Apostila IGTA3 2017.1 PDF

Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves
Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 3 (IGTA-3)

Profa.: Daniela Terenzi (daniela.ufscar@gmail.com)
2017.1
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UNIT 1
Theme: Ice Protection
1. Traduza (para o português) as palavras abaixo.
a. Longtime: ______________________
b. (to) build: ______________________
c. Air inlets: ______________________
d. Leading-edge: __________________
e. (to) freeze: _____________________
f. Freezer: ______________________
g. Freezing: ______________________
h. Frozen: ______________________
i. Freezing temperature: ____________
j. (to) cool: ______________________
k. Cooler: ______________________ m. Unless: ______________________
l. Supercooled: __________________ n. Unusual: _____________________
Capítulo 15 – Apostila FAA.
Leia a introdução. Circule as palavras que você não conhece.
Discuta o significado delas com um colega. Entenda o parágrafo.
https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/amt_airframe_handbook/media/ama_Ch15.pdf
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2. Julgue cada sentença abaixo como V – verdadeira ou F – falsa, de acordo com o texto da página 4 da
apostila.
a. ( ) O fato de voar adicionou uma nova dimensão, particularmente em relação ao gelo.

b. ( ) O gelo pode se formar nas entradas de ar apenas em uma condição específica da
atmosfera.
c. ( ) Em dias em que há umidade visível no ar, o gelo pode se formar no bordo de ataque
da aeronave.
d. ( ) Gotículas de água no ar podem ser super resfriadas abaixo de zero sem se tornar gelo.
e. ( ) A tensão da superfície da gotícula de água não permite que a gotícula expanda e
congele.
f. ( ) Quando as superfícies da aeronave “perturbam” as gotículas, elas imediatamente se
tornam gelo.
Types of ice
The two types of ice encountered during flight are clear and rime. Clear ice forms when
the remaining liquid portion of the water drop flows out over the aircraft surface,
gradually freezing as a smooth sheet of solid ice. Formation occurs when droplets are
large, such as in rain or in cumuliform clouds. Clear ice is hard, heavy, and tenacious.
Its removal by deicing equipment is especially difficult.
Rime ice forms when water drops are small, such as those in stratified clouds or light
drizzle. The liquid portion remaining after initial impact freezes rapidly before the drop
has time to spread over the aircraft surface. The small frozen droplets trap air giving
the ice a white appearance. Rime ice is lighter in weight than clear ice and its weight is
of little significance. However, its irregular shape and rough surface decrease the
effectiveness of the aerodynamic efficiency of airfoils, reducing lift and increasing drag.
Rime ice is brittle and more easily removed than clear ice.
Mixed clear and rime icing can form rapidly when water drops vary in size or when
liquid drops intermingle with snow or ice particles. Ice particles become imbedded in
clear ice, building a very rough accumulation sometimes in a mushroom shape on
leading edges. Ice may be expected to form whenever there is visible moisture in the
air and temperature is near or below freezing. An exception is carburetor icing, which
can occur during warm weather with no visible moisture present.
Quais são os tipos de gelo encontrados durante o voo? Quais as principais características de
cada um?
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3. De acordo com o texto da página 5, complete o quadro a seguir. Escreva quais são as características
de cada tipo de gelo.
TIPOS DE GELO
Clear ice: Rime ice: Mixed icing:
Formação
Características
4
CROSSWORD
Across Down
5. gelo 1. nuvem
6. líquido 2. garoa/chuva fraca
7. congelar 3. ar
8. neve 4. cogumelo
9. gotícula 8. folha/camada
13. humidade 10. inimigo
11. chuva
12. pesado
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Video Activity
Listening Comprehension
1. The ice protection system protects…:

a. ( ) Just the wings
b. ( ) the wings, engines and other areas
c. ( ) the wings and other areas
2. What’s an icing cloud?

a. ( ) a cloud full of frozen droplets
b. ( ) a cloud having droplets that are at below zero (oC)
c. ( ) a cloud of water that freezes when it hits the airplane
3. What are the effects of ice accumulation?

a. ( ) increasing drag and other problems
b. ( ) problems with drag
c. ( ) problems to the pilot
4. NASA is also working on …

a. ( ) sensors
b. ( ) conditions
c. ( ) controllers
5. NASA has partner with the FAA and other international organizations in order to …
a. ( ) help us all
b. ( ) provide free online courses
c. ( ) help pilots make better operational decisions
6. NASA has developed fluid that…

a. ( ) contributes to flight safety
b. ( ) introduces dangerous chemicals into the environment
c. ( ) contributes to ice buildup on aircraft
7. How much of aircraft de-icing fluid is used?

a. ( ) billions of gallons per year.
b. ( ) half of billion gallons per year.
c. ( ) a billion gallons annually.
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NASA Vodcast
Every commercial airplane has an ice protection system that protects the wings, engines
and other areas from in-flight airframe icing. If an airplane ___________ an icing cloud, a
cloud containing liquid water droplets that are at below freezing temperatures, ice might form
on its wings and other ___________. The effect of this ice accumulation could range from
increasing drag to possible handling problems that the pilot would have to ____________.
Today we understand and protect against airframe icing. NASA icing research aircraft and icing
research tunnel help us investigate how ice ________________, the various shapes this ice
accumulation can take and their effect on air dynamic performance and handle of the aircraft.
NASA is also working on sensors that can remotely ____________ icing conditions a lot, by
knowing the current conditions ____________, pilots and controllers can respond more
appropriately. NASA wealthy of in-flight icing research has been translated to operational
___________ for pilots through the development of ____________ materials. NASA has
partner with the FAA and other international ___________________ to provide free online
courses. Helping pilots make better operational decisions helps us all. Research on in-flight
icing and the pilot training have resulted in increases to the ____________ of travel on today
commercial airliners. A NASA developed fluid also contributes to flight safety without
introducing ______________ chemicals into the environment. Ice buildup on aircraft is
eliminated with a non-toxic fluid so environmentally safe its ingredients have been approved by
the food and drug administration for use in food.
The new fluid does a better job of grabbing onto
an airplane surface when a plane is arrested
providing a long lasting _________ to ice
buildup. When the plane _______________, the
fluid gets thinner and blows away so the wings
are clean and have plenty of lift force to become
airborne. With an estimative of half of billion
gallons of aircraft di-icing fluid used annually
_____________, this NASA invention provides
benefits on the ground and in the air.
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apWHdd1vmPI
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Theme: Ice Protection

EXTRA ACTIVITY
Complete the sentences using such, such as or such a/an:
TripDeck – Travel Itinerary Manager

TripDeck is a great iPhone itinerary App that includes TripIt integration and allows users to manage hotel
reservations, flights, hotel reservations, and much more. (…) Some essentials, ________ push notification and
live flight stats are behind a paid DLC wall, but overall, TripDeck is recommended as a great iOS trip manager.
Flight Status Pro - Flight Tracker

Flight Status lacks some of the polish and features of FlightTrack Pro, but unique features and UI still make a
great alternative for users needing a flight tracker. Flight Status allows users to organize flights by trips, and,
aside from the standard flight information, the ability to easily locate amenities (________ hotels, car rental
locations, restaurants, e.t.c.) near arrival airports. (…)
http://appadvice.com/appguides/show/flight-tracker-apps
Neither the FAA nor EASA non-engine regulations currently contain any requirements relating to multiple bird
strikes of the type that may arise from bird flocking behavior. _________ multiple strikes may result in some
“pre-loading” of aircraft structures and windshields and may mean that the current certification analysis and
test regimes are inadequate to model this scenario.
The discussion on the effect of bird strikes on aircraft systems concluded that ______ effect involved mainly
external sensors.
Aircraft systems can also be vulnerable to bird strike. External system components _________ air data
sensors, lights, antennae, de-icing equipment and undercarriage components are vulnerable to direct bird
strike.
For example, in Russia, the Aviation register of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC AR) is responsible for
the certification and continued airworthiness of aircraft. ________ certification is based on the FAR and the
FAAR. Special Requirements AC 21-2J.
Similarly, the US data contains approximately 180 records of bird strike damage to external system elements
__________ antennae, pilot sensors, angle of attack vanes, etc.
http://www.easa.europa.eu/rulemaking/docs/research/Final%20report%20Bird%20Strike%20Study.pdf
__________ great experience. _________ great airline @AmericanAir. They seem to be _________ great
Airline with a very impressive customer service.
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Atividade Extra – “such”

Nomes: _______________________________________________
Data: _________________ Turma: _________
Fill in the blanks using: such, such as or such a/an.
________ - used for introducing more examples of the type of person or thing that you have just mentioned
________ - used for emphasizing a quality in someone or something, or for saying that something is unusual
________ - something previously stated or specified
1. The museum has paintings by Impressionist artists __________ Manet and Degas.
2. How can anyone live on __________ small salary?
3. The money is used to buy basic foods __________ flour, rice, and pasta.
4. You’ll have to get your own pen. __________ is mine.
5. You have to do some grammar activities. _________ activities will help you.
6. Students coming from outside the European Union will have to contact their nearest
Spanish embassy or consulate in order to get information on legal entry requirements
for Spain. __________ students will receive a letter of acceptance issued by the
International Relations Office to facilitate their receipt of a student visa.
7. He likes practicing sports __________ golf and skiing.
8. If it's __________ secret story, why did you tell me?
9. 'There are other things we could do.' '__________?'
10.She's __________ lovely person.
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UNIT 2
Theme: 787
Vocabulary Time (Slides)
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
Judge the following sentences as TRUE or FALSE.

If the sentence is FALSE, explain why the information is
not right according to the text.
A. ( ) Com base no título do texto, podemos inferir

que os problemas ocorridos com o 787 já foram
solucionados.
B. ( ) Os problemas com a bateria do 787 causaram
a paralização da frota ao redor do mundo.
C. ( ) Esperanças iniciais de que os problemas
seriam resolvidos rapidamente foram confirmadas.
D. ( ) A resolução dos problemas parece ser simples.
E. ( ) Há várias oficinas que podem realizar os testes na bateria.
F. ( ) Em janeiro, em uma das aeronaves, estacionadas no Aeroporto Internacional Logan, houve um
princípio de foga na bateria.
G. ( ) Dois eventos na bateria que resultaram em fumaça aconteceram com menos de duas semanas de
intervalo.
H. ( ) Ações drásticas foram tomadas devido aos problemas elétricos.
I. ( ) O incidente ocorrido com um jato da All Nippon Airways resultou apenas no aparecimento de
fumaça.
J. ( ) A Boeing e a FAA se disponibilizaram para comentar os fatos.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
http://content.yudu.com/A22ieq/AVMFebMar2013/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avm-mag.com%2Fcat%2Fnews
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GRAMMAR ON FOCUS
Activities on “either…or” – “neither…nor”
Fill in the blanks with the right option: “either…or” – “neither…nor” and the verb in its right form.
However, ________ Captain Jude ______ a Royal Air Force search plane pilot who also visited
the area _____ (to see / simple past / affirmative form) any sign of life.
There are many times that I might sleep on a plane, _______ on purpose ____ by accident.
Boeing has a virtual monopoly on the 757 class of airplane. ________ Airbus Industrie _____
the McDonnell Douglas Corporation, Boeing's main rivals, ____________ (to compete /
simple present / affirmative form) in that particular market.
When ________ Mr. Fossett’s plane ____ his remains turned up for more than a year, some
Nevada officials speculated publicly that the wealthy aviator might have faked his own death.
But _________ the F.A.A. ____ Boeing ________ (to make / simple past) any changes with
the 787 when Cessna replaced the lithium-ion batteries on its CJ4 business jet with nickel-
cadmium ones after a battery fire in October 2011, three weeks before the first 787 made its
inaugural airline flight.
LISTA DE EXERCÍCIOS
IGTA 3 – Both / such
Orientações:
1. Para realizar os exercícios a seguir, você vai precisar consultar o livro “Hydraulic and Pneumatics”.
2. O livro está disponível na biblioteca do IFSP – São Carlos e há vários exemplares.
3. Você deverá entregar à professora apenas as respostas, as quais podem ser feitas à mão (a lápis ou à
caneta) ou ainda digitadas e impressas, o que você preferir.
Referência do livro
PARR, Andrew. Hydraulics and Pneumatics: a technician’s and engineer’s guide. Elsevier. 3a ed. 2011.
Leia as informações do capítulo 9 “Safety, Fault-Finding and Maintenance”. De acordo com as explicações e
figuras contidas no livro, assinale a alternativa correta em cada item (apenas UMA está correta).
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Página 205
1. É responsabilidade ... garantir que nenhum dano aconteça a qualquer pessoa como resultado de
atividades em um local industrial.
a. ( ) de ambos: empregadores e funcionários
b. ( ) apenas dos empregadores
c. ( ) apenas dos funcionários
2. É interessante que a maioria das legislações de segurança são reativas ... em resposta a incidentes que
aconteceram e tentando previnir que eles ocorram novamente.
a. ( ) that is = isto é
b. ( ) for example = por exemplo
c. ( ) Internet Explorer = navegador para internet
3. A falha no “dever de cuidar” é chamada de ...

a. ( ) legislação.
b. ( ) bem-estar.
c. ( ) negligência.
4. ... uma vasta quantidade de legislações de segurança com vários níveis de autoridade.
a. ( ) Lá
b. ( )É
c. ( ) Há
5. Nos textos em inglês, “e.g.” significa ...

a. ( ) em latim exempli gratia, cujo significado é “for example”.
b. ( ) em inglês “explanation given”, para explicar o que foi dito antes.
c. ( ) em francês “est généré”, para explicar o que é avaliado.
6. Na sentença, podemos usar ... ao invés de “e.g.”.

a. ( ) such
b. ( ) such as
c. ( ) such a
Página 206
7. CENELEC e o British Standards Institute são ...

a. ( ) as únicas organizações que redigem documentos que definem métodos e procedimentos de
segurança.
b. ( ) exemplos de organizações que redigem documentos que definem métodos e procedimentos de
segurança.
c. ( ) documentos que definem métodos e procedimentos de segurança.
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8. Na Grã-Bretanha a principal legislação é de 1974 e abrange ...

a. ( ) ambos empregadores e funcionários.
b. ( ) apenas empregadores.
c. ( ) apenas funcionários.
9. Se uma organização tem ... funcionários, ela deve ter uma política de segurança por escrito.
a.( ) mais de 5.
b.( ) 5.
c.( ) 5 ou mais.
10. É incorreto afirmar que ...

a.( ) Funcionários são responsáveis apenas por sua própria segurança.
b.( ) Funcionários devem cooperar com os empregadores para garantir a segurança.
c.( ) Funcionários devem seguir práticas de segurança do trabalho.
14
UNIT 3
Theme: Tools and Equipments
Vocabulary Time (Word Game)
A. Anvil – bigorna; Axe – machado
B. Bit – broca; Broom – vassoura; Brush – escova/pincel
C. Calliper – calibrador; Chisel – conzel/formão
D. Divider – compasso; Drill (press) – furadeira; Dryer - secador
E. Emery – esmeril/lixa;
F. File – lima; Forge – forja; Fire extinguisher – extintor de incêndio
G. Goggles – óculos de proteção; Gloves – luvas; Glue – cola
H. Hammer – martelo; Handle – cabo; Hand saw – serrote; Hose – mangueira
K. Knife – faca
L. Latch – fecho
M. Microscope – microscópio
N. Nail – prego; Nut – porca
p. Plug – plugue; Pump – bomba; Pincers – pinça; Plier – alicate
R. Rivets – rebites; Rod – haste; Rule – régua
S. Screw – parafuso; Sand – lixa; Screwdriver – chave de fenda; Scissors – tesoura; Shovel – pá
T. Tape – fita
W. Washer – arruela; Wing nut – porca borboleta; Wire – arame/fio; Wrench – chave (ferramenta)
Tools Used in Aircraft Maintenance

By Michael Signal, eHow Contributor
Mechanics utilize a host of different tools to keep airplanes properly maintained and airworthy.
Aircraft mechanics need general mechanical aptitude and knowledge coupled with very particular skills
to do their jobs correctly. Similarly, they also utilize general mechanics' equipment as well as very specialized
tools to perform specific tasks and repairs. Civilian mechanics are generally required to own their own tools
for basic maintenance. Mechanics also use shop tools such as drill presses and other large machines that must
remain centrally located in a shop or hangar.
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Speed Handle
• Flight-line maintenance workers don't usually have much time to troubleshoot and repair
problems. Aircraft are full of service panels secured by several screws or bolts. A speed handle is basically a
very long screwdriver with the middle of its shaft offset. This part is used as a handle that a mechanic can spin
very quickly with one hand while using his other hand, or entire body, for leverage. Speed handles can also be
equipped with sockets.
Torque Wrench
• Screw-type fasteners on aircraft need to be installed to a specified torque, or tightness. The
only way to reliably tighten a screw, nut or bolt to the correct torque is to use a calibrated torque wrench.
Torque wrenches are designed to be set at various torque amounts. Once the wrench tightens to the specified
torque, the wrench clicks to let its user know that the desired torque has been reached.
Safety Wire Pliers
• Even though fasteners are torqued to safe specifications, failsafe mechanisms are often
employed o ensure that fasteners do not loosen. Safety wire is one of the most common methods to do this.
Safety wire pliers spin strands of aluminum wire into a strong braid that is used to "tie" nuts and bolts
together in such a way that any loosening of a nut or bolt would increase toughness on the strand of safety
wire and prevent any further loosening.
Metal Working Tools
• Airframe mechanics repair the actual metal structures of airplanes. They use tools to cut, bend,
grind and fasten metal. Drills and rivet guns are essential to installing rivets that hold aircraft skins and other
integral structural components. Workers use die grinders with interchangeable discs to cut or grind aluminum,
steel and even titanium. Workers also use other tools that are much less mobile, such as electric band saws
and sheet metal rollers.
Magnet
• Small metallic parts, fasteners and tools can cause catastrophic failures if they make their way
into moving cable assemblies or engines. Long and often extendable magnets are useful in retrieving stray
metallic items from locations that offer little accessibility.
Mirror
• Aircraft mechanics don't always have a direct line of sight to the parts they are working on or
inspecting. Sometimes using a mirror is the only way for a mechanic to see what she is doing. But sometimes
mirrors aren't even enough and mechanics have to install or remove fasteners by touch alone.
Read more: Tools Used in Aircraft Maintenance | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7618938_tools-used-aircraft-

maintenance.html#ixzz2PKLVkMhH
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UNIT 3
“Tools and Equipment”
Extra Activity
17
Exercícios de Revisão – P1
Para completar cada sentença, escolha a opção mais adequada. Depois, traduza todas as informações abaixo.
1. Grease and oil can be removed with a cleaning agent, ______ naptha, followed by soap and water
scrubbing. ( ) such as ( ) such ( ) such a ( ) either ( ) neither ( ) both
2. (…) chemical anti-ice systems exist generally for small aircraft. This type of anti-ice is also used on
windshields. Whether alone or part of a TKSTM system or similar, the liquid chemical is sprayed through a
nozzle onto the outside of the windshield which prevents ice from forming. The chemical can also deice
the windshield of ice that may have already formed. Systems _________ these have a fluid reservoir,
pump, control valve, filter, and relief valve. Other components may exist.
( ) such as ( ) such ( ) such a ( ) either ( ) neither ( ) both
3. Frost deposits can be removed by placing the aircraft in a warm hangar or by using a frost remover or
deicing fluid. These fluids normally contain ethylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol and can be applied
_______ by spray or by hand. ( ) such as ( ) such ( ) such a ( ) either ( ) neither
https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/amt_airframe_handbook/media/ama_Ch15.pdf
4. According to the NTSB, Carlson's plane wasn't rated for flight into known icing conditions. Aircraft
approved for ________ flight, Williams said, typically have additional equipment similar to that found on
commercial passenger planes -- heated wings, propellers and deicing boots.
http://www.adn.com/aviation/article/ntsb-aircraft-icing-likely-fatal-plane-crash-near-whittier/2016/05/17/
5. The CCU receives RF transmissions from the SDUs and, in the event of an emergency, _______ the decision
to illuminate the FIRE light on the CDU. Central Control Unit (CCU) - Smoke Detector Unit (SDU) - Central Display Unit (CDU)
( ) such as ( ) makes ( ) does ( ) either ( ) neither ( ) both
6. Note: Use only water-based cleaners ________ the ones described below when cleaning the interior of the
aircraft. ( ) such as ( ) such ( ) such a ( ) either ( ) neither ( ) both
7. A “TEMP” suffix indicates the SDU internal temperature (not ambient compartment) BIT has detected
________ a high (150F or above) or a **low (32F or below) temperature.
8. Test of the Lighting in the FWD Cargo-Compartment. ______ this test.

( ) such as ( ) make ( ) do ( ) either ( ) neither ( ) both
9. (1) Clean the component interface and/or the adjacent area.

(2) ______ an inspection of the component interface and/or the adjacent area.
( ) such as ( ) make ( ) do ( ) either ( ) neither ( ) both
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Extra Activity – Advisory Circular
As informações a seguir foram retiradas do documento Advisory Circular (FAA, 2008).

I. Analise os elementos textuais sublinhados e classifique cada um deles conforme a legenda abaixo.
(A) = ambos, inclui duas coisas
(E) = usado para dar exemplos
(R) = retoma algo dito anteriormente
(F) = ênfase, usado para enfatizar uma característica
1. ( ) If installed in the engine compartment the battery should be protected from extreme heat both during
engine operation and after the engine has been shut down.
2. ( ) Care must be taken with all metal items to include clothing items such as belt buckles, zippers, metal
fasteners and wallet chains, as well as jewelry items such as rings, watches, bracelets, and necklaces. All metal
or conductive articles should be removed from your person when handling batteries.
3. ( ) Take into account the effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, expected
in service.
4. ( ) For each part that requires maintenance, inspection, or other servicing, appropriate means must be
incorporated into the aircraft design to allow such servicing to be accomplished.
5. ( ) Supplementary lights may be installed in addition to position and anticollision lights required by
applicable regulations; provided that, the required position and anticollision lights are continuously visible and
unmistakably recognizable and their conspicuity is not degraded by such supplementary lights.
II. Faça a tradução, para o português, das informações apresentadas no exercício anterior (I – itens 1 até 5).
III. Analise as expressões sublinhadas nas sentenças abaixo. Qual é o significado de cada expressão? Quando /
Para que devemos usar tais expressões?
a. Attach equipment in such a way that prevents loosening in service due to vibration.
b. Install the battery in such a manner as to hold the battery securely in place without subjecting it to
excessive localized pressure, which may distort or crack the battery case.
IV. Faça a tradução, para o português, das informações apresentadas no exercício anterior (III – itens a e b).
19
V. O trecho abaixo é um exemplo de pergunta que aparecer na prova teórica para mecânicos da FAA.
a. Analise o uso do both: o que ele significa? A que ele se refere no texto?
b. Com base em seus conhecimentos, responda a pergunta escolhendo a alternativa adequada. Assinale-a
com (X).
What must a certificated mechanic with both airframe and powerplant ratings do prior to returning to
service an aircraft on which he or she has performed and approved a 100-hour inspection?
A) Present his or her work and records to a mechanic holding an Inspection Authorization for final
approval and release.
B) Make the proper entries in the appropriate aircraft maintenance record.
C) Notify the local FAA FSDO in writing of his or her intention to return the aircraft to service.
VI. Faça a tradução, para o português, das informações apresentadas no exercício anterior (V – pergunta e
respostas).
VII. O trecho abaixo é parte do manual de manutenção do Boeing 767.

a. Analise o uso do both: o que ele significa? A que ele se refere no texto?
b. Faça a tradução, para o português, das informações apresentadas no manual do 767.
20
Atividades de Revisão para Prova (P1)

1. Observe o trecho do manual de operações do A330 abaixo e responda as perguntas a seguir.
http://www.smartcockpit.com/aircraft-ressources/A330-Ice_and_Rain_Protection.html
a. Qual é a informação dada no item “Description”? (Faça a tradução – em português).

b. Quais palavras foram retiradas da informação sobre o sistema anti-gelo?
( ) either...or ( )neither...nor
Faça a tradução da informação: _________________________________________________________
2. Complete a sentença com: either...or ou neither...nor. Depois, faça a tradução (em português) da frase.
Tradução: _________________________________________________________________________________
3. Escolha a opção adequada para cada espaço no trecho abaixo.

Today’s airplanes are highly complex machines that require reliable parts and service to fly safely. To
keep an airplane in operating condition, aircraft mechanics perform scheduled maintenance, a.___
repairs and also b.___ inspections. They must follow detailed federal regulations set by the FAA, that
dictate maintenance schedules for a variety of different operations, to c.___ their job.
Adaptado de: https://collegegrad.com/careers/aircraft-and-avionics-equipment-mechanics-and-technicians
a. ( ) make ( ) do
b. ( ) make ( ) do
c. ( ) make ( ) do
4. Faça a tradução (em português) do trecho acima (exercício 3).

_______________________________________________________________________________________
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5. Com base na figura ao lado, quais são

os efeitos do acúmulo de gelo?
(Responda em português).
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/lmk/Brian%20S/LMK_Icing_Show.pdf
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
6. Complete cada trecho abaixo utilizando such ou such as ou such a/an.
a. Critical areas of the airplane ______ empennage, wing, windshield and control surfaces should be
checked to ensure they are free of ice, slush and snow or that the deice/anti-ice fluids are still protecting
the airplane.
http://www.ce560xl.com/files/CE560XL_De-Icing.pdf
b. Two conditions are necessary for structural icing in flight: (1) the aircraft must be flying through visible
water _____ rain or cloud droplets, and (2) temperature at the point where the moisture strikes the
aircraft must be 0°C or colder.
c. Small water droplets occur most often in fog and low level clouds. Drizzle or very light rain is evidence
of the presence of small drops in _______ clouds; but in many cases there is no precipitation at all. The
most common type of icing found in lower level stratus clouds is rime.
d. If temperatures are freezing or colder, the water freezes quickly to form a solid sheet of clear ice. Pilots
usually avoid cumuliform clouds when possible. Consequently, icing reports from ______ clouds are
rare and do not indicate the frequency with which it can occur.
http://www.pilotoutlook.com/aviation_weather/icing
7. Faça a tradução (em português) dos trechos acima (exercício 6).
22
UNIT 4
Theme: Aircraft Instrument System
Exercícios usando o Dicionário

Usando o dicionário, escreva o infinitivo, o passado e o particípio dos verbos abaixo.
Verbo (em Português) Infinitivo (em inglês) Passado (em inglês) Particípio (em inglês)
Fazer
Realizar
Reparar
Substituir
Danificar
Medir
Solucionar
Inspecionar
Remover
Aprovar
Transferir
Para traduzir (para o inglês) as sentenças abaixo, use o dicionário.
1. Classificando Instrumentos
Há três tipos básicos de instrumentos classificados de acordo com o trabalho que eles
executam: instrumentos de voo, instrumentos de motor e instrumentos de navegação.
2. Os instrumentos utilizados no controle da atitude de vôo da aeronave são conhecidos como

os instrumentos de vôo. Existem instrumentos de voo básicos, tais como o altímetro que exibe
a altitude da aeronave; o indicador de velocidade; e o indicador de direção magnética, uma
forma de bússola.
3. Instrumentos do motor são aqueles projetados para medir parâmetros de funcionamento do(s)
motor(es) da aeronave.
4. Os instrumentos de navegação são aqueles que contribuem com informação usada pelo piloto
para guiar a aeronave ao longo de um curso definido. Esse grupo inclui bússolas de vários
tipos, alguns dos quais incorporam o uso de sinais de rádio para definir um curso específico
ao voar a aeronave em rota de um aeroporto para outro..
23
Vocabulary Time
1. What’s the meaning of the following words?
beginning did have concerned crews

useful watch wide provide
2. Fill in the blanks using the vocabulary from the previous activity.
Aircraft Instrument Systems

Introduction
Since the ______________ of manned flight, it has been recognized that supplying the pilot with
information about the aircraft and its operation could be ______________ and lead to safer flight. The
Wright Brothers had very few instruments on their Wright Flyer, but they ______________ an engine
tachometer, an anemometer (wind meter), and a stop ______________. They were obviously
______________ about the aircraft’s engine and the progress of their flight. From that simple
beginning, a ______________variety of instruments have been developed to inform flight
______________ of different parameters. Instrument systems now exist to ______________ information
’
on the condition of the aircraft, engine, components, the aircraft s attitude in the sky, weather, cabin
environment, navigation, and communication.
3. Which category is each word group related to? Match them.
A. Flight Instruments ( ) radio signals

B. Engine Instruments ( ) operated by air pressure
C. Navigation Instruments ( ) guide the aircraft
( ) flight attitude
( ) operating parameters ( ) landing at an airport
( ) temperature indications ( ) aircraft altitude
( ) tachometers ( ) magnetic compass.
( ) vertical speed indicator ( ) magnetic direction indicator
( ) displayed in the center of the cockpit ( ) navigational progress
24
Classifying Instruments
There are three basic kinds of instruments classified by the job they perform: flight instruments, engine
instruments, and navigation instruments.
Flight Instruments
The instruments used in controlling the aircraft’s flight attitude are known as the flight instruments. There are
basic flight instruments, such as the altimeter that displays aircraft altitude; the airspeed indicator; and the
magnetic direction indicator, a form of compass. Additionally, an artificial horizon, turn coordinator, and
vertical speed indicator are flight instruments present in most aircraft. (…) Over the years, flight instruments
have come to be situated similarly on the instrument panels in most aircraft.
Original analog flight instruments are operated by air pressure and the use of gyroscopes. This avoids the use
of electricity, which could put the pilot in a dangerous situation if the aircraft lost electrical power.
Development of sensing and display techniques, combined with advanced aircraft electrical systems, has
made it possible for reliable primary and secondary instrument systems that are electrically operated.
Engine Instruments
Engine instruments are those designed to measure operating parameters of the aircraft’s engine(s). These are
usually quantity, pressure, and temperature indications. They also include measuring engine speed(s). The
most common engine instruments are the fuel and oil quantity and pressure gauges, tachometers, and
temperature gauges. (…) Engine instrumentation is often displayed in the center of the cockpit where it is
easily visible to the pilot and copilot. [Figure 10-7] On light aircraft requiring only one flight crewmember, this
may not be the case. Multiengine aircraft often use a single gauge for a particular engine parameter, but it
displays information for all engines through the use of multiple pointers on the same dial face.
Navigation Instruments
Navigation instruments are those that contribute information used by the pilot to guide the aircraft along a
definite course. This group includes compasses of various kinds, some of which incorporate the use of radio
signals to define a specific course while flying the aircraft en route from one airport to another. Other
navigational instruments are designed specifically to direct the pilot’s approach to landing at an airport.
Traditional navigation instruments include a clock and a magnetic compass. Along with the airspeed indicator
and wind information, these can be used to calculate navigational progress. Radios and instruments sending
locating information via radio waves have replaced these manual efforts in modern aircraft. Global position
systems (GPS) use satellites to pinpoint the location of the aircraft via geometric triangulation. This technology
is built into some aircraft instrument packages for navigational purposes. (…) To understand how various
instruments work and can be repaired and maintained, they can be classified according to the principle upon
which they operate.
25
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT - “Classifying Instruments

Instruments”
1. De acordo com o texto, a informação é VERDADEIRA (V) ou FALSA (F)?
A. ( ) Há quatro tipos básicos de instrumentos.
B. ( ) Os instrumentos usados no controle da atitude de voo da aeronave são conhecidos como
instrumentos de voo.
C. ( ) O indicador de direção é um tipo de compasso.
D. ( ) Instrumentos de motor são aqueles projetados/desenvolvidos para medir os parâmetros de
operação do(s) motor(es) da aeronave.
E. ( ) A instrumentação do motor está geralmente localizada no centro da cabine de comando.
F. ( ) Outros instrumentos de navegação são projetados especificamente para direcionar a
abordagem do piloto para pousar em um aeroporto.
G. ( ) Para entender como os vários instrumentos funcionam e como podem ser reparados, eles
podem ser classificados de acordo com o princípio segundo o qual eles operam.
Grammar on Focus: Passive Voice
1. Qual é o (possível) significado das palavras abaixo (em português)?

fuel: ____________________ bottom: ____________________
fueling: ____________________ to decrease: ____________________
to relieve: ____________________ chance: ____________________
safe: ____________________ to fill: ____________________
hose: ____________________
2. O que significa o “to” usado antes dos verbos em inglês, como em “to fill”? _______________
3.Estudamos que o “ed” colocados nos verbos em inglês, em geral, podem ter dois significados.
Quais são esses significados? ________________ e _____________________
4. Leia com atenção o texto abaixo.
Fueling Procedures
http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/amt_handbook/media/FAA-8083-30_Ch11.pdf
The proper fueling of an aircraft is the responsibility of the owner/operator. This does not,
however, relieve the person doing the fueling of the responsibility to use the correct type of fuel and safe
fueling procedures.
There are two basic procedures when fueling an aircraft. Smaller aircraft are fueled by the over-
the-wing method. This method uses the fuel hose to fill through fueling ports on the top of the wing. The
method used for larger aircraft is the single point fueling system. This type of fueling system uses
receptacles in the bottom leading edge of the wing, which is used to fill all the tanks from this one point.
This decreases the time it takes to refuel the aircraft, limits contamination, and reduces the chance of
static electricity igniting the fuel. (…) Each tank can be filled to a predetermined level. These procedures
are illustrated in Figures 11-31 and 11-32.
26
5. Analise as sentenças sublinhadas no texto e responda: qual é o tempo verbal usado em cada uma: presente
ou passado?
6. Qual é o tempo verbal usado em todo o texto? _________________ Porque esse tempo verbal foi
utilizado? _____________________________________________________________________________
7. Faça uma lista das características gramaticais que indicam o uso do tempo verbal PRESENTE na língua
inglesa. _____________________________________, ________________________________________,
_______________________________________, _____________________________________________.
8. Analise os verbos em negrito no texto acima e responda: o verbo está no passado ou no particípio?
9. Analise os verbos em negrito nas sentenças abaixo e responda: o verbo está no passado ou no
particípio? Qual é o tempo verbal da sentença?
A. Once the plane was fueled, they pulled over a truck with a ladder and washed the windshields.
B. The technician fueled the plane and we are ready for take-off!
C. USA Today reported that Abdullah, the aircraft technician, used a digital camera to take about 50
pictures of U.S. warplanes at Singapore's Paya Lebar air base.
D. Why is fuel used in airplanes different from those used in motor vehicles?
10. Faça uma comparação das características gramaticais que indicam o uso dos tempos verbais PRESENTE
e PASSADO na língua inglesa.
Considerando... PRESENTE PASSADO
Verbo “to be”
Verbo “to be”

Sentenças negativas
Verbo “to have”
Verbos regulares
“He, she, it”
Verbos irregulares
Sentenças negativas
VOZ PASSIVA
27
11. Substitua, no texto abaixo, os trechos em português por sua respectiva tradução em inglês.
Prior to fueling, the person fueling should check the following: 1. Ensure all aircraft electrical
systems and electronic devices, including radar, estejam desligados __________________________. 2. Do not
carry anything in the shirt pockets. These items could fall into the fuel tanks. 3. Ensure no flame-
producing devices seja carregado _____________________________ by anyone envolvido ____________________ in
the fueling operation. A moment of carelessness could cause an accident. 4. Ensure that the proper type
and grade of fuel seja utilizado ___________________. Do not mix AVGAS and JET fuel. 5. Ensure that all the
sumps have been drained. 6. Wear eye protection. Although generally not as critical as eye protection,
other forms of protection, such as rubber gloves and aprons, can protect the skin from the effects of
spilled or splashed fuel. 7. Do not fuel aircraft if there is danger of other aircraft in the vicinity blowing
dirt in the direction of the aircraft sendo abastecida _________________. Blown dirt, dust, or other
contaminants can enter an open fuel tank, contaminating the entire contents of the tank. 8. Do not fuel an
aircraft when there is lightning within 5 miles. (…)
12. Julgue cada informação abaixo como V-verdadeira ou F-falsa de acordo com o texto acima.
a. ( ) Dispositivos eletrônicos devem ser desligados no momento do abastecimento.
b. ( ) Você deve sempre ter uma caneta no bolso da camisa no momento do abastecimento para anotar os
dados da aeronave.
c. ( ) Um momento de descuido pode causar um acidente.
d. ( ) Os combustíveis AVGAS e JET devem ser misturados.
e. ( ) Você devem utilizar proteção para os olhos.
f. ( ) Luvas de borracha e aventais podem proteger a pele caso haja contato com o combustível.
g. ( ) Poeira pode contaminar o conteúdo do tanque.
28
ACTIVITY - FAA FORMS

1. Fill in the gaps with the right option.
WAS – CERTIFICATION - TO BE – FOUND – DONE – COVERED – RECORDED– SUCH– BETWEEN
CLEAR – WHICH – COLUMN
TYPE INSPECTION REPORT

Part 1 – Airplane Ground Inspection
INSTRUCTIONS
This form is _______ used to record the results of conformity inspections and
investigations of prototype or modified airplane presented for type
____________. Many inspections and tests will be witnessed or participated in
which are not _____________ by questions listed herein. All __________
inspections and tests and changes to the product and/or type design data
resulting therefrom must be ___________ and made a part of this report.
(…)
All entries must be _______, concise, and self-explanatory. Answer questions

in this report by checking the appropriate “YES” or “NO” ___________. When
action is required to render the item acceptable, check “ACTION REQ.” Use
additional pages to list the unsatisfactory conditions ___________ during the
inspection with reference to any communication or conformity inspection
reports relative to the item. Number the pages with the page number on
____________ the question appears plus a letter, i.e., 10a, 10b, etc. Identify
the unsatisfactory condition by using the related item number as it appears
on the form; list numerically with sufficient space ______________ each entry
to note the corrective action taken. When the item has been reinspected,
cross out the previous “NO” answer and enter the new answer. This will be
____________ for each inspection until the item is acceptable and will serve as
a record of the number of times the item ___________ inspected prior to
acceptance.
www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/.../forms/.../8110-5.doc
29
2. Read the following FAA FORM. Pay attention to the kind of sentences that are used.
FAA form 8110-5 (11-66)

Yes No Action
3.0 INSPECTION – GENERAL Req.
3.1 Are drawings, specifications, equipment lists and other type design
data available for inspection of the prototype product
FAR 21.33 23.605 25.605
3.4 Are deviations from the type design data being recorded
FAR 21.33 23.605 25.605
3.5 Are parts and assemblies properly stamped, marked or otherwise
identified to indicate the inspection status during various stages of
fabrication
FAR 21.33 23.605 25.605
3.6 Does inspection of procured items show that they are in conformity with
the vendor’s drawings and/or the applicant’s specification drawings
FAR 21.33 23.605 25.605
REMARKS
Yes No Action
14.0 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT (Continued) Req.
14.2 HYDRAULIC – PNEUMATIC – VACUUM SYSTEMS (Continued)

14.2.7 Are the hydraulic system controls and components labeled as to their
identification, function or operating limitations, or any applicable
combination
14.2.8
of these factors
Is the pneumatic system installed in accordance with approved data
FAR 23.1309 25.1309
14.2.10 Is each pneumatic system line, fitting and component installed and
supported to prevent excessive vibration and damage due to inertia
loads
FAR 23.1309 25.1309
14.2.11 Is each element of the pneumatic system protected from abrasion,
corrosion and mechanical damage
FAR 23.1309 25.1309
30
14.2.12 Are the pneumatic system controls and components labeled as to

their identification, function or operating limitations or any applicable
combination of these factors
FAR 23.1301,.1309 25.1301,.1309
14.2.13 Are the vacuum air system units, components lines and connections
installed in accordance with approved data
FAR 25.1433
14.3 OXYGEN SYSTEM
14.3.1 Is the oxygen system installed in accordance with approved data
FAR 25.1441
14.3.3 Are any oxygen equipment or lines located within a designated fire
zone
FAR 25.1451
14.3.4 Are oxygen lines and equipment protected from heat that may be
generated in, or escape from, any designated fire zone
FAR 25.1451
14.3.5 Are the oxygen system components and lines installed so that
escaping oxygen cannot cause ignition of grease, fluids, or vapor
accumulations that are present in normal operation or as a result of
failure or malfunction of any system
FAR 25.1451
14.3.6 Are the oxygen system controls and components labeled as to their
identification , function or operating limitations or any applicable
combination of these factors
FAR 23.1301 25.1301
3. Let’s suppose you have already performed each item from the previous forms. How could you
report the actions performed? Write down sentences.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
31
UNIT 5
Theme: Passive Voice (Modal Verbs)
32
33
INFORMAÇÕES RETIRADAS DE FORMULÁRIOS DE MANUTENÇÃO DE AERONAVES
Em cada sentença:
1. Identifique (sublinhe/circule) a estrutura “voz passiva”;
2. Classifique o tempo verbal ou o sentido do modal utilizado;
3. Faça a tradução da informação.
IDENTIFICATION TAG
This item was removed temporarily to open access, it was inspected and no damage was identified.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
UNSERVICEABLE
The “unserviceable” tag must be removed to indicate the Serviceable Condition.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
REQUEST FOR OPENING

Corrective action to be performed
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
HANDOVER INFORMATION FORM

Actions taken /Pendent Actions
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
TRANSFER TAG
This component was inspected and removed in accordance with current regulations, in serviceable condition,
and is approved to return to service.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
34
Atividade Extra – Voz Passiva (Relatos de Discrepância)

Nome: ________________________________________________ Data: _______________ Turma:________
Fonte: http://www.jmcnow.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Polaris-B767-AMM-Supplement-31-MAR-2014-REV-2.pdf
1. Quais são as tarefas contidas neste procedimento? _________________________________________

2. Julgue a informação a seguir como verdadeira ou falsa e explique sua resposta: “energia elétrica pode
(ou não) ser desligada”.
3. Quais são os 3 passos do procedimento (item C)? Responda em português.
4. Vamos supor que você realizou os 3 passos do procedimento (item C) e precisa preencher um relatório
sobre seu trabalho. Escreva as ações realizadas.
DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED
35
5. Leia as instruções abaixo retiradas de um AMM (Aircraft Maintenance Manual).
Detailed Inspection of MLG, Shock Absorber Sliding Tube for Cracks

TASK 32-11-00-200-014-A
(...)
4. Procedure
Subtask 32-11-00-200-056-A
A. Detailed Inspection of MLG, Shock Absorber Sliding Tube for Cracks
(1)Use a LIGHT SOURCE - WHITE and MAGNIFYING GLASS POWER 10X to examine the surface of each MLG
sliding tube. Carefully examine the area between the MLG gland housing and the brake flanges for cracks or
surface damage (Ref. ISB 32A1273).
NOTE : If you find signs of cracks, the MLG sliding tube must be replaced
6. Vamos supor que ao realizar o procedimento mencionado acima, você encontrou uma discrepância que
necessitará de uma ação corretiva. Preencha os campos DISCREPANCY e CORRECTIVE ACTION no
formulário abaixo, em inglês, para documentar tal ocorrência.
36
Exercícios de Revisão – P2
1.Com base no trecho do manual abaixo, responda as perguntas que seguem.
Detailed Visual Inspection of All Cockpit Windows from Inside

WARNING : MAKE SURE THAT THE CIRCUIT BREAKERS RELATED TO THE WEATHER RADAR ARE OPENED, SAFETIED AND
TAGGED.
(…) 4. Procedure
Subtask 56-10-00-220-054-A
A. Inspection of the Cockpit Windows
(1) Do a detailed visual inspection from inside of:
(a) the windshields (Ref. TASK 56-11-11-200-001-A),
(b) the fixed windows (Ref. TASK 56-11-12-200-001-A)
(c) the sliding windows (Ref. TASK 56-12-11-200-001-A)
A.Qual é o procedimento a ser realizado? _______________________________________________________________

B. Os verbos sublinhados estão: ( )no passado ( )no presente ( )no particípio
C. Qual é a tradução (em português) dos verbos sublinhados? ______________________________________________
D. Reporte o procedimento realizado (a inspeção): ________________________________________________________
E. Reporte uma discrepância em um dos componentes: ___________________________________________________
F. Deixe a instrução do serviço a ser realizado: __________________________________________________________
2.Com base no trecho do manual abaixo, responda as perguntas que seguem.

Measurement of Scratch Depth with MITUTOYO Surface Tester SJ201
1. Reason for the Job
This procedure tells you how to measure the depth of scratches on the glass windows with MITUTOYO surface tester
SJ201. (…)
4. Procedure A. Measurement Procedure
(1) Push the POWER/DATA key (3).
(2) Press the START/STOP key (1).
. the detector moves.
(3) Push the PARAMETER key (2) until parameter Ry is shown on the LCD (4).
(4) Put the SURFACE TESTER (SJ201) in position on the window to make the detector travel direction perpendicular to
the scratch.
(5) Press the START/STOP key (1):
. the detector moves to measure the depth of the scratch
. when the measurement is completed, the measured value is shown on the LCD (4).
(6) Because the depth of the scratch can be different along its length, measure the depth at a minimum of 3 locations
along the scratch:
. at each end and in the middle of the scratch
. or more if it is a long scratch.
(7) Compare the largest depth value measured with the scratch depth limit values given in the figure related to the
scratch inspection (8) When the power is off, push the POWER/DATA key and the START/STOP key (1) at the same time.
. this retracts the detector.
37
A.Qual é o procedimento a ser realizado? ______________________________________________________________

B. Os verbos abaixo, sublinhados nas instruções lidas, estão (assinale a alternativa correta para cada verbo):
Push : ( )no passado ( )no presente ( )no imperativo
Moves: ( )no passado ( )no presente ( )no imperativo
Shown: ( )no passado ( )no particípio ( )no imperativo
Completed: ( )no passado ( )no particípio ( )no imperativo
C. Qual é a tradução (em português) dos verbos sublinhados? _____________________________________________
D. Reporte o procedimento realizado (a medição): ________________________________________________________
E. Reporte uma discrepância: _______________________________________________________________________
F. Deixe a instrução do serviço a ser realizado: __________________________________________________________
G. Explique (em português) o procedimento (6): __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
http://wtruib.ru/amm3/WINDOWS/56-10-00-200-004-A.php
2.Com base no relatório abaixo, responda as perguntas que seguem.
Accident occurred Saturday, October 29, 2016 in Palmer, AK

Aircraft: CESSNA 172, registration: N6353E
Injuries: 1 Fatal.
On October 29, 2016, about 1445 Alaska daylight time, a Cessna 172 airplane, N6353E, sustained substantial
damage after impacting terrain following a loss of control after takeoff from a remote, gravel-covered site adjacent to
the Knik River, about 12 miles southeast of Palmer, Alaska. The sole occupant, the student pilot, sustained fatal injuries.
The airplane was registered to the student pilot, and was operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) personal flight under the
provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 when the accident occurred. Visual meteorological conditions
prevailed at the time of the accident, and no flight plan was filed. The flight originated from the Wasilla Airport, at an
unknown time.
According to various witnesses near the accident site, they observed the accident airplane flying in the Knik
River valley. The witnesses reported that the airplane did a touch-and-go landing on the gravel bar, and just after a
southeasterly takeoff, as it climbed to 100 feet above ground level (agl), it turned to the left. During the left turn, the
wings of the airplane rolled perpendicular to the ground, and it descended, nose low, before colliding with the gravel-
covered site.
The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings and the fuselage. The witnesses reported gusty
southeasterly wind conditions at the time of the accident, estimated between 20 and 25 knots.
A. Analise a forma e/ou a conjugação dos verbos abaixo, sublinhados no relatório.

Registered: ___________________ Occurred: ____________________ Reported: ____________________
Operated: ____________________ Observed: ____________________ Did: _________________________
B. Qual é a tradução (em português) dos verbos sublinhados? _____________________________________________

C.Os que as testemunhas reportaram? _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
D.Quais foram os danos (materiais e humanos)? _________________________________________________________
E.Supondo que você é o mecânico que inspecionou a aeronave após o acidente, reporte os danos (conforme citado no
relatório): ________________________________________________________________________________________
F.Faça um resumo (em português) do acidente relatado.
38
“Passive Voice”
39
TRABALHO – IGTA 3
Nomes: _______________________________________________
Data: _________________ Turma: _________
Aircraft Maintenance Operations

Authors: Cameron, Buck in Air Transport, Byrd, LaMont, Editor, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
and Safety, Jeanne Mager Stellman, Editor-in-Chief. International Labor Organization, Geneva. © 2011.
Aircraft maintenance operations are broadly distributed within and across nations and are performed by
both military and civilian mechanics. Mechanics work at airports, maintenance bases, private fields, military
installations and aboard aircraft carriers. Mechanics are employed by passenger and freight carriers, by
maintenance contractors, by operators of private fields, by agricultural operations and by public and private
fleet owners. Small airports may provide employment for a few mechanics, while major hub airports and
maintenance bases may employ thousands. Maintenance work is divided between that which is necessary to
maintain ongoing daily operations (line maintenance) and those procedures that periodically check, maintain
and refurbish the aircraft (base maintenance). Line maintenance comprises en route (between landing and
takeoff) and overnight maintenance. En route maintenance consists of operational checks and flight-essential
repairs to address discrepancies noted during flight. These repairs are typically minor, such as replacing
warning lights, tyres and avionic components, but may be as extensive as replacing an engine. Overnight
maintenance is more extensive and includes _________ any repairs deferred during the day’s flights.
1. Analise a frase a seguir e responda as questões.

“Aircraft maintenance operations […] are performed by both military and civilian mechanics.”
A. Qual é o tempo verbal da sentença? _______________________________________________________
B. Qual é a estrutura gramatical utilizada? ____________________________________________________
C. Analise o uso de by. ___________________________________________________________________
D. Faça a tradução da frase: _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Analise a frase a seguir e responda as questões.

“Mechanics are employed by passenger and freight carriers, by maintenance contractors, by operators of
private fields, by agricultural operations and by public and private fleet owners.”
A. Qual é o tempo verbal da sentença? _______________________________________________________
B. Qual é a estrutura gramatical utilizada? ____________________________________________________
C. Analise o uso de by. ___________________________________________________________________
D. Faça a tradução da frase: _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
40
3. Qual é o sentido do modal verb no trecho a seguir? ___________________________________________

“Small airports may provide employment for a few mechanics, while major hub airports and maintenance
bases may employ thousands.”
Faça a tradução da frase: _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Qual é o sentido de “such as” no trecho a seguir? ___________________________________________

“These repairs are typically minor, such as replacing warning lights, tyres and avionic components, but
may be as extensive as replacing an engine.”
Faça a tradução da frase, explicando o que são “these repairs” de acordo com as explicações do texto:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Qual das opções abaixo melhor completa a última frase do texto?

( ) making
( ) doing
6. Qual outro verbo poderia ser utilizado para completar a última frase do texto? ______________________
7. Complete o trecho do texto a seguir utilizando voz passiva.
The timing, distribution and nature of aircraft maintenance ______________ (to control / simple
present) by each airline company and is documented in its maintenance manual, which in most jurisdictions
_____________________ (modal verb sentido de obrigação / to submit) for approval to the appropriate
aviation authority. Maintenance _____________ (to perform / simple present) during regular checks,
designated as A through D checks, specified by the maintenance manual. These scheduled maintenance
activities ensure that the entire aircraft has been inspected, maintained and refurbished at appropriate intervals.
Lower level maintenance checks may be incorporated into line maintenance work, but more extensive work
______________ (to perform / simple present) at a maintenance base. Aircraft damage and component
failures ______________ (to repair / simple present) as required.
8. Faça a tradução da frase a seguir, considerando o sentido do modal verb.

“Lower level maintenance checks may be incorporated into line maintenance work […]”
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Qual opção melhor completa o trecho a seguir?

Overnight maintenance is typically performed under more controlled circumstances, ______ in line-service
hangers or on inactive flight lines. Lighting, work stands and traction are far better than on the flight line
but are likely to be inferior to those found in maintenance bases. […]
( ) either
( ) or
( ) neither
( ) nor
41
10. Qual opção melhor completa o trecho abaixo?
Military and Agricultural Applications

[…]
Maintenance work on agricultural aircraft (crop dusters) may result in exposures to pesticides _____ as a
single product or, more likely, as a mixture of products contaminating a single or multiple aircraft. Degradation
products of some pesticides are more hazardous than the parent product. Dermal routes of exposure may be
significant and may be enhanced by perspiration. Agricultural aircraft and external parts should be thoroughly
cleaned before repair, and/or PPE, including skin and respiratory protection, should be used.
Fonte: http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-xvii/transport-industry-and-warehousing/air-transport/item/910-aircraft-maintenance-operations
( ) either
( ) or
( ) neither
( ) nor
11. Faça a tradução da primeira frase do texto acima (até o primeiro ponto final).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
12. Explique a estrutura gramatical sublinhada no texto acima. Explique, inclusive, o modal verb utilizado e o
sentido dele.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
13. Faça a tradução da recomendação apresentada nas duas últimas linhas do texto acima.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
42
LISTA DE EXERCÍCICIOS
IGTA 3 – Tools and Passive (using Modals)
Orientações:
4. Para realizar os exercícios a seguir, você vai precisar consultar o livro “Standard Aircraft Handbook”.
5. O livro está disponível na biblioteca do IFSP – São Carlos e há vários exemplares.
6. Você deverá entregar à professora apenas as respostas, as quais podem ser feitas à mão (a lápis ou à
caneta) ou ainda digitadas e impressas.
Referência do livro
REITHMAIER, Larry (Ed). Standard aircraft handbook for mechanics and technicians. McGraw-Hill. 6a
ed. 1999
Leia as informações do capítulo 2 “Tools and how to use them”. De acordo com as explicações e figuras
contidas no livro, assinale a alternativa correta em cada item (apenas UMA está correta).
Página 7
1.Antes de começar o trabalho em uma aeronave...

a.( ) a segurança pessoal deve se tornar um hábito.
b.( ) é possível que a segurança pessoal torne-se um hábito.
c.( ) é provável que a segurança pessoal torne-se um hábito.
2.Colocar óculos de proteção...

a.( ) não faz parte do procedimento de fazer uma perfuração.
b.( ) só faz parte do procedimento de fazer uma perfuração.
c.( ) é tão parte do procedimento de fazer uma perfuração quanto a furadeira.
3.Nos procedimentos de perfuração, operação de ferramenta elétrica, etc, é obrigatório o uso de...
a.( ) óculos de proteção e escudo.
b.( ) óculos de proteção e proteção para o rosto.
c.( ) espelhos de segurança e máscara.
4.Protetores auriculares devem ser usados ...

a.( ) devido ao barulho da arma de rebites e aos ruídos de martelos da fábrica.
b.( ) devido aos ruídos na colocação de rebites e ao barulho geral contínuo da fábrica.
c.( ) como proteção contra os ruídos da fábrica de rebites.
43
5.Associe cada figura com seu respectivo nome. 1. 2. 3.

a.( ) earplug.
b.( ) earmuff.
c.( ) earring.
6.As sentenças: “safety glasses must be worn...” e “earmuff should be used...” ...
a.( ) estão escritas no presente simples pois relatam algo que sempre é feito.
b.( ) estão escritas no passado, pois foi algo feito pelos mecânicos anteriormente.
c.( ) estão escritas na voz passiva, pois a ênfase está na ação a ser realizada.
7.Nas páginas 8 e 9 há explicações sobre...

a.( ) martelos e chaves de fenda.
b.( ) martelos e parafusos.
c.( ) alicates e chaves phillips.
Página 8
8.A maioria dos acidentes com martelos ocorre...

a.( ) o martelo bate na cabeça do mecânico.
b.( ) quando a cabeça do martelo solta.
c.( ) quando um martelo de plástico ou borracha é usado.
9.O que pode fazer com que o martelo escorregue?

a.( ) palma da mão molhada.
b.( ) cabo sujo de óleo ou graxa.
c.( ) palma da mão molhada e cabo sujo de óleo ou graxa.
Página 9
10.A chave de fenda deve preencher...

a.( ) toda a fenda do parafuso.
b.( ) ao menos 75% da fenda do parafuso.
c.( ) no máximo 75% da fenda do parafuso.
44
Exercícios de Revisão – IFA

ANALISANDO E ENTENDENDO OS VERBOS EM INGLÊS
Os verbos (em inglês e em português) possuem três FORMAS:
1. Infinitivo: é a forma do verbo sem conjugá-lo.
2. Gerúndio: expressa continuidade.
3. Particípio: indica ação completa.
FORMA EM PORTUGUÊS EM INGLÊS

Infinitivo amAR; comER; sorrIR To love; to eat; to smile
Gerúndio amANDO; comENDO; sorrINDO lovING; eatING; smilING
Particípio amADO; comIDO; sorrIDO lovED; EATEN; smilED
Os verbos (em inglês e em português) podem ser conjugados em diferentes TEMPOS:

1. Presente: indica fatos, acontecimentos cotidianos, descrições.
2. Passado: expressa acontecimentos ocorridos e já acabados.
3. Futuro: indica ação a ser realizada.
E outros...
TEMPOS EM PORTUGUÊS EM INGLÊS VERBO “TO BE”

Presente EU amO; comO; Verbo no infinitivo sem o “to”: I love; I eat; I smile Is / are
sorrIO Para “he/she/it”, uso de “s” no verbo: She loveS, she eatS Isn’t / aren’t
Passado EU amEI; comI; Verbos regulares – uso do “ED”: I lovED; I smilED Was / were
sorrI Verbos irregulares, consultar dicionário: I ATE Wasn’t / weren’t
Futuro EU amAREI; Uso do “will”: I will love; I will eat; I will smile Will be
comEREI; sorrIREI Uso do “going to”: I am going to love; I am going to eat Going to be
ATENÇÃO
Repare que, em inglês, o particípio e o passado de verbos regulares são iguais: com ED no final do verbo.
Assim, “used” pode ser o passado (usei) ou o particípio (usado) do verbo usar. Como saber se é um ou outro?
Observe os exemplos:
1. I used the computer yesterday.
2. The computer is used by many people.
A sentença 1, está no passado: Eu usei o computador. Já a sentença 2 está no presente, devido ao “is” (é) e,
portanto, o “used” é o particípio do verbo usar = usado. Assim, é preciso sempre analisar se o verbo com “ed”
está “sozinho” (passado) ou “acompanhado” (o tempo verbal está no verbo que “acompanha” o “used”: is
used = presente; was used = passado).
Analise as sentenças a seguir, retiradas do texto “Boeing and Embraer Open Joint Aviation Biofuel Research
Center in Brazil”, e classifique o verbo destacado e o tempo verbal da sentença, como no exemplo.
http://www.embraer.com.br/en-us/imprensaeventos/press-releases/noticias/pages/boeing-e-embraer-inauguram-centro-de-pesquisa-em-biocombustiveis-no-
brasil.aspx
45
São José dos Campos, Brazil, Jan. 14, 2014 – Boeing and Embraer today opened a joint sustainable aviation biofuel
research center in a collaborative effort to further establish the aviation biofuel industry in Brazil.
Verbo destacado: __passado .
Tempo verbal da sentença: passado .
“Boeing and Embraer, two of the world’s leading aircraft manufacturers, are partnering in an unprecedented way to
make more progress on sustainable aviation biofuel than one company can do alone”
Verbo destacado: ______________________
Tempo verbal da sentença: ______________________
Boeing’s biofuel collaboration with Embraer is led by Boeing Research & Technology-Brazil
Verbo destacado: ______________________
In addition to its collaboration in Brazil, Boeing has active biofuel-development projects in the United States, Middle East,
Africa, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and Australia.
Verbo destacado: ______________________
Embraer also has collaborated with several initiatives to produce an aviation biofuel that is economically viable and
fulfills stringent aviation requirements.
Verbo destacado: ______________________
Studies have shown that sustainably produced aviation biofuel emits 50 to 80 percent lower carbon emissions through its
life cycle than fossil jet fuel.
Verbo destacado: ______________________
Globally, more than 1,600 passenger flights using sustainable aviation biofuel have been conducted since it was first
approved for use in 2011.
Verbo destacado: ______________________
Voz ativa e voz passiva em inglês

Quando falamos em voz ativa e voz passiva, estamos nos referindo à estrutura de frases (ordem das palavras). Frases
na active voice (voz ativa) são aquelas em que o sujeito que pratica a ação está em evidência, já em frases na passive voice (voz
passiva), o objeto que recebe a ação é que está em evidência. Para compreender melhor a língua inglesa, é necessário conhecer
os dois tipos de vozes e suas respectivas construções.
Para começar, observe os exemplos abaixo:
ACTIVE VOICE
Julia bought the new Game of Thrones book. (Julia comprou o novo livro de Game of the Thrones.)
PASSIVE VOICE
The new Game of Thrones book was bought by Julia. (O novo livro de Game of the Thrones foi comprado por Julia.)
46
A estrutura das frases na voz ativa é a mais comum, a primeira que aprendemos, a mais clara e a que mais usamos
diariamente.
QUEM FAZ A AÇÃO + VERBO + OBJETO QUE RECEBE A AÇÃO
Julia + bought + the new Game of the Thrones book
Já a estrutura das frases na voz passiva não é tão comum na linguagem cotidiana. Ainda assim, é muito importante
saber construir frases na voz passiva para conseguir adquirir fluência ao longo do aprendizado da língua. Observe:
OBJETO QUE RECEBE A AÇÃO + VERBO TO BE (conjugado no tempo verbal adequado) + PAST PARTICIPLE (a
forma da terceira coluna da tabela de verbos/dicionário) +
PREPOSIÇÃO ‘BY’ + QUEM FAZ A AÇÃO

The new Game of the Thrones book + was + bought + by + Julia
“Estou em dúvida, quando usar a passive voice?”

Usamos a passive voice quando a pessoa que pratica a ação é desconhecida ou não é relevante ao tipo de informação
que queremos passar. Você quer dar ênfase à ação, não à pessoa. Por isso, usamos voz passiva no preenchimento de
documentos (relatórios/fichas) na manutenção de aeronaves. Veja:
The eclipse can be observed tonight. (O eclipse pode ser observado hoje à noite.)
A new shopping mall was built near our school. (Um novo shopping foi construído perto da nossa escola.)
The APU was inspected in accordance with CMM ref.xxxxxxx. (A “APU” foi inspecionada de acordo com o CMM ref.xxxxx.)
The RAT must be replaced IAW CMM ref.yyyyy. (A “RAT” deve ser substituída de acordo com o CMM ref.yyyyy.)
- See more at: http://englishlive.ef.com/pt-br/blog/voz-ativa-e-voz-passiva-em-ingles/#sthash.JU5YAE5w.dpuf
OBSERVAÇÕES
*de acordo com:
• IAW = in accordance with
• According to
• In conformity with
*Discrepancy – discrepância: “problema” encontrado durante a inspeção

Action required/ action to be performed – ação a ser realizada: instrução do que deve ser feito considerando a discrepância
encontrada
Work performed – trabalho realizado: relato do serviço executado
EXEMPLO
Visual Inspection of Cargo-Compartment-Door Seals Discrepancy: The Cargo-Compartment-Door Seals are damaged.
(1) Do a visual inspection of the door seal for:
. signs of chafe marks, Action required: The Seals must be repaired.
. minor cuts and small punctures,
. areas with major damage, Work performed: The Seals were repaired.
. the correct positions of the inflation holes.
(2) If necessary, repair the door seal:
. for the FWD cargo-compartment door (Ref. TASK 52-31-18-300-001-A)
. for the AFT cargo-compartment door (Ref. TASK 52-32-18-300-001-A).
47
EXERCÍCIO
Escreva sentenças/relatos de discrepância, ação a ser realizada e serviço executado, baseando-se nos trechos de manuais abaixo.
General Visual Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear Discrepancy: _________________________________________

(3) Do a visual inspection of the uplock assembly.
Make sure that it is correctly installed and that there is Action required: ______________________________________
no structural damage.
(a) If you find damage, remove the uplock for Work performed: ______________________________________
inspection/repair (Ref. TASK 32-31-21-000-001-A) and
install a serviceable component (Ref. TASK 32-31-21-
400-001-A).
Discrepancy: _________________________________________
(2) Do a visual inspection of the downlock release
Action required: ______________________________________
actuator for cracks, dents, distortion and wear.
Work performed: ______________________________________
Discrepancy: _________________________________________
(3) Make sure that all the components are correctly Action required: ______________________________________
installed.
Work performed: ______________________________________
Com base no relatório abaixo, responda as perguntas que seguem.

Accident occurred Saturday, October 29, 2016 in Palmer, AK
Aircraft: CESSNA 172, registration: N6353E
Injuries: 1 Fatal.
On October 29, 2016, about 1445 Alaska daylight time, a Cessna 172 airplane, N6353E, sustained substantial
damage after impacting terrain following a loss of control after takeoff from a remote, gravel-covered site adjacent to
the Knik River, about 12 miles southeast of Palmer, Alaska. The sole occupant, the student pilot, sustained fatal injuries.
The airplane was registered to the student pilot, and was operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) personal flight under the
provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 when the accident occurred. Visual meteorological conditions
prevailed at the time of the accident, and no flight plan was filed. The flight originated from the Wasilla Airport, at an
unknown time.
According to various witnesses near the accident site, they observed the accident airplane flying in the Knik
River valley. The witnesses reported that the airplane did a touch-and-go landing on the gravel bar, and just after a
southeasterly takeoff, as it climbed to 100 feet above ground level (agl), it turned to the left. During the left turn, the
wings of the airplane rolled perpendicular to the ground, and it descended, nose low, before colliding with the gravel-
covered site.
The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings and the fuselage. The witnesses reported gusty
southeasterly wind conditions at the time of the accident, estimated between 20 and 25 knots.
48
A. Analise a forma e/ou a conjugação dos verbos abaixo, sublinhados no relatório.
Registered: ___________________
Operated: ____________________
Occurred: ____________________
Observed: ____________________
Reported: ____________________
Did: _________________________
B. Qual é a tradução (em português) dos verbos sublinhados? _____________________________________________
C.Os que as testemunhas reportaram? _________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
D.Quais foram os danos (materiais e humanos)? _________________________________________________________
E.Supondo que você é o mecânico que inspecionou a aeronave após o acidente, reporte os danos (conforme citado no
relatório): ________________________________________________________________________________________
F.Faça um resumo (em português) do acidente relatado.
49

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Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Manutenção de Aeronaves

Disciplina: Inglês Instrumental 3 (IGTA-3)

1. Traduza (para o português) as palavras abaixo.

a. ( ) O fato de voar adicionou uma nova dimensão, particularmente em relação ao gelo.

1. The ice protection system protects…:

2. What’s an icing cloud?

3. What are the effects of ice accumulation?

4. NASA is also working on …

6. NASA has developed fluid that…

7. How much of aircraft de-icing fluid is used?

Theme: Ice Protection

TripDeck – Travel Itinerary Manager

Flight Status Pro - Flight Tracker

Atividade Extra – “such”

Fill in the blanks using: such, such as or such a/an.

2. How can anyone live on __________ small salary?

4. You’ll have to get your own pen. __________ is mine.

7. He likes practicing sports __________ golf and skiing.

8. If it's __________ secret story, why did you tell me?

9. 'There are other things we could do.' '__________?'

10.She's __________ lovely person.

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

Judge the following sentences as TRUE or FALSE.

A. ( ) Com base no título do texto, podemos inferir

Activities on “either…or” – “neither…nor”

IGTA 3 – Both / such

3. A falha no “dever de cuidar” é chamada de ...

5. Nos textos em inglês, “e.g.” significa ...

6. Na sentença, podemos usar ... ao invés de “e.g.”.

7. CENELEC e o British Standards Institute são ...

8. Na Grã-Bretanha a principal legislação é de 1974 e abrange ...

10. É incorreto afirmar que ...

Tools Used in Aircraft Maintenance

Read more: Tools Used in Aircraft Maintenance | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7618938_tools-used-aircraft-

8. Test of the Lighting in the FWD Cargo-Compartment. ______ this test.

9. (1) Clean the component interface and/or the adjacent area.

Extra Activity – Advisory Circular

As informações a seguir foram retiradas do documento Advisory Circular (FAA, 2008).

VII. O trecho abaixo é parte do manual de manutenção do Boeing 767.

Atividades de Revisão para Prova (P1)

a. Qual é a informação dada no item “Description”? (Faça a tradução – em português).

3. Escolha a opção adequada para cada espaço no trecho abaixo.

4. Faça a tradução (em português) do trecho acima (exercício 3).

5. Com base na figura ao lado, quais são

6. Complete cada trecho abaixo utilizando such ou such as ou such a/an.

7. Faça a tradução (em português) dos trechos acima (exercício 6).

Exercícios usando o Dicionário

Para traduzir (para o inglês) as sentenças abaixo, use o dicionário.

2. Os instrumentos utilizados no controle da atitude de vôo da aeronave são conhecidos como

1. What’s the meaning of the following words?

beginning did have concerned crews

Aircraft Instrument Systems

beginning, a ______________variety of instruments have been developed to inform flight

______________ of different parameters. Instrument systems now exist to ______________ information

environment, navigation, and communication.

3. Which category is each word group related to? Match them.

A. Flight Instruments ( ) radio signals

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT - “Classifying Instruments

Grammar on Focus: Passive Voice

1. Qual é o (possível) significado das palavras abaixo (em português)?

Verbo “to be”

Verbo “to have”

ACTIVITY - FAA FORMS

of different parameters. Instrument systems now exist to information