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Onde:
𝛿𝑖0 = 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑠;
𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎;
𝑋𝑖 = 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑖𝑛𝑐ó𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠).
Sendo:
𝛿𝑖𝑗 =Combinação dos diagramas resultantes da aplicação das cargas 𝑋𝑖 e 𝑋𝑗 , (hiperestáticos), no
sistema principal isostático.
𝛿𝑖0 =Combinação dos diagramas resultantes da aplicação das cargas 𝑋𝑖 , (hiperestáticos),
𝛿𝑖𝑗 =Combinação dos diagramas resultantes da aplicação da carga 𝑋𝑖 , (hiperestático), e 𝑋0,
(carregamento externo) no sistema principal isostático.
𝑀𝑖 . 𝑀𝑗
𝛿𝑖𝑗 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙ℎ𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐾𝑢𝑟𝑡 𝐵𝑒𝑦𝑒𝑟.
𝐸𝐼
No caso, temos as seguintes equações de compatibilidade:
1 x hip 𝛿𝑖0 + 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑋𝑖 = 0
𝛿10 𝛿 𝛿12 𝑋1 0
2 x hip { } + { 11 }.{ } = { }
𝛿20 𝛿21 𝛿22 𝑋2 0
𝛿10 𝛿11 𝛿12 𝛿13 𝑋1 0
3 x hip {𝛿20 } + {𝛿21 𝛿22 𝛿23 } . {𝑋2 } = {0}
𝛿30 𝛿31 𝛿32 𝛿33 𝑋3 0
Assim sucessivamente.
Método prático de resolução do sistema
𝑒 𝑎 𝑏 𝑋1 0
{𝑓 } + { }.{ } = { }
𝑐 𝑑 𝑋2 0
𝑏. 𝑓 − 𝑑. 𝑒 𝑐. 𝑒 − 𝑎. 𝑓
𝑋1 = 𝑋2 =
𝑎. 𝑑 − 𝑏. 𝑐 𝑎. 𝑑 − 𝑏. 𝑐
Roteiro do método das forças
1- Escolha do sistema principal (SP), isostático;
2- Traçado dos diagramas;
3- Cálculo dos 𝛿𝑖,𝑗 ;
4- Resolução do sistema - Equações de compatibilidade;
5- Efeitos Finais - 𝐸𝑓 = 𝐸0 + ∑(𝐸𝑖 . 𝑋𝑖 ).
tint
text
tcg
h c.g 𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡 −𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡
Δ𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑡𝑐.𝑔 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡 > 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡
2
tint
D
A 1,0
6,0 (m)
Prof. Murilo Monfort Paz e Bem 2
Solução:
(1) Grau de hiper estaticidade (g) = ge + gi:
𝑔𝑒 = 𝑟 − 𝑒 ↔ 5 − 3 = 2
𝑔𝑖 = 0 ↔ 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎.
𝑔 = 𝑔𝑒 + 𝑔𝑖 = 2 + 0 = 2 ↔ 𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑧𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎.
tint 70oC
3,0
A 1,0
6,0 (m)
text 10oC
X1=1,0
tint 70oC
3,0
1,0
1,0 1,0
6,0
1/6
1/6
M1 (kN.m) N1 (kN)
-1,0
-1,0
B
3,0 +1/6
3,0 -1/6
1,0
1,0
A 6,0
6,0
-1,0 1/6
1/6 1/6
1/6
tint 70oC
3,0
1/3
4/3
1/3 1,0
6,0
1/6 1/6
M2 (kN.m) N2 (kN)
-1,0
-1,0
B
-1/3
3,0
-1/6
3,0 +1/6
1/3
1,0
A 4/3 1,0 1/3 6,0
6,0
1/6
1/6
𝛿1𝑡 𝛿 𝛿12 𝑋1 0
2 x hip { } + { 11 }.{ } = { }
𝛿2𝑡 𝛿21 𝛿22 𝑋2 0
𝑀𝑖 ∗ 𝑀𝑗
𝛿𝑖,𝑗 = ∫ ⇔ 𝐸𝐼𝛿𝑖,𝑗 = ∫ 𝑀𝑖. 𝑀𝑗
𝐸𝐼
M1 (kN.m) M2 (kN.m)
-1,0
-1,0
-1,0 -1,0
B
B C C
3,0 3,0
D D 1/3
1,0
A
A 4/3 1,0
6,0 1/3 6,0
-1,0 1/6 1/6
1/6 1/6
𝐸𝐼𝛿1,1 barra M1 M1
∫ 𝑀1𝑀1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜
AB -1 -1
L = 4m 4,0(−1)(−1) = 4,0
BC 1
-1 -1
6,0(−1)(−1) = 2,0
L=6m 3
6,0
𝐸𝐼𝛿11 = ∫ 𝑀1. 𝑀1 ⇔ 2,0. 104 𝛿1,1 = 6,0 ⇔ 𝛿11 = = 3,0. 10−4
2,0. 104
𝐸𝐼𝛿1,2 barra M1 M2
∫ 𝑀1𝑀2 − 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜
AB
L = 4m -1 1 4
4/3 4,0 ( ) (−1) = −2,67
2 3
BC 1
-1 -1 6,0(−1)(−1) = 1,0
L=6m 6
−1,67
𝐸𝐼𝛿12 = 𝐸𝐼𝛿2,1 = ∫ 𝑀1. 𝑀2 ⇔ 2,0. 104 𝛿1,2 = −1,67 ⇔ 𝛿1,2 = 𝛿2,1 = = −0,83. 10−4
2,0. 104
B -1,0
C
3,0
D
A 4/3 1,0
6,0
𝐸𝐼𝛿2,2 barra M1 M2
∫ 𝑀1𝑀2 − 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜
AB
L = 4m 1 4 4
4,0 ( ) ( ) = 2,37
4/3 3 3 3
BC 1
-1 -1 6,0(−1)(−1) = 2,0
L=6m 3
CD
-1 -1 1
L=3m
3,0(−1)(−1) = 1,0
3
5,37
𝐸𝐼𝛿2,2 = ∫ 𝑀2. 𝑀2 ⇔ 2,0. 104 𝛿1,2 = 5,37 ⇔ 𝛿2,2 = = 2,69. 10−4
2,0. 104
1 1 1 1 1 1 11
∑ 𝐴𝑁1 = 4 (− ) + (3 ( )) = − ; ∑ 𝐴𝑁2 = 4 ( ) + (3 (− )) + 6 (− ) = −
6 6 6 6 6 3 6
N1 (kN) N2 (kN)
B C
-1/3
3,0
3,0 +1/6 -1/6
-1/6 +1/6
D
1,0 1,0
A
6,0 6,0
1/6 1/6
1/6 1/6
4
6(−1) 4( ) 6(−1) 3 (−1)
3
∑ 𝐴𝑀1 = 4(−1) + (( )) = −7; ∑ 𝐴𝑀2 = ( )+( )+( ) = −1,83
2 2 2 2
M1 (kN.m) M2 (kN.m)
-1,0
-1,0
-1,0 -1,0
B
B C C
3,0 3,0
D D
Variação A 1,0 A 4/3 1,0
6,0 6,0
-1,0 1/6
1/6
text
h c.g
tcg
tint
Δ𝑡
𝜑𝑖𝑡 = 𝛼. 𝑡𝑐𝑔 . ∑ 𝐴𝑁 + 𝛼. . ∑ 𝐴𝑀
ℎ
1 60
𝜑1𝑡 = 10−5 (40) (− ) + 10−5 ( ) (−7) = −1056,67. 10−5 = −105,7. 10−4
6 0,4
11 60
𝜑2𝑡 = 10−5 (40) (− ) + 10−5 ( ) (−1,83) = −347,83. 10−5 = −34,8. 10−4
6 0,4
Cálculo da matriz de flexibilidade – a flexão
𝛿1𝑡 𝛿 𝛿12 𝑋1 0
2 x hip { } + { 11 }.{ } = { }
𝛿2𝑡 𝛿21 𝛿22 𝑋2 0
−105,7 3,0 −0,83 𝑋 0
{ } 10−4 + { } 10−4 . { 1 } = { }
−34,8 −0,83 2,69 𝑋2 0
3,0 3,0
D D 1/3
A
A 1,0 4/3 1,0
6,0 1/3 6,0
-1,0 1/6 1/6
1/6 1/6
-42,4
-26,0
-42,4 -26,0
B
C
3,0
D 8,7
A
1,0
-7,7
6,0
8,7
2,7
2,7
B C
3,0
D
A 1,0
6,0 (m)
10−3 rad
0,1 m
0,2 m
Recalque no apoio
Vetor do efeito externo 𝛿𝑖𝑟 = − ∑ 𝑅𝑖 . 𝜌𝑖
𝑅𝑖 = 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜;
𝜌𝑖 = 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜.
Reações de apoio – Estado 1 Reações de apoio – Estado
1,0
1,0
1,0 C
B 1,0
C
B
3,0 3,0
D D 1/3
1,0 A 4/3
A 1,0 1,0
6,0 1/3 6,0
1/6 1/6
1/6 1/6
Referencial. (+)
1
𝛿1𝑟 = − [( ) (−0,01) + (1)(10−3 )] = 6,67. 10−4
6
1 1 4
𝛿2𝑟 = − [(− ) (−0,01) + ( ) (−0,02) + (− ) (10−3 )] = −0,00633 = 63,3. 10−4
6 3 3
Cálculo da matriz de flexibilidade – a flexão
𝛿1𝑟 𝛿 𝛿12 𝑋1 0
2 x hip { } + { 11 }.{ } = { }
𝛿2𝑟 𝛿21 𝛿22 𝑋2 0
3,0 3,0
D D 1/3
A
A 1,0 4/3 1,0
6,0 1/3 6,0
-1,0 1/6 1/6
1/6 1/6
9,5 26,5
B
C
9,5
3,0 26,5
D 8,8
A
-25,8 1,0
6,0
8,8
2,8
2,8