História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez.

2012

UMA HISTÓRIA DA ODONTOLOGIA NO BRASIL

Wander Pereira1

RESUMO !"#$%!$%&!'(&(!()*%$+,(!-.-/+#-0!(!1%0'20#(!3+#$40+'(!
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autônomo da ciência.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:!J+#$40+-9!65(.$(/(7+-9!".#+.(9

ABSTRACT: K3+#!-+&#!$(!-.-/L=%!$3%!3+#$(0+'-/!)-'M70(2.5!(<!
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KEYWORDS: History. Dentistry. Education.

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

Apresentação

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1. A arte de cuidar dos dentes

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

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último recurso.

S]`Pa:!b!c!F%.$+#$-!-&)2/-.$%B!bdef

Fonte: MIARNAU. Historia anecdótca de la Odotologia: através del

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Temos registros do cuidado com a dentição desde a

Antiguidade. Acredita-se que a primeira menção sobre o
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e! S:PiJ:aFB!Pierre. Le chirurgien dentiste ou traité des dents. 1728.

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

Tais estudos sobre a arte de cuidar dos dentes eram

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Decreto de 2 de abril de 1808. Estabelece uma cadeira de Anatomia no
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ago. 2011.
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:!-$+,+5-5%!&U5+'-!.%&!#%&10%!('(00%2!-!1-0$+0!5%!2&-!<(0&-C>(!
%#1%'+-/+=-5-9!:$U! blglB! .(! 80-#+/B! (#! '2+5-5(#! '(&! -! #-E5%! %!
as estratégias de cura eram atividades partilhadas por diversos
#2*%+$(#B!<G#+'(#B!'+0207+D%#B!'20+(#(#!%!<%+$+'%+0(#9!i-5-!2&!5%/%#!
0%'(00+-!-!2&!'(.*2.$(!5%!%A1%0+X.'+-#!5+<%0%.'+-5-#922

:!<-/$-!5%!10(@##+(.-+#!3-)+/+$-5(#!%!-#!+.E&%0-#!5+@'2/5-5%#!
5%! -'%##(! -(! '(.3%'+&%.$(! $U'.+'(R'+%.$G<+'(! <+=%0-&! '(&!

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;2%! -! 65(.$(/(7+-! .%##%! 1%0G(5(! <(##%! %A%0'+5-! 1(0! /%+7(#B!

10+.'+1-/&%.$%!)-0)%+0(#B!'(.<(0&%!5%#$-'(2!`(.50-

:!&%5+'+.-!.(!80-#+/B!%&!#%2!+.G'+(B!-)0-.7%!-!J+#$40+-!5%!$(5-#!
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,(/$-5-#!1-0-!-!'20-!10(10+-&%.$%!5+$-B!('(00+5-#!5%#5%!(!+.G'+(!
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%!H!10%'?0+-!'/G.+'-!5(#!<G#+'(#B!'+0207+D%#!-10(,-5(#B!'+0207+D%#R
)-0)%+0(#B! -10%.5+=%#B! #-.70-5(0%#B! )($+'?0+(#B! '20-.5%+0(#B!
1-*U#B!1-50%#!*%#2G$-#B!<%+$+'%+0(#B!'20+(#(#!%!(2$0-#!5%.(&+.-CD%#!
atribuídas aos ativistas da época.23

Z%##%!&(&%.$(B!1(5%&R#%!1%0'%)%0!-/72&-#!#+&+/-0+5-5%#!
%.$0%!-#!5+@'2/5-5%#!5-!I%5+'+.-!%!5-!65(.$(/(7+-B!10+.'+1-/&%.$%!
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-(#! '20#(#! 5%! I%5+'+.-9! "##-! <-#%! 5-! 65(.$(/(7+-! 1(5%! #%0!
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23
! `6ZFa:B!n(#U!`(.C-/,%#B!(19!'+$9B!19!ek9
24
! n(#%!I-0$+.#!5-!i02=!n()+&B!2&!5(#!<2.5-5(0%#!5-!:'-5%&+-!Z-'+(.-/!5%!
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1%0;2+0+C>(!'+%.$G@'-!%!.-#!'-&1-.3-#!#-.+$?0+-#B!.-!-5&+.+#$0-C>(!1E)/+'-!
e na tribuna parlamentar.
25
! I:]"{Yu]B!Z%N$(.!I-$(70(##%.#%9!Z9!IG5+-!%&!iFRa6I!#()0%!-!3+#$40+-!
5-!65(.$(/(7+-B!.>(!1-7+.-5(9!I2#%2!5-!:869!O09B!:'-5%&+-B!bkkk9

160
 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

Z%##-!U1('-!.>(!%A+#$+-!(!0%'20#(!5-!-.%#$%#+-q!#%.5(!-##+&B!
%0-! &2+$(! +&1(0$-.$%! -! 0%-/+=-C>(! 0?1+5-! 5(#! 10('%5+&%.$(#!
'+0E07+'(#!1-0-!;2%!-!%A1(#+C>(!H!5(0!<(##%!(!&-+#!)0%,%!1(##G,%/9!
F%##-!&-.%+0-B!(#!)-0)%+0(#!%0-&!'(.<2.5+5(#!'(&!(#!'+0207+D%#B!
1(0;2%! 5%$+.3-&! (#! +.#$02&%.$(#! &-+#! -@-5(#B! <-'+/+$-.5(! -!
0%-/+=-C>(!5%!'+0207+-#!5%!<(0&-!0?1+5-9!6!p2-50(!b!-10%#%.$-!
uma relação de ativistas da Medicina e de suas atividades no
século XIX.

QUADRO 1 - Ativistas da Medicina e suas atividades

Ativistas da Medicina Atividades

Médicos da época que ocupavam os car-

SG#+'(#!(2!m+'%.'+-5(# 7(#!5%!<G#+'(#!5-!i(0(-B!5(!Y%.-5(B!5-!
iQ&-0-B!5(!V1-0$+5(W!%!5-!$0(1-9

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.(! %.$-.$(! 10-$+'-,-&! $(5-! &%5+'+.-B!
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5-5-!-!%#'-##%=!5(#!<G#+'(#9

Y2)&%$+-&R#%!-!%A-&%#!1-0-!(#!-$(#!5%!
#-.70+-B!#-0*-C>(B!-1/+'-C>(!5%!,%.$(#-#!
8-0)%+0(#
e arrancamento dos dentes. Arvoravam-se
%&!&U5+'(#B!;2-.5(!1(5+-&9

:10%.5+=%#! 5%! )-0)%+0(#! %! '+0207+D%#- O0-$+'-,-&! -! &%5+'+.-! %&! <2.C>(! 5-!

-barbeiros +.%A+#$X.'+-!5%!10(@##+(.-+#!3-)+/+$-5(#9

O0-$+'-,-&! -! &%5+'+.-! %&! <2.C>(! 5-!

8($+'?0+(#!%!#%2#!-10%.5+=%#
+.%A+#$X.'+-!5%!10(@##+(.-+#!3-)+/+$-5(#9

S(.$% !`6ZFa:B!(19!'+$9B!19!fr9

161
 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

:.-/+#-.5(!(!pP:Fa6!bB!1(5%R#%!+.<%0+0!;2%!-!.%'%##+5-5%!
de cuidados com prevenção e tratamento de doenças gerava a
+&10(,+#-C>(!5%!#2*%+$(#!;2%!#%!5+#12.3-&!-!%A%0'%0!-$+,+5-5%#!
&U5+'-#B!%.$0%!%/%#!(#!<G#+'(#B!(#!-/7%)0+#$-#B!(#!)-0)%+0(#B!(#!
'20-.5%+0(#!%!(#!)($+'?0+(#9!:!+.%A+#$X.'+-!5%!1%##(-#!3-)+/+$-5-#!
<(0C-,-!-!2$+/+=-C>(!5%!,?0+(#!$+1(#!10(@##+(.-+#!;2%!%A%0'+-&!-!
<2.C>(!5%!$0-)-/3-5(0%#!5-!#-E5%!%B!5%!<(0&-!%#1%'G@'-B!.-#!
5(%.C-#!5%.$?0+-#9
:!65(.$(/(7+-!%0-!'(.#+5%0-5-!2&-!-0$%B!#%.5(!0%-/+=-5(#!
,%05-5%+0(#! %#1%$?'2/(#! %&! 10-C-! 1E)/+'-! 1(0! 1%##(-#! #%&! (!
'(.3%'+&%.$(!$U'.+'(R'+%.$G@'(B!(!;2%!'(.$0+)2G-!1-0-!(!5%#'0U5+$(!
5-! 10(@##>(9! Z-! U1('-B! (#! 10(@##+(.-+#! %0-&! 5%.(&+.-5(#!
cirurgião-barbeiro.
:!i+0207+-!`%0-/!<(+!%.7/()-5-!1%/-!I%5+'+.-!%!-!65(.$(/(7+-!
#%1-0(2R#%! 5%/-B! #%72+.5(! '(&(! '20#(! +.5%1%.5%.$%9! Z-!
0%-/+5-5%B! +##(! ('(00%2! -1%.-#! %&! -/72.#! 1-G#%#B! 1(+#! %&!
&2+$(#! (2$0(#! /('-+#! 5(! &2.5(! -! 65(.$(/(7+-! -+.5-! U! 2&-!
subespecialidade da Medicina.
6! ;2-50(! 5%! 10(@##+(.-+#! 5-! #-E5%B! <%+$(! 1(0! /%+7(#B! 1(0!
1%##(-#!'(&!-#!&-+#!5+,%0#-#!<(0&-CD%#B!.>(!%0-!%A'/2#+,+5-5%!
5-!65(.$(/(7+-9!Z-!,%05-5%B!-!#-E5%!%&!7%0-/!%0-!5(&+.-5-!1(0!
/%+7(#!%&!$(5-!-!'(/o.+-!-$U!(!#U'2/(![][B!1%/-!10410+-!-2#X.'+-!
5%!1%##(-/!;2-/+@'-5(!1-0-!%A%0'%0!$-+#!<2.CD%#9!
:(! -.-/+#-0! -#! +.#$+$2+CD%#! 5%! #-E5%! %! -#! 1%##(-#! ;2%! #%!
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:! %A+#$X.'+-! 5%##-#! +.#$+$2+CD%#! <(+! &-0'-5-! 1(0! 2&! ;2-50(! 5%!

1%.E0+-!5%!&%+(#!5%!#2)#+#$X.'+-B!%#'-##%=!5%!&%5+'-&%.$(#!%!
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2&! 5%14#+$(! 5%! 5(%.$%#B! <2.'+(.-.5(! '(&(! 10410+-! -.$%'Q&-0-!
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'-0-'$%0G#$+'-#!5+#$+.$-#B!&-+#!(2!&%.(#!%#1%'+-/+=-5(#B!$-&)U&!
5%#%.,(/,%0-&!10?$+'-#!&U5+'-#926

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F+.+=!cB +.+'+(2R#%!-!%A+7X.'+-B!-(#!10-$+'-.$%#!5-!V-0$%!5%.$?0+-WB!
5%! #2)&%$%0%&R#%! -! 2&-! 10(,-! 0%-/+=-5-! 1(0! 2&-! n2.$-! 5%!
O0(<%##(0%#!5%!I%5+'+.-B!5-#!'-5%+0-#!5%!:.-$(&+-B!i+0207+-!(2!
S+#+(/(7+-!%!J+7+%.%9!O-##(2R#%!-!%A+7+0!-!0%-/+=-C>(!5%!2&-!10(,-!
(0-/!%!2&-!10(,-!10?$+'-9!:!10(,-!(0-/!%0-!)-#+'-&%.$%!#()0%!(#!
(##(#!5-!<-'%B!%!-!10?$+'-!'(.#+#$+-!%&!0%-/+=-0!2&-!%A(5(.$+-!c!
%A$0-C>(!(2!0%&(C>(!5%!2&!%/%&%.$(!5%.$?0+(!c %&!2&!'-5?,%0!
%&!5%'E)+$(!5(0#-/B!(2!#%*-B!5%+$-5(!'(&!(!,%.$0%!1-0-!'+&-!%!
&2+$-#!,%=%#!*?!'(&!0+7+5%=!'-5-,U0+'-9!F%##-!<(0&-B!+.+'+(2R#%!
2&-!$%.$-$+,-!5%!#%1-0-0!(#!10?$+'(#!5(#!5%.$+#$-#!5+1/(&-5(#q!
-1%#-0!5%!#21%0@'+-/!%!1(2'(!%@'+%.$%B!$-/!-C>(!0%10%#%.$(2!(!
&-0'(! +.+'+-/! 1-0-! $0-C-0! 2&-! 5+<%0%.'+-C>(! %.$0%! )-0)%+0(#! %!
dentistas.
i(&!(!F%'0%$(!k9fbbB28!5%!ed!5%!(2$2)0(!5%!blljB!hg!-.(#!
-14#!-!<(0&-/+=-C>(!5(!i20#(!5%!I%5+'+.-B!(!5%!65(.$(/(7+-!<(+!
reconhecido como Curso Superior.
6!F%'0%$(!k9fbb!'0+(2!(!i20#(!5%!65(.$(/(7+-!.-#!<-'2/5-5%#!
5(!a+(!5%!n-.%+0(!%!5-!8-3+-B!-.%A(!-(!5%!I%5+'+.-B!+.#$+$2+.5(R#%!
(!'-07(!5%!10%1-0-5(0!5%!65(.$(/(7+-B!'(&(!<2.C>(!+.$%70-.$%!
5-!'-5%+0-!5%!i+0207+-9!6!'20#(!5%!65(.$(/(7+-!<2.'+(.-,-!5%!
<(0&-! -.%A-! -(! 5%! I%5+'+.-B! $%.5(! '(&(! 5('%.$%#B! %&! #2-!

27
I:]"{Yu]B!Z%N$(.!I-$(70(##%.#%9!Z9!IG5+-!%&!iFRa6I!#()0%!-!3+#$40+-!
5-!65(.$(/(7+-B!.>(!1-7+.-5(9!I2#%2!5-!:869O09B!:'-5%&+-B!bkkk9
28
! F%'0%$(! .~! k9fbbB! 5%! ed! 5%! (2$2)0(! 5%! bllj9! i0+-C>(! 5(#! '20#(#! 5%!
65(.$(/(7+-!.(!80-#+/9!F+#1(.G,%/!%& !3$$1 ttNNNe9'-&-0-97(,9)0t/%7+.t<%5t
decret/1824-1899/decreto-9311-25-outubro-1884-545070-publicacaooriginal-
56989-pe.html>. Acesso em: 1 mai. 2012.

163
 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

&-+(0+-B!&U5+'(#!%!-/72.#!5%.$+#$-#9!a%##-/$%R#%!;2%!.>(!3-,+-!
10%1-0-C>(!10?$+'-!520-.$%!(!'20#(9!6#!10(<%##(0%#!5%.$+#$-#!.>(!
$+.3-&!-2$(.(&+-!1-0-!-1/+'-0!-,-/+-C>(!-(#!-/2.(#B!1(+#!%##-#!
%0-&!0%-/+=-5-#!5%!<(0&-!%A'/2#+,-!1%/(#!5('%.$%#!&U5+'(#9
:$2-/&%.$%B!'(&%&(0-R#%!(!5+-!.-'+(.-/!5(!'+0207+>(R5%.$+#$-!
.-! 5-$-! 5%! <2.5-C>(! 5%#$%! '20#(B! ed! 5%! (2$2)0(! 5%! bllj929 A
'0+-C>(!5-!<-'2/5-5%!-.%A-!-(!'20#(!5%!I%5+'+.-!$(0.(2R#%!2&!
&-0'(!1-0-!-!65(.$(/(7+-!)0-#+/%+0-9
O(0! 5%$%0&+.-C>(! 5(! :0$+7(! lz! 5(! F%'0%$(! k9fbbB! <+'(2!
5%@.+5(!;2%!(!'20#(!5%!65(.$(/(7+-!$%0+-!$0X#!-.(#!5%!520-C>(9!
:#!5+#'+1/+.-#!#%0+-&!5+#$0+)2G5-#!5-!#%72+.$%!<(0&- !

No primeiro ano deveriam constar:

€SG#+'-!"/%&%.$-0B!
€p2G&+'-!I+.%0-/B!%!"/%&%.$-0B!
€:.-$(&+-!F%#'0+$+,-B
€K(1(70-@-!5-!S-'%q
6!#%72.5(!-.(!#%0+-&!'(.$%&1/-5-#!-#!#%72+.$%#!&-$U0+-#
€J+#$(/(7+-!F%.$?0+-B!
€S+#+(/(7+-!F%.$?0+-B
€O-$(/(7+-!F%.$?0+-B
€J+7+%.%!5-!8('-q
"B!@.-/&%.$%B!(!$%0'%+0(!-.(!'(.#$-0+-!5%!2&-!E.+'-!5+#'+1/+.-
€K%0-1X2$+'-!F%.$?0+-9

i(.<(0&%! ()#%0,-5(B! .>(! %0-&! ()0+7-$40+-#! 5+#'+1/+.-#!

'/G.+'-#B!.%&!%0-&!'(.$%&1/-5-#!&-$U0+-#!5%!<(0&-C>(!$%40+'(R
10?$+'-9! S(+! .%'%##?0+(! -/$%0-0! (! %#$-$2$(! 5-#! <-'2/5-5%#! 5%!
I%5+'+.-!1-0-!1(##+)+/+$-0!-!'0+-C>(!5%!'20#(#!5%!65(.$(/(7+-

@'(2!'(.3%'+5-!1%/(!.(&%!5%!a%<(0&-!Y-)(+-B!5%,+5(!H!-$2-C>(!5(!
%.$>(!5+0%$(0!5-!S-'2/5-5%!5%!I%5+'+.-!5(!a+(!5%!n-.%+0(B!\+'%.$%!

29
Esta data foi instituída como o Dia da Saúde Dentária, pela Lei nº 3.504, de
24 de dezembro de 1958. Mais recentemente foi criado também em 25 de
outubro o dia Nacional da Saúde Bucal também no dia 25 de outubro, pela
Lei nº 10.465, de 27 de maio de 2002.

164
 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

Cândido Figueira de Saboia (1881-1889). Cada Faculdade deveria

ministrar um curso de Ciências Médicas e Cirúrgicas e mais três
'20#(#!-.%A(#B!(!5%!S-0&?'+-B!-+.5-!%&!$0X#!-.(#B!(!5%!6)#$%$0G'+-!
%!`+.%'(/(7+-B!%&!5(+#!-.(#B!%!(!5%!65(.$(/(7+-!%&!$0X#!-.(#930

6! -/2.(! <(0&-5(! 1%/(! i20#(! 5%! 65(.$(/(7+-! -.%A(! H#!

<-'2/5-5%#!5%!I%5+'+.-!5(!a+(!5%!n-.%+0(!%!5-!8-3+-!0%'%)+-!(!
$G$2/(!5%!5%.$+#$-B!-1%#-0!5%!.>(!$%0!#%2!5+1/(&-!-##+.-5(9!:##+&B!
(!80-#+/!1-##(2!-!<(0&-0!#%2#!10410+(#!5%.$+#$-#9
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31
# >%6*%2)#;?#@5ABCD#$%#@C#$%#)+2+8*)#$%#@EF@5#Reforma Educacional Ministro
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33
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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

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34

Maximiliano Pereira dos Santos.#>:"3);G9%(#%./#01223/44'''5(%H.(5I)958*4+*;4+*

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35

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

L*25#@EE5#L"#.!2R*:!"#6);"2!;2%"#$)# +*")#$%#&$);2)()I:!#"T)#!"#
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Therapeutica dentaria.
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seguintes termos:

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sendo nelle observada a seguinte seriação:
Primeira série
Anatomia descriptiva (em particular da cabeça).
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Physiologia.
Pathologia geral e anatomia pathologica.
Segunda série
(:;:6!#)$);2)(UI:6!5#
V%61;:6!#)$);2)(UI:6!5#
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Hygiene geral (em particular da bocca).36

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36
# &35#6:25D#Reforma Educacional Ministro Carlos Maximiliano Pereira dos Santos.
37
# iYLjZhYjD#b5#%2#!(5#Educação brasileira e colégios de padres. São Paulo:
k%*$%*D#@FFO5

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

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sempre lugares novos.39

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

anos depois ocorreria a publicação do Decreto de regulamentação

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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

pacientes resultou na utilização dos préstimos laborais do dentista

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passou a ser abominada por representantes dos dentistas
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a probabilidade de causar mazelas aos pacientes. Apresenta um
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 História e Perspectivas, Uberlândia (47): 147-173, jul./dez. 2012

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menos uma das t*_"#%;2*%#%(!"#$%#[%$:6:;!D#>:*%:2)D#Y;I%;1!*:!D#
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no currículo do curso podem ser assim descritos:

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!2%;$:$!D#$%""%#.)$)D#!"#%H:I_;6:!"#$!#3*X2:6!#3*)7"":);!(D#6+<!"#
tendências se acentuavam no sentido crescente especialização.46

L#*%=)*.!#]*!;6:"6)# !.3)"#!.3(:)+#)#%;":;)#2%U*:6)J3*X2:6)#
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%# !# &$);2)3%$:!2*:!# $%"2!6!9!.J"%# 6).)# %"3%6:!(:$!$%"# ;)#
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# ]yaYW&D#[!*:!#$%#Z)+*$%"#$%#L(8+`+%*`+%5#Universidade e poder análise
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p. 147.

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Com %""!# (%:# =%$%*!(D# 2%;2)+J"%# (:.:2!*# )# %H%*6G6:)# $!#

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ocorridas desde o período colonial até os dias atuais.
Para minorar a dor dos dentes cariados era utilizado qualquer
.R2)$)D#:;$)#$%"$%#8%;,%$+*!"#%#*%,!"#!2R#l.%$:6!.%;2)"m#%#
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ramo do conhecimento e desenvolvimento da especialização
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Recebido em: 14/3/2012

Aprovado em: 9/5/2012

173