ji}|qi * Qih`jik|i }ofkodomh kh !Molhli lh @yu!+

47
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Lo}mêwy`n * Kh }ifyklh*dioqh, loh 1? li kntijaqn li 8?=1, nyto, wi`h jhkcí, hk|i} lh wqè|omh, i cnei
knthjik|i, h} wh`htqh} li Ei}y}5 !I}|oti}|i} Mnjofn ij jokch} wqnthæùi}, hfnqh Ji tiqio} ij Jokch
F`ýqoh i tiqio} h qimnjwik}h xyi Jiy Who Ji lhqè!+
Ji}|qi * I h}}oj }iqè ij tn}}h iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh+
H} ji}jh} wh`htqh} xyi Ei}y} y}ny ij ïwnmh} wh}}hlh}, |nln} wnlij ijwqifhq i ijwqifhqín h`fyj loh, ij
h`fyj `yfhq, mnj åso|n, wno} h} wh`htqh} xyi I`i wqndiqoy ij |nlh} n} |ijwn} iswqojohj !Tolh !, i
mnk|okchj ij }o hxyi`h Tolh H}mik}onkhlh ny Tolh Wiqdio|h+
Wiqfyk|h * Mnjn i}|è h }o|yhæín jykloh`>
Qi}wn}|h * Kín litiqè |iq }oln |ín dhtnqèti` hn i`ijik|n xyi wqnmyqny ok|qnlyuoq*}i, mnkdnqji i}wiqhthj+ N
ti`cn lo|hln5 !]i liqli} mnqlh ij lijh}oh h yj aiuiqqn, i`i }i ikdnqmhqè! ï tiqlhlioqn mnj qi`hæín h miq|h}
dnqæh}+ Jyo|h} tiui}, xyhkln n} cnjik} wik}hj |iq mnk}ifyoln yjh to|ýqoh dèmo`, n xyi douiqhj dno mhthq }yh
wqýwqoh }iwy`|yqh+
Dno whqh Joj jn|otn li fqhkli h`ifqoh wqnthq xyi, ij |iqqh} lh Hjïqomh, whqh h xyh` li}li `nkfn |ijwn
tikcn |qhah`chkln, chtoh xyij wyli}}i qimiaiq n xyi i}|ho} qimiaikln i hfnqh loty`fhkln+ Dnqhj n} Ji}|qi}
li Tåky} xyi toqhj o}|n Mnjofn cè ah}|hk|i |ijwn+ N Mhjwn li hæín ln} Byjhqh} iqh ny|qn, jh} hfnqh I`i}
i}|ín h|ik|n} h i}|h qih`ouhæín+
Kín cè oqqhlohæín ijo|olh li whq|i h`fyjh ln Ykotiq}n, xyi kín }ieh h|qhtï} li wqneiæín mnk}moik|i+ H
qhlohæín lh} i}|qi`h}, wqnei|hlh whqh h kn}}h \iqqh, kín wnli ik|qhq ij mnk|h|n mnj n nqai }ij h loqiæín
mnk}moik|i ln ]iq Mý}jomn xyi ï h Wqi}ikæh Loqofik|i Mnk}moik|i lh i}|qi`h ny w`hki|h+ Ï i}}h nqoik|hæín
mnk}moik|i xyi dhu mnj xyi& h qhlohæín li yj w`hki|h whqh ny|qn mcifyi hn }iy li}|okn, jh} h qhlohæín h}}oj
loqofolh kín `ith mnk}ofn kikcyj h}wim|n hltiq}n whqh xyh`xyiq oklotêlyn ki}}i `yfhq+
H} @io} Mý}jomh} Ykotiq}ho} lh \iqqh, xyi ojwi`ij hn li}iktn`tojik|n wnq jion lh `io lh iswiqoåkmoh,
ikmiqqhj ij }o n xyi mnkcimio} mnjn qi}o}|åkmoh+ ]i kín cnyti}}i hxyo`n xyi n oklotêlyn mnkcimi mnjn
qi}o}|åkmoh, i`i kín dhqoh i}dnqæn mnk}moik|i, i o}}n |nqkhqoh ojwn}}êti` n wqnfqi}}n lik|qn ln mnkcimojik|n,
ny }ieh, n qi|nqkn ç Mh}h ln Who, li nkli }i is|qhtohqhj n} do`cn} lh \iqqh+
Qi}o}|åkmoh khlh |ij xyi tiq mnj lo}mýqloh+ Qi}o}|åkmoh ï yjh @io Kh|yqh`, h lo}mýqloh ï yjh mqohæín
cyjhkh+ Kín cè lo}mýqloh kn Ykotiq}n, ismi|n h xyi h wiq}nkh`olhli mqoh+
Hln|ho h mnk}moåkmoh5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh fntiqkhk|i lo}}n!+ N li}ien }i hwqi}ik|h, ij wqojioqn `yfhq, kh
jik|i, i }i hln|ho} h mnk}moåkmoh5 !IY ]NY h Jik|i Wyqh li Liy}!, n wik}hjik|n ï mnk}yjoln i h jik|i
cyjhkh domh ok|ioqhjik|i `oaiq|hlh ln li}ien+
Xyhkln yj `êxyoln }i wqimowo|hq ij tn}}h jín, ok}|hk|hkihjik|i xyh`odomho*n mnjn @yu @êxyolh, i i`i }i
jhkodi}|hqè mnjn \h`+ Nqlikho whqh xyi }i jhkodi}|i i}}h xyh`olhli hk|i} ln okêmon lh wqimowo|hæín+
Yj i}|ylhk|i kín litiqoh i}wiqhq tiq h ji}jh h|otolhli xyi ny|qn2 kín }i liti }ywnq xyi n} i}|ylhk|i}
tiehj ny }ok|hj ln ji}jn jnln+
Kín cè yj jnjik|n, lyqhk|i n loh, ij xyi kín to}yh`ouijn} h`fn wnqxyi n wnliq lh to}ín i}|è hfokln |nln n
|ijwn+ Hdh}|ho |yln lh jik|i, ismi|n h ojhfij xyi li}ieho}, wnqxyi i`h ï |yln n xyi tn} ok|iqi}}h+ Kín
liosio} xyi h h|ikæín }i dnmh`oui kh tí hwhqåkmoh+

48
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Qhon Wi}}nh` li Ei}y}
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 * Nc, Jhei}|n}h Wqi}ikæh ln H}mik}onkhln Ei}y} Mqo}|n( \y, xyi fhkch}|i n Lnjêkon I|iqkn
}naqi |nlh} h} mno}h}, \y, xyi qiwny}h} }iqikn kn Mnqhæín ln Who I|iqkn, liqqhjhkln \yh Jhqhto`cn}h
Qhlohæín xyi iktn`ti |nlh h cyjhkolhli, Ký} \i qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh}+ Kn}}n} mnqhæùi} }i ikmcij li
fqhkli h`ifqoh wnqxyi h Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh, eyk|hjik|i mnk|ofn, tå i jhkowy`h h @yu I|iqkh xyi li}wnk|h
whqh aij*htik|yqhkæh lh cyjhkolhli+
H|qhtï} ln ]iy wqýwqon Qhon wi}}nh`, Ei}y} mnjykomhqè hfnqh ]iy Li}ien hn} I}|ylhk|i}+
LO]MYQ]N LI EI]Y]
H\QHTÏ] LN ]IY WQÝWQON QHON WI]]NH@, EI]Y] MNJYKOMHQÈ, HFNQH, ]IY LI]IEN HN]
LO]MÊWY@N]
#Dh`h n Aij*Hjhln Ji}|qi H}mik}onkhln Ei}y}/
Xyhkln Iy lo}}i5 !IY ]NY h wnq|h haiq|h xyi kokfyïj wnliqè dimchq!, do*`n whqh xyi h cyjhkolhli
mnjwqiikli}}i xyi ji qidiqoh hn !Fqhkli IY ]NY!, xyi ï h Tolh li |nln oklotêlyn jhkodi}|hlh kh dnqjh+
Iy kín xyo} iswqojoq xyi h wi}}nh li Ei}y} iqh h õkomh h xyij i}}i fqhkli wqoto`ïfon dnqh mnkdiqoln+ Mhlh yj
li tý}, hjhln} do`cn} ln Who Ykn, |ij lik|qn li }o h ji}jh Wqi}ikæh Wnliqn}h, n !Fqhkli IY ]NY! xyi Iy
|ikcn i |okch khxyi`h ïwnmh ij xyi h`mhkmio h To|ýqoh Dokh` i I|iqkh+
Li}ien xyi mnjwqiiklho}, whqh ikmnqhehjik|n, dnqæh i miq|iuh ij tn}}h} jik|i}, xyi h Mnk}moåkmoh xyi
ijwqifyio whqh i}}h Fqhkli To|ýqoh dno n y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! xyi tn} i}|è }ikln ik}okhln+ Iy chtoh
wqnmyqhln h|qhtï} li |nln} n} mhjokcn} hmi}}êtio} khxyi`i |ijwn, xyhkln dokh`jik|i h li|iqjokhæín i n
li}ien li mnkcimiq h Tiqlhli mnklyuoqhj*ji hn Fqhkli Ji}|qi * h Xyij h`fyj loh chtio} li mnkcimiq+ I`i
liy*ji i}|i ]ifqiln Ok|iqkn i n Wnliqn}n Wqoto`ïfon li dhuiq*ji qi|nqkhq whqh i}|h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh!, n
!Fqhkli IY ]NY!+ Wnq jion li ]yh qhlohæín, wyli mnjwqiikliq i mnjimio h y}è*`h+ Ï h õkomh jhkioqh wi`h
xyh` |nlh oklotolyh`ouhæín ln Qhon li Liy} wnli h`mhkæhq h To|ýqoh I|iqkh i mnk}|qyoq }yh i}|qy|yqh }naqi yjh
ah}i doqji, nkli kikcyjh h|otolhli is|iqkh wnliqè ehjho} wiq|yqaè*`h+
Xyiqn hfnqh |qhk}jo|oq*tn} n ijwqifn }ojw`i} i nkown|ik|i li}}h Wqi}ikæh+ \nln} hxyi`i} xyi na|otiqhj h
Wnliqn}h To|ýqoh i dnqhj mhwhui}, mnjn Iy, li h}mikliq, hk|i} i liwno} li Joj, ijwqifhqhj h h|otolhli
mnk}moik|i li}|h !Wnliqn}h i I|iqkh Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
Xyhkln lo}}i hn} Jiy} lo}mêwy`n} i ç cyjhkolhli5 !Hxyi`i xyi mqå dhqè |hjaïj h} naqh} xyi Iy dhæn, i
ny|qh} hoklh jhonqi}!, }haoh n xyi louoh * mnkcimikln xyi kn ok|iqonq li mhlh oklotolyh`ouhæín ny Do`cn li
Liy} chtoh i}|h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnq myeh lilomhæín }no} ojwi`oln} whqh dqik|i, okdh`oti`jik|i+
Lofn !ojwi`oln}! wnq xyiqiq iswqojoq ish|hjik|i o}}n+
N ijwqifn mnk}|hk|i li tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! tn} ojwi`i whqh lohk|i, hwi}hq li |nlh i xyh`xyiq
h|otolhli ln iy is|iqkn+ Ikxyhk|n i}}h Olïoh dnq jhk|olh mnj doqjiuh, h} |ijwi}|hli}, hkfõ}|oh} i
wiq|yqahæùi} wnliqín li}ikmhlihq*}i eyk|n h tý}, jh} kh Mnk}moåkmoh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! wiqjhkimiqio}
|qhkxðo`n} i okh|okfoln} wi`n |nqti`okcn li}}h mqohæín cyjhkh, xyi, li ny|qh dnqjh, wnliqoh tn} iktn`tiq+
Cè }njik|i yj jnln wnq jion ln xyh` tý} i n Who wnlio} |nqkhq*tn} i|iqkhjik|i Yj, i i}|i ï h|qhtï} lh
w`ikh hmio|hæín lh ]yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, lh Ikiqfoh, ln Hjnq, lh ]hailnqoh i ln Wnliq xyi I`i tn}
mnkmiliy * i`n} lnyqhln}, lifqhy} wqimon}n} h|qhtï} ln} xyho} }yao} }iqikhjik|i whqh tn}}h mnkxyo}|h dokh`+
Yj loh, ij h`fyj `yfhq, mhlh oklotolyh`ouhæín li Liy}, n Who, |iqè li ikmnk|qhq n mhjokcn li qifqi}}n h I`i
wnq ok|iqjïlon li }yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, myjwqokln }iy mom`n ny mom`n} li oklotolyh`ouhæùi} wi`n y}n lh
h|otolhli ln iy is|iqkn+ H \iqqh ï h õkomh i}diqh nkli iso}|i h i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh mnj h lik}olhli xyi
iswiqojik|ho}+ N qimnkcimojik|n mnk}moik|i i n y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi }no}, i`ith fqhlyh`jik|i h
hæín toaqh|ýqoh lh tn}}h i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh, li}wokln i `oaiqhkln h h|otolhli i`i|qükomh xyi i}|è nmy`|h lik|qn
ln è|njn, |nqkhkln*tn} mhwhui} li tn} |qhk}dnqjhqli} ij ]iqi} Hy|n`yjokn}n}+
Li}ien xyi }ieh m`hqhjik|i mnjwqiikloln wnq |nln} n} xyi wn}}hj qimiaiq i}|i |qhah`cn ny mnj i`i mnk|h|hq,
xyi kín ]ny i kykmh dyo yj ]iq I}wimoh` mqohln wnq Liy} lodiqik|i ln qi}|n lh cyjhkolhli( Ï tiqlhli xyi
Iy douiqh wqitohjik|i i}dnqæn} mnk}moik|i} i jyo|n mnk}ifyoqh hk|i} lh ikmhqkhæín ij xyi h`mhkmio h To|ýqoh
I|iqkh+ H iswiqoåkmoh xyi i}mn`co cè lno} jo` hkn} li}|okhth* }i h hwqi}ik|hq n isijw`n ln xyi mhlh
oklotolyh`ouhæín li Liy} liti }ifyoq jho} miln ny jho} |hqli+
Iy ok}o}|n, Hjhln} Do`cn} li Liy}, whqh xyi Ji mnk}oliqio} tn}}n Oqjín Jho} Ti`cn, Ykn mnktn}mn(
Xyhkln Iy lo}}i xyi !IY ]NY }ijwqi mnktn}mn!, xyo} iswqojoq xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! xyi !IY ]NY! i
xyi tý} }no} ï YKH+ Wnq|hk|n, kín tili} mnjn !Iy ]ny }ijwqi mnktn}mn!> Jilo|ho wqndyklhjik|i ko}}n i
wqnmyqho }ik|oq }yh qih`olhli+
Lyqhk|i Jokch H}mik}ín, i liwno} li`h, to h th}|olín lh Qhlohæín xyi iy wnliqoh liqqhjhq whqh n} jiy}
hjhln} oqjín} i oqjí} lh \iqqh, lh i}diqh xyi ji dno lhln chao|hq+ Li}ien louiq*tn} i}}h tiqlhli5 mhlh
wi}}nh xyi Ji iktohq }iy wik}hjik|n mnk}moik|i, mnj n li}ien li i`ithq*}i hmojh lh} `ojo|hæùi} |iqqikh} ny

41
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
li }yh} wqýwqoh} mqohæùi}, i totiq ki}}h mnkdnqjolhli, qimiaiqè li Joj |nlh h h}}o}|åkmoh xyi `ci wn}}h }iq
lhlh, li hmnqln mnj n fqhy li li}iktn`tojik|n lh mnk}moåkmoh xyi h`mhkæh li |ijwn} ij |ijwn}+
Kín Ji ok|iqwqi|io} jh` xyhkln dh`n li li}iktn`tojik|n, i}|ny ji qidiqokln ç cyjhkolhli ij fiqh`+ Kín
ji qidoqn hn} xyi |åj yj wqiwhqn wqïton }ydomoik|i whqh xyi, ij }iy y}n h|yh` i w`ikh hmio|hæín lh }yh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wn}}hj qnjwiq n tïy lh mqohæín cyjhkh i ik|qhq kn !Haqhæn lh Qi}w`hklimik|i
Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY, H}mik}onkhlh! h xyh`xyiq jnjik|n+ Iso}|ij h`fyk}, kn fqywn li lo}mêwy`n} eè
mnk}|o|yêln, whqh xyij o}}n ï wn}}êti`+ Liwikli ok|ioqhjik|i li`i} ji}jn}, lh ok|ik}olhli mh`jh i
ixyo`oaqhlh wi`h xyh` }i |nqkij mnk}moik|i} li }yh !Wqi}ikæh Iy ]ny!+
I}}h} fqhkli} knth} iy tn} |qhfn wnqxyi |oti mnjwqnthæín li`h} kh Jokch iswiqoåkmoh wi}}nh`+
Hk|i} li limoloq ok|ioqhjik|i wi`h jhkioqh xyi ji mnklyuoqoh h lioshq n isijw`n whqh h cyjhkolhli,
mnjimio li qiwik|i, wnq yj ojwy`}n ok|iqonq, h ijwqifhq h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!+
Lik|qn li lno} loh}, h whq|oq ln jnjik|n ij xyi mnjimio h y}hq i}|h hdoqjhæín, to mnj fqhkli qifnuoen n xyi
iqh wqimo}n dhuiq, i wn}}n hdohkæhq*tn} |iq }oln n y}n mnk}moik|i lh Wnliqn}h Hdoqjhæín !IY ]NY h
Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh! xyi Ji wiqjo|oy qih`ouhq h H}mik}ín kh Wqi}ikæh li |hk|n}, i qifo}|qhq kn} hqxyotn}
i|ïqomn} hxyi`i isijw`n xyi wiqjhkimiqè i|iqkhjik|i wqi}ik|i whqh |nlh h cyjhkolhli+
Okdi`oujik|i, n tïy ln wik}hjik|n nq|nlnsn mnaqoy h jik|i ln wntn, ojwilokln h mnjwqiik}ín li xyi mhlh
yj |ij lik|qn li }o, mnjn Iy |okch, h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wi`h xyh` wnliqè mnk}ifyoq h} ji}jh} mno}h} xyi
Iy i mnkxyo}|hq h To|ýqoh I|iqkh+
Ï i}|h, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, h jik}hfij wi}}nh` xyi liosn mnktn}mn, |qhk}jo|olh h|qhtï} ln Qhon lh @yu i ln
]nj, ij xyi xyh`xyiq li tý} wnli ik|qhq, tiq i nytoq li}li xyi |ikch }ydomoik|i wqiwhqn mnk}moik|i+
Ok}o}|n, ny|qh tiu, xyi Ji mnk}oliqio} tn}}n Oqjín Jho} Ti`cn, wqnk|n h lhq*tn} h}}o}|åkmoh ij |nln} n}
jnjik|n}+ Kín Ji mnk}oliqio} yj ]iq \qhk}miklik|i |ín `nkfi ln tn}}n h`mhkmi, xyi }i |nqki ojwn}}êti`
xyh`xyiq mnk|h|n, wnqxyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi ji chao`o|ny h dhuiq h H}mik}ín, ï h ji}jh !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY! xyi tn} mhwhmo|hqè h dhuiq h H}mik}ín mnjn iy dou, }ý xyi cnei |ikli} h h}}o}|åkmoh lh Fqhkli
Cn}|i li ]iqi} H}mik}onkhln} xyi mnkxyo}|hqhj h To|ýqoh I|iqkh i h`ifqijik|i }i mn`nmhj h tn}}n }iqtoæn,
ikxyhk|n tn} wqiwhqho}+
Ij Jiy Hjnq tn} iktn`tn i qiwo|n jho} yjh tiu5 !IY I]\NY }ijwqi mnktn}mn!+
Dh`h ]hok| Fiqjhok5 !Iy kín lo}}i xyi |okch yjh }yqwqi}h>!

4=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ikiqfoh H|qhtï} lh Jín
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 * Nc, Wnliqn}h i Oktikmêti` !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY& !( Dh`h \y Ji}jh kn} mnqhæùi} ln} do`cn}
ln} cnjik}( Okyklh*`ci} n} mnqhæùi} i h} jik|i} hdoj li }i iswhkloqij mnj h Jhfkodomåkmoh li \yh
Wqi}ikæh, mnj h d nqæh mnk}moik|i, whqh xyi mnkdoij ij \o i \i qimnkciæhj mnjn !H Ykh!* h Wnliqn}h,
I|iqkh Nqofij li |nlh} h} mno}h}, wi`h xyh` h mnk}moåkmoh lh cyjhkolhli ï }y}|ik|hlh+ Dhuiq*`ci} mnkcimiq h
\yh Fqhkli ]hailnqoh, dhuiq*`ci} }haiq xyi ï} \y, }ý \y, n Lnkn i n Lnhlnq li |yln n xyi iso}|i i h}}oj
wn}}hj jhkodi}|hq*}i h`|qyo}|omhjik|i yk} whqh mnj n} ny|qn}+ Ký} \i hfqhlimijn}+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i xyi i}|è }ijwqi liqqhjhkln ]yh Qhlohk|i Wqi}ikæh ij tn}}h} tolh}+
LO]MYQ]N
Ï mnj jyo|h h`ifqoh xyi jyo|n} ln} xyi tåj na}iqthkln i}|h qih`ouhæín wiqmiaij mnjn qih`jik|i n}
lo}mêwy`n} i}|ín ik|qhkln kh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, i mnjn n} dh|n}, xyi i}|otiqhj mhy}hkln
wiq|yqahæín, i}|ín }ikln lo}}n`toln} i hdh}|hln} mnjn }i kykmh |oti}}ij iso}|oln+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, }no} mhwhui} li hth`ohq h is|ik}ín ln Kn}}n qifnuoen> Ký} wh`jo`chjn} h i}|qhlh ln
mnkcimojik|n i h`mhkæhjn} h Fqhkli @oaiqlhli lh Ji}|qoh }naqi |nlh `ojo|hæín, wnq o}}n kn} h`ifqhjn} hn
tiq xyi wiki|qho} ki}|h Wqi}ikæh h xyh`, }i jhk|olh, tn} mnklyuoqè }ifyqhjik|i h i}}h ji}jh @oaiqlhli+ ]ý
xyhkln n is|iqkn }i |nqkh }ydomoik|ijik|i nailoik|i, lhkln |nln n wnliq h i}|h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh, ï
xyi }i ikmnk|qh whu i |qhkxðo`olhli ki}|i Wnliqn}n Qimnkcimojik|n+
Ki}|h whu i }iqikolhli d`yo yj wnliqn}n qon li ikiqfoh, xyh` yj myq}n l&èfyh lh jnk|hkch d`yokln h|qhtï} li
yj th`i dïq|o`, mnaiq|n li d`nqi} i li tifi|hæín isyaiqhk|i+ H}}oj, ki}}h whu xyi y`|qhwh}}h |nlh
mnjwqiik}ín, hthkæho} mhlh tiu jho}, mnk}|h|hkln xyi i}|i i|iqkn qon li ikiqfoh }i liqqhjh lik|qn i h|qhtï}
li tn}}n }iq, i}wh`chkln }yh} aåkæín} i nwy`åkmoh ij tn}}h Tolh i iswiqoåkmoh nkli xyiq xyi i}|ieho}+
Mnkxyhk|n }ieh tiqlhli xyi h ok|i`ofåkmoh ï n mhkh` qimiw|nq, }i }ik|oqli} mnj wqndyklh }okmiqolhli h
!Tiqlhli lh Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, tiqodomhqio} xyi h xyoi|yli hyjik|h mhlh tiu jho}, h|ï xyi yj loh !tiqio} h
wnq|h li tn}}h mqohæín haqoq*}i li whq ij whq lohk|i li tý}+ Ik|qhqio}, ik|ín, ki}|h @oaiqlhli mnj n} aqhæn}
i}|ikloln}, okh`hkln h dqhfqákmoh lh H|jn}diqh Wyqh ln Jykln I|ïqomn, kn xyh` }iqio} mhwhui} li jn`lhq,
mnj Wiqdioæín, hxyi`h }ya}|ákmoh w`è}|omh li |yln ij xyi }i doshq tn}}n li}ien!+
I}|ho} na|ikln yj i}w`åkloln wqnfqi}}n, kín liosio} xyi |ijnq h`fyj li wi}}nh}, `yfhqi}, mnkloæùi} ny
mno}h} tn} ok|iqqnjwh ny wiq|yqai, wnqxyi h !Wqi}ikæh lh @yu! i}|è lohk|i li tý}, hmikhkln* tn} whqh xyi
mnk|okyio}, h doj li xyi wn}}ho} }iq iktn`toln} ij ]iy haqhæn hdi|yn}n i qimiaiq ]yh} qoxyiuh} o`ojo|hlh} xyi
I`h |ij qi}iqthlh} whqh tý}+
Hfnqh loqio h`fn xyi tn} wnliqè whqimiq }yqwqiiklik|i, jh} h}}ifyqn*tn} xyi ï ok|ioqhjik|i tiqlhlioqn+ Kh
kno|i wh}}hlh, dnqjy`ny*}i h wiqfyk|h5 !Eè i}|otijn} eyk|n} hk|iqonqjik|i!> * Iy lofn*tn} xyi kín |iqoh }oln
wn}}êti` tn} qiykoqli} whqh i}|h hæín ok|ik}odomhlh lh Fqhkli @io Ok|iqkh, }i kín |otï}}io} |oln, kn wh}}hln,
yjh h}}nmohæín i |qiokhjik|n chqjnkon}n}+ Ji}jn xyi h wqokmêwon }ieh lodêmo` whqh tý} mnjwqiikliq o}|n,
i}|ho} qimiaikln |qiokhjik|n ok|ik}odomhln, xyi h|ï ik|ín }ý iqh lhln hwý} |qå} hkn} li i}|èfon wqnah|ýqon kyj
qi|oqn+ H`fyk} li tý} |åj hmyjy`hln |i}nyqn} li Ikiqfoh, xyiqn louiq5 ikiqfoh mqohlh wnq tn}}h h|otolhli
mnk}moik|i h|qhtï} lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Ny|qn} |åj eyk|hln |i}nyqn} li @yu+ Ny|qn}, hoklh, |i}nyqn} li
Hjnq+ H`fyk} wn}}yij nyqn i eýoh} xyi dnqhj fyhqlhlh} whqh }iqij y}hlh} ki}|h ikmhqkhæín+ Tèqon} i}|ín
wqi}|i} h |qhuiq ç jhkodi}|hæín to}êti` * ç} wqýwqoh} jín} * i}}i} |i}nyqn} hmyjy`hln}+ Kín wik}io} xyi iy
|ikch ji lioshln hqqiah|hq wnq yj }nkcn dhk|è}|omn, hwikh} i}|ny mchjhkln*tn} h h|ikæín }naqi o}|n, whqh
tn}}n wqýwqon aikidêmon i aij*htik|yqhkæh+
Li}ien xyi mhlh yj li tý}, lohqohjik|i, lyqhk|i h`fyk} joky|n}, lofh ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! jho} ny jikn}
n }ifyok|i5 !Fqhkli i Jhfo}|qh` Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY, xyi IY ]NY( Iy \i hjn, iy \i hlnqn+ Iy \i lny li
tn`|h h W`iko|yli li |nln n Wnliq Mqohlnq, |nln Hjnq, \nlh ]hailnqoh, i h|qhtï} li}|h Dnqæh, xyi \y ï}, lny*
|i w`ikn wnliq whqh xyi dhæh} to}êti`, ij jokch} jín} i y}n, h qih`ouhæín li mhlh yj ln} jiy} li}ien}+
Kykmh jho} hdoqjhqio xyi wnliq h`fyj whq|i li joj, wnqxyi hfnqh \i wqnm`hjn h Õkomh \nlh*Mnkxyo}|hlnqh
Wqi}ikæh ij jiy `hq, jokch Tolh, jiy jykln i jokch iswiqoåkmoh+
Qimnkciæn \yh ]ywqijhmoh \n|h` i \iy Mnjhkln }naqi |nlh} h} mno}h}, i hn doshq h mnk}moåkmoh kyjh
h}woqhæín, \yh Oktikmêti` Wqi}ikæh*Ok|i`ofåkmoh h}}yji mnjhkln, |qhuikln h qih`ouhæín whqh jokch
iswiqoåkmoh mnj h ti`nmolhli ln wqýwqon wik}hjik|n+ ]io xyi fntiqkh} n |ijwn, n `yfhq i n i}whæn+ Wnq o}}n,
\y qixyiqi} ykomhjik|i n hfnqh whqh |qhuiqi} ç h|otolhli to}êti` |nlh h \yh Wiqdioæín+ Mnk}iqtn*ji
ha}n`y|hjik|i doqji kh w`ikh hmio|hæín li}|i whq|omy`hq, eè i }ijwqi, i kín wiqjo|oqio ç jokch jik|i thmo`hq,
wnqxyi, hdokh`, ]io xyi }njn} Yj!+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, wnlio} hmqi}mik|hq h o}|n xyh`xyiq ny|qh mno}h xyi li}iehqli}, li hmnqln mnj h tn}}h
kimi}}olhli, i iy tn} h}}ifyqn5 }i tn} ijwikchqli} ij totiq ki}}h mnkdnqjolhli, kn xyi |ik|hqio heylhq*tn},
iswiqojik|hqio} h haiq|yqh lh} mnjwnq|h} lh Hayklákmoh li Liy}+

4<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N xyi li jho} ojwnq|hk|i i li}ieèti` h`fyïj wnli dhuiq ï doshq }yh jik|i kh õkomh kimi}}olhli wiqjhkik|i,
o}|n ï5 wiq}itiqhq ki}|i wqnwý}o|n h|ï wiki|qhq |ín doqji i wqndyklhjik|i ki}}h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
xyi |nln Hjnq, @yu, Aij i Qoxyiuh} }i liqqhjij ij }yh Tolh i iswiqoåkmoh wnq yj wnliq wqnwy`}nq ok|iqkn
xyi khlh wnli ojwiloq+
I}}i n naei|otn ln tiqlhlioqn |qiokhjik|n+ I}}h h qhuín li }iqij n} lo}mêwy`n} mnklyuoln} hn} qi|oqn} `nfn
xyi ey`fhln} }ydomoik|ijik|i hlohk|hln}, wno}, mnjn eè lo}}i hk|iqonqjik|i, ï qi`h|othjik|i dèmo` qi}n`tiqli}
tn}}n} wqna`ijh} nkli xyiq xyi }i hwqi}ik|ij, wnqïj Iy tn} wiqfyk|n5 xyh` h thk|hfij li mnk|okyhq h
qi}n`tå*`n}> H kín }iq xyi |ikcho} h`fyjh mno}h, h`fyj `yfhq ij xyi wn}}ho} tn} hwnohq, h doj li xyi tn}
i`itio} hmojh lh ojwnq|ákmoh li xyh`xyiq wqna`ijh+
Ikmnk|qhq tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i k&I`h tn} hwnohqli} ï n õkomn h`tn xyi litio} li}iehq+ H|ï xyi
mcifyio} h hkmnqhq doqjijik|i ij tn}}h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, ï kh|yqh`jik|i kimi}}èqon xyi
qi}n`tho} tn}}n} wqna`ijh} ç jilolh xyi }yqehj2 wnqïj, ï jyo|n ji`cnq ik|qhq i `oaiqhq i}|h Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh, Ikiqfoh i Hæín, xyi eè qi}n`tiy n} wqna`ijh} hk|i} ji}jn li mcifhqij h tý}+ Kín ï o}}n jho}
hfqhlèti` ln xyi li}wiq|hq |nlh} h} jhkcí} i wiqmiaiq xyi i}}i} wqna`ijh} tåj }i hwqnsojhkln * ikmhqhkln*
tn} li dqik|i * mnjn }i dn}}ij h`fn qih`jik|i ojwnq|hk|i, xyhkln, hdokh`, kín n }ín> Mnk|yln, i}|ny miq|n li
xyi mnkmnqlhqio} mnjofn, h`fyk} li`i}, wi`n jikn} whqh tn}}n} }ik|oln} is|iqkn}, }ín li yjh ismi}}oth
ojwnq|ákmoh whqh tý}+
Wnq tn}}h f`nqon}h nailoåkmoh hn Wqokmêwon Lotokn ln} ]iqi} Mqohln}, wqn}}ifyoqio} hn `nkfn ln mhjokcn
qiti}|oln} mnj tn}}h Oktikmêti` Hqjhlyqh li Wqn|iæín, h|ï xyi h ok|ik}olhli lh wqýwqoh @yu h xyi mcifh}|i}
kín jho} qixyioqh h hqjhlyqh+
O}}n |yln kín th`i n i}dnqæn xyi }i hw`omh ij mnk}ifyo*`n, whqh xyi wn}}ho} jntiq*tn} }ijwqi ki}|h F`nqon}h
@oaiqlhli> Ik|ín, hn li}wiq|hqli} wi`h jhkcí, kín jho} ikmnk|qhqio} hxyi`i} to}o|hk|i}+
Ikxyhk|n wqndiqo i}}h} Wh`htqh}, jhk|oti mhlh yj li tý} kn dnmn li Jokch To}ín, ji}jn }ij tn}}h
wiqjo}}ín, li jnln xyi, hn nyto*`h}, }ik|oqio} h Miq|iuh Ok|iqkh li}}h} Wh`htqh} mnj yj wnliq xyi tn}
fqh|odomhqè+
Xyhkln wik}hjik|n} li}hfqhlètio} ny li mqê|omh wqnmyqij ok}okyhq*}i ij tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh, dimcho
qhwolhjik|i h wnq|h i nqlikho*`ci} xyi }i hdh}|ij whqh }ijwqi+ Kín `ci} lio} nwnq|ykolhli kij n} liosio}
fhkchq |ijwn whqh }i doqjhqij, mnk}iqthkln }ijwqi kh jijýqoh xyi wn}}yê} h dnqæh i n wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq lh
!Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! whqh dhuå*`n+ ]i |otiqli} lodomy`lhli ij jhk|iq h wnq|h dimchlh, mnktiq}ho mnj
h tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i louio5 !Kimi}}o|n li heylh( Dhui mnj xyi }i dimci h wnq|h h i}|i jh` i xyi i`h
}i mnk}iqti dimchlh whqh }ijwqi!(
Xyiqn xyi fqhtio} ij tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh xyi wnlio} mnktiq}hq mnj tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ln ji}jn
jnln xyi tn} loqofo} h Joj, hljo|okln xyi Iy dn}}i ln|hln li wnliq o`ojo|hln, wnqxyi, h}}ifyqn*tn}, kín }i
|qh|h li tín mnjik|èqon xyhkln lofn5 !Wnlio} louiq h i}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh xyi }i ikmhqqifyi li xyh`xyiq
}o|yhæín ij |nlh} h} tn}}h} iswiqoåkmoh}, i tn} i`iti ij loqiæín ç @oaiqlhli i Lnjêkon li |nlh} h} mno}h}!+
\ikln eè wiki|qhln, h`fyk} li tý}, kh h|otolhli lh ]ya}|ákmoh Ykotiq}h`, li}ien mchjhq h h|ikæín li |nln}
whqh n }ifyok|i5 h }ya}|ákmoh li tn}}n} mnqwn} #aij mnjn h xyi whqimi }iq okto}êti` ij |nqkn li tý}/ ï
is|qhnqlokhqohjik|i }ik}êti` hn tn}}n wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n mnk}moik|i}, h}}oj }ikln, wnlio} jn`lè*`h kh
dnqjh xyi h`jieho}+ H }ya}|ákmoh li tn}}n mnqwn, wi`n tn}}n wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n mnk}moik|i}, wnli }iq
jn`lhlh kh jho} wqojnqn}h ai`iuh li dnqjh * tn}}n} n`cn}, mhai`n}, lik|i} i wi`i wnlij isoaoq qhlohk|i
ai`iuh+
O}|n litiqoh }iq jyo|n hkojhlnq whqh h} lhjh} i i}|ny miq|n li xyi |hjaïj whqh n} mhth`cioqn}, mnkxyhk|n }i
qimy}ij h hljo|o*`n+
Hjhln} oqjín} i oqjí}, xyhkln tn} mnk|ijw`hqli} kn i}wi`cn, louio hn xyi h`o tili}5 !H|qhtï} lh Ai`iuh i
lh Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi IY ]NY, nqlikn*tn} h}}yjoq Wiqdio|h Ai`iuh li dnqjh ij mhlh mï`y`h li xyi }no}
mnjwn}|n2 nailimiqio} ç} jokch} nqlik} i |nqkhq*tn}* io} qhlon}hjik|i ai`n ij |nln} n} h}wim|n}5 ij
wik}hjik|n, wh`htqh, }ik|ojik|n i dnqjh+ IY ]NY n Dnfn i h Ai`iuh li tn}}n} n`cn}, wqnwhfhkln h Ikiqfoh
Qhlohk|i h |nln} n} xyi tn} do|hqij!+
Li}}h jhkioqh, wnlio} mnjwi`oq h jhkodi}|hq*}i h wiqdioæín, xyi tn} lhqè |nln n ikmnqhehjik|n li xyi
kimi}}o|ho} whqh }haiq xyi ! &IY ]NY& }ijwqi h Wqi}ikæh Fntiqkhk|i!+
Hn} xyi li}iehj xyi }yh} dnqjh} }i |nqkij jho} }ojï|qomh}5 `ithk|ho h} jín} ç h`|yqh ln} njaqn} i dhuio*h}
i}mnqqifhq }naqi n mnqwn, h|ï n} wï}, }ik|okln h wiqdioæín ny h }oji|qoh lh dnqjh xyi h`jieho}+ H|qhtï} li
tn}}h} jín} d`yoqè h ikiqfoh ny h xyh`olhli xyi li}ieho} jhkodi}|hq+ ]i wqh|omhqli} o}|n mnj w`ikh mnktomæín,
domhqio} }yqwqiikloln} lohk|i ln} qi}y`|hln}+ Ï i}|i n jhonq qily|nq xyi cè kn jykln+ O}}n, Iy tn} hdoqjn,
dhqè mnj xyi h wi`i, ç jilolh xyi hlxyoqoq jho} ai`h }oji|qoh i wiqdioæín, }i |nqki doqji i kín na}|hk|i
i`è}|omh ij |nln} n} }ik|oln}, wnqxyi i}|hqio} ijo|okln h ikiqfoh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! h|qhtï} li}}h}
mï`y`h}, naqofhkln*h} h nailimiq hn tn}}n mnjhkln+ O}|n wnli whqimiq qolêmy`n jh}, Iy tn} lofn, ï yj ln}

49
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
ji`cnqi}, jho} }ifyqn} i jho} wiqdio|n} jion} whqh }i mnk}ifyoq h wiqdioæín ln mnqwn+ Lim`hqn*tn} xyi |nln
hxyi`i xyi n wqh|omhq |qhqè n mnqwn h xyh`xyiq mnkloæín xyi li}iehq+
I}|ojn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} h`mhkmij h w`iko|yli li}|i mnkmio|n, li xyi }ín ]ikcnqi} li }yh} dnqjh}, li }yh}
jik|i} i li }iy} jykln}, mhwhui} li i}|hjwhq ij }o ji}jn} |yln n xyi xyo}iqij+ H Wyqh i Wiqdio|h Tolh li
Liy} d`yo h|qhtï} li tý} h |nln jnjik|n2 wnq xyi kín hwhfhq n} ti`cn} |qhæn} i hlxyoqoq dnqjh} knth}> Kín
tili} mnjn ï ojwnq|hk|i hwiqdioænhq n mnqwn> Xyi wnli dhuiq h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh mnj yj mnqwn xyi i}|è
}ijwqi ikdiqjn ny li}hqjükomn> Xyhkln o}|n }i lè, h h|ikæín }i dosh li |h` dnqjh hn mnqwn xyi h !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY! }njik|i na|ïj yj jêkojn li h|ikæín+ I |ín dèmo`( Kín my}|h iswiqojik|hq i}}i |qh|hjik|n i}|ï|omn
dio|n mnj h ikiqfoh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi qi}y`|hqè kyjh wi`i doqji i wiqdio|h+
H qhuín li iy dh`hq h i}}i qi}wio|n mnj yj }ik|ojik|n |ín wqndykln i ok|ik}n, ï wnqxyi tien kín }ý h
|qhk}dnqjhæín mnjn n wqnfqi}}n li xyh}i |nln}, i yjh h|ikæín i}wimoh` mnk}moik|ijik|i loqofolh h i}}i
wnk|n dhqè mnj xyi mhlh yj h|okeh jyo|n jho} qhwolhjik|i h wiqdioæín xyi li}ieh+
N oklotêlyn xyi wn}}yh yj tik|qi lo}dnqji * i |yln n xyi ismili ç dnqjh mnqqioh ï hknqjh` * liti iqfyiq h
jín i}xyiqlh mnj h wh`jh tn`|hlh whqh mojh, i jntiq h jín loqio|h kyj jntojik|n li qn|hæín }naqi n
halüjik, lh i}xyiqlh whqh h loqio|h+ Mhlh tiu xyi h jín wh}}hq }naqi i`i, wqnmyqi }ik|oq wqndyklhjik|i h
h|otolhli ha}nqtik|i+
H ok|ik}h mhqfh li ikiqfoh, li}wqiklikln*}i h|qhtï} lh jín, ik|qh kh} mï`y`h} mnk|qhokln*h} i qilyuokln*h} ç
mnkloæín knqjh`+ H}}ifyqn*tn} xyi i}|h ok}|qyæín kín ï yjh dhk|h}oh, jh} }oj li ojwnq|ákmoh is|qhnqlokèqoh
i qih`ouhqè }yh dokh`olhli, }ij lõtolh h`fyjh, }i y}hlh mnj wiq}o}|åkmoh+
Wnq mnk}ifyok|i, n qhmonmêkon liti }iq i}|i5 !h ikiqfoh, d`yokln h|qhtï} lh jín loqio|h, ï h \nlh*Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh Ha}nqtik|i xyi mnk}nji h} mï`y`h} li}kimi}}èqoh}, litn`tikln n mnqwn ç }yh mnkloæín knqjh` i
wiqdio|h!+
O}}n kín }njik|i hey}|hqè n |hjhkcn hknqjh` ln halüjik, mnjn |hjaïj wiki|qhqè h|qhtï} lh dnqjh,
mhqqifhkln h h|otolhli ok|i}|okh` mnj yj wqnmi}}n `ojwhlnq i wyqodomhlnq xyi |qhqè yj aikidêmon oki}|ojèti`+
Hxyi`i} xyi |otiqij mnk}|h|hln h h|otolhli wqifyoæn}h li}}i} Ýqfín}, wiqmiaiqín xyi wqnk|hjik|i tn`|hqhj
hn knqjh`+ Hdoqjn*tn} xyi h} }ikcnqh} kín jho} wqimo}hqín y}hq hwhqi`cn} whqh qilyuoq h} jilolh} ny qn`hq
kn h}}nh`cn whqh h ji}jh dokh`olhli2 h}}ifyqn*tn}, |hjaïj, xyi kín }ín i`h} h} õkomh} h y}hq i}}i} jï|nln}+
Ï yjh okdi`omolhli, xyh}i h|iqqhlnqh, xyi n} oklotêlyn}, |ikln lik|qn li }o i}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh li Liy},
låij |nln wnliq ojhfokèti` ç} mno}h} is|iqkh} whqh wqnlyuoq qi}y`|hln} ki`i} i }naqi i`i}+ Nqh, xyho}xyiq xyi
}iehj n} hfik|i} |iqhwåy|omn} xyi y}ij * |ho} mnjn isiqmêmon}, lqnfh} ny ny|qh mno}h * wnymn ny kikcyj
idio|n isiqmij, h kín }iq wi`h xyh`olhli i wnliq xyi mnk}moik|ijik|i |ikchj mnjykomhln h |ho} hfik|i}+ I}}i
|qh|hjik|n wi`h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! h|yh }naqi h} mï`y`h} nkli xyiq xyi i}|iehj, }iehj i`h} li n}}n ny li
mhqki+
Mnjn h jik|i is|iqkh ï wqnwik}h h lytolhq lh mhwhmolhli li}|i Iy Ok|iqkn ij isiqmiq okd`yåkmoh }naqi
xyh`xyiq whq|i ln mnqwn( ]i I`i ï mhwhu li jhkowy`hq yj |own li mï`y`h}, wnliqè jhkowy`hq |nlh}( Dhuio n
is|iqkn hmio|hq n Wnliq W`ikn lh Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq, i h}}oj liosho*h iswhkloq*}i kn y}n li |nlh} h} mno}h}+
H jik|i is|iqkh, h|qhtï} li `nkfn |ijwn, liy iknqji wnliq ç} lqnfh} i hn} hfik|i} jilomokho} li |nlh
i}wïmoi2 jh} kín tili} xyi h õkomh mno}h xyi hfi ï n wnliq, h hy|nqolhli xyi `ci} mnjykomho} whqh
wqnlyuoqij idio|n }naqi tn}}n mnqwn> Kín xyiqn louiq, wnq yj jnjik|n }ixyiq, xyi h} wi}}nh} xyi kín
|ikchj mnkcimojik|n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! lithj }y}wikliq |nln} n} qijïlon} jh}, }i ojwqojoqij kh
jik|i, mnj doqjiuh, xyi !kikcyjh mno}h is|iqkh |ij wnliq h`fyj }naqi }yh} iswiqoåkmoh} h kín }iq n wnliq
xyi `ci lín!, mnjiæhqín h }hoq lh} `ojo|hæùi} ij xyi i`h} ji}jh} }i mn`nmhqhj+ Litn louiq xyi xyh}i |nln n
wnliq lhln ç} mno}h} is|iqkh} ï lhln okmnk}moik|ijik|i, i ji}jn h jhonqoh ln} lo}mêwy`n} kín wiqmiai o}}n+
Tn`|ho*tn} whqh i}|h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh li Liy} lik|qn li tý} i lho*`ci |nln n wnliq li dhuiq h} mno}h} xyi
kimi}}o|ho} i li}ieho} qih`ouhq, o}|n }iqè }ydomoik|i whqh xyi i`h} }i jhkodi}|ij mnj yjh qhwoliu i }ifyqhkæh
jyo|n jhonqi} ln xyi xyh`xyiq hfik|i jilomokh` is|iqkn wnliqoh idi|yhq+ H`fyk} wnliqín wüq ij wqè|omh i}}h
olïoh mnj yjh |ikhmolhli is|qhnqlokèqoh, ikxyhk|n ny|qn} kimi}}o|hqín li jhonq i}dnqæn, jh} miq|hjik|i th`i
h wikh dhuå*`n+
@ijaqho*tn} li xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnkcimi |yln wnq |nlh h i|iqkolhli, ij |nln} n} wiqmyq}n}
wh}}hln}, wqi}ik|i} i dy|yqn}, }ij `ojo|i+ ]i n lo}mêwy`n wik}hq ki}}h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh, mnk|ijw`è*`h i
mnjwqiikliq xyi I`h ï |nlh Hjnq, ]hailnqoh i Wnliq, hn doshq h h|ikæín ij h`fn xyi lith }iq qih`ouhln,
}haiqè xyi i}}h Wqi}ikæh ï h wnq|h haiq|h, xyi ï h qih`ouhæín \nlh*Wnliqn}h, i xyi kín wnli dh`chq+
Oktnmho h @io ln Wiqlín i wilo h ikiqfoh ln Ji}|qi Ok|iqonq whqh mnqqofoq i qi|odomhq n iqqn mnji|oln, h}}oj tn}
`oaiq|hqio} li }yh qihæín+
Tili xyhk|n wnliq li}kimi}}èqon ï lhln ç h|otolhli is|iqkh i xyhk|h ojwnq|ákmoh h mno}h} wi`h} xyho} h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ha}n`y|hjik|i kín }i ok|iqi}}h(
I`h ehjho} }i wqinmywh mnj n} iqqn} ln iy is|iqkn, i }i n oklotêlyn mnjwqiikli}}i hn jikn} xyi `ci ï
wn}}êti` li}tohq*}i li |nlh} i}}h} h|otolhli} lo}mnqlhk|i}, i lhq ç !Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh IY ]NY! kn }iy ok|iqonq

44
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
|nlh hy|nqolhli i wnliq whqh lo}}n`tiq i mnk}yjoq |ho} mnkloæùi}, kín wnliqoh kykmh, li dnqjh h`fyjh, }ik|oq
h} qihæùi} qi}y`|hk|i} li }yh} jè} hæùi}+
Xyhkln n oklotêlyn mnk|okyh h mqo|omhq, mnklikhq ny ey`fhq yj }iy }iji`chk|i, kín }ý i}|è wqieylomhkln i}}h
wi}}nh, mnjn |hjaïj, okmnk}moik|ijik|i, hljo|okln kh }yh wqýwqoh iswiqoåkmoh n ji}jn i`ijik|n xyi i`i
mnk}oliqh iqqhln kh ny|qh wi}}nh+ H ish|h mnjwqiik}ín lo}}n |nqkhqè dèmo` hn} oklotêlyn} mi}}hq whqh }ijwqi
mnj i}}h h|otolhli okli}ieèti`, }haikln xyi n dhuij whqh }yh wqýwqoh wqn|iæín+
Thjn} iswnq n h}}yk|n }na ny|qh dnqjh+ Xyhkln h h|ikæín mnk}moik|i }i dosh kyjh xyh`olhli, ojwi`i h
ji}jh h ik|qhq kh iswiqoåkmoh ln oklotêlyn+ \yln hxyo`n xyi yj oklotêlyn, }ik|okln wqndyklhjik|i, tå ij
ny|qn, dnqæh h okfqi}}hq ij }yh wqýwqoh iswiqoåkmoh+ I}|h ï h wqnth oklo}my|êti` li xyi n õkomn }ik|ojik|n
lofkn li yjh wi}}nh my`|othq ï n li}ien lh Wqi}ikæh ln Hjnq Lotokn, i mnj o}}n xyiqn louiq Hjnq wyqn i
li}ok|iqi}}hln+
N} lo}mêwy`n} }i hljoqhj, jyo|h} tiui}, li |iqij li h|ikliq h |hk|h} mnkloæùi} ij }yh} iswiqoåkmoh}, ç
jilolh xyi }i |nqkhj jho} }ik}êtio}+ Ï wnqxyi ikmnk|qhj yjh hwhqåkmoh xyi `ci} dno ik}okhlh kín }iq qih` i,
hn wiqjo|oqij xyi }yh h|ikæín ki`h }i dosi, kín }ý h h|qhij, mnjn |hjaïj h dnqæhj h ik|qhq ij }iy} wqýwqon}
jykln}, i liwno} |åj li `y|hq whqh `otqhqij*}i li`h+ O}}n wnli }iq ito|hln qi|oqhkln ojiloh|hjik|i h h|ikæín
lh hwhqåkmoh, moik|i li xyi5 !IY ]NY, IY ]NY, iy }io xyi IY ]NY `otqi li}|h mno}h whqh }ijwqi!, }ieh n
xyi dnq+
M`hqn xyi |yln o}}n wqntïj li yjh dh`|h li hy|nmnk|qn`i ln oklotêlyn ny li yjh qi`y|ákmoh ij y}hq n
hy|nmnk|qn`i whqh fntiqkhq n is|iqkn+ Jhkodi}|hj*}i lyh} mnkloæùi} lo}|ok|h} kn} lo}mêwy`n}5 yk} i}|ín
ah}|hk|i wqnwik}n} h dhuiq n i}dnqæn jh}, okmnk}moik|ijik|i, wiqjo|ij xyi }yh h|ikæín }i dosi kh} mno}h}
okli}ieètio}2 ny|qn}, wnq yjh i}wïmoi li |iojn}oh, ok}o}|ij ij kín dhuiq n i}dnqæn kimi}}èqon whqh mnkxyo}|è*
`n+
Kikcyj ok}|qy|nq litiqè ehjho} jhk|iq yj wik}hjik|n li mqo|omh mnj qi`hæín h xyh`xyiq lo}mêwy`n, wnqxyi
}i n douiq, h|qhoqè h ji}jh mqo|omh }naqi }o ji}jn+ ]i n} i}|ylhk|i} mhw|hqij h olïoh ish|h li}}h xyi}|ín,
lioshqín li wqnmiliq h}}oj whqh }yh wqýwqoh wqn|iæín+
H mqê|omh }o`ikmon}h, hn tiqodomhq lo}mqiwákmoh} ij yj ny|qn, ï wonq ln xyi }i n doui}}i wnq jion lh wh`htqh
dh`hlh, wnqxyi n }o`åkmon wiqjo|i xyi h dnqæh }i hmyjy`i+ Xyhkln xyh`xyiq lo}mqiwákmoh h|qhoq tn}}h h|ikæín,
louio }ojw`i}jik|i ç tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!5 !H Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY i}|è lik|qn lhxyi`h wi}}nh, i n xyi ï
cyjhkn kín ji mnkmiqki!+ Kín ojwnq|h xyi }ieh yjh wi}}nh ny yj naei|n okhkojhln, wnqxyi li}li xyi
tiqodoxyio} yjh ojwiqdioæín, i}|hqio} ok|qnlyuokln i}}h jè xyh`olhli ij tn}}h wqýwqoh iswiqoåkmoh+ O}}n ï |ín
ojwnq|hk|i xyi kín wnli }iq }ydomoik|ijik|i ikdh|ouhln+
Tn}}h wqojioqh h|ikæín litiqoh }iq }ijwqi loqofolh hn tn}}n wqýwqon Iy Lotokn, hlnqè*`n }ijwqi2 o}}n tn} lè
h nwnq|ykolhli i h dnqæh whqh tn} i`ithqli} ç h`|yqh ij xyi wnlio} heylhq h jo`chqi}, hn wh}}n xyi hfnqh }ý n
wnlio} dhuiq h yk} wnymn}+
Kikcyj }iqtoæn wnli qiwqi}ik|hq aikidêmon wiqjhkik|i, h jikn} xyi n oklotêlyn wqojioqn hmio|i i hlnqi n
}iy wqýwqon Iy Lotokn, h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ N} xyi li}iehj }iqtoq h @yu i qih`jik|i wqh|omhq n
aij, litij mnjwqiikliq o}}n m`hqhjik|i+
Xyhkln n} lo}mêwy`n} louij5 !]i iy |oti}}i lokcioqn, xyhk|n aij wnliqoh dhuiq!( * Litiqohj hfoq ish|hjik|i
li jnln oktiq}n+ ]i h`fyïj ik|qhq kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, |iqè |nln n lokcioqn li xyi kimi}}o|h i xyi kín
`ci wnli }iq kifhln+
H}}yjo yjh wn}oæín lidokolh whqh mnj |nln}5 !Cè }njik|i h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY h|yhkln ki}}h wi}}nh!+
\nlh iswiqoåkmoh is|iqkh ï hwikh} yjh lo}mow`okh+ Whqh hxyi`i} xyi i}|ín ik|qhkln ki}|i |qhah`cn, n wqi}ik|i
|qiokhjik|n ï, kh qih`olhli, yjh i}mn`h li hwiqdioænhjik|n, io} wnq xyi h`fyk} n hmchj yj |hk|n qofnqn}n+
\nlh h Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh }ik|i, mnj fqhkli h`ifqoh, n Hjnq i h fqh|olín xyi @ci }ín |qhk}jo|oln} i }ij
lõtolh mnqqi}wnkli o`ojo|hlhjik|i+
!IY ]NY! ï |yln n xyi iso}|i, wqi}ik|i ij |nlh whq|i, to}êti` i okto}êti`+
H mnjwqiik}ín kimi}}èqoh h mhlh wi}}nh toqè li |ijwn} ij |ijwn}, ç jilolh xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} wqn}}ofhj
isiqmo|hkln h iswhk}ín li mnk}moåkmoh+ Kín tn} dh|ofyio} h|qè} li mno}h}+ Hln|ho h h|o|yli }iqikh, doqji, lh
H}mik}ín+ Mh`jh i hjnqn}hjik|i hmio|ho*h i }njik|i }ili #o}}n ito|h h |ik}ín/+ Khlh ï jho} wnliqn}n+

46
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Kín Mnaqhq wnq Ik}okhq
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 * Nc, Wqi}ikæh Okdoko|h, xyi iswqoji} \yh Wiqdioæín ij |nlh whki( Ký} }hylhjn} i `nythjn}
\yh Jhkodi}|hæín Wiqdio|h ij kn}}h} tolh}, kn}}n} `hqi} i kn}}n} jykln}, hdoj li xyi h \yh @yu Qhlohk|i
wn}}h whqh }ijwqi mnk}yjoq |yln n xyi kín ï ofyh` h I`h, xyi \yh ]hailnqoh wn}}h loqofoq }ijwqi, \iy Hjnq
iktn`tiq }ijwqi, \yh @yu o`yjokhq }ijwqi \iy Mhjokcn Wiqdio|n, i whqh xyi kn} mnk}iqti} doqjijik|i kh
\yh Qhlohæín F`nqon}h, hfnqh i wnq |nlh h i|iqkolhli+
\qhfn*tn} ]hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i, ]yh H`ifqoh i Hjnq whqh i}|h mnnwiqhæín i whqh hxyo`n xyi }ý wnli
haikænhq, o`yjokhq i li}wiq|hq+
LO]MYQ]N
Nc( ]i |nln} n} lo}mêwy`n} wyli}}ij hn jikn} mnjwqiikliq xyi kín cè jhonq mnk}moåkmoh kij jhonq
h|otolhli xyi h tnk|hli mnk}moik|i wn}}h wüq ij hæín, ln xyi n qimnkcimojik|n i h hmio|hæín lh !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!(
Kín ojwnq|h xyho} }iehj n} ákfy`n} lh Tiqlhli, iso}|ik|i} kn} jõ`|ow`n} mhkho} wnq nkli h cyjhkolhli }i
`hkæh, ij ay}mh li yjh mnjwqiik}ín jhonq i jho} hjw`h5 |nln} i`i} mnklyuij h I}|i xyi tý} |ikli} hfnqh n
wqoto`ïfon li mnkcimiq i y}hq+
Eè }haio} xyi xyh`xyiq dnqjh li mnkcimojik|n ny wnliq ï ha}n`y|hjik|i okõ|o` mh}n kín }ieh y}hln+ Hxyi`i}
xyi wy}iqij ij wqè|omh i hln|hqij n y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnj wqndykln }ik|ojik|n, tiqín i }ik|oqín
h fqhkli lodiqikæh kn êk|ojn ln} }iy} wqýwqon} }iqi}, xyhkln tn`|hqij h ik|qhq ij mnk|h|n mnj ny|qn} mhkho}
li mnkcimojik|n iso}|ik|i} kn w`hki|h+
Xyhkln n lo}mêwy`n wqnkykmoh !IY ]NY! mnj }ik|ojik|n i mnkcimojik|n lh Tiqlhli, i}|è qih`jik|i wnkln
ij h|otolhli dê}omh i to}êti` h Wqi}ikæh i n Wnliq li Liy}, xyi ï !IY ]NY!+ O}}n lodiqi li xyh`xyiq ny|qn
mn}|yji i wqè|omh i li ny|qh hdoqjhæín ehjho} dnqjy`hlh kyj fqywn li wh`htqh}+
Kín cè ny|qh iswqi}}ín xyi wnkch tiqlhlioqhjik|i |ín fqhkli wnliq ij jntojik|n, h doj li qih`ouhq
xyh`xyiq naei|otn, whqh n xyh` }i loqofi h h|ikæín mnk}moik|i, xyhk|n n dhu i}}h wnliqn}h hdoqjhæín+ Wnq o}|n n
Ji}|qi Ei}y} `ofny*h ç} jho} ojwnq|hk|i} lim`hqhæùi} xyi ikykmony+ ]i n} lo}mêwy`n} mnjwhqhqij i
jilo|hqij kh} hdoqjhæùi} xyi Ei}y} diu, |nqkhq*}i*ín hw|n} h mnjwqiikliq h is|qhnqlokèqoh w`iko|yli ln xyi
hmhan li louiq+
\ikcn xyi hltiq|o*`n} xyi ij |ijwn h`fyj wnliqè }iq isofolh xyh`xyiq xyhk|oh wnq I}|i} Ik}okhjik|n}+ N}
lo}mêwy`n} wnlij lnhq h} ndiqiklh} hjnqn}h} xyi li}iehqij, jh} i}|hai`imiq n whfhjik|n mnjn naqofhæín
dimchqoh ojiloh|hjik|i h wnq|h, eè xyi h h|otolhli !IY ]NY! ï qifolh wnq yjh dhmi|h lh @io Lotokh, myen
jn|otn ish|n |iqio li isw`omhq*tn} h`fyj loh+
Mnjn }ok|n, n hk}ion xyi |åj h`fyk} lo}mêwy`n} li wiki|qhq kh qhlohæín li}|i Mêqmy`n Ok|iqkn, |ik|hqio
isw`omhq mnjn kín ï wn}}êti` }h|o}dhuå*`n} wnq jho} ai`n} i hdi|yn}n} xyi }iehj }iy} li}ien}+ N} oqjín} xyi
i}|ín qimiaikln i}|i ik}okhjik|n lyqhk|i |qok|h hkn} wh}}hqhj wnq yj |qhah`cn li wqiwhqhæín lodêmo` i
ok|ik}n+ N Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn, ij myen ok|iqonq h|yh i}|h qhlohæín, |iqoh xyi }iq ok|ioqhjik|i qidnqjhln i
qihey}|hln+ ]iqohj kimi}}èqon} h`fyk} hkn} whqh |qhuå*`n knthjik|i hn wnk|n ij xyi }i hmch, wnq jho} ai`h i
hjnqn}h xyi }ieh h oqqhlohæín ln} ny|qn}+ Mhlh oklotêlyn |ij }yh wqýwqoh qhlohæín lodiqik|i i }yh wqýwqoh
hæín toaqh|ýqoh+ ]i, wnq yj `hln, n jimhko}jn okto}êti` * }i h}}oj n wn}}n liknjokhq * ï whqh i}|h naqh, li
miq|h dnqjh, jyo|n wnliqn}n, wnq ny|qn `hln i`i ï |ín li`omhln mnjn n jho} |åkyi tïy+
Ny|qh hltiq|åkmoh xyi li}ien dhuiq ï xyi ehjho} yj lo}mêwy`n }na i}|h qhlohæín liti |qhk}jo|oq i}|i
Ik}okhjik|n h xyij kín i}|ieh hoklh }na h qhlohæín lh h|otolhli !IY ]NY!+ Ký} kín li}iehjn} xyi |ikch
h`fyïj h li}tik|yqh li louiq xyi i}|è hy|nqouhln h loty`fhq o}|n, xyhkln kín `ci dno lhlh hy|nqouhæín whqh
hfoq li |h` jnln+
N ok}|qy|nq ny lo}mêwy`n xyi wqh|oxyi h h|otolhli !IY ]NY! mnj }ik|ojik|n wqndykln i }okmiqolhli, kín |iqè
 ehjho} xyi mnjiqmoh`ouhq i}|h} Ok}|qyæùi}+ Eè xyi !IY ]NY! mnktiq|iqè n wqh|omhk|i ij yj ojí oktikmêti` lh
Nwy`åkmoh Lotokh+
\nln oklotêlyn * xyiq |ikch ny kín, h wqokmêwon, h w`ikh mnjwqiik}ín ln }ofkodomhln lo}}n * }i dnq mnk}moik|i
li xyi5 !IY ]NY! h nkowqi}ik|i i o`ojo|hlh Nwy`åkmoh ln Who whqh jiy y}n!, jho} miln ny jho} |hqli
h|okfoqè h mnktomæín |n|h` li}|h Wnliqn}h Tiqlhli+ Iy }io, wiqdio|hjik|i, mnjn h jhky|ikæín ln oklotêlyn
wnli `ci whqimiq dyklhjik|h`, jh} Iy tn} lofn, n hqqojn dokhkmioqn ï dyfhu mnjn h} hqioh} jntiloæh}, h|ï
xyi mnjimio} h hw`omhq mnk}moik|ijik|i n y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnjn tn}}n ]ywqojik|n Nkowqi}ik|i,
O`ojo|hln, }ieh li lokcioqn, Hjnq, Mnjwqiik}ín, @yu ny O`yjokhæín+ Hmio|ho, wno}, h mnktomæín xyi tn}
oqqhlon, whqh xyi wn}}ho} ijwqifè*`h ij }í mnk}moåkmoh, ha}n`y|h i okhah`èti`, `oaiq|hkln*tn} whqh }ijwqi li
|nlh `ojo|hæín dokhkmioqh+
H|ï hxyo ci}o|io ij lhq*tn} i}|i i}m`hqimojik|n, jh} h }okmiqolhli ln tn}}n wiloln mnjwi`oy*ji h dhuå*`n+
]haikln xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! * xyi h|yh`jik|i i}|ho} wnkln ij jntojik|n * ï h ji}jh ij |nln

43
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
oklotêlyn }naqi h \iqqh, ij tý} mnjn kn Ykotiq}n, okm`y}oti dhmy`|hkln*tn} wnliq i ok|i`ofåkmoh whqh
dnqjy`hq tn}}n} limqi|n}, ik|ín }haio} xyi, ij |yln hxyo`n xyi iktn`ti tn}}h h|ikæín mnk}moik|i, I`h hfi,
ish|hjik|i mnjn i}|è hmnk|imikln hfnqh, ki}|h hw`omhæín xyi dhuio} i kín }njik|i ij li|iqjokhlh}
moqmyk}|ákmoh} xyi tn} hd`ofij+ Mnj o}|n, Iy tn} ikton yjh miq|h qhlohæín i}wimêdomh xyi tn} wiqjo|oqè y}è*`h
mnj ha}n`y|h mnkdohkæh+
N lo}mêwy`n litiqoh |iq }ijwqi wqi}ik|i xyi ï |ín*}njik|i wi`n i}dnqæn li`oaiqhln xyi wnli jhk|iq }yh
jik|i ij whu, hdoj li xyi i}|i Wnliq Ok|iqkn wn}}h d`yoq }ij ok|iqqywæín i qih`ouhq }iy li}ien+ Xyhkln kh
i}mn`h, dnqhj*tn} lhln} miq|n} wqna`ijh} whqh qi}n`tiq, li jh|ijè|omh, wnq isijw`n, liqhj*tn}, hn ji}jn
|ijwn, n} jion} whqh }n`ymonkè*`n}+ ]i kín hw`omh}|i} n qhmonmêkon hlixyhln, kh|yqh`jik|i kín na|oti}|i} h
qi}wn}|h miq|h+ Ij mnk}ixðåkmoh, domh}|i} li|oln ko}}n * mnk|okyh}|i} ij tn}}h} |ik|h|oth} okok|iqqyw|hjik|i,
h|ï xyi hmch}|i} h }n`yæín ish|h+ ]i kín mnjwqiikli}|i} mnjn qi}n`tå*`n, qi|njh}|i} ç tn}}h ji}|qh wilokln
isw`omhæín i ikmnk|qh}|i} n xyi iqh isofoln+ N ji}jn }i wh}}h mnj n Ik}okhjik|n xyi hfnqh tn} lny+ I}}h
qifqh kykmh dh`cny kij wnli dh`chq kh qih`ouhæín li |yln hxyo`n }naqi xyi }i loqoeh tn}}h h|ikæín, ah}|hkln
xyi mnk|okyio} }ij thmo`hq, h hw`omè*`h mnj li|iqjokhæín i ki`h tn} doqjio} h|ï xyi }iehj qih`ouhln} tn}}n}
li}ien} ny }h|o}dio|h} tn}}h} kimi}}olhli}+
]ieh xyh` dnq n wiloln xyi douiqli} ç Wqi}ikæh Nko}moik|i Ykotiq}h`, ij xyi y}io} h} Wh`htqh} !IY ]NY!,
na|iqio} n} ji}jn} qi}y`|hln} lidokoln} i miq|n} xyi h} hdoqjhæùi} li Ei}y} @ci |qnysiqhj xyhkln lim`hqny5
!IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!+ Wqnmyqho }ik|oq }iqohjik|i h is|qhnqlokèqoh ojwnq|ákmoh lo}|n+
Hfnqh, xyiqn mchjhq tn}}h h|ikæín whqh h jho} wnliqn}h isw`omhæín xyi Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n, tn} liy mnj ]yh}
wqýwqoh} wh`htqh}5 xyi li |nlh h ok}|qyæín wnq I`i qimiaolh h|qhtï} li tèqon} mhkho}, i h}}ifyqn*tn} xyi
jyo|n} li`i} iqhj fqhklon}n}, dno ykomhjik|i ]yh ok}|qyæín, mnk}moik|ijik|i hw`omhlh, xyi wnq doj @ci
|qnysi ny @ci qiti`ny, ln ]iy Ok|iqonq, h} jyo|h}, hljoqètio} i jèfomh} hdoqjhæùi}, yjh lh} xyho} dno5 !IY
]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh!+ Dno i}|h hdoqjhæín xyi I`i y}ny, xyi @ci wiqjo|oy lhq n isijw`n ç
cyjhkolhli i xyi wiqlyqhqè h|qhtï} ln} }ïmy`n}+
H |ê|y`n li mnk}n`n i h`êton lofn*tn} n }ifyok|i5 xyhkln }i wili ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! @yu, Hjnq, ]hailnqoh,
Wnliq ny O`yjokhæín, ï ojwn}}êti` haqofhq yj li}ien ny ok|ik|n ifnê}|h+ Yjh mno}h kín mnjaokh mnj h ny|qh,
i !IY ]NY! i`ojokh h dnqjh kifh|oth+ N jho} ojwnq|hk|i whqh |nln n oklotêlyn ï hkmnqhq*}i kh Lotokh
Wqi}ikæh i }iq h}}oj }ijwqi dnq|h`imoln2 eè xyi I`h wnkln ij hæín ]yh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, Hjnq i Wnliq |ín
fqhklon}n, dhu mnj xyi i}|i} h|yij wqojioqhjik|i kn wqýwqon oklotêlyn+ Xyhkln hw`omho} h} Wh`htqh} !IY
]NY!, wn}o|othjik|i kín wnlio} lioshq li qih`ouhq hxyo`n ij xyi H} hw`omh}|i}, li}li xyi tn} doqjio} ij
tn}}n ok|ik|n mnj li|iqjokhæín okd`isêti`, kín tn} lioshkln lo}}yhloq+ Xyi n i}|ylhk|i |ikch }ijwqi ij
jik|i }iq ojwn}}êti` jhk|iq li}ien} ny ok|ikæùi} ifnê}|h}, xyhkln wqnmyqh h !Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh IY ]NY!
whqh h`mhkæhq Hjnq, ]hailnqoh, Wnliq i O`yjokhæín+
Xyh}i |nln} n} lo}mêwy`n} }ik|ij yj ojwy`}n li ik}okhq i i}}h |iklåkmoh }ijwqi }i jhkodi}|h hn `nkfn ln
wiqênln li hwqiklouhln+
Kín xyi i}|i }ieh yj li}ien qiwqntèti`, jh} ij jyo|ê}}ojn} mh}n}, |ik|hkln n} lo}mêwy`n} ijwqiiklå*`n miln
lijho}, hk|i} xyi i}|iehj ah}|hk|i dnq|h`imoln} jik|h`jik|i, ikmnk|qhj na}|èmy`n} h xyi kín wnlij nwnq
qi}o}|åkmoh i domhj wiqjhkik|ijik|i li}ikmnqhehln} whqh xyh`xyiq i}dnqæn wn}|iqonq, dqy}|qhkln h naqh
jhfkêdomh xyi wnliqohj \iq qih`ouhln jho} |hqli+
Ij wqojioqn `yfhq, lilomho }ijwqi tn}}n Fqhkli Hjnq i Hlnqhæín ç tn}}h wqýwqoh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, n Iy
Wqýwqon, i liwno} hn} ]iqi} li @yu xyi tn} wnlij heylhq+
Wqn}}ifyo mnj doqjiuh ij tn}}n !IY ]NY! i }ijwqi mnj h mnk}moåkmoh li xyi5 !IY ]NY h To|nqon}h
Wqi}ikæh Mnkxyo}|hlnqh, ij xyh`xyiq ijwqiiklojik|n xyi li}iei, wnqxyi &IY ]NY& hfnqh n Lnjêkon W`ikn
li |nlh hw`omhæín xyi Iy dhæh2 IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh ij |nlh nqlij xyi lny, myjwqokln*h, wqiikmcikln*h!,
i|m+
H ojwhmoåkmoh, h wiq|yqahæín, n li}ákojn i h wqi}}h }ín i}|hln} jik|ho} xyi ojwilij h na|ikæín lhxyo`n
xyi xyiqijn}+ Wnq ny|qn `hln, h h|o|yli hlixyhlh mnk}o}|i ij h}}yjoq h`ifqijik|i h wn}oæín5 !IY ]NY h
Wqi}ikæh xyi ji wiqjo|i tiq ny nytoq mnj h To}ín i h Hyloæín Ok|iqkh}!+ Ij |ijwn h`fyj liti n lo}mêwy`n
}i lioshq wiq|yqahq wi`h} mqohæùi} cyjhkh} li ny|qh} jik|i}+ Loqofo*tn} ç tn}}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! i wilo
lo}miqkojik|n xyhk|n hn w`hkn h }ifyoq aij mnjn h jhkioqh li xyh`odomhq h moqmyk}|ákmoh+
Xyiq }ieh n ok}|qy|nq ny n lo}mêwy`n litiqoh mnjwqiikliq ojiloh|hjik|i xyi kikcyjh ofknqákmoh lh h|otolhli
is|iqkh lh jik|i |ij wnliq whqh wiq|yqaè*`n, ij |ijwn h`fyj, hoklh xyi loqofolh h i`i wqýwqon+
H} ojhfik} ln} Ji}|qi} litiqohj }iq mnk}oliqhlh} }hfqhlh} wå`n} lo}mêwy`n}+ Qimnqlho h hk|ofh jèsojh%5
!]haiq, ny}hq, dhuiq i mh`hq!, wnqxyi xyhkln n} lo}mêwy`n} mnjiæhj h lo}my|oq i}|h} mno}h} mnj oklotêlyn}
okmqïly`n}, lo}wiq}hj h dnqæh ij tiu li mnk}iqtè*`h lik|qn li }o whqh }yh wqýwqoh o`yjokhæín+
N ijwqifn ln !IY ]NY! ojwili n li}iktn`tojik|n li xyh`xyiq li}ixyo`êaqon, !IY ]NY! ï n Wiqdio|n
Ixyo`êaqon, ï n Wnliq, ï h Ok|i`ofåkmoh, ï n Hjnq xyi fntiqkh |nlh Wiqdioæín+ ]yh wqýwqoh h|otolhli naqofh hn
ixyo`êaqon+

4?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H hdoqjhæín !IY ]NY! ï h h|otolhli lhxyo`n xyi qih`jik|i eè iso}|i, ojwi`okln*h ç h|otolhli is|iqkh+
Iso}|ij tèqoh} wi}}nh} xyi, }i hln|h}}ij h lim`hqhæín li Ei}y}5 !IY ]NY h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh! i h
toti}}ij loh hwý} loh, h}mikliqohj }iy} mnqwn} dê}omn} mnj |nlh miq|iuh+ Kín wnlio} y}hq h} wh`htqh} !IY
]NY! }ifyolh} li xyh`xyiq mnjw`ijik|n, }ij mnjykomhq*`ci} n wnliq li }i jhkodi}|hq+ Ei}y} tion wnq }yh
i}wnk|ákih Tnk|hli i jn}|qny hn} lo}mêwy`n} h dnqjh mnjn I`i lnjokny n õ`|ojn okojofn+
Ï kimi}}èqon yj i}dnqæn iknqji whqh mnk}iqthq n |iqqikn mnkxyo}|hln+ Khlh iso}|i xyi tn} wn}}h
wqnwnqmonkhq }ymi}}n wiqjhkik|i kh h|otolhli is|iqkh, h kín }iq n y}n mnk}moik|i lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
Wiqjhkimio doqji} lohk|i li |yln xyi tn} wn}}h li}ikmhjokchq+ Mnj dqixðåkmoh, h}}yjo h h|o|yli5 !Iy }io n
xyi i}|ny dhuikln i dhæn*n!+ \iqio} xyi louiq h`fyjh} tiui} wh`htqh} jyo|n ikïqfomh} whqh mnq|hq
ok|iqdiqåkmoh}, jh} kín tn} liosio} }ik}oao`ouhq wnq o}}n+
Cè lno} dh|nqi} xyi qi|hqlhj n mqi}mojik|n i}woqo|yh` ln lo}mêwy`n5 yj, ï xyhkln jhqoln ny jy`ciq kín
mnkmnqlh mnj n} i}dnqæn} ln ny|qn2 n }ifykln, ï h }yfi}|ín xyi wqntïj ln is|iqonq+ \ikli} tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!, xyi ï NKO*Ok|i`ofik|i, wnq|hk|n, |nqkho*tn} ojwiqjiètio} h }yfi}|ùi} li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi * anh ny
jè+
H`fyj loh, lilomhqijn} |nln yj lo}myq}n hn jnln }èaon li `olhq mnj n} h}}yk|n} w}êxyomn} #h}|qho}, `ykhqi},
w}oxyo}jn, i|m+/+ Kín cè yjh wi}}nh, ij liu jo`, xyi mnjwqiiklh xyi n li}wiq|hq lh m`hqotolåkmoh kín ï yj
dh|n i}woqo|yh`+ Xyhkln h} wi}}nh} mnjiæhj h tiq kn w`hkn w}êxyomn, i}|ín hwikh} y}hkln h to}ín dê}omh yj
wnymn iswhklolh, }ij xyi n }hoahj+ O}|n ï |yln+
Kn w`hkn w}êxyomn, h} }yfi}|ùi} qimiaolh} ndiqimij yj jêkojn li tiqlhli, n }ydomoik|i whqh li}wiq|hq n
ok|iqi}}i i wqikliq h h|ikæín, h|ï xyi h} dnqæh} w}êxyomh} #jh`ofkh}/ }i hwnliqij lh wi}}nh }yfi}|onkhlh+ O}|n
}ijwqi hmnk|imi wnq jion lh dh}mokhæín xyi n} diküjikn} isiqmij+ Xyhkln n lo}mêwy`n ikdnmhq h h|ikæín
}naqi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, }iqè qi|oqhln lh`o i `ithln ç w`iko|yli ln W`hkn I}woqo|yh` i kh Wqi}ikæh !IY
]NY!+
Xyhkln h} wi}}nh} ik|qhj kn w`hkn w}êxyomn, |yln }i hwqi}ik|h lidnqjhln i i`h} kín |åj yjh wqnth
lidoko|oth lh Tiqlhli+ N} }iqi} ln w`hkn w}êxyomn, xyi wqnmyqhj }yeio|hq ny|qij hn }iy mnk|qn`i, mnjiæhj h
wqndi|ouhq, i ç} tiui} h i`nfohq, }ikln i}|h} h`fyjh} li }yh} wqojioqh} h|o|yli}+ H }h`thæín i}|è xyi kokfyïj
wnli }i mn`nmhq mnk|qh yj Jik}hfioqn lh @yu xyi kín qimiah h qihæín lik|qn li }o wqýwqon, eè xyi h @yu
qiwi`i |yln n xyi kín @ci ï }iji`chk|i2 i |nln hxyi`i xyi |qhah`ch kh Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï yj Jik}hfioqn
lh @yu2 ï Qhlohæín+

% K+\+5 ]haiq ï mnkcimiq h Tiqlhli+ Ny}hq ï ijwqifhq h dï+ Dhuiq ï wqnmiliq lh ji`cnq dnqjh xyi }haio}+
Mh`hq ï jhk|iq }o`åkmon i qi}wio|n li tn}}n} |qh|hjik|n}, li}ien} i kimi}}olhli}+ Mnj qi`hæín h tn}}h}
jhkodi}|hæùi}, xyi i`h} kín }iehj mnkcimolh} wnq tn}}n ok|iqjïlon+
Xyhkln n} lo}mêwy`n} mnjiæhj h lo}my|oq i dhuiq mnjik|èqon} wiqhk|i ny|qn} xyi kín |åj h ji}jh i}mh`h li
mnkcimojik|n, lo}}owhj }yh dnqæh i lín jhy isijw`n+ N oklotêlyn okmnk}|hk|i wnli mhy}hq, ij yjh cnqh,
jhonq wqieyêun ln xyi wnliqoh ojhfokhq+

67
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N W`hkn W}êxyomn
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 * Nc, \y, Wqi}ikæh Okdoko|h, Wqi}ikæh Chao|èti`( \yh @yu ï Nkowiki|qhk|i, \yh Nwy`åkmoh li
]ya}|ákmoh ï Nkowqi}ik|i i Nkowiki|qhk|i+ Ký} haqojn} h h|otolhli lh mnk}moåkmoh is|iqonq whqh h loqiæín
mnk}moik|i i jn`lhjn} lik|qn lh dnqjh |nlh} h} anh} mno}h} xyi li}iehjn}+ Qiklijn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq
\yh Hæín Ok|i`ofik|i ki}}h} jik|i} mnj \iy Hjnq, \yh ]hailnqoh i \iy Wnliq whqh fyoè*`n} i `itè*`n}
lik|qn lh Wiqdioæín |n|h`+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} ln} ]iqi} H}mik}onkhln} xyi }ijwqi joko}|qhj eyk|n hn} Jik}hfioqn} lh @yu,
iktn`tikln*n} kn} ]iy} Jhk|n} li @yu, O`yjokhæín i Wqn|iæín+
LO]MYQ]N
N lo}mêwy`n liti mnjwqiikliq xyi n liknjokhln w`hkn w}êxyomn khlh |ij xyi tiq mnj I}woqo|yh`olhli+ Ï
yjh dhmy`lhli lh mnk}moåkmoh cyjhkh xyi wnli }iq li}iktn`tolh wnq }iqi} cyjhkn} xyi `ci lo}wik}hqij
h|ikæín }ydomoik|i2 jh} n oklotêlyn xyi li}ieh wiki|qhq kn w`hkn w}êxyomn }nuokcn, mnk}moik|i ny
okmnk}moik|ijik|i, ji`cnq }iqoh kín cnyti}}i kh}moln ki}|h ikmhqkhæín+ H dh}mokhæín ln} diküjikn} ln
w`hkn w}êxyomn, h}}ifyqn* tn}, ï lh} jho} }ily|nqh}, wno} hxyi`i} myeh h|ikæín }i wqiklh doqjijik|i hn w`hkn
w}êxyomn kín }i `oaiq|hj li`i ki}|h ikmhqkhæín, }ikln, ç} tiui}, kimi}}èqon} tèqon} qikh}mojik|n} whqh `oaiq|è*
`n}+
Ij |nln kêti` li mnk}moåkmoh cè yj dqhfjik|n li Tiqlhli okmnjwqiiklolh2 }i h}}oj kín dnqh, kín wnliqoh
i`h }y}|ik|hq*}i #}ý h Tiqlhli ï i|iqkh2 h jik|oqh iso}|i, ï wn}}êti`, wnqïj ï |qhk}o|ýqoh/+
Litio} mnjwqiikliq xyi ij |nlh} h} mno}h} i ij |nlh} h} h|otolhli} cè, ij jhonq ny jiknq wqnwnqæín,
ikiqfoh lotokh ij hæín, |h`tiu iqqnkihjik|i ijwqifhlh jh}, kín na}|hk|i, h|oth+
N lo}mêwy`n }okmiqn kín lè h|ikæín hn} diküjikn} w}êxyomn} to}yho} ny hylo|otn}, i mnjwqiikli xyi liti
hmhahq mnj o}}n, hfokln loqi|hjik|i wi`n wnliq li }yh tnk|hli ok|iqonq Mh mchjh huy`/ i }yh li|iqjokhæín, i
wiki|qhq kn Mok|yqín I`i|qükomn nkli ykomhjik|i h Tiqlhli }i iswqi}}h+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( Hn ji}jn |ijwn xyi ï kimi}}èqon isw`omhq i}|i h}}yk|n, xyiqn xyi |njio} h qi}n`yæín li
kín }ik|oq |ijnq h`fyj+
Kn ok|iqonq lh mhjhlh w}êxyomh ln wik}hjik|n i ln }ik|ojik|n, hmch*}i h wqokmowh` h|otolhli lhxyo`n xyi
mnkcimijn} mnjn !dnqæh }oko}|qh! ki}|i jykln+ H`fyjh} tiui}, wi}}nh} xyi h`mhkæhqhj i}w`åklolh} to|ýqoh}
kín mnjwqiiklikln h ish|h qih`olhli ln xyi i}|ny louikln, wiqjo|oqhj xyi }yh h|ikæín dn}}i h|qhêlh whqh
i}}h mhjhlh, ij mnk}ixðåkmoh ln li}wiq|hq wqijh|yqn li}}h dhmy`lhli dê}omh, wnq `ci} |iq }oln hwqi}ik|hlh
yjh }iji`chkæh lh Tiqlhli mnj h`fyk} diküjikn} * n ah}|hk|i whqh `ci} h|qhoq h h|ikæín+ Jh}, }i
na}iqthqij n litoln myolhln, |nln} tiqín oq li}hwhqimikln i}}h ojo|hæín lh Tiqlhli+
Yj ln} h|qoay|n}, |h`tiu n jho} dh}mokhk|i li}}i w`hkn, mnk}o}|i ij dhuiq dh`}h} wqndimoh}, oklyuokln n
oklotêlyn h th|omokhq is|qhthfákmoh}2 li tiu ij xyhkln yjh }i myjwqi, h doj li wqikliq jho} dnq|ijik|i h
h|ikæín+ H`ïj lo}}n, cè yjh miq|h }ya}|ákmoh xyi ï ok|qnlyuolh kn mïqiaqn #hoklh kín tn} wn}}n lhq jhonqi}
isw`omhæùi} h i}}i qi}wio|n/+ O}}n |nqkh ojwn}}êti`, ji}jn hn Ji}|qi, ok|iqdiqoq whqh hyso`ohq n oklotêlyn,
wnqxyi dno wi`n }iy `otqi*hqaê|qon xyi i`i hmio|ny h }o|yhæín+ \ij chtoln mh}n} ij xyi h wi}}nh wiqmiaiy n
iqqn hk|i} li |iq hthkæhln lijho} i, h yj ok|ik}n wiloln li `oaiq|hæín, yj ln} Oqjín} dno iktohln whqh
`oaiq|è*`h mnjw`i|hjik|i+
Nmh}onkh`jik|i, }yqfi h`fyïj xyi, litoln ç }yh fqhkli wyqiuh, wh}}h wi`n w`hkn w}êxyomn }ij mnkcimå*`n ny
mnk|h|è*`n+ \h` wi}}nh ï qih`jik|i jyo|n tik|yqn}h+ H} dnqæh} xyi iso}|ij ki}}i w`hkn, h|yhj jho}
loqi|hjik|i }naqi h kh|yqiuh }ik|ojik|h`, n xyi xyiq louiq, }naqi h} whosùi} ln oklotêlyn, wnq }iqij jho}
dhmo`jik|i h|okfêtio}+
Hxyi`i} xyi wiqliqhj n wnliq li mnk|qn`hq }yh} whosùi} |hk|n wi`n }isn mnjn wi`h oqh domhqhj, mnk}moik|i ny
okmnk}moik|ijik|i, ikqilhln} kh i}diqh w}êxyomh ln wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n, haqokln li}}i jnln h} wnq|h}
li }iy} ai`n} i jhfkêdomn} \ijw`n} li Liy}+
H|qhtï} li}}h} wnq|h} haiq|h}, h} dnqæh} w}êxyomh} hfhqqhj*}i h i`i} ok|ik}odomhkln }yh} whosùi} h|ï |nqkè*`h}
li}mnk|qn`hlh} xyhkln, li ny|qn jnln, wnliqohj }iq lnjokhlh}+ ]iqoh wqidiqêti` xyi |ho} oklotêlyn} wo}h}}ij
ij mnaqh} mh}mhtïo} wnqxyi }iqohj, ik|ín, hwikh} `hkæhln} dnqh ln} }iy} mnqwn} dê}omn} i `oaiq|hln}2 jh} yjh
tiu ikqilhln} ki}}h i}diqh w}êxyomh, }i i}mqhtouhj dqixðik|ijik|i wnq jyo|h} ikmhqkhæùi}+ Wnq xyi> Wnqxyi
ojwqojij ojhfik} ij }iy} jykln} jik|ho}, lh} xyho} kín }haij mnjn }i `oaiq|hq+ Mnk}ixyik|ijik|i, i}}h}
h`jh} qikh}mij mnj h} ji}jh} |iklåkmoh} h|ï liwno} lh }ifyklh ny |iqmioqh ikmhqkhæín2 tåj h }iq h}
mqoh|yqh} liwqhthlh} xyi ikmnk|qho} ij |nlh whq|i+
Ç} tiui}, h okd`yåkmoh ï ah}|hk|i h}|ymon}h, h wnk|n li nmy`|hq i}}h whq|omy`hqolhli hn jykln is|iqonq wnq
jyo|n |ijwn, idi|yhkln }yh naqh kidh}|h ij }ifqiln+ I hxyo i}|è h whq|i jho} wykfik|i li}|h }o|yhæín,
hwhqik|ijik|i nmy`|h, jh} mnjn }i hwqi}ik|h ln wnk|n*li*to}|h is|iqonq+

68
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Kh} h`|h} i}diqh} i}woqo|yho} iso}|ij h`jh} fqhklon}h} i ai`h} xyi li}mij tn`yk|hqohjik|i h i}|i w`hkn h doj
li heylhq, wnq jion li }yh} qhlohæùi}, h qnjwiq h okd`yåkmoh li |ho} mqoh|yqh} }naqi h cyjhkolhli+ I}}i}
tn`yk|èqon} |hk|n wnlij }iq jh}my`okn} mnjn dijokokn}+ Jho} dqixðik|ijik|i, wnqïj, }ín dijokokn}+ O}}n
isw`omh wnqxyi ai`h} h`jh}, ij ikmhqkhæín dijokokh, }i ykij ij jh|qojükon is|iqonq mnj h`jh} jh}my`okh}
xyi }i |ikchj ijhqhkchln ki}}h mnkloæín w}êxyomh h doj li `oaiq|è*`h}+
]i yjh wi}}nh lo}wn}|h h mnk|qhoq jh|qojükon, hk|i} li lhq i}}i wh}}n, itnmh}}i n Liy} Ok|iqonq louikln5 !]i
i}|i mh}hjik|n |ij wnq ah}i yj li}ien wh}}onkh`, xyi kín }i qih`oui!, fqhkli} li}fqhæh} i }ndqojik|n} }iqohj
ito|hln}+
I hfnqh h whq|i i}}ikmoh` li |yln o}|n5 hxyi`i} xyi wnq }iy} wqýwqon} i}dnqæn}, ny wnq ok|iqjïlon li
ik}okhjik|n} xyi `ci} }ín joko}|qhln}, mcifhqij h mnjwqiikliq mnj ish|olín n xyi }ofkodomh h !Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, n tiqlhlioqn ]iq li mhlh yj, hwnohkln*}i }iqohjik|i k&I`i kykmh jho} }iqín hqqh}|hln} h
i}}h} }o|yhæùi} lo}mnqlhk|i}, h jikn} xyi }i ndiqiæhj whqh }iqtoq tn`yk|hqohjik|i, li hmnqln mnj n} Jho}
H`|n} W`hkn} li h|otolhli, nkli }haij wiqdio|hjik|i n xyi i}|ín dhuikln+ N} wiqênln} li fyiqqh, jho} ln xyi
xyho}xyiq ny|qn}, iswùij n} oklotêlyn} h i}}i w`hkn w}êxyomn+ Mnjn mnk}ixðåkmoh, |ij }oln na}iqthln xyi,
hwý} n} mnkd`o|n} aï`omn}, cè }ijwqi jhonq iswhk}ín li whosùi} okmnk|qn`ètio} ln xyi ij xyh`xyiq ny|qh
ïwnmh+ N mnkcimojik|n ln w`hkn w}êxyomn, ij i}wimoh`, kín liti mhy}hq |ijnq h kokfyïj+ ]i n} lo}mêwy`n}
wiqmiaiqij xyi n i}|ín h|qhti}}hkln, litij ok}|hk|hkihjik|i domhq mnk}moik|i} li xyi5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh
Ji}|qh lnjokhlnqh i }ijwqi to|nqon}h!, i ojiloh|hjik|i ikmnk|qhqín dnqæh whqh ikdqik|hq }ieh n xyi dnq xyi
hwhqiæh i wqn}}ifyoq }iqikh i li}|ijolhjik|i+
Ei}y} }yfiqoy xyi i}}h isw`hkhæín dn}}i lhlh ikxyhk|n n} lo}mêwy`n} i}|oti}}ij }na h \qêw`omi Qhlohæín+
#I}|h Qhlohæín \qêw`omi }ofkodomh xyi I`i }ijwqi mhqqifh ]yh Qhlohæín mnj h \qêw`omi H|otolhli ln Who, ln
Do`cn i ln I}wêqo|n ]hk|n ny h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!/+

61
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H}|qn`nfoh

Yjh lh} mno}h} jho} |qo}|i} xyi litn louiq5 hxyi`i} xyi }i lilomhj h dhuiq cnqý}mnwn}, }ín
okmnk}moik|ijik|i hqqh}|hln} whqh h qili w}êxyomh2 |nqkhj*}i }ik}êtio} ç} mnkloæùi} hltiq}h} xyi }njik|i
iso}|ij ki}}i w`hkn, ijhqhkchkln*}i ki`h}+
I}|h ï yjh lh} h|otolhli} jho} `hjik|ètio}, wnqxyi n oklotêlyn }i mnk}iqth ok|ioqhjik|i okmnk}moik|i li |iq
haiq|n h wnq|h h }iji`chk|i} mnkloæùi}, mcifhkln h ikqilhq*}i li |h` jnln xyi kikcyjh }njh li hqfyjik|n}
ny qhuùi} wnliqè jnlodomhq*`ci h mqikæh kh h}|qn`nfoh+
Kn} õ`|ojn} tok|i hkn} #i}|i ik}okhjik|n dno i}mqo|n ij 8?=1/, n mhjwn lh h}|qn`nfoh |ij }oln y}hln jho}
mnj n wqnwý}o|n li wqndi|ouhq ln xyi xyh`xyiq ny|qn+
Jyo|h} tiui}, litoln h o}}n, n wik}hjik|n ny qhlohæín li}}h mhjhlh w}êxyomh, h|qhtï} lh h}|qn`nfoh, wqilou
xyi }i jhkodi}|hqín whqh n oklotêlyn |ho} i xyho} mnkloæùi} xyi kín wnliqín }iq ito|hlh}+ Ji}jn xyi kín }ieh
lo|n mnj i}|h} wh`htqh}, o}}n ï }ik|oln h|qhtï} lh qhlohæín+ I}|h ï yjh lh} wqokmowho} qhuùi} li |iq nmnqqoln n
mh|hm`o}jn lh H|`ák|olh, i wnqxyi n} h|`hk|i} }i qimy}hqhj h nytoq h tnu ln} Ji}|qi} lh ]hailnqoh xyi n}
h`iq|hthj+
Mnjwqiikln, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi }i tn} ok|iqi}}ho} wnq cnqý}mnwn}, wnlio} wik}hq xyi i}|ny }ikln
}itiqn, jh} kín ï i}|i n mh}n, }ikín xyi Jiy hjnq wnq tý} ï }ydomoik|ijik|i fqhkli, li jnln h louiq*tn} h
wyqh tiqlhli+ Kín tn} }ikln wn}}êti` mqiq kh tiqlhli xyi tn} lofn, }ifyo, ik|ín, tn}}n wqýwqon mhjokcn,
wnqxyi }no} ln|hln} li `otqi*hqaê|qon, kn xyh` kín li}ien ok|iqdiqoq2 ismi|n whqh louiq xyi |ikcn n wqoto`ïfon li
hwnk|hq*tn} n mhjokcn+
Hxyi`i} xyi }i hwifhqij |ikhujik|i ç }yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, ehjho} litiqín |ijiq xyh`xyiq li}}h}
mno}h}, wnqxyi I`h h} mnqqofoqè i n} mnk}iqthqè doqji} kn tiqlhlioqn Mhjokcn lh @yu, myen} Lifqhy} li Nyqn
wnliqín }yaoq mnj wh}}n} doqji} i wqimo}n} h|ï hlxyoqoq }iy lnjêkon w`ikn i wiqdio|n+
H}}ifyqn*tn}, hjhln}, xyi Jiy mnqhæín }i mnjwhlimi lhxyi`i} myeh h|ikæín i}|è wqi}h ç h}|qn`nfoh2 wno}
i}|ín |ín li}hwiqmiaoln} ln mhjokcn eykmhln li i}wokcn} xyi wo}hj xyi }ý xyhkln h lnq li}}h} diqolh} dnq
ok}ywnq|èti`, ï xyi i`i} cín li m`hjhq hn Mïy mnj |nln }iy }iq, louikln5 !NC, LIY], JN]\QH*JI N
TIQLHLIOQN MHJOKCN!(
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, tý} xyi mnj |hk|n ijwikcn ay}mho} h @yu, }haio xyi iso}|i }njik|i h Wqi}ikæh Ykh, xyi
ï tn}}h wqn|iæín Oktikmêti` i xyi ï h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, Liy} ij tý}+
Kín liosio} kykmh xyi tn}}h h|ikæín }i wqiklh h i}}h} okõjiqh} jhkodi}|hæùi} is|iqonqi}5 h}|qn`nfoh,
kyjiqn`nfoh, i}woqo|o}jn ny xyh`xyiq lh} jyo|h} mno}h} xyi hdh}|ij tn}}h h|ikæín lh !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY!, xyi ï tn}}n ]iq Qih`+ ]i whqh I`h tn} tn`|hqli} }ijwqi, I`h tn} fyohqè kn Mhjokcn lh @yu, mnj
hxyi`h xyoi|yli ln is|iqkn xyi tn} wiqjo|oqè wiki|qhq kn Fqhkli ]o`åkmon i kh Whu xyi y`|qhwh}}h |nlh
mnjwqiik}ín, i nkli ikmnk|qhqio} h jhonq h|otolhli li Liy}, h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
Hjhln}( Miq|hjik|i mnjwqiikliqio} xyi kín wnlio} }iqtoq h lno} }ikcnqi} kij fhkchq to|ýqoh h`fyjh
hk|imowhlhjik|i+ Wnq |iqli} `otqi*hqaê|qon, litio} i}mn`ciq+ ]i wqidiqo} n is|iqkn, i}xyimikln tn}}h oktikmêti`
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY‚ ik|ín hoklh xyi Jiy hjnq mnk|okyi tn} iktn`tikln ij ]iy fqhkli jhk|n li wqn|iæín,
|iqio xyi i}wiqhq h|ï mcifhq n |ijwn xyi i`ifiqli} whqh qifqi}}hq hn Liy} Ykn+
]i tn} limoloqli} wnq tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i k& I`h wiqjhkimiqli}, tn}}h} `y|h} `nfn mi}}hqín, i
wiqmiaiqio} xyi i}|ho} tn} jntikln ki}}h i}diqh li Whu, Chqjnkoh i Wiqdioæín, li nkli mnk|ijw`hqio} n
jykln is|iqkn mnj fqhkli mnjwhosín, kykmh, wnqïj, mnj h mnjo}iqhæín cyjhkh xyi }ydnmhqoh tn}}n
wqýwqon wqnfqi}}n+
O}}n kn} qimnqlh h hk|ofh mo|hæín !Wqnmyqho, wno}, wqojioqhjik|i n Qiokn li Liy} i ]yh ey}|oæh, i |nlh} i}}h}
mno}h} tn} }iqín lhlh} wnq hmqï}mojn!+ I}}i Qiokn li Liy} ï h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh Iy ]ny!, tn}}h õkomh
Qih`olhli, Lnkn i Lnhlnq li |nlh} h} mno}h} mqohlh} i jhkodi}|hlh}+
Kín ï i}|qhkcn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi }i wn}}h thfyihq |hk|n |ijwn kh lo}mýqloh i kh `ojo|hæín, xyhkln h
Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh li @yu, h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, mhjokch }ijwqi hn kn}}n `hln, ç i}wiqh li xyi kn} tn`|ijn}
whqh I`h i qimiahjn} ]yh} qhlohk|i} i f`nqon}h} lèloth} li wiqdioæín ij |nlh} h} jhkodi}|hæùi} is|iqkh}> \h`
ï n tn}}n wqoto`ïfon, hjhln} Jiy}(
Mnkxyhk|n ji ik|qo}|iæh wnq h`fyk} kín |iqij }ik|oln h qih` ojwnq|ákmoh li }yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, i hoklh
}i i}dnqmij wi`h} mno}h} is|iqkh}, `ojo|n*ji h i}wiqhq, iktn`tikln*n} kn jiy Hjnq, wnqxyi i`i} |åj `otqi*
hqaê|qon+ \h`tiu }ieh Iy yj wnymn hk|oxyhln, wnqïj, xyhkln tien oklotêlyn} |ín ank} i |ín mnqqion}, xyo}iqh
heylè*`n} i wqiklå*`n} kn jiy haqhæn h|ï xyi wyli}}ij mnjwqiikliq |nlh h ojwnq|ákmoh li }yh wqýwqoh
!Wqi}ikæh Iy ]ny!2 ik|qi|hk|n, o}|n kín Ji ï wiqjo|oln wnqxyi }io jyo|n aij xyi |nln} n} xyi |åj xyh`xyiq
li}ien li ay}mhq h is|iqonqolhli, litij dhuå*`n h|ï xyi eè kín }ok|hj jho} i}}h kimi}}olhli+
N} lo}mêwy`n} litij mnjwqiikliq xyi kín wnlij lotoloq }yh h|ikæín ik|qi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i h} mno}h}
is|iqkh}5 !yjh mh}h lotololh mnk|qh }o ji}jh, ! miln ny |hqli mhoqè+

6=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
\nlh fqhkliuh liwikli lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i ï I`h Xyij fntiqkh ny litiqoh fntiqkhq h dnqjh+ k‟I`h
i}|è |nlh dnqæh, th`nq i wnliq+
]i i}}i} haikænhln} lo}mêwy`n} wyli}}ij hn jikn} mnjwqiikliq w`ikhjik|i xyi fqhkli wqoto`ïfon
wiqjhkimi ç }yh lo}wn}oæín, i mnjn, ij |ijwn qi`h|othjik|i myq|n, wnliqohj `oaiq|hq* }i li |nlh `ojo|hæín(+
H tiqlhlioqh qhuín li}|i lo|hln ï h }ifyok|i5 xyhkln n} lo}mêwy`n} wiqfyk|hj }i wnlij nytoq loqi|hjik|i
i}|h} mnjykomhæùi}, hlxyoqij loqio|n ç isw`omhæín ln xyi }i dhu kimi}}èqon whqh n li}ijwikcn li yj
|qhah`cn li}}h kh|yqiuh, xyi kín ï dqixðik|i i ï n jho} is|qhnqlokèqon xyi mnkcimijn}+
N dh|n ï xyi n Liy} Ykn ï }ijwqi Wiqdio|n, }ijwqi dno, ï hfnqh i }ijwqi }iqè #i n !IY ]NY! ï i}}h
Wqi}ikæh/2 jh}, }i n} lo}mêwy`n} kín |åj mnk}moåkmoh lo}}n, }iy mnqwn i }iy mïqiaqn litij wh}}hq wnq yj
wiqênln li hey}|hjik|n+
H i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh ï yj ok}|qyjik|n jimákomn i h} whq|i} okyjiqètio} li xyi }i mnjwùi litij |qhah`chq
ij chqjnkoh i wiqdio|h mnnwiqhæín yjh} mnj h} ny|qh}+ N} lo}mêwy`n} kín mnjwqiiklij xyi xyhkln yj
miq|n |qhah`cn i}wimêdomn liti }iq qih`ouhln, |ij xyi chtiq |hjaïj yj wqiwhqn lidokoln ki}}i }ik|oln+ Wnq
isijw`n5 }ywnkchjn} xyi iso}|h yjh wi}}nh xyi wnq kh|yqiuh ï ln|hlh li yjh xyh`olhli okty`fhq whqh dh`hq
ij wõa`omn2 whqh xyi qimiah h}}o}|åkmoh lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh, liti chtiq yj wqiwhqn i}wimoh`+ N nqhlnq
}iqoh wqiwhqhln li jnln xyi, tok|i ny |qok|h joky|n} hk|i} lh mnkdiqåkmoh, dn}}i miqmhln wnq yj |yan li `yu
kn xyh` khlh wiki|qh}}i, ismi|n h qhlohæín ln Ji}|qi ok}woqhlnq+
N hey}|hjik|n ln mnqwn i mïqiaqn ln lo}mêwy`n `ith }ijhkh}, ji}i} ny hkn} whqh }i mnjw`i|hq, liwiklikln
lh} kimi}}olhli} ln oklotêlyn+
Ehjho}, kh co}|ýqoh lh wqiwhqhæín li lo}mêwy`n}, n Ji}|qi `ci} wiqjo|oy ik|qhq kn ]iy wqýwqon Mêqmy`n
I`i|qükomn Ok|iqonq+ Hn} lo}mêwy`n} }i ik}okh h hw`omhæín, jh} kykmh wiki|qhj kn Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn ln
Ji}|qi+
N Mêqmy`n I`i|qükomn hxyo nqfhkouhln whqh i}|i |qhah`cn isofoy |qok|h hkn} li wqiwhqhæín, i kín na}|hk|i h
ai`iuh li qhlohæín i hjnq li yj oklotêlyn, Ký} kín |ijn} |ijwn whqh hwqnk|hq i hey}|hq h i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh
ln mïqiaqn i ln mnqwn ln} lo}mêwy`n} ki}|i wiqênln li mqo}i jykloh`+ \nlhtoh, }i i}|otiqij }okmiqhjik|i
limololn} i ijwqifhqij h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, }iqín wqiwhqhln} whqh h Wqi}ikæh lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh+

6<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Wqiwhqhæín lh Wè}mnh

]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 * Nc, Wnliqn}h Ok|i`ofåkmoh Okdoko|h, \y, xyi |ik} Wnliq }naqi |nlh} h} mno}h}( Ký} }hylhjn}
\yh Wqi}ikæh Nkowiki|qhk|i, \yh Tolh Nkowiki|qhk|i, n Wqokmêwon hkojhlnq li mhlh }iq cyjhkn+ Lhjn}
fqhæh} wnqxyi n !IY ]NY! ï h Fqhkli i Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh!, !IY ]NY! hkmnqhln kn mnqhæín li mhlh yj
ln} do`cn} li Liy}!, myjwqokln n W`hkn Wiqdio|n, hwi}hq li |nlh h qi}o}|åkmoh lh h|otolhli is|iqonq lh jik|i+
Lhjn} `nytnq i fqhæh} wnq }iq h }èaoh nqoik|hæín li \yh Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh }ydomoik|i whqh haikænhq * h|qhtï}
lhxyi`i} xyi |åj ik|iklojik|n* i dhuiq wqith`imiq ij |nlh whki \yh Jhqhto`cn}h @yu i Ok|i`ofåkmoh+
Iy tn} |qhfn }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i i li Ei}y} wi}}nh`jik|i, xyi cnei tn} dh`hqè li kntn h|qhtï} li ]iy
Qhon+
LO]MYQ]N LN AIJ*HJHLN JI]\QI EI]Y]
Lyqhk|i jokch iso}|åkmoh kh Eylïoh, xyhkln dh`io hn} cnjik}, dno mnj hxyi`h hy|nqolhli lh !Wqi}ikæh Iy
]ny!, xyi Iy qimnkcimoh mnjn h Õkomh Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wnliq h|otn xyi wnloh h|yhq+ \okch mnk}moåkmoh lh
h|otolhli is|iqonq lh} jik|i} ln} cyjhkn} xyi ji miqmhthj jh}, mnjn tn} lo}}i hk|i}5 }njik|i xyhkln
mnjimio h y}hq h hdoqjhæín !IY ]NY H QI]]YQQIOÆÍN I H TOLH!, ï xyi h w`iko|yli lh Jokch jo}}ín, i
mnjn litiqoh }iq myjwqolh, Ji dno ok|ioqhjik|i qiti`hlh+ Io} n wnk|n i}wimêdomn xyi cnei li}ien iswnq hn}
lo}mêwy`n}+ Lik|qn li tý} i}|è h ji}jh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh Iy ]ny! xyi y}io whqh qih`ouhq h Wiqdioæín li}}h
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh+ O}}n whqimoh ç cyjhkolhli lhxyi`i |ijwn, h qih`ouhæín li jo`hfqi}+ Ik|qi|hk|n, Iy tn}
h}}ifyqn, mnk}o}|oh hwikh} ij dhuiq h|yhq, mnk}moik|ijik|i, h} @io} Mý}jomh} xyi }ijwqi i}|ín eyk|n h tý},
whqh }iqij wn}|h} ij h|otolhli h|qhtï} li loqiæín mnk}moik|i+
N iqqn xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} mnji|ij i xyi qi|hqlh }iy hlohk|hjik|n, ï hmchqij xyi i}|ín jik|okln hn hdoqjhq h
wiqdioæín xyi hoklh kín toqhj jhkodi}|hlh ij }yh hwhqåkmoh ny h|otolhli+ Lofn*tn} }okmiqhjik|i, wnq Jokch
wqýwqoh iswiqoåkmoh, xyi litijn} qimnkcimiq h Õkomh Wqi}ikæh, Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wnliq, ij }ifyolh wqnm`hjè*`h
mnjn kn}}h ij mhlh yj li kn}}n} wik}hjik|n} i h|otolhli}+ I}|i ï n õkomn jnln wi`n xyh` i}|h Fqhklon}h
Wiqdioæín wnli }i jhkodi}|hq kh hwhqåkmoh is|iqkh i kh w`iko|yli ln tn}}n y}n+ Ijanqh i}}h wiqdioæín kín }i
|ikch hoklh jhkodi}|hln hwhqik|ijik|i, o}|n kín litiqè ojwiloq*tn} li hw`omhq i wqnm`hjhq h wiqdioæín mnjn
tn}}h wqýwqoh+ Xyh`xyiq wi}}nh li ok|i`ofåkmoh jilohkh |ij hwikh} xyi whqhq i wik}hq xyi h ikiqfoh, n
wqokmêwon to|h` xyi i}|è y}hkln, ï LIY], h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+ Wnq mnk}ifyok|i, ]yh Wqi}ikæh, Wnliq
i Ikiqfoh }ín }ijwqi hy|n* }y}|ik|hlh}+
Wqnm`hjhkln i}|h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh i ]yh h|otolhli2 i}|ho} mnk}moik|ijik|i wnkln*h ij hæín ij tn}}h tolh,
tn}}n `hq, tn}}n jykln i kifýmon}+ Cnei, mnjn kh ïwnmh li Jiy Joko}|ïqon, n wqna`ijh dokhkmioqn whqimi }iq
li is|qijh ojwnq|ákmoh2 ji}jn h}}oj, chao`o|hln} mnjn i}|ho} h isiqmiq tn}}h mnk}moik|i jhkowy`hæín i
loqiæín lh fqhkli ikiqfoh, }ya}|ákmoh i nwy`åkmoh xyi tn} qnliohj, |ikli} |yln mnj xyi h|qhoq whqh tý} i}}h
jhqhto`cn}h, nkowqi}ik|i nwy`åkmoh li Liy}+
Xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY!, i}|ho} ojwqojokln n ojwy`}n kimi}}èqon ç qih`ouhæín, ln} tn}}n} wiloln}
mnk}moik|i}+ Yjh lh} wqojioqh} mno}h} xyi }i |nqkhqhj m`hqh} ç jokch mnk}moåkmoh, dno n Jiy wnliq kh|yqh` #i
li |nln}/ li xyh`odomhq i}|h ikiqfoh, mnk}moik|ijik|i loqofolh, mnj xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi whqiæh kimi}}èqoh+
\yln o}}n litio} }n`omo|hq mnj li|iqjokhln i}dnqæn mnk}moik|i, }haikln xyi, kn wiloln mnk}moik|i, i}|è h
‐Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! dh`hkln i hfokln+ Wnq|hk|n, I`h |ij |nln wnliq i hy|nqolhli whqh qiti}|oq mnj ]yh
i}wïmoi, }ieh xyh` dnq h nqlij lhlh wi`h mnk}moåkmoh ln oklotêlyn+
Moik|i} li xyi }no} h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! hfokln }ijwqi, ik|ín litio} }haiq xyi }no}, ki}}i jnjik|n li
qimnkcimojik|n, yj oktikmêti` ojí li h|qhæín xyi naqofh h mhlh h|otolhli ln Ykotiq}n }i wqimowo|hq whqh tý}
hdoj li myjwqoq h nqlij+ H õkomh qhuín wi`h xyh` o}}n kín tn} whqimi }iq h}}oj, ï xyi, ij h`fyjh whq|i li
tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh, cè yj }ik|ojik|n li okmiq|iuh, }ieh xyhk|n ç tn}}h chao`olhli, tn}}h hy|nqolhli, ny xyhk|n
ç Nkown|åkmoh lh Wqi}ikæh whqh h|yhq+ Wnqïj, Iy tn} h}}ifyqn ï yj wqhuiq mn`nmhq lohk|i li tý} i}|h} @io}
}ojw`i}, hoklh xyi wnliqn}h} i oktikmêtio} ij }yh} h|otolhli}, xyi tn} wqnwnqmonkhqín `oaiqlhli i lnjêkon
}naqi |nlh} h} mno}h} xyi tn} whqimij }iq yjh jnk|hkch li na}|qyæín ij tn}}n |qhei|n+
Ç jilolh xyi mnk|okyhqli} h hmio|hq i y}hq i}}h} @io} ij tn}}h h|otolhli, wiqmiaiqio} xyi i}|ho} na|ikln
lnjêkon }naqi n} xyh|qn i`ijik|n}5 dnfn, hq, èfyh i |iqqh+
Xyhkln tn} |nqkhqli} mnk}moik|i} lh !Mchjh li tn}}h Lotoklhli! i}|hqio} h|yhkln ln jho} h`|n ln} xyh|qn
i`ijik|n}, xyi ï n dnfn, h Tiqlhlioqh H|otolhli ln I}wêqo|n+
H}}oj mnjn h h|otolhli mnk}moik|i i}|è whqh h okmnk}moik|i, h}}oj i}|è n y}n mnk}moik|i lh Mchjh whqh n
qimnkcimojik|n lh @yu+ N i`ijik|n kh|yqh` li tn}}h h`jh ï h !Mchjh!, li hmnqln mnj n hk|ofn my`|n ln
Dnfn i ln ]n`+ Xyhkln yjh wi}}nh }i |nqkh mnk}moik|i li xyi wnli y}hq i loqofoq i}|h Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh,
wiki|qny kn Fqhkli Wnliq+

69
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Xyhkln }i wn}}yo n mnkcimojik|n ln lnjêkon }naqi n} xyh|qn i`ijik|n}, khlh jho} qi}|h }ikín ijwqifè*`n,
wno} |qhuikln*n ç mnk}moåkmoh h|qhtï} lh wqè|omh ï wn}}êti` loqofoq n qhon, lnjokhq h |ijwi}|hli, mnk|qn`hq h}
èfyh} i hklhq o`i}n kn jion ln dnfn+ Wiqfyk|hq*ji*io}5 mnjn wnli h`fyïj dhuiq y}n li h`fyjh mno}h hk|i} li
mnkcimå*`h i }haiq }i wn}}yo hw|olín whqh mn`nmè*`h h }iy }iqtoæn>
Ij |h` mh}n, wi`h wqè|omh ln }iy y}n, i`i }i |nqkhqè ha}n`y|hjik|i oktikmêti` ij }iy jhkien+ Li}ien
hqlik|ijik|i xyi o}}n }i |nqki m`hqn whqh tý}, xyi i}|ho} }ikln ok}|qyêln} kh} @io} ish|h} xyi Iy y}io i xyi
mhlh yj wnli y}hq, li}li xyi |ikch h|okfoln n i}|hln h}mik}onkhln+
\yln ï yjh xyi}|ín li y}n, yjh tiu xyi mnkcimio} i}}h} @io} i }haio} xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi }no},
|ij |nlh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, Wnliq i Hy|nqolhli whqh loqofoq mnk}moik|ijik|i h ikiqfoh, h|qhtï} lh h|otolhli is|iqonq
li tn}}h jik|i+ @nfn, kín |ijho} y}è*`h whqh myqhq, dhuiq wqn}wiqhq, haikænhq i i}m`hqimiq tn}}n wqýsojn+
]ywqojo whqh }ijwqi li tn}}h jik|i h olïoh li xyi wn}}h chtiq h`fyj ifnê}jn ij tn}}n qimnkcimojik|n
mnk}moik|i li xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! tn} loqofi i i}|è h|yhkln+ Kín ojwnq|h n xyi wiloqli} ij tn}}n
aikidêmon, li}li xyi tn} |nqkio} jho} hw|n} ij qimnkcimiq tn}}n wnliq whqh haikænhq+ Kín tili}, ik|ín, xyi
kín wnli chtiq ifnê}jn kn li}ien li mnk}ifyoq jhonq chao`olhli i wiqdioæín> Hxyi`i xyi wik}i wnliq
li}mhk}hq ij mojh lh qih`ouhæín li ny|qij, mnji|i fqhkli iqqn+ H} wi}}nh} }ý Wnlij mcifhq ç qih`ouhæín
h|qhtï} ln }iy wqýwqon i}dnqæn mnk}moik|i, lik|qn li}|i jhqhto`cn}n mnkcimojik|n+ Kokfyïj wnli wqnfqiloq
wnq ny|qn, jh} mhlh yj wnli }iq li ojik}n hysê`on whqh }iy }iji`chk|i, lim`hqhkln mnj ok|ik}olhli5 !IY
]NY h Õkomh Wqi}ikæh i Ok|i`ofåkmoh h|yhkln lik|qn lhxyi`i oklotêlyn!+ O}}n wnli }iq xyh`odomhln mnj
xyh`xyiq mno}h li xyi h wi}}nh jho} whqiæh kimi}}o|hq+
N wqojioqn litiq li |nln oklotêlyn ï hjhq i hlnqhq h Õkomh i Wnliqn}h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! xyi i}|è wqi}ik|i
ij |nlh whki+
Tili mnjn o}}n mnk}|o|yo yj ik}ien jyo|n }h|o}dh|ýqon li hjhq |hjaïj tn}}n okojofn xyhkln louio}5 !IY
]NY h õkomh Wqi}ikæh i h|otolhli h|yhkln h`o!+ ]i h ofknqákmoh lh h|otolhli is|iqonq lh jik|i whqimi chtiq
mqohln li}nqlij, lnq i `ojo|hæín, ik|ín }haio xyi, h mqohæín okmnqqi|h, wnq }o ji}jh kín |ij wnliq+ Khlh cè
xyi h }y}|ik|i, h kín }iq h nwokoín iqqükih ln oklotêlyn, wnq mnk}ifyok|i i`h kín wn}}yo wnliq hy|n*
}y}|ik|hlnq+ ]i dn}|i} |ín li}tik|yqhln} xyi mqoh}|i} li}hqjnkoh, li}nqlij i `ojo|hæín, kín tili} xyi }ý
h|qhtï} ln Wnliq lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, h Mchjh To|h` i Mnk}yjolnqh #litio} mnk}moik|ijik|i hwi`hq ç @io
ln Wiqlín/ wnlio} mnk}yjoq |yln n xyi oklitolhjik|i mqoh}|i} ij tn}}n jykln>
O}|n dhmo`jik|i }i |nqkhqè m`hqn whqh tý}, xyhkln mnjiæhqli} h `ojwhq tn}}n jykln li }yh li}nqlij i li
}yh} mqohæùi} iqqhlh}+ Ik|ín, hwqi}ik|hq*tn}*io} mnj n i}w`iklnq ln ]n`, h @yu lh Tolh I|iqkh, eytik|yli,
ai`iuh i nwy`åkmoh, }ifyqhkln ij tn}}h} jín}, whqh y}n ojiloh|n, n Mi|qn ln Wnliq lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!,
xyi }no} tý} ji}jn}+
Xyhkln xyo}iqli} dh`hq mnj hy|nqolhli, }o`ikmon}hjik|i, h ny|qn }iq, wqnkykmoho }iy knji i tiqodomhqio} xyi h
heylh, h ikiqfoh xyi iktoh}|i}, }iqè jyo|n jho} dhmo`jik|i qimiaolh+ Ï n ji}jn xyi mchjhq h h|ikæín li yjh
wi}}nh mnj h xyh` xyiqio} dh`hq+
Louio }iy wqiknji i `nfn |qhk}jo|o h jik}hfij+ Ï h dnqjh li iktohq h ikiqfoh }o`ikmon}hjik|i+ ]haikln xyi
n !IY ]NY! i}|è wqi}ik|i ij |nlh whq|i, tiqio} mnjn ï wn}}êti` dh`hq mnj xyh`xyiq wi}}nh ln ny|qn `hln lh
\iqqh, wnq ok|iqjïlon lh Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh, |ín dhmo`jik|i mnjn }i i}}h wi}}nh i}|oti}}i kn ji}jn xyhq|n+
Wnqïj }i h`fyïj wqi|ikliq y}hq i}|i mnkcimojik|n whqh wqieylomhq ny |qij, ik|ín wh}}hqè h|qhtï} li }yh h`jh
i li }iy mnqwn, n lhqln i`i|qükomn mhqqifhln mnj h ok|ikæín iktohlh+ Kín thmo`io}, hjhln} do`cn}( Ijwykcho
i}|i Mi|qn li tn}}n wnliq i lnjêkon( Y}ho* n whqh myqhq, haikænhq, dhuiq wqn}wiqhq i o`yjokhq, i |iqio} |nlh} h}
mno}h} |iqqi}|qi} wqimowo|hkln*}i whqh }h|o}dhuiq n tn}}n jêkojn li}ien+

64
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N I`ijik|n Dnfn
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN+ Nc, Okdoko|h, Hjnqn}h Wqi}ikæh( Ký} }ik|ojn} \yh Whu, \iy Hjnq i \yh ]hailnqoh,
ok|iqwiki|qhkln |yln ij |nlh whki+ Wnq }haiq xyi iso}|i }njik|i h Ykh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, lh xyh` }njn}
whki+ Ký} }haijn} xyi \y ï} nkowqi}ik|i, liqqhjhkln*|i h \o ji}jh, }ywqokln |nlh} h} kimi}}olhli}
qixyiqolh}, i`ithkln h mnk}moåkmoh lh cyjhkolhli h|ï \o i `è jhk|ikln*h doshlh, h|ï xyi h !@yu lh Tolh
I|iqkh ! ikmch |nln} n} ]iqi} mnj }yh Qhlohæín, |qhk}wnq|hkln* n} mnj i}}i ojwy`}n Ok|iqonq whqh n
qimnkcimojik|n i|iqkn, wiqjhkik|i, ln !Fqhkli &IY ]NY&!+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh i i}wimoh`jik|i li Khlh, Mcè Hqh, Mchk i Lohkh, Liy}h
ln Dnfn+
LO]MYQ]N
Ç jilolh xyi h mnk}moåkmoh ln} lo}mêwy`n} }i i`ith lik|qn lh h|otolhli ln I`ijik|n Dnfn, |yln ij }iy}
]iqi} wqokmowoh h hfoq mnj yjh ok|ik}olhli xyi jyo|h} tiui} i`i} kín mnjwqiiklij, i xyhkln mnjiæhj h
|qhah`chq jho} li hmnqln mnj n I`ijik|n Dnfn, jhonq kimi}}olhli |åj li jhk|iq*}i ij fyhqlh i h`iq|h+
N |qiokhjik|n xyi kn} ijwikchjn} ij loty`fhq whqh haikænhq, wqn|ifiq i o`yjokhq n} lo}mêwy`n} |ij wnq doj
ik}okhq*`ci} h }i mnk}iqthqij }ijwqi ij fyhqlh, i ijanqh |nln} lithj ik|ikliq, i mnj fqhkli i}dnqæn dhuiq
y}n lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! h doj li jhk|iq n hy|nmnk|qn`i, }i h`fn `ci} hmnk|imiq oki}wiqhlhjik|i, litij
wiqjhkimiq }iqikn}+
Y}ho dqixðik|ijik|i h hdoqjhæín5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh ij fyhqlh!+ ]i h`fn, qiwik|okhjik|i, hmnk|imiq,
`ojo|ho*tn} h louiq5 !Hky`hqijn} o}}n!, i wqn}}ifyo h`ifqi} ij tn}}h di`omolhli+ Wqnmyqho kín h`ojik|hq
xyh`xyiq }ik|ojik|n xyi kín }ieh5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh fntiqkhkln h h|otolhli li mhlh yj!+
Nkli xyiq xyi iso}|h yj Mik|qn li @yu li ok|ik}olhli chtiqè }ijwqi yj i`ijik|n wiq|yqahlnq xyi wqnmyqhqè
ik|qhq h|qhtï} li h`fyïj+ ]i i}|otiqli} |qhah`chkln ij mh}h, mnk|okyho y}hkln5 !IY ]NY okty`kiqèti` h
xyh`xyiq wiq|yqahæín qiwik|okh!+ O}|n dnqjhqè yqkh hqjhlyqh xyi jhk|iqè h h|jn}diqh chqjnkon}h+
Ijwqifho jyo|h} tiui}5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi khlh wnli wiq|yqahq!+ Jhk|ikli*tn} }ijwqi kyjh h|o|yli
mh`jh i h`ifqi, hmnk|iæh n xyi hmnk|imiq+ Whqh h`fyïj xyi li}ieho} hyso`ohq, louio5 !Jiy oqjín, h|qhtï} lh
&Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY&, iy tn} mnjykomn n wnliq xyi mnk|qn`h o}}n, i}}h }o|yhæín!+
N fqhkli Hjnq i h Chqjnkoh lik|qn ln} mnqhæùi} ln} lo}mêwy`n}, jhk|oln} lyqhk|i yj miq|n i}whæn li
|ijwn, |nqkhj wn}}êti` xyh}i |yln+ ]ik|o} h fqhkli nklh li whu i h`ifqoh wiqwh}}hq mnjn h aqo}h li yjh
jhkcí li wqojhtiqh> Iy isw`omhqio, h}}oj wnlio} hth`ohq xyín o`ojo|hlh i jhqhto`cn}h ï i}}h }n`omo|yli
hjnqn}h+
N Fqhkli Ji}|qi mnj Xyij Ei}y} }i mnjykomny i xyi N |nqkny hw|n h h`mhkæhq h To|ýqoh, ï n Ji}jn xyi dno
Jiy Ok}|qy|nq, i dno ]yh Qhlohæín xyi }i diu }ik|oq hfnqh+ I`i li}ieh xyi Iy tn} lofh xyi5 !Ç jilolh xyi
hthkæho} kn Mhjokcn lh @yu, tiqodomhqio} xyi n jnln jho} dèmo` li hky`hqli} yjh wiq|yqahæín i lhq*`ci h}
mn}|h} i i}xyimå*`h!+ Jho} |hqli wnliqio} }haiq n Knji li}}i Ji}|qi+
Whqh h} h|otolhli} okmnqqi|h}, louio5 !O}|n kín ï mnqqi|n! i qhwolhjik|i lho wnq |iqjokhln+ Ï n jion li ito|hq
xyi yjh wiq|yqahæín }i li}iktn`th+
Ç jilolh xyi kn} hwqnsojhjn} lh @yu, |nqkhjn*kn} yjh fqhkli dhjê`oh+ ]haikln xyi iso}|i }njik|i h
!Ykh Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ij |nlh whq|i, i xyi }no} ]yh oklotolyh`ouhæín, }ý wnli chtiq yjh fqhkli
dhjê`oh, Do`cn} ln Liy} Ykn+
Hk|i} li |yln, xyi o}|n }ieh aij mnjwqiikloln5 }i yj oklotêlyn, ijanqh qi}wio|èti`, mn}|yjh }iq jyo|n
mqê|omn louio mnj limololh doqjiuh5 !Kokfyïj li}ieh ok|iqdiqoq ij tn}}n `otqi*hqaê|qon+ Kín kn} ojwnq|hjn}
mnj n liah|i `ih`, jh} kín |n`iqhjn} h mqê|omh kij h lo}my}}ín!+
N Jik}hfioqn liti qimy}hq h hmio|hæín li mno}h} lo}mnqlhk|i}, jilohk|i h oqqhlohæín ln i`ijik|n Hjnq, whqh
xyi h lo}mýqloh wn}}h }iq mnk}yjolh+ N Jik}hfioqn liti }iq dnq|i, li ny|qh dnqjh n |qhah`cn }iqè lioshln
wi`h ji|hli+ Kikcyj fqywn ny |qhah`cn ln Jik}hfioqn wnliqè }iq jhk|oln, }i i`i wiqjo|oq xyi }i fiqi
lo}my}}ín ny }ik|ojik|n lo}mnqlhk|i+
Ï jyo|n lodêmo` hn oklotêlyn mnjyj mnjwqiikliq xyi n jion jho} dèmo` li ojwiloq xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi li
wiq|yqahæín ï whqhq li lo}my|oq n h}}yk|n+ ]njik|i hxyo`n xyi }i hmch ij tn}}h wqýwqoh hyqh qixyiq h|ikæín+ N
hmnk|imojik|n fqhthln ij tn}}h h|jn}diqh }ý wnli hê wiki|qhq h|qhtï} ln tn}}n }ik|ojik|n+
H wh`htqh wqndiqolh h jikn} xyi }ieh hmnjwhkchlh li yj }ik|ojik|n li mnklikhæín ny mý`iqh, kín
ojwqojoqè li}hqjnkoh ij tn}}h H|jn}diqh Ok|iqkh+ ]i iso}|oqij i}}h} lyh} mnkloæùi} okli}ieètio}, ï jyo|n
ji`cnq is|iqkhq i hdh}|hq ln wik}hjik|n h mhy}h wiq|yqahlnqh, ln xyi fyhqlhq ok|ojhjik|i n qhkmnq ny
jèfnh li |iq }oln ndikloln, wnqxyi o}}n ï n xyi }i qifo}|qh ij tn}}h H|jn}diqh Ok|iqkh+ Ln jiy wn}|n li
na}iqthæín, tien n xyi }i i}|è qifo}|qhkln ij tn}}n} }ik|ojik|n} i, wnq mnk}ifyok|i, kh H|jn}diqh Ok|iqkh+
]haio} mnjn }i dnqjh yj ikshji+ Wno} aij( Iy tn} lofn xyi ij tn}}n jykln jik|h` |ij `yfhq ish|hjik|i
h ji}jh mno}h xyi yj ikshji jhkodi}|h kn jykln dê}omn+ Ï lh jho} h`|h ojwnq|ákmoh dhuiqli} h`fn whqh

66
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
ito|hq ky|qoq }ik|ojik|n} mnk|qh wi}}nh}, `yfhqi}, dh|n} ny mnkloæùi}, wnqxyi i}|i} }i li}iktn`tij i }i
qifo}|qhj ij tn}}h H|jn}diqh Ok|iqkh+
]i tn} hltïj yj li}ien mnjn5 !iy fn}|hqoh xyi dy`hkn doui}}i |h` mno}h!, |qhk}jy|ho*n ojiloh|hjik|i
louikln5 !]njik|i Liy} ij Hæín i}|è h`o!+ Xyhkln yj }ik|ojik|n }i qifo}|qh ij tn}}h h|jn}diqh, `è }i dosh
h|ï xyi n lo}}n`tho} ny mnk}yjho}+ Ï }ijwqi n }ik|ojik|n xyi dhu n Hqxyotn Ok|iqkn+
Kín hlohk|h mnk}yjoq yjh mno}h }ij hmhahq mnj n cèao|n li fiqhq h mhy}h+ Wnli*}i mnk}ifyoq o}}n
dhmo`jik|i, louikln5 !IY ]NY fntiqkhkln hxyo!+ Kín liosio} xyi tn}}n} }ik|ojik|n} }ofhj li}ikdqihln}+
Jyo|h} tiui} n} oklotêlyn} }ín qiykoln} mnj h õkomh dokh`olhli li mnjwi`ê*`n} h mnqqofoq i}|h} h|otolhli}
}y|o}, h xyi h jhonqoh lh} wi}}nh} kín wqi}|h h jiknq h|ikæín+ Ï yjh xyi}|ín li hmh`jhq n is|iqkn whqh xyi h
Tiqlhli wn}}h }iq qimiaolh+ O}}n ï li to|h` ojwnq|ákmoh kh hy|nmnqqiæín ln oklotêlyn+
Xyhkln tn} i`itho} ij mnk}moåkmoh, h ikiqfoh i}|è ç i}wiqh, mnjn yjh hth`hkmci, whqh iswqi}}hq*}i, i }i h
ikiqfoh kín dnq mnk|qn`hlh, wqimowo|hq*}i*è i tn} naqofhqè h mnji|iq h|n} xyi kín wqh|omhqêio} wnq mno}h h`fyjh
ln jykln+ Xyh`xyiq xyi }ieh h ikiqfoh lhlh whqh tn}}n y}n, liti }iq wqnei|hlh chqjnkon}hjik|i+ I}|h ï h
@io Kh|yqh` li tn}}n ]iq+
]i yjh wi}}nh kín mnjwqiikli xyi liti fntiqkhq h ikiqfoh xyi d`yo h|qhtï} li }o, i wnq o}}n, ik|qh ij
mnk|h|n mnj yj i`ijik|n lo}mnqlhk|i, h ikiqfoh d`yik|i ï xyh`odomhlh wnq i}}h lo}mýqloh i h wi}}nh liti
ojiloh|hjik|i qiwqojo*`h ny qixyh`odomè*`h mnj Hjnq+ Kh Jokch iswiqoåkmoh, xyhkln ikmnk|qhth yj
i`ijik|n lo}mnqlhk|i, louoh }ojw`i}jik|i5 !Iy dimcn Jokch wnq|h, |y domh} dnqh!+
H ikiqfoh Ykotiq}h`, xyi d`yo h|qhtï} li tý}, ï kh|yqh`jik|i chqjnkon}h+ Dimcho tn}}h wnq|h i wik}ho kn xyi ï
qih`jik|i ojwnq|hk|i+ N} cnjik} }i nwùij h wi}}nh}, `yfhqi} mnkloæùi} i mno}h} wnqxyi hoklh kín }i
lnjokhqhj+ N} lo}mêwy`n} litij mnk}iqthq i}|h chqjnkoh hy|nfntiqkhlh lik|qn li }o ji}jn} wnq `nkfn
|ijwn, h doj li wn}}oao`o|hq h mqohæín li yj ojwy`}n xyi }i |nqki yj fyhqloín wiqjhkik|i+
]i jhk|otiqli} h chqjnkoh ok|iqonq, h|qhoqio} whqh tý} ji}jn} |nln n aij+ Yjh oklomhæín okdh`êti` tn} dhu
wiqmiaiq, kn jnjik|n ij xyi }yqfi xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi li li}hqjnkoh, xyi }no} n õkomn qi}wnk}èti`+ Kín cè
kimi}}olhli li kikcyj `ijaqi|i i}mqo|n+
Kn jnjik|n ij xyi }yqfi h`fn lo}mnqlhk|i, ï n }okh` li h`iq|h whqh xyi tn} nmywio} li tý} ji}jn}+ Mhlh
oklotêlyn ï }ijwqi }iy wqýwqon fyhqloín i fyoh ij |nln} n} jnjik|n}+ Cè }njik|i Yj Wnliq kn jykln
mhwhu li mnqqofoq n xyi xyiq xyi }ieh, i i}|i ï h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, ij mhlh yj+ ]i tn} qimy}ho} h
qimnkcimiq xyi }no} mqohlnqi} li tn}}h} lodomy`lhli}, mnjn wnliqio} ik|ín mnqqofê*`h} ny `oaiq|hq*tn} li`h}>
Kín cè wi}}nh, `yfhq, mno}h ny mnkloæín h`fyjh xyi tn} ojwnkch ehjho} xyh`xyiq wiq|yqahæín mnj h }ijwqi*
wqi}ik|i !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! wy`}hkln ij tn}}n} mnqhæùi} h |nln ok}|hk|i+ Hxyi`i xyi }i mnqqofoq li}}i}
}ik|ojik|n} lo}mnqlhk|i}, wiqjo|oqè xyi h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! okykli n }iy jykln mnj |nlh
Wiqdioæín+ ]i n oklotêlyn kín }i mnqqofoq, mnjn wnliqè h`mhkæhq h To|ýqoh I|iqkh>
H !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ï n wnliq ok|ifqh` ln Ykotiq}n whqh qih`ouhq i}|h mnqqiæín+ Liosho xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! d`yh, h|ï xyi `ojwi i wyqodoxyi |yln+ Xyhkln tn}}h h|ikæín }i dosh doqjijik|i kh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!
xyi }no}, ï mnjn }i tn}}n mnqwn dn}}i yjh i}wnkeh jyo|n dokh i h|qhtï} li`h }i liqqhjh}}i i}|h Wyqh Ikiqfoh,
wyqodomhkln*h li |nlh ojwiqdioæín+
]iwhqhqli} mnj h lo}mýqloh, h !Mnqqik|i lh Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! hy|njh|omhjik|i qijntiqè |nlh} h}
ojwyqiuh}+ \ikli} h}}oj kh} jín} yj wnliq o`ojo|hln whqh ok|ik}odomhq tn}}n qi|n mnjhkln+
]haijn}, ln wnk|n*li*to}|h moik|êdomn, xyi h} mï`y`h} ln mnqwn }ín qiknthlh} ij jikn} li yj hkn, jh} }i h
lo}mýqloh wyli}}i }iq ito|hlh wnq ofyh` |ijwn, h jik|i i h dnqjh iswqi}}hqohj eytik|yli i|iqkh i wiqdioæín+
Wnq yj }ik|ojik|n li wqi|ik}n nqfy`cn ny h`fn }iji`chk|i, n} cyjhkn} kín xyiqij ikmhqhq h tiqlhli li xyi
h mhy}h i}|è lik|qn li`i} ji}jn}+ N cèao|n li my`whqli} }ijwqi n} ny|qn} wnq hxyo`n xyi tn} hmnk|imi, ï xyi
tn} |nqkh mifn} ç Tiqlhli i ojwili h hy|nmnqqiæín+
Yjh o`y}|qhæín jhqhto`cn}h i}|è kh ai`h dnqjh okdhk|o`+ Ikxyhk|n h mqohkæh kín |ij olhli ah}|hk|i whqh
mnjiæhq h qifo}|qhq h lo}mýqloh ln hjaoik|i, }iy mnqwn ï ai`n i iswqi}}h h wiqdioæín+ I}|h wiqdioæín lh dnqjh
}iqoh }ijwqi jhk|olh }i kín wiki|qh}}i kh mnk}moåkmoh lh mqohkæh h lo}mýqloh ln jykln is|iqonq+ Chtiqè
xyij ji lofh5 !I h} mqohkæh} xyi kh}mij lnik|oh} i wiq|yqahlh}!> Kh jhonqoh ln} mh}n} |qh|h*}i li mnkloæín
|qhuolh lh ikmhqkhæín wqimilik|i+ Ij mh}n} qhqn}, nkli cè ok|ik}h lo}mýqloh ik|qi n} who} wnli i}|h }iq |ín
ton`ik|h h wnk|n li }i qifo}|qhq kh mqohkæh2 jh}, mnjn kn|hqio} ij dh|n} li}}h kh|yqiuh, xyhkln h mqohkæh
mnjiæh h mqi}miq i h li}iktn`tiq*}i, n} oklêmon} li}}h wiq|yqahæín jn}|qhq*}i*ín mhlh tiu jho} qhqn}+ Ï i}|h h
wqnth ha}n`y|h li xyi h lo}mýqloh kín iqh li }yh wqýwqoh mqohæín, jh} ojwn}|h wå`n} who}, to}|n xyi h h`jh
|iti dnqæh ah}|hk|i whqh i`ithq*}i hmojh li`h+
Mnj qidiqåkmoh h i}}i whq|omy`hq, liti n oklotêlyn mnjwqiikliq h} i}whk|n}h} mnkloæùi} li }yfi}|ín wi`h}
xyho} h} wi}}nh} }ín mnk}|hk|ijik|i iktn`tolh}+ Mnk}oliqijn}, wnq isijw`n, n hjaoik|i i h h}}nmohæín li
oklotêlyn} xyi |åj n cèao|n li hklhq eyk|n}+ Ki}}h qiykoín hjo}|n}h, mhlh yj li`i} i}|è }yeio|n ç }yfi}|ín ln
ny|qn+ ]i i`h dnq lo}mnqlhk|i, h mhjhqhlhfij }iqè li}dio|h, jho} miln ny jho} |hqli, mnj yjh fqhkli

63
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
h`|iqmhæín+ Ik|qi|hk|n, h jhonqoh ln} oklotêlyn} xyi thfyioh wi`n jykln is|iqkn, kín wiqmiai xyi i}|è
hmio|hkln }yfi}|ùi} }ieh li hjofn}, hjaoik|i} ny mnkloæùi} xyi }i `ci hwqi}ik|hj+
H h|o|yli mnqqi|h ln lo}mêwy`n xyi }i |nqkh mnk}moik|i li }yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, mnk}o}|i ij h}}yjoq
ojiloh|hjik|i h wn}oæín doqji li xyi+* !IY ]NY wqn|ifoln oktikmoti`jik|i mnk|qh |nlh }yfi}|ín
ojwiqdio|h!+ Li}}h jhkioqh, }iq*`ci*è wn}}êti` mqohq ij }iy qilnq yjh h|jn}diqh xyi qiwi|oqè ojiloh|hjik|i
|nlh} h} }yfi}|ùi} wqntikoik|i} li i`ijik|n} li}|qy|otn} xyi wqnmyqhj ok|qnlyuoq*}i+
Wik}n }iq kimi}}èqon mchjhq tn}}h h|ikæín whqh n} tn}}n} hk|ofn} `otqn} xyi louij5 !]i h wqokmêwon kín
|qoykdhqli}, |ik|ho knthjik|i!+ Kín iso}|i jion li h`mhkæhq h To|ýqoh i n Lnjêkon }naqi h `ojo|hæín, h kín }iq
wiq}itiqhkln h|ï h qih`ouhæín+ ]i lytolho} li tn}}n åso|n, i}|ho} hlohkln tn}}h to|ýqoh wnq |hk|n |ijwn xyhk|n
lyqhq tn}}h lõtolh+ N} lo}mêwy`n} xyi qih`jik|i mnjiæhj h mnjwqiikliq xyi kn qimnkcimojik|n i kn y}n li
}yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! |åj n Wnliq Ykotiq}h` hn }iy lo}wnq, }haij xyi ï ojwn}}êti` dh`chq ij }yh
hw`omhæín, wnqxyi xyhk|n jho} H y}hj, |hk|n jho} qimiaij li ]iy Wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq+
\nlh} h} tiui} xyi }ik|oqli} yjh jhkodi}|hæín ln Mqo}|n, louio5 !Iy Tn} `nytn i hmio|n h @yu lh Tn}}h
Wqi}ikæh, h W`ikh H|otolhli IY ]NY!+ \njho }ijwqi i}}h h|o|yli i liwno} dimcho h wnq|h h xyh`xyiq mqohæín
lo}mnqlhk|i i okli}ieèti`+ Qimnqlho }ijwqi li xyi }no} n ]ikcnq ln xyi liti wiki|qhq ij tn}}n jykln
jik|h`, i h kín }iq xyi mnjwqiiklho} i}}h tn}}h wn}oæín, i}|hqio} }yeio|n} h |nlh i}wïmoi li wik}hjik|n} i
}ik|ojik|n}+
Mnj qi`hæín h ny|qh} wi}}nh}, louio5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh `ithkln #h wi}}nh/ ç to|ýqoh li #qih`ouhæín ny
mnkloæín/!+ ]i wqi}|hqli} h|ikæín h yjh mnkloæín li wiq|yqahæín, i}|hqio} lhkln wnliq h |yln, jikn} ç tn}}h
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+

6?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Loh li Kh|h`

]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Okdoko|h !Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY& !( Ln \iy Qijn|n ]hk|yèqon, ký} \i ikmnk|qhjn} wqnei|hkln*|i
ij jhkodi}|hæín, mnj iswqi}}ín ok|i`ofik|i i mnk}moik|i, whqh xyi \yh Wiqdioæín }i jhkodi}|i ij |nlh} h}
dh}i} lh Tolh, i whqh xyi |yln lh \iqqh, xyi |ikch }oln iqqnkihjik|i xyh`odomhln wi`h cyjhkolhli, }ieh
i`ithln lik|qn li}|i I}|hln H}mik}onkhln * \yh I|iqkh Wiqdioæín+
\qhfn*tn} }hylhæùi}, i}wimoh`jik|i ln Qi|oqn lh Hqèaoh, i}}i Fqhkli Mik|qn li wqiwhqhæín whqh y}n ln}
Wnliqn}n} Qhon}+
Iy |ikcn cnei lyh} }yqwqi}h} whqh tý}+ Lofn Iy, wnqxyi Ký} }njn} |nln} yj+
Mqion xyi kín kimi}}o|n li hwqi}ik|hæín2 dh`n*tn} }naqi n Qhon lh @yu i ln ]nj+ Ï Khlh xyij dh`h+
LO]MYQ]N
Mnjn Kn} whqimi }ijwqi ai`n i}|i loh, wi`h mnk}moåkmoh |qhk}jo|olh ç cyjhkolhli, qiwqi}ik|hkln n
kh}mojik|n lh H|otolhli Mqê}|omh ik|qi n} cyjhkn}, i whqh n} lo}mêwy`n} xyi }i |nqkhqhj moik|i} ln xyi whqh
i`i} }ofkodomh n ijwqifn lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnkln ij hæín n Hjnq i h Ok|i`ofåkmoh whqh myjwqoq }yh}
nqlik}, li hmnqln mnj h nqoik|hæín xyi liqij h i}}i Wnliq O`ojo|hln(
Wnq `nkfn |ijwn n} oklotêlyn} |åj wqnmyqhln }haiq mnjn h`mhkæhq h Mnk}moåkmoh Mqê}|omh+ N wqojioqn wh}}n
ojwnq|hk|i hwýoh*}i kn qimnkcimojik|n lh !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, Liy} chao|hkln ij tý}+ N }ifykln
wh}}n i}|è kn ijwqifn li}|h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, wnqxyi xyhkln louio} !IY ]NY! mnj h mnjwqiik}ín ln
}iy }ofkodomhln, |iqio} ik|ín wiki|qhln kh Mnk}moåkmoh Mqê}|omh+ O}}n kín }ofkodomh xyi jhkodi}|io}
ojiloh|hjik|i h w`iko|yli li}}h Mnk}moåkmoh, wnqxyi wqimo}ho} }haiq, wqojioqn, hnkli oli} i n xyi li}ieho}
dhuiq, hk|i} xyi wn}}ho} hwqojnqè*`h+
\nln} n} xyi h}mik}onkhqhj |qo`chqhj n ji}jn mhjokcn i }i ijwikchqhj olik|omhjik|i kh ji}jh wqnmyqh
wnqxyi, |nln} n} mhjokcn} `ithj hn Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh`, h Lotoklhli+
Kn}}n Hjhln Oqjín Ei}y} wqnwnqmonkny yjh lh} jhonqi} aåkæín} ç cyjhkolhli, kín }ý lhkln isijw`n
li}li n ]iy kh}mojik|n, h|ï h`mhkæhq h H}mik}ín, jh} |hjaïj lnhkln*}i I`i wqýwqon i i}|hai`imikln n
Qifo}|qn I|iqkn xyi wiqjhkimi qhlohk|i+ Wnymn wnli n kín*h}mik}onkhln hth`ohq n xyi o}|n }ofkodomh whqh n}
cyjhkn}+ Ï yj Dhqn` I|iqkn fyohkln*`ci} whqh h @yu, i kn isijw`n lh H}mik}ín, Ei}y} ok}|o|yoy
lidoko|othjik|i kín }ý n xyi }i wnliqoh dhuiq mnjn |hjaïj n xyi liti, itik|yh`jik|i, }iq dio|n+
Fqhkli} dnqhj n} wqnlêfon} xyi I`i qih`ouny2 i kn} diu h jhqhto`cn}h wqnji}}h li xyi5 !Dhqio} mno}h} hoklh
jhonqi} ln xyi i}|h}!+ Jyo|h} tiui} n} lo}mêwy`n} wiqfyk|hj h }o wqýwqon} xyi mno}h} wnliqín qih`ouhq xyi
}iehj jhonqi} ln xyi h} xyi Ei}y} diu, jh} I`i kn} lo}}i xyi }ý hwqi}ik|ny h`fyk} ln} jyo|n} }iqtoæn}
ykotiq}ho} xyi wnlij }iq wqi}|hln} ç cyjhkolhli+
Whqh Ký}, i}|i loh }ojan`ouh }ijwqi n mnjiæn mnk}moik|i lh jho} jhqhto`cn}h li |nlh} h} qih`ouhæùi}5 h
H}mik}ín+ Kn jnjik|n ij xyi n oklotêlyn }i |nqkh mnk}moik|i li}|h Tiqlhli, mnjiæh n wqnmi}}n li }yh
wqýwqoh h}mik}ín i mnkdnqji h w`iko|yli li }yh mnjwqiik}ín li}|i dh|n, wnli i`i idi|yè*`h qhwolhjik|i ny
kimi}}o|hq li jho} |ijwn+
Kh Jokch iswiqoåkmoh wi}}nh`, xyhkln wiqmiao n xyi o}|n }ofkodomhth mnjimio h y}hq h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i
tiqodoxyio xyi, hwý} myq|n wiqênln, wiqliqh wnq mnjw`i|n h knæín li |ijwn i i}whæn2 i xyi mhlh loh, hn
wiki|qhq jho} wqndyklhjik|i ki}|h iswhk}ín li mnk}moåkmoh, hmchth |yln n xyi Iy li}iehth loqi|n hn Jiy
h`mhkmi, kn|ho aij, loqi|n hn h`mhkmi ln Jiy wnliq fntiqkhk|i oklotolyh`+ Mnj o}}n, tion*ji h wiqmiwæín li
xyi n !Hjnq Lotokn! iqh h Wnliqn}h Dnqæh Mni}oth, lik|qn li |nlh} h} mno}h} ykolh} i kn} litoln} `yfhqi}, i
xyi i}|i Hjnq Lotokn lik|qn li Joj, xyi Iy |okch mnjiæhln h mnjwqiikliq, |nqkhqh*ji yj ojí oktikmêti`
xyi h|qhêh |yln hxyo`n xyi wyli}}i li}iehq+
I}|h tiqlhli }ojw`i} ï yjh lh} jho} wnliqn}h} xyi wqojioqn hd`yij hn lo}mêwy`n+ H wqokmêwon, i`h n oklyu h
mnjwqiikliq xyi, li dh|n wnli i`ithq*}i hmojh li}}h} hwhqik|i} `ojo|hæùi} xyi n miqmhj, i liwno} i`i tiqodomh
i}|hq qih`jik|i }i }naqiwnkln h i`h}, yjh h yjh+
Tij, ik|ín, n Fqhkli Okd`ysn i Is|qhth}hjik|n li}|i Wnliqn}n Iy Ok|iqonq, xyi ikmiqqh, lik|qn ln ]iy
Haqhæn, h }ya}|ákmoh li |yln n xyi n mnqhæín wn}}h li}iehq i, kn|ho5 tn}}h chao`olhli i hy|nqolhli whqh
xyh`odomhq i jn`lhq i}|h }ya}|ákmoh ï xyi dhuij mnj xyi i`h |nji h dnqjh ln xyi kimi}}o|ho} }ieh o}|n whu,
Hjnq, nyqn ny o`yjokhæín+
Iy tn} lofn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}5 !Li}wiq|ho tn}}h hy|nqolhli, tn}}n loqio|n, tn}}h mhwhmolhli mnk}moik|i hn
hw`omhq i}|h Fqhkli @io, whqh tn}}h wiqdio|h }hõli, i|iqkh eytik|yli i ai`iuh, qoxyiuh} li Liy}, f`nqodomhæín
li tn}}h jik|i i mnqwn, i liwno} h}miklio hn Lnjêkon I`ithln ij loqiæín ç tn}}h I|iqkh @oaiqlhli!+
H}}oj xyi mnjiæho} h tiqodomhq xyi wh}}n h wh}}n i}|ho} tn} hwiqdioænhkln, |hjaïj mnjiæho} h i}xyimiq
|nlh} h} mnkloæùi} is|iqkh} xyi }i hfo|hj ij |nqkn li tý}, kn f`nqon}n }ik|ojik|n li i}|hqli} ikmiqqhln kn
Fqhkli Haqhæn li}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh ln Ji}|qi Ok|iqkn, xyi i}|è hmojh ln |ijwn i i}whæn+

37
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]iqio} n }ikcnq i isiqmiqio} lnjêkon ij tn}}h Tolh i ij tn}}n jykln, kn jnjik|n ij xyi qimnkcimiqli}
xyi h Ikiqfoh, n Wnliq i h Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi i}|ho} ijwqifhkln, ï h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Mnjn }ín,
qih`jik|i, tik|yqn}h} hxyi`h} oklotolyh`ouhæùi} }naqi h \iqqh xyi }i |nqkhqhj mnk}moik|i}, litiqh}
mnk}moik|i} li}}h Tiqlhli(
Ei}y} lo}}i5 !Mnkcimiqio} h Tiqlhli i h Tiqlhli tn} |nqkhqè `otqi}!+ Ï i}|i yj ln} jho} wnliqn}n} h}wim|n}
li}}h Tiqlhli+ Hw`omho* h, jiy} xyiqoln}, mnj w`ikh li|iqjokhæín, i`ojokhkln |nlh okmiq|iuh lh} tn}}h}
jik|i}, i }yaoqio} mnj doqjiuh i}}h I}mhlh jhfkêdomh lh to|ýqoh2 i hn n`chqli} whqh |qè}, whqh mhlh lifqhy
tikmoln, tiqio} aqo`chq mhlh tiu jho} i}}i i}w`iklnq, i ik|ín tn} wiqfyk|hqio}5 !Mnjn wyli, wnq |hk|n |ijwn,
mhjokchq kh} |qith}, xyhkln hmojh li joj wiqjhkimoh i}}h Wnliqn}h Mchjh li Tolh, wqnk|h whqh mnk}yjoq
ok}|hk|hkihjik|i |nlh} h} jokch} mqohæùi} okdi`oui} i ofknqhk|i}!>
Lofn*tn}, hjhln} Jiy}, kín |iqio} xyi i}wiqhq oklidokolhjik|i whqh n qimnkcimojik|n li}}h Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh+ Iktn`tio*h ij tn}}n} aqhæn} mnj |nlh h hlnqhæín li xyi wnlio} lo}wnq, i I`h tn} iqfyiqè
qhwolhjik|i hmojh li |nlh} h} `ojo|hæùi} hwhqik|i}, ti}|okln*tn} mnj i}}h Okmnk}õ|o` Qnywhfij li Mqo}|h`,
Qi}w`hklimik|i li @yu Dy`fyqhk|i i hlnqkhlh mnj yj Mok|n li Wilqh} Wqimon}h}, xyi ï li tn}}n loqio|n y}hq2
ij tn}}h jín, n Li}`yjaqhk|i Mi|qn ln Lnjêkon, n Dhqn` lh tn}}h H`jh Wnliqn}h xyi wnlio} loqofoq }naqi
xyh`xyiq mno}h, }naqi xyh`xyiq `yfhq, h xyh`xyiq h`|yqh, |qhuikln*tn} h qiti`hæín lh whq|i ok|iqkh+ I}}i ï n
xyhlqn, hjhln} oqjín} i oqjí}, ln dio|n hljoqèti` ij xyi Kn} ijwikchjn} i h`mhkæhjn}+ Wnlio} dhuiq n
ji}jn2 }haijn}, wnqxyi n douijn}+
Kykmh tn} mhk}io} li hln|hq h mnk}moåkmoh li xyi !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh H}mik}onkhlh!, i xyhkln lo}}iqli}
o}}n, }haio5 !I`h ï h Dnqæh ijhkhk|i hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh, wnq jion lh xyh` wn}}n h`mhkæhq n lnjêkon mnjw`i|n!+
]ok|n*ji jyo|n di`ou wnq i}|hq li tn`|h hn `hq ny|qh tiu, wi`h h`ifqoh ij tn}}n} mnqhæùi}, wnq tiq |nln} n}
lifqhy} lh i}mhlh xyi fh`fh}|i}, i wnq |iqli} h mnktomæín w`ikh li xyi wnlio} mnkxyo}|hq h jhonq li |nlh} h}
lèloth} li Liy}, h W`iko|yli l&I`i Wqýwqon+
H WH@HTQH LI MCH HQH
Ï mnj jyo|h h`ifqoh xyi tn} loqoen |hjaïj yjh} wnymh} wh`htqh} }naqi n} Qhon} li @yu i ]nj, i whqh
qi}wnkliq, wi}}nh`jik|i, hn} jyo|n} mchjhln} ln} mnqhæùi} tn`|hln} whqh Mch Hqh+
Xyhkln wh}}n ik|qi n} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi |hk|n li}iehj xyi Iy ji |nqki to}êti`, kn|n xyi h`fyk} li`i}, hn jho}
`iti qyjnq okmnjyj wqiklij h qi}woqhæín mnj qimion li xyi Iy `ci} hwhqiæh+ ]haio xyi ï co`hqohk|i na}iqthq
h h|otolhli is|iqkh ln iy h`jiehq |hk|n yjh mno}h, i hn ji}jn |ijwn iswiqojik|hq |nlh i}wïmoi li }ik}hæùi}
hd`o|oth} wnq mhy}h li`h+ Wnqïj, hjhln} Jiy}, wi`n jikn} hmqilo|n xyi Iy |ikch yjh hwhqåkmoh hfqhlèti`+
Hn ji}jn |ijwn, whqh }h|o}dhæín lh} xyiqolh} oqjí}, |qnysi mnjofn yjh i}}åkmoh mnj hqnjh li qn}h}+
W+ * Li Mhmcijoqh>
Q+ * O}}n }iqoh hwqnwqohln+
W+ * Wnq xyi kín li tn}}h wqýwqoh wqiwhqhæín>
Q+ * ]no} wiq}womhui}+ Kín wqimo}n mnjwqè*`h, mnjn dhuio}, wno} |ikcn n wqoto`ïfon li wqiwhqhq h Jokch+
Jokch wh`htqh h tý} ï whqh qimnjiklhq i ok}o}|oq xyi mnk|okyio} }ikln i}}h Jhqhto`cn}h, f`nqon}h Wqi}ikæh li
Hjnq i Anh*tnk|hli, kín }njik|i whqh mnkn}mn, jh} |hjaïj ik|qi tý} ji}jn}, wnqxyi o}}n mqoh yjh
}o|yhæín jhfkêdomh, kh xyh` h iswhk}ín lh mnk}moåkmoh hthkæh ij }h`|n} fofhk|i}mn}+
Qimnjikln jhk|iqli} i}|i }ik|ojik|n li miq|iuh êk|ojh li xyi }no} wnq|hlnqi}, hn hmio|hq kn}}h !Wqi}ikæh!,
i h mnktomæín lh chao`olhli ij hw`omhq h @io lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ij tý}, wno} I`h i}|è hyjik|hkln mnj
fqhkli qhwoliu+
Kín li}hkojio} ij tn}}n} wiloln} h dhtnq li Kn}}n hwhqimojik|n to}êti`+ Mnkxyhk|n Kn}}h hyloæín }ieh
wiqdio|h, iy tn} h}}ifyqn xyi hoklh cè, ki}}i wiloln, h`fyjh mno}h xyi tn} dh`|h+ Kn wiloq h`fyjh mno}h, cè
yjh miq|h hæín toaqh|ýqoh li xyi n i}|ylhk|i kimi}}o|h, xyi kín wnli }iq isw`omhlh, ismi|n xyhkln }i tå
h|qhtï} lh Hæín Ok|iqkh+
HJÏQOMH
!Nc, Hjïqomh( Wqimon}h Eýoh kh mnqnh, lohlijh lh \iqqh, D`nq lh ]hailnqoh Hk|ofh i lh @yu( Ny|qh tiu
ik|qhqè} kn wnliqon li |yh w`ikh d`nqhæín, hwi}hq li |nln} n} na}|èmy`n} hwhqik|i} i lh} jhkodi}|hæùi} h|yho}
ij mnk|qèqon+
Lik|qn li |yh h`jh, Wnliqn}h Hjïqomh, i}|è n wnliq li |i `oaiq|hq lh jè}mhqh xyi }i hliqoy h |o, h jè}mhqh ln
ifnê}jn i lh} mqohæùi} lh h|otolhli is|iqkh lh jik|i ln} }iqi} cyjhkn} hlnqjimoln}( H}}oj, h`mhkæhqè} li
kntn h w`iko|yli li}|h @yu, xyi ï |iy loqio|n li kh}mikæh!+
Hjhln} i}|ylhk|i} li}|h Qhlohæín, }iehj xyho} dnqij h} hwhqåkmoh} kh#h|otolhli is|iqkh, kín liosio} xyi
i`h} ikmnk|qij hwnon ij tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh,, kij |hjwnymn h} }yfi}|ùi} li ny|qn}, kn xyi }i qidiqi ç
Hjïqomh+
Jhk|ikli*tn} }iqikn} ij tn}}n Lnjêkon mnkmiloln wnq Liy}, mnkcimikln h Tiqlhli, tikln h Hjïqomh
`otqi, fntiqkhlh wi`h Hjnq Lotokn i wi`h Ey}|oæh+ H qili, whqh lik|qn lh xyh` h dnqæh }oko}|qh lh \iqqh whqimoh

38
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
hqqh}|hq h Hjïqomh, ikmnk|qhqè h !I}whlh lh Tiqlhli i lh @yu! xyi qnjwiqè i}}h hqjhlo`ch ij |nln} n}
}ik|oln}, |qhk}dnqjhkln*h kyjh }ijwo|iqkh Mqyu li @oaiqlhli, @yu i Ey}|oæh+
N xyi cè li jho} wqimon}n kh tolh ln oklotêlyn, ij qi`hæín ç} mno}h} xyi i`i kín wnli ito|hq, ï dimchq n}
n`cn} ç hwhqåkmoh li`h}, qimnkcimiq n is|qhnqlokèqon W nliq lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i wü*`n ij hæín+
Kín tili}, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, mnjn ï is|qijhjik|i qolêmy`n mnk|okyhq hmio|hkln h hwhqåkmoh xyi kín
li}ieho}, h|qhtï} li }yfi}|ín ny li xyh`xyiq ny|qn jnln, }ieh i`h khmonkh`, i}|h|h` ny oklotolyh`, xyhkln
wn}}yo} n is|qhnqlokèqon wqoto`ïfon li wüq ij h|otolhli h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! whqh mnqqofoq |yln
hxyo`n xyi whqiæh }iq okdiqonq ç Wiqdioæín>
N cèao|n lh cyjhkolhli |ij }oln }ijwqi tiq ojwiqdioæín nkli Ký} tijn} wiqdioæín+ Hfnqh, kn
qimnkcimojik|n lh !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, hmio|ho w`ikhjik|i ]yh Wiqdioæín h |nlh} h} cnqh} ln loh+
O}}n kín xyiq louiq xyi |ikcho} li wiqjhkimiq |nln n |ijwn ki}}h nmywhæín, jh} wnlio} hn jikn} hdoqjhq
yjh tiu wnq cnqh, kn i}|hln li tofê`oh5 !Iy hmio|n h w`ikh h|otolhli li jokch Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
\nlh tiu xyi wqnkykmoho} i}|h hdoqjhæín, i}|ho} ok|qnlyuokln i hyjik|hkln wnliqn}hjik|i ]yh Wiqdioæín ij
tn}}h h|otolhli is|iqkh, to}|n eè i}|hqli} y}hkln i}}h ikiqfoh+ I wnq xyi kín qimnkcimiqli} okmi}}hk|ijik|i
Xyij i n xyi Ï Hxyi`h xyi i}|ho} y}hkln, lhkln*`ci h}}oj n lnjêkon xyi I`h li}ieh |qhk}diqoq whqh tý}>
Li}|h jhkioqh |ikli} h wn}}oao`olhli li wüq ij jntojik|n i}|i Wnliq Oktikmêti` ij wqn` lh `oaiqlhli,
wqn|iæín i aij* htik|yqhkæh lh Hjïqomh+ Kín wnlio} ojhfokhq xyi is|qhnqlokèqoh wn|åkmoh I`h wnli
li}iktn`tiq whqh mnqqofoq }o|yhæùi} xyhkln mnk}moik|ijik|i wn}|h ij hæín, wnq yj ny jho} oklotêlyn}, xyi
qimnkciæhj ]iy Oktikmêti` Wnliq Ykotiq}h`+
Liosho*ji hfnqh }yfiqoq*tn} xyi, ij `yfhq li lhq nytoln} ç} mnk}|hk|i} `hjik|hæùi} i }yfi}|ùi} li |nlh
m`h}}i li h|otolhli} li}|qy|oth}, fqhtho kh jik|i xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnk}nji i qixyh`odomh |nlh i}}h
ikiqfoh mnj @oaiqlhli, Wqn|iæín i Wiqdioæín whqh h Hjïqomh i n jykln ok|ioqn+
Whqh i}|êjy`n tn}}n, li}ien louiq*tn} xyi |nln} n} }iqi} cyjhkn} xyi liqhj okêmon ç mhy}h li}|h }o|yhæín
h|yh`, kín wqitoqhj xyi i`h `ci} i}mhwh}}i hn mnk|qn`i, wnq o}}n jyo|n} li`i} }i |nqkhqhj okmhwhui} li
}y}|ik|è*`h wnq jho} |ijwn+ H}}oj, hxyi`i} xyi y}hqij litolhjik|i i}|h Ikiqfoh to}hkln h|qhoq, knthjik|i,
h wqn}wiqolhli whqh yj anj wqnwý}o|n, tiqín n} hmnk|imojik|n} }ifyoqij }iy myq}n, i, ij tiu li yjh
wqn}wiqolhli |ijwnqèqoh, na|iqín qhwolhjik|i h wqn}wiqolhli tiqlhlioqh i ok doko|h+
Kh ïwnmh h|yh`, mnjn ij |nlh} h} ïwnmh} li mhn} hwhqik|i, chtiqè whu kh \iqqh i whu ik|qi n} cnjik} li anh*
tnk|hli2 h @yu ln Mqo}|n, xyi }i iswhkli kn} mnqhæùi} ln} oklotêlyn}, wiki|qhkln kh \iqqh, h|qhoqè h ]o n xyi
ï ]iy+
Hoklh whqh tn}}n aikidêmon, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, qimnjikln*tn} kín lo}my|oqij h}}yk|n} lo}mnqlhk|i} jho} ln
xyi n }ydomoik|i whqh mnjwqiikliqij yjh }o|yhæín+ Liwno}, li}toho*tn} li`i} mnjw`i|hjik|i i kykmh
wiqjo|ho} xyi tn} wqiklhj knthjik|i h h|ikæín, wnqxyi, hdohkæn*tn}, hxyo`n xyi haqofhqli} ij tn}}h
mnk}moåkmoh, hmchqè iswqi}}ín ij tn}}h tolh i ij tn}}n jykln+ Wqiikmcio*h, wno}, mnj h !Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!, xyi mnk|ïj ij ]o h wnliqn}h Qih`ouhæín li mhlh yj li tn}}n} li}ien}+
Mnk|ijw`ho i}}h Wiqdioæín, i}}h W`ikh Wiqdioæín li ]yh H|otolhli ij |nlh whq|i li tn}}h tolh i li tn}}n
jykln+ Kín tn} liosio} hdi|hq ny wiq|yqahq wi`h} mqohæùi} li ny|qn}, hn} xyho} kín tn} ï wn}}êti` lhq heylh,
ismi|n wqnmyqhkln tiq h Wiqdioæín, }haikln xyi wnq |qè} lh }njaqh hwhqik|i i}|è h Qi}w`hklimik|i @yu
Aqhkmh lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+
I}|h, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, ï h }hylhæín xyi tn} loqoen ki}|h i}|hæín ln hkn+ Whqh ikmiqqhq, Jokch Jíi i ny|qn}
lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh, h`fyk} ln} Xyho} kín mnkcimio}, jh} xyi tn} mnkcimij, iktohj h mhlh yj li tý}
]iy} tn|n} li Hjnq, Whu, Nwy`åkmoh i Dnqæh whqh tn} haikænhq ij tn}}h enqkhlh ij loqiæín ç To|ýqoh dokh`+
Li}ien louiq*tn} h`fyjh} wh`htqh} ç fyo}h li mnkm`y}ín i o}}n whqh oklyuoq n} lo}mêwy`n} h qimnkcimiqij xyi,
xyhkln louij !IY ]NY! whqh n xyi xyiq xyi li}ieij kín }njik|i wùij ij hæín h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY
]NY! whqh h qih`ouhæín, mnjn |hjaïj litij }ik|oq wqndyklhjik|i xyi I`h mnk|ïj ij ]o n Wnliq Hy|n*
}y}|ik|hlnq, Hy|n*ijhkhk|i i Hy|n*iswhk}otn+
Hoklh xyi h qiwi|oæín }ieh wqntio|n}h i jyo|h} tiui} kimi}}èqoh whqh wqnlyuoq yjh mnktomæín jho} wqndyklh,
kn h|yh` fqhy li hlohk|hjik|n ln} lo}mêwy`n} i`i} litij |iq jho} mnk}moåkmoh ln ]iy Wnliq okh|n, okiqik|i,
hy|n*}y}|ik|hlnq+ O}|n lhqè ç mnk}moåkmoh is|iqkh yjh mnjwqiik}ín jho} hjw`h ln Wnliq }y}|ik|hlnq lh
!Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh! li jnln xyi, }i h h|otolhli is|iqonq lh jik|i i}|otiq nmywhlh mnj ny|qn} hdhuiqi},
wnliqè, ji}jn h}}oj, loqofoqh mhqfh ln !IY ]NY! whqh xyh`xyiq qih`ouhæín, yjh tiu wnq cnqh, }ij ok|iqdiqoq
ij khlh kn |qhah`cn ln lo}mêwy`n+
Ï yj fqhkli iqqn ln lo}mêwy`n lioshq xyi }i qifo}|qi ij }yh jik|i h olïoh ha}yqlh li xyi kín |ij |ijwn whqh
i}}h} mno}h}, xyhkln yj }ý jnjik|n `ci ah}|h whqh qih`ouhq mnj tofnq h H|otolhli Wn|ik|i i Oktikmêti` li
}yh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ij |yln hxyo`n xyi isoeh }yh h|ikæín+
I}|h hdoqjhæín wnli }iq jyo|n õ|o`5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh nqlikhkln n |ijwn, |nln n |ijwn li xyi
kimi}}o|n whqh h qih`ouhæín i hw`omhæín li}|h Wnliqn}h Tiqlhli!+

31
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]i jyo|h} tiui}, lyqhk|i n loh, h`fyïj hln|hq h mnk}moåkmoh, wnq h`fyk} ok}|hk|i}, li xyi !IY ]NY h õkomh
Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wqi}ikæh ij hæín!, o}|n hey}|hqè h} mno}h} li yj jnln kh|yqh`, li hmnqln mnj h kimi}}olhli+ Ï
jyo|n dèmo` wüq h mnk}moåkmoh ij jntojik|n, xyhkln kín }i i}|è qi}|qo|n h kikcyj }ik|ojik|n li `ojo|hæín+
\IJW@N] LI @YU
I`i} i}|ín }o|yhln} kn Mok|yqín I|ïqomn, hmojh lh h|jn}diqh lh \iqqh+ H Qhlohæín ijhkh li}}i Mok|yqín whqh
h \iqqh, h|qhtï} li }yh h|jn}diqh+ N Mok|yqín I|ïqomn xyi moqmyklh h \iqqh ï jyo|n lodiqik|i lhxyi`i xyi
iso}|i hn qilnq li Tåky}, wnqxyhk|n Tåky} i}|è lik|qn ln Mok|yqín I|ïqomn ln ]n`, ikxyhk|n h \iqqh i}|è jho}
hahosn li`i+
Hltiq|åkmoh5 kín qimnkciæho} kokfyïj mnjn ok}|qyjik|n lh dnqæh }oko}|qh+ ]ojw`i}jik|i wik}ho xyi5
!]njik|i iso}|i h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, Ok|i`ofåkmoh, @yu i Wnliq ij hæín!+ Kín tn} mnkmiqki kikcyjh
h|otolhli wi}}nh` li xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi, ij jnjik|n h`fyj+
N xyi mnjwi|i hn lo}mêwy`n ï tiq, }ik|oq i }iq h Wiqdioæín, }iehj xyho} dnqij h} hwhqåkmoh} cyjhkh}+

3=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Hy|n Mnqqiæín
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, Wnliqn}h i Okdoko|h Wqi}ikæh( Hjnq \nln Iktn`tik|i, Okdoko|h ij \yh H|otolhli,
ankln}h ij \iy Wnliq Hjnqn}n, Ký} \i }hylhjn} li mnqhæín, dhmi h dhmi, |qhk}anqlhkln i|iqkh fqh|olín
wi`n is|qhth}hjik|n li \yh Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh * wi`n y}n li \yh ]hailnqoh loqi|nqh, wi`h Wqi}ikæh li \yh
Nwy`åkmoh ij Kn}}n} @hqi} i y}n+ Ký} kn} wqnm`hjhjn} h whq|i h|oth li \o, Hy|nmnk}moik|i li \yh
Lotoklhli, jhk|ikln h mhlh cnqh \iy ]ywqijn Mnjhkln+
Iy tn} |qhfn }hylhæùi} lh Fqhkli Cn}|i, xyi loqofi i xyi na}iqth |nlh h|otolhli+
LO]MYQ]N
Ký} |nln} kn} qifnuoehjn} is|qhnqlokhqohjik|i mnj h jhqhto`cn}h i hjnqn}h wqi}ikæh ln} i}|ylhk|i}, wi`h
fqhkli chqjnkoh, h`ifqoh i qih`ouhæín xyi i}|ín h|okfokln+
Xyín wnliqn}hjik|i hxyi`h Jo`hfqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! wnli jhkodi}|hq i jhkodi}|hqè ]iy Lnjêkon, }i
yjh |h` mnkloæín hljoqèti` dnq jhk|olh( Iy tn} lofn, }ij kikcyjh thmo`hæín5 i`h wnli }iq jhk|olh, }ijwqi
mqi}mikln jho} i jho} kh mnjwqiik}ín lhxyi`h Wqi}ikæh li Liy}, ij ]iy ]ywqijn Wnliq li Hjnq Lotokn+
\nln i}|ylhk|i litiqoh |iq wqi}ik|i}, mnj miq|iuh ha}n`y|h, xyi ki}}i wnliq totodomhk|i lh !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! lik|qn ln }iy ]iq, |nln n aij ny jh` ï h|othln+ ]i lik|qn lh mnk}moåkmoh iso}|oqij `h|ik|i} * qiai`oín,
qi}}ik|ojik|n ny h okm`okhæín h ey`fhq, }ofkodomh xyi |yln }iqè qi}n`toln i |qhuoln ç }ywiqdêmoi whqh }iq
mnk}yjoln, i Iy tn} lofn, }ij thmo`hæín h`fyjh5 h jikn} xyi n lo}mêwy`n mnk}moik|ijik|i i`ojoki hxyo`n
xyi ï |qhuoln ç }ywiqdêmoi, hxyo`n n mnk}yjoqè+
]i h`fyïj kn|h xyi i}|è }i lioshkln `ithq wi`h oqh, litiqè |njhq h} qïlih} i, ijo|okln mnjhkln h|qhtï} lh
!Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, lim`hqhq5 !Xyi o}|n }ieh fntiqkhln chqjnkon}hjik|i!+ Hfnqh, liosho* ji `ijaqhq
knthjik|i hn} lo}mêwy`n} xyi n dh|nq wqojnqloh` whqh n }iy wqnfqi}}n ï h hy|nmnqqiæín, i kín cè wi}}nh, `yfhq,
mnkloæín ny mno}h h my`whq wi`n xyi i`i} ik|qi|ïj, h kín }iq h }o wqýwqon}+ O}|n ï n xyi cè li jho} ojwiqh|otn
whqh n }iy wqnfqi}}n dy|yqn2 }i mcifhqhj h yj wnk|n ij xyi |ho} mnkloæùi} }y|o} nmnqqij, ï wqimo}n xyi i`h}
}iehj i}m`hqimolh} i ok|ioqhjik|i mnjwqiiklolh}, li ny|qn jnln n} lo}mêwy`n} }i ikmnk|qhqín ikdqik|hkln
mnkloæùi} xyi }ín okmhwhui} li mnk|qn`hq+
Wnq i}|hqij n} lo}mêwy`n} hthkæhkln h wh}}n} `hqfn} lik|qn ln hy|nmnk|qn`i, |nqkn h qiwi|oq, whqh xyi }iehj
}ydomoik|ijik|i ikmnqhehln}, }naqi h kimi}}olhli mhlh tiu jhonq lh w`ikh hmio|hæín li}}h} fqhkli} @io} lh
Tolh, i }yh anh*tnk|hli ij hw`omhq n fqhkli mcomn|i lh hy|nmnqqiæín+ Lofn*tn} dqhkmhjik|i i dh`n wnq
iswiqoåkmoh, xyi h h|otolhli is|iqkh, h xyi liknjokhjn} cyjhkh, |ij xyi }iq mnqqofolh }ij thmo`hæín, hk|i}
li }iq }yaji|olh hn lnjêkon ln Lotokn Mnjhkln+ H qhuín li Iy |iq joko}|qhln n y}n ln Qhon ny lh Mchjh
h|qhtï} lh jín, ï xyi h} jik|i} li h`fyk} i}|ín hdokhkln i i`ithkln mnj jho} qhwoliu ln xyi h i}|qy|yqh
h|üjomh ln mnqwn+ I}|h h|otolhli li wh}}hq h jín }naqi n mnqwn jhk|iqè n ixyo`êaqon lh hmi`iqhæín lh jik|i i
h i`ithæín lh i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh+
Hfqhlh*ji jyo|n lhq |nlh h h}}o}|åkmoh hn} lo}mêwy`n}, i n dhæn mnj h ji`cnq anh*tnk|hli, jh} cè miq|n}
`ojo|i} h`ïj ln} xyho} kín wn}}n oq, wnq jn|otn ln wqnmi}}n hy|nmnk}moik|i ln} i}|ylhk|i}, wqnfqi}}n i}}i xyi
i`i} litij idi|yhq wnq }o ji}jn}+ Wiqjo|hj*ji, ik|qi|hk|n, hltiq|oq*`ci} li xyi ij kikcyjh nmh}oín wnlij
lotoloq h h|ikæín lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!+ Dhuiq o}|n }ofkodomh xyi i}|ín ikdqhxyimikln h mnqqik|i li ikiqfoh i
lhkln wnliq h mno}h} is|iqonqi} * }ojw`i}jik|i qi|hqlhkln n }iy wqnfqi}}n+
Dh`n wnq iswiqoåkmoh+ Kín ï wn}}êti` lotoloq h h|ikæín, qiwhq|okln* h ik|qi h ‐Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i h} mno}h}
is|iqonqi}, h doj li }i wqn}}ifyoq whqh jho} h`ïj li yj miq|n wnk|n li qih`ouhæín+ Kín li}ien mhy}hq xyh`xyiq
mcnxyi h kikcyj lo}mêwy`n, wnqïj litn iswnq h tiqlhli5 }i i`i} xyi mcifhqhj h|ï i}|i wnk|n kín dnqij
mhwhui} li jhk|iq }yh h|ikæín ok|ioqhjik|i }naqi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i}|hqín dimchkln hwnq|h ç Kn}}h
h}}o}|åkmoh wnq jyo|n |ijwn!+ Kín ï kimi}}èqon xyi |h` hmnk|iæh }i n} lo}mêwy`n} }ifyokln h loqi|qou, douiqij
i}dnqæn }okmiqn mhlh tiu xyi h h|ikæín }i lo}wiq}hq, |qhuikln* h li tn`|h mnj doqji li|iqjokhæín, louikln5
!Lny |nln n wnliq ç Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY& xyi Iy ]ny, i qimy}n whqh }ijwqi h hmio|hq xyh`xyiq ny|qh mno}h!+
Li}ien wqiwhqhq n} lo}mêwy`n}, wno} |ijwn toqè ij xyi kín wnliqín hwnohq*}i ij Kn}}n} Jik}hfioqn}, jh}
}oj mnkdohq ij }yh wqýwqoh chao`olhli whqh `ofhq*}i ç !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! mnj yjh |h` doqjiuh, xyi qimiahj
}ijwqi ]iy Fqhkli wnliq ]y}|ik|hlnq+
Ï yj iqqn i yjh h|o|yli okõ|o`, lh whq|i ln lo}mêwy`n, liwno} li ji}i} li ok}|qyæín loèqoh, lioshq*}i wqn}|qhq
wnq yj }ik|ojik|n li liwqi}}ín ny lõtolh h qi}wio|n ln Wnliq Ok|iqonq ny lh wqýwqoh chao`olhli ij hw`omè*`n+
I}|h h|o|yli okdhk|o` lh jik|i, h`ïj li okmnqqi|h, mnj n |ijwn dimchqè h wnq|h, mh}n kín }ieh ojwilolh+
\nln i}|ylhk|i litiqoh h}}yjoq yjh wn}oæín wn}o|oth kn jnjik|n ij xyi xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi li lo}mýqloh
|ik|h}}i wiki|qhq* `ci kh jik|i, i hdoqjhq }iy lnjêkon, lim`hqhkln5 !IY ]NY h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh xyi
fntiqkh jokch tolh i jiy jykln i IY ]NY h Whu, h Chqjnkoh i h Mnqhfij Hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh} xyi ji
mnklyuij }iqikhjik|i h|qhtï} li |yln mnj xyi wn}}h ji lidqnk|hq!+

3<
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ï |ín ojwnq|hk|i xyi n} i}|ylhk|i} na|ikchj aikidêmon li}|i} ik}okhjik|n}, xyi litijn} ok|iqqnjwå*`n} h|ï
xyi }iehj h}}ojo`hln}2 wno} liwikli lh mhwhmolhli ln lo}mêwy`n ij mhw|hq n mnk|iõln lh} ok}|qyæùi} whqh xyi
n Fqhkli Eyou li|iqjoki n xyi }iqè joko}|qhln kh tiu }ifyok|i+ Kín wnlijn}, ij moqmyk}|ákmoh h`fyjh,
mnklyuoq n lo}mêwy`n h`ïj ln wnk|n ij xyi i`i i}|ieh aij dnq|h`imoln+
Litn louiq, whqh wqn|iæín ln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi }i miq|n} diküjikn} }i jhkodi}|hqij ij |nqkn li`i},
wiqjhkiæhj mh`jn}, ixyo`oaqhln} i ojwh}}êtio} |nln n |ijwn2 mnk|okyij }iqikhjik|i, kín wiqjo|okln xyi
}yh h|ikæín }i dosi ko}}n, wnqxyi ï wqntèti` xyi ki}|i fqywn li lo}mêwy`n} h`fyk} |ikchj fiqhln }ydomoik|i
ikiqfoh, li mnkcimojik|n hlxyoqoln kn wh}}hln, h wnk|n li wqnlyuoq li|iqjokhln} diküjikn}+ Ij |h` mh}n,
litij hdoqjhq mnj li|iqjokhæín5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi fntiqkh o}|n i xyi n y|o`ouh whqh ]yh jho} h`|h
iswqi}}ín i y}n!+
Iy tn} h}}ifyqn xyi kín kimi}}o|ho} li}iehq xyi }i wqnlyuhj jhkodi}|hæùi} }naqikh|yqho}, wnqxyi h @io
kh|yqh` li tn}}n ]iq, ij }iy wqnfqi}}n mnk|êkyn, wqnlyuoqè hayklhk|i} jhkodi}|hæùi} xyhkln i}|otiqli}
wqiwhqhln} whqh o}}n+ Na}iqtho, xyi kín ji qidoqn li jnln h`fyj hn hwhqimojik|n ln} Ji}|qi}
H}mik}onkhln}, wno} ï h`fn ok|ioqhjik|i lodiqik|i, i kín whqh }iq ok|iqwqi|hln mnjn diküjikn+ Wik}n xyi
mnk}|o|yo fqhkli ]hailnqoh n lo}mêwy`n dhuiq h }ifyok|i hdoqjhæín, hk|i} li nytoq ny `iq h`fyjh ok}|qyæín5 “
!Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY, |njho*ji lik|qn li Tý}, ok}|qyê*ji i dhuio mnj xyi iy qi|ikch h jijýqoh
mnjw`i|h li}|h} ok}|qyæùi} ok|iqonqi}!+
Mnjn Jik}hfioqn lh @yu, i}}i |qiokhjik|n ï i}}ikmoh`, jh} n wik}hjik|n kín litiqè, ha}n`y|hjik|i,
wqnlyuoq hk}oilhli ny |ik}ín kn li}ien li wqnmyqhq qi|iq, wnqxyi }iji`chk|i h|o|yli wnli dhmo`jik|i dimchq h
jijýqoh is|iqkh ij qi`hæín ç iswiqoåkmoh ok|iqkh+
Kín wn}}n lioshq li }nqqoq hn tiq xyi h`fyk} lo}mêwy`n} i}|ín wqi}|i} h iswiqojik|hq h} mno}h} jho}
}yqwqiiklik|i}, jh} mnkdon ij xyi }i jhk|iqín }ijwqi }iqikn} }ieh xyh` dnq h iswiqoåkmoh, }haikln xyi !IY
]NY h Õkomh I|iqkh, Hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh Tolh ij hæín!, i xyi qijntiqín whqh }ijwqi li }yh} mnk}moåkmoh} h
iso}|åkmoh li |h` mnkloæín mchjhlh jnq|i, ij xyh`xyiq `yfhq ln Ykotiq}n+ H h|otolhli is|iqkh lh jik|i i ln
jykln, ï yjh wh}}hfioqh Jhh%, jýti` mnjn h} hqioh} ln li}iq|n, i kín liti mhy}hq h kokfyïj xyh`xyiq
|ijnq, wnqxyi5 !IY ]NY h Tolh I|iqkh, xyi kín |ij wqokmêwon kij doj!+
Ln mnqhæín ln Fqhkli ]o`åkmon aqn|h h Okmi}}hk|i Mnqqik|i li Tolh lh xyh` mhlh yj ï yjh whq|i
oklotolyh`ouhlh+ I}}h Tolh }no} tý}2 i|iqkh, wiqdio|h, hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh, i n} |qhei} mnj xyi I`h ]i qiti}|i }ín
li wnymh ojwnq|ákmoh, h|ï xyi mcifyio} ç wn}oæín li qimnkcimiq xyi tn}}h qih`ouhæín tn} |nqkny wqiwhqhln}
whqh h !\õkomh Okmnk}õ|o`!, hy|n*}y}|ik|hlh i qhlohk|i ij |nlh} h} mnqi} wqo}jè|omh}+
Ik|ín, wnliqio} tiqlhlioqhjik|i qifnuoehq*tn} khxyi`h i|iqkh qnywhfij, xyi ï }ijwqi qhlohk|i i ojy|èti`,
xyi tn} qi|oqh lh qnlh li mhy}h i idio|n i tn} |nqkh yj ]iq !li Mhy}h! hwikh}+ I}}h Mhy}h ï h qhlohæín ln
Hjnq Lotokn, wiqikijik|i d`yokln i }i iswhklokln li tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh ixyo`oaqhlh, i}|èti`, qhlohk|i mik|qn
lotokn, o}|n ï, n Mnqhæín lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, xyi ï eytik|yli i ai`iuh i|iqkh, h Nko}moik|i Wqi}ikæh,
mnk|ikln, kh ]yh hæín hy|nmnk}moik|i, n wh}}hln, n wqi}ik|i i n dy|yqn, xyi hdokh` }ín hwikh} n Õkomn I|iqkn
Hfnqh+ H}}oj, ï h i|iqkh i`ojokhæín li |nln n |ijwn i i}whæn+ Ik|ín ikmnk|qhqio} tn}}n jykln wntnhln li
]iqi} Wiqdio|n}, tn}}h} mnk}|qyæùi} limnqhlh} * mnj h} eýoh} jho} }i`i|h}2 i tý} kn mik|qn li tn}}h mqohæín h
!eýoh kn Mnqhæín ln @ý|y}! }ikln }yh} wï|h`h} h} fqhkli} htikolh} li ]yh Wiqdio|h H|otolhli+
I}|i ï yj xyhlqn }okfi`n lhxyo`n xyi tn} hfyhqlh, hmikhkln* tn} whqh xyi ik|qio} ij tn}}n wiqdio|n i i|iqkn
`hq i qhlohæín+ Mnjn tili}, }ok|n i}}h f`nqon}h qhlohæín, i }i mnk}ifyoqli} mik|qh`ouhq*tn} kh Wqi}ikæh ln
Hjnq Lotokn i ho wiqjhkimiq doqjijik|i, xyi hljoqètio} iswiqoåkmoh} tn} hltoqín, o}|n }i wyliqli} ojwiloq
h ok|iqdiqåkmoh lh h|otolhli is|iqkh lh jik|i(
Xyhkln h`fyïj h}}yji h h|o|yli * !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh ln Hjnq Lotokn ij |nln n jnjik|n!, dhqè mno}h}
hljoqètio}+ ]i y}hq i}|h hdoqjhæín, mnj }ik|ojik|n, wnliqè jhk|iq }ijwqi dimchlh h wnq|h ç} h|otolhli}
is|iqkh} lh jik|i+ H }n`yæín whqh mhlh wqna`ijh i}|è }ijwqi ç jín, wnqxyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!
wiqikijik|i mnk|ïj |nlh} h} mno}h} lik|qn li ]o+
Yj wiloln ï n ojwy`}nq lh }n`yæín whqh xyi }i jhkodi}|i+ !IY ]NY! ï n Wqokmêwon H|otn Ok|i`ofik|i lik|qn
li tý}, n Mnqhæín li tn}}n} }iqi}, n Mnqhæín ln w`hki|h i n Mnqhæín ln }o}|ijh+ Kín wn}}n lioshq li
qi`ijaqhq*tn}5 mhlh tiu xyi louio} !IY ]NY!, i}|ho} `oaiqhkln h Ykh, \nlh*Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh Ok|i`ofik|i,
Wnliq i I`ijik|n Hy|n*}y}|ik|hln+ Wiq}o}|o i h`mhkæhqio} yjh mnkloæín }ywqijh i jhqhto`cn}h(
Xyhkln n`cho} n ]n` dê}omn, ij qih`olhli i}|ho} n`chkln n Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh`, n wqýwqon Mnqhæín lh !Wqi}ikæh
IY ]NY!+ Litio} h}}yjoq h h|o|yli okmnklomonkh` li xyi h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY fntiqkh mnjw`i|hjik|i i}|i
mnqwn dê}omn i mnjwi`i*n ç nailoåkmoh!+ Xyhk|n jho} h|ikæín liqli} hn tn}}n mnqwn jho} i`i tn} wqieylomhqè
mnj }yh} isofåkmoh} i lnjêkon+
Xyhkln n mnqwn dê}omn i}|otiq mqnkomhjik|i ikdiqjn ny dqixðik|ijik|i hwqi}ik|hkln lo}|õqaon}, o}}n wqnth
xyi `ci dno lhlh h|ikæín i}wimoh` wnq `nkfn} hkn}, ln xyi qi}y`|ny yjh ny ny|qh wiq|yqahæín, i kykmh
ji`cnqhqè h|ï xyi h wi}}nh h}}yjh yjh h|o|yli wn}o|oth i n naqofyi ç nailoåkmoh+ Wnlio}, wn}o|othjik|i,

39
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
wqnlyuoq xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi xyioqho} ij tn}}n mnqwn dê}omn, }i doshqli} h h|ikæín ij }yh Wiqdioæín, jh} kín
wiqjo|ho} xyi i`h }i li|ikch }naqi }yh} ojwiqdioæùi}+
Whqh h H}mik}ín5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi mnjhklh!+ Y}ho i}|h hdoqjhæín dqixðik|ijik|i, wno} i`h hxyoi|h h
h|otolhli is|iqkh, i h}}oj domho} mik|qh`ouhln} kh h|otolhli ln Hjnq+
Kn ji}jn ok}|hk|i ij xyi wiqmiaiqli} h`fn lo}mnqlhk|i, hdh}|ho* tn} li`i+ \ikli} n Mi|qn ln Wnliq ij tn}}h
mnk}moåkmoh * y}ho*n }ijwqi( Litio} hwikh} }ifyoq n jhklhjik|n li Ei}y}5 !Kín n`cio} n cnjij }ifykln h
mhqki!+ O}|n }ofkodomh ish|hjik|i n xyi lou5 kín qimnkciæho} ojwiqdioæín cyjhkh, }ieh ij wik}hjik|n, ij
}ik|ojik|n, wh`htqh ny hæín+
Yj dh|nq jyo|n wnliqn}n whqh y}hq ij wqna`ijh}, ï h}}yjoq h }ojw`i} mnk}moåkmoh5 !Liy} ij joj, Wqi}ikæh
&IY ]NY&, jhkodi}|h* \i( Fntiqkh i qi}n`ti i}|h }o|yhæín chqjnkon}hjik|i!+ Nwiqhqè wqnlêfon}, wno} |yln
xyi litio} dhuiq ï oktnmhq ok}|hk|hkihjik|i h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i dhuå*`h |qhah`chq+
Ei}y} lo}}i5 !Wilo, i tn} }iqè lhln2 ay}mho, i hmchqio}2 ah|io, i haqoq*}i*tn}*è!+ Louio wno}, hn tn}}n ]iq
Lotokn5 !Nyti*ji, Liy}( jhkodi}|h*|i i myolh lo}|n!+ Liy} xyiq xyi tý} N dhæho} |qhah`chq+ O}|n `oaiqh n d`ysn
lh Ikiqfoh Lotokh, Ok|i`ofåkmoh i ]ya}|ákmoh xyi `nfn myjwqoqín h nqlij+

K+ \ Ij }ák}mqo|n }ofkodomh o`y}ín5 n xyi wiq|ikmi hn jykln lh hwhqåkmoh+

34
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Wiqifqokhæín li Ei}y}
TÏ]WIQH LI KH\H@
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 * Nc, Wnliqn}n, Jhei}|n}n Wnliq Mqê}|omn, hfnqh mcifhkln ç W`ikh I}|h|yqh( Ký} \i
}hylhjn} wi`n ]okh` ln Mnqhæín i lh Mhaiæh, hmio|hkln h W`iko|yli ln \iy Fqhklon}n Wnliq |nqkhln
jhkodi}|n kn} mnqhæùi} ln} i}|ylhk|i} i ln wntn lh Hjïqomh+ Ký} hmio|hjn} h W`iko|yli lh @yu i ]yh
Wqi}ikæh o`yjokhlnqh lik|qn ln mnqhæín i jik|i li mhlh yj, ojwy`}onkhkln mnj |h` ok|ik}olhli xyi |qhu
mnk}ofn mnqhfij i dnqæh whqh mhlh xyh` dhuiq n kimi}}èqon i}dnqæn mnk}moik|i xyi wn}}oao`o|hqè ç !Wnliqn}h
Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY! i`ithqh i}|qy|yqh h|üjomh h|ï }yh \n|h` H}mik}ín+
Hfnqh iy ji mn`nmhqio li `hln i lioshqio kn}}h Hjhln Oqjín dh`hq wi`n }iy wqýwqon mnqhæín+
LO]MYQ]N LN AIJ*HJHLN JI]\QI EI]Y]
\qhfn*tn} Hjnq i ]hylhæùi} li jyo|n} ok|ifqhk|i} lh Cn}|i H}mik}onkhlh * h`fyk} ln} Xyho} mnkcimio} * i
li Ny|qn} xyi hoklh oqio} mnkcimiq+
!IY ]NY h @yu, n Mhjokcn i h Tiqlhli!, ï n xyi n }okn li Kh|h` i}|è h|ï hfnqh h qi}}nhq wnq |nln n mhjwn
lh H|otolhli Mý}jomh+ Kh mnjwqiik}ín xyi tn} dno oklyuolh wi`n }ofkodomhln i wnliq lh} wh`htqh} !IY
]NY!, ikmnk|qhqio} yj Mêqmy`n Jèfomn kn xyh` wnliqio} jntiq*tn}, okty`kiqètio} hn lo}mnqlhk|i
wqnmilojik|n cyjhkn+ Kín }i |qh|h hwikh} li mnkcimiqh Wqi}ikæh, jh} li wü*`h ij hæín h|ï kh jho} }ojw`i}
h|otolhli, wnqxyi xyhkln |ik|ho} yjh iswiqoåkmoh xyi kín tn} ï dhjo`ohq, jyo|h} tiui} tn} }ik|o} |êjoln} i
ok}ifyqn}, kn ik|hk|n, xyhkln hwqiklio} h y}hq !IY ]NY! kh }n`yæín li tn}}n li}ien ny wqna`ijh, wiqmiaio}
xyi tn}}h }ifyqhkæh }i li}iktn`ti, i h}}oj wnlio} hw`omè*`h mnj mnkdohkæh ha}n`y|h+ N} lo}mêwy`n} litiqohj
mnjwqiikliq }ijwqi xyi ï kn !Fqhkli ]o`åkmon! ny kh hxyoi|hæín ln is|iqkn xyi d`yo n Wnliq Ok|iqkn whqh h
}yh qih`ouhæín }ijwqi mqi}mik|i, i `nfn toqín h }haiq xyi ah}|h wik}hqij kn Wnliqn}n Wqokmêwon !IY ]NY!,
whqh }ik|oqij yj hyjik|n li dnqæh, to|h`olhli i ]hailnqoh xyi `ci} wn}}oao`o|hqè wqn}}ifyoq mnj yj
}ik|ojik|n li Ji}|qoh, i n xyh` miq|hjik|i h`fyj loh `ci} haqoqè hjw`hjik|i h} wnq|h}, h|qhtï} lh} `ojo|hæùi}
lh mqohæín cyjhkh, whqh h Ojik}olín li }yh Tiqlhlioqh @oaiqlhli+
Tijn} dqixðik|ijik|i ij tn}}n} mnqhæùi} n li}ien hqlik|i li yjh wqnth * h`fyjh kn|èti` jhkodi}|hæín xyi
tikch dnq|h`imå*`n} kh }iklh+ Iy tn} h}}ifyqn, haikænhln} do`cn} lh @yu5 xyh`xyiq wqnth lhlh dnqh li tn}}n
}iq ï hwikh} |ijwnqèqoh, jh} mhlh wqnfqi}}n tiqodomhln h|qhtï} li tn}}h wqýwqoh hw`omhæín mnk}moik|i, ï yjh
qih`ouhæín i|iqkh, i ç jilolh xyi mnk|okyio} h hlxyoqoq Ji}|qoh wnq tn}}h hw`omhæín hy|nmnk}moik|i, kín
}njik|i i}|hqio} na|ikln h} mno}h} ojiloh|h}, mnjn |hjaïj i`ithkln h mnk}moåkmoh, h|ï xyi ij wnymn |ijwn
tiqodoxyio} |iqij mhêln |nlh} h} ahqqioqh}+
 li}|h jhkioqh xyi h wnq|h lh `ojo|hæín cyjhkh }iqè }i`hlh i|iqkhjik|i, i h}}oj mnjn jokch dnqjh is|iqkh
dno mqhthlh kh mqyu, mqhtho i }i`ho |hjaïj tý}, wi`h tn}}h h}miklik|i mnk}moåkmoh, h wnq|h lh} `ojo|hæùi}
hy|nmqohlh} i }ik|o i mnkcimio tn}}n lnjêkon+
]i i}|ho} to|h`jik|i ok|iqi}}hln} ij dhuiq h H}mik}ín, iy qimnjikln y}hqij mnj dqixðåkmoh h hdoqjhæín5
!IY ]NY h H}mik}ín kh @yu!+ O}|n wn}}oao`o|hqè tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh h iqfyiq*}i jho} qhwolhjik|i lh o`y}ín lh
mqohæín cyjhkh+
Ï jyo|n ojwnq|hk|i ok}o}|oq xyi, ç jilolh xyi totho} lik|qn lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i hmio|io} w`ikhjik|i n
]iy Wnliq \qhk}miklik|i, li}mnaqoqio} kín }njik|i xyi h `y|h is|iqkh mi}}h, mnjn |hjaïj xyi, ç wqnwnqæín
xyi wiki|qho} jho} wqndyklhjik|i kh @yu, h} mno}h} is|iqkh}, xyi ay}mh}|i} }ijwqi mnj |hk|n hqlnq,
mnjiæhqín qih`jik|i h jhkodi}|hq*}i, wnqxyi ki}}i jnjik|n mnjwqiikliqio}, ish|h i w`hkhjik|i, h
oqqih`olhli lh dnqjh, h}}oj mnjn }yh |qhk}o|ýqoh h|otolhli+ ]haiqio} ik|ín xyi lik|qn li tý} i lh @yu xyi tn}
miqmh, i}|è |yln xyhk|n wnlio} li}iehq, i n is|iqkn, xyi whqimoh |ín ojwnq|hk|i, |iqè wiqloln }iy fqhkli wnliq
li }yeio|hq*tn}+ Ik|ín, kh} mno}h} is|iqkh} xyi tn} hltoiqij, toqè h h`ifqi `oaiqlhli+ I}|h ï h tiqlhlioqh
h|otolhli lh} mno}h} is|iqkh}+
Ç jilolh xyi tn} |nqkhqli} jho} mnk}moik|i} ln} Wnliqi} \qhk}miklik|i} xyi i}|ín ç tn}}h lo}wn}oæín,
}haiqio} xyi }no} mhwhui} li h|qhoq qhwolhjik|i whqh tý} ji}jn} xyh`xyiq mno}h xyi li}iehqli}, }ij
wqieylomhq ny hdi|hq xyh`xyiq ny|qn do`cn li Liy}+
I}|h tiqlhli wqimo}h }iq i}|hai`imolh doqjijik|i lik|qn lh mnk}moåkmoh, wno} h} h`jh} i}mqywy`n}h} litij
ik|iklå*`h aij, whqh xyi kín }i hmcij, h ok|iqth`n}, ojhfokhkln }i ï ey}|n }iqij aij }ymiloln} ikxyhk|n
ny|qn}, hn }iy qilnq, kín na|åj }ymi}}n, wnqxyi tn}}n jhonq }iqtoæn, Iy tn} h}}ifyqn, ï h`mhkæhq h Ji}|qoh i
h `oaiqlhli whqh tý} ji}jn}+ Ik|ín, i}|hqio} wqiwhqhln} whqh i}wh`chq h @yu }ij }iqli} hdi|hln} wi`h mqohæín
cyjhkh, ij jion lh xyh` litio} jntojik|hq*tn}+ Kykmh tn} }ok|ho} |qo}|i} ny hd`o|n} }i yj ny|qn Do`cn li
Liy} kín i}|è wqnk|n whqh hmio|hq h @yu, wno} }i i`i kín ikmnk|qh h @yu wnq }yh wqýwqoh i}mn`ch, hoklh h}}oj
|iqè fh`fhln yj lifqhy, lyqhk|i h dh}i |ijwnqèqoh xyi h|qhti}}h+
Xyhkln }i mnjiæh h na|iq h @oaiqhæín mnk}moik|i ln mnqwn, mnjwqiikli*}i xyín |qhk}o|ýqoh} }ín i}}h} mno}h}
is|iqkh} i h wnymh ojwnq|ákmoh xyi |åj2 wnqïj, xyhkln }i ik|qh kh Mnk}moåkmoh Ykotiq}h` ny kh Fqhkli

36
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H|otolhli Mý}jomh, }ik|i*}i xyi wiki|qhq kh @yu ï li to|h` ojwnq|ákmoh+ Ik|ín, mnkcimijn} h h`ifqoh lh
Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqonq i ]yh H|otolhli oktikmêti`, wi`n xyi tn}}n mnqhæín ï okyklhln li mnk|ik|hjik|n+
Wnymn hk|i} li Iy Ji |nqkhq mnk}moik|i li Jokch W`ikh Jo}}ín, h }ifyok|i hdoqjhæín jhkodi}|ny*}i têtolh
lohk|i li Joj5 !IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh xyi kykmh dh`ch ny iqqh!+ O}|n, Iy }nyai jho} |hqli, dno n Wnliq
}y}|ik|hlnq xyi Ji wn}}oao`o|ny ]IQ h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh+
Okdi`oujik|i, h`fyjh} lh} hdoqjhæùi} aêa`omh} dnqhj ti`hlh} wi`n mnkmio|n cyjhkn2 ik|qi|hk|n, ]ny jyo|n
fqh|n wi`n dh|n li xyi jyo|h} |ikchj wiqjhkimoln okh`|iqhlh}+ Ny|qh hdoqjhæín xyi y}io mnk}|hk|ijik|i wnq
jho} li |qå} hkn}, dno5 !IY ]NY }ijwqi n Jhei}|n}n Wnliq ln Hjnq Wyqn xyi |qhk}mikli |nln mnkmio|n
cyjhkn i ji haqi h wnq|h ç @yu lik|qn li ]iy Mnqhæín!+ ]nyai, jho} |hqli, xyi o}|n ok|ik}odomny
fqhklijik|i Jokch Tiqlhlioqh To}ín Ok|iqkh+
Ij qi}wn}|h hn li}ien hqlik|i li tn}}n} mnqhæùi}, xyiqn louiq* tn} xyi lyqhk|i n} hkn} ij xyi h Aêa`oh
whqimi ofknqhq Jokch h|otolhli, Iy oh li yj h ny|qn `yfhq ij ay}mh li isw`omhæín h qi}wio|n lh @yu i
Wqi}ikæh xyi Iy }ik|oh lik|qn li Joj ji}jn, i tn} h}}ifyqn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín dno mnj h dhmo`olhli i
h qhwoliu mnj xyi i}|ho} mhwhmo|hln} h wqnmyqhq cnei ij loh+ Hxyi`i} li hk|ofhjik|i, `ofhln} h Joj, i}|hthj
di`oui} wnq qimiaiq n mnkcimojik|n lhxyi`h} iswiqoåkmoh} ehjho} mo|hlh} ij mqükomh h`fyjh+ Wnq }iqij i`h}
li kh|yqiuh dnqh ln mnjyj, dno mnk}oliqhln wnymn wqylik|i hwqi}ik|è*`h} ç jy`|olín+
H}}oj limnqqiy n |ijwn, h|qhtï} lh} olhli}, xyhkln n wiqênln li |qhk}miklik|i} iswiqoåkmoh} mnjiæny h
li}hwhqimiq fqhlyh`jik|i kn wh}}hln, i h} wi}}nh} xyi toiqhj hwý} hoklh kín iqhj }ydomoik|ijik|i
itn`yêlh} whqh mnkmiaiq h Tiqlhli, li dnqjh xyi ism`yêqhj lh cyjhkolhli qiti`hæùi} |ín ai`h} i hljoqètio}+
\nlhtoh, tion hfnqh, ij hyso`on ln} cyjhkn}, n Wnliq ln Mqo}|n Mý}jomn xyi }i |nqkny |ín qih` whqh Joj+
I}|i, h|qhtï} ln ]iy ojwy`}n kh|yqh` li iswqi}}ín, i}|è doqji i }ifyqhjik|i ikmnk|qhkln ]iy mhjokcn kn}
mnqhæùi} i jik|i} li yjh fqhkli wnqmik|hfij lh cyjhkolhli2 iso}|i, wno}, jyo|h i}wiqhkæh li xyi I}|h
H|otolhli wiqjo|h }ieh iqfyoln n tïy lh mqohæín cyjhkh+ H}}oj, fqhkli kõjiqn li wi}}nh} tiqè }okho} i
wqnlêfon}, i n} }ik|oqè lik|qn li }iy} wqýwqon} mnqhæùi}+ Ik|ín, kín wnliqín }iq hdh}|hln} lh Tiqlhli
okd`yikmohln} wnq lõtolh} i |ijnqi} cyjhkn}+
Wh}}io h`fyj |ijwn kh Hqèaoh, Wïq}oh i \oai|i, ikmiqqio jokch wiqifqokhæín kh êkloh, nkli mnkcimo Jiy
Hjhln Ji}|qi xyi eè |okch dio|n h H}mik}ín, ijanqh Iy kín n }nyai}}i khxyi`h nmh}oín+ Jilohk|i n Wnliq
li ]yh Qhlohæín, tokchj*ji qiti`hæùi} hwý} qiti`hæùi}, h|qhtï} lh} xyho} Ji iqhj lhln} jhklhjik|n} i
hdoqjhæùi} xyi Ji wiqjo|ohj jhk|iq |qhkxðo`h h h|otolhli is|iqkh li Jokch jik|i, h|ï xyi i}|h kín jho}
|oti}}i wnliq whqh Ji wiq|yqahq ny qi|hqlhq Jiy wqnfqi}}n+
Ki}}h h`|yqh, |nlh h F`ýqoh li Jokch Jo}}ín Ji dno qiti`hlh i n I|iqkn Qifo}|qn Mý}jomn xyi Iy chtiqoh li
lioshq, i xyi }iqoh ok}|o|yêln khxyi`i |ijwn, litoh }iq idi|yhln whqh aåkæín i o`yjokhæín cyjhkolhli xyi
toqoh liwno}+ \h`tiu i}|ieho} ok|iqi}}hln} ij }haiq xyi i}|i }i |nqkny yj Qifo}|qn Mý}jomn H|otn, n xyi ï
mnjw`i|hjik|i lodiqik|i li xyh`xyiq ny|qn qifo}|qn fqhthln, wno} mnk|ïj lik|qn li }o, h|ï cnei, n i}|êjy`n hn
wqnfqi}}n i n ojwy`}n xyi dhu lh jik|i cyjhkh yj tiqlhlioqn ojí+
O}|n isw`omh wnqxyi n} jhklhjik|n} i hdoqjhæùi} xyi Iy wqndiqo i}|ín }i |nqkhkln mhlh tiu jho} têtoln}
h|qhtï} ln} }ïmy`n} i, mnj n ojwy`}n wqnfqi}}otn li}}h H|otolhli, hyso`ohlh wi`h Qhlohæín li ny|qn}
Wnliqn}n} Qhon} ikdnmhln} }naqi h \iqqh, }iqè wn}}êti` h yjh fqhkli whq|i lh cyjhkolhli hkmnqhq*}i li |h`
jnln kh Tiqlhli i }yh hw`omhæín mnk}moik|i, xyi yjh qih`ouhæín |qhk}miklik|i }iqè mnkm`yêlh mnj åso|n+
Kikcyj wh}}n |ij ojwnq|ákmoh |ín to|h` mnjn n li mn`nmhq wiqhk|i h cyjhkolhli n Mnkcimojik|n ln !IY
]NY! * ]yh Dnk|i li Tolh i ]iy Wnliq \qhk}miklik|i * xyi i}|è ij mnkloæùi} li }iq |qhuoln hn y}n
mnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn+ ]iqè jhqhto`cn}n tiq mnjn i}|h }ojw`i}, hoklh xyi \nlh*Wnliqn}h, Tiqlhli, }iqè
loty`fhlh qhwolhjik|i ik|qi h cyjhkolhli2 h}}oj, |nln} n} xyi wik}hqij k&I`h, wqh|omhqij ]yh Wqi}ikæh i
loqofoqij ]yh ikiqfoh mnk}moik|ijik|i, h|qhtï} ln wnliq ln Hjnq Lotokn, ikmnk|qhqín yj kntn jykln li
whu, Hjnq, }hõli i wqn}wiqolhli haiq|n lohk|i li`i}+
Hxyi`i} xyi }haij mnjn hw`omhq n mnkcimojik|n ln !IY ]NY!, ehjho} }iqín hmn}}hln} wnq li}hqjnkoh ny
wiq|yqahæùi} ij }iy} `hqi}, jykln} ny h|otolhli}, wno} ï hwikh} wnq yjh dh`|h li qimnkcimojik|n i hmio|hæín
ln W`ikn Wnliq li}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh xyi n} oklotêlyn} }i lioshj wiq|yqahq wnq mnkmio|n} i mqohæùi}
cyjhkh}+
N lo}mêwy`n litiqoh n`chq mnk}|hk|ijik|i whqh lik|qn ln }iy iy cyjhkn i tiqodomhq xyi cèao|n} ny mqohæùi}
i}|ín hê xyi kimi}}o|hj }iq is|oqwhln}, wno} ï hwikh} qimy}hkln wiqjo|oq wnq jho} |ijwn h iso}|åkmoh li
cèao|n} |ho} mnjn ey`fhq, mnklikhq i mqo|omhq xyi i`i wnli }iq `oaiq|n+ H tiqlhlioqh h|otolhli ln lo}mêwy`n ï
hwiqdioænhq }iy wqýwqon jykln, i i`i kín n wnliqè dhuiq ikxyhk|n kn|hq ojwiqdioæín kn jykln li ny|qn Do`cn
li Liy}+
Hljoqètio} hdoqjhæùi} tn} dnqhj lhlh} whqh fntiqkhq chqjnkon}hjik|i tn}}h tolh i jykln+ Hw`omho*h} mnj
li|iqjokhæín i |iqio} åso|n+

33
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ny|qh qi|odomhæín xyi jyo|n} li tý} li}ieho} xyi Iy dhæh, ï }naqi Jokch ism`hjhæín kh mqyu5 !Who, wnqxyi ji
hahklnkh}|i>! N xyi lo}}i dno5 !Who, mnjn ji f`nqodomh}|i(! I qih`jik|i qimiao, kh F`ýqoh, n oqjín xyi i}|hth
ç jokch loqio|h, kh mqyu+
Cè yj miq|n kõjiqn li}|i} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi Iy mnkcimo wi}}nh`jik|i kh ïwnmh lh mqymodomhæín i, hn
iktohq*`ci} i}|h jik}hfij, }ok|n mnjn }i i}|oti}}i dh`hkln h ti`cn} hjofn}, wno} ki}|h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh
H}mik}onkhlh, }ïmy`n} }ín hwikh} yj okmolik|i, i }ý xyhkln ik|qhjn} ij mnk|h|n mnj n} hmnk|imojik|n}
cyjhkn} Kn} hwiqmiaijn} ln |ijwn+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, xyi |ín diqtnqn}hjik|i ay}mho} h @yu, iswiqojik|ho }ik|oq*tn} iktn`toln} ij Jiy
hjnqn}n haqhæn2 wqnmyqho }ik|oq*tn} ti}|oln} mnj i}|h @yu, |ín qi}w`hklimik|i xyh` n }n` ln jion*loh+
Hkmnqho lik|qn li tn}}h mnk}moåkmoh, n }ik|ojik|n li tn}}h chao`olhli whqh dhuiq h H}mik}ín, whqh xyi h mhlh
loh tn} hwqnsojio} jho} lh W`iko|yli li}}h Qih`ouhæín+
Mnq|ho n} `hæn} lh} mno}h} lh \iqqh xyi tn} jhk|åj h|hln}+ ]haio xyi kn Hjnq, ]hailnqoh i Wnliq xyi
hmio|ho} li tn}}h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY!, i}|è n wnliq xyi idi|yh i}|i |qhah`cn |qhk}miklik|i+
Qimnqlho }ijwqi xyi !Liy} ij tý} ï h tn}}h to|ýqoh+ H &Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY&, xyi dhu ah|iq tn}}n mnqhæín, ï h
@yu li Liy} xyi kykmh dh`ch i wi`h hmio|hæín li}}h Wqi}ikæh, tn}}n wnliq whqh `oaiq|hq ]yh ikiqfoh i loqofo*
`h, ï o`ojo|hln!+
Ï whqh Joj yjh fqhkli h`ifqoh i wqoto`ïfon mnk|okyhq h}}nmohln hn jiy Hjhln Oqjín ]hok| Fiqjhok, kn
|qhah`cn li iktohq, h|qhtï} li Jokch Qhlohæín Mnk}moik|i, yjh h}}o}|åkmoh lidokolh hn} lo}mêwy`n} xyi wnlij
hmio|hq h ok}|qyæín li ]hok| Fiqjhok+ O}|n mnk|okyhqè lyqhk|i |nln n hkn li 8?=<+ Kín Ji ok|iqwqi|io} jh`,
!IY ]NY! oqqhlohqè h |nlh h cyjhkolhli2 wnqïj ki}|h Qhlohæín hn} lo}mêwy`n}, Iy |ikcn n wqoto`ïfon li
hwqi}ik|hq yj ]iqtoæn i}wimoh`+
Ij Jiy Hjnq Iy tn} iktn`tn+ Mnj Jokch @yu Iy tn} to}|n+ Mnj Jokch Ikiqfoh Iy tn} }y}|ik|n whqh xyi
wn}}ho} wqn}}ifyoq, ojwètoln}, ij tn}}h ay}mh lh di`omolhli i hwiqdioænhjik|n li tý} ji}jn} i li tn}}n
jykln+
Mnkdon ij xyi o}|n |qhqè yjh Qhlohæín |h`, xyi wn}}ho} }ik|oq aij*i}|hq kn limnqqiq ln hkn, i xyi tn}}n åso|n
wn}}h |qhuiq*tn} o`ojo|hlh h`ifqoh+
!IY ]NY h Wqi}ikæh O`yjokhlnqh i Qiti`hlnqh jhkodi}|hlh mnj |nln n Wnliq!+
EI]Y], N MQO]\N
]HOK\ FIQJHOK5
Li}ien iswqi}}hq Jiy Hjnq iktn`tik|i mnjn yjh Lèloth, h mhlh yj ln} Jiy} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, wno} n
Hjnq ï h jhonq Lèloth xyi }i wnli ndiq|hq+

3?
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
H Qnlh Mý}jomh
LOH LI KH\H@
]HOK\ FIQJHOK
OKTNMHÆÍN5 Nc, Wnliqn}h, Okdoko|h, H|oth Wqi}ikæh ln Mqo}|n ij |nlh whq|i( Ký} Kn} myqthjn} lohk|i li
\yh Jhei}|hli i Wnliq+ H}}ifyqh \iy lnjêkon kn mnqhæín i kh jik|i li mhlh oklotêlyn ij |nln `yfhq kh
\iqqh, mnjwi`okln h \yh Wiqdioæín Jhfkêdomh h iswqi}}hq*}i ij |nlh whq|i+
\qhfn*tn} ]hylhæùi} li Hjnq, mnjn |hjaïj h Mnk}moåkmoh Mnjwqiik}oth i h Ji}|qoh lh Fqhkli Cn}|i ln}
Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, xyi toqhj mnj aikitn`åkmoh Jiy} Cyjo`li} I}dnqæn} ij lodykloq h @yu2 |qhuij
]iy Hjnq i tn} qiti}|ij mnj ]iy Jhk|n li @yu ki}|i Loh li Kh|h`+
EI]Y] MQO]\N
Nc, Hjnq Lotokn( Ij \iy Jèfomn Wnliq li \qhk}jy|hæín, Ký} h}}ifyqhjn} \iy Wnliq li `ojwhq i wyqodomhq
n jykln ln} iqqn} cyjhkn} i lh} mqohæùi} cyjhkh}+
\y ï} h I|iqkh To|ýqoh * h ]iklh li Nyqn lh Qih`ouhæín whqh mhlh i}|ylhk|i lh @yu, i jilohk|i \iy
\qhk}miklik|i Wnliq, n} Qyjhqh} wùij ij h|otolhli ]yh Wnliqn}h Qhlohæín whqh aåkæín lh \iqqh i lh
cyjhkolhli wnq |nln n hkn li 8?=<+
Li}|h dnqjh, h cyjhkolhli tiqè }ymiliqij kyjiqn}h} Jylhkæh} h`jiehlh} * jyo|h }hõli, di`omolhli i
wqn}wiqolhli }iqij qi}|hyqhlh}, yj }ik|ojik|n li Hjnq jho} wqndykln i yj jhonq li}ien li ey}|oæh kn}
mnqhæùi} ln} }iqi} cyjhkn} ij |nlh whq|i+
Ij jyo|n} mhkho}, n ifnê}jn cyjhkn }iqè fqhklijik|i }ywiqhln wi`n }ik|ojik|n li Wyqn Hjnq, xyi }iqè
fiqhln lik|qn ln mnqhæín, wn}}oao`o|hkln*`ci} fntiqkhq h jik|i cyjhkh i }y}mo|hkln ki`i} n li}ien
i}wnk|ákin li haikænhq+
Ï Jiy Li}ien xyi mhlh yj ln} i}|ylhk|i} iktoi i}|h Tiqlhli ij Qhlohæín mnk}moik|i wi`n jikn} yjh tiu
hn loh5 !Liy}, h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&, fntiqkh mnj Oktikmêti` Wnliq ij |nln `yfhq, kn} mnqhæùi} i
jik|i} lh cyjhkolhli+
LO]MYQ]N
Hxyi`i} Ji}|qi} li Tåky}, xyi to}o|hqhj Qnh` \i|nk i xyi knthjik|i n to}o|hqín wnq nmh}oín ln Hkn Kntn,
lhqín okomon h yjh h|otolhli lidoko|oth whqh mnk}yjoq h |ik|h|oth }y|o` li fiqhq i |qhuiq ç h|otolhli is|iqkh
yjh ny|qh fyiqqh+
]chjah``h i}|è `oaiqhkln ]iy} Wyliqi}, xyi wnq jyo|n} hkn} domhqhj moqmyk}mqo|n} hn ]iy wqýwqon mhjwn li
hæín+ H Molhli li Nyqn, myen} qhon} }ín `hkæhln} ij |nlh} h} loqiæùi}, i}|è wqi}|hkln yj }iqtoæn ç
cyjhkolhli xyi }njik|i i`h wnli dhuiq+
]i h cyjhkolhli wyli}}i }haiq i mnjwqiikliq i}|h} h|otolhli} i n xyi i`h} qiwqi}ik|hj, qih`ouhq*}i*ohj
|qhk}dnqjhæùi} jhqhto`cn}h} kn jykln is|iqkn, xyi kij ji}jn h} wi}}nh} jho} itn`yêlh} wnliqohj
mnkmiaiq+
Kn loh li Hkn Kntn, h Qnlh Mý}jomh li wqnfqi}}n |iqè h`mhkæhln yj wnk|n kn xyi }i qidiqi ç h|otolhli
wi}}nh`, ij xyi jyo|n ln `otqi*hqaê|qon ln} oklotêlyn} wnli }iq wn}|n li `hln+ O}|n |qhqè yjh h`ifqoh i yjh
i}wiqhkæh okli}mqo|êtio} ç mnk}moåkmoh lhxyi`i} xyi }iqtij ki}}h} i}diqh} |qhk}miklik|i} li h|otolhli+
Nc, i}|ylhk|i} lh @yu( Mnjwqiiklio xyi i}|h fqhklon}h h}}o}|åkmoh ï tn}}h, xyi i}|è hn tn}}n h`mhkmi }i
}o`ikmohqli} n is|iqkn i h hmio|hqli}+ Iy ok}o}|n mnktn}mn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, dimcho tn}}h} jik|i} ç
ofknqákmoh i ç} }yfi}|ùi} li}hqjükomh} li }iqi} cyjhkn} ij |nlh whki+ Iy tn} lofn5
!H @oaiqlhli, kn }iy jho} hjw`n }ik|oln i}|hqè ç tn}}h lo}wn}oæín }i hwikh} jhk|otiqli} tn}}h
wiq}nkh`olhli chqjnkouhlh i qimy}hqli} hmio|hq }yfi}|ùi} li}ixyo`oaqhlh} i }oko}|qh} lh h|jn}diqh, h}}oj
mnjn lhxyi`i} mnj xyij ik|qho} ij mnk|h|n!+
Ï ojwiqh|otn xyi o}}n }ieh dio|n, }i li}ieho} |qhuiq hn tn}}n jykln h`ifqoh, ai`iuh, nwy`åkmoh i wiqdioæín li
|nlh i}wïmoi+ Kín ï kn}}h ok|ikæín ojo}myoq*kn} ij tn}}n `otqi*hqaê|qon, jh} h h`ifqoh okyklh Kn}}n} mnqhæùi}
xyhkln tijn} n lo}mêwy`n hwn}}hq*}i, mnjwqiikliq i hw`omhq i}|h} @io} \qhk}miklik|i}, xyi }haijn}
}ofkodomhqij }yh To|ýqoh Miq|h( I liosho*ji qio|iqhq hxyo`n xyi lo}}i hk|iqonqjik|i5 !Kín cè hæín |ín tomon}h
kh h|otolhli cyjhkh, mnjn h wi}}nh ny h }yfi}|ín xyi wqnmyqh hdh}|hq n i}|ylhk|i lh Tiqlhli i lh @yu * xyi
mnk}|o|yij }yh @oaiq|hæín+!
Ij mnkisín mnj i}|h Wnliqn}h H|otolhli Mý}jomh, litio} |qhah`chq mnj fqhkli li|iqjokhæín, mnk}yjokln
|nlh} h} mqohæùi} li}hqjnkon}h} ln wh}}hln i ln wqi}ik|i+
Mhlh tiu xyi tn}}n wik}hjik|n i li}ien }i mnklyuoqij li}|h jhkioqh, fqhkli} mnqqik|i} li ikiqfoh toqín ij
tn}}n hysê`on whqh tn} h}}o}|oq i }y}|ik|hq+ O}|n dhu whq|i lh h}}njaqn}h h}}o}|åkmoh h|yh` iktohlh whqh h \iqqh+
N Ti`hlnq ]o`ikmon}n i}wiqny 177+777 hkn} whqh xyi h Qnlh Mý}jomh h|okfo}}i i}|i wnk|n * n Hkn Kntn xyi
okomoh+
Knthjik|i tn} h}}ifyqn xyi kykmh, kh co}|ýqoh lh cyjhkolhli, dno wqiwhqhlh |ín \qhk}miklik|i H|otolhli
whqh }i wqimowo|hq ij tn}}n hysê`on+ Nc( Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( Kín th`i h wikh ijwqifhq |nln n tn}}n i}dnqæn

?7
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
limo}otn whqh h|yhq ij mnkdnqjolhli mnj i}|h fqhkli aåkæín, xyi |nqkh |ín jho} dèmo` tn}}h `y|h wi`h
`oaiq|hæín lh} hy|nmqohæùi} cyjhkh}>
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( Xyín wqndyklhjik|i Jiy Mnqhæín }i qifnuoeh wnq tiq lik|qn li tý} ok|ik}n li}ien li
@yu, i tn}}n i}dnqæn limololn ij hw`omhq i}|h} `io} okdh`êtio} xyi tn} lhqín, }ifyqhjik|i, tn}}h @oaiqlhli *
kh jilolh ij xyi h} hw`oxyio}(
Hfqhliæn*tn} wi`h h`ifqoh i ijwikcn lijnk}|qhln} kh lo}|qoayoæín o`ojo|hlh li `otqn} #!Jo}|ïqon}
Li}ti`hln}! i !Wqi}ikæh Jèfomh!/+ Ki}|h fqhkli }n`omo|yli, hjhln} jiy}, cè yj }iqtoæn xyi wnymn wnlio}
ik|ikliq hoklh, jh} myen aikidêmon ï li fqhkli h`mhkmi+
]ok|n*ji fqhklijik|i haikænhln ki}|i loh li litnæín hn Mqo}|n, hn }ik|oq n Hjnq xyi Ji litn|ho} i Iy tn}
h}}ifyqn, aij*htik|yqhln} }iqi}, xyi qi|nqkhqio h tý} mnj |nln n Jiy Hjnqn}n Wnliq whqh tn} h}}o}|oq,
i}m`hqimiq i haikænhq+
Ki}}i }iqtoæn i}wimoh` xyi Ei}y} limoloy loty`fhq, miq|hjik|i }no} hfqhmohln}, }ij lõtolh+ Iswiqojik|ho
}ik|oq i}|h Tiqlhli Jhqhto`cn}h mnj n jho} wqndykln i ok|ik}n }ik|ojik|n xyi wyliqli} nqlikhq+ Haqo
tn}}n} aqhæn}, tn}}n} mnqhæùi} i jik|i} ç F`ýqoh li}|h Qhlohæín, i ç jilolh xyi douiqli} o}|n jho} w`ikh i
mnjw`i|hjik|i, tiqio} xyín qhwolhjik|i |nlh} h} mnkloæùi} wiq|yqahlnqh} i `ojo|h|oth}, xyi iso}|ohj hn
tn}}n qilnq, oqín li}hwhqimikln+
Iy tn} }yw`omn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín mnk|okyio} h `ojo|hq*tn} wnq mnkmio|n} cyjhkn}+ Lim`hqho i }ik|o tn}}h
hljoqèti` chao`olhli ij y}hq i}|h} @io} i loqofoq i}|h Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh whqh tn}}h @oaiq|hæín i Wiqdioæín+
Wqnmyqho mnjwqiikliq xyi h tn}}h dnqjh cyjhkh kín ï yjh mqohæín lik}h, lodêmo` li jhkowy`hq+ \ik|ho }ik|o*
`h mnjn yjh }ya}|ákmoh |qhk}whqik|i xyi nailimi ç tn}}h jho} }y|o` nqoik|hæín+ Dh`ho hn tn}}n mnqwn( Nqlikho
xyi i`i }ieh dnq|i, qimiw|otn hwikh} ç Mnk}moåkmoh ln Ji}|qi H}mik}onkhln, whqh }iq yjh Wiqdio|h Iswqi}}ín
ln Wnliq Lotokn ln Wnliqn}n !IY ]NY! i qiti}|oq*}i mnj ]yh Ai`iuh li Dnqjh i Iswqi}}ín+
Qimnqlho, ij tn}}h iswiqoåkmoh, h wnliqn}h li|iqjokhæín xyi |oti}|i}, miq|h} nmh}oùi}, whqh na|iq }ymi}}n kh
h|otolhli is|iqkh lh} mno}h}2 ik|ín, wnlio} ojhfokhq xyín jho} wnliqn}hjik|i ï mhwhu li okd`yikmohq tn}}h
li|iqjokhæín whqh h`mhkæhqli} h @oaiqlhli I|iqkh+
Hmqilo|ho*ji, hjhln}, xyhkln tn} lofn5 !Ï hwikh} h tn}}h mqohæín cyjhkh xyi }i mn`nmh ik|qi tý} i tn}}h
@oaiqlhli li |nlh `ojo|hæín+ I}}h mqohæín kín ï yj na}|èmy`n jhonq ln xyi hljo|o} }iq+ ]i qi|oqhqli} li}}h
mqohæín }iy wnliq li `ojo|hq*tn}, wnliqio} wh}}hq h`ifqijik|i h|qhtï} li}}i tïy h xyh`xyiq cnqh, ij xyh`xyiq
loh, i wiki|qhq ij tn}}n jykln lh Wqi}ikæh I`i|qükomh2 |ín ai`n, |ín h`ifqi, |ín mcion li @yu li}`yjaqhk|i lh
]yh F`nqon}h Wqi}ikæh i hê jntiq* tn}, whqh }ijwqi, kh @yu lh F`ýqoh I|iqkh+ Liwno}, ijanqh |ikcho} xyi
tn`|hq h|qhtï} ln tïy cyjhkn, whqh }iqtoæn kh h|otolhli is|iqkh, mnk|okyhqio} hoklh h }ik|oq h F`ýqoh li}|i ]iq
\qhk}miklik|i, xyi }no}+ Ik|ín, kikcyjh li tn}}h} wqýwqoh} mnkloæùi} is|iqkh} ny hxyi`h} xyi tn} miqmhj,
li jnln h`fyj tn} |nmhqín ny hdi|hqín!+
\nln n Jiy }iq toaqh wnq tý} mnj hk|imowhln eõao`n, wno} i}|ny moik|i li tn}}n åso|n mnj ha}n`y|h miq|iuh+
Çxyi`i xyi wiqjo|oq xyi h} }yfi}|ùi} wqntikoik|i} lh ofknqákmoh li ny|qn} }iqi} cyjhkn} n li}toij lh
}iklh, li}ien louiq5 !Qimnqlho hwikh} n xyi tn} i}wiqh * n xyi i}|è lik|qn li tn}}h mhwhmolhli li mnk}ifyoq i
}iq!+
@ijaqho*tn} xyi ç jilolh xyi }i dnq |nqkhkln jho} ok|ik}h h tn}}h hmio|hæín lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY
]NY!, n} wqna`ijh} is|iqkn}, xyi }i hdofyqhthj |ín |iqqêtio}, mnj miq|iuh li}hwhqimiqín li qiwik|i+ H}}oj,
kín }njik|i tn}}n wqna`ijh ï qi}n`toln, mnjn |hjaïj mhlh wh}}n tikmoln ki}|i mhjokcn ï lidoko|otn,
ojwi`okln* tn} ç @oaiqlhli I|iqkh+ ]i n xyi h`jieho} ï `oaiq|hæín dokhkmioqh, Iy tn} qnfn |oqhq dnqh lh
hwhqåkmoh h h|otolhli is|iqkh li tn}}h jik|i i mn`nmè*`h ij tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, h õkomh
Lnhlnqh li |nlh h Wnliqn}h Nwy`åkmoh xyi iso}|i+ Wiqjhkimio doqji} i li|iqjokhln} ki}|i wnk|n, i na|iqio}
|nln n lokcioqn xyi li}iehqli}+
H tolh kín tn} `ojo|h+ H nwy`åkmoh kín tn} `ojo|h+ N Hjnq kín tn} `ojo|h( Wnq|hk|n, wnq xyi wiqjo|oq xyi
tn}}n} `ojo|h|otn} mnkmio|n} cyjhkn} mnk|okyij tn} wqiklikln>
Hjhln} Do`cn} lh @yu( Li}wiq|ho whqh h Wnliqn}h F`ýqoh li tn}}n Tiqlhlioqn ]iq+ ]ifyo, Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh
Mnkxyo}|hlnqh( ]ili !H @yu li Liy} xyi kykmh dh`ch!2 jntio*tn} qiti}|oln} mnj h @yu lh F`ýqoh
\qhk}miklik|i ln tn}}n Iy*Liy} i }ili `otqi}(

?8
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N} Ji}|qi} Mý}jomn}
LO]MYQ]N LI ]HOK\ FIQJHOK KN LOH LI HÆÍN LI FQHÆH]
Hjhln} Lo}mêwy`n} lh @yu5
Cnei ï yj ln} jhonqi} loh} li Hæín li Fqhæh} xyi eè iswiqojik|io ij mij hkn}+ Tiq mnjn h @yu, n
qimnkcimojik|n i h hmio|hæín lh !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! i}|ín }ikln qimiaolh} i y|o`ouhlh} wnq |hk|n} lo}mêwy`n},
ï, qih`jik|i, yjh nmh}oín li qifnuoen i li fqh|olín+
Kín }njik|i Iy `ci} ikton jiy Hjnq i Aåkæín}, jh} |nlh h Cn}|i li Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, n} Fqhkli}
Ji}|qi} Mý}jomn}, h Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh, h @ifoín lh @yu i Hxyi`i} Hyso`ohqi} li Tåky} qiõkij*}i
ki}|i `nytnq i hæín li fqhæh} wnqxyi h Tiqlhlioqh @yu i}|è }ikln iswhklolh ik|qi h cyjhkolhli+
IY HWQIMOHQIO WQNDYKLHJIK\I \NLH H H]]O]\ÅKMOH XYI N] I]\YLHK\I] ]NA I]\H
QHLOHÆÍN WN]]HJ LHQ WHQH XYI N] @OTQN] ]I ILO\IJ I ]IEHJ WN]\N] HK\I H
CYJHKOLHLI, WNQXYI I]\I Ï N JHONQ ]IQTOÆN XYI ]I WNLI WQI]\HQ KN WQI]IK\I+
N xyi jho} }i dhu kimi}}èqon, cnei ij loh, ï mchjhq h h|ikæín is|iqkh lh cyjhkolhli whqh h !Fqhkli Dnk|i
Õkomh! xyi wnli lhq h kimi}}èqoh h}}o}|åkmoh, i i}|h ï h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! i h Cn}|i ln} Ji}|qi}
H}mik}onkhln}+ H h|ikæín ln} oklotêlyn}, doshlh }naqi i}|h Fqhkli Dnk|i, wqnwnqmonkh h haiq|yqh kimi}}èqoh
whqh h jhkodi}|hæín lh Fqhkli @yu Mý}jomh I|iqkh, whqh xyi d`yh hn jykln is|iqkn, h`mhkæhkln kín hwikh}
h mnk}moåkmoh ln} oklotêlyn}, jh} |hjaïj mnkloæùi} xyi jyo|n kimi}}o|hj li qihey}|hjik|n+
Ï Jiy li}ien xyi |nln} n} lo}mêwy`n} xyi i}|ín }na i}|h Qhlohæín, }ok|hj }yh qi}wnk}hao`olhli oklotolyh` h
i}|i qi}wio|n, whqh jhk|iqij }yh} jik|i} i mnqwn} chqjnkouhln}, mnk|okyhqij ojwqifkhkln }iy}
wik}hjik|n} i hjaoik|i} ijnmonkho} mnj h ]hailnqoh i h Wiqdioæín lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+ O}|n
dhmo`o|hqè n |qhah`cn li h}}o}|åkmoh ç cyjhkolhli, h|otolhli xyi n is|iqkn, wn}}oti`jik|i, kín wnliqè
mnkmiaiq, litoln h }yh mnkloæín `ojo|hlh+
Li}ien xyi mhlh lo}mêwy`n mnjwqiiklh i }ok|h wqndyklhjik|i xyi n} Fqhkli} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln} i Iy
ji}jn, i}|hjn} wqnk|n} h lhq hn} oklotêlyn} |nlh h h}}o}|åkmoh xyi h @io li }iy ]iq wiqjo|h+ N} lo}mêwy`n}
litij wiqjhkimiq }ijwqi doqji} i okhah`ètio} kh Wqi}ikæh, h|ï xyi h mqohæín cyjhkh is|iqonq, hn }iy qilnq,
}ieh lo}}n`tolh i mnk}yjolh+ Ik|ín, h Wn|ik|i @yu, ]hailnqoh i Wnliq lh Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!
okyklhqè }yh} jik|i}, }iqi} i jykln} mnj i}|h F`nqon}h Qhlohæín, wqiikmcikln*n} i hn} }iy} dhjo`ohqi} mnj
hxyi`h chqjnkoh, di`omolhli i Wiqdioæín xyi mhlh mnqhæín h}woqh |ín ok|ik}hjik|i+
!Iy wiæn h \NLN] dhuiqij yj |qhah`cn lidokoln, mnk}moik|i i wqn|i`hq whqh n jykln ok|ioqn, h doj li xyi h
@yu Mý}jomh i h Wiqdioæín I|iqkh iktn`thj h \iqqh, qijntikln i mnk}yjokln |nlh lo}mýqloh, i mnk|okyij
haikænhkln wi}}nh}, `yfhqi}, mnkloæùi} i mno}h}, wno} i}|h ï h Wnliqn}h H|otolhli Jo`hfqn}h xyi ok|qnlyuoqè h
wqn}wiqolhli i h di`omolhli xyi |nln} |hk|n li}iehj!+
O}|n, Hjhln} Jiy}, ï n xyi }ofkodomh h|qhoq h tý} yj Wnliqn}n Dnmn ln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}+ ]njik|i
xyhkln tn}}h to}ín ok|iqkh i}|otiq haiq|h whqh tiq i mnkcimiq h Tiqlhlioqh Qih`olhli, wnliqio} dhuiq yj
wixyikn mnkmio|n lh Tiqlhli xyi hmhan li louiq+
Li}ien xyi tn}}n} mnqhæùi} }i ikmchj li h`ifqoh, i xyi wn}}ho} |qhah`chq hdhkn}hjik|i wi`h }hõli, }ymi}}n i
wqn}wiqolhli ln} Jik}hfioqn}, xyi |åj }oln n} mhkho} h|qhtï} ln} xyho} i}|i Dnmn li Wqn|iæín dno lhln+
Okdi`oui}, miq|hjik|i, }ín hxyi`i} xyi mqo|omhj n} Jik}hfioqn} ny }iy |qhah`cn+ Ji`cnq }iqoh xyi kykmh
|oti}}ij kh}moln ki}|h ikmhqkhæín+
Hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, wqnmyqho }ik|oq, mnj |nlh h }okmiqolhli, h Qih`olhli i h} Aåkæín} Okdoko|h} li}|i |qhah`cn2
xyi n jykln ok|ioqn wn}}h mn`ciq n fqhkli wqåjon li}|i aikidêmon+
H} wh`htqh} }ín okhlixyhlh} whqh tn} iswqi}}hq h w`iko|yli li o fqh|olín wi`n tn}}n }okmiqn i dh|ofhk|i
i}dnqæn+ Tn}}h dhmy`lhli li haikænhq i dhuiq wqn}wiqhq hyjik|hqè }ijwqi, ikxyhk|n tn} jhk|otiqli} lik|qn
li tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+
Jiy Hjnq tn} iktn`ti, Jokch @yu tn} o`yjokh i h ]hailnqoh lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! tn} dhu
wqn}wiqhq kh W`iko|yli li |nlh h Wiqdioæín+
N Hjnq lh Wnliqn}h Cn}|i li Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, lh Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh i lh @ifoín li @yu
tn} iktn`th }ijwqi+
!IY ]NY! }okmiqhjik|i kh @YU+
]HOK\ FIQJHOK

?1
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
N Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh`
LO]MYQ]N LI ]HOK\ FIQJHOK KN LOH LI KH\H@
Mnj fqhkli h`ifqoh i}|hjn} na}iqthkln h is|qhnqlokèqoh qih`ouhæín oklotolyh`, khmonkh` i Mý}jomh, wnqxyi
xyhkln ijwqifhjn} i wnlijn} mnnwiqhq mnj i}}h} Fqhkli} i Wnliqn}h} Mnqqik|i} li Ikiqfoh Mý}jomh,
loqofolh} wnq i}}h Fqhkli i ]èaoh Ok|i`ofåkmoh, }haijn} xyi mhlh wh}}n ç dqik|i kn} hwqnsojh }ijwqi jho}
l&I}}h Wnliqn}h F`ýqoh i @oaiqlhli, xyi jyo|n} i}|ín hwqiklikln h }ik|oq i h li}dqy|hq+
Mnjn }ín lodiqik|i} |nlh} h} h|otolhli} xyhkln }i |qhah`ch ij mnkeyk|n mnj I}}h Fqhkli ]hailnqoh
Mý}jomh, xyi eè kín ï jho} dnqæhlh h qi}|qokfoq ]yh Wnliqn}h Ikiqfoh, litoln hn `otqi*hqaê|qon ln} oklotêlyn}(
H|yh`jik|i h} H|otolhli} Mý}jomh} lh} khæùi} }ín n xyi jho} ojwnq|h2 liwno} tåj h} h|otolhli} oklotolyho}+
Hk|ofhjik|i, miq|h} H|otolhli} Mý}jomh} |otiqhj xyi i}wiqhq wnq mhy}h ln} oklotêlyn}+ Hfnqh, h Fqhkli
Qnlh Mý}jomh foqny, |qhuikln |nlh} h} h|otolhli} khmonkho}, ijnmonkho} i jik|ho} whqh i}}h Fqhkli
Wqiwhqhæín, ij xyi mhlh lik|i lh qnlh liti }i ikmhoshq kh Qih`olhli Mý}jomh+
Mnjn n `otqi*hqaê|qon ln oklotêlyn hoklh `ojo|h ah}|hk|i n is|iqkn, chtiqè jyo|h} wi}}nh} i mnkloæùi} xyi
}iqín mnjn xyi wqi}}onkhlh} ik|qi fqhkli} qn`n} mnjwqi}}nqi}, whqh xyi }yh} xyh`olhli} okli}ieètio} }iehj
i}wqijolh} i mnk}yjolh} wi`n wnliq Mchjh Loqofolh Mnk}moik|ijik|i+
H Wnliqn}h Qhlohæín, Mnk}moik|ijik|i loqofolh ln Fqhkli ]n` Mik|qh` wi`h Fqhkli Cn}|i ln} Ji}|qi}
H}mik}onkhln} kín }njik|i i}|è wqnlyuokln is|qhnqlokèqon idio|n kh} jik|i} i }ik|ojik|n} lh cyjhkolhli
kh }ywiqdêmoi lh \iqqh, mnjn |hjaïj i}|è wiki|qhkln wqndyklhjik|i kn mik|qn ln w`hki|h+ Ij mnk}ixðåkmoh,
|ij }oln wn}}êti` ito|hq mh|è}|qndi} jhonqi}+
Li}ien iswqi}}hq Jiy Fqhkli Hjnq, Fqh|olín i Aåkæín hn} okõjiqn} lo}mêwy`n} xyi |åj wqnei|hln n Ojik}n
Hjnq, ]hailnqoh i Dnqæh lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! kn} jykln} jik|h` i ijnmonkh`, i h}}ifyqhq*`ci}
xyi yj fofhk|i}mn |qhah`cn i}|è }ikln qih`ouhln2 wnqxyi }i h cyjhkolhli i n} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}
mnjwqiikliqij xyi |nlh mhy}h qi}oli kn} jykln} jik|h` i ijnmonkh`, |iqín h|okfoln yj wnk|n li
mnjwqiik}ín kn xyh` wiqmiaiqín, mnj |nlh }ifyqhkæh, xyi h h|otolhli is|iqkh lh cyjhkolhli liti ik|qhq i
ik|qhqè ij Wiqdio|h Nqlij li}li xyi h mhy}h õkomh * h|otolhli jik|h` i ijnmonkh` * }ieh mnqqofolh i
lnjokhlh+
Çxyi`i} xyi |åj jhk|oln h }ifyok|i wiqfyk|h ij }yh} jik|i}5 !Ï qih`jik|i tiqlhli xyi }i ito|ny yjh
fqhkli mh|è}|qndi>! Litn h}}ifyqhq xyi yj loh i`i} tiqín i }haiqín h Tiqlhli ln xyi `ci} dh`io+
Li}li |qiuik|n} hkn} hwý} n joko}|ïqon li Ei}y}, h cyjhkolhli li}tony*}i whqh }i nmywhq ln} idio|n}, ij tiu
lh} mhy}h}, i wnq o}}n kín |ij }oln wn}}êti` lhq*`ci h}}o}|åkmoh wiqjhkik|i+ Hfnqh, mnj h h}}o}|åkmoh xyi n
foqn lh Qnlh Mý}jomh wqnwnqmonkh, ï wn}}êti` |qhuiq ny|qh tiu ç mnk}moåkmoh lh cyjhkolhli h kimi}}olhli li
}i nmywhq lh mhy}h, i h}}oj n idio|n, }i kín i}|otiq ij nqlij, litiqè li}hwhqimiq+
Io} wnqxyi n mnkcimojik|n lh Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, ]iy} Wnliqi} i |yln xyi ]i qidiqi h I`h i}|è
`ithkln n} lo}mêwy`n} h |qh|hq }njik|i mnj i}}h Ykh i Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh, myeh mhy}h ï Wiqdioæín W`ikh, mnjn
jyo|n} li}}i} lo}mêwy`n} i}|ín mnk}|h|hkln wnq }o ji}jn}+
Xyhkln }yh h|ikæín }i dosh kh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!, i`i} i}|ín }i nmywhkln mnj h Ykh i Jho}
Wnliqn}h Mhy}h, myeh Õkomh Iswqi}}ín ï h Wiqdioæín+ Wnq|hk|n, }iy} jykln}, ij wqojioqn `yfhq, }i ikmcij li
aij*i}|hq i }n}}ifn, i h|qhtï} lo}}n mnjiæhj h }ik|oq h F`ýqoh l&I}}h Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh+ Ç jilolh xyi o}}n
nmnqqi, mnjwqiiklij xyi wnlij h|okfoq i}}h !Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh! mnk}moik|ijik|i i `oaiqhq yjh wnk|i
hth`hkmci li ]yh Wnliqn}h
Ikiqfoh, ij |ho} wqnwnqæùi}, xyi n }iq cyjhkn }ý |ij |ijwn li xyh`odomhq yjh whq|i dqhfjik|èqoh, iktn`toln
mnjn i}|è kh} }yh} `ojo|hæùi} i li}hqjnkoh}+ Wnq|hk|n, n wnliq qixyiqoln whqh lhq hn oklotêlyn h Wqnth
I|iqkh ï jhk|oln+ H}}oj, wi`n wqýwqon i}dnqæn hy|nmnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn, hltïj n qimnkcimojik|n mhlh
tiu jhonq, lh} wn}}oao`olhli} lik|qn li }yh mnjwqiik}ín mnk}moik|i+ Kn|ho, Iy lofn mnjwqiik}ín mnk}moik|i,
wnqxyi ï }njik|i5 wqojioqn, wi`n qimnkcimojik|n mnk}moik|i2 }ifykln, wi`h hmio|hæín2 |iqmioqn, wi`h
hw`omhæín, ij ny|qh} wh`htqh}, loqofokln mnk}moik|ijik|i i}}h Wnliqn}h Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Wyqh Ikiqfoh, xyi n
is|iqkn ny cyjhkn }i jhk|ïj }ydomoik|ijik|i qimiw|otn li jnln h mhw|hq i}}h} wnliqn}h} h|otolhli}+
Ï wikh xyi h cyjhkolhli |ikch hmqilo|hln wnq |hk|n |ijwn * i jyo|n} oklotêlyn} mnj |nlh }okmiqolhli * }iq*
`ci} wn}}êti` myqhq n ýlon, h mnklikhæín i h mqê|omh mnj i}}h} ji}jh} ojwqnwqoilhli}+ Xyín dõ|o` i |qèfomn
|ij }oln i}}i dh`}n mnkmio|n( Mqili*ji, ý Do`cn} lh @yu, n ýlon kykmh myqny n ýlon i kykmh n cè li myqhq+ H
mnklikhæín i h mqê|omh ehjho} }hkhqhj h} lh ji}jh i}wïmoi, wnqxyi, mnjn tn} |ijn} lo|n jyo|h} tiui}5
!Hxyo`n ij xyi }i dosh tn}}h h|ikæín i to}|h, i}|è }ikln wnq tý} xyh`odomhln i mnjwi`oln h ik|qhq ij tn}}n
jykln i `è qi}oloq i h|yhq!+
Li |yln xyhk|n |ijn} lo|n i loty`fhln, jyo|n wnymn dno mnjwqiikloln }naqi n xyhk|n h wiq}nkh`olhli i}|è
mnk}|hk|ijik|i jh`xyh`odomhkln h wqýwqoh h|jn}diqh i h} mnkloæùi} ij }iy qilnq, mnj mno}h} li xyi kín
wqimo}h, kh mqikæh li xyi wnli mnk|okyhq h ik|qi|iq xyh`xyiq i}wïmoi li }ik|ojik|n ny wqndiqoq wh`htqh} li

?=
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
lo}mýqloh, ýlon i `ojo|hæín }ij }iq wnq i`h} hdi|hlh+ I}|i mnkmio|n na}|okhln i dh`}n lh cyjhkolhli ikmciy n
jykln li |nlh }nq|i li |qhfïloh}+
Hfnqh, i}}h Wnliqn}h @yu I|iqkh i}|è }ikln `oaiqhlh whqh jn}|qhq ç cyjhkolhli wnqxyi n jykln is|iqkn |ij
}oln |ín myjy`hln li ,0 |qhfïloh}+ ]i Iy tn} dn}}i qiti`hq, wnq yjh jioh cnqh, xyhk|n ifnê}jn |ij }oln
qijntoln ln jykln jik|h` i ijnmonkh` lh cyjhkolhli, li}li xyi i}|h} hy`h} ln !IY ]NY! mnjiæhqhj,
xyh}i kín wnliqêio} hlo|hq xyi |oti}}i }oln wn}}êti` |hk|h qih`ouhæín ij |ín wnymn |ijwn+ O}}n kín |iqoh }oln
wn}}êti`, kín dnqh i}}h !Wnliqn}h, I|iqkh mín li @yu lh Fqhkli Cn}|i ln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, ln Fqhkli
]n` Mik|qh`, ln} Ji}|qi} li Tåky}, ln Ti`hlnq ]o`ikmon}n #Mm`nwih/ i ln} Wnliqn}n} Liy}i} lh}
Jnk|hkch}!+
\yln o}}n |nqkny wn}}êti` h qih`ouhæín whqh h xyh` h @ifoín lh @yu i h Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh |åj
|qhah`chln lyqhk|i }ïmy`n}+ I}}i |qhah`cn |ij wqn}}ifyoln okok|iqqyw|hjik|i wnq 8<+777 hkn}+ N} Fqhkli}
H}mik}onkhln} wqitohj h To|ýqoh li}li n wqokmêwon2 wnqïj |otiqhj h whmoåkmoh okdoko|h li }ywnq|hq h |iojn}oh
lh cyjhkolhli i i}wiqhq }ïmy`n} hwý} }ïmy`n}( Kn ik|hk|n, kín cnyti yj }ý }ik|ojik|n ny wik}hjik|n li
ojwhmoåkmoh, kij ji}jn yjh wiqfyk|h mnjh i}|h !Wnq xyi kín }i cè li jnlodomhq h cyjhkolhli>! Ï hwikh}
lik|qn ln} `ojo|i} ln wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n cyjhkn} xyi |åj `yfhq n ey`fhjik|n i h ojwhmoåkmoh+
Wnq|hk|n, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n} lh @yu, louio h |nlh hwhqåkmoh `ojo|h|oth lo}mnqlhk|i5 !Tho*|i ojwn|ik|i mqohæín
cyjhkh( Kín |i mnkciæn( Jiy jykln i}|è qiw`i|n }njik|i lh Wiqdioæín li jokch Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh &IY
]NY&+ Qi|oqn li |o, hwhqåkmoh ok}ik}h|h, |nln wnliq li wqieylomhq ny wiq|yqahq+ Iy hkln kh @yu lh Lotokh
Wqi}ikæh &IY]NY&, nkli kín cè }njaqh i i}|ny `otqi, whqh }ijwqi `otqi!+
Iy tn} lofn, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, kín liosio} li mhqqifhq tn}}h jik|i, mnqwn, `hq, jykln i h|otolhli mnj n
Wnliqn}n Hjnq, Wiqdioæín i Ok|i`ofik|i H|otolhli li tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+
@hkæho, h|qhtï} li tn}}h wqneiæín mnk}moik|i, mnjn n lo}whqn li yj fqhkli mhkcín, h Wnliqn}h Mchjh
Ton`i|h Mnk}yjolnqh, whqh xyi mnk}yjh |yln li okli}ieèti` i ojwiqdio|n ij tn}}n jykln li h|otolhli+
Mnk}moik|ijik|i, xyh`odomho o}}n mnj n W`ikn Wnliq ln Hjnq Lotokn ij Hæín+ Liwno}, tili i }ik|o xyi
fqhkli ai`iuh, di`omolhli i Wiqdioæín iswiqojik|hqio} ç jilolh xyi }ifyoqli} hthk|i+ Iy ok}o}|n, mnj |nln n
Hjnq li Jiy ]iq, whqh xyi mhqqifyio} |nlh} h} mhy}h}, kh h|otolhli li tn}}n wik}hjik|n i }ik|ojik|n, mnj
Hjnq, Nwy`åkmoh i Wiqdio|h Qih`ouhæín+ Dhuio*h ojwqojokln*`ci ikiqfoh lokájomh(
Liwn}o|ho jyo|n }ik|ojik|n i miq|iuh ki}}h xyh`odomhæín, i tiqio} |ho} jylhkæh} }i idi|yhqij kn tn}}n jykln
li h|otolhli i wqnsojolhli}, xyi xyh}i wnliqio} mnjwhqhq ç dqomæín lh !@ájwhlh li H`hloj!+
Xyhkln mchjho} h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ç hæín ij tn}}h tolh, hjaoik|i i h|otolhli, mi}}h |nlh `y|h+
N okli}ieèti` }ho, h !Wqi}ikæh IY ]NY! ik|qh, i tiqio} xyi okfqi}}h}|i} ij yj kntn jykln, qiw`i|n li
di`omolhli i wiqdioæín xyi }ijwqi }nyai}|i} iso}|oq ij h`fyj `yfhq lik|qn li tn}}n wqýwqon mnqhæín+
Hjhln} Jiy}, Kín ojwnq|h xyín cyjo`li whqiæh }iq tn}}h wn}oæín h|yh`, mchjhkln tn}}h !Wqi}ikæh IY
]NY! ç hæín, wnlio} |qhk}dnqjhq |yln ij tn}}n jykln i ikmcå*`n mnj h Wiqdioæín xyi ki`i li}ieho} |iq+
JYO\N OJWNQ\HK\I
\qiokho hxyoi|hq n is|iqkn hoklh xyi wnq mokmn joky|n}, |qå} tiui} hn loh+ Hn |iqjokhq, mnj |nlh h }iqikolhli
mnkdohk|i li tn}}n }iq, oktnmho h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! h hæín, i na|iqio} |nlh h wqnth ln jykln xyi
li}ieho} \iq lh Wqi}ikæh, Wnliq i Lnjêkon ln tn}}n wqýwqon !Wnliqn}n Liy}*Ok|iqonq!+
N Hjhln Ji}|qi Ei}y} li}ieh xyi Iy tn} |qhk}jo|h ]iy Hjnq i h Miq|iuh li xyi I`i wqnei|hqè ]yh Qhlohæín
I}wimoh` hn} lo}mêwy`n} xyi i}|ín }na i}|h toaqhæín lyqhk|i |nln n hkn+ I`i |qhk}jo|oqè ]iy lo}myq}n kn Loh li
Hkn Kntn+ Io} h Jik}hfij li Kh|h` xyi h Cn}|i ln} Fqhkli} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, h @ifoín lh @yu i h
Fqhkli Dqh|iqkolhli Aqhkmh tn} iktohj kn loh li cnei5
!Xyi tn}}n} mnqhæùi}, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}, }iehj wqiikmcoln} mnj h I|iqkh Wqi}ikæh ln Hjnq Lotokn, i
wn}}ho} tý} }iq mhqqifhln} li ]yh H|oth Wqi}ikæh, xyi tn}}h Qhlohæín }i |nqki yjh I|iqkh H|otolhli
Mnk}yjolnqh, |yln hdh}|hkln, ismi|n h I|iqkh @yu lh Wiqdioæín!
Iy mhqqifn n jykln jik|h` i ijnmonkh` lh cyjhkolhli mnj i}}h Wqi}ikæh H|oth i I|iqkh ln Hjnq Lotokn,
jhkodi}|hlh kn} mnqhæùi} i jik|i} lh cyjhkolhli+ Ij Knji, kn Wnliq, kn Hjnq li}}h @yu I|iqkh i
Wiqdio|h ln Ykotiq}n, Iy `oaiqn h Mchjh Mnk}yjolnqh i Wyqodomhlnqh h |nlh h \iqqh, `oaiq|hkln h cyjhkolhli,
mnk|qn`hkln }iy} }ik|ojik|n} i }y}|ik|hkln*n} kh Wqi}ikæh &&Fntiqkhk|i i kh Wiqdioæín ln Hjnq Lotokn,
hfnqh i whqh }ijwqi+
Mnj |nln n Hjnq ln Jiy ]iq,
]HOK\ FIQJHOK

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 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Ei}y} i ]hok| Fiqjhok
LO]MYQ]N LI EI]Y] KN LOH LI HKN KNTN
Xyhkln, lh} No|hth} ]ywiqonqi} li @yu, mnk|ijw`hjn} h} qih`ouhæùi} ln hkn wh}}hln, i liwno} ik|qhjn} ij
tn}}h No|hth li h|otolhli cyjhkh, tiqodomhjn} i }ik|ojn} h |qhk}dnqjhæín xyi nmnqqiy ij hwikh} yj hkn+ Ï
yj hmnk|imojik|n tiqlhlioqhjik|i ikmnqhehlnq, h jhonq mnkdoqjhæín lh ji|h dokh` xyi ï h `oaiqhæín lh
cyjhkolhli lh} mhlioh} i `ojo|hæùi} xyi i`h wqýwqoh mqony+ Hdokh`, ï `hjik|èti` xyi h cyjhkolhli kín
qimnkciæh }iq }yh h|otolhli cyjhkh h mqohlnqh ism`y}oth lh `ojo|hæín i li}hqjnkoh iso}|ik|i}+
Ij ny|qh} wh`htqh}5 h|qhtï} lh h|otolhli li}mnk|qn`hlh ln is|iqkn, h} wiq}nkh`olhli} }i wiqjo|ij
jh`xyh`odîmhq mnk}|hk|ijik|i h Ikiqfoh Wiqdio|h, h I}}åkmoh Wyqh li }yh wqýwqoh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY
]NY!, wqnlyuokln |yln n xyi ï okli}ieèti`, xyhkln i}|è lik|qn li }yh wn}}oao`olhli jhk|i*`h} |ín
chqjnkouhlh}, xyi h Wiqdio|h Ok|i`ofåkmoh i Ikiqfoh, d`yokln h|qhtï} lh dnqjh cyjhkh, kín }iehj
jh`xyh`odomhlh}+ H}}oj i}|h} ikiqfoh} idi|yhqohj }ijwqi }iy \qhah`cn Wiqdio|n, kín }njik|i hwqojnqhkln h
dnqjh cyjhkh, mnjwi`okln*h h iswqi}}hq h Wiqdioæín Lotokh, mnjn wiqjo|oqoh h i}}h Wyqiuh i Wiqdioæín
d`yêqij kn jykln ln oklotêlyn wqnlyuokln h ai`iuh, chqjnkoh i åso|n xyi |nln mnqhæín h`jieh+
Wiqfyk|h * !Wnq xyi xyh}i |nln n jykln li}ieh jhonq ai`iuh, wiqdioæín i hayklákmoh li |nlh} h} mno}h}
anh}>!
Qi}wn}|h * !Wnqxyi ï yj Qimnkcimojik|n Ok|iqkn ln Lnjêkon mnkmiloln wnq Liy} h mhlh oklotêlyn, xyi
|nln} wnlij jhk|iq ij xyh`xyiq jnjik|n, ah}|h xyiqiq dhuå*`n2 wi`n }iy qimnkcimojik|n i hmio|hæín li }yh
wqýwqoh Wqi}ikæh &IY ]NY&, o}}n wn}}oao`o|h h i}|h &Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh Oktikmêti`& |nqkhq*}i h Wnliqn}h
Ok|i`ofåkmoh Fntiqkhk|i!+
Wnq|hk|n, kín tili} xyi whqh i}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh kín cè na}|qyæín, kij `y|h ny ok|iqdiqåkmoh li i}wïmoi
h`fyjh> Io} wnqxyi h hk|ofh hdoqjhæín aêa`omh, cè |hk|n |ijwn y}hlh5 !Hxyoi|h*|i i }hai xyi IY ]NY Liy}!,
wnli }i |nqkhq yj wnliq lokájomn kh tolh li yjh wi}}nh+ O}|n }ofkodomh h chqjnkoh i h |qhkxðo`olhli lh jik|i
is|iqkh+ Kn hkn wh}}hln, mchjhjn} h h|ikæín whqh jyo|h} hdoqjhæùi} aêa`omh}, lhkln jhonqi} isw`omhæùi}
}naqi }iy tiqlhlioqn }ik|oln+ I}|i hkn, i}wiqhjn} hwqi}ik|hq yjh iswn}oæín jho} mnjw`i|h li |nlh} h}
hdoqjhæùi} !IY ]NY! y}hlh} h|qhtï} ln} }ïmy`n}, whqh xyi h cyjhkolhli wn}}h |iq h itolåkmoh, hk|i }iy}
wqýwqon} n`cn}, lh @oaiq|hæín i Lnjêkon xyi i}|ín hn }iy h`mhkmi+
Qifnuoehjn*kn} i lhjn} fqhæh} wnqxyi ki}|i hkn }iqè `oaiqhln yj hayklhk|i hwnon dokhkmioqn whqh i}|i
|qhah`cn, i h}}oj O`ojo|hlh @yu i Aåkæín} }iqín |qhuolh} ç cyjhkolhli+ Ij |nlh} h} Olhli} li Nyqn wh}}hlh},
xyhkln h Fqhkli @yu lh} No|hth} ]ywiqonqi} li}miy ç \iqqh, iktn`tikln i lo}}n`tikln h mqohæín cyjhkh ij
|nqkn ln} oklotêlyn}, i`i} i}|hthj |ín mhwhmo|hln} h wiki|qhq kh} No|hth} ]ywiqonqi} h|qhtï} lh To}ín i
Hyloæín Ok|iqkh} i ln ]ik|ojik|n, xyi wiqmiaiqhj, wnq iswiqoåkmoh wqýwqoh, h Tiqlhlioqh Qih`olhli+
Tiqodomhqhj, |hjaïj, xyi h dnqjh is|iqkh iqh hwikh} h qnywhfij li}|h ]èaoh ]ywqijh Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi h
Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! y}ny, h doj li ikmnk|qhq iswqi}}ín kh No|hth jho} lik}h, whqh lik|qn lh xyh` n
cyjhkn }i liosny h|qhoq+
Wnlio} ojhfokhq, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n} lh @yu, hoklh xyi wnq h`fyk} ok}|hk|i}, xyi h`ifqoh o}|n |qhu hn} mnqhæùi}
lh Cn}|i li Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln}, xyi }i `oaiq|hqhj h|qhtï} ln i}dnqæn hy|nmnk}moik|i li}|h} ji}jh}
`ojo|hæùi} cyjhkh} xyi hfnqh iswiqojik|ho}> H}}oj mnjn i}|i} Hjhln} Jik}hfioqn} toiqhj h mnkcimiq,
mnj w`ikh }ifyqhkæh, i}|h @oaiqlhli, h}}oj |hjaïj |nlh h cyjhkolhli mnjwqiikliqè yj loh xyi mhlh xyh`
wnli dhuiq n kimi}}èqon i}dnqæn hy|nmnk}moik|i whqh qimnkcimiq i hmio|hq i}|h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! i
na|iq i}|h ji}jh @oaiq|hæín+
Xyi kikcyj ln} hjhln} lo}mêwy`n} mnji|h n iqqn li wik}hq xyi h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! h|yhqè
okliwiklik|ijik|i ln #&wqýwqon i}dnqæn hy|nmnk}moik|i ln oklotêlyn+ O}|n kykmh wnli }iq =+ Ï tiqlhli xyi,
liwno} xyi n lo}mêwy`n h`mhkæny yj miq|n fqhy li hlohk|hjik|n, h @io whqimi h|yhq xyh}i hy|njh|omhjik|i,
jh} o}}n ï }njik|i litoln h yj dnq|i ojwy`}n i}|hai`imoln ij |nqkn ln oklotêlyn+ Liosho*ji i}m`hqimiq*tn}5
h|ï xyi |ikcho} h}mik}onkhln, kykmh liosio} li dhuiq }õw`omh mnk}moik|i wi`h tn}}h @oaiq|hæín+
Tikcn cnei qiwh}}hq h`fyjh} li}|h} }ojw`i}, hoklh xyi |nln* wnliqn}h} lim`hqhæùi} lh Tiqlhli, wnqxyi
li}ien xyi mhlh lo}mêwy`n xyi i}|è }na i}|h Qhlohæín, wn}}yh yjh mýwoh lh} ji}jh} whqh xyi h `ioh, wi`n
jikn} yjh tiu hn loh+ Hxyi`i} xyi douiqij, diqtnqn}h i mnk}moik|ijik|i, Iy iktohqio Jokch wqýwqoh
Qhlohæín Oklotolyh`, h doj li haikænè*`n} i h}}o}|o*`n} kn mhjokcn li }yh @oaiq|hæín+
Lyqhk|i n hkn wh}}hln, dn}|i} }n`omo|hln} h mhqqifhq tn}}h jik|i, mnqwn, `hq, jykln i h|otolhli mnj h
Wiqdioæín lh wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY!+ Hfnqh, mnj tn}}h wiqjo}}ín, iy tn} heylhqio i |hjaïj
mhqqifhqio tn}}n }iq i jykln mnj i}|h !Wnliqn}h Wiqdioæín i Hayklákmoh!+
IY I]\NY tn} ndiqimikln i}|h h}}o}|åkmoh, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n}( Xyi kokfyïj }ieh |ín |n`n h wnk|n li
lytolhq, wno} !IY ]NY+! Ei}y}, n Mqo}|n lh Fh`o`ïoh, xyi mnkcimi}|i} cè lno} jo` hkn} wh}}hln}, Xyij tn}
i}|è lo|hkln i}|i lo}myq}n i ndiqimikln i}|h H}}o}|åkmoh+

?9
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Liosho*ji h}}ifyqhq*tn} ny|qh tiu xyi i}|i |qhah`cn li ]hok| Fiqjhok i Jiy ï ok|ioqhjik|i lodiqik|i li
xyh`xyiq ny|qh mno}h xyi |ikch }oln loty`fhlh whqh n Jykln Nmolik|h`, wnqxyi ki}|i |qhah`cn kín cè
mnkmio|n} kij nwokoùi} cyjhkh}+ Kín dno wn}}êti` qih`ouè*`n hk|iqonqjik|i, h|ï xyi h @yu To}êti` i n} Qhon}
ln ]nj wyli}}ij }iq i}|hai`imoln}, h|qhtï} ln} xyho} mnkcimojik|n i ok}|qyæín wyli}}ij }iq joko}|qhln}+ ]i
tý}, hjhln} Jiy}, mnjn lo}mêwy`n}, dnqli} mhwhui} li mnjwqiikliq o}|n, xyín fqhkli} }iqín h} aåkæín} i n}
aikidêmon} xyi qimiaiqio}(
H wqn|iæín xyi dno lhlh ç Hjïqomh i h ny|qh} whq|i} ln jykln, lyqhk|i n} ji}i} wh}}hln}, |qhk}mikliy h |yln
xyi Iy ehjho} mnkcimo ij Jokch iswiqoåkmoh+ ]i h cyjhkolhli hn jikn} ik|ikli}}i o}}n, mnj xyi
lo}wn}oæín wnliqoh mnnwiqhq whqh jhk|i*`h( H}}oj, i}|h \nlh*Wnliqn}h H|otolhli wnliqoh }iq hyjik|hlh+
]njik|i wnlijn} mchjhq tn}}h h|ikæín whqh h Tiqlhli, h Qih`olhli, |h` mnjn Ký} h mnkcimijn}+ Xyhkln
wyliqli} hmio|hq w`ikhjik|i i}|h Tiqlhli i hw`omè*`h ij tn}}n jykln i h|otolhli, na|iqio} |nlh h wqnth
isofolh ij tn}}h wqýwqoh iswiqoåkmoh whqh wiqjo|oq*tn} mnkcimiq n W`ikn Wnliq lh Tiqlhli li xyi tn} dh`io+
H hmio|hæín li}|h Tiqlhli wå`n} lo}mêwy`n} heylhq*ji*è h mhqqifhq }yh} mnk}moåkmoh} i ikmciq }iy} jykln}
mnj h h|otolhli mnqqi}wnklik|i+
Hxyi`i} xyi lytolhj, litij i}wiqhq, wnqxyi h lõtolh i n jiln }ín h} lyh} wnq|h} h|qhtï} lh} xyho} mhlh }iq
cyjhkn liti wh}}hq whqh mnkcimiq i mnkxyo}|hq }yh W`ikh i Mnjw`i|h @oaiq|hæín+ H mchti xyi haqi i}}h}
wnq|h} ï n Hjnq Lotokn, xyhkln yj qimnkcimi }iq }yh wqýwqoh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! h W`iko|yli ln
Wnliq ln Hjnq Lotokn ij Hæín+
H Wnq|h whqh h ]ï|ojh No|hth li @yu wiqjhkimi haiq|h h |nln} n} hjhln} i}|ylhk|i} }na i}|h Qhlohæín xyi
douiqij yjh hw`omhæín hy|nmnk}moik|i }okmiqh i diqtnqn}h+ O}|n, Jiy} hjhln} oqjín} i oqjí}, }ofkodomh tn}}h
`oaiq|hæín+ ]no} mhwhui} li h`mhkæhq i}|i wnk|n ij w`ikn Wnliq li tn}}h Mnk}moåkmoh !IY ]NY! i }iq `otqi}>
Ikxyhk|n Iy I}|ny lo|hkln i}|h} wh`htqh} hn} Jik}hfioqn}, h|qhtï} li hjw`odomhlnqi} xyi tn}}n jykln
is|iqonq hoklh kín mnkcimi, i}|h} wh`htqh} i i}|h Qhlohæín i}|ín h|okfokln n jykln jik|h` i ijnmonkh` lh
cyjhkolhli i mnjiæhkln h h|yhq ojiloh|hjik|i+ Ç jilolh xyi n} lo}mêwy`n} i n} oklotêlyn} dnqij, hn}
wnymn}, mnk|h|hkln i}|h} wh`htqh}, ikmnk|qhqín yjh qi}wn}|h ojiloh|h xyi `ci} wiqjo|oqè }ik|oq h Tiqlhli i h
Qih`olhli lhxyo`n xyi dh`n+
I}}h cyjhkolhli, xyi h|qhtï} ln} }iqtoæn} qi`ofon}n} lh} ofqieh} i}|è qimnkcimikln Jokch H}mik}ín, wnq xyi
kín wnli i`h }ik|oq h Tiqlhlioqh Qih`olhli i }haiq xyi, ij Jiy H}mik}onkhln i I|iqkn Mnqwn li @yu, Iy
wn}}n h`mhkæhq i h`mhkæn |nln} n} xyi Ji haqoqij }iy} mnqhæùi}> Nc, do`cn} lh \iqqh( Hwqiklio h ykoq tn}}n
}ik|ojik|n lh Tiqlhli hn qimnkcimojik|n lh Tiqlhli xyi li}ieho} jhkodi}|hq ij tn}}h tolh+ Ik|ín, i}|hqio}
mhwhmo|hln} h mnk}ifyoq xyh`xyiq }ya`oji qih`ouhæín ij tn}}h ay}mh lh @oaiqlhli+
!IY ]NY! h Wnq|h Haiq|h xyi cnjij h`fyj wnli dimchq(
Tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï h Tiqlhli, n Mhjokcn i h Tolh+
Tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï h @yu xyi o`yjokh |nln }iq cyjhkn xyi tij hn jykln+
Tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï h @yu, ï h Ok|i`ofåkmoh xyi tn} loqofi, ï tn}}h Ikiqfoh ]y}|ik|hlnqh
Oki}fn|èti`+
Tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï h @yu, ï h Ok|i`ofåkmoh [ik|qn li tn}}n mnqhæín, ï h @yu xyi tn}
iktn`ti ij ]yh Wqi}ikæh @yjokn}h, ï tn}}n I|iqkn Mok|yqín li wqn|iæín h|qhtï} ln xyh` kikcyjh mqohæín
cyjhkh wnli wh}}hq, ï tn}}n Qi}iqth|ýqon I|iqkn li Ikiqfoh oki}fn|èti` xyi wnlio} `oaiqhq xyhkln li}ieho},
h|qhtï} lh qi}iqth mnk}moik|i xyi |otiqli} dio|n+
Tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï h Dnk|i lh I|iqkh Eytik|yli i Ai`iuh, xyi wnlio} mchjhq ç hæín i
iswqi}}ín ij tn}}h dnqjh cyjhkh+
Tn}}h Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! ï h Qi}}yqqioæín i h Tolh li Tn}}n mnqwn, li tn}}n jykln li h|otolhli,
lik|qn lhxyi`h Wiqdioæín xyi |nln mnqhæín cyjhkn |hk|n li}ieh+
H|ik|ho aij ko}|n, hjhln} lo}mêwy`n} lh @yu( Xyhkln i}|ho} wqndiqokln i}|h} hdoqjhæùi} whqh tý} ji}jn} i
Jiy !IY ]NY! louikln*h} whqh tý}, kín tili} xyi n i}|hjn} dhuikln whqh n qi}|n lh cyjhkolhli, |hk|n
xyhk|n wnq ký} ji}jn}> Xyi hn ijo|oqli} yj limqi|n li h`fn h|qhtï} li !IY ]NY! tý} n i}|ho} ijo|okln
whqh |nlh h cyjhkolhli |hk|n xyhk|n whqh tý} ji}jn}> H}}oj n ijwqifn i h lim`hqhæín li !IY ]NY! |nqkh*
}i \nlh*Wnliqn}h i oki}fn|èti` ij ]yh H|otolhli i h|yh whqh }ijwqi h`ïj ln qiokn ln ifnê}jn cyjhkn+ Wnq
xyi> Wnqxyi i}|ho} wilokln whqh |nln} n} do`cn} li Liy} h ji}jh Wiqdioæín xyi i}|ho} h|qhokln whqh tý}
ji}jn}+
O}|n }ý ï wn}}êti` wi`n ijwqifn lh} hdoqjhæùi} !IY ]NY! i }yh hw`omhæín, wnqxyi hfokln lik|qn lh Wqi}ikæh
!IY ]NY! I`h tn} qi|oqh ok}|hk|hkihjik|i lh h|otolhli nkli cheh ifnê}jn cyjhkn+ I}|h ï h qhuín wi`h xyh` n
lo}mêwy`n }okmiqn i diqtnqn}n, xyi iswy`}hq |nlh lõtolh i |ijnq, ikmnk|qhq*}i*è h }o ji}jn hfokln lik|qn li
yjh i}diqh li h|otolhli wn}o|oth i limo}oth xyi kín mnkcimi h|qh}n ny ok}ymi}}n ij mno}h h`fyjh+ Wnq|hk|n,
Nc, hjhln}( Kín tili} mnjn i}|ho} hfokln kyj jykln li okdh`oao`olhli, kn xyh` tn}}n} limqi|n}
wn}}oao`o|hj n W`ikn Wnliq ln !IY ]NY! h ik|qhq ij hæín, naqofhkln h li}hwhqimiq |nlh li}hqjnkoh i
`ojo|hæín cyjhkh>

?4
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
Hfnqh tn} ikykmon n Limqi|n xyi h Cn}|i ln} Ji}|qi} H}mik}onkhln} i n} lo}mêwy`n} ijo|oqhj nk|ij ç kno|i
kn Qnh` \i|nk5 !H @oaiqlhli, ]hõli, Wqn}wiqolhli i Hæín Chqjnkon}h }iqín liqqhjhlh} }naqi n jykln,
mnjn kykmh hk|i} dno iswiqojik|hln kh \iqqh!+
N} lo}mêwy`n} xyi }i ykoqij h Ký} ki}|i Limqi|n, i}|hqín wqi}|hkln yj }iqtoæn xyi n} haikænhqè h|qhtï} ln}
|ijwn}+ ]njik|i wnqxyi h Hjïqomh ï h \hæh * n ]hk|n Fqh`* ï xyi }ijwqi h mo|hjn} ij wqojioqn `yfhq+ \nlh}
litiqohj }haiq, }ij lõtolh, xyi hxyi`i xyi haikænh h Hjïqomh haikænh n jykln+
Yjh H|otolhli, yjh Qhlohæín ehjho} mnkcimolh} li}li n hwnfiy lh õ`|ojh Olhli li Nyqn, kh H|`ák|olh,
dnqhj iktohlh} ln Mnkm`hti qih`ouhln kn Qnh` \i|nk, myeh li}mqoæín ]hok| Fiqjhok tn} dhqè liwno}+
H W`iko|yli li Jiy Hjnq, @yu i Aåkæín}, liosn mnktn}mn i h |nlh h cyjhkolhli, whqh xyi h @yu lik|qn li
tn}}n mnqhæín }ieh |ín ok|ik}odomhlh, xyi kín jho} mnkciæhj `ojo|hæín li i}wïmoi h`fyjh i i}}h @yu }i |nqki
|ín wnliqn}h xyi }njik|i ]yh Qhlohæín mnk}yjh |nlh h mqohæín cyjhkh hmyjy`hlh h|qhtï} ln wh}}hln ny
wqi}ik|i, `oaiqhkln h |nln} whqh }ijwqi+
Jiy Hjnq iktn`th h |nln}, whqh }ijwqi+
EI]Y], N MQO]\N

?6
 N @otqn li Nyqn li ]hok| Fiqjhok
]ieho} Jho} Yj
Iy }yfiqoqoh xyi h`fyjh} tiui} hn loh, wik}è}}io} ij tý} ji}jn} mnjn yjh i}wïmoi li i}|hæín li qèlon
ijo|okln Whu i Anh*Tnk|hli h |nlh h cyjhkolhli+ ]haio xyi, ki}|h Wn|ik|i Mnk}moåkmoh n Wnliq O`ojo|hln lh
Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh !IY ]NY! d`yo }naqi mhlh oklotêlyn, lhkln*`ci hxyo`n xyi i`i i}|è hw|n h qimiaiq, |qhuikln
i}m`hqimojik|n i limo}ín h mhlh yj+ ]ili mnk}moik|i} li xyi tn}}h} jik|i} }ín Mik|qn} Lotokn} |ín
wnliqn}n}, xyi, h xyh`xyiq jnjik|n, wnlio} |njhq limo}ùi} qèwolh} i hmiq|hlh} h|qhtï} ln Wnliq ln Hjnq
Lotokn+ Qimnkcimio xyi tn}}h jik|i ï hwikh} yj tiêmy`n lh Fqhkli Wqi}ikæh Ji}|qh lh Wnliqn}h Wqi}ikæh
!IY ]NY! lik|qn li tý} i xyi litio} nailimiq çxyi`h Wqi}ikæh Ok|iqkh h |nln n jnjik|n+ Nqlikho*`ci whqh
xyi h|yi }ijwqi mnj limo}ín, h|ikæín i qhwoliu, i xyi |nln n }ik|ojik|n cyjhkn li okmiq|iuh }ieh whqh
}ijwqi mnk}yjoln+
N loh li cnei ï n wnk|n dnmh` li liu jo` hkn}, n mnjiæn li ny|qn mom`n li liu jo` hkn}, i n} Fqhkli} ]iqi} li
Tåky}, xyi }ijwqi dnqhj ok}|qyjik|n} li }niqfyojik|n lh cyjhkolhli i lh kn}}h \iqqh, i}|ín wqi}ik|i ki}|i
loh, liqqhjhkln }naqi |nlh h cyjhkolhli yjh Wnliqn}h Qhlohæín+ O}}n |qhqè jho} qhwolhjik|i jhonq
i}|hao`olhli i mnkdohkæh hn} mnqhæùi} li jyo|n} mcidi} li fntiqkn+ Wqnlyuoqè ki`i} yj dnq|i li}ien li
qi}|hai`imiq kn jykln h mnkdohkæh i h wqn}wiqolhli, i `ci} dhqè }ik|oq jho} wqndyklhjik|i Hjnq i `ih`lhli
wi`n }iy wqnfqi}}n ln xyi h|ï ik|ín chtohj }ik|oln+ Jyo|n} |iqín hwqikloln xyi kín wnlij fntiqkhq h
cyjhkolhli mnj jín li diqqn, wno} i}|ín tikln xyi n ismi}}n li hy|nqolhli, xyi |hk|n li}iehj isiqmiq }naqi
ny|qij, i}|è }i tn`|hkln mnk|qh i`i} ji}jn}, whqh }yh qilikæín+ ]i i`i} wyliqij fqhthq }ydomoik|ijik|i i}|h
`oæín, yjh fqhkli mh`hjolhli }iqè ito|hlh+ Ki}|i wiqênln li hmi`iqhæín, wnlij }iq dio|h} mno}h} kn myq|n
i}whæn li tok|i hkn}, xyi ij ny|qn} |ijwn} qixyiqiqohj mij+

?3