Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Tomate y Pepino PDF
Tomate y Pepino PDF
A new method for estimating the leaf area index of cucumber and tomato plants. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 21,
n. 4, p. 666-669, outubro/dezembro 2003.
A new method for estimating the leaf area index of cucumber and
tomato plants
Flávio Favaro Blanco; Marcos Vinícius Folegatti
ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C. Postal 09, 13418-900 Piracicaba–SP; E-mail: ffblanco@carpa.ciagri.usp.br
ABSTRACT RESUMO
Non-destructive methods of leaf area measurement are useful Um novo método para estimar o índice de área foliar de
for small plant populations, such as experiments with potted plants, plantas de pepino e tomate
and allow the measurement of the same plant several times during Métodos não destrutivos para a medição da área foliar são úteis
the growing period. A methodology was developed to estimate the para pequena população de plantas, como experimentos com plan-
leaf area index (LAI) of cucumber and tomato plants through the tas conduzidas em vasos, e permitem que a mesma planta seja medi-
evaluation of the leaf area distribution pattern (LADP) of the plants da várias vezes durante o período de cultivo. O objetivo desse traba-
and the relative height of the leaves in the plants. Plant and leaf lho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para a estimativa do índice de
height, as well as the length and width of all leaves were measured área foliar (IAF) do pepino e do tomate pela determinação do pa-
and the area of some leaves was determined by a digital area meter. drão de distribuição de área foliar (PDAF) das plantas e da altura
The obtained regression equations were used to estimate the leaf relativa da folha que representa a área foliar média da planta. A altu-
area for all relative heights along the plant. The LADP adjusted to a ra da planta e da folha, assim como o comprimento e a largura de
quadratic model for both crops and LAI were estimated by measuring todas as folhas, foram medidos e algumas folhas tiveram sua área
the length and width of the leaves located at the relative heights determinada por um medidor digital de área foliar. As equações de
representing the mean leaf area of the plants. The LAI estimations regressão obtidas foram utilizadas para estimar a área foliar para
presented high precision and accuracy when the proposed todas as alturas relativas ao longo da planta. O PDAF ajustou-se a
methodology was used resulting in time and effort savings and being um modelo quadrático para ambas as culturas e o IAF foi estimado
useful for both crops. através de medidas do comprimento e da largura das folhas localiza-
das nas alturas relativas que representavam a área foliar média das
plantas. As estimativas do IAF pela metodologia proposta apresen-
taram alta precisão e exatidão, sendo que a metodologia promove
economia de tempo e esforço na determinação do IAF e pode ser
utilizada com sucesso para ambas as culturas.
Keywords: Cucumis sativus L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Palavras-chave: Cucumis sativus L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.,
greenhouse, leaf area index. ambiente protegido, índice de área foliar.
Table 1. Relationships between leaf length (L), width (W), LxW, and total leaf area for cucumber and tomato in each season. Piracicaba,
ESALQ/USP, 1999/2001.
opening, 10 m wide and 20 m long and leaf area meter. Length was measured height greenhouse covered with
covered with a polyethylene film of 0.15 from lamina tip to the point of polyethylene film, of 0.15 mm thickness
mm thickness was used. The lateral intersection of the lamina and petiole located in the same area used for the
curtains were closed at night and opened and width were measured from tip to tip second cucumber season. The laterals
during the day greenhouse was located between the widest lamina lobes (Figure did not have curtains but an anti-aphid
in a experimental area of the Universidade 1A). The relative leaf area (RLA) was screen to avoid the action of vectors of
de São Paulo, Piracicaba city, Brazil. calculated by dividing the area of each viral diseases. Plants were transplanted
Cucumber seedlings, cv. Hokushin, were leaf by the mean leaf area of the plant on 23th October, 2001, on pots containing
transplanted on 13th January, 1999, in four for each RLH as follows: about 60 kg of dry soil and were
beds, each one with two rows of plants, conducted with a single stem. Drip
giving a plant population of 2.5 plants m-2. irrigation frequency and amount was
Plants were trained with a single stem controlled by tensiometers installed at
along and around a vertical plastic string. 0.15 and 0.30 m depth, 0.10 m from the
Water was applied by a drip irrigation plant. Preplant fertilization was done
system, with one dripper per plant, and based on soil fertility analysis.
where RLA is the relative leaf area,
fertilizers containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fertigation with N, K and Ca followed
LA is the leaf area of a given leaf (cm2)
S were applied with the irrigation water the nutrient uptake rate of tomato
and LAM is the mean leaf area of the
in all irrigations, following the uptake rate (Fayad, 1998). Plants were spaced at 1
plant (cm2 leaf-1) given by the sum of
of cucumber in greenhouse x 0.5 m with one plant per pot and leaf
the LA of all leaves divided by the
(Papadopoulos, 1994). measurements were taken at 30 and 42
number of leaves of each plant. The
Forty days after transplanting DAT following the same criteria used
RLH was plotted against RLA in order
(DAT), five plants were selected and the for the measurements of the cucumber
to determine the leaf whose area
width (W) and length (L) of all leaves leaves (Figure 1B).
represents the mean leaf area of the
were measured with a simple ruler. In plant. To evaluate the performance of the
addition, plant height and the insertion methodology, the L and W of all leaves
In the second season, cucumber
height of the petiole from each leaf was of five plants different from those used
seedlings were grafted on squash
also obtained to calculate the relative in the model development, from each
(Cucurbita spp.), hybrid Excite-Ikki,
leaf height by the equation: crop and season were measured and, the
and cultivated in a greenhouse in the
experimental area of the Universidade areas of the leaves located at the relative
de São Paulo. The greenhouse was 6.3 heights that represented the LAM were
m wide, 17.5 m long and the lateral used to calculate the LAI by the
opening was 2.8 m height, with equation:
polyethylene cover of 0.15 m thickness.
where RLH is the relative leaf The management of the lateral curtains
height, LH is the leaf height (m), that and the plants spacing, training,
is, the distance between the soil surface irrigation and fertilization was the same
and the node corresponding to the leaf, as the first season. Seedlings were
and PH the plant height (m). In the same transplanted on 23th June, 1999, and the where N is the number of leaves in
day, leaves of different sizes were leaf measurements were performed at the plant and A the area (cm2) occupied
selected to represent the full spectrum 35 and 54 DAT. by one plant in the cropped area.
of measurable leaf sizes and their areas Tomato, hybrid Facundo, grew in a Estimated LAI was correlated to the
were measured using a LI-COR 3000 22.5 m length, 6.4 m wide and 3 m measured LAI, the sum of the areas of