APONTAMENTOS ACCESS_02

Metodologia
Ler cada questo do enunciado
Interpretar o que pedido
Analisar a base de dados fornecida como exemplo
Ler os apontamentos relativos questo
Ver os vdeos (se disponveis)
Ouvir atentamente as demonstraes prticas
Tentar responder mentalmente s diversas questes colocadas
1)

2) Criar tabela na vista de estrutura:

Inserir o nome dos campos tendo em ateno as regras de nomenclatura,
nomeadamente:
- Utilizar uma nomenclatura consistente;
- Atribuir nomes significativos nos vrios itens a criar;
- Tabelas: Plural;
- Campos: singular;
- Sem espaos
- Com acentuao;
- Maiscula inicial em cada palavra;
Utilizar a rea de transferncia para aumentar a produtividade (Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V)
Definir a chave primria: Campo que no permite repetio de dados
(Menu de contexto Chave primria)
3) Tipos de dados:
Texto
Alfanumrico, comprimento limite de 255 carateres
(Para inserir texto)
Memo
Alfanumrico, comprimento limite de 65535 carateres
Para inserir texto sem limitaes de tamanho
Permite inserir quebras de linha
Nmero
Numrico
Data/Hora Data e/ou hora, ex. dd-mm-aaaa hh:mm:ss
Moeda
ex. uro
Sim/No
Caixa de marcao (CheckBox)

Na disciplina iremos utilizar apenas cdigos numricos (Os campos de cdigo

podem ter outros tipos de dados)
Tamanho do campo
Comprimento (Texto) ou subtipo numrico (Nmero)
Subtipo numrico
Byte
Inteiro Positivo
0 a 255
Inteiro
Inteiro Negativos e Positivos
-32768 a 32767
Inteiro Longo Inteiro Negativos e Positivos
at 2147483647
Simples
Decimal Negativos e Positivos
at 3,4E38
Exemplos:
Byte
162 cm (Altura cm)
Inteiro
1000 Kg
Inteiro longo
100000
Simples
1,62 m (Altura m)

1
2
4
4

byte
bytes
bytes
bytes

4) Propriedades (Utilizar a ajuda em cada propriedade)

Formatar
Atua aps a insero de dados (Efeito visual)
Nmero:
0000
Formata nmero com pelo menos 4 dgitos
Casas decimais
Aplica-se quando o subtipo de dados no inteiro
Mscara de introduo
Atua aquando da insero de dados
Controla o que o utilizador pode ou deve inserir
Nmero:
0000
Obrigatria a insero de 4 dgitos
Nmero:
9990
trs dgitos facultativos + 1 dgito obrigatrio
Legenda
Texto que aparece como nome do campo
Valor predefinido
Valor que aparece, por defeito, para cada novo registo
Regra de validao
Regra matemtica.
Ex. >1900 E <2010
Texto de validao
Texto que aparece se a regra no for cumprida.
Deve informar o que o utilizador deve inserir
Necessrio
Indica se obrigatrio o seu preenchimento
Indexado
Por defeito o valor : No
Nas chaves primrias o valor dever ser: Sim (Duplicao no autorizada)

5) Relaes
As tabelas devem estar fechadas para que quaisquer alteraes estrutura da
BD possam ser validadas com sucesso
Adicionar tabelas
Dispor as tabelas
Identificar as tabelas simples
Identificar as chaves externas: Campos que precisam de "ir buscar" dados a
outra tabela
Os campos a ligar tm de ser do mesmo Tipo de dados;
Os campos numricos tm de ter o mesmo Tamanho do campo (Subtipo numrico).
Arrastar as chaves externas para a chave primria respetiva (ou em sentido
inverso)
Organizar as tabelas para que as relaes oo--1 fiquem no mesmo sentido
Impor integridade referencial:
Impede a utilizao de um cdigo que no exista;
Impede a eliminao de um cdigo que esteja a ser utilizado
Propagar a atualizao dos campos relacionados:
Atualiza qualquer alterao de dados
6) Caixas de combinao
Na Vista de estrutura
Identificar as chaves externas: Campos que precisam de "ir buscar" dados a
outra tabela ()
Apenas se configuram caixas de combinao nas chaves externas
Posicionar o cursor na Chave externa: Pesquisa Caixa de combinao
Origem da linha
Selecionar uma das tabelas existentes na lista
Coluna vinculada
Ordem do campo chave da tabela definida como origem da linha: 1, 2,
etc.).
7) Iniciar o preenchimento pelas tabelas secundrias

8) Consultas
Nomenclatura
. Con_
. Atribuir nomes significativos s consultas: Con_##_Descrio
. ex: Con_01_Todos os filmes
Pensar sobre os campos que queremos visualizar
Adicionar apenas as tabelas necessrias
Evitar a utilizao dos campos que estabelecem as relaes
Adicionar o campos pretendidos
. O asterisco (*) significa adicionar todos os campos de uma dada tabela
No permite utilizar critrios (condies de procura)
no permite utilizar critrios de ordenao
. Apenas as caixas (checkbox) marcadas sero visveis na consulta
Desmarcam-se os campos que possam aparecer repetidos
. Eliminar quaisquer tabelas sem campos utilizados na consulta
Critrios de consulta:
. Esto relacionados com o tipo de dados do campo em causa
ex: >=2001, para um campo numrico
"Ao" para um campo de texto
. Os dados alfanumricos (Texto) ficam entre aspas (")
. As datas ficam entre cardinais (#)
. Condies na mesma linha condio E
Tm de verificar-se todas e em simultneo para o mesmo registo
. Condies em linha diferentes condio OU
Critrios de ordenao:
. Os critrios so aplicados da esquerda para a direita
. Quando no se pretende alterar a ordem dos campos, podemos:
- Adicionar um campo repetido
- Desmarcar a checkbox para no aparecerem campos repetidos
- Definir o critrio de ordenao: ascendente ou descendente

9) Consultas parametrizadas
. Con_Par_
. Substituir dados por questes entre parntesis retos
. Como Aplicado ao tipo de dados Texto e Data/Hora. Permite utilizar *
10)

Formulrios
For_Tab_ (...)
Utilizar o assistente
Utilizar Tabelas
Utilizar os campos de ligao que contm caixas de combinao (chaves
externas)
. Modelos disponveis: Colunas, Tabela, folha de dados e justificado
. Formulrio com Subformulrio: Incluir 2 tabelas ligadas
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

Relatrios
Rel_Con_ (...)
Utilizar o assistente
Utilizar consultas
No utilizar os campos de ligao que contm caixas de combinao (chaves
externas)

CONSULTAS OPERADORES E PARMETROS

Operadores:
>; <; >=; <=; COMO; E (Conjuno); OU (Disjuno)
Tipo de dados TEXTO
> B
Suspense
Como *Rock*

Tipo de dados NMERO

<= 2002
> 2000 E < 2005
<= 2002 OU > 2005

Tipo de dados DATA/HORA

>= #01-01-2000#
>= #01-01-2000# E <= #31-12-2000#
< #01-01-1999# OU > #31-12-1999#

CONSULTAS PARAMETRIZADAS
Neste tipo de consultas solicitado ao utilizador um valor a inserir;
O texto entre parntesis retos ser personalizado tendo em conta o
contexto;
Se os [Campos] tiverem o mesmo nome a questo apenas apresentada uma
nica vez.
de dados
[Questo
[Questo
[Questo
[Questo

TEXTO, NMERO, DATA/HORA

a colocar]
a colocar]
a colocar] E <= [Questo a colocar]
a colocar] OU >= [Questo a colocar]

Tipo
=
>
>
<

Utilizao do carter universal (*)

O asterisco significa Qualquer carter ou nulo;
necessria a utilizao do termo Como.
Como [Questo a colocar]
Neste caso ser utilizada exatamente a expresso
utilizador

inserida

pelo

Como "*" & [Questo a colocar] & "*"

Ser utilizada a expresso inserida pelo utilizador podendo conter
carateres antes ou depois (Valores contendo ...)
Como "*" & [Questo a colocar]
Ser utilizada a expresso inserida pelo utilizador podendo conter
carateres antes (Valores terminados em ...)
Como [Questo a colocar] & "*"
Ser utilizada a expresso inserida pelo utilizador podendo conter
carateres depois (Valores comeados por ...)
Exemplo:
Consulta de datas de um dado ano:

>= 01/01/ & [Pesquisa de datas relativas ao ano] E <=31/12/ &

[Pesquisa de datas relativas ao ano]

DATATYPE PROPERTY (TIPO DE DADOS)

FIELDSIZE PROPERTY (TAMANHO DO CAMPO)
FORMAT PROPERTY (FORMATAR)
FORMAT PROPERTY - DATE/TIME DATA TYPE (FORMATAR)
FORMAT PROPERTY - NUMBER AND CURRENCY DATA TYPES (FORMATAR)
FORMAT PROPERTY - TEXT AND MEMO DATA TYPES (FORMATAR)
FORMAT PROPERTY - YES/NO DATA TYPE (FORMATAR)
TEXTBOX.INPUTMASK PROPERTY (MSCARA DE INTRODUO)
TEXTBOX.VALIDATIONRULE PROPERTY (REGRA DE VALIDAO)
TEXTBOX.VALIDATIONTEXT PROPERTY (TEXTO DE VALIDAO)
REQUIRED PROPERTY (NECESSRIO)

5
6
6
7
8
9
10
10
12
12
13

DATATYPE PROPERTY (TIPO DE DADOS)

You can use the DataType property to specify the type of data stored in a table field. Each field can store data consisting of only a
single data type.

Setting

The DataType property uses the following settings.

Setting

Type of data

Size

Text

(Default) Text or combinations of text and numbers,

as well as numbers that don't require calculations,
such as phone numbers.

Up to 255 characters or the length set by the FieldSize property,

whichever is less. Microsoft Access does not reserve space for
unused portions of a text field.

Memo

Lengthy text or combinations of text and numbers.

Up to 63,999 characters. (If the Memo field is manipulated through

DAO and only text and numbers [not binary data] will be stored in it,
then the size of the Memo field is limited by the size of the
database.)

Number

Numeric data used in mathematical calculations.

For more information on how to set the specific
Number type, see the FieldSize property topic.

1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes (16 bytes if the FieldSize property is set to

Replication ID).

Date/Time

Date and time values for the years 100 through

9999.

8 bytes.

Currency

Currency values and numeric data used in

mathematical calculations involving data with one
to four decimal places. Accurate to 15 digits on the
left side of the decimal separator and to 4 digits on
the right side.

8 bytes.

AutoNumber

A unique sequential (incremented by 1) number or

random number assigned by Microsoft Access
whenever a new record is added to a table.
AutoNumber fields can't be updated. For more
information, see the NewValues property topic.

4 bytes (16 bytes if the FieldSize property is set to Replication ID).

Yes/No

Yes and No values and fields that contain only one

of two values (Yes/No, True/False, or On/Off).

1 bit.

OLE Object

An object (such as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, a

Microsoft Word document, graphics, sounds, or
other binary data) linked to or embedded in a
Microsoft Access table.

Up to 1 gigabyte (limited by available disk space)

Hyperlink

Text or combinations of text and numbers stored as

text and used as a hyperlink address. A hyperlink
address can have up to four parts:
text to display the text that appears in a field or
control.
address the path to a file (UNC path) or page
(URL).
subaddress a location within the file or page.
screentip the text displayed as a tooltip.

Each part of the parts of a Hyperlink data type can contain up to

2048 characters.

Any supported type of file

You can attach images, spreadsheet files, documents, charts, and

other types of supported files to the records in your database, much
like you attach files to e-mail messages. You can also view and edit
attached files, depending on how the database designer sets up the
Attachment field. Attachment fields provide greater flexibility than
OLE Object fields, and they use storage space more efficiently
because they don't create a bitmap image of the original file.

Attachment

Creates a field that allows you to choose a value

from another table or from a list of values by using
a list box or combo box. Clicking this option starts
the Lookup Wizard, which creates a Lookup field.
After you complete the wizard, Microsoft Access
sets the data type based on the values selected in
the wizard.

Lookup
Wizard

The same size as the primary key field used to perform the lookup,
typically 4 bytes.

FIELDSIZE PROPERTY (TAMANHO DO CAMPO)

You can use the FieldSize property to set the maximum size for data stored in a field set to the Text, Number, or AutoNumber
data type.
Setting
If the DataType property is set to Text, enter a number from 0 to 255. The default setting is 50.
If the DataType property is set to AutoNumber, the FieldSize property can be set to Long Integer or Replication ID.
If the DataType property is set to Number, the FieldSize property settings and their values are related in the following way.
Setting

Description

Decimal precision

Storage size

Byte

Stores numbers from 0 to 255 (no fractions).

None

1 byte

Decimal

Stores numbers from 10^381 through 10^381 (.adp)

Stores numbers from 10^281 through 10^281 (.mdb, .accdb)

28

2 bytes

Integer

Stores numbers from 32,768 to 32,767 (no fractions).

None

2 bytes

Long Integer

(Default) Stores numbers from 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (no fractions).

None

4 bytes

Single

Stores numbers from

3.402823E38 to 1.401298E45
for negative values and from
1.401298E45 to 3.402823E38 for positive values.

4 bytes

Double

Stores numbers from

1.79769313486231E308 to 4.94065645841247E324
for negative values and from
4.94065645841247E324 to 1.79769313486231E308 for positive values.

15

8 bytes

Replication ID

Globally unique identifier (GUID)

N/A

16 bytes

FORMAT PROPERTY (FORMATAR)

You can use the Format property to customize the way numbers, dates, times, and text are displayed and printed. Read/write
String.

Syntax

expression.Format
expression A variable that represents a TextBox object.

Remarks

You can use one of the predefined formats or you can create a custom format by using formatting symbols.
The Format property uses different settings for different data types. For information about settings for a specific data type, see
one of the following topics:
Date/Time Data Type
Number and Currency Data Types
Text and Memo Data Types
Yes/No Data Type
You can use the following symbols in custom formats for any data type.
Symbol

Meaning

(space)

Display spaces as literal characters.

"ABC"

Display anything inside quotation marks as literal characters.

Force left alignment instead of right alignment.

Fill available space with the next character.

Display the next character as a literal character. You can also display literal characters by placing quotation marks around them.

[color]

Display the formatted data in the color specified between the brackets. Available colors: Black, Blue, Green, Cyan, Red, Magenta,
Yellow, White.

FORMAT PROPERTY - DATE/TIME DATA TYPE (FORMATAR)

You can set the Format property to predefined date and time formats or use custom formats for the Date/Time data type.

Setting
Predefined Formats

The following table shows the predefined Format property settings for the Date/Time data type.
Setting

Description

General
Date

(Default) If the value is a date only, no time is displayed; if the value is a time only, no date is displayed. This setting is a
combination of the Short Date and Long Time settings.
Examples: 4/3/93, 05:34:00 PM, and 4/3/93 05:34:00 PM.

Long Date

Same as the Long Date setting in the regional settings of Windows.

Example: Saturday, April 3, 1993.

Medium
Date

Example: 3-Apr-93.

Short
Date

Same as the Short Date setting in the regional settings of Windows.

Example: 4/3/93.
WARNING The Short Date setting assumes that dates between 1/1/00 and 12/31/29 are twenty-first century dates (that is, the
years are assumed to be 2000 to 2029). Dates between 1/1/30 and 12/31/99 are assumed to be twentieth century dates (that
is, the years are assumed to be 1930 to 1999).

Long Time

Same as the setting on the Time tab in the regional settings of Windows.
Example: 5:34:23 PM.

Medium
Time

Example: 5:34 PM.

Short
Time

Example: 17:34.

Custom Formats

You can create custom date and time formats by using the following symbols.
Symbol

Description

: (colon)

Time separator. Separators are set in the regional settings of Windows.

Date separator.

Same as the General Date predefined format.

Day of the month in one or two numeric digits, as needed (1 to 31).

dd

Day of the month in two numeric digits (01 to 31).

ddd

First three letters of the weekday (Sun to Sat).

dddd

Full name of the weekday (Sunday to Saturday).

ddddd

Same as the Short Date predefined format.

dddddd

Same as the Long Date predefined format.

Day of the week (1 to 7).

ww

Week of the year (1 to 53).

Month of the year in one or two numeric digits, as needed (1 to 12).

mm

Month of the year in two numeric digits (01 to 12).

mmm

First three letters of the month (Jan to Dec).

mmmm

Full name of the month (January to December).

Date displayed as the quarter of the year (1 to 4).

Number of the day of the year (1 to 366).

yy

Last two digits of the year (01 to 99).

yyyy

Full year (0100 to 9999).

Hour in one or two digits, as needed (0 to 23).

hh

Hour in two digits (00 to 23).

Minute in one or two digits, as needed (0 to 59).

nn

Minute in two digits (00 to 59).

Second in one or two digits, as needed (0 to 59).

ss

Second in two digits (00 to 59).

ttttt

Same as the Long Time predefined format.

AM/PM

Twelve-hour clock with the uppercase letters "AM" or "PM", as appropriate.

am/pm

Twelve-hour clock with the lowercase letters "am" or "pm", as appropriate.

A/P

Twelve-hour clock with the uppercase letter "A" or "P", as appropriate.

a/p

Twelve-hour clock with the lowercase letter "a" or "p", as appropriate.

AMPM

Twelve-hour clock with the appropriate morning/afternoon designator as defined in the regional settings of Windows.

Custom formats are displayed according to the settings specified in the regional settings of Windows. Custom formats inconsistent
with the settings specified in the regional settings of Windows are ignored.

Note
If you want to add a comma or other separator to a custom format, enclose the separator in quotation marks as follows: mmm d", "yyyy.

Example

The following are examples of custom date/time formats.

Setting

Display

ddd", "mmm d", "yyyy

Mon, Jun 2, 1997

mmmm dd", "yyyy

June 02, 1997

"This is week number "ww

This is week number 22

"Today is "dddd

Today is Tuesday

FORMAT PROPERTY - NUMBER AND CURRENCY DATA TYPES (FORMATAR)

You can set the Format property to predefined number formats or custom number formats for the Number and Currency data
types.

Setting
Predefined Formats

The following table shows the predefined Format property settings for numbers.
Setting

Description

General
Number

(Default) Display the number as entered.

Currency

Use the thousand separator; follow the settings specified in the regional settings of Windows for negative amounts,
decimal and currency symbols, and decimal places.

Euro

Use the euro symbol ( ), regardless of the currency symbol specified in the regional settings of Windows.

Fixed

Display at least one digit; follow the settings specified in the regional settings of Windows for negative amounts, decimal
and currency symbols, and decimal places.

Standard

Use the thousand separator; follow the settings specified in the regional settings of Windows for negative amounts,
decimal symbols, and decimal places.

Percent

Multiply the value by 100 and append a percent sign (%); follow the settings specified in the regional settings of Windows
for negative amounts, decimal symbols, and decimal places.

Scientific

Use standard scientific notation.

Custom Formats

Custom number formats can have one to four sections with semicolons (;) as the list separator. Each section contains the format
specification for a different type of number.
Section

Description

First

The format for positive numbers.

Second

The format for negative numbers.

Third

The format for zero values.

Fourth

The format for Null values.

For example, you could use the following custom Currency format:

$#,##0.00[Green];($#,##0.00)[Red];"Zero";"Null"

This number format contains four sections separated by semicolons and uses a different format for each section.
If you use multiple sections but don't specify a format for each section, entries for which there is no format will either display
nothing or default to the formatting of the first section.
You can create custom number formats by using the following symbols.
Symbol

Description

. (period)

Decimal separator. Separators are set in the regional settings in Windows.

,
(comma)

Thousand separator.

Digit placeholder. Display a digit or 0.

Digit placeholder. Display a digit or nothing.

Display the literal character "$".

Percentage. The value is multiplied by 100 and a percent sign is appended.

E or e

Scientific notation with a minus sign () next to negative exponents and nothing next to positive exponents. This symbol must
be used with other symbols, as in 0.00E00 or 0.00E00.

E+ or e+

Scientific notation with a minus sign () next to negative exponents and a plus sign (+) next to positive exponents. This symbol
must be used with other symbols, as in 0.00E+00.

Remarks

You can use the DecimalPlaces property to override the default number of decimal places for the predefined format specified for
the Format property.
The predefined currency and euro formats follow the settings in the regional settings of Windows. You can override these by
entering your own currency format.

Example

The following are examples of the predefined number formats.

Setting

Data

Display

General Number

3456.789
3456.789
$213.21

3456.789
3456.789
$213.21

Currency

3456.789
3456.789

$3,456.79
($3,456.79)

Fixed

3456.789
3456.789
3.56645

3456.79
3456.79
3.57

Standard

3456.789

3,456.79

Percent

3
0.45

300%
45%

Scientific

3456.789
3456.789

3.46E+03
3.46E+03

The following are examples of custom number formats.

Setting

Description

0;(0);;"Null"

Display positive values normally; display negative values in parentheses; display the word "Null" if the value is Null.

+0.0;0.0;0.0

Display a plus (+) or minus () sign with positive or negative numbers; display 0.0 if the value is zero.

FORMAT PROPERTY - TEXT AND MEMO DATA TYPES (FORMATAR)

You can use special symbols in the setting for the Format property to create custom formats for Text and Memo fields.

Setting

You can create custom text and memo formats by using the following symbols.
Symbol

Description

Text character (either a character or a space) is required.

&

Text character is not required.

<

Force all characters to lowercase.

>

Force all characters to uppercase.

Custom formats for Text and Memo fields can have up to two sections. Each section contains the format specification for different
data in a field.
Section

Description

First

Format for fields with text.

Second

Format for fields with zero-length strings and Null values.

For example, if you have a text box control in which you want the word "None" to appear when there is no string in the field, you
could type the custom format @;"None" as the control's Format property setting. The @ symbol causes the text from the field to
be displayed; the second section causes the word "None" to appear when there is a zero-length string or Null value in the field.
Note
You can use the Format function to return one value for a zero-length string and another for a Null value, and you can similarly use the
Format property to automatically format fields in table Datasheet view or controls on a form or report.

Example

The following are examples of text and memo custom formats.

Setting

Data

Display

@@@-@@-@@@@

465043799

465-04-3799

@@@@@@@@@

465-04-3799
465043799

465-04-3799
465043799

>

davolio
DAVOLIO
Davolio

DAVOLIO
DAVOLIO
DAVOLIO

<

davolio
DAVOLIO
Davolio

davolio
davolio
davolio

@;"Unknown"

Null value

Unknown

Zero-length string

Unknown

Any text

Same text as entered is displayed

FORMAT PROPERTY - YES/NO DATA TYPE (FORMATAR)

You can set the Format property to the Yes/No, True/False, or On/Off predefined formats or to a custom format for the Yes/No
data type.

Setting

Microsoft Access uses a check box control as the default control for the Yes/No data type. Predefined and custom formats are
ignored when a check box control is used. Therefore, these formats apply only to data that is displayed in a text box control.

Predefined Formats

Yes, True, and On are equivalent, as are No, False, and Off. If you specify one predefined format and then enter an equivalent
value, the predefined format of equivalent value will be displayed. For example, if you enter True or On in a text box control with
its Format property set to Yes/No, the value is automatically converted to Yes.

Custom Formats

The Yes/No data type can use custom formats containing up to three sections.
Section

Description

First

This section has no effect on the Yes/No data type. However, a semicolon (;) is required as a placeholder.

Second

The text to display in place of Yes, True, or On values.

Third

The text to display in place of No, False, or Off values.

Example

The following example shows a custom yes/no format for a text box control. The control displays the word "Always" in blue text for
Yes, True, or On, and the word "Never" in red text for No, False, or Off.

;"Always"[Blue];"Never"[Red]

TEXTBOX.INPUTMASK PROPERTY (MSCARA DE INTRODUO)

You can use the InputMask property to make data entry easier and to control the values users can enter in a text boxcontrol.
Read/write String.

Syntax

expression.InputMask
expression A variable that represents a TextBox object.

Remarks

Input masks are helpful for data-entry operations such as an input mask for a Phone Number field that shows you exactly how to
enter a new number: (___) ___-____. It is often easier to use the Input Mask Wizard to set the property for you.
The InputMask property can contain up to three sections separated by semicolons (;).
Section

Description

First

Specifies the input mask itself; for example, !(999) 999-9999. For a list of characters you can use to define the input mask, see the
following table.

Second

Specifies whether Microsoft Access stores the literal display characters in the table when you enter data. If you use 0 for this
section, all literal display characters (for example, the parentheses in a phone number input mask) are stored with the value; if
you enter 1 or leave this section blank, only characters typed into the control are stored.

Third

Specifies the character that Microsoft Access displays for the space where you should type a character in the input mask. For this
section, you can use any character; to display an empty string, use a space enclosed in quotation marks (" ").

When you create an input mask, you can use special characters to require that certain data be entered (for example, the area code
for a phone number) and that other data be optional (such as a telephone extension). These characters specify the type of data,
such as a number or character, that you must enter for each character in the input mask.
You can define an input mask by using the following characters.
Character

Description

Digit (0 to 9, entry required, plus [+] and minus [] signs not allowed).

Digit or space (entry not required, plus and minus signs not allowed).

Digit or space (entry not required; spaces are displayed as blanks while in Edit mode, but blanks are removed when data is
saved; plus and minus signs allowed).

Letter (A to Z, entry required).

Letter (A to Z, entry optional).

Letter or digit (entry required).

Letter or digit (entry optional).

&

Any character or a space (entry required).

Any character or a space (entry optional).

.,:;-/

Decimal placeholder and thousand, date, and time separators. (The actual character used depends on the settings in the
Regional Settings Properties dialog box in Windows Control Panel).

<

Causes all characters to be converted to lowercase.

>

Causes all characters to be converted to uppercase.

Causes the input mask to display from right to left, rather than from left to right. Characters typed into the mask always fill it
from left to right. You can include the exclamation point anywhere in the input mask.

Causes the character that follows to be displayed as the literal character (for example, \A is displayed as just A).
Note

Setting the InputMask property to the word "Password" creates a password-entry control. Any character typed in the control is stored as
the character but is displayed as an asterisk (*). You use the Password input mask to prevent displaying the typed characters on the screen.

When you type data in a field for which you've defined an input mask, the data is always entered in Overtype mode. If you use the
BACKSPACE key to delete a character, the character is replaced by a blank space.
If you move text from a field for which you've defined an input mask onto the Clipboard, the literal display characters are copied,
even if you have specified that they not be saved with data.
When you've defined an input mask and set the Format property for the same field, the Format property takes precedence when
the data is displayed. This means that even if you've saved an input mask, the input mask is ignored when data is formatted and
displayed. The data in the underlying table itself isn't changed; the Format property affects only how the data is displayed.
The following table shows some useful input masks and the type of values you can enter in them.
Input mask

Sample values

(000) 000-0000

(206) 555-0248

(999) 999-9999

(206) 555-0248
( ) 555-0248

(000) AAA-AAAA

(206) 555-TELE

#999

20
2000

>L????L?000L0

GREENGR339M3
MAY R 452B7

>L0L 0L0

T2F 8M4

00000-9999

9811598115-3007

>L<??????????????

Maria
Brendan

SSN 000-00-0000

SSN 555-55-5555

>LL00000-0000

DB51392-0493

TEXTBOX.VALIDATIONRULE PROPERTY (REGRA DE VALIDAO)

You can use the ValidationRule property to specify requirements for data entered into a record, field, or control. When data is
entered that violates the ValidationRule setting, you can use the ValidationText property to specify the message to be
displayed to the user. Read/write String.

Syntax

expression.ValidationRule
expression A variable that represents a TextBox object.

Remarks

Enter an expression for the ValidationRule property setting and text for the ValidationText property setting. The maximum
length for the ValidationRule property setting is 2048 characters. The maximum length for the ValidationText property setting
is 255 characters.
For controls, you can set the ValidationRule property to any valid expression. For field and record validation rules, the expression
can't contain user-defined functions, domain aggregate or aggregate functions, the Eval function, or CurrentUser method, or
references to forms, queries, or tables. In addition, field validation rules can't contain references to other fields. For records,
expressions can include references to fields in that table.
For table fields and records, you can also set these properties in Visual Basic by using the DAO ValidationRule property.
Microsoft Access automatically validates values based on a field's data type; for example, Microsoft Access doesn't allow text in a
numeric field. You can set rules that are more specific by using the ValidationRule property.
If you set the ValidationRule property but not the ValidationText property, Microsoft Access displays a standard error message
when the validation rule is violated. If you set the ValidationText property, the text you enter is displayed as the error message.
For example, when a record is added for a new employee, you can enter a ValidationRule property requiring that the value in the
employee's StartDate field fall between the company's founding date and the current date. If the date entered isn't in this range,
you can display the ValidationText property message: "Start date is incorrect."
If you create a control by dragging a field from the field list, the field's validation rule remains in effect, although it isn't displayed
in the control's ValidationRule property box in the property sheet. This is because a field's validation rule is inherited by a control
bound to that field.
Control, field, and record validation rules are applied as follows:

Validation rules you set for fields and controls are applied when you edit the data and the focus leaves the field or
control.
Validation rules for records are applied when you move to another record.
If you create validation rules for both a field and a control bound to the field, both validation rules are applied when you
edit data and the focus leaves the control.
The following table contains expression examples for the ValidationRule and ValidationText properties.
ValidationRule property

ValidationText property

<> 0

Entry must be a nonzero value.

> 1000 Or Is Null

Entry must be blank or greater than 1000.

Like "A????"

Entry must be 5 characters and begin with the letter "A".

>= #1/1/96# And <#1/1/97#

Entry must be a date in 1996.

DLookup("CustomerID", "Customers", "CustomerID =

Forms!Customers!CustomerID") Is Null

Entry must be a unique CustomerID (domain aggregate functions are

allowed only for form-level validation).

If you create a validation rule for a field, Microsoft Access doesn't normally allow a Null value to be stored in the field. If you want
to allow a Null value, add "Is Null" to the validation rule, as in "<> 8 Or Is Null" and make sure the Required property is set to
No.
You can't set field or record validation rules for tables created outside Microsoft Access (for example, dBASE, Paradox, or SQL
Server). For these kinds of tables, you can create validation rules for controls only.

TEXTBOX.VALIDATIONTEXT PROPERTY (TEXTO DE VALIDAO)

Use the ValidationText property to specify a message to be displayed to the user when data is entered that violates a
ValidationRule setting for a record, field, or control. Read/write String.The following table contains expression examples for the
ValidationRule and ValidationText properties.
ValidationRule property

ValidationText property

<> 0

Entry must be a nonzero value.

> 1000 Or Is Null

Entry must be blank or greater than 1000.

Like "A????"

Entry must be 5 characters and begin with the letter "A".

>= #1/1/96# And <#1/1/97#

Entry must be a date in 1996.

DLookup("CustomerID", "Customers", "CustomerID =

Forms!Customers!CustomerID") Is Null

Entry must be a unique CustomerID (domain aggregate functions are

allowed only for form-level validation).

REQUIRED PROPERTY (NECESSRIO)

You can use the Required property to specify whether a value is required in a field. If this property is set to Yes, when you enter
data in a record, you must enter a value in the field or in any control bound to the field, and the value cannot be Null. For
example, you might want to be sure that a LastName control has a value for each record. When you want to permit Null values in
a field, you must not only set the Required property to No but, if there is a ValidationRule property setting, it must also
explicitly state "validationrule Or Is Null".
Note
The Required property doesn't apply to AutoNumber fields.

Setting

The Required property uses the following settings.

Setting

Visual Basic

Description

Yes

True (1)

The field requires a value.

No

False (0)

(Default) The field doesn't require a value.