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Steam
PRESSÃO
MANOMÉTRICA DIÂMETRO NA TUBULAÇÃO DE VAPOR
psig kgf/cm2 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1.1/4" 1.1/2" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10"
0 0 13 22 36 63 85 140 308 531 835 1206 2086 3289
5 0.352 17 29 47 82 112 184 405 699 1098 1586 2744 4326
10 0.703 20 36 59 102 138 227 501 864 1356 1960 3391 5346
15 1.05 24 43 70 121 164 270 595 1026 1612 2329 4030 6353
20 1.41 28 50 81 140 190 313 689 1187 1865 2695 4662 7349
25 1.76 32 57 91 159 215 355 781 1347 2116 3057 5289 8338
30 2.11 36 63 102 177 241 397 873 1506 2365 3417 5912 9319
35 2.46 39 70 113 196 266 438 964 1663 2612 3774 6530 10294
40 2.81 43 76 123 214 291 479 1055 1820 2858 4130 7145 11264
45 3.16 47 83 134 233 316 520 1146 1976 3103 4484 7758 12229
50 3.52 51 89 145 251 341 561 1236 2131 3347 4836 8367 13190
55 3.87 54 96 155 269 365 602 1326 2286 3590 5187 8975 14148
60 4.22 58 102 165 287 390 643 1415 2440 3832 5537 9580 15102
65 4.57 62 109 176 305 415 683 1504 2594 4074 5886 10184 16054
70 4.92 65 115 186 323 439 724 1593 2747 4314 6234 10786 17002
75 5.27 69 122 197 341 464 764 1682 2900 4554 6581 11386 17949
80 5.62 72 128 207 359 488 804 1770 3053 4794 6927 11985 18893
85 5.98 76 135 217 377 512 844 1858 3205 5033 7272 12583 19836
90 6.33 80 141 228 395 537 884 1947 3357 5272 7617 13180 20777
95 6.68 83 147 238 413 561 924 2035 3509 5510 7962 13776 21716
100 7.03 87 154 248 431 585 964 2122 3660 5748 8306 14371 22654
110 7.73 94 166 269 467 633 1044 2298 3963 6223 8992 15558 24526
120 8.44 101 179 289 502 682 1123 2473 4265 6697 9677 16743 26394
130 9.14 108 192 310 538 730 1203 2648 4566 7171 10361 17926 28259
140 9.84 116 204 330 573 778 1282 2822 4867 7643 11043 19107 30121
150 10.5 123 217 350 608 826 1361 2996 5167 8115 11725 20287 31981
160 11.2 130 230 371 644 874 1440 3170 5468 8587 12407 21466 33839
170 12.0 137 242 391 679 922 1519 3344 5768 9058 13088 22644 35697
180 12.7 144 255 411 714 970 1598 3518 6068 9529 13768 23822 37554
190 13.4 151 267 432 750 1018 1677 3692 6368 10000 14449 25000 39410
200 14.1 158 280 452 785 1066 1756 3866 6668 10471 15130 26177 41266
250 17.6 194 343 554 962 1306 2151 4737 8169 12829 18536 32071 50557
300 21.1 230 406 656 1139 1547 2548 5611 9676 15195 21955 37987 59883
350 24.6 266 470 759 1317 1789 2947 6489 11191 17575 25394 43937 69263
400 28.1 302 534 862 1497 2033 3350 7375 12718 19973 28858 49932 78712
450 31.6 338 599 967 1678 2279 3755 8268 14258 22391 32353 55977 88243
500 35.2 375 664 1072 1861 2528 4165 9169 15812 24833 35880 62081 97864
Nos valores das perdas de combustíveis estão considerados valores médios globais de eficiência dos sistem
Aalborg Industries S.A.
Rua Divino Espírito Santo, 1.100 Bairro
Carangola
CEP 25.715-410 Petrópolis - RJ
Brasil Tel. +55 24 2233 9963Fax +55 24 22
PERDA DE VAPOR NAS TUBULAÇÕES SEM ISOLAMENTO TÉRMICO, POR METRO LINE
KG DE VAPOR)
Steam Lo
h = altura do
líquido no d = diâmetro do tanque em milímetros
tanque
em milímetros 300 460 610 760 910 1060 1220 1370 1520 1680
litros litros litros litros litros litros litros litros litros litros
50 7.9 9.9 11.5 13.0 14.3 15.5 16.9 17.8 18.3 19.5
100 21.5 27.1 31.9 36.0 39.9 43.3 46.2 49.4 52.0 54.9
150 36.5 47.8 57.0 64.9 72.0 78.4 85.7 90.0 92.9 99.8
200 51.4 70.4 85.1 97.5 108.7 118.8 127.9 136.6 144.0 151.5
250 64.9 93.8 115.0 133.1 149.0 165.2 176.3 188.8 201.2 211.1
300 72.9 116.5 145.9 170.4 191.2 209.9 231.0 244.6 260.8 274.4
350 137.1 176.8 208.9 235.9 260.8 283.1 300.5 326.6 342.7
400 154.4 206.8 247.1 280.6 312.9 340.3 366.1 389.9 413.5
460 164.2 234.8 285.6 327.8 365.1 401.1 432.1 458.2 488.0
500 259.9 322.9 367.6 419.7 459.5 498.0 531.5 565.0
560 280.3 358.3 414.8 474.4 521.6 566.3 606.0 643.3
610 291.8 391.0 464.4 527.7 583.6 633.3 679.3 724.0
660 420.0 501.7 581.2 645.7 704.1 757.5 807.2
710 442.9 542.7 632.1 707.8 773.6 830.8 891.6
760 456.0 578.7 683.0 766.2 841.9 911.5 976.1
810 609.7 730.2 827.0 911.5 989.7 1060.5
860 635.8 774.9 885.4 978.5 1066.7 1146.2
910 656.9 814.6 940.0 1045.6 1149.9 1230.6
960 849.4 992.2 1110.2 1217.0 1316.3
1010 878.0 1039.4 1172.3 1303.9 1403.2
1060 894.1 1085.3 1235.6 1366.0 1477.7
1120 1121.3 1291.5 1428.1 1564.7
1170 1151.1 1341.1 1502.6 1639.2
1220 1167.3 1390.8 1564.7 1713.7
1270 1428.1 1626.8 1788.2
1320 1452.9 1676.4 1862.7
1370 1477.7 1726.1 1937.2
1420 1775.8 1999.3
1470 1800.6 2049.0
1520 1825.4 2098.6
1630 2185.6
1730
1830
1930
2030
2130
Dry Air
µ µ µ µ µ µ
O2o LoT CO2 SO2 N2O GoT
Combustível Símbolo
kg/kg kg/kg kg/kg kg/kg kg/kg kg/kg
Carbono C 2,665 11,480 3,665 0 8,815 12,480
Hidrogênio H 7,936 34,194 0 0 26,258 26,258
Enxofre S 0.998 4,300 0 1,998 3,302 5,300
Oxigênio O -1,000 -4,308 0 0 -3,308 -3,308
Nitrogênio N 0 0 0 0 1,000 1,000
Vapor d'água H2O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dióxido de carbono CO2 0 0 1,000 0 0 1,000
Monóxido de carbono CO 0.571 2,461 1,571 0 1,890 3,461
Hidrogênio H2 7,936 34,194 0 0 26,258 26,258
Oxigênio O2 -1,000 -4,308 0 0 -3,308 -3,308
Nitrogênio N2 0 0 0 0 1,000 1,000
Gás sulfídrico H 2S 1,408 6,068 0 1,880 4,660 6,540
Metano CH4 3,990 17,189 2,743 0 13,199 15,942
Etano C2H6 3,725 16,049 2,927 0 12,324 15,251
Propano C3H8 3,629 15,634 2,994 0 12,005 15,000
Butano C H
4 10 3,579 15,419 3,029 0 11,840 14,869
Heptano C H
5 12 3,548 15,288 3,050 0 11,740 14,790
Hexano C H
6 14 3,528 15,200 3,064 0 11,672 14,736
Etileno C2H4
Propileno C3H6 3,422 14,745 3,138 0 11,322 14,460
Butileno C4H8
Acetileno C2H2 3,073 13,239 3,381 0 10,166 13,547
Benzeno C6H6
Álcool metílico CH3OH 1.498 6.454 1.374 0 4.956 6.330
Álcool etílico C2H5OH 2.084 8.978 1.911 0 6.894 8.805
µ
O2o - Massa de oxigênio requerida
µ
LoT - Massa de ar requerida
µ µ µ
co2 - Massa de dióxido de carbono gerado so2 - Massa de dióxido de enxofre gerado n2o - Massa de nitrogênio gerado
µ
GoT - Massa de gases sêcos gerados
µ
H2OB - Massa de vapor d'água gerado
µ
Go - Massa de gases úmidos gerados
CONVERSÃO DE UNIDADES
0C = 5 (0F-32) 0F = 9 0C + 32
9 5
CONVERSÃO DE PRESSÃO
Procure a pressão conhecida na coluna do meio então encontre a pressão em kg/cm² à esquerda e lb/pol² à direita
Pressão
kg/cm² lb/pol² kg/cm² lb/pol² kg/cm² lb/p
0,000 0 0,00 2,5316 36 511,92 5,6962 81 1151
0,0070 0,1 1,422 2,6020 37 526,14 5,7665 82 1166
0,0141 0,2 2,844 2,6723 38 540,36 5,8368 83 1180
0,0211 0,3 4,266 2,7426 39 554,58 5,9072 84 1194
0,0281 0,4 5,688 2,8129 40 568,80 5,9775 85 1208
0,0352 0,5 7,110 2,8833 41 583,02 6,0478 86 1222
0,0422 0,6 8,532 2,9536 42 597,24 6,1181 87 1237
0,0492 0,7 9,954 3,0239 43 611,46 6,1885 88 1251
0,0563 0,8 11,376 3,0942 44 625,68 6,2588 89 1265
0,0633 0,9 12,798 3,1646 45 639,90 6,3291 90 1279
0,0703 1 14,22 3,2349 46 654,12 6,3994 91 1294
0,1406 2 28,44 3,3052 47 668,34 6,4698 92 1308
0,2110 3 42,66 3,3755 48 682,56 6,5401 93 1322
0,2813 4 56,88 3,4459 49 696,78 6,6104 94 1336
0,3516 5 71,10 3,5162 50 711,00 6,6807 95 1350
0,4219 6 85,32 3,5865 51 725,22 6,7511 96 1365
0,4923 7 99,54 3,6568 52 739,44 6,8214 97 1379
0,5626 8 113,76 3,7271 53 753,66 6,8917 98 1393
0,6329 9 127,98 3,7975 54 767,88 6,9620 99 1407
0,7032 10 142,20 3,8678 55 782,10 7,0323 100 1422
0,7736 11 156,42 3,9381 56 796,32 7,7356 110 1564
0,8439 12 170,64 4,0084 57 810,54 8,4388 120 1706
0,9142 13 184,86 4,0788 58 824,76 9,1421 130 1848
0,9845 14 199,08 4,1491 59 838,98 9,8453 140 1990
1,0549 15 213,30 4,2194 60 853,20 10,5485 150 213
1,1252 16 227,52 4,2897 61 867,42 11,2518 160 227
1,1955 17 241,74 4,3601 62 881,64 11,9550 170 241
1,2658 18 255,96 4,4304 63 895,86 12,6582 180 255
1,3361 19 270,18 4,5007 64 910,08 13,3615 190 270
1,4065 20 284,40 4,5710 65 924,30 14,0647 200 284
1,4768 21 298,62 4,6414 66 938,52 14,7679 210 298
1,5471 22 312,84 4,7117 67 952,74 15,4712 220 312
1,6174 23 327,06 4,7820 68 966,96 16,1744 230 327
1,6878 24 341,28 4,8523 69 981,18 16,8776 240 341
1,7581 25 355,50 4,9226 70 955,40 17,5809 250 355
1,8284 26 369,72 4,9930 71 1009,62 18,2841 260 369
1,8987 27 383,94 5,0633 72 1023,84 18,9873 270 383
1,9691 28 398,16 5,1336 73 1038,06 19,6906 280 398
2,0394 29 412,38 5,2039 74 1052,28 20,3938 290 412
2,1097 30 426,60 5,2743 75 1066,50 21,0970 300 426
2,1800 31 440,82 5,3446 76 1080,72 21,8003 310 440
2,2504 32 455,04 5,4149 77 1094,94 22,5035 320 455
2,3207 33 469,26 5,4852 78 1109,16 23,2068 330 469
2,3910 34 483,48 5,5556 79 1123,38 23,9100 340 483
2,4613 35 497,70 5,6259 80 1137,60 24,6132 350 497
DECIMAL FRAÇÃO 0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8"
0.00000 0/00 0.00 25.40 50.80 76.20 101.60 127.00 152.40 203.20
0.03125 1/32 0.79 26.19 51.59 76.99 102.39 127.79 153.19 203.99
0.06250 1/16 1.59 26.99 52.39 77.79 103.19 128.59 153.99 204.79
0.09375 3/32 2.38 27.78 53.18 78.58 103.98 129.38 154.78 205.58
0.12500 1/8 3.18 28.58 53.98 79.38 104.78 130.18 155.58 206.38
0.15625 5/32 3.97 29.37 54.77 80.17 105.57 130.97 156.37 207.17
0.18750 3/16 4.76 30.16 55.56 80.96 106.36 131.76 157.16 207.96
0.21875 7/32 5.56 30.96 56.36 81.76 107.16 132.56 157.96 208.76
0.25000 1/4 6.35 31.75 57.15 82.55 107.95 133.35 158.75 209.55
0.28125 9/32 7.14 32.54 57.94 83.34 108.74 134.14 159.54 210.34
0.31250 5/16 7.94 33.34 58.74 84.14 109.54 134.94 160.34 211.14
0.34375 11/32 8.73 34.13 59.53 84.93 110.33 135.73 161.13 211.93
0.37500 3/8 9.53 34.93 60.33 85.73 111.13 136.53 161.93 212.73
0.40625 13/32 10.32 35.72 61.12 86.52 111.92 137.32 162.72 213.52
0.43750 7/16 11.11 36.51 61.91 87.31 112.71 138.11 163.51 214.31
0.46875 15/32 11.91 37.31 62.71 88.11 113.51 138.91 164.31 215.11
0.50000 1/2 12.70 38.10 63.50 88.90 114.30 139.70 165.10 215.90
0.53125 17/32 13.49 38.89 64.29 89.69 115.09 140.49 165.89 216.69
0.56250 9/16 14.29 39.69 65.09 90.49 115.89 141.29 166.69 217.49
0.59375 19/32 15.08 40.48 65.88 91.28 166.68 142.08 167.48 218.28
0.62500 5/8 15.88 41.28 66.68 92.08 117.48 142.88 168.28 219.08
0.65625 21/32 16.67 42.07 67.47 92.87 118.27 143.67 169.07 219.87
0.68750 11/16 17.46 42.86 68.26 93.66 119.06 144.46 169.86 220.66
0.71875 23/32 18.26 43.66 69.06 94.46 119.86 145.26 170.66 221.46
0.75000 3/4 19.05 44.45 69.85 95.25 120.65 146.05 171.45 222.25
0.78125 25/32 19.84 45.24 70.64 96.04 121.44 146.84 172.24 223.04
0.81250 13/16 20.64 46.04 71.44 96.84 122.24 147.64 173.04 233.84
0.84375 27/32 21.43 46.83 72.23 97.63 123.03 148.43 173.83 224.63
0.87500 7/8 22.23 47.63 73.02 98.43 123.82 149.23 174.63 225.43
0.90625 29/32 23.02 48.42 73.82 99.22 124.62 150.02 175.42 226.22
0.93750 15/16 23.81 49.21 74.61 100.01 125.41 150.81 176.21 227.01
0.96875 31/32 24.61 50.01 75.41 100.81 126.21 151.61 177.01 227.81
1.00000 1 25.40 50.80 76.20 101.60 127.00 152.40 177.80 228.60
DECIMAL FRAÇÃO 0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8"
1 kg de C C H2 S
necessita
O2 kg 2,667 1,333 8,000 1,00
Nm³ 1,867 0,933 5,600 0,70
Ar Kg 11,496 5,746 34,483 4,348
Nm³ 8,887 4,443 26,667 3,333
produz
CO2 CO H2O SO2
kg 3,667 2,333 9,000 2,000
Nm³ 1,867 1,866 11,194 0,683
N2 kg 8,829 4,413 26,483 3,348
Nm³ 7,02 3,510 21,067 2,633
Steam Table
CALOR
LATENTE
CALOR TOTAL
kcal/kg kcal/kg
539.1 639.2
533.7 642.2
529.2 644.7
525.3 646.7
521.9 648.3
518.9 649.8
516.0 651.1
513.4 652.2
511.0 653.3
508.7 654.2
506.5 655.0
504.5 655.8
502.5 656.6
500.6 657.2
498.8 657.9
497.1 658.5
495.4 659.0
493.8 659.5
492.2 660.0
490.7 660.5
489.2 660.9
486.3 661.7
483.6 662.4
481.0 663.1
478.5 663.7
476.1 664.2
473.8 664.7
471.6 665.1
469.4 665.5
467.3 665.9
465.2 666.3
455.6 667.6
446.9 668.5
438.9 669.0
431.4 669.3
424.3 669.3
417.6 669.2
OR
Steam Losses
m³ DE kg DE
LENHA CARVÃO
PERDISO PERDIDOS
POR MÊS POR MÊS
293 75,600
74 18.792
19 4.680
5 1,152
548 140,400
137 35.136
35 8.784
9 2,232
622 159,833
155 39.960
39 9.936
10 2,520
742 190,822
186 47.686
47 11.930
12 2,980
TUBOS
5 6
1.000 1.200
1.080 1.280
1.150 1.370
1.220 1.460
1.260 1.540
1.340 1.620
1.450 1.740
1.560 1.870
1.820 2.090
BSTÂNCIA kcal/kg °C
(PINHO) 0.650
IO 0.250
ÊS 0.120
E 0.210
IO 0.036
0.209
DO DE 0.312
0.310
MBUSTÍVEL 0.110
OLIVA 0.450
BRIFICANTE 0.400
0.400
O (LÍQUIDO) 0.033
GRANITO) 0.316
EO 0.200
0.510
ERRA 0.082
ANA 0.500
0.258
O 0.063
ENE 0.210
0.470
0.210
0.330
0.210
EFRATÁRIO 0.440
OMUM 0.220
0.200
0.107
LE 40
Tube dimensions and weights
SUPERFÍCIE
EXTERNA
(m2/m)
0.067
0.084
0.105
0.133
0.152
0.189
0.229
0.279
0.359
0.529
0.688
0.858
1.017
1.117
1.277
SUPERFÍCIE
EXTERNA
(m2/m)
0.067
0.084
0.105
0.133
0.152
0.189
0.229
0.279
0.359
0.529
0.688
0.858
1.017
1.117
1277
Tank Volumes
ros
d x h-h2
d2 + 1,7 x d x h – h2
9963Fax +55 24 2237 6603 / 2237 3920E-mail: rio@aalborg-industriescom.br http://www.aalborg-industries.com.brPODER CALORÍFICO INFERIOR
RSOS COMBUSTÍVEIS
tion Air and Gases
LUME
GASES
GERADOS
13.36
12.61
5.71
5.34
7.28
Dry Air
293 kg
kg de O2 0,996 kg
3 Nm³
Nm³ de O2
Nm³ de N2
Nm³ de ar 4,353
ar
Nm³ de ar 6,173
ar
Nm³ de ar 1,298
ar
Nm³ de ar 1,636
ar
µ µ µ
GoT H2OB Go
Unities Conversion
POR PARA OBTER
3,281 Pé
39.37 Pol
264.2 Galão (Amer.)
35.31 Pé³
61024 Pol³
1,667 cm/seg
0.06 km/h
10.76 Pé²
1550 Pol²
196.8 Pé/min
0.0145 Lb/pol²
1.0 ppm
1,45 x 10-4 psg
1,02 x 10-5 kgf/cm2
1 x 10-5 bar
2.54 cm
2,54x10-3 kg/cm²
0.3048 m
0.508 cm/seg
929 cm²
345.3 kg/m²
30.48 cm
0.06243 m³/kg
0.02832 m³
472 cm³/seg
16.39 cm³
0.01639 Litro
0.03453 kg/cm²
6,895 Pa
98066 Pa
100000 Pa
2205 lb
14.22 lb/pol²
28.96 Pol de Hg
0.06243 lb/pé³
27.78 cm/seg
16.67 m/min
39683 btu
1,163x10-3 kW.h
860 kcal
86.0 kcal/h . m² (ºC/m)
8599 kcal/h . m² .ºC
da e lb/pol² à direita
kg/cm² lb/pol²
5,6962 81 1151,82
5,7665 82 1166,04
5,8368 83 1180,26
5,9072 84 1194,48
5,9775 85 1208,70
6,0478 86 1222,92
6,1181 87 1237,14
6,1885 88 1251,36
6,2588 89 1265,58
6,3291 90 1279,80
6,3994 91 1294,02
6,4698 92 1308,24
6,5401 93 1322,46
6,6104 94 1336,68
6,6807 95 1350,90
6,7511 96 1365,12
6,8214 97 1379,34
6,8917 98 1393,56
6,9620 99 1407,78
7,0323 100 1422,00
7,7356 110 1564,20
8,4388 120 1706,40
9,1421 130 1848,60
9,8453 140 1990,80
10,5485 150 2133,00
11,2518 160 2275,20
11,9550 170 2417,40
12,6582 180 2559,60
13,3615 190 2701,80
14,0647 200 2844,00
14,7679 210 2986,20
15,4712 220 3128,40
16,1744 230 3270,60
16,8776 240 3412,80
17,5809 250 3555,00
18,2841 260 3697,20
18,9873 270 3839,40
19,6906 280 3981,60
20,3938 290 4123,80
21,0970 300 4266,00
21,8003 310 4408,20
22,5035 320 4550,40
23,2068 330 4692,60
23,9100 340 4834,80
24,6132 350 4977,00
480 642.72
490 656.11
500 669.5
510 682.89
520 696.28
530 709.67
540 723.06
550 736.45
560 749.84
570 763.23
580 776.62
590 790.01
600 803.4
610 816.79
620 830.18
630 843.57
640 856.96
650 870.35
660 883.74
670 897.13
680 910.52
690 923.91
700 937.3
MILÍMETROS
Tel. +55 24 2233 9963Fax +55 24 2237 6603 / 2237 3920E-mail: rio@aalborg-industriescom.br http://www.aalborg-industries.com.br
S CH4 C2H4
Tel. +55 24 2233 9963Fax +55 24 2237 6603 / 2237 3920E-mail: rio@aalborg-industriescom.br http://www.aalborg-industries.com.br