0)46

)

The

Benefits S

of I

HART

Protocol

Communication S y stems

in

mart

nstrumentation

a D ig ita Ac S O l S C u n og i m o rop F C E a il F i n i e s a U i n s d r e u t g d s t n a u o h b l d a e b r y s c s i s s m s m t f f e r o d p m a r o t a u y d n n v u m d i c i r c u a a t t u s n r i c d t i o a w a f o n l l y i t h t i o r . d U a n s i g s l l e m P i t a o a r o l l y f t j o c h r o t o e e g m c n o h t e l o m l a c b u i s n h a n c n l i c w e o i d d l o i n a s t e 4 g t l y 2 y r i o u n r 0 i s m . e m g e c o g A s r n o t a w t n m i z a i n i o e r g n d t o i n b t h u a l l y m a il p l l a a y m n c ity r t o i o n m d o v n e s g r r e o w s m i n a g r t s e i n l e s t c r u t i o m n e n o t f s p t r h o a d n u a c n t s y o t h e r i n t h e n t e c h n o l o g y w i t h m o r e t h a n 1 , 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 t s m e o u p p l c p l i n C l t a a ra p o e n d C e s o e om n t b e i b il n C b e a s r t d s e p o l e ity d o y e m D f m e a c a v t n i c o d e s a D t a n n d e s d d c a a r r d t i p a t s i o t n r u L c a t u n r g e u a g e m t c e e t i o u w p t a o m v a s b a u i c il ity l l l t e tib a i t h i n i v s il n e s a t t r a r u i a t u m b s e l e n t i n p s a t r r u a m m e e n t e t s r s & d i a g n o s t i c s p i n c s

n i g r s o o

a n c t m r

l o a e u m l

g v s m u s e n

c a v n

u r a t i c

r i e r a a

r s

n w b i o e

t i t l e n p r

s h b s o

i g i n e y c

a a i n s e t s e g

l . r a r m s v

n n e s a r p u g

m e r e s i a

o o s e b

s f e

t 4 n t l e h t

a e i s i n

p 2 d

p 0 . i n f o r

l i c m V t m i r e

i o i n a n t i o a

s p l l y t n i o . a n

t r

h o l l a

e p i n l s o s

m r t t a t a

i l l i a i o l l e n d n d

m t o p a r

e t l a d h

r e n t o

A na

A t r a u

i a t t

ity a x l o i s g t & i n g d 4 i g 2 i t 0 a l m c o m e m q u u n i p i c m a e t n i o t n & w i r i n g s HART t a e n a n c a n n h h d t a n s n o n n o d t f i n c l o f o a a p n e g r F r n r o d y d d o v c a c a i e t l d o c e t o s i o o r m e h e n s n m r w e C n t o h r c o o i n u f a n l e y m a l n m c i n n p t u e s r r i c c t o o a e t n c r u l , c t d d r e i o i c o m t h s n i n e s a m e e s t i o m n n u t a s n t P i c i o a n r o t . p m a p b l e r c o t t t i o o n A r e e o o n r c m c o w m t o t i s o o a t l t l i t a c t e h j o o i o i c n e s a m T r a l n o x t i n r i s c f e n e t s n e t f a d s l l i g e o p t , s h p s t a i s e i n e b r t h n e t t i n i l i t i m m h g i e p w . e s s o 4 e 2 a e i g . r h 0 s v u o n Th t a i c n h m r e l u i f e t A i -

Inte

A v

HART i n c t s h a h e s a t r r u

HART d u c e r

Hi g

Ad

Re

Th w i g a m c r r e t s h a i t

e h n t i o e a e t m i o a s

HART m l . n w r r e n , i e n a s a B i g i r d t s n r n t a i n b , d r o n g t t i n h

p s

o t t h r

t u e

o m

o e 4 n a 4 s g n l o a l s 2

l n 0 b r 2 y

e t s

n w m e v 0 p a t r o m i c t m

b i t A t a r r a

l e h a n b ( o n

s u a s l e i f e i n f a n o m o m i c t m

t t

w d l o g i t a d e r e a p a m e r s

o i s

w t a u n d d

a r d s c e d t i r i o e t l e e n s d b

y i n

d g

i g t

i t h

a e

l 4 d e i g a o n c s l o g x i s a e

c i g o n d f s m i e t

o 2 i t u a d i g s e s i n

m 0 a s l i t u i b t f g r l

m m c

n A a o o m v r a i o t e . p y s r t h n m

i c n m e r a l , r U o e o m

a a u

i o l o n t h i o e a a e n g

HART i m o ) v , i c i s a e w c t h i t t n h h o e n w e a e t u r o h c c l t l a s i l e n

i -

a . y p

l s P t r d o t i o t d n o c i g h o r e

c i m

t n s

l y i n i o a l e i m o s r t f n o

i a A

Introduction

i r , a w

l i -

c i a o

r s h m i s

c u n c m e

HART a i n r s a u s s p p t t h r i d p u e m l y

F d e n a r s

i e u t n o

l d s c d t o r

C y

o v c e

g l i k s s . e

i n

HART p e t r u r m o e p n e

e u c

i t ,

i o t i b

HART

l i e

HART

T
c o b r p t h . e r e o o t v c r m t a i d o m h n e p a 4 s s t t d w f f l y i n i n g y o n m c o r . r r e e K i o

ch

nol

og

Th i b 2 m m p a a 0 i t l e

e s m t n t i b e y

HART o A d b i l i t y s e l u a t n i m n a e n i o a u f n

r f

o o g

t r a

o s n e

c m d o r m o

l a d u m s i s r

p r t i g l y e i t

o i n i t o d y

v s a n b o

i d t l r

e u c t y h f e x

s m o e i e i s m

a e m s l d t i n b a n

u t u m

n c n

i q o i c e u s 4 , -

u m a w w 2

e m t

l y u i o i r h 0 i n i l e m n

b n

a i c s g r A e s .

c a i g

k t n

w i o a

a n l s

d a a s

Th e n i g i t

e y

HART p i n s i t h q q u u a t e e h n n g i g l e c c F n S 4 y y o ( F a K o 2 S l s s K

o ) a i g 0 f f 2 1 t

t s

o t a n m 2 2 0

c a

o n l o a l A 0 0 0

l d w i s s

m a

a r l e p i g n d

e t v h a a n s a l . e

s o l s e

u s o

s u n c

e p t o l o l o o w g

o e o n

f r p t i c g n

t i m

e p o f u a l a F l o o

B s t u 1 i g 0 h

e e e s u ,

l l

2 d 4 i t i s i s

0 i g d r r s 1 2

2 i t 0 o e e a p p

F a m e r

r l

e c

q o

u m

n m S i n i n t e t e

c u c t d d

y n e e b b r

S i c t f y y e

h a h r

i f e e a a

l o l t i t d s

n p f a

HART t y a s i n t e i n m g s

A. s e r n e d s s n e e 2 o n n . t

i n

i l i a

A d s h a

Hz Hz a

i c i n

Th a P s m t n e a a

i s d r l l a i n t i n t

p h s t e i o

a e t r n n

p b u / a

e e m c n

r n e o c e

p e n m /

r f t m o

o i t c

v s

i d a o i s s r a s

e c t i o t

s h s n i o a

a i e v i n n s g v

b a i n

r b g a a

i e l e s n r e

o w b d c e $ o

e i t n 1 m h e 0

v t f 0 m

i e h s o 2

w i s o 0 n l y 0 f

o i m $

f p 3 p r e

h o 0 e p r o 0

e r t y r t a 5

HART n 0 e e a d t 0 r . t e i n i n c h

p n i n o n

o o i t g i a

o l o l o

c g

i t

Th a n t

e i o d f a A s r o t

HART n j u m e i g o r e s n a s a a a d t l i g n t t s 1 a d h m

F m e

S a n a 2 n i t a 0 d

K k o r 0 a l u t r f

s e m i e b

i g s a l d i t l l o p d s w

n i t l

a p p i n p s a t e

l i n o r s e a s r o t

g s c r s h p e u e o s e

e i b s m c s r

a l e s e o t s e n a v n

b f a t d p c

l e o r . w p o r

s a b

w d l e e

o d t

i t o

w i o b

a n e

y a c p

d l o r r a f i e r

i g i n m o u s l d t p t f

i t o m o t e

a r

l m u c i n r d ) e o g t

c a n l

o t i c c t o v i c h g

m i o a o e e e m

m n t e m 4 t .

u b d

n e t u t w 2 0 o o

i -

i a Th

HART h a f r o t u i o o m t n i n ( a t m e

na

og

ig

ita

om

unica

tion
o y A)

i c

i t l i c n d

F p

o r o

r c

m e s

a s

y a u

y t

e o

a m

s a

, t

t i o

h n

e e

f q

i e u

l d i p m

o e

m n t

m h

u a

n s

i c b

a e

t e

i o n

n a

s m

a m

d p e

u r

s e

e (

d m

i l l i a

im

ul

ta

ne

ous

na

og

ig

ita

om

unica

tion

Figure

HART

uses on

Frequency top of the 4

Shift -2 0 m

Keying A

to

encode signal

digital

Figure

HART

digital 4

com -2 0 m

unication A analog

signal signal

sup

erim

osed

on

the

inform

ation

analog

smar

Flexible Application

urst

or

roadcast

mode

HART is principally a master/slave protocol which means that a field (slave) device speaks only when spoken can to by a mas-

ter .

T wo

masters

(primar y in a

and

secondary) network. can

communicate masters, almost

with

slave as

devices

HART

Secondary be

such

handheld

communicators,

connected

anywhere on the network and communicate with field devices without primary disturbing master is communication typically a DCS, with the or primar y master . A

PLC,

computer

based

central control or monitoring system. A typical installation with two masters is shown in Figure 3.
All Continuous Digital Communication of a M ode. Standard Reply

transmission M

Selected as PV .

essage

such M

aps

between

essages

allow or

aster

to

change

Command

mode per second typical

to

updates

Figure

Some

devices

support ( O

HART

urst

ommunication

Mode

ptional)

The

same

HART by

reply

message until the

(PV

or

other)

is

continuously the slave are to

broadcast do
Figure 3 The HART protocol in allows Slave ( two Master devices

the

slave

master of 3-4

instructs per

otherwise. with

Data

update

rates

second will vary only

typithe

cal

burst

mode

communication mode should

and be

with in

to

access

information

field)

devices

chosen slave

command.

Burst

used

single

device

networks.

The

HART

protocol

can

be

used

in

various field

modes

for

comand

The tiple

HART field

protocol

also

has

the

capability of

to

connect a

mul-

municating central

infor mation or

to/from

smar t

instruments

devices

on

the as

same

pair in

wires 6 .

in

multidrop ap-

control

monitoring

equipment. with the

Digital mA in

master/slave signal allows twice con-

network

configuration

shown is

Figure to

In

multidrop

communication is the most

simultaneous This

4-20

analog 4,

plications, only . The

communication

limited slave

master/slave is fixed

digital mini-

common.

mode, slave

depicted device mA to

Figure

current through

each

device

at a

digital per

information in the

from

the

be

updated signal for

mum value to power the device (typically 4 mA) and no longer has any meaning relative to the process.

second and

master . carry

The the

4-20

analog

is

tinuous

can

still

primar y

variable

control.

aster

Slave

or

oll

Response

Analog

Digital Analog

or

Digital is

Only

Communication

Figure

The

HART N

field

devices for

can

connected

in

Multidrop

signal

not

interrupted from M aster

etwork

some

applications

Slave

responds 500

to

Commands/Requests response (2 values

T ypical

ms

per

second)

Figure

HART ( N

Master/

Slave

ommunication

From

an

installation 4-20

perspective, analog

the

same

wiring

used

for

ormal

HART

Mode)

conventional

mA

instruments cable

carries

the

HART vary

communication

signals.

Allowable

run

lengths

will

with the type of cable and the devices connected, but in general Burst is an optional communication mode (Figure 5) which up to 3,000 1,500 meters meters for for a single twisted twisted can pair pair cable with with

shield a

and

multiple

cables for

allows a single slave device to continuously broadcast a standard HART to reply message. This mode frees the to master get from

common

shield.

Unshielded safety

cables

be

used

short pass

distances. the HART

Intrinsic signals

barriers

and

isolators for use

which

having

send

repeated

command

requests

updated

are

readily

available

in

hazardous

process

variable

information.

areas.

)!

smar

Powerful

Command

Set

Common

Practice

Commands

provide

access

to

functions These

which are implemented in many devices though not all. HART sues communication command is command slave based, i.e., a master types isof

commands are optional, but if implemented, must be as specified. Device Specific Commands used for allows device access to unique pa-

and

the

responds.

Three to

HART

commands in

provide

read/write field

access

infor mation (see are Figure

product

features.

Mostly

configuration

available 7 ).

HART -compatible and Common

instruments Commands The third

rameters, these commands can send a new set point to a PID algorithm in the device.

Universal HART

Practice

defined Device

in

the

protocol

specifications. provide

type,

Specific

Commands, or

freedom to a

for

product

specific

Device

status

infor mation

included

in

every

HART

command

parameters

functions

unique

particular

device.

response provides increased system integrity for critical loops. The device status bits in each reply message indicate device malfunctions rated, or other of problems limits, or such as analog output satu-

niversal Commands

variable

out

communication monitor the

errors.

Some bits

HART -compatible
Model T ag D I D D Message I P ate V alues D nstrument L imits

devices provide

can

device or

status

rocess

Measurements Status

continuously if problems

and

early

warning

alarms

shutdowns

escription

Range

evice

are

detected.

Device

Description

anguage

HART

Device

Description the

Language and

(DDL),

extends

interopcomcre-

erability mands.

beyond A field

Universal (slave)

Common

Practice DDL

device

manufacturer

uses

to

ate a software file with all relevant device characteristics, such that a DDL capable host can fully communicate a HART with the de-

Common

Practice

Commands

Device

Specific

Commands

vice.

Device a

Description

(DD)

for

device

is

analowhere

Read Change

V ariables & Lower Range

Model Special Star t,

Specific

Functions Options T otalizer

Upper

Calibration or Clear

gous to

printer driver in

the

personal computer world

Adjust

(zero, Self N

span) T est

Stop,

the printer driver links an application to the printer such that it prints properly on the page.

Initiate Serial Time

Select Enable Adjust

Primary PID,

V ariable SP

umber V alues

Change

Constant

T uning

Parameters

Universal any

hand-held

communicators through host

capable DDL are

of

configuring from

HART -based

instrument

available that

Figure ensure

HART

niversal

&

Common products

ractice

Commands manufacture

several stand

manufacturers. are

Other to

applications A central is

underof all

interoperability

across

of

different

DDL

beginning Device

emerge.

library

HART -compatible HART

Descriptions

managed

by

the

Universal Commands ensure interoperability across the large and growing base to of products from different in suppliers, plant and

Communication

Foundation.

provide

access

information

useful

normal

opera-

tion, i.e., reading process measurements/variables, upper and lower turer , range values, tag, and other infor mation A such rule as of manufacthe HART

model,

and

description.

basic

protocol is that HART -compatible slave devices must respond to as all Universal example, variables Commands. Universal to be These commands 3 allows are powerful four dy-

for

Command in a

up

to

namic

read

single

command

response.

smar

)"

Innovative

Application

Example

Best

Solution

The

power of

of

the 8 .

HART This

protocol

is

evident

in

the

control the

dia-

The

HART

protocol for

provides

users the

with

the

best

solution

and

gram ent and

Figure of

innovative protocol

application that both

uses

inher-

migration

path

capturing

benefits No

of

enhanced

com-

feature digital

the

HART

4-20

mA

analog

munication tion of

with

smart can are

instrumentation. the base with

other

communicarange

communication the same

signals

are

transmitted

simulta-

technology

match

of support or wide today . The

neously

over

wiring.

products is easy

that to

available

HART

technolavail-

ogy In this application, PID control mA PID the HART -compatible The is device transmitter is has an able all

use

and

HART -compatible

products

are

from

major instrumentation measurement and

suppliers to

address virtually

internal that the

capability .

configured to the

such

process

control

applications.

4-20 the

loop

current

propor tional in the

control the The emergence of fieldbus will not displace HART in either

output

of

algorithm

executing

device

(not

measured variable as in most transmitter applications). Since the 4-20 it is mA loop to current the is regulated by the PID control out-

existing or new production facilities. HART provides users with many and cost of the same of benefits while mA retaining systems. the compatibility allows the

put,

used

drive

valve

position

directly .

familiarity saving digital

existing of

4-20

HART

benefits data

remote

communication, field device to be

flexible/accuand

The

control

loop

executes PID) as and the

entirely

in

the

field

between control

the ac-

rate

transmission,

diagnostics, captured

transmitter tion is

(with

the

control

valve.

The

power ful

multiparameter entire

instruments

without

continuous the with valve. the

traditional

4-20

mA

analog links and

signal opthe

replacing

systems.

drives erator

HART

digital to

communication set point,

the

control or in

loop

change

read

Connection by the

to

current

and

future

plant

networks and

is

assured installed

primar y ings trol are

variable, possible is

valve

position

output.

Substantial innovative

savcon-

digital

communication

capability

large

applications

where

this

base (more than 5,000,000 installations and growing rapidly). Support of the HART Communication Foundation ensures that the of technology will continue to evolve and for serving the needs

architecture

appropriate.

smart

instrumentation

today

tomorrow.

ritten

by

Ron

Helson

HART 9 39 0

Communication Research Austin, Blvd.,

Foundation Suite 759 I-350 USA

T exas

78

HART

is

registered

trademark

of

the

HART

Communication

Foundation.

Figure

Some for

HART -bassed implementing

instruments cost

include

PID

algorithms

effective

control

)#

smar

HART

Foundation

Members

ABB Adaptive Instruments Corp.

ME

SCO

ngineering Motion,

mbH

Micro

Inc.

Allen-Bradley Analog Anderson Devices Co. G , Inc. mbH Inc. MMG Moore

Milltronics

Ltd. Muvek Rt

Automatika

Instrument

Industries-International Products Co.

Apparatebau Applied

Hundsbach

Moore MTS

System

T echnologies, Systems Ab

Systems

Corp.

Arcom

Control

Neles-J Ohmar t PR

amesbur y Corporation A/S Ltd

Beamex Besta Bopp & Reuther Brooks

Oy , AG

electronics

Heinrichs

mbH

Peek

Measurement + Fuchs

Instrument

Pepperl Pondus

BTG Delta Dr Drex Controls Ltd

Instruments

AB Inc.

Princo

Instruments, Inc. Ltd

gerwerk E

AG Co.

Raytek

elbrook E lcon + +

ngineering

Rittmeyer Robertshaw

Instruments Hartmann Hauser G & Braun

T ennessee Inc. Inc. mbH

lsag E

Bailey

Rosemount Rosemount R ssel

ndress E

mbH Ltd AS

Analytical G

ndress

Hauser

Messtechnik T ank

Fieldbus Fisher

Inter national Int l

Saab

Control AG

Controls

Inc. Inc

Samson

Fisher-Rosemount Flowdata, Fox Fuj i boro-E E

Systems, Inc. AG Ltd. Inc.

Schlumberger Siemens SMC Smar AG

ckardt Co. ,

Corporation Corp

lectric Beck

International G

Harold

&

Sons,

Softing Solartron

mbH

Helios Hersey

AG Company

T ransducers Inc. Institute

Measurement Honeywell,

SOR, Southwest

Inc. i Robotyki AB

Research

Instytut

Automatyki

Sparling The Fox

Instruments Company

Instrumentfirman J ohnson Y

INOR

boro

okogawa A/S

Corp.

T oshiba T wo

Corporation Inc. Inc.

Kamstrup

T echnologies, Automation

Kay-Ray/Sensall KDG Knick E Mobrey Me

Inc.

Valmet

Ltd ger te G mbH VE

Valtek G A-G

International rieshaber KG

lectronische K-TE K

Corp. G mbH

Viatran W W . C. G

Corporation roenhuij z en

Krohne

Me

technik

MACT ek Magnetrol

Corporation International

estlock W W

Controls

Corporation Inc. Inc. , Ltd.

hessoe-Varec, ireless Scientific,

Masoneilan Measurement Meridian T echnology B. Ltd. Y V .

amatake-Honeywell

Co.

Instruments

smar

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