Você está na página 1de 21

Aula

CENTRÓIDE, CENTRO GRAVIDADE


2
E CENTRO DE MASSA DE UM
CORPO

META
Discutir se conceitos de física podem ser mais bem compreendidos usando atividades lúdicas. Ver uma
proposta alternativa aos livros didáticos atuais. Repensar a sequência de apresentação do conteúdo
programático da física. Introduzir as grandezas físicas centro geométrico ou centróide, centro de massa
e centro de gravidade, e os conceitos de homogeneidade e simetria de um corpo material.

OBJETIVOS

%@$")*+"%"+$%,(1
adquirir uma visão crítica a respeito dos livros didáticos e compreender que existem alternativas para
eles. Ter uma visão crítica sobre a sequência com que os tópicos de física são apresentados. ter
que se pode aprender física brincando. Despertar a curiosidade dos alunos para o ensino de Física.
Fazer com que eles aprendam a achar o centróide de um corpo material e o seu centro de massa.
Fazer com que os alunos saibam fazer a distinção entre essas duas grandezas físicas. Introduzir os
conceitos de homogeneidade e simetria de um corpo.

PRÉ-REQUISITOS
Os alunos devem ter cursado as disciplinas psicologia da educação, física A e B.

mCQE=LKOOQE@Q=OI=OO=OJ=LKJP=@=O=O=O @AOHK?=J@KK?AJPNK@AI=OO=@AP=HBKNI=
MQAAH=AMQEHE>N= OAAIMQ=HMQANLKJPKKJ@AOAF=?KHK?=@KK>E?K@KLmOO=NK
%KJPADPPLL=QHKFKCKO JK O=LK LP
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

"(&#)OM#

#AIK@KCAN=H KOHERNKO@E@mPE?KO@ABsOE?=L=N=KOACQJ@KCN=QLKO
OQAIQI=AOPNQPQN=I=EOKQIAJKOL=@NoKMQAOACQAI=AOPNQPQN=@KO
HERNKOQJERANOEPmNEKO JKOMQ=EOBKIKOBKNI=@KO $OO=AOPNQPQN=q=OOEI
?KIAp=?KIKEJPNK@QpoKDEOPuNE?=@KPAI= OACQE@=LAH=PAKNE=?KIATAI
LHKOEHQOPN=PERKOOEILHAO =HCQJO=LNAOAJP=I=LHE?=pwAOEJOANE@=OAI>KTAO
APANIEJ=?KIMQAOPwAOAATAN?s?EKOL=N=KRAOPE>QH=N  LuOK/-+$,:;
=HCQJOHERNKO=LNAOAJP=I JKJ=H@K?=LsPQHK =HCQI=OATLANErJ?E=OL=N=
OANAIBAEP=OAI?=O=KQAIO=H=@A=QH= .OI=EOPN=@E?EKJ=EO=LNAOAJP=I
QINAOQIKDEOPuNE?KJ=BKNI=@A>KTAAI=HCQIHQC=NAJPNA=PAKNE=AKO
ATAN?s?EKO
$ICAN=H =PNmO@AOOALNKCN=I=LNKFAPK @AAJOEJKAOPm=CN=J@AIK
PER=poK@ALNAL=N=NKO=HQJKOL=N=KRAOPE>QH=N $ILKQ?KOIKIAJPKO Dm
=LNAK?QL=poK@AOAAJOEJ=N?KJ?AEPKO@ABsOE?= 1AOQHP=@EOPKMQA=I=EKNE=
@KO=HQJKOO=E@KAJOEJKIq@EKOAIO=>ANKMQAq=BsOE?=AMQ=H=QPEHE@=@A
@AOP= $ICAN=H =?NA@EP= OAMQABsOE?=qQI=@EO?ELHEJ=MQA=FQ@==NAOKHRAN
LNK>HAI=O AMQAJoKPAINAH=poK=HCQI=?KIK?KPE@E=JK
2AIMQANANB=VANQI==JmHEOA?KILHAP=@A?KIKOANE==?KJOPNQpoK@KHERNK
@E@mPE?K…E@A=H†OACQJ@K?KJ?ALpoK=PQ=H RAN=ONACN=O@K/-+$, R=IKOB=VAN
=MQEQI=NAŽAToKOK>NAKLNKFAPK
@K&1$%:;AOQ=LNKLKOP=@AOA
AJOEJ=NBsOE?==L=NPEN@=RERrJ?E=
@K ?KPE@E=JK @KO =HQJKO  #AOOA
IK@K MQANAIKOIKOPN=N=RK?r
MQA ATEOPAI =HCQI=O LNKLKOP=O
=HPANJ=PER=OL=N=KAJOEJK@ABsOE?=
#=J@KOAMQrJ?E==KJKOOK
LNKFAPK R=IKO=>NEN=MQAOPoK
@AMQAOANE=EJPANAOO=JPAC=OP=N
I=EOPAILKAJOEJ=J@KKPuLE?K
@A BsOE?= ‚ ?AJPNK @A I=OO= A
?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A 5=IKO@EO
?QPEN=LKOOE>EHE@=@A@AOAQO=N
ATLANErJ?E=O@ABsOE?=?KIKFK
CKOHz@E?KOA?KHK?=N=MQAOPoK
@AMQAKAJOEJK@ABsOE?=P=I
>qILK@AOAN@ERANPE@K "KIK
PAI= @A ATLANErJ?E= @A BsOE?=
R=IKOLNKLKN=HCQI=OOK>NAK
PAI=…"AJPNK@A&N=RE@=@A†
/=NPEJ@K@=OEPQ=poKAIMQAAOP=IKOAILqAJKOEJ?HEJ=IKOHECAEN=IAJPAL=N=BNAJPA EOOKB=V?KIMQAD=F=QI=PAJ@rJ?E=
@AO=ENIKO@=?KJ@EpoK@AAMQEHs>NEK  RANPE?=H@K?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@APAJ@A=O=EN@=mNA==>N=JCE@=LAHKOJKOOKOLqO 2A
J=@=BKNBAEPK KIKREIAJPK@AEJ?HEJ=poK?KJPEJQ=Nm=PqO=EN@A?KJPNKHAAAJPoK…@=NAIKO?KI=?=N=JK?DoK†
%KJPADPPLSSS IA?=PNKJE?==PQ=H ?KI >N

32
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

#$&#(#&. /

./NKFAPK@K&1$%PARAEJs?EKAI ?KILNKBAOOKNAO@=42/ MQA


2
LAN?A>AN=IMQAKAJOEJK@ABsOE?=JoKAOP=R=OAJ@K>AI=>KN@=@K REOPK
MQA=I=EKNE=@KO=HQJKOJoK=LNAJ@E==MQEHKMQAAN=PN=P=@KAIO=H=@A
=QH= .OK>FAPERKOCAN=EOAN=IIAHDKN=N=BKNI=poK@KOLNKBAOOKNAOMQA
AJOEJ=R=IBsOE?=J=NA@ALz>HE?=ALNKLE?E=N=KO=HQJKOQI==LNAJ@EV=CAI
OECJE?=PER=@AOO=?ErJ?E=
.CNQLK&1$%AN=BKNI=@K AIOAQEJs?EKLKNLNKBAOOKNAOQJERAN
OEPmNEKO@=42/ 2oKAHAO+QsO"=NHKO@A,AJAVAO 8=OOQGK'KOKQIAA
)KoK9=JAPE? ALKOPANEKNIAJPA LKNLNKBAOOKNAO@AAO?KH=Lz>HE?=@=NA@A
AOP=@Q=H@KAOP=@K@A2oK/=QHK

#%)Q#&

eQI=LNKLKOP=IAPK@KHuCE?=@EBANAJ?E=@=@KAJOEJKPN=@E?EKJ=H MQA
PEJD=?KIKK>FAPERK=QTEHE=NKOLNKBAOOKNAO@AAJOEJK@ABsOE?=J=BKNI=
poK >mOE?=  LNKIKRAJ@K BKNI=poK ?KJPEJQ=@= A LNK@QVEJ@K K I=PANE=H
@KLNKBAOOKNL=N=O=H=@A=QH=  HqI@EOOK KCNQLKB=VQI==>KN@=CAI
@EBANAJPA@=%sOE?= JKOAJPE@KMQAL=NPA@K?KPE@E=JK@K=HQJKL=N=ATLHE
?=NHAEO BAJvIAJKOAEJOPNQIAJPKO@AOO=?ErJ?E=  OOEI =%sOE?=qREOP==
L=NPEN@=BsOE?=@=O?KEO=O @EBANAJPAIAJPA@=OLNKLKOP=OPN=@E?EKJ=EO MQA
?KIAp=R=I?KI=O?KEO=O@=BsOE?=A@=R=ILKQ?= EILKNPnJ?E= L=N==O
EILHE?=pwAO@=IAOI= #AOO=BKNI= =?NA@EP=R=IMQAK=HQJKOAPKNJ=NE=
I=EOAOPEIQH=@K=MQANAN=LNAJ@ANBsOE?=AOAQ=LNAJ@EV=@KOAPKNJ=NE=I=EO
OECJE?=PERK 3=I>qILK@AIKO@EVANMQAKLNKFAPKJoKOA@AOP=?=OKIAJPA
LAH=OQ=IQ@=Jp=@E@mPE?=KQLA@=CuCE?= I=OP=I>qILAH=NAKNC=JEV=poK
@K?KJPAz@KA=PAImPE?=@AOQ==>KN@=CAIMQAkORAVAO OoKPKP=HIAJPA
@EBANAJPAO @KO HERNKO ?KJRAJ?EKJ=EO  OAILNA LNEKNEV=J@K K EJPANAOOA A =
B=IEHE=NE@=@AMQAKO=HQJKOAKLNKBAOOKNPrIOK>NAK=OOQJPK

!#(*OV'

OLAOMQEO=OEJ@E?=N=IMQAD=RE=QI@AO?KJPAJP=IAJPKJKONAOQHP=@KO
@A=LNAJ@EV=CAILAHKO=HQJKO@=OAO?KH=OLz>HE?=O@A2oK/=QHK =HCQI=O
ARE@rJ?E=OL=N=AOO=K?KNNrJ?E=BKN=I@E=CJKOPE?=@=O ?KIKLKNATAILHK
OKIAJPAREJPAA@KEOLKN?AJPK@KOLNKBAOOKNAO@A%sOE?=PrIBKNI=poKJ=
mNA=@AOO=?ErJ?E= =CN=J@AI=EKNE=PAICN=@Q=poKAI,=PAImPE?=KQAI
?ErJ?E=O AAIIAJKNLNKLKNpoK0QsIE?=A!EKHKCE= .QPNKO=LKJP=IAJPKO
OoKBAEPKJKHERNK%KNI=poK?KJPEJQ=@=@ALNKBAOOKNAO@A?ErJ?E=O‚JK
nI>EPKE>ANK =IANE?=JK L  MQAOoK
… ?NE=poK@K&1$%PARALKN>=OAQI@E=CJuOPE?KOK>NAKAJOEJK@A
%sOE?=AIJsRAH@AOACQJ@KCN=Q MQANARAHKQMQA

33
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

= CN=J@AL=NPA@KOLNKBAOOKNAO@A%sOE?=JoK@KIEJ=KO?KJDA?EIAJPKO
@=LNuLNE=%sOE?= JAILKOOQELNAL=N=poK@E@mPE?=AOLA?s?= REOPKMQA=
I=EKNL=NPA@KOLNKBAOOKNAOPAIBKNI=poKAI,=PAImPE?=KQAIKQPN=O
@EO?ELHEJ=O
> KAJOEJK@A%sOE?=J=LNmPE?=JoKLNKIKRAQI=LNAJ@EV=@KOECJE?=
PERK MQALANIEP==KAOPQ@=JPA?KILNAAJ@ANKOBAJvIAJKO KOK>FAPKO KO
=L=NAHDKOAKOB=PKOLNAOAJPAOAIOQ=RE@=?KPE@E=J=KQAIOQ==PERE@=@A
LNKOOEKJ=H
? =IAPK@KHKCE=@AAJOEJKQPEHEV=@=?KJ?A>AKO=HQJKO?KIKKQREJPAOL=O
OERKO AOP=J@KPK@==EJE?E=PER=?AJPN=@=JK@EO?QNOK@KLNKBAOOKN
@ KONA?QNOKOI=PANE=EOL=N==LNAL=N=poK@A=QH=OKQL=N==LNKBQJ@=IAJPK
AI%sOE?= @AJPNK@AQI=LANOLA?PER=@AAJOEJK?KIOECJE?=@KLNmPE?K
OoKAO?=OOKOABN=CIAJP=@KO
A  BsOE?=AN=?KIQIAJPA?KJBQJ@E@=?KIQIEJOPNQIAJP=HI=PAImPE?K †
$OO=OAN=IKOLNEJ?EL=EOIKPERKOL=N==NA=HEV=poK@KLNKFAPK  LKJ
P=IKO=HCQJOK>FAPERKOP=I>qI=LKJP=@KOJAOPALNKFAPKOoKAHAO

#(*#'

…$OO=O?KJOP=P=pwAOHAR=N=IK&1$%=AOP=>AHA?AN?KIKK>FAPERKO
LNEKNEPmNEKO
= LNKIKRAN=BKNI=poK?KJPEJQ=@=AIOANREpK@ALNKBAOOKNAO@A%sOE?=
@KOACQJ@KCN=Q
> @AOAJRKHRANQI=LNKLKOP=?QNNE?QH=N=NPE?QH=@=A?KJ?AEPQ=H MQAC=N=JP=
QIAJOEJK=PERKAOECJE?=PERK LANIEPEJ@K=KAOPQ@=JPA=?KILNAAJOoK@A
LNK?AOOKO BAJvIAJKOAB=PKO@=RE@= OAILAN@AN=REOoKCAN=H@KOBQJ@=
IAJPKOALNEJ?sLEKO@=%sOE?=
? LNK@QVENI=PANE=H@A=LKEKL=N==BKNI=poK?KJPEJQ=@=@ALNKBAOOKNAO
AI %sOE?= A AI OQ= @E@mPE?= AOLA?s?=  =OOEI ?KIK L=N= K PN=>=HDK @K
LNKBAOOKNAIO=H=@A=QH=
@ IKOPN=N=%sOE?=@K?KPE@E=JK@=J@K?KJ@EpwAO@A=?AOOK=?KILNAAJOoK
?KJ?AEPQ=H †

*'M#'')"(#'# *&##
$&#''#&
"KIK=LNKLKOP=AN=QI=EJKR=poKJ=qLK?=AIMQABKE@AOAJRKHRE@=
=KN@AI@KO=OOQJPKOMQA@ARANE=IOANPN=P=@KOAI?=@==JKP=I>qIAN=
@EBANAJPA
%sOE?=‚,A?nJE?=
/=NPA‚,KREIAJPK"KJOANR=poKA5=NE=poK
/=NPA‚"KJ@EpwAO@A$MQEHs>NEK
/=NPA‚%ANN=IAJP=OA,A?=JEOIKO

34
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

/=NPA‚#AO?NEpoK,=PAImPE?=@KO,KREIAJPKO

%sOE?=‚%sOE?=3qNIE?=AgLPE?=
2
%sOE?=3qNIE?=
/=NPA‚2Q>OPnJ?E=O /NKLNEA@=@AOA/NK?AOOKO3qNIE?KO
/=NPA‚,mMQEJ=O3qNIE?=OA/NK?AOOKO-=PQN=EO

gLPE?=
/=NPA‚/NK?AOOKO+QIEJKOKO(JPAN=poK+QV ,=PqNE=
/=NPA‚2EOPAI=OgLPE?KOMQA/KOOE>EHEP=I=5EOoK@=O"KEO=O

%sOE?=‚$HAPNKI=CJAPEOIK
/=NPA  ‚ %QOsRAEO  +nIL=@=O  "DQRAENKO A %EKO @A +EC=poK L=NAHDKO
1AOEOPERKO
/=NPA‚,KPKNAO$HqPNE?KOA(JOPNQIAJPKO@A,A@E@=O?KI/KJPAENKO
/=NPA‚#sJ=IK@A!E?E?HAP= &AN=@KN@A4OEJ= ,KPKN&AN=@KN /EHD=A
!=PANE=%KJPAO@AAJANCE=$HqPNE?=
/=NPA‚1m@EK 35 &N=R=@KNA3K?= @EO?KO$HAIAJPKO@A2EOPAI=O@A
"KIQJE?=poKA(JBKNI=poK
/=NPA‚#EK@KA3N=JOIEOOKN,=PANE=EO2AIE?KJ@QPKNAO
/=NPA‚"KILKJAJPAO$HqPNE?KOA$HAPNvJE?KO

!(## ## *&##$&#''#&

-K EJs?EK  Dm QI HAR=JP=IAJPK LNqREK @A K>FAPKO  AMQEL=IAJPKO A


BAJvIAJKO @K ?KPE@E=JK  MQA OA NAH=?EKJ=I ?KI K =OOQJPK PAuNE?K AI
MQAOPoK $IOACQE@= DmQI=@EREOoK@=MQEHKMQABKEHAR=JP=@K AICNQ
LKOA?=PACKNE=O >QO?=J@KAJQJ?E=NHAEOI=EOCAN=EOL=N=?=@=CNQLKKQ
?=PACKNE=  (OOK q BAEPK LAHK LNKBAOOKN FQJP=IAJPA ?KI OAQO =HQJKO  J=
IA@E@=AIMQAK@K?AJPAR=EFQOPE?=J@K=@EREOoK /KNATAILHKLK@A OA
=>NENQIPAI=A?KIAJP=NMQA =AHAPNE?E@=@AqAOOAJ?E=HL=N=KIK@K@A
RE@=@KDKIAIL=NPEJ@K@K@AO?KJBKNPKMQAPERAN=I?KIQI=ARAJPQ=H
B=HP=@AAHAPNE?E@=@AAIOQ=NAOE@rJ?E= $LANCQJP=NMQ=EOAMQEL=IAJPKOA
BAJvIAJKOOANAH=?EKJ=I?KI=AHAPNE?E@=@A$OP=IAPK@KHKCE=B=V?KI
MQAK=HQJK@AATAILHKO@AOAQ?KPE@E=JKMQAqKK>FAPERK@KLNKBAOOKN
B=VAJ@K K=?KIAp=N=NAŽAPEN=L=NPEN@KOAQ@E=  ATLHE?=poK?KIAp=
LKN BAJvIAJKO  KQ K>FAPKO I=EO OEILHAO  P=JPK MQ=JPK = ?KJOPNQpoK A
KLAN=poK  BKNI=J@K QI= >=OA PAuNE?= L=N= K>FAPKOBAJvIAJKO I=EO
?KILHATKO /K@A OA?KIAp=N=B=H=N@ANAOEOPrJ?E=QO=J@KQI=HnIL=@=
KQQI=MQA?A@KNAP? @ALKEO@AOQLAN=@KKOMQAOPEKJ=IAJPKO=PNE>Qs@KO
=KBQJ?EKJ=IAJPK@=HnIL=@=A@K=MQA?A@KNAP? LK@A OA@=NATAILHKO
@AOQ==LHE?=>EHE@=@AAIKQPNKO?KJPATPKOAI=EO?KILHATKO?KIK@AQI
OA?=@KN@A?=>AHKO MQAJK?=OKKOBAJvIAJKO@AIKREIAJPK?EN?QH=NFm

35
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

PEJD=IOE@K@EO?QPE@KOJKO?QNOKO=JPANEKNAO 0QAOPwAO ATAN?s?EKOALNK>


HAI=ONAOKHRE@KO =PERE@=@AO@AK>OANR=poKAATLANEIAJP=poKOoKEJ@E?=@KO=K
HKJCK@KPATPK?KIKL=NPAEJPACN=JPA@KLNKCN=I= 0Q=JPK=KOLNK>HAI=O
=>KN@=I CAN=HIAJPA OEPQ=pwAOLNmPE?=O

,!$ #) " #)&'#


!K"

>=ETK QIATAILHK@K?KJPAz@K@AIA?nJE?=AIMQAq=LNAOAJP=@=QI=
P=>AH=@ALKOOsRAEONAOLKOP=O @ALKEO@AQI==>KN@=CAIEJOPEC=@KN=@KLNKBAOOKN

%KJPA%sOE?=IA?nJE?=&1$% L 

LuOAOOAHAR=JP=IAJPK KLNKBAOOKNB=V=?H=OOE?=poK@=O?KEO=OHA
R=JP=O FQJP=IAJPA?KIKO@EO?AJPAO -AOP=KQPN=P=>AH= DmQI=LKOOsRAH
?H=OOE?=poK@AAHAIAJPKO

%KJPA%sOE?=IA?nJE?=&1$% L 

36
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

!(## ## *&##' )"#'d


()&'S'
2
(JE?E=HIAJPA  K &1$% BKE ?KJ?A>E@K REO=J@K  AJPNA KQPN=O ?KEO=O
AH=>KN=NQII=PANE=H@E@mPE?KAOLA?s?KOKIAJPAL=N=KLNKBAOOKN /KNqI
LAN?A>AQ OAMQAK@K?AJPA=?=>=R=LKN?=NIQEPKOK>NA?=NNAC=@K FmMQA
PEJD=MQALNAL=N=NI=PANE=HL=N=KO=HQJKOP=I>qI /KNEOOK BKE?NE=@K
QII=PANE=H@ENA?EKJ=@K=KO=HQJKO OAJ@KH=Jp=@KKLNEIAENKRKHQIAAI
MQAPN=P=R=@K=OOQJPK@AIA?nJE?= /KOPANEKNIAJPA BKN=I?NE=@KO
KOHERNKO@AuLPE?= PqNIE?=AAHAPNKI=CJAPEOIK
$OPAOI=PANE=EOPEJD=IPrI=OOACQEJPAO?=N=?PANsOPE?=OAI?KIL=N=poK
=KHERNK@KLNKBAOOKN
….OHERNKO@K=HQJKOoK>AIIAJKOATPAJOKO 1E?KAICQN=OAEHQOPN=pwAO
LKOOQEIQEPKOATAN?s?EKOJKJ=H@KO?=LsPQHKOAPK@=O=OLNKLKOP=O@A=PERE@=@A
MQAAOPoKJKHERNK@KLNKBAOOKN  =>KN@=CAIPAuNE?=@KOAMQEL=IAJPKOq
NmLE@= =OOEI?KIK=@AO?NEpoK@KOBAJvIAJKOBsOE?KOAJRKHRE@KO -K?KNLK
@KPATPK JoKDmJAJDQI=BKNIQH=poKI=PAImPE?=KQ=HCQIATAILHKJQ
IqNE?K 0Q=J@KOKHE?EP=@KP=HD=>EHE@=@A JKOATAN?s?EKOq@=@KQINAOL=H@K
=LNAOAJP=J@K=OBKNIQH=pwAO=JPAO@KIAOIKAAIOQ=LNuLNE=OAOOoK
.HERNK@K=HQJKOA=OOAIAHD=IQEPK=QII=JQ=H@AH=>KN=PuNEKMQ=JPK
=OQ=BKNI= KJ@A=O=PERE@=@AOAKOATAN?s?EKOLNA@KIEJ=IA=PAKNE=q
>AINmLE@= 0Q=JPK=KOAQ?KJPAz@K AHAR=E=KAJ?KJPNK@AOAQK>FAPERK
L=N=ATLHE?=N=…BsOE?=@=O?KEO=O†A?KJPEJQ=AJB=PEV=J@KAEJ?AJPER=J@KK
I=JQOAEK@KOAMQEL=IAJPKOMQA=>KN@= …

%KJPADPPLOK?N=PAO EB QOL >NW?IJFNPN=>=HDKO/NKLKOP=OA


/NKFAPKO&1$%OAIEJ=NEK @K?

#"'&OV'
eEILKNP=JPABNEO=NMQAKQPNKO=OLA?PKOJoKBKN=IPN=P=@KOAMQALK@A
NE=IOAN?KJPATPQ=HEV=@KO?KIK LKNATAILHK B=PKODEOPuNE?KO@=ARKHQpoK
@=?ErJ?E=A@KOEOPAI=LNK@QPERK
3oKEILKNP=JPAO?KIK@AOAJRKHRANP=EO=OOQJPKOOANm=LANBAEpK=N=MQAHAO
FmPN=P=@KOJ=LNAOAJPALNKLKOP= OAILNAMQAOANARAH=NAIEJ=@AMQ=@KOKQ
EJOQ?EAJPAOL=N=KOK>FAPERKOMQA?=@=LNKBAOOKNAOP=>AHA?ANJKPN=>=HDK
?KIOAQO=HQJKO

37
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

(*'

1AOLKJ@ANA@EO?QPEN&1$%
  LNKLKOP=@AOAAJOEJ=N%sOE?==L=NPEN@AK>OANR=pwAO@K?KPE@E=JK P=EO
?KIK@AQI=QPKIuRAH >E?E?HAP= ?=NNEJDK@ALEHD=AP?qI=EOEJPANAOO=JPA
 eLKOOsRAH@AOANA=HEV=NAOPALNKFAPK
 5K?rFmKQREQB=H=NJKOLNKFAPKO@AAJOEJK@KO$4 A@=(JCH=PANN=
 .MQAqAJOEJ=N%sOE?==L=NPEN@=BsOE?=@=O?KEO=O4OAKATAILHK@K
NAHuCEK@A2KH
 .MQARK?rLAJO=OK>NANAKNC=JEV=poK@K?KJPAz@KLNKLKOP=LAHK&1$%
 5K?r?KJ?KN@=MQAKAJOEJK@A%sOE?=J=LNmPE?=JoKLNKIKRAQI=LNAJ
@EV=@KOECJE?=PERK MQALANIEP==KAOPQ@=JPA?KILNAAJ@ANKOBAJvIAJKO
KOK>FAPKO KO=L=NAHDKOAKOB=PKOLNAOAJPAOAIOQ=RE@=?KPE@E=J=KQAI
OQ==PERE@=@ALNKOOEKJ=H
 5K?r?KJ?KN@=MQAKONA?QNOKOI=PANE=EOL=N==LNAL=N=poK@A=QH=OKQ
L=N==LNKBQJ@=IAJPKAI%sOE?= @AJPNK@AQI=LANOLA?PER=@AAJOEJK?KI
OECJE?=@KLNmPE?K OoKAO?=OOKOABN=CIAJP=@KO
 5K?r?KJ?KN@=MQA=%sOE?=q?KIQIAJPA?KJBQJ@E@=?KIQIEJOPNQ
IAJP=HI=PAImPE?K

"(&T"(&#!''"(&#
&*

)#(#),$&!"(#(

OK?EJ=O@A?KJOPNQpoK@AI=PANE=EOATLANEIAJP=EOPrI?KIKK>FA
PERK@=NOQLKNPA=KOLNKBAOOKNAOAIOQ=O=QH=O =QIAJP=J@KKNALANPuNEK@A
NA?QNOKO@E@mPE?KOL=N=KAJOEJK  QPEHEV=poK@AATLANEIAJPKOAIO=H=@A
=QH= OAF=?KIK?KJOPNQpoK I=JQOAEKKQ=PqIAOIK?KIK@AIKJOPN=poK
q ?KI?ANPAV= QI=BKNI=@APKNJ=N==QH=IQEPKI=EOEJPANAOO=JPA JoK
OuL=N=K=HQJK I=OP=I>qII=EOLN=VANKO=L=N=KLNKBAOOKN LKEOAOPA
LAN?A>AKAJRKHREIAJPK@K=HQJKJ=NA=HEV=poK@AOO=O=PERE@=@AO  OK?EJ=O
LKOOQAIQI?=NmPANHz@E?K KJ@AOAPAJP=LNKRK?=N=OQNLNAO=@KOL=NPE?E
L=JPAOAKEJPANAOOALAHK=?KJPA?EIAJPK@A@APANIEJ=@KBAJvIAJKBsOE?K
-KAJOEJKIq@EKAICAN=H RKHP=@KL=N=KRAOPE>QH=N KOPAI=O?AJPNK
@AI=OO=A?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@AOoKREOPKOIQEPKOQLAN?E=HIAJPA /KNKQPNK
H=@K @ARE@KkB=?EHE@=@A@AOA?KJBA??EKJ=NATLANEIAJPKOOK>NA?AJPNK@A
CN=RE@=@A PAIKOIQEPKO ATLANEIAJPKOOK>NAAOOAPAI=AIH=>KN=PuNEKO
@A@AIKJOPN=poK
OOEI AO?KHDAIKOAOOAPAI=L=N=EJ?AJPERm HK=KQOK@AATLANEIAJPKO
…?=OAENKO†AIO=H=@A=QH=

38
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

(#&

"KIK BKE REOPK JKO ?QNOKO @A %sOE?=  A ! = %sOE?= AOP= ?DAE= @A
2
@AJEpwAO@AK>FAPKO=>OPN=PKOI=PAImPE?KO ?KIKLKJPKI=PANE=H PN=
FAPuNE=NAPEHsJA=AKQPNKO ,=O J=NA=HE@=@A AOO=O@AJEpwAOOANRAIL=N=
FQOPE?=NRmNE=O=LNKTEI=pwAOQO=@=OLAH=?ErJ?E= MQAOEILHE?=IAJKNIA
IAJPAKPN=>=HDK@A@AO?NARANKIKREIAJPK@A?KNLKOATPAJOKO -AOOA
OAJPE@K =O@AJEpwAO@A?AJPNK@AI=OO=A?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@AOoKLKJPKO
?D=RAOJKAOPQ@K@KIKREIAJPK@A?KNLKOATPAJOKO
$ICAKIAPNE= K?AJPNuE@AqKLKJPKJKEJPANEKN@QI=BKNI=CAKIq
PNE?=MQA@AJAKOAQ?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?K:SEGELA@E=; -=IA?nJE?=?HmOOE?=
?AJPNK@AI=OO=@AQI?KNLKqKLKJPKKJ@ALK@AOANLAJO=@KMQAPK@=
=I=OO=@K?KNLKAOPm?KJ?AJPN=@=L=N=K?mH?QHK@ARmNEKOABAEPKO .?AJ
PNK@AI=OO=JoKLNA?EO=?KEJ?E@EN?KIK?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?KKQK?AJPNK
@ACN=RE@=@A .?AJPNK@AI=OO=JAI=KIAJKOLNA?EO=AOP=N@AJPNK@K
?KNLK /=N=JL=NPs?QH=O ?=@=QI=?KILKOEpoKNEAI=OO=IE K?AJPNK@A
I=OO=q@=@KLKN

.J@A,  ŠIE  -= %sOE?= K ?AJPNuE@A  K?AJPNK@A CN=RE@=@A A K


?AJPNK @A I=OO= LK@AI  OK> ?ANP=O ?EN?QJOPnJ?E=O  ?KEJ?E@EN AJPNA OE  .
?AJPNuE@AqQI?KJ?AEPKLQN=IAJPACAKIqPNE?K AJMQ=JPKMQAKOKQPNKO
@KEOOANAH=?EKJ=I?KI=OLNKLNEA@=@AOBsOE?=O@AQI?KNLK /=N=MQAK
?AJPNuE@A?KEJ?E@=?KIK?AJPNK@AI=OO= KK>FAPK@ARAPAN@AJOE@=@A
QJEBKNIA KQ=@EOPNE>QEpoK@AI=PqNE==PN=RqO@KK>FAPK@ARAPAN?ANP=O
LNKLNEA@=@AO P=EO?KIKOEIAPNE= /=N=MQAQI?AJPNuE@A?KEJ?E@=?KIK
?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A K?AJPNuE@A@ARA?KEJ?E@EN?KIK?AJPNK@AI=OO=A
KK>FAPK@ARAAOP=NOK>=EJŽQrJ?E=@AQI?=ILKCN=REP=?EKJ=HQJEBKNIA
-=BsOE?= K?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@AKQ>=NE?AJPNK@AQI?KNLKqKLKJPK
KJ@ALK@AOAN?KJOE@AN=@===LHE?=poK@=BKNp=@ACN=RE@=@A@APK@KK?KNLK
-K?=OK@=BKNp=@ACN=RE@=@ANAOQHP=N@AQI?=ILKCN=RsPE?KQJE
BKNIA K?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@Aq?KEJ?E@AJPA?KIK?AJPNK@AI=OO= $OP=q=
=LNKTEI=poKJ=PQN=HJKAOPQ@K@=BsOE?=@AK>FA?PKO@ALAMQAJ=O@EIAJOwAO
OQFAEPKO=K?=ILKCN=RsPE?KPANNAOPNA

39
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

%EC ‚ LLHAP"AJPNK@AI=OO=@AQI+mLEOAIIKREIAJPKNAPEHsJAK:;

(*'

)#(
/=N=AOO==PERE@=@ALNA?EO=NAIKO@AL=LAHoK HEJD=KQ?KN@oK AOPEHAPA
KQPAOKQN= NqCQ= ?=JAP= @QNAT C=NBK NKHD=OAQI=>KNN=?D=
LNEIAEN==PERE@=@AOANm@APANIEJ=NK?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?K@ARmNEKO
K>FAPKO>E@EIAJOEKJ=EO@AAOLAOOQN=LAMQAJ=AINAH=poKkO@AI=EO@EIAJ
OwAO /K@AIKOPKI=N=P=IL=@AQI=?=ET=@AO=L=PK QI=P=IL=@AQI=
H=P=KQ?=ET=?EHsJ@NE?= ABKHD=O@AL=LAHoK@AIK@K=LK@AN?KNPm H=OJ=
CAKIAPNE=MQ=@N=@=APN=LAVKE@=H $IOACQE@= PN=?A=O@E=CKJ=EOLNEJ?EL=EO
KQ=HEJD=MQA?KNP==CQN==KIAEKA=?DAKOAQ?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?K

%ECQN=‚%ECQN=OCAKIqPNE?=O

40
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

.J@A?=K?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?K@KPN=LqVEK AK@K?sN?QHKAMQ=@N=@K
?KIBQNK
$IOACQE@= LANCQJPAOAK?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A?KEJ?E@A?KIK?AJ
2
PNuE@A  ,=J@A KO LAC=NAI QI= ?=JAP= A =LKE=NAI KO K>FAPKO ?KI AOP=
FQOP=IAJPAJK?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?K /ANCQJPAOAK?AJPNK@AI=OO=?KEJ?E@A
?KIK?AJPNuE@A
I=NNAKQ?KHA?KI@QNATQI=HEJD=MQA?KNP==CQN==KIAEKA
RANEMQAMQA=EJ@=ATEOPAQILKJPK BKN=@KK>FAPK MQAqKOAQ?AJPNK@A
CAKIqPNE?K CQN==>=ETK

%ECQN=‚MQ=@N=@K?KIBQNKMQ=@N=@K

/ANCQJPAOA=OBKHD=O@AL=LAHoKOoK@AI=PANE=HDKIKCrJAKKQJoK
$IOACQE@= ?KNPALAMQAJKOLA@=pKO@AL=LAHoKA?KHAAIQI@KOH=@KO@A
?=@=BKHD= OAI@AETm HKORAHKO  LuEA=BKHD=@AL=LAHoK?KIQI=LKJP=
@A?=JAP=LAHKOAQ"&ALANCQJPA@AMQ=HH=@KAOPmKLA@=pK@AL=LAHoK
/ANCQJPA?KIKAHAO?DAC=N=I=AOO=?KJ?HQOoK
-= LNuTEI= =PERE@=@A  R=IKO OEIQH=N BKHD=O MQA PAJD=I @AJOE@=@A
@EBANAJPAAINACEwAO@EBANAJPAO "KNPAQI=BKHD=@AL=LAHoK?KIKJ=CQN=
=>=ETKA?KHA?KIKEJ@E?=@K /ANCQJPAOAK?AJPNKCAKIqPNE?K@=CQN=
IQ@KQ $KOAQ?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A IQ@KQ#ALKEOLAp=L=N=AHAO=?D=N
KJKRK?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A /ANCQJPAOA=OOEIAPNE=@K@AOAJDK@=BKHD=
=FQ@===?D=NK"&

%ECQN=‚0Q=@N=@K?KIPNE=JCQHK

41
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

2APERqOOAIKOAOPQ@=J@K?EJAImPE?=@AQILKJPKI=PANE=HABKOOAIKO
@AO?NARAN?=@=QI@AOPAO?KNLKO?KIKQILKJPKI=PANE=H MQ=HOANE=K
LKJPKE@A=H@AOPA?KNLKL=N=B=VANEOOK
3KIA=HCQJOHERNKOA?KHKMQA KOQJOOK>NAKOKQPNKO #ALKEO LANCQJPA
OABKNIKO@AOHK?=J@K KOH=PAN=HIAJPA BKNI=J@KQI=AO?=@= MQ=J@KAHAO
ENoKPKI>=N

%ECQN= ‚ LLHAP@A@AIKJOPN=poK@K@AOHK?=IAJPK@K"&:'S=JC;

%=VAJ@KQI>KJA?K)KoK!K>K 3KIAQI=>=OA @AI=@AEN=ATA


JAH=QI=D=OPAIAPmHE?= 3KIAQI=NKHD=ALNAJ@=@KEOC=NBKOJAH= ?KIK
IKOPN=@KJ=CQN==>=ETK "KHKMQAKOEOPAI=NKHD= C=NBKO=LKE=@KOK>NA=
D=OPAIAPmHE?=ARANEMQAMQAAH=JoK?=E /KNMQr#EO?QP=?KIKO?KHAC=O

#'$#%) &'(.)/

CQN=EHQOPN=QIO=LK ATKPE?=IAJPAAMQEHE>N=@K J=LKJP=@AQI


HmLEO /=NA?A@AO==N=CN=RE@=@A 1A?KNP= OA=CQN=JQILA@=pK@AL=
LAHoK "KH=I OAIKA@=OKQKQPNKI=PANE=HLAO=@K @AIK@K=@AOHK?=NK
?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A@=CQN=

%ECQN=‚)KoK>K>KJ=BKNI=@AO=LK %KJPA%Q=@

42
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

#&# (.)/

1A?KNP= OAKLANH@AQI=>KN>KHAP=JQILA@=pK@AL=LAHoKA?KH=I
2
OA@Q=OIKA@=OJ=OLKJP=O@=O=O=O  OIKA@=OENoKLNKRK?=NQI@AOHK
?=IAJPK@K?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A@=CQN=L=N=B=RKNA?ANKAMQEHs>NEKJ=
LKJP=@KHmLEO

%ECQN=‚)KoK>K>KJ=BKNI=@A>KN>KHAP= %KJPA%Q=@

#M###.)/

"KIQIR=OEHD=IA@ANABNECAN=JPAMQAPAJD=QIBQJ@KAOBqNE?KLK@A
OA?KJOPNQENQI…)KoK!K>K† .H=OPNK=NAE= LA@N= LA@=pKO@ABANNK AP?
JoK@ARAQHPN=L=OO=N=?=HKP=AOBqNE?=@=>=OA@KR=OEHD=IAA@ARA P=I>qI
?=NLNAOK@AJPNK?=HKP=

%ECQN=‚)KoK>K>K@AC=NN=B=LAP %KJPA%Q=@

OAILNANAPKNJ==KAMQEHs>NEKKNECEJ=H‚MQAqQI=LKOEpoK@A…AMQEHs
>NEKAOPmRAH†

43
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

#!#,$ &

.H=OPNKMQAqIQEPKI=EOLAO=@KMQAKR=OEHD=IA B=V?KIMQAK"&
@KOEOPAI=OAHK?=HEVA@AJPNK@=?=HKP=AOBqNE?=MQA?KJPqIKH=OPNK

%ECQN=‚$TLHE?=poK@K)KoK>K>K %KJPA%Q=@

4I…>EJmNEK†qQIL=N@ABKNp=OECQ=EOAKLKOP=O I=O?KIIKIAJPK
JoK JQHK  (OPK q  = NAOQHP=JPA q JQH=  I=O K PKNMQA q @EBANAJPA @A VANK
0Q=J@KKR=OEHD=IAq@AOHK?=@K KLAOK/A=NA=poK@K=LKEK- BKNI=I
QI…>EJmNEK†@A>N=pK@A=H=R=J?=> .…>EJmNEK† =OOEIAOP=>AHA?E@K
?NE=QI…IKIAJPKNAOP=QN=@KN†,1MQABQJ?EKJ=JKOAJPE@K@ANAOP=QN=N
=LKOEpoK@AAMQEHs>NEKAOPmRAH

#()"#.)/

#ERANO=OOoK=O=HPANJ=PER=OL=N=OQ>OPEPQENK2=LK$MQEHE>NEOP=KQ=
!KN>KHAP= .3Q?=JKqQI=@AH=O #AOAJD= OAJQIL=LAHoKKQI=@AEN=
?KILAJO=@=J= KLANH@AQIPQ?=JK  LuONA?KNPm HK ?KH= OAQILAOK
@ALNABANrJ?E=QI=KQ@Q=OIKA@=O AIOAQN=>K

%ECQN=‚3Q?=JKAMQEHE>NEOP= %KJPA%Q=@

44
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

"KHK?=@KJQILA@AOP=H=LNKLNE=@K ?KIKK@=EHQOPN=poK K3Q?=JK


?=NmJQI=LKOEpoK@AAMQEHs>NEKAOPmRAH 2AILNAMQA@AOHK?=@K AHANAPKN
J=Nm=LKOEpoKKNECEJ=H@AAMQEHs>NEK
2
#!#,$ &

."&@K…PQ?=JK@AL=LAHoK†HK?=HEV= OALNuTEIK@=IKA@= /KNP=JPK


=>=ETK@KLKJPK@A=LKEK@=CQN=
-=LKOEpoK@AAMQEHs>NEKAOPmRAH K"&OAHK?=HEV==>=ETK@=IAOI=
RANPE?=HMQAL=OO=LAHKLKJPK@A=LKEK
0Q=J@K@AOHK?=@K K"&OK>AALNKLKN?EKJ=KOQNCEIAJPK@K…>N=pK
@A=H=R=J?=†A@KIKIAJPKNAOP=QN=@KN,1

%ECQN=‚$TLHE?=poK@KPQ?=JKAMQEHE>NEOP= %KJPA%Q=@

(&(&)(!#'.)/

"KNP= OAQI=AOBAN=@AEOKLKN=KIAEK "=RA JQI@KOOAIE DAIEOBqNEKO


QI>QN=?KHKJCA@K?AJPNK@K?sN?QHKALNAAJ?D= K?KILA@=pKO@ALA@N=
BANNK ?DQI>EJDK ?DQI>K@ALAO?= AP?

%ECQN=‚P=NP=NQC=3AEIKO= %KJPA%Q=@

45
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

"KH= OA AIOACQE@= QILA@=pK@AL=LAHoKI=EKNMQAK?sN?QHKL=N=JoK


@AET=NR=V=NKH=OPNK?KHK?=@KJK>QN=?K?=R=@K "KIKKL=LAHoKqI=EKN
MQAK?sN?QHK NA?KNPA K@AIK@KMQAOAPAJD==OLANJ=OA=?=>Ap=@AQI=
P=NP=NQC=?KJBKNIA=EHQOPN=poK -=L=NPAAOBqNE?=@KEOKLKN @AOAJD= OAK
IKPERK@AQI=P=NP=NQC=
.%$-h,$-."KHK?=J@K OA=P=NP=NQC=@A>=NNEC=L=N=?EI= AH=
OAILNANAPKNJ=NmkOQ=LKOEpoKJKNI=H
".,.$7/+(" 1."&@=P=NP=NQC=OAHK?=HEV=NmLN=PE?=IAJPAJK
>QN=?K?DAEK@AH=OPNK LKEOKEOKLKNOAJ@KIQEPKHARA KLAOK@=P=NP=NQC=
EOKLKN
H=OPNK qLN=PE?=IAJPAKLAOK@KH=OPNK "NE= OAQIIKIAJPK
NAOP=QN=@KN IQEPK EJPAJOK A @ARE@K k RAHK?E@=@A =@MQENE@=  = P=NP=NQC=
?KJOACQA@=N=RKHP=?KILHAP=ANAPKNJ=N=OQ=LKOEpoK@AAMQEHs>NEKAOPmRAH

%ECQN=‚$TLHE?=poK@=P=NP=NQC=PAEIKO= %KJPA%Q=@

"(&#!'')!*''#)&.)/

.J@AAOPmK?AJPNK@AI=OO=", @AQI=R=OOKQN=eIQEPKBm?EH
AJ?KJPNm HK !=OP==?D=NKLKJPKKJ@AOAF=LKOOsRAHAMQEHE>N=N=R=OOKQN=
=LKE=J@K =AI=LAJ=OQI@A@K

%ECQN=‚"AJPNK@AI=OO=@AQI=R=OOKQN= %KJPA%Q=@

46
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

#%)##&&

.",qKLKJPK@A=LHE?=poK@=BKNp= LAOK/
2

CQN=NALNAOAJP=QI=OEPQ=poKDELKPqPE?=AIMQA=R=OOKQN=q=LKE=@=
LAHKLKJPK.=QI=@EOPnJ?E=>@K",  NAOQHP=JPA@=OBKNp=OLK@AOAN
JQH=/- I=O?H=N=IAJPAJoKLK@AD=RANAMQEHs>NEK LKNMQA=OKI=
@KOIKIAJPKO@=OBKNp=OJoKqJQH= .IKIAJPK@AQI=BKNp=PKNMQA q
KLNK@QPKBKNp=T>N=pK $INAH=poK=KLKJPK. KIKIAJPK@=BKNp=-q
JQHKAKIKIAJPK@KLAOKq
,/>
$OPAPKNMQAB=V=R=OOKQN=CEN=NJKOAJPE@KDKNmNEK .AMQEHs>NEKOuq
LKOOsRAHOA> (OPKq K=LKEK@ARAAOP=NJ=IAOI=RANPE?=HMQAL=OO=
LAHK",

#!#,$ &

 -=LKOEpoK@AAMQEHs>NEKKLAOKA=PN=poK@KKOAILNAAOP=NoKJQI=
IAOI=RANPE?=H $OAAMQEHE>N=I  /=N==@APANIEJ=poK@K"& KO@A@KO
MQ=OAOAILNAJoKAOP=NoKk@EOPnJ?E=OEIqPNE?=@K"& $ JAOPA?=OK =L=NPA
@KLAOKMQA?=@=@A@KOQLKNP=q@EBANAJPA .@A@KI=EOLNuTEIK@K"&
OQLKNP=I=EOBKNp=ALKNEOOK =R=OOKQN=?KILNEIAI=EOK@A@KA?KIK
?KJOAMQrJ?E= OQNCAI=EO=PNEPK  OOEI AJMQ=JPKQI@A@KR=EL=N=J@KK
KQPNKOA@AOHK?=

(*'

 .J@ARK?r=?D=MQA@ARAOANK?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A@AQIJ=REK =?EI=
KQ=>=ETK@=HEJD=@=mCQ=

47
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

%ECQN=‚"AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A@AQI>=N?K %KJPAIEJD=CQN=

 .OBN=J?AOAOOAKNCQHD=R=I@K?=NNK"EPNKAJLAHKB=PK@AOOA?=NNKJoK
?=LKP=N 4I@KOIKPERKO@AOO=B=p=JD=qMQAKOOAQOAETKOOoK>AIH=NCKO
A=B=OP=@KO 0Q=HqKKQPNK"KIL=NA?KI=*KI>E

!(& !) (!S$##


OOEOP=KRs@AKDPPLAJOEJKOE?=MQEIE?= >HKCOLKP ?KI
?AJPNK @A CN=RE@=@A A AMQEH>NEK DPIH
2A@ERENP=?KIK=LLHAP"AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@ADPPLSSS LDU JPJQ
A@Q PSJPJQF=R=EJ@AT LDL/'/2$22(#A>BA?>
>@@PKLE? IOCIOC
1=I=J /B=BB   DPPLLDUO?E GAJJAO=S A@QF=R=IENNKNJPJQF=R=
>HK?G>HK?G DPIH
DPPLB=?QHPU ??? A@QPN O?EI=PDLDUOE?O DPI

48
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

#!"(I&#'#&'(*'
2
$I CAN=H KO =HQJKO MQA B=VAI K ?QNOK @A +E?AJ?E=PQN= AI %sOE?=
PERAN=IQI?QNOKIQEPKOQLAN?E=HKQJoKPERAN=IJAJDQI==QH=@A
%sOE?= 2APERAN=I QO=N=I=HCQIHERNKPATPKPN=@E?EKJ=H KJ@A=%sOE?=
q=LNAOAJP=@=?KIKQI=?KHApoK@A@AJEpwAOABuNIQH=OL=N=OAN
=LHE?=@=AILNK>HAI=OAATAN?s?EKO "KI=@EO?QOOoKMQAPNKQTAIKO
=MQELNK?QN=IKOPN=VANKQPN=OOKHQpwAOAJKR=OLANOLA?PER=OMQAATEOPA
AAOPoKOAJ@K=LHE?=@=OJKAJOEJK@ABsOE?=JK!N=OEH
-=OCQN=OAIMQAOAQOKQQI=zJE?=BKHD=@AL=LAHoK KO=HQJKO
ENoK @AO?K>NEN MQA K ?AJPNuE@A  K ?AJPNK @A I=OO= A K ?AJPNK @A
CN=RE@=@A ?KEJ?E@AI  -KO ?=OKO AI MQA AOPAO JoK ?KEJ?E@AI  AHAO
@ARAILAN?A>ANMQA=MQ=JPE@=@A@AI=OO=@AQI@KOH=@KO@KK>FAPK
R=NEKQ=QIAJPKQ
1AOLKOP=OkOMQAOPwAO
 $OLAN= OAMQAK=HQJKNAOLKJ@=MQAOEI LKEO AICAN=H=PAKNE=JKO
PATPKO@E@mPE?KOq=LNAOAJP=@=?KIKQI=RAN@=@A=>OKHQP=A=>OPN=P=
MQAQICrJEKAOPN=JCAENKNAOLKJ@AQ
 2EI @AO@AMQARK?rPAJD=I=PANE=H@A=LKEK=@AMQ=@K 'KFAATEOPA
>=OP=JPAJ=SA>
 $OLANKMQAJoK
 ePKI=NARAJPKOBsOE?KO?KNNEMQAENKOAQO=N=OQ=ATLHE?=poKL=N=
OAB=VANQI==LHE?=poK /KNATAILHK ?KIKK2KHPAIQIIKREIAJPK
L=NAJPAAIPKNJK@=3ANN= LK@AIKOQO=N=OKI>N=@AQI=D=OPA?KIK
QII=N?=@KN@APAILK
 $ILNEJ?sLEK @ARA=?D=NAOPN=JD=
  $I LNEJ?sLEK  @ARA ?KJ?KN@=N  LKEO RAIKO LKQ?=O =LHE?=pwAO
PA?JKHuCE?=O
 2EI KLNKBAOOKNOEILHAOIAJPAqH=NC=@KJ=O=H=@A=QH=
 2EI LKEOAH=q=LNAOAJP=@=?KIKQI=PAKNE=L=N=NAOLKJ@ANMQAOPwAO
@ARAOPE>QH=N
 3AIMQAAOP=N=>=ETK@=HEJD=@„mCQ= LKEOOAJoKK>=N?KENE=PKI>=N

0‚.KQPNKIKPERKqMQAK"&AOPm>AIAI>=ETK

49
Instrumentação para o Ensino de Física I

#" )'M#

LAO=N@A=CN=J@AI=EKNE=@KOHERNKOPATPKO=PQ=EOPANAIOE@KIKH@=
@KOJKBKNI=PK@=O=LKOPEH=O@A?QNOEJDK ATEOPAIKLpwAOL=N=QI=BKNI=
I=EO=CN=@mRAHA?KILNKIAPE@=?KI=NA=HE@=@A@K?KPE@E=JK@KO=HQJKO
@AOAAJOEJ=N%sOE?= "KI==LNAOAJP=poKJAOP==QH=@AQILNEIAENKLNK
FAPK@AAJOEJK@A%sOE?=IKOPN=IKOMQAqLKOOsRAHOAAJOEJ=N%sOE?==PN=RqO
@AATLANEIAJPKOHz@E?KOA@AQI=PAKNE=?KJOPNQs@==L=NPEN@=%sOE?=@=O
?KEO=O?KPE@E=JK
PN=RqO @A ATLANErJ?E=O ?KI ?AJPNK CAKIqPNE?K A ?AJPNK @A I=OO=
LK@AIKO?KIAp=N=@EO?QPENOK>NA=R=HE@=@A =PN=RqO@=K>OANR=poK @A
RmNE=OOEILHE?=pwAOMQAOoKQO=@=OJ=BsOE?= .=HQJKLK@A?KJOP=P=NK
ABAEPK@=CN=RE@=@AOK>NA?KNLKOI=PANE=EOA=EILKNPnJ?E=@=OEIAPNE=J=
@APANIEJ=poK@K?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A@KO?KNLKOA@=AOP=>EHE@=@A@AOPAO

&')!#

LNAOAJP=IKO  JAOP= =QH=  QI= EJPNK@QpoK =K AOPQ@K OK>NA K HERNK


@E@mPE?KA=KOLNKFAPKO@AAJOEJK@A%sOE?= 2u?KIAJP=IKOA=J=HEO=IKO
QILNKFAPK@AAJOEJK@A%sOE?=MQAOA?KHK?=?KIKQI==HPANJ=PER=kO=Q
H=OPN=@E?EKJ=EO >=OA=@=OAIHERNKOPATPKOAMQAAOPoKRKHP=@=OMQ=OAMQA
AT?HQOER=IAJPAL=N==P=NAB=@ALNAL=N=NK=HQJKL=N=KRAOPE>QH=N
LNAOAJP=IKOQI==QH=OK>NA?AJPNK@AI=OO=A?AJPNK@ACN=RE@=@A
FmJ=OACQJ@==QH= ?KIKEJPQEPK@AIKOPN=NMQA=%sOE?=JoK?KIAp=JA
?AOO=NE=IAJPA?KI="EJAImPE?= ,KOPN=IKOMQALK@AIKO?KIAp=NQI
?QNOK@A%sOE?=QO=J@KB=PKO@K?KPE@E=JKAATLANErJ?E=OHz@E?=OAMQAJoK
LNA?EO=INAOKHRANAMQ=pwAO

&&R"'

/-+# /NKCN=I=-=?EKJ=H@K+ERNK#E@mPE?KL=N=K$JOEJK,q@EK DPPLLKN


P=H IA? CKR >NEJ@AT LDLKLPEKJ?KI<?KJPAJPREAS=NPE?HAE@
&1$%  &NQLK @A 1AAH=>KN=poK @K AJOEJK @A %sOE?=  SSS BO? QBO?
>NW=N@AJCNAB @K?
A AO?KH= (JOPEPQPK 2QLANEKN 3q?JE?K DPPLSSS A AO?KH= LPPKLE?K
=OLE@KN@AI
%Q=@ 1AEO %QNQG=S= 8=I=IQN=A5QKHK %f2(" ".,#$,.-23
1 ci$2
LKOPEH=?A@E@=LAHK(%42/
6EGELq@E= DPPLLP SEGELA@E= KNCSEGE"AJPNK<@A<CN=RE@=@A
A AO?KH=DPPLSSS A AO?KH= LPPKLE?K =OLE@KN@AI
%Q *SQJ'S=JCDPPLSSS LDU JPJQ A@Q PSJPJQF=R=EJ@AT LDL/'/

50
Centróide, Centro Gravidade e Centro de Massa de um Corpo
Aula

2$22(#A>BA?>>@@PKLE? IOCIOC
,$-$9$2  + "  %KNI=poK ?KJPEJQ=@= @A LNKBAOOKNAO @A ?ErJ?E=O JK
?KJPATPKE>ANK =IANE?=JK"=ILEJ=O 2/ QPKNAO OOK?E=@KO2oK/=QHK
2
2/-4/$2   "KHApoKBKNI=poK@ALNKBAOOKNAO
&NQLK @A 1AAH=>KN=poK @A $JOEJK @A %sOE?= %sOE?=  %sOE?= 3qNIE?=
gLPE?=‚2oK/=QHK$@EPKN=@=4JERANOE@=@A@A2oK/=QHK 
&NQLK@A1AAH=>KN=poK@A$JOEJK@A%sOE?=%sOE?=IA?nJE?=&1$%‚
2oK/=QHK$@EPKN=@=4JERANOE@=@A@A2oK/=QHK 
DPPLSSS EB QOL >NWNAH=PBALLQ>CNQLKO<LAOMQEO=N?BL
=PERE@=@AO<CNQLK LDL
DPPLOK?N=PAO EB QOL >NW?IJFNPN=>=HDKO/NKLKOP=OA/NKFAPKO
&1$%OAIEJ=NEK @K?
DPPLSSS A@Q?=?EKJ=H ?KI >NAJPNAREOP=OEJPAN=PER=<=@QHPKOAJPNAR
EOP= =OL
DPPLSSS O>B O>OE?= KNC >NARAJPKOOJABTRE?@NAOQIKO3 
L@B
DPPL?AJL A@QJAP OL CKR >NOE?=CNAB
.%("(- 2/ 1 .$-2(-.#$%f2(" .+j#(".$ %.1,
ca.#$/1.%$22.1$2 %NA@ANE?K QCQOPK1=IKO $QCAJEK,=NE=@A
%N=Jp=1=IKO‚%sOE?= !=?D=NAH=@KAI%sOE?= #AL=NP=IAJPK@A$@Q
?=poK‚(JOPEPQPK@A!EK?ErJ?E=O‚"=ILQO@A1EK"H=NK
DPPL?A?AI?= N? QJAOL >N?A?AI?=CNQLKO3N=>=HDKO<AOP=CE=NEKO
%NA@<"("< L@B

51

Você também pode gostar