Clculo Numrico

MAT - UnB
27 de Setembro de 2000

Prof. Jorge C. Lucero

Sistemas Lineares # 2

Fatorao LU
1. Decompor as seguintes matrizes em uma matriz triangular superior U e uma triangular
inferior L aplicando a Fatorao LU (sem pivoteamento).

2 1 1
(a) 3 3 9
3 3 5

2 1.5 3
0
2
(b) 1
4 4.5 5

1.012 2.132 3.104

(c) 2.132 4.096 7.013
3.104 7.013 0.014

3.107 2.101
0
1.213 2.101
(d) 0
0
0
2.179

2 0
0 0
1 1.5 0 0

(e)
0 3 0.5 0
2 2 1 1

2.1756
4.0231 2.1732 5.1967
4.0231 6.0000
0
1.1973

(f)

1.0000 5.2107 1.1111

0
6.0235
7.0000
0
4.1561
2. Para as seguintes matrizes, determine uma matriz triangular inferior L, uma matriz triangular superior U , e uma matriz de permutao P , tais que P A = LU .

0 2
3
(a) A = 1 1 1
0 1 1

1 2 1
3
(b) A = 1 2
2 1 4

1
1
0
3
2
1 1 1

(c) A =
1 2
3 1
3 1 1 2
1

1 2 3 0
1 2 3 1

(d) A =
1 2 2 2
2 1 3 1
3. Resolva os seguintes sistemas lineares pela Fatorao LU, se possvel. Permute linhas se
for necessrio.

x1 x2 + 3x3 = 2
3x1 3x2 + x3 = 1
(a)

x1 + x 2
= 3

x2 + 4x3 =
0

x1 x2 x3 = 0.375
(b)

x1 x2 + 2x3 =
0

2x1 1.5x2 + 3x3 = 1

+ 2x3 = 3
x1
(c)

4x1 4.5x2 + 5x3 = 1

2x1 x2 + x3 = 1
3x1 + 3x2 + 9x3 =
0
(d)

4
3x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 =

2x1
=
3

x1 + 1.5x2
=
4.5
(e)
3x2 + 0.5x3
= 6.6

2x1
2x2 +
x3 + x4 =
0.8

= 4

x1 0.5x2 + x3

2x1
x2 x3 + x4 = 5
(f)
x1 +
x2
= 2

x1 0.5x2 + x3 + x4 = 5

+ x4 =
2

x1 + x 2

2x1 + x2 x3 + x4 =
1
(g)
4x1 x2 2x3 + 2x4 =
0

3x1 x2 x3 + 2x4 = 3

x1 + x 2
+ x4 =
2

2x1 + x2 x3 + x4 =
1
(h)
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 x4 =
4

3x1 x2 x3 + 2x4 = 3
4. Repetir o exerccio (3) com pivoteamento parcial.

Mtodos Iterativos
1. Qual dos seguintes sistemas lineares satisfaz o Critrio das Linhas?

3x1 x2 + x3 = 1
3x1 + 6x2 + 2x3 = 0
(a)

3x1 + 3x2 + 7x3 = 4

2


x2
= 9
10x1
x1 + 10x2 2x3 = 7
(b)

2x2 + 10x3 = 6

2x1
2x2 +
x3 + x4 =
0.8

3x2 + 0.5x3 + x4 = 6.6

(c)
5x3 x4 =
4.5

3
2x4 =

10x1 +
x2 2x3
=
6

x1 + 10x2 x3 + 3x4 =
25
(d)

x
+
8x

x
=
11
2x

1
2
3
4

3x2 x3 + 5x4 = 11

2x1 + x2 x3 + x4 = 4

x1 2x2 + x3 2x4 = 5
(e)
2x
x4 = 6

1 + 2x2 + 5x3

x1 x2 + x3 + 4x4 = 7

4x1 + x2 + x3
+ x5 = 6

= 6
x1 3x2 + x3 + x4
2x1 + x2 + 5x3 x4 x5 = 6
(f)

x1 x2 x3 + 4x4
= 6

2x2 x3 + x4 + 4x5 = 6

4x1 + x2 x3 + x4 = 2

x1 + 4x2 x3 x4 = 1
(g)
x1 x2 + 5x3 + x4 =
0

x1 x2 + x3 + 3x4 =
1

4x1
x2
x4

x
+
4x

x
x5

1
2
3

x2 + 4x3
x6
(h)
x
+
4x

1
4
5

x
+
4x
x6

2
4
5

x3
x5 + 4x6

=
0
=
5
=
0
=
6
= 2
=
6

2. Resolva os sistemas lineares do exerccio (5) pelo Mtodo de Gauss-Jacobi, se possvel,

com preciso < 103 .
3. Qual dos sistemas lineares do exerccio (5) satisfaz o Critrio de Sassenfeld?
4. Resolva os sistemas lineares do exerccio (5) pelo Mtodo de Gauss-Seidel, se possvel,
com preciso < 103 .

Respostas
Fatorao LU
1.

1 0 0
2 1 1
(a) L = 1.5 1 0 , U = 0 4.5 7.5
1.5 1 1
0 0 4
3

1
0 0
(b) L = 0.5 1 0 , U =
2
2 1

1
0

1
(c) L = 2.106719
3.067193
1.19776

1.012
2.132

0
0.3955249
eU =
0
0

2 1.5 3
0 0.75 3.5
0
0
8

0
0 ,
1

3.104
0.4737443
8.939133

(d) L = I, U = matriz original

1
0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0.5

1
0 0
, U = 0 1.5 0 0
(e) L =
0

2
1 0
0 0 0.5 0
1 1.33333 2 1
0 0
0 1

1
0
0
0
1.849190
1
0
0
,
(f) L =
0.4596433 0.2501219
1
0
2.768661 0.3079435 5.35229 1

2.175600 4.023099 2.173199 5.196700

0
13.43947 4.018660 10.80698

U =

0
0
0.8929510 5.091692
0
0
0
12.03614

1
0
0
1 1 1
0 1 0
1
0 ,U = 0 2 3 ,P = 1 0 0
2. (a) L = 0
0 0.5 1
0 0 2.5
0 0 1

1 0 0
1 2 1
1 0 0
(b) L = 2 1 0 , U = 0 5 6 , P = 0 0 1
1 0 1
0 0
4
0 1 0

1 0 0
1 1
0
3
1
0 0 0

2
1 0 0
0 1 1 5
0 1 0
(c) L =
,U =
,P =
0 0 0
3
0 0
4 1 0
3
13
0 0 1
0 0
0 13
1 3 0 1

1 0 0 0
1 2 3
0
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 0

, U = 0 5 3 1 , P = 0 0 0 1
(d) L =
1 0 1 0
0 0 1 2
0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1
0 0
0
1
0 1 0 0
3.

(a) x1 = 1.1875, x2 = 1.8125, x3 = 0.875

(b) x1 = 0.75, x2 = 0.5, x3 = 0.125
(c) x1 = 1, x2 = 0, x3 = 1
(d) x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 1
(e) x1 = 1.5, x2 = 2, x3 = 1.2, x4 = 3
(f) x1 = 2.4444, x2 = 0.44444, x3 = 1.3333, x4 = 1
(g) no existe soluo
4

0
0

1
0

(h) x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 0, x4 = 1
4. Ver respostas para o exerccio (3)

Mtodos Iterativos
1.

(a) garante convergncia

(b) garante convergncia
(c) no garante convergncia
(d) garante convergncia
(e) no garante convergncia
(f) no garante convergncia
(g) no garante convergncia
(h) garante convergncia

2.

(a) x1 = 0.035, x2 = 0.236, x3 = 0.657

(b) x1 = 0.995, x2 = 0.957, x3 = 0.791
(c) x1 = 1.950, x2 = 2.900, x3 = 1.500
(d) x1 = 0.082, x2 = 3.789, x3 = 1.519, x4 = 4.777
(e) no converge
(f) x1 = 0.787, x2 = 1.003, x3 = 1.866, x4 = 1.912, x5 = 1.985
(g) x1 = 0.752, x2 = 0.040, x3 = 0.280, x4 = 0.691
(h) x1 = 0.999, x2 = 1.999, x3 = 0.999, x4 = 1.999, x5 = 0.999, x6 = 1.999
Nota: Os resultados acima foram obtidos a partir da aproximao inicial x 0 = 0.

3.

(a) garante convergncia

(b) garante convergncia
(c) no garante convergncia
(d) garante convergncia
(e) no garante convergncia
(f) garante convergncia
(g) garante convergncia
(h) garante convergncia

4. Ver respostas para o exerccio (2)