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COGNIÇÃO I – FUNDAMENTOS
COMPLEXIDADE E CÉREBRO
Celson D. Pereira
Icex-UFMG
I) COMPLEXIDADE
The nucleus of a neuron is located in the cell body. Extending out from the cell body are
processes called dendrites and axons. These processes vary in number & relative length
but always serve to conduct impulses (with dendrites conducting impulses toward the
cell body and axons conducting impulses away from the cell body).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg
Neurons can respond to stimuli and conduct impulses because a membrane potential is
established across the cell membrane. In other words, there is an unequal distribution of
ions (charged atoms) on the two sides of a nerve cell membrane. This can be illustrated
with a voltmeter:
The Cerebrum: The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain,
associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex is
divided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe,
and temporal lobe. Here is a visual representation of the cortex:
The hippocampus converts objective versions of events from short term to long term
memory. Together, the hippocampus and the amygdala can shape memories, combining
the emotional version of the amygdala with the more objective version of the
hippocampus. Because of the effect of the amygdala on the memory, the emotional state
of the learner will change the subjects’ perception of the memory.
The thalamus observes external stimuli and tells the brain what is happening outside of
the body. The thalamus can observe a stimulus outside the body and immediately
transmit limited information to the amygdala, which can then trigger a quick, emotional
outburst. The hypothalamus informs the brain as to what is happening inside the body.
When the thalamus records a stimulus, the brain will attempt to produce a reaction.
When no reaction can be produced, the hypothalamus will trigger the endocrine system
I) COMPLEXIDADE