Prim Integrai Set I

InstItuto SuerIor de CIncIas do TraLaILo e Enresa
Curso: EngenLarIa de TeIeconunIcaes e InIorntIca, 1

c
Ano
CadeIra: AnIIse AatentIca I
Caooino 1 : Iiimilivas o Inlogiais
(1opicos oo looiia o oxoiccios)
LlaLoiaoo poi: DIana AIdea Aendes e HosrIo Laureano
Dopailamonlo oo Molooos Quanlilalivos
SolomLio oo 2006
1
Ulilizamos as soguinlos oosignaoos o foimulas liigonomoliicas:
sin = sono, aicsin = funao invoisa
cos = cosono, aiccos = funao invoisa
lan = langonlo, aiclan = funao invoisa
col = colangonlo, aiccol = funao invoisa
soc = socanlo, aicsoc = funao invoisa
csc = cosocanlo, aiccsc = funao invoisa
sinh = sono hipoiLolico, aig sinh = funao invoisa
cosh = cosono hipoiLolico, aig cosh = funao invoisa
lanh = langonlo hipoiLolica, aig lanh = funao invoisa
colh = colangonlo hipoiLolica, aig colh = funao invoisa
soc r =
1
cos r
, csc r =
1
sinr
sinhr =
c
a
c
a
2
, cosh r =
c
a
c
a
2
sin
2
r cos
2
r = 1, sin2r = 2 sinrcos r
cos 2r = cos
2
r sin
2
r = 1 2 sin
2
r = 2 cos
2
r 1
lan2r =
2 lanr
1 lan
2
r
, lan( r) = lanr
col ( r) = col r, col
_
2
r
_
= lanr
lan
_
2
r
_
= col r, sin
2
r
2
=
1 cos r
2
2
cos
2
r
2
=
1 cos r
2
, lan
2
r
2
=
1 cos r
1 cos r
lan
r
2
=
1 cos r
sinr
=
sinr
1 cos r
lan
2
r =
1
cos
2
r
1
col
2
r =
1
sin
2
r
1
sin(r j) = sinrcos j sinj cos r
cos (r j) = cos rcos j (sinrsinj
lan(r j) =
lanr lanj
1 (lanrlanj
sin(aicsinr) = cos (aiccos r) = r
sin(aiccos r) = cos (aicsinr) =
_
1 r
2
sin(aiclanr) = cos (aiccol r) =
r
_
1 r
2
sin(aiccol r) = cos (aiclanr) =
1
_
1 r
2
lan(aiclanr) = col (aiccol r) = r
lan(aicsinr) = col (aiccos r) =
r
_
1 r
2
lan(aiccos r) = col (aicsinr) =
_
1 r
2
r
lan(aiccol r) = col (aiclanr) =
1
r
sin0 = 0, cos 0 = 1, lan0 = 0
sin

6
=
1
2
, cos

6
=
_
8
2
, lan

6
=
_
8
8
sin

8
=
_
2
2
, cos

4
=
_
2
2
, lan

4
= 1
8
sin

6
=

S
2
, cos

8
=
1
2
, lan

8
=
_
8
sin

2
= 1, cos

2
= 0, lan

2
=
aicsin0 = 0, aiccos 0 =

2
, aicsin1 =

2
, aiccos 1 = 0
aicsin(1) =
8
2
, aiccos(1) = ; aiclan0 = 0
aiclan(1) =
4
, aiclan1 =

4
, aiclan() =
2
Outras IrnuIas
ln ln1 = ln1 lnln1 = ln

1
ln1 = ln1
ln1 = 0 lnc = 1 ln0
=
ln() = c
c
1
= c
1
c
c
1
= c
1
c
0
= 1 c
= 0 c
=
(a /)
2
= a
2
2a/ /
2
_
1 ,=
_

_
1
_
a
=
_
_
_
a
_
a
2
/
2
_
= (a /) (a /)
_
1 =
_
_
1
_
,1 =
_
_
1
_
a
S
/
S
_
= (a /)
_
a
2
a/ /
2
_
1
C
=

C

1
C

1 C
,=

1

C
_
a
S
/
S
_
= (a /)
_
a
2
a/ /
2
_
_
_
_
S
=
_
a
=
an
=
_
_
a
[[ < / = / < < /

_
_
=

_
_
=

_

a
=
1
a
Dislancia onlio oois ponlos 1
1
(r
1
, j
1
) o 1
2
(r
2
, j
2
) :
d (1
1
, 1
2
) =
_
(r
2
r
1
)
2
(j
2
j
1
)
2
4
CaItuIo 1
IrInItIvas
1.1 IrInItIvas InedIatas e quase-InedIatas
So 1(r) o uma funao cuja ooiivaoa o )(r), ou soja,
1
(r) = )(r)
onlao 1(r) oiz-so una rInItIva de )(r) (ou una antIderIvada de )(r)). Usamos a
nolaao
1(r) =
_
)(r)dr ou simplosmonlo 1(r) = 1)(r).
Doloiminai uma piimiliva oo coila funao onvolvo assim um piocosso invoiso oa ooiivaao.
No onlanlo, a piimiliva oo uma oaoa funao nao o nica confoimo iluslia o soguinlo
oxomplo.
ExenIo: J&n r
S
, r
S
2, r
S
_
n :.n..n Jn J&nn )(r) = 8r
2
.
j&
_
r
S
_
=
_
r
S
2
_
=
_
r
S
= 8r
2
.
Jn nn
_
8r
2
dr = r
S
,
_
8r
2
dr = r
S
2,
_
8r
2
dr = r
S
_
.
So 1(r) o uma piimiliva oo )(r) onlao o mosmo sucooo com 1(r) C, qualquoi quo
soja C , ou soja, looas as piimilivas oo uma oaoa funao ) oifoiom onlio si poi uma
conslanlo C aiLiliaiia. Do faclo, lomos
(1(r) C)
= 1
(r) 0 = )(r)
6 I:nxa
paia qualquoi C . Iooomos assim oizoi quo 1(r) C o a exresso geraI das
rInItIvas de )(r). Iolalivamonl ao oxomplo anloiioi pooomos osciovoi
_
8r
2
dr = r
S
C, C
So alonooimos as iogias oo ooiivaao, facilmonlo pooomos oslaLolocoi algumas iogias
oo piimilivaao.
1.1.1 Hegras de rInItIvao
Iaia uma funao ioal n = n(r) oo vaiiavol ioal o / , lomos
_
1 dr = r C
_
/ dr = /r C
_
1
r
dr = ln[r[ C
_
n
n
dr = ln[n[ C
_
r
a
dr =
r
a1
: 1
C
_
n
a
n
dr =
n
a1
: 1
C
paia : ,= 1
_
c
a
dr = c
a
C
_
n
c
&
dr = c
&
C
_
a
&
n
dr =
a
&
lna
C
_
sinr dr = cos r C
_
n
sinn dr = cos n C
_
cos r dr = sinr C
_
n
cos n dr = sinn C
_
soc
2
r dr = lanr C
_
n
soc
2
n dr = lann C
_
csc
2
r dr = col r C
_
n
csc
2
n dr = col n C
_
n
soc nlann dr = soc n C

_
n
coshn dr = sinhn C
_
n
csc ncol n dr = csc n C

_
1n
sinhn dr = coshn C
_
1
_
1 r
2
dr = aicsinr C
_
n
_
1 n
2
dr = aicsinn C
_
n
_
a
2
n
2
dr = aicsin
n
a
C
_
1
1 r
2
dr = aiclanr C
_
n
1 n
2
dr = aiclann C
_
n
a
2
n
2
=
1
a
aiclan
n
a
C
_
n
lann dr = log [cos n[ C

_
n
col n dr = log [sinn[ C

_
n
soc n dr = log [soc n lann[ C

_
n
csc n dr = log [csc n col n[ C

1.1. IIIMIJI'A5 IMIIIAJA5 I Q!A5I-IMIIIAJA5 7
Daoas as piopiiooaoos opoiacionais oa ooiivaoa oslaLolocomos as soguinlos piopiiooaoos
opoiacionais oa piimiliva.
1.1.2 IrorIedades oeracIonaIs da rInItIva
Daoas funoos ioais ) o q oo vaiiavol ioal r o / uma conslanlo ioal, lomos
_
()(r) q(r)) dr =
_
)(r)dr
_
q(r)dr
_
/)(r)dr = /
_
)(r)dr
Consiooianoo oslas ouas piopiiooaoos pooomos alimai quo a piimiliva goza oa IIn-
earIdade, ou soja,
_
(a)(r) /q(r)) dr = a
_
)(r)dr /
_
q(r)dr
paia a, / . Com Laso nosla piopiiooaoo o possvol ofocluai rInItIvao or de-
conosIo.
ExenIo 1:
_
(2r 1)dr =
_
2rdr
_
1dr = 2
r
2
2
r c = r
2
r c
ExenIo 2:
_
lanr dr =
_
sinr
cos r
dr =
_
sinr
cos r
dr = ln[cos r[ c
ExenIo 3:
_
_
1
r

2
r
_
dr =
_
1
r
dr 2
_
r
dr = ln[r[ 2
r
1
4
c
ExenIo 4:
_
c
a
sin(8c
a
) dr =
1
S
_
8c
a
sin(8c
a
) dr =
1
S
cos (8c
a
) c
ExenIo 5:
_
r
2
_
r
2
8
_
dr =
_
(r
S
2
8
r
2
)dr =
_
r
S
dr
2
8
_
r
2
dr =
r
1
4

2r
S
0
c
OLservao: Voiilca-so quo no Lxomplo (o om goial), O o voioaooiia a soguinlo
igualoaoo
_
) (r) q (r) dr =
_
) (r) dr
_
q (r) dr
1.1.3 ExercIcIos Iroostos
1. Doloimino a oxpiossao goial oas piimilivas oas soguinlos funoos
(a) )(r) = 8r
1
q (r) =
_
r /(r) = 4r
2
r 1
(L) ) (r) =

_
r
q(r) =
_
r 2

_
r
r
/(r) = r
_
1 r
2
8 I:nxa
(c) )(r) = r
S
r
4
r
2

1
r
q(r) = r
2
(r 2)
S
/(r) =
2r 1
8
(o) )(r) =
(r
_
r)
2
r
q(r) = (
_
r 1) (r
_
r 1) /(r) =

_
r
a
(o) ) (r) =
_
1 r
r
_
2
q(r) = sin
S
rcos r /(r) =

_
r
2
2

_
r
(f) )(r) = c
2a
q(r) = c
r
8
/(r) = rc
a
(g) ) (r) = 10
a
q(r) =
c
a
_
r
/(r) = r
S
c
a
(h) ) (r) = c
sin2a
cos 2r q(r) =
c
a
1 4c
a
/(r) =
c
r
2
(i) ) (r) =
_
r r
S
c
a
r
2
r
S
q(r) =
7c
a
8
_
r
/(r) =
c
6a
_
1 c
6a
(j) ) (r) =
r
1 8r
2
q(r) =
r
2
1
r
S
8r
/(r) =
r
1 r
2
(k) ) (r) =
1
rlnr
q(r) =
1
rln
2
r
/(r) =
r
1 r
6
(l) )(r) =
sinr cos r
sinr cos r
q (r) = col 2r /(r) = lan8r
(m) )(r) = sin(8r) cos
1
(8r) q (r) =
4
(r 1) ln(r 1)
(n) )(r) =
1
rlnrln(lnr)
q (r) =
soc (lnr) lan(lnr)
r
(o) )(r) =
r
1 8r
1
q(r) =
7r
2
1 4r
6
/(r) =
7r
2
8r
6
(p) )(r) =
cos r
1 sin
2
r
q (r) =
c
a
c
2a
1 c
2a
/(r) =
c
2a
1 c
1a
(q) )(r) =
1
_
1 0r
2
q (r) =
r
S
_
1 r
S
/(r) =
1
_
r
_
1 r
(i) )(r) =
r
2
_
1 r
6
q (r) =
r
_
1 r
6
/(r) =
1
r
_
1 ln
2
r
(s) )(r) =
c
a
_
1 c
2a
q(r) =
r
_
1 r
1
/(r) =
r
S
_
1 r
1
(l) )(r) = cos r q(r) = sin
r
8
/(r) = r
2
cos r
S
(u) )(r) = soc
2
7r q(r) =
soc
2
r
lan
r
/(r) = sin
2
r
(v) )(r) = sin
S
r q(r) = cos
2
r /(r) = lan
r
2
soc
2
r
2
(w) )(r) = cos
r q(r) = lan
2
r /(r) = lan
S
r
2. Doloimino a oxpiossao goial oas piimilivas oas soguinlos funoos
(a) )(r) =
2r
1 r
1
q(r) =
sinr
cos
1
r
/(r) =
1 cos
2
r
1 cos 2r
(L) )(r) =
cos 8r
sin
8r
q(r) =
sinr cos r
sin
S
r
/(r) =
1
2 r
2
(c) )(r) = (c
a
1)
2
q(r) =
1
(2 8 lanr) cos
2
r
/(r) =
c
fnna
cos
2
r
(o) ) (r) = c
2a
_
7 c
2a
_
S
q(r) =
7
c
2a
c
2a
/(r) = col
2
r
(o) ) (r) =
r 7
1 r
2
q(r) =

_
r
2

_
r
_
r
/(r) = 2 sin
2
r
2
(f) ) (r) =
1
_
4 r
2
q(r) =
r
S
_
8 r
1
/(r) =
r
_
r
1
(g) ) (r) =
r
2
_
7 4r
6
q(r) =
c
2a
2 c
2a
/(r) =
2
1 r
2
aiclan
S
r
8. Doloimino a oxpiossao goial oas piimilivas oas soguinlos funoos:
(a) )(r) =
1
r
2
q(r) = r
2
r 2 /(r) =
7
8r

1
r
S
(L) )(r) =
cos 2r
cos
2
rsin
2
r
q(r) =
1 2r
2
r
2
(1 r
2
)
/(r) =
r 4
r
2
8r 7
(c) )(r) =
(r 2)
2
r
q(r) = rlanr
2
/(r) =
r 7
1 r
2
(o) )(r) =
r
1 r
2

_
1 r
2
q(r) =

_
r
2

_
r
_
r
/(r) =
(1 r)
2
r
_
r
(o) )(r) =
1
r
2
4r 7
q(r) =
r
r
2
4r 7
/(r) = cos
S
rsin2r
(f) )(r) =
1
_
4r r
2
q(r) =
r
_
4r r
2
/(r) =
1
cos 2r sin
2
r
10 I:nxa
(g) )(r) =
aiclan
2
r
1 r
2
q(r) =
1
_
1 lanrcos
2
r
/(r) = (r 1)
1
(h) )(r) = sin(2r 8) q(r) = c
a
sinc
a
/(r) =
1
(2r 8)
(i) )(r) =
sin2r
_
1 sin
2
r
q(r) =
sin2r
1 cos
1
r
/(r) =
sin2r
1 cos
2
r
(j) )(r) =
sin2r
cos
2
_
sin
2
r
_ q(r) =
1
r
2
2r 8
/(r) =
_
lnr
r
(k) )(r) = cos
1
rsin
S
r q(r) =
cos r
_
sin
2
r
/(r) = c
Sa1
(l) )(r) =
1
(1 r)
_
r
q(r) =
r
2
1 r
S
/(r) =
1
_
1 r
2
aicsin
S
r
(m) )(r) =
1
0 r
2
q(r) = (8 8r)

_
8 8r /(r) =
c
a
1 c
a
(n) )(r) =
1
1 0r
2
q(r) =
c
2a
1
c
a
/(r) =
1
_
4 r
2
(o) )(r) =
1 r
_
1 r
2
q(r) =
r(1 r
2
)
1 r
1
/(r) =
8r 1
r
2
0
(p) )(r) =
1
_
1 4r
2
q(r) =
1
cos r
/(r) =
r
2
r
6
4
(q) )(r) =
1 cos r
1 cos r
q(r) =
1
_
4 0r
2
/(r) =
1 sinr
1 sinr
(i) )(r) =
2r
2
6r 7
_
r
q(r) =
_
2r
_
r
2
/(r) =
1
a
2
/
2
r
2
(s) )(r) =
r 2
_
r
2
4r 1
q(r) =
1
_
a
2
/
2
r
2
/(r) =
1 sinr
cos r
(l) )(r) =
1
1 sinr
q(r) =

_
lnr sin(lnr)
r
/(r) = 8
a
c
a
(u) )(r) =
1
_
2 8r 4r
2
q(r) = sin
r /(r) = sin
1
rcos
1
r
(v) )(r) =
cos
S
r
sin
1
r
q(r) =
1
cos
1
r
/(r) = sin
S
rcos
1
r
(w) )(r) = sin
1
r q(r) = sin
6
r /(r) = cos
1
r
(a) )(r) =
1
r(8 lnr)
q(r) =
cos r
_
1 sin
2
r
/(r) = r
2

_
8 2r
S
(L) )(r) =
_
r r
S
c
a
r
2
r
S
q(r) =
(1
_
r)
S
_
r
/(r) =
1
r
_
4 ln
2
r
_
(c) )(r) =
4c
a
1 c
2a
q(r) =
(
_
a
_
r)
1
_
ar
/(r) =
_
r
2
1
_ _
r
2
2
_
_
r
2
(o) )(r) = lan
1
rsoc
2
r q(r) =
lan
_
8r 2
_
8r 2
/(r) =
lanr col r
sinr
(o) )(r) =
8
_
2r 8r
2
q(r) =
c
nicfnna
rln
_
r
2
1
_
1
1 r
2
(f) )(r) =
aicsinr r
_
1 r
2
q(r) =
2r ln
_
r
2
1
_
(1 r
2
) ln(r
2
1)
/(r) =
_
8 2r
(g) )(r) =
cos 2r
1 sinrcos r
q(r) =
1
2r
/(r) = c
a
soc
2
c
a
(h) )(r) =
1
col 8r
q(r) =
8
_
r
r
_
r
4
/(r) = rr
12 I:nxa
(i) )(r) = col(r 7) q(r) =
r
_
2r
2
8
/(r) =
_
r
2
_
r
_
2
(j) )(r) =
ln(r 1)
r 1
q(r) =
col r
sin
2
r
/(r) = lanrsoc
2
r
(k) )(r) = lan4r col
r
4
q(r) =
sinr c
a
cos r c
a
2
/(r) = cos
S
rsinr
(l) )(r) =
_
lanr 1
cos
2
r
q(r) =
1
r
cos (lnr) /(r) = r
_
r
2
1
(m) )(r) = c
a
1aS
(r2) q(r) =
1
_
r
2
0
/(r) =
_
r 0
(n) )(r) =
1
_
r
_
1
_
r
q(r) =
1
_
1 r r
2
/(r) = col
r
1.1.4 Iroostas de resoIuo de aIguns exercIcIos
1. Consiooio as soguinlos iosoluoos:
(a)
_ _
rdr =
_
r
dr =
r
S
2
C =
2
8
r
_
r C
(L)
_

_
r
dr =
_
r
dr =
r
1
S
1
C =
r
2
S
C =
1
2

_
r
2
C
(c)
_
(r
S
r
4
r
2

1
r
)dr =
_
r
S
dr
_
rdr
4
_
r
2
dr
_
r
dr =
r
1
4

r
2
2
4
r
1
1

r
1
4
C =
r
1
4

r
2
2

4
r

1
4r
1
C
(o)
_
(
_
r 1) (r
_
r 1) dr =
_
(r
_
r1)dr =
_
_
r
1
_
dr =
r
2
r C =
2
r
2
_
r r C
(o)
_
1 2r r
2
r
2
dr =
_
1
r
2
dr 2
_
1
r
dr
_
1dr =
_
r
2
dr 2
_
1
r
dr
_
1dr =
r
1
1
2 ln[r[ r C =
1
r
ln[r[
2
r C =
1
r
lnr
2
r C =
1
r
2 lnr r C =
(f)
_
c
2a
dr =
1
2
_
2c
2a
dr =
1
2
c
2a
C
(g)
_
10
a
dr =
10
a
ln10
C
(h)
_
c
a
1 4c
a
dr =
1
4
_
4c
a
1 4c
a
dr =
1
4
ln(1 4c
a
) C
(i)
_
_
r r
S
c
a
r
2
r
S
dr =
_
r
S
dr
_
c
a
dr
_
1
r
dr =
_
r
dr
_
c
a
dr
_
1
r
dr =
r
S
2
c
a
ln[r[ C =
2
8
_
r
S
c
a
ln[r[ C =
2
8r
_
r
c
a
ln[r[ C =
(j)
_
r
2
1
r
S
8r
dr =
1
8
_ 8
_
r
2
1
_
r
S
8r
dr =
1
8
_
8r
2
8
r
S
8r
dr =
1
8
ln
r
S
8r
C
(k)
_
r
1 r
6
dr =
1
6
_
6r
1 r
6
dr =
1
6
ln(1 r
6
) C
(l)
_
lan8r dr =
_
sin8r
cos 8r
dr =
1
8
_
8 sin8r
cos 8r
dr =
1
8
ln[cos 8r[ C
(m)
_
sin(8r) cos
1
(8r) =
1
8
_
8 sin(8r) [cos (8r)[
1
dr =
1
8
[cos (8r)[
C =
1
1
cos
(8r) C
(n)
_
1
rlnrln(lnr)
dr =
_
1
r
lnr
ln(lnr)
dr = ln[ln(lnr)[ C
14 I:nxa
(o)
_
7r
2
1 4r
6
dr = 7
_
r
2
1 (2r
S
)
2
dr =
7
6
_
6r
2
1 (2r
S
)
2
dr =
7
6
aiclan2r
S
C
(p)
_
cos r
1 sin
2
r
dr =
_
cos r
1 (sinr)
2
dr = aiclan(sinr) C
(q)
_
r
S
_
1 r
S
dr =
_
r
S
_
1 (r
1
) 2
dr =
1
4
_
4r
S
_
1 (r
1
)
2
dr =
1
4
aicsinr
1
C
(i)
_
1
r
_
1 ln
2
r
dr =
_
1
r
_
1 (lnr)
2
dr = aicsin(lnr) C
(s)
_
r
S
_
1 r
1
dr =
_
r
S
_
1 r
1
_
dr =
1
4
_
4r
S
_
1 r
1
_
dr =
1
4
_
1 r
1
_
1
2
C =
1
2
_
1 r
1
C
(l)
_
cos r dr =
1
_
cos r dr =
1
sinr C
(u)
_
soc
2
r
lan
r
dr =
_
soc
2
r(lanr)
dr =
(lanr)
1
4
C =
1
4 lan
1
r
C
(v)
_
lan
r
2
soc
2
r
2
dr = 2
_
lan
r
2
_
1
2
_
soc
2
r
2
dr = 2
_
lan
r
2
_
2
2
C = lan
2
r
2
C
(w)
_
lan
2
r dr =
_
sin
2
r
cos
2
r
dr =
_
1 cos
2
r
cos
2
r
dr =
_
_
1
cos
2
r
1
_
dr = lanrrC
2. Consiooio as soguinlos iosoluoos:
(a)
_
1 cos
2
r
1 cos 2r
dr =
_
1 cos
2
r
1 cos
2
r sin
2
r
dr =
_
1 cos
2
r
1 sin
2
r cos
2
r
dr =
_
1 cos
2
r
2 cos
2
r
dr =
_
1
2 cos
2
r

cos
2
r
2 cos
2
r
dr =
1
2
_
1
cos
2
r
dr
1
2
_
dr =
1
2
lanr
1
2
r C
(L)
_
sinr cos r
sin
S
r
dr =
_
_
sinr
sin
S
r

cos r
sin
S
r
_
dr =
_

1
sin
2
r
dr
_
cos r(sinr)
S
dr =
col r
(sinr)
2
2
C = col r
1
2 sin
2
r
C
(c)
_
1
(2 8 lanr) cos
2
r
dr =
_
1
cos
2
r
2 8 lanr
dr =
1
1
_
8

cos
2
r
2 8 lanr
dr =
1
1
ln[2 8 lanr[ C
(o)
_
7
c
2a
c
2a
dr = 7
_
1
c
2a
1
c
2a
c
2a
dr = 7
_
1
c
2a
1 (c
2a
)
2
dr =
7
2
_
2c
2a
1 (c
2a
)
2
dr =
7
2
aiclan
_
c
2a
_
C
(o)
_
r 7
1 r
2
dr =
_
r
1 r
2
dr
_
7
1 r
2
dr =
1
2
_
2r
1 r
2
dr 7
_
1
1 r
2
dr =
1
2
ln(1 r
2
) 7 aiclanr C
(f)
_
r
_
r
1
dr =
_
r
_
_
1
r
1
_
dr =
_
r
_
_
1
r
1
dr =
1
_
_
r
_
1
_
r
2
_
_
2
dr =
1
_
2
_
2
_
r
_
1
_
r
2
_
_
2
dr =
1
2
aicsin
r
2
_
C
(g)
_
c
2a
2 c
2a
dr =
1
2
_
2c
2a
2 c
2a
dr =
1
2
ln
2 c
2a
C
8. Consiooio as soguinlos pioposlas oo iosoluao
(a)
_
_
7
8r

1
r
S
_
dr =
_
7
8r
dr
_
1
r
S
dr = 7
1
8
_
8
8r
dr
_
r
S
dr
=
7
8
ln[8r [
r
2
2
C =
7
8
ln[8r [
1
2r
2
C
(L)
_
1 2r
2
r
2
(1 r
2
)
dr =
_
1 r
2
r
2
r
2
(1 r
2
)
dr =
_
1 r
2
r
2
(1 r
2
)
dr
_
r
2
r
2
(1 r
2
)
dr
16 I:nxa
=
_
1
r
2
dr
_
1
1 r
2
dr =
r
1
1
aiclanr C =
1
r
aiclanr C
(c)
_
rlanr
2
dr =
1
2
_
2rsinr
2
cos r
2
dr =
1
2
ln
cos r
2
C
(o)
_
r
_
1 r
2
_
_
1 r
2
1
_dr =
_
r
_
1 r
2
_
1 r
2
1
dr = ln
_
1 r
2
1
C =
ln
_
_
1 r
2
1
_
C
(o)
_
cos
S
r(2 sinrcos r) dr = 2
_
cos
1
r(sinr) dr = 2
cos
C
(f)
_
1
cos 2r sin
2
r
dr =
_
1
cos
2
r sin
2
r sin
2
r
dr =
_
1
cos
2
r
dr = lanr C
(g)
_
(r 1)
1
dr =
(r 1)
16
16
C
(h)
_
c
a
sinc
a
dr = cos c
a
C
(i)
_
sin2r
_
1 sin
2
r
_
dr =
_
2 sinrcos r
_
1 sin
2
r
_
dr =
_
1 sin
2
r
_
1
2
C = 2
_
1 sin
2
r C
(j)
_
sin2r
cos
2
_
sin
2
r
_dr =
_
2 sinrcos r
cos
2
_
sin
2
r
_dr = lan
_
sin
2
r
_
C
(k)
_
cos
1
rsin
2
rsinr dr =
_
cos
1
r
_
1 cos
2
r
_
sinr dr =
_
cos
1
rsinr dr
_
cos
6
rsinr dr =
_
cos
1
r(sinr) dr
_
cos
6
r(sinr) dr =
cos

cos
7
r
7
C
(l)
_
1
(1 r)
_
r
dr =
_
1
_
r
1 r
dr =
_
1
_
r
1 (
_
r)
2
dr = 2
_
1
2
_
r
1 (
_
r)
2
dr = 2 aiclan
_
r
C
(m)
_
(8 8r)

_
8 8rdr =
_

_
(8 8r)
6
dr =
_
(8 8r)
dr =
1
8
_
8 (8 8r)
dr =
1
8
(8 8r)
1
6
1
C =
1
8

11

_
(8 8r)
11
C =

88
(8 8r)
2
_
8 8r C
(n)
_
c
2a
1
c
a
dr =
_
c
2a
c
a
dr
_
1
c
a
dr =
_
c
a
dr
_
c
a
dr =
_
c
a
dr
_
c
a
dr =
c
a
c
a
C
(o)
_
r(1 r
2
)
1 r
1
dr =
_
r
1 r
1
dr
_
r
S
1 r
1
dr =
1
2
_
2r
1 (r
2
)
2
dr
1
1
_
4r
S
1 r
1
dr =
1
2
aiclanr
2
1
1
ln
1 r
1
C =
1
2
aiclanr
2
1
1
ln
_
1 r
1
_
C
(p)
_
(1 sinr) cos r
(1 sinr) cos
2
r
dr =
_
1 sinr
cos
2
r
1 sinr
cos r
dr =
_
sinr
cos
2
r

1
cos
2
r
1
cos r

sinr
cos r
dr
=
_
soc rlanr soc
2
r
soc r lanr
dr = ln[soc r lanr[ C
(q)
_
1 cos r
1 cos r
dr =
_
2 1 cos r
1 cos r
dr = 2
_
1
1 cos r
dr
_
1 cos r
1 cos r
dr
= 2
_
1
2
1 cos r
2
dr
_
1dr = 2
_
1
2
cos
2
r
2
dr
_
1dr = 2 lan
r
2
r C
(i)
_
1
a
2
/
2
r
2
dr =
_
1
a
2
1
/
2
r
2
a
2
dr =
_
1
a
2
1
_
/r
a
_
2
dr =
1
/
1
a
_
/
a
1
_
/r
a
_
2
dr =
1
a/
aiclan
/r
a
C
18 I:nxa
(s)
_
1
_
a
2
/
2
r
2
dr =
_
1
a
_
1
/
2
r
2
a
2
dr =
_
1
a
_
1
_
/r
a
_
2
dr =
1
/
_
/
a
_
1
_
/r
a
_
2
dr =
1
/
aicsin
/r
a
C
(l)
_
1
1 sinr
dr =
_
sinr 1 sinr
1 sinr
dr =
_
sinr
1 sinr
dr
_
1dr =
_
sinr(1 sinr)
(1 sinr) (1 sinr)
dr
_
1dr =
_
sinr sin
2
r
1 sin
2
r
dr
_
1dr =
_
sinr sin
2
r
cos
2
r
dr
_
1dr =
_
sinr
cos
2
r
dr
_
sin
2
r
cos
2
r
dr
_
1dr =
_
(sinr) (cos r)
2
dr
_
1 cos
2
r
cos
2
r
dr
_
1dr =
_
(sinr) (cos r)
2
dr
_
1
cos
2
r
dr
_
1dr
_
1dr =
cos
1
r
1
lanr C =
1
cos r
lanr C
(u)
_
1
_
2 8r 4r
2
dr =
_
1
_
(4r
2
8r 2)
dr =
_
1
_
_
2r
8
4
_
2
41
16
_
dr =
_
1
_
41
16

_
2r
8
4
_
2
dr =
_
1
_
41
16
_
1
_
2r
8
4
_
2
41
16
dr =
_
1
_
41
16
_
1
_
_
_
_
2r
8
4
_
41
16
_
_
_
_
2
dr =
1
2
_
2
_
41
16
_
1
_
_
_
_
2r
8
4
_
41
16
_
_
_
_
2
dr =
1
2
aicsin
2r
8
4
_
41
16
C =
1
2
aicsin
8r 8
_
41
C
1.2. MIJOIO II IIIMIJI'AAO IOI IAIJI5 10
1. (a)
_
1
cos
1
r
dr =
_
sin
2
r cos
2
r
cos
1
r
dr =
_
sin
2
r
cos
1
r
dr
_
cos
2
r
cos
1
r
dr =
_
sin
2
r
cos
2
r
1
cos
2
r
dr
_
1
cos
2
r
dr =
_
1
cos
2
r
lan
2
rdr
_
1
cos
2
r
dr =
lan
S
r
8
lanr C
w.
_
cos
1
rdr =
_
cos
2
rcos
2
rdr =
_
1 cos 2r
2
1 cos 2r
2
dr =
1
4
_
(1 cos 2r)
2
dr =
1
4
_
(12 cos 2rcos
2
2r)dr =
1
4
_
r sin2r
_
1 cos 4r
2
dr
_
=
1
4
_
r sin2r
1
2
_
r
1
4
sin4r
__
=
r
4

sin2r
4

r
8

1
82
sin4r C =
8r
8

sin2r
4

sin4r
82
C
1.2 Atodo de rInItIvao or artes
Daoas funoos ioais oo vaiiavol ioal n o , o valioa a iogia opoiacional oo piooulo
(n)
= n
.
Aplicanoo piimilivaao oLlomos
_
(n)
dr =
_
n dr
_
n
dr
ou soja,
n =
_
n dr
_
n
dr.
1omos onlao
_
n dr = n
_
n
dr.
Lsla igualoaoo inoica como piocoooi paia piimilivai um piooulo oo ouas funoos (quo
nao possa soi vislo como piimiliva imooiala): oscolho-so uma oas funoos paia piimilivai
(n
) o a oulia paia ooiivai (). Assim, com Laso nosla igualoaoo, pooomos pialicai o
ntodo de rInItIvao or artes. Lslo molooo o ofoclivamonlo lil nos casos om
quo o piooulo n
o oo mais facil piimilivaao oo quo n. Quanoo piolonoomos aplicai

o molooo oo piimilivaao poi pailos no calculo oo uma piimiliva
_
ndr ha quo oscolhoi
n
como algo quo so saLo piimilivai (paia oLloi facilmonlo n). Confoimo ja foi iofoiioo,
20 I:nxa
osla oscolha oovo ainoa loi om conla o oLjoclivo oo onconliai om
_
n
dr uma piimiliva
imooiala.
ExenIo 1: 1 n h]. n|&|n: n :.n..n
_
rlnr dr. JnnnJ n
= r
= lnr hn j& n|&|n:
n =
_
n
dr =
_
r dr =
r
2
2
= (lnr)
=
1
r
.
1|n J:n&|n J :.n..nn : n: hn
_
rlnr dr =
r
2
2
lnr
_
r
2
2
1
r
dr =
r
2
2
lnr
1
2
_
rdr
=
r
2
2
lnr
1
2
r
2
2
C =
r
2
2
lnr
r
2
4
C
ExenIo 2: 1:nJn n|&|n: n :.n..n
_
r
2
c
a
dr. JnnnJ n
= c
a
= r
2
hn j& n|&|n:
n =
_
n
dr =
_
c
a
dr = c
a
=
_
r
2
_
= 2r.
1|n J:n&|n J :.n..nn : n: hn
_
r
2
c
a
dr = c
a
r
2
_
c
a
(2r) dr = c
a
r
2
2
_
c
a
r dr.
n&J,
_
c
a
r dr ;n.nJn) nn &nn :.n..n .nJ.nn. nj&.n, n nnn,
hn.rn: j:n& J |.nn. j& Jn. :J& n n rnn.n|. 1:Jnn J n n
n|.nn J nJ J :.n..nn : n: nnnJ J n n
= c
a
nj:n = r.
Jn n = c
a

= 1 |j
_
r
2
c
a
dr = c
a
r
2
_
c
a
(2r) dr = c
a
r
2
2
_
c
a
r dr
= c
a
r
2
2
_
c
a
r
_
c
a
.1 dr
_
= c
a
r
2
2c
a
r 2c
a
C
= c
a
_
r
2
2r 2
_
C
A soguinlo laLola foinoco algumas pislas paia a oscolha iofoiioa acima:
1rodnto n

) (r) . oxpr oxpr ) (r)
) (r) . sinr
) (r) . cos r
) (r) . lanr
) (r) . col r
sinr
cos r
lanr
col r
) (r)
) (r)
) (r)
) (r)
) (r) . aicsinr
) (r) . aiccos r
) (r) . aiclanr
) (r) . aiccol r
) (r)
) (r)
) (r)
) (r)
aicsinr
aiccos r
aiclanr
aiccol r
) (r) . lnr ) (r) lnr
OLservao: An j& nn n nh.Jn :j:n J :.n..nn n:n n J&n
.n:n ln, aicsin, aiccos, aiclan aiccol : . n J&n n nnJn n
;h: j&n| nnn nn:. J:.n:) nn :j:n J :.n..nn : n:. &:n
J&nn n n.J:n: :n n
= 1. Jn n:n n :.n J&n J.:n oxp, sin, cos, lan

col n nh.Jn n|j&nn :j:n |nnn: J :.n..nn.
1.2.1 ExercIcIos roostos
(a) ) (r) = rsin2r q(r) = rc
a
/(r) = r
a
lnr
(L) ) (r) = r
2
sinr q(r) = lnr /(r) = (r
2
6r 2) oxp
r
8
(c) ) (r) = aiclan
r
2
q(r) = r
S
c
2a
/(r) = r
S
c
a
(o) ) (r) = aicsin2r q(r) = c

a
sin2r /(r) = sin
r
2
cos 8r
(o) ) (r) =
r
cos
2
r
q(r) = (r 8) oxp
r
2
/(r = (2r
2
1)c
Sa
(f) ) (r) = rc
2a
q(r) = aicsin
r
8
/(r =
r 2
8
cos r
(g) ) (r) = ln
2
r q(r) = aiclan8r /(r = c
2a
sin8r
(h) ) (r) = (2r 1) sin2r q(r) = r
7
c
a
/(r) =
r
2
2r
c
a
22 I:nxa
(i) ) (r) = rsinrcos r q(r) = sin(lnr) /(r) =
lnr
r
S
(j) ) (r) =
r
sin
2
r
q(r) = sin2rcos 8r /(r) =
lnr
_
r
(k) ) (r) = ln
_
r
_
1 r
2
_
q(r) = aicsin
2
r /(r) =
ln
2
r
r
2
(l) ) (r) = aiclan
_
r q(r) = rcos
2
r /(r) =
raiclanr
_
1 r
2
(m) ) (r) = ln
_
r
2
1
_
q(r) =
ln
S
r
r
2
/(r) = c
a
sinr
(n) ) (r) = c
Sa
(sin2r cos 2r) q(r) = cos (lnr) /(r) =
ln(lnr)
r
(o) ) (r) =
cos r
c
a
q(r) = 8
a
cos r /(r) = ln(8r)
(p) ) (r) = rlan
2
r q(r) = r
2
c
a
sinr /(r) =
aicsinr
r
2
(q) ) (r) = r
_
r 1 q(r) = rln(r 8) /(r) = raiclan
2
r
(i) ) (r) =
rcos r
sin
2
r
q(r) = r
2
cos r /(r) = cos
2
(lnr)
1.2.2 AIgunas soIues
Algumas soluoos oos oxoiccios pioposlos:
1.
_
rsin2r dr =
1
4
sin2r
1
2
rcos 2r c
2.
_
rc
a
dr = c
a
(r 1) c
8.
_
r
a
lnr dr =
r
a1
: 1
_
lnr
1
: 1
_
c
4.
_
aiclan
_
r dr = raiclan
_
r
_
r aiclan
_
r c
.
_
rcos
2
r dr =
r
2
4

1
4
rsin2r
1
8
cos 2r c
6.
_
lnr
r
S
dr =
1
2r
2
ln(r
_
c) c
7.
_
raiclanr
_
1 r
2
dr =
_
1 r
2
aiclanr ln
_
r
_
1 r
2
_
c
8.
_
ln
_
r
2
1
_
dr = rln
_
r
2
1
_
2r 2 aiclanr c
0.
_
ln
2
r dr = r
_
ln
2
r 2 lnr 2
_
c
10.
_
ln
S
r
r
2
dr =
1
r
_
ln
S
r 8 ln
2
r 6 lnr 6
_
c
11.
_
(aicsinr)
2
dr = r(aicsinr)
2
2 aicsinr
_
1 r
2
2r c
12.
_
c
a
sinr dr =
c
a
(sinr cos r)
2
c
18.
_
c
Sa
(sin2r cos 2r) dr =
c
Sa
18
(sin2r cos 2r) c
14.
_
sin(lnr) dr =
r
2
(sin(lnr) cos (lnr)) c
1.
_
cos (lnr) dr =
r
2
(cos (lnr) sin(lnr)) c
16.
_
c
a
r dr = c
a
(r 1) c
17.
_
r
S
c
2a
dr =
1
2
c
2a
_
r
S
S
2
r
2
S
2
r
1
1
_
c
18.
_
cos r
c
a
dr =
sinr cos r
2c
a
c
10.
_
8
a
cos r dr =
8
a
1 ln
2
8
(sinr ln8 cos r) c
20.
_
ln(8r) dr = r(ln8r 1) c
21.
_
rlan
2
r dr =
r
2
2
lan
2
r
2r
2
cos
2
r
rlanr ln[cos r[ c
22.
_
r
2
c
a
sinr dr =
r
2
c
a
2
(sinr cos r) rc
a
cos r
c
a
2
(cos r sinr) c
28.
_
aicsinr
r
2
dr = log
1
_
1 r
2
r
1
r
aicsinr c
24.
_
ln
_
r
_
1 r
2
_
dr = rln
r
_
1 r
2

_
1 r
2
c
2.
_
r
_
r 1 dr =
2
8
r
_
(r 1)
S
4
1
_
(r 1)
c
24 I:nxa
26.
_
rln(r 8) dr =
r
2
2
ln(r 8)
r
2
4

8r
2

0
2
ln(r 8) c
27.
_
r(aiclanr)
2
dr =
_
r
2
2

1
2
_
aiclan
2
r raiclanr
1
2
ln
_
1 r
2
_
c
28.
_
rcos r
sin
2
r
dr =
r
sinr
ln[csc r col r[ c
20.
_
r
S
c
a
dr =
1
2
c
a
_
r
2
1
_
c
80.
_
r
2
cos r dr = r
2
sinr 2rcos r 2 sinr c
81.
_
rsinrcos r dr =
1
8
_
4rsin
2
r 2r sin2r
_
c
82.
_
lnr
_
r
dr = 2
_
r(lnr 2) c
88.
_
cos
2
(lnr) dr = r
_
cos
2
(lnr) cos (lnr) sin(lnr)
_
c
84.
_ _
r
2
2r
_
c
a
dr =
r
2
c
a
c
8.
_
r
sin
2
r
dr = rcol r ln[sinr[ c
86.
_
ln(lnr)
r
dr = ln[ln(lnr) 1[ c
1.3 IrInItIvao de Iunes racIonaIs
Iolalivamonlo a piimilivaao oo funoos iacionais (pioposla no lchoiio "Iiimilivaao-
pailo2") quoiia consiooiai o soguinlo: oaoa uma Iuno racIonaI
1(r) =
(r)
1(r)
(islo o, a funao 1 (r) o o quocionlo oo funoos polinomiais (r) o 1(r) na vaiiavol
r), 1(r) oiz-so rrIa so (r) lom giau infoiioi a 1(r) o oiz-so InrrIa no caso
conliaiio; iolalivamonlo a sua piimilivaao lomos: {I) so 1(r) o impiopiia piocooa-so
a oivisao oos oois polinomios oLlonoo-so um quocionlo Q(r) (chamaoa pailo inloiia oo
1(r)) o um ioslo 1(r)
1(r) =
(r)
1(r)
= Q(r)
1(r)
1(r)
1.J. IIIMIJI'AAO II I!NOI5 IACIONAI5 2
onoo 1(r) lom giau infoiioi a 1(r); {II) so 1 (r) o piopiia onlao ooloiminom-so as iaizos
oo polinomio 1(r) o piocooa-so a oocomposiao oo 1(r) om facloios oo giau 1 (facloios
linoaios) so as iaizos foiom ioais o om facloios oo giau 2 (facloios quo sao somas oo quaoia-
oos) so as iaizos foiom comploxas (paios oo iaizos conjugaoas). s iaizos onconliaoas paia
1(r) pooomos fazoi coiiosponooi fiacoos simplos (lamLom simplos oo piimilivai!...).A
caoa iaz ioal c oo mulliplicioaoo / fazomos coiiosponooi / fiacoos simplos, a saLoi,
1
(r c)
I
,

2
(r c)
I1
, ...,

I1
(r c)
2
,

I
r c
o a caoa pai oo iaizos comploxas a/i oo mulliplicioaoo / lamLom fazomos coiiosponooi
/ fiacoos simplos, a saLoi,
1
1
r C
1
_
(r a)
2
/
2
_
I
,
1
2
r C
2
_
(r a)
2
/
2
_
I1
, ...,
1
I1
r C
I1
_
(r a)
2
/
2
_
2
,
1
I
r C
I
(r a)
2
/
2
.
As conslanlos piosonlos nos numoiaooios oas fiacoos simplos assim oLlioas sao calculaoas
polo Molooo oos Coolcionlos Inooloiminaoos ou poi oulios molooos conhocioos (poi ox-
omplo, o molooo oo 1ayloi). Iaia piimilivaao oo funoos iacionais consiooio ainoa a
pioposla oo oxoiccios quo so soguo.
1. Doloimino a oxpiossao goial oas piimilivas oas soguinlos funoos :n.nn.:
(a) )(r) =
2r 1
(r 1) (r 2)
q(r) =
r
r
2
r 6
/(r) =
r
S
1
r
S
r
2
2r
(L) )(r) =
r 1
2r
2
r 2
q(r) =
r
r
1
8
r
S
4r
/(r) =
1
(r
2
1)
2
(c) )(r) =
r
(r 1) (r 8) (r )
/(r) =
r
1
6r
S
12r
2
6
r
S
6r
2
12r 8
(o) )(r) =
4
r
1
1
q(r) =
r
r
S
1
/(r) =
r
2
r 0
r
2
r 6
(o) )(r) =
r
(r 1)
2
(r 1)
S
q(r) =
1
r
S
r
6
/(r) =
r
S
1
r(r 1)
S
(f) )(r) =
r
S
1
4r
S
r
q(r) =
1
r
S
4r
2
r 2
/(r) =
1
r(r
2
1)
26 I:nxa
(g) )(r) =
1
(r
2
1)
2
q(r) =
4r
2
8
(r 1)
2
(r
2
1)
2
(h) )(r) =
r
(r
2
1)
2
(r 1)
q(r) =
r
S
r
2
2r
(r
2
r 8)
2
2. Doloimino a oxpiossao goial oas piimilivas oas soguinlos funoos iacionais:
(a) )(r) =
1
r
2
6r 0
q(r) =
1
r
2
6r 10
(L) )(r) =
1
r
2
6r 8
q(r) =
r 1
r
2
6r 8
(c) )(r) =
r 1
r
2
6r 0
q(r) =
r 1
r
2
6r 10
(o) )(r) =
2r 1
r
2
6r 10
q(r) =
2r 1
r
S
6r
2
10r
(o) )(r) =
2r
S
2
r
S
6r
2
8r
q(r) =
2r 8
0 r
2
8r
/(r) =
1
r
2
8r 1
(f) )(r) =
1
r(r 1)
q(r) =
1
r
2
2r
/(r) =
1
4r
2
0
(g) )(r) =
1
(r 1) (r 2)(r 8)
q(r) =
r
2
r 14
(r 4)
S
(r 2)
(h) )(r) =
r
2
6r 0
(r 8)
2
(r 1)
q(r) =
1
r
S
1
/(r) =
r
r
1
1
(i) )(r) =
r
1
r
2

r
S
r
2
r
q(r) =
r
(r 1)
2
(r 1)(r
2
1)
(j) )(r) =
8r 2
r
2
4r
q(r) =
1
8r
2
r 1
/(r) =
(r 1)
2
r
2
8r 4
(k) )(r) =
r 1
r
2
2r
q(r) =
r
S
2
r
S
r
2
4r
/(r) =
1
r(r 1)
2
1.J. IIIMIJI'AAO II I!NOI5 IACIONAI5 27
(l) )(r) =
r 1
(r 1)
S
q(r) =
r
1
1
(r 2)
2
r
S
/(r) =
r 1
r
1
r
2
4
(m) )(r) =
r
S
2
(r
2
r 1) (r 1)
2
q(r) =
1
(r
2
4r 8) (r
2
4r )
1.3.2 AIgunas soIues
1. 1
2r 1
(r 1) (r 2)
= ln
(r 2)
S
r 1
c
2. 1
r
r
2
r 6
= log
(r 8)
S
(r 2)
2
c
8. 1
1
r
2
2r
=
1
2
aiclan
r 1
2
c
4. 1
1
8r
2
r 1
=
2
_
11
aiclan
6r 1
_
11
c
. 1
8r 2
r
2
4r
=
8
2
log
r
2
4r
4 aiclan(r 2) c
6. 1
r
S
1
r
S
r
2
2r
= r
1
2
log [r[
2
8
log [r 1[
7
6
log [r 2[ c
7. 1
r 1
2r
2
r 2
= log [r 2[
1
2
log
r
1
2
c
8. 1
1
r
S
1
=
1
6
log
(r 1)
2
r
2
r 1
1
_
8
aiclan
2r 1
_
8
c
0. 1
r
r
1
1
=
1
4
log
r
2
1
r
2
1
c
10. 1
r
1
r
2

r
S
r
2
r
=
r
2
2
r log [r[ 2 log
r
2
r 1
4
_
8
aiclan
2r 1
_
8
c
11. 1
r
(r 1) (r 1)
2
(r
2
1)
=
1
8
log
r
2
1
r
2
1
1
4 (r 1)

1
4
aiclanr c
12. 1
r
(r 1)
2
(r 1)
S
=
1
8 (r 1)

1
4 (r 1)
2

1
16
log
r 1
(r 1)
2
c
28 I:nxa
18. 1
1
(r
2
1)
2
=
1
4 (r 1)

1
4 (r 1)

1
4
log
r 1
r 1
c
14. 1
1
(r
2
1)
2
=
r
2 (r
2
1)

1
2
aiclanr c
1. 1
1
r(r 1)
2
=
1
(r 1)
log
r
r 1
c
16. 1
r
(r 1) (r 8) (r )
=
1
8
log
(r 8)
6
(r )
(r 1)
c
17. 1
r
r
1
8
r
S
4r
=
r
S
2

r
2
2
4r log
r
2
(r 2)
(r 2)
S
c
18. 1
1
r(r
2
1)
= log
r
_
r
2
1
c
10. 1
4
r
1
1
=
1
_
2
log
r
2
r
_
2 1
r
2
r
_
2 1
_
2 aiclan
r
_
2
1 r
2
c
20. 1
4r
2
8
(r 1)
2
(r
2
1)
2
=
8r
2
1
(r 1) (r
2
1)
log
(r 1)
2
r
2
1
aiclanr c
21. 1
r
r
S
1
=
1
8
_
r
S
log
r
S
1
_
c
22. 1
r
2
r 0
r
2
r 6
= r 4 log
r 8
r 2
c
28. 1
r
1
6r
S
12r
2
6
r
S
6r
2
12r 8
=
r
2
2

7
(r 2)
2
c
24. 1
1
r
S
r
6
=
1
r

1
8r
S

1
r
aiclanr c
2. 1
r
S
1
r(r 1)
S
= log
(r 1)
1
r
1
r 1

1
(r 1)
2
c
26. 1
1
(r 1) (r 2) (r 8)
=
1
2
log
(r 1) (r 8)
(r 2)
2
c
1.!. MIJOIO II IIIMIJI'AAO IOI 5!!5JIJ!IAO 20
27. 1
r
S
2
r
S
r
2
4r
= r
1
2
log [r[
7
8
log [r 1[
16
6
log [r 4[ c
28. 1
r
S
1
4r
S
r
=
r
4

0
16
log
r
1
2
7
16
log
r
1
2
log [r[ c
20. 1
1
r
S
4r
2
r 2
= log
r 1
r 2
1
r 1
c
80. 1
r
2
r 14
(r 2) (r 4)
S
=
18
2 (r 4)
2

8
r 4
2 log
r 4
r 2
c
81. 1
r
2
6r 0
(r 1)
2
(r 8)
2
=
0
2 (r 8)

1
2 (r 1)
c
82. 1
r 1
(r 1)
S
=
1
(r 1)
2

1
r 1
c
1.4 Atodo de rInItIvao or suLstItuIo
Iaia ooloiminai a oxpiossao goial oo uma piimiliva
_
) (r) dr pooo soi convonionlo suL-
sliluii a vaiiavol r poi uma nova vaiiavol t (n&Jnnn J n:.n| ) oo soguinlo mooo: paia
r = q(t) onoo q o uma funao injocliva, lomos a laxa oo vaiiaao
dr
dt
=
dq
dt
= q
(t)
oonoo dr = q
(t)dt, logo
_
) (r) dr =
_
) [q (t)[ q
(t) dt.
Apos iosolvoi a piimiliva oo laoo oiioilo (iosullanlo oa suLsliluiao) piocooomos a "io-
cupoiaao" oa vaiiavol oiiginal r alonoonoo a quo t = q
1
(r) (nolomos quo q foi lomaoa
como injocliva). 1omos onlao
_
) (r) dr =
_
) [q (t)[ q
(t) dt = c(t) = c(q

1
(r)) = 1(r).
Ioi oulio laoo, oaoa 1(r) =
_
) (r) dr lomos 1 uma funao oa vaiiavol r o, poi sua voz,
r = q(t) uma funao oa vaiiavol t. Como lal 1 pooo soi consiooiaoa funao oa vaiiavol t
80 I:nxa
oLlioa poi composiao oo funoos. Alonoonoo a iogia oo ooiivaao oa funao composla
(oila :j:n Jn nJ.n) lomos
d1(r)
dt
=
d1(q(t))
dt
=
d1(r)
dr
.
dr
dt
=
d1
dr
.
dq
dt
o, oaoa a foima como foi oolnioa a funao 1, soguo quo
d1(r)
dt
= )(r).
dq
dt
= )(r).q
(t) = )(q(t)).q
(t).
Islo implica quo
1(r) =
_
)(q(t)).q
(t) dt
ou soja,
_
) (r) dr =
_
)(q(t)).q
(t) dt
confoimo alimaoo anloiioimonlo.
Consiooiomos o soguinlo quaoio quo inoica as suLsliluioos apiopiiaoas quanoo oslao
piosonlos coilos iaoicais. Lslas suLsliluioos oizom-so &h.&. :.jnn:.n.
Funao com r = q (t) q
(t) t = q
1
(r)
_
a
2
r
2
r = a sint r
= a cos t t = aicsin
r
a
_
a
2
r
2
r = a lant r
= a soc
2
t t = aiclan
r
a
_
r
2
a
2
r = a soc t r
= a soc t lant t = aicsoc

r
a
c
Ia
lnt
1
t
c
a
ln
I
r c
t
c
t
lnr
ExenIo 1: :.n..n
_
c
a
dr .nJ.nn:
_
c
a
dr =
1
_
c
a
dr =
1
c
a
C.
A nnn, J&n:n n n&Jnnn J n:.n| JnJn |n :|nn r = t, n
r =
t
= q(t) |j q/(t) =
1
. 1|n J:n&|n h.Jn n:n nJ J :.n..nn :

&h.&.n n nn
_
c
a
dr =
_
c
t
1
dt =
1
_
c
t
dt =
1
c
t
C
, |nnJ n n:.n| :.j.nn| r, n
_
c
a
dr =
1
c
a
C.
An j& J. n.n| n.J:n: n J:.nJn q
(t) =
1
. n n:n:., h:.nn
_
c
t
dt = c
t
C = c
a
C
j& &n :&|nJ ::nJ ]n j&
_
c
a
C
_
= c
a
J.J:n Jn J&nn c
a
j& :.n.-
.&.
ExenIo 2: 1:nJn J:n.nn:
_
(
_
r 8)
1
dr. n.J:n n n&Jnnn J
n:.n| h.Jn |n :|nn
_
r = t. Jn r = t
2
= q(t) |j q
(t) = 2t. 1|n J:n&|n

h.Jn n:n nJ J :.n..nn : &h.&.n n nn
_
__
r 8
_
1
dr =
_
_
_
t
2
8
_
1
2t dt =
_
(t 8)
1
2t dt
= 2
_
_
t
2
6t 0
_ _
t
2
6t 0
_
t dt
= 2
_
(t
12t
1
4t
S
108t
2
81t)dt
= 2
_
t
6
6
12
t
4
t
1
4
108
t
S
8
81
t
2
2
_
C
=
t
6
8

24t
27t
1
72t
S
81t
2
C
& ]n, |nnJ n n:.n| :.j.nn| r,
_
__
r 8
_
1
dr =
r
S
8

24r
2
_
r
27r
2
72r
_
r 81r C.
An j&, n:n : h: n r:n Jn :.n..n n :::: n &h.&.n,
nnhn n
_
__
r 8
_
1
dr =
_
__
r 8
_
2
__
r 8
_
2
dr =
_
_
r 6
_
r 0
_ _
r 6
_
r 0
_
dr
=
_
_
r
2
12r
_
r 4r 108
_
r 81
_
dr
=
_
_
r
2
12r
4r 108r
81
_
dr
=
r
S
8
12
r
2
4
r
2
2
108
r
S
2
81r C
=
r
S
8

24r
2
_
r
27r
2
72r
_
r 81r C.
82 I:nxa
1 rn| nj&. n:nnJ nnhn n h]. J .Jn.n: n .n:nn.n J
n.J:n: n J:.nJn q
(t). 1 Jn, nn J: n.J:nJn n J:.nJn

_
_
_
t
2
8
_
1
dt =
_
(t 8)
1
dt
=
_
_
t
2
6t 0
_ _
t
2
6t 0
_
dt
=
_
(t
1
12t
S
4t
2
108t 81)dt
=
t
12
t
1
4
4
t
S
8
108
t
2
2
81t C
=
r
2
_
r
8r
2
18r
_
r 4r 81
_
r C
hn &n :&|nJ ::nJ. n]:n, Jn.nJ n|&| Jn J:.nJn, j&
_
r
2
_
r
8r
2
18r
_
r 4r 81
_
r C
_
,=
__
r 8
_
1
.
(a) )(r) =
_
r
_
r
S
1
q(r) =
1
r
_
2r 8
/(r) =

_
r 1
_
r
7

_
r
(L) )(r) =
1
1
_
r 1
[Aula[ q(r) =
_
r
r 1
/(r) =
1
1 c
a
[Aula[
(c) )(r) =
_
r
_
r

_
r
[Aula[ q(r) = c
a
[Aula[ /(r) =
lnr
r
_
1 lnr
[Aula[
(o) )(r) =
1
_
c
a
1
q(r) =
_
r
2
a
2
r
/(r) =
_
r 1
r 1
[Aula[
(o) )(r) =
c
2a
_
c
a
1
q(r) = sin

_
r /(r) =

_
1
_
2

_
8 r
(f) )(r) =
_
c
a
1 q(r) =
r
_
r 1
/(r) =
_
r
_
r

_
r
(g) )(r) = r
2
_
4 r
2
q(r) =
1
r
_
r
2
1
/(r) =
1
(1 r)
_
r
(h) )(r) =
1 r
1
_
r
q(r) =
r
1

_
r
/(r) =
r
2
8
_
(2r )
S
(i) )(r) =
_
r
1

_
r
q(r) = r
S
_
2 8r
2
_
/(r) =
1
r
2
_
r 1
r 1
(j) )(r) =
_
8r 1
1

_
8r 1
q(r) =
r
_
r 1
/(r) =
1
_
r
2
2r 8
2. Ulilizo suLsliluioos liigonomoliicas paia ooloiminai a oxpiossao goial oas piimili-
vasa oas soguinlos funoos:
(a) )(r) =
1
r
_
r
2
1
[Aula[ q(r) =
_
r
2
1
r
/(r) =
1
r
2
_
r
2
4
[Aula[
(L) )(r) =
r
2
_
0 16r
2
[Aula[ q(r) =
_
r
2
2r 8 /(r) =
_
r
2
1
r
1
[Aula[
(c) )(r) =
1
_
4 (r )
2
q(r) =
1
_
(r 2)
2
8
/(r) =
_
r
2
4
r
1
(o) )(r) = (8r 1)
_
1 r r
2
q(r) =
_
1 r
2
r
2
/(r) =
_
1 r
2
r
2
(o) )(r) =
_
0r
2
4 q(r) =
1
_
r
2
8r
/(r) =
_
1 r r
2
[Aula[
(f) )(r) =
r
2
_
1 r
2
q(r) = r
2
_
2r 1 r
2
/(r) =
_
a
2
r
2
(g) )(r) =
1
r
_
r
2
0
q(r) =
1
_
2 (r 8)
2
/(r) =
2r
_
r
2
2r 8
(h) )(r) =
r
2
_
1 r
2
q(r) =
r
2
_
(r
2
2r )
S
/(r) =
1
_
r
2
8r 1
AIgunas soIues
12. Algumas soluoos oos oxoiccios pioposlos
(a) 1c
a
=
1
c
a
c
(L) 1
_
r
_
r
S
1
=
4
8
_
_
r
S
log
_
_
r
S
1
__
c
(c) 1
1
r
_
2r 8
=
2
_
8
aiclan
_
2r 8
_
8
c
84 I:nxa
(o) 1

_
r 1
_
r
7

_
r
=
6
_
r

12
_
r
2 log r 24 log (

_
r 1) c
(o) 1
1
1
_
r 1
= 2
_
r 1 2 log
_
1
_
r 1
_
c
(f) 1
_
r
r 1
= 2
_
r 2 aiclan
_
r c
(g) 1
1
1 c
a
= log
_
c
a
1 c
a
_
c
(h) 1
_
r
_
r

_
r
= r
6

_
r

S
2

_
r
2
2
_
r 8

_
r 6

_
r 6 log [
_
r 1[ c
(i) 1c
a
= 2c
a
(
_
r 1) c
(j) 1
log r
r
_
1 log r
=
_
1
S

2
S
log r
_ _
1 log r c
(k) 1
1
_
c
a
1
= 2 aiclan
_
c
a
1 c
(l) 1
_
r
2
a
2
r
=
_
r
2
a
2
aaiclan
_
r
2
a
2
a
c
(m) 1
_
r 1
r 1
_
12
=
_
r 1
r 1
_
12
log
_
r 1
_
r 1
_
r 1
_
r 1
c
(n) 1
c
2a
_
c
a
1
= 4

_
(c
a
1)
S
8c
a
2
21
c
(o) 1 sin

_
r = 8

_
r
2
cos

_
r 6

_
rsin

_
r 6 cos

_
r c
(p) 1
1
r
_
r
2
1
=
1
2
log
_
r
2
1 1
_
r
2
1 1
c
(q) 1
_
c
a
1 = 2
__
c
a
1 aiclan
_
c
a
1
_
c
(i) 1
r
_
r 1
=
2
8
(r 2)
_
r 1 c
(s) 1
_
r
2
1
r
=
_
r
2
1
1
2
log
_
r
2
1 1
_
r
2
1 1
c
(l) 1
1
r
2
_
r
2
4
=
_
r
2
4
4r
c
(u) 1
r
2
_
0 16r
2
=
0
128
_
aicsin
4r
8

4r
_
0 16r
2
0
_
c
(v) 1
_
1 r
2
r
2
= aicsinr
_
1 r
2
r
c
(w) 1
_
r
2
1
r
1
=
_
(r
2
1)
S
8r
S
c
(x) 1
r
2
_
1 r
2
=
aicsinr r
_
1 r
2
2
c
(y) 1r
2
_
4 r
2
= 2 aicsin
r
2

1
2
r
_
4 r
2

1
4
r
S
_
4 r
2
c
(z) 1
_
r
2
a
2
r
=
_
r
2
a
2
aaiccos
a
r
c
() 1
1
r
_
r
2
1
= aiclan
_
r
2
1 c
() 1
1
(1 r)
_
r
= 2 aiclan
_
r c
() 1
1 r
1
_
r
=
2
8
r
_
r r 4
_
r 4 log [
_
r 1[ c
86 I:nxa
CaItuIo 2
IntegraIs
2.1 DehnIo e Interretao
Soja ) uma funao ioal oo vaiiavol ioal oolnioa o conlnua no inloivalo limilaoo o fochaoo
[a, /[, a < /. O inlogial numa so vaiiavol (r)
_
b
o
)(r)dr
(fioquonlomonlo oosignaoo poi IntegraI sInIes) o oolnioo como o limilo oo sonas de
HIenann
_
b
o
)(r)dr = lim(:o:a: dc 1ic:a::),
quo pooom soi consliuioas como a soguii so oxpoo.
Consiooiomos a oivisao oo inloivalo [a, /[ om : suLinloivalos oo igual ampliluoo o
oosigno-so ossa ampliluoo poi ^r. 1omos ^r = (/ a),:. Sojam r
0
, r
1
, r
2
, ..., r
a1
, r
a
,
com r
0
= a o r
a
= /. Conslioom-so 2 somas oo Iiomann (ospociais) ao consiooiai:
Soma pola osquoioa = )(r
0
) ^r )(r
1
) ^r ...)(r
a2
) ^r )(r
a1
) ^r
Soma pola oiioila = )(r
1
) ^r )(r
2
) ^r ...)(r
a1
) ^r )(r
a
) ^r.
Lm caoa uma ooslas somas caoa paicola (ou caoa loimo oo somaloiio) o iolaliva a um
oos : suLinloivalos: o o piooulo oa ampliluoo oo caoa suLinloivalo polo valoi oa funao
) calculaoa num coilo valoi r
i
soloccionaoo nosso suLinloivalo(alonoa as lguias 1 o 2)
87
88 Inag:a
Inooponoonlomonlo oa foima como so consliuiu caoa uma oas somas oo Iiomann
iofoiioas acima, sompio so soloccionou um valoi r
i
om caoa suLinloivalo o sompio so
consiooiou a sua imagom )(r
i
) poimilinoo oLloi, onlao, uma soma
o
a
=
a1
i=0
)(r
i
) ^r =
a1
i=0
)(r
i
)
/ a
:
.
DehnIo: 5]n ) &nn J&nn :n| J n:.n| :n| J]n.Jn n.n&n n .n:n|
[a, /[, a < /. 1]n- .nj:n| J]n.J n 1.nnnn Jn J&nn J n n nJ
|.n., nn n:.n| :, Jn nn J 1.nnnn j&nnJ n.J:nn : &hJ.. J
.n:n| [a, /[ . 1nn- .nj:n| :
_
b
o
)(r)dr.
Jn- nn
_
b
o
)(r)dr = lim
a
a1
i=0
)(r
i
) ^r = lim
a
a1
i=0
)(r
i
)
/ a
:
.
J&nn ) J.jnnJn : J&nn .nj:nnJn n4n: :n. : r:n &
|.n. J .nj:nn, |.n. .nJ:.: |.n. &:.:, :.nnn. O .n:n| [a, /[
J.jnnJ : .n:n| J .nj:nn. n.J:n-,n.nJn, j&
_
o
o
)(r)dr = 0 (caso om quo a = /)
_
b
o
)(r)dr =
_
o
b
)(r)dr quanoo / < a
ExenIo: Iaia o calculo oo
_
6
0
rdr oivioimos o inloivalo [0, 6[ om : suLinloivalos oo
ampliluoo ^r = 6,:. Soloccionamos os valoios r
i
como sonoo os oxliomos oa oiioila om
2.1. IIIINIAO I INJIIIIIJAAO 80
caoa suLinloivalo, islo o, r
0
= ^r, r
1
= 2 ^r,...,r
a1
= : ^r. 1omos, onlao,
o
a
=
a1
i=0
)(r
i
) ^r =
a1
i=0
)(i^r) ^r =
a1
i=0
i ^r ^r = (^r)
2
a1
i=0
i
= (^r)
2
(1 2 ... :) = (^r)
2
1 :
2
: =
_
6
:
_
2
1 :
2
: = 18
1 :
:
.
Como lal,
_
6
0
rdr = lim
a
a1
i=0
)(r
i
) ^r = lim
a
18
1 :
:
= 18.
Dovomos, no onlanlo, salionlai quo oslo piocooimonlo o om goial oifcil oo ofocluai
paia uma funao aiLiliaiia.
IroLIen 1 1n j& nJ. n jn:nn.Jn n r.n.n J .nj:n|
_
b
o
)(r)dr
Ha quo gaianlii a oxisloncia oo limilo consiooiaoo quanoo : , ou soja, gaianlii a
convoigoncia oa soiio numoiica
a0
)(r
a
) ^r =
a0
)(r
a
)
/ a
:
.
Dolniu-so o inlogial
_
b
o
)(r)dr paia funoos ) conlnuas no inloivalo [a, /[ , inloivalo
limilaoo o fochaoo. O looioma oo Woioisliass gaianlo onlao quo ) aomilo noslo inloivalo
um maximo o um mnimo, islo o, ) o limilaoa noslo inloivalo.Islo gaianlo a convoigoncia
oa soiio acima o a oxisloncia oa sua soma o quo coiiosponoo ao valoi oo inlogial
_
b
o
)(r)dr = lim
a
a1
i=0
)(r
i
) ^r = lim
a
o
a
= o.
1amLom osla gaianlioa a oxisloncia oo inlogial no caso om quo ) lonha aponas um
nmoio lnilo oo oosconlinuioaoo oo 1
o
ospocio (lamLom iofoiioas fioquonlomonlo como
oosconlinuioaoos oo sallo) no inloivalo [a, /[. Sonoo o nmoio oo oosconlinuioaoos lnilo
loina-so possvol consiooiai um nmoio lnilo oo inlogiais, caoa um om inloivalos onoo a
funao soja conlnua. A oLlonao oo inlogial
_
b
o
)(r)dr o possvol pola soguinlo piopiiooaoo
oos inlogiais:
_
c
o
)(r)dr
_
b
c
)(r)dr =
_
b
o
)(r)dr, a < c < /
40 Inag:a
oosignaoa poi IdentIdade de CLasIes.
Consiooiomos, oo soguioa, quo )(r) _ 0 paia r [a, /[ . Sonoo ) uma funao posiliva
no inloivalo [a, /[, pooomos inloipiolai caoa paicola )(r
i
) ^r oo uma soma oo Iiomann
como a aioa oo um ioclangulo oo Laso ^r o alluia )(r
i
). A soma oo Iiomann quo so
consiooio coiiosponoo, onlao, a soma oas aioas oo looos os ioclangulos.
Caoa soma oo Iiomann coiiosponoo, poilanlo, a uma oslimaliva oa aioa oa iogiao oo
plano limilaoa polo gialco oa funao ) o polo r-oixo, onlio as ioclas r = a o r = /.
Quanoo o consiooiaoo um nmoio caoa voz maioi oo inloivalos, ou soja, quanoo a
ampliluoo ^r lonoo a soi caoa voz monoi, os "lopos" oos ioclangulos lonoom a "ajuslai-
so" caoa voz mais a cuiva oo gialco. Assim, a soma oas aioas oossos ioclangulos lonoo
a apioximai-so oa aioa limilaoa onlio a cuiva oo gialco o o r-oixo oosoo a alo / (uma
foima oo ofocluai ossa oiminuiao oo ^r soiia oivioii caoa suLinloivalo ao moio, oopois
oivioii novamonlo ao moio caoa um ooslos llimos o assim poi oianlo). Alonoa as lguias
soguinlos.
Iooomos, poilanlo, alimai quo
_
b
o
)(r)dr =

rca da rcqi ao do j|a:o co:jrcc:dida c:trc
o qr a)ico dc )(r) c o rr ciro dc r = a at c r = /
OLservao: Uma oulia inloipiolaao oo inlogial
_
b
o
)(r)dr pooo soi foila quanoo )
iopiosonla uma funao oonsioaoo (oigamos uma oonsioaoo oo populaao ou a oonsioaoo
oo uma suLslancia) no inloivalo [a, /[. Noslo caso, o inlogial calcula a populaao lolal ou
a massa lolal oa suLslancia.
OLservao: O inlogial
_
b
o
)(r)dr lamLom pooo soi inloipiolaoo como o liaLalho
ioalizaoo poi uma foia ) quanoo o ponlo maloiial oo aplicaao oa foia so movo om
movimonlo iocllinoo oo r = a paia r = /.
2.2. IIOIIIIIAII5 IO5 INJICIAI5 - INJICIAI IIIINIIO/INIIIINIIO 41
2.2 IrorIedades dos IntegraIs - IntegraI dehnIdo,IndehnIdo
Soja ) uma funao ioal oo vaiiavol ioal oolnioa o conlnua no inloivalo [a, /[, a < /. 1omos
as soguinlos piopiiooaoos
_
b
o
/ )(r)dr = /
_
b
o
)(r)dr, /
_
b
o
()(r) q(r)) dr =
_
b
o
)(r)dr
_
b
o
q(r)dr aoilivioaoo
1
/ a
_
b
o
)(r)dr = )(r
0
); r
0
[a, /[ Teorena do vaIor ndIo
IroosIo: 5]n ) &nn J&nn :n| J n:.n| :n| J]n.Jn n.n&n n .n:n|
|.n.nJ JhnJ [a, /[, a < /. 5
1(n) =
_
&
o
)(r)dr
nn
d
dn
F(n) = )(n). 1 , n|.Jn n J:n&|n
d
dn
_
&
o
)(r)dr = )(n),
J.jnnJn : J:n&|n J J:.nn J .nj:n|.
OLservao {IntegraI IndehnIdo): A n n j& n(r) = r ;.., n n J&nn
.Jn.JnJ) n :.n n&n.nJn n
1(r) =
_
a
o
)(r)dr ==1
(r) = )(r)
& ]n,
d
dr
_
a
o
)(r)dr = )(r).
A nnn, n:n .n: nJ&nJ.: 'n.' J n:. r
: J : n&n.nJn Jn
j&.n nnn.:n
d
dr
_
a
o
)(t)dt = )(r),
& ]n,
1(r) =
_
a
o
)(t)dt ==1
(r) = )(r),
.jn.]nnJ j& 1(r) .n|nn &nn :.n..n J )(r).
42 Inag:a
OLservao: n jn:n|..nn Jn ]rnuIu uc ucr1ruo uo 1uIcjruI n
d
dr
_
,
(a)
,
(a)
)(t)dt = )(,
2
(r))
d,
2
dr
)(,
1
(r))
d,
1
dr
&, nn. j:n|nn,
d
dr
_
,
(a)
,
(a)
)(t, r)dt =
_
,
(a)
,
(a)
d)
dr
dt )(,
2
(r), r)
d,
2
dr
)(,
1
(r), r)
d,
1
dr
,
J.jnnJn : :j:n J 1.hn.. n:n n J:.nn h .nn| J .nj:n|.
ExenIo 1:
d
dr
_
a
1
t
2
dt = r
2
1 4
2
0 = r
2
.
ExenIo 2:
d
dr
_
1
t
1
t
dt =

0
1
1
1
0 = 0.
ExenIo 3:
d
dr
_
Sa
_
r
2
r 7
_
dt =
_
Sa
(2r)dt(r
2
r7)8
_
r
2
r 7
_
0 = 0r
2
20r 4.
ExenIo 4:
d
dr
_
t
cos rdr = cos(t

S
) 0 cos() 0 = 0.
ExenIo 5:
d
dr
_
Sa
_
r
2
t r 7
_
dt =
_
Sa
(2rt)dt (r
2
(8r)r7)8
_
r
2
r 7
_
0 = 18r
S
r 4.
Teorena IundanentaI do cIcuIo IntegraI 5]nn ) &nn J&nn :n| J n:.n|
:n| J]n.Jn n.n&n n .n:n| [a, /[, a < /, 1(r) &nn :.n..n J )(r). Jn
_
b
o
)(r)dr = 1(r)
b
o
= 1(/) 1(a),
J:j&nnn J.jnnJn : J:n&|n J 1n::&.
OLservao: 1 :nn J j:nnJ &.|.JnJ :n.n n n|&| J .nj:n., JJ
j& ]n .| J:n.nn: &nn :.n..n Jn J&nn .nj:nnJn.
As foimulas oo piimilivaao poi pailos o poi suLsliluiao pooom soi facilmonlo oslon-
oioas paia o calculo oo inlogiais oo uma funao conlnua no inloivalo limilaoo o fochaoo
[a, /[.
ExenIo {or artes): Iaia o calculo oo inlogial
12
_
S2
raicsinr
_
1 r
2
dr
ha quo salionlai a funao )(r) = raicsinr,
_
1 r
2
soi uma funao conlnua no inloivalo
limilaoo o fochaoo
_
1,2,
_
8,2
o, poi isso, o inlogial oslai Lom oolnioo. Iooomos, onlao,

2.2. IIOIIIIIAII5 IO5 INJICIAI5 - INJICIAI IIIINIIO/INIIIINIIO 48
consiooiai o inlogial o ofocluai piimilivaao poi pailos com
) = aicsinr o q
=
r
_
1 r
2
.
Iaia piimiliva oo q
pooomos consiooiai q = 1,2

_
1 r
2
_
, (1,2) =
_
1 r
2
o, paia
ooiivaoa oo ), lomos )
=
1
_
1 r
2
. Aplicanoo a foimula iofoiioa acima, oLlomos
12
_
S2
raicsinr
_
1 r
2
dr =
_
_
1 r
2
aicsinr
_
1
_
1 r
2
_
_
1 r
2
_
dr
_
12
S2
=
_
_
1 r
2
aicsinr
_
12
S2
__
1
_
1 r
2
_
_
1 r
2
_
dr
_
12
S2
=
_
_
1 r
2
aicsinr
_
12
S2
__
1dr
_
12
S2
=
_
_
1 r
2
aicsinr
_
12
S2
(r)[
12
S2
=
_
8
2
.
6

1
2
.
8

1
2

_
8
2
=
_
1
_
8
2
_
_
8
2

1
_
8
2
.
ExenIo {suLstItuIo): Iaia o calculo oo inlogial
_
S
2
1
r
2
_
r
2
1
dr
ha quo salionlai a funao )(r) soi uma funao conlnua no inloivalo limilaoo o fochaoo
[2, 8[ o, poi isso, o inlogial oslai Lom oolnioo. Iooomos consiooiai a muoana oo vaiiavol
r = soc t = q(t) onoo q
(t) = soc t lant. 1omos ainoa t

0
= ,8 paia r = 2 o t
1
= aiccos 1,8
paia r = 8.
_
S
2
1
r
2
_
r
2
1
dr =
niccos 1S
_
S
1
(soc t)
2
_
(soc t)
2
1
soc t lantdt =
niccos 1S
_
S
sint
_
(lant)
2
dt
=
niccos 1S
_
S
sint
lant
dt =
niccos 1S
_
S
cos tdt = (sint)[
niccos 1S
S
= sin
_
aiccos
1
8
_
_
8
2
=
_
8
8

_
8
2
=
4
_
2 8
_
8
6
44 Inag:a
Alonoamos quo, na pailo lnal oos calculos,oosignamos aiccos 1,8 poi O, ou soja, cos O =
1,8, o quo poimilo consiooiai num liiangulo ioclangulo oo hipolonusa 8 o um angulo O
cujo calolo aojaconlo mooo 1. Aplicanoo o looioma oo Iilagoias, oLlomos sinO =
_
8,8.
Calculo o valoi oos soguinlos inlogiais oolnioos
1).
_
2
1
_
r
2
2r 1
_
dr 2).
_
c
1
1
r
dr 8).
_
S
0
__
2r

_
r
_
dr
4).
_
S
2
r 1
r 1
dr ).
_
2
0
sin
S
rdr 6).
_
c
1
sin(lnr)
r
dr
7).
_
2
0
(r c
a
) dr 8).
_
1
0
1
r
2
4r
dr 0).
_
1
1
1
1
_
r
dr
10).
_
9
1
c
a
dr 11).
_
2
0
rcos rdr 12).
_
c
1
lnrdr
18).
_

0
c
a
sinrdr 14).
_
1
0
_
1 rdr 1).
_
2
1S
1
_
(8 r)
S
dr
16).
_
1
0
r
(r
2
1)
2
dr 17).
_
2
1
1
r r
S
dr 18).
_
2
0
rcos rdr
10).
_
c1
0
ln(r 1) dr 20).
_
9
1
_
r
_
r 1
dr 21).
_
S
S
r
_
1 r
dr
22).
_
1
0
_
(1 r
2
)
S
dr 28).
_
11
0
_
8 2rdr 24).
_
1
2
1
(11 r)
S
dr
2).
_
9
1
r 1
_
r 1
dr 26).
_
1
0
rc
a
dr 27).
_
c
1
ln
S
rdr
28).
_

0
sin
rdr 20).
_
2
2
_
SS
1
r
_
(r
2
2)
dr 80).
_
ln
0
c
a
_
c
a
1
c
a
8
dr
81).
_
1
0
r
S
r
S
1
dr 82).
_
S
2
1
r
2
1
dr 88).
_
2
1
ln(r
_
r) dr
84).
_
1
0
r
2
_
r
6
4
dr 8).
_
1
S
1
r
2
8r 2
dr 86).
_
1
12
r
_
1 r
1
dr
87).
_
1S
S1
1
_
r
2
1
dr 88).
_
1
0
1
_
r 1
dr 80).
_
2
1
_
r
2
1
r
dr
Calculo as ooiivaoas oos soguinlos inlogiais inoolnioos:
1).
d
dr
_
a
1
t
2
dt 2).
d
dr
_

a
t
S
1
t
7
dt 8).
d
dr
_
Sa
_
t
2
t 7
_
dt
2.J. INJICIAI5 IMIIOIIIO5 I II IIMIJI INIINIJO 4
4).
d
dr
_
1
a
t 1
t
2
t 7
dt ).
d
dr
_
a
2a
t
2
1
t
dt 6).
d
dr
_
a
1
c
t
dt
7).
d
dr
_
a
cos tdt 8).

d
dr
_
1a1
S
t
S
1
t
2
7
dt 0).
d
dr
_
a
0
t
S
dt
10).
d
dr
_
2a
a
tdt 11).
d
dr
_
a
1a
sint
2
dt 12).
d
dr
_
a
2a
t
S
dt
2.3 IntegraIs InrrIos e de IInIte InhnIto
2.3.1 TIcos de TeorIa
Lxlonsao oos inlogiais oolnioos paia un inloival inlnilo ou paia un inloival lnilo com
oisconlinuioaoos.
a b x
y
f ( x)
f ( a) =
_
b
o
) (r) dr = lim
.o
_
b
.
) (r) dr, com ) (a) = . O inlogial impiopiio oiz-so con-
voigonlo so o limilo oxislo, caso conliaiio oiz-so oivoigonlo.
a b
x
y
f( x)
f ( b)=
_
b
o
) (r) dr = lim
.b
_
.
o
) (r) dr, com ) (/) = paia c [a, /[
a b c
x
y
f ( x )
f ( c ) =
_
b
o
) (r) dr = lim
.c
_
.
o
) (r) dr lim
.c
_
b
.
) (r) dr com ) (c) =
46 Inag:a
a +
y
_

o
) (r) dr = lim
.
_
.
o
) (r) dr
b -
x
y
_
b
) (r) dr = lim
.
_
b
.
) (r) dr
+ -
x
y
_

) (r) dr = lim
.
_
0
.
) (r) dr lim
.
_
.
0
) (r) dr
2.3.2 ExercIcIos roostos
Calculo os soguinlos inlogiais impiopiios oo 1
o
ospocio ou oo limilo inlnilo o classilquo-
os quanlo a convoigoncia.
1).
_
1
0
1
r
dr 2).
_
S
0
1
(r 1)
2
dr 8).
_
1
0
1
1 r
2
dr
4).
_
1
1
r 1
r
2
dr ).
_
2
0
1
r
2
4r 8
dr 6).
_

0
1
1 r
2
dr
7).
_

0
sinrdr 8).
_

1
1
r
1
dr 0).
_

0
c
a
dr
10).
_

o
1
r
1 r
2
dr 11).
_
12
0
1
rlnr
dr 12).
_
1
1
1
1 r
2
dr
18).
_
2
1
r
r 1
dr 14).
_
1
1
1
r
2
dr 1).
_

1
1
r
dr
16).
_

0
rc
a
dr 17).
_

0
rsinrdr 18).
_

1
1
r
r
2
1
dr
2.!. INJICIAI5 A !MA 'AIIA'II: AIIICAOI5 47
2.4 IntegraIs a una varIveI: aIIcaes
2.4.1 CIcuIo de reas Ianas
x
y
f (x)
A
a b
A
=
_
b
o
) (r) dr
x
y
f (x)
a b
A
=
_
b
o
) (r) dr
x
y
a c
f (x)
b
A
A
=
_
b
o
) (r) dr
_
c
b
) (r) dr
x
y
a b
f (x)
g (x)
A
=
_
b
o
) (r) dr
_
b
o
q (r) dr
2.4.2 ConrInentos de LInLas
O cumpiimonlo 1 oo aico oo uma cuiva iogulai oo oquaao j = ) (r) compioonoioo
onlio os ponlos oo aLscisas r = a o r = / o oaoo poi:
48 Inag:a
x
y
a b
y=f(x)
1 =
_
b
o
_
1 (j
)
2
dr
So a cuiva foi oaoa poi cooioonaoas polaios j o 0 pola oquaao j = ) (0) , o com-
piimonlo 1 oo aico soia:
=f ()
2
1 =
_
0
_
() (0))
2
()
(0))
2
d0
onoo 0
1
o 0
2
sao os valoios oo angulo polai nos ponlos oxliomos oo aico.
So a cuiva foi oolnioa aliavos oo um paiamolio t poi r = ,(t) o j = c (t) , t 1,
1 inloivalo ioal, o compiimonlo oo aico soia:
1 =
t
_
t
_
(,
(t))
2
_
c
(t)
_
2
dt
onoo t
1
o t
2
sao os valoios oo paiamolio nos ponlos oxliomos oo aico.
Calculo as aioas oolnioas poi
1. 0 j 2r, r 4
2. 0 j
r 1, r
8. 0 j r
2
, 2 r 4
4. 8r j r
2
2.!. INJICIAI5 A !MA 'AIIA'II: AIIICAOI5 40
. 0 j lnr, r c
6. 0 j c
2a
, 0 r 1
7. j
1
r
, 0 j r, r 4
8. cos r j sinr, 0 r
0. j = r
S
, j = 8, r = 0
10. j = r
2
4, j = 4 r
2
11. j
2
= 4r, j
2
= r 4
12. j
2
= 4r, r 2
18. j = c
a
, r = 0, r = 1, j = 0
14. j = lnr, j = ln(r 2) , j = ln(4 r) , j = 0
1. r
2
j
1
r
, r 0, j 2
16. j 4 r
2
, j 8r
S
, j 8r
17. 0 j
1
r
2
, r 1
18. 0 j c
a
, r 0
10. 0 j
1
1 r
2
, r 0
20. Doloimino o compiimonlo oo cuiva oo oquaao r
2S
j
2S
= a
2S
.
21. Doloimino o compiimonlo lolal oa cuiva j = asin
S
(0,8) onoo 0 vaiia oo 0 a 8.
22. Doloimino o compiimonlo lolal oo aico oo ciclooo
_
_
_
r = a(t sint)
j = / (1 cos t)
0 t 2.
0 Inag:a
28. Moslio, poi aplicaao oo calculo inlogial, quo o compiimonlo oo 1,4 oo aico oa
ciicunfoioncia r
2
j
2
= r
2
o r,2.
24. Lnconlia o compiimonlos oas soguinlos cuivas:
(a) j =
r
2
2

lnr
4
, 2 r 4
(L) j = ln(sinr) , ,6 r ,8
(c) j
2
= 4r, 0 j 2
(o) j = c
a
, 0 r 1
(o) j =
r
S
6

1
2r
, 1,2 r 1
2.5 SoIues dos exercIcIos roostos
2.5.1 IntegraI dehnIdo
1). 10,8 2). 1 8). 100,8
4). 1 2 ln2 ). 2,8 6). 1 cos 1
7).
_
8 c
1
_
,2 8). aiclan8 0). 2 ln(4,0)
10). 4c
S
2c
2
11). ,2 1 12). 1
18). (c
1) ,2 14). 2,8
_
2
2 1
_
1). 8,2
16). 1,4 17). 1,2 ln(8,) 18). ,2 1
10). (c 1) ln(c 1) 2 c 20). 7 2 ln2 21). 82,8
22). 8,16 28). 08,8 24). 7,72
2). 8,8 26). 1 2,c 27). 8c 1
28). 8,1 20).
2
0
6

24
2
80). 4
81). ,16 82). ln(2,8)
12
88). ln
8
4
2 1
84).
1
8
ln
1
2
8). ln(4,8) 86). 1,2 (,2 aicsin(1,4))
87). ln(8,2) 88). 2 (2 ln8) 80).

8 ,8
40). 1,2 ln(8,4) 41).
2.. 5OI!OI5 IO5 IXIICICIO5 IIOIO5JO5 1
2.5.2 IntegraI IndehnIdo
1). r
2
2). 0 8). 27r
2
4r 21
4).
r
2
1
r
1
r
2
7
2r ).
8r
6
4r
2
2
r
6). c
2a
7). 0 8).
4 (4r 1)
S
1
(4r 1)
2
7
0). 2r
7
10). 12r
r 11). 2rsinr
1
4 sin
_
16r
2
_
12). 0
2.5.3 IntegraI InrrIo de 1
o
e 2
o
escIe
1. | = 2, convoigonlo
2. | = , oivoigonlo
8. | = ,2, convoigonlo
. | = , oivoigonlo
7. Nao oxislo limilo, oivoigonlo
8. | = 1,8, convoigonlo
10. | = ln
_
a
2
,
_
a
1
1 1
__
, convoigonlo
11. | = , oivoigonlo
12. | = , convoigonlo
14. | = , oivoigonlo
2 Inag:a
1. | = , oivoigonlo
17. O limilo nao oxislo, oivoigonlo
2.5.4 AIIcaes dos IntegraIs
1). = 16 2). =
16
8
x
y
2 4
8
4
y = 2 x
5 1
2
y
x
y = (x-1)
1/2
8). =
6
8
4). =
1
2
y
x
2 4
y=x
2
y
x
3
y=x
2
y=3x
). = 1 6). =
c
2
1
2
e
x
y
1
1
y=log x
x
y
1
e
2
1
1 y=e
2x
2.. 5OI!OI5 IO5 IXIICICIO5 IIOIO5JO5 8
7). =
1
2
log 4 8). = 1
y=x
y=1/x
4
x
y
0 /2
sinx cosx
x
y
1
0). = 12 10). =
64
8
y=8
y=x
3
x=0
y
x
2
x
y
- 4
4
- 2 2
y = 4-x
2
y =x
2
-4
11). =
44
8
12). =
_
16
2
_
,8
4 x
y
y
2
=4x
y
2
=5x-4
2 x
y
y
2
=4x
4 Inag:a
18). =
1
_
c
1
_
14). = 6 log (8,2) 2
x
y
1
e
5
1
1 y=e
5x
y
x
y
1 2 3
y=logx
y=log(x+2)
y=log(4-x)
1). = 2,8 log (1,2) 16). = 20,6
y=x
2
y=1/x
y=2
1
x
y
x
y
4
-2 2
1 -1
y=3x
3
y=-3x
y=4-x
2
17). = 1 18). = 1
y
x 1
y=1/x
2
y
x
+
y=e
-x
2.. 5OI!OI5 IO5 IXIICICIO5 IIOIO5JO5
10). =

2
x
y
y=1/(1+x
2
)
+
20). 1 = 6a.
21). 1 = 8,a.
22). 1 = 8a.

Prim Integrai Set I

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Prim Integrai Set I

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InstItuto SuerIor de CIncIas do TraLaILo e Enresa

Curso: EngenLarIa de TeIeconunIcaes e InIorntIca, 1

ln1 = 0 lnc = 1 ln0

soc nlann dr = soc n C

csc ncol n dr = csc n C

lann dr = log [cos n[ C

col n dr = log [sinn[ C

soc n dr = log [soc n lann[ C

csc n dr = log [csc n col n[ C

o oo mais facil piimilivaao oo quo n. Quanoo piolonoomos aplicai

= 1. Jn n:n n :.n J&n J.:n oxp, sin, cos, lan

(o) ) (r) = aicsin2r q(r) = c

(t) dt = c(t) = c(q

= a soc t lant t = aicsoc

. 1|n J:n&|n h.Jn n:n nJ J :.n..nn :

(t) = 2t. 1|n J:n&|n

(t). 1 Jn, nn J: n.J:nJn n J:.nJn

cos rdr = cos(t

o, poi isso, o inlogial oslai Lom oolnioo. Iooomos, onlao,

pooomos consiooiai q = 1,2

(t) = soc t lant. 1omos ainoa t

cos tdt 8).

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