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Fn = P + J n
F = P+J
F1 = P + i ⋅ P
F1 = P ⋅ (1 + i )
F2 = P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ P
F2 = P ⋅ (1 + i + i )
F2 = P ⋅ (1 + 2 ⋅ i )
F3 = P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ P
F3 = P ⋅ (1 + i + i + i )
F2 = P ⋅ (1 + 3 ⋅ i )
...
Fn = P ⋅ (1 + n ⋅ i )
F = P ⋅ (1 + n ⋅ i )
1
P=F⋅
1+ n ⋅i
F = P+J
P ⋅ (1 + n ⋅ i ) = P + J
J = P ⋅i ⋅ n
Jn = P ⋅i ⋅ n
1 1 1 1
P = A⋅ + A⋅ + ... + A ⋅ + A⋅
1+ i 1+ 2⋅i 1 + (n − 1) ⋅ i 1+ n ⋅i
1 1 1 1
P = A⋅ + + ... + +
1 + i 1 + 2 ⋅ i 1 + (n − 1) ⋅ i 1 + n ⋅ i
n
1
P = A⋅∑
k =1 1 + k ⋅ i
1
A = P⋅ n
1
∑
k =1 1 + k ⋅ i
F = P+J
F1 = P + i ⋅ P
F1 = P ⋅ (1 + i )
Material elaborado com base em
Casarotto e Kopittke (2000) e em Newnan e Lavelle (2000 [1998])
página 2 de 15
Um modo de obter algumas fórmulas de matemática financeira
F2 = P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ F1
F2 = P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ P ⋅ (1 + i )
F2 = P ⋅ [1 + i + i ⋅ (1 + i )]
F2 = P ⋅ [(1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i )]
F2 = P ⋅ (1 + i )⋅ (1 + i )
F2 = P ⋅ (1 + i )
2
F3 = P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ F1 + i ⋅ F2
F3 = P + i ⋅ P + i ⋅ P ⋅ (1 + i ) + i ⋅ P ⋅ (1 + i )
2
[
F3 = P ⋅ 1 + i + i ⋅ (1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i ) ] 2
= P ⋅ [(1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i ) ]
2
F3
= P ⋅ [(1 + i )⋅ (1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i ) ]
2
F3
= P ⋅ [(1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i ) ]
2 2
F3
= P ⋅ [(1 + i ) + i ⋅ (1 + i ) ]
2 2
F3
F3 = P ⋅ (1 + i ) ⋅ (1 + i )
2
F3 = P ⋅ (1 + i )
3
...
Fk = P + J k
Fk +1 = P + J k +1
Fk +1 = Fk + i ⋅ Fk
Fk +1 = Fk ⋅ (1 + i )
...
Fn = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F = P+J
P ⋅ (1 + i ) = P + J
n
J = P ⋅ (1 + i ) − P
n
[
J = P ⋅ (1 + i ) − 1
n
]
[
J n = P ⋅ (1 + i ) − 1
n
]
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
1
P=F⋅
(1 + i )n
Fk + x = Fk + (Fk +1 − Fk ) ⋅ x
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F = A ⋅ (1 + i ) + A ⋅ (1 + i ) + ... + A ⋅ (1 + i ) + A ⋅ (1 + i ) + A
n −1 n−2 2
[
F = A ⋅ (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) + ... + (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) + 1
n −1 n−2 2
(1) ]
(1) × (1 + i), i > 0:
[
(1 + i )⋅ F = (1 + i )⋅ A ⋅ (1 + i )n−1 + (1 + i )n− 2 + ... + (1 + i )2 + (1 + i ) + 1 ]
[
(1 + i )⋅ F = A ⋅ (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) n n −1
+ ... + (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) + (1 + i )
3 2
] (2)
(2) – (1):
[
i ⋅ F = A ⋅ (1 + i ) − 1
n
]
F = A⋅
(1 + i ) n
−1
i
i
A=F⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i = 0:
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F=P
F = A + A + ... + A + A + A
F = A⋅n
1
A=F⋅
n
i > 0:
F = A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
P ⋅ (1 + i ) = A ⋅
n (1 + i )n − 1
i
P = A⋅
(1 + i ) − 1 n
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n
A = P⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i = 0:
F = A⋅n
1
P=F⋅
(1 + i )n
P=F
P = A⋅n
1
A = P⋅
n
F = G ⋅ (1 + i ) + 2 ⋅ G ⋅ (1 + i ) + ... + (n − 3) ⋅ G ⋅ (1 + i ) + (n − 2 ) ⋅ G ⋅ (1 + i ) + (n − 1)⋅ G
n −1 n−2 2
[
F = G ⋅ (1 + i ) + 2 ⋅ (1 + i ) + ... + (n − 3) ⋅ (1 + i ) + (n − 2 ) ⋅ (1 + i ) + (n − 1)
n −1 n− 2 2
(3) ]
(3) × (1 + i), i > 0:
[
(1 + i )⋅ F = G ⋅ (1 + i )⋅ (1 + i )n−1 + 2 ⋅ (1 + i )n−2 + ... + (n − 3)⋅ (1 + i )2 + (n − 2)⋅ (1 + i ) + (n − 1) ]
(1 + i )⋅ F = G ⋅ [(1 + i )n + 2 ⋅ (1 + i ) n −1
+ ... + (n − 3) ⋅ (1 + i ) + (n − 2) ⋅ (1 + i )
3 2
+ (n − 1)⋅ (1 + i )](4)
(4) – (3):
[
i ⋅ F = G ⋅ (1 + i ) + (1 + i ) + ... + (1 + i ) + ⋅(1 + i ) + (1 + i ) − n + 1
n n −1 3 2
]
i ⋅ F = G ⋅ [(1 + i ) + (1 + i ) ]
+ ... + (1 + i ) + ⋅(1 + i ) + (1 + i ) + 1 − n ⋅ G
n n −1 3 2
i⋅F =G⋅
(1 + i ) n
−1
− n ⋅G
i
(1 + i )n − 1 n
F = G⋅ −
i2 i
−1
(1 + i )n − 1 n
G = F ⋅ −
i2 i
i = 0:
de (3):
F = G ⋅ [1 + 2 + ... + (n − 3) + (n − 2 )⋅ +(n − 1)]
a + an
Sn = 1 ⋅n
2
1 + (n − 1)
F = G⋅ ⋅n
2
n2
F =G⋅
2
2
G=F⋅ 2
n
i > 0:
(1 + i )n − 1 n
F = G⋅ −
i2 i
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
(1 + i )n − 1 n
P ⋅ (1 + i ) = G ⋅ −
n
i2 i
(1 + i )n − 1 n 1
P =G⋅ − ⋅
i 2
i (1 + i )n
−1
(1 + i )n − 1 n 1
G = P ⋅ − ⋅
i 2
i (1 + i )n
i = 0:
n2
F =G⋅
2
1
P=F⋅
(1 + i )n
P=F
n2
P =G⋅
2
2
G = P⋅ 2
n
Material elaborado com base em
Casarotto e Kopittke (2000) e em Newnan e Lavelle (2000 [1998])
página 5 de 15
Um modo de obter algumas fórmulas de matemática financeira
i > 0:
F = A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i
(1 + i )n − 1 n
F = G⋅ −
i2 i
A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 = G ⋅ (1 + i )n − 1 − n
i i2 i
i (1 + i )n − 1 n
A=G⋅ ⋅ −
(1 + i )n − 1 i 2 i
(1 + i )n − 1 i n i
A =G⋅ ⋅ − ⋅
i 2
(1 + i ) − 1 i (1 + i ) − 1
n n
1 n
A = G⋅ −
i (1 + i ) − 1
n
−1
1 n
G = A⋅ −
i (1 + i ) − 1
n
i = 0:
F = A⋅n
n2
=
F G ⋅
2
n2
A⋅ n = G ⋅
2
n
A=G⋅
2
2
G = A⋅
n
P=X⋅
1
+X⋅
1+ g
+X⋅
(1 + g ) + ... + X ⋅ (1 + g ) + X ⋅ (1 + g )
2 n−2 n −1
(1 + i ) (1 + i )2
(1 + i )3 (1 + i )n−1 (1 + i )n
X 1 + g (1 + g ) (1 + g )n− 2 + (1 + g )n−1
2
P= ⋅ 1 + + + ... +
1 + i 1 + i (1 + i )2 (1 + i )n−2 (1 + i )n−1
n
an a
=
bn b
n−2 n −1
X 1+ g 1+ g 1 + g
2
1+ g
P= ⋅ 1 + + + ... + +
1 + i 1 + i 1 + i 1+ i 1 + i
i g:
a n ⋅ q − a1
Sn =
q −1
n −1
1+ g 1+ g
⋅ −1
X 1+ i 1+ i
P= ⋅
1+ i 1+ g
−1
1+ i
n
1+ g
−1
P=X⋅ 1+ i
(1 + i )⋅ 1 + g − 1 ⋅ (1 + i )
1+ i
n
1+ g
−1
1+ i
P=X⋅
1+ g −1 − i
n
1 + g
−1
1+ i
P=X⋅
g −i
g −i
X = P⋅ n
1+ g
−1
1+ i
i = g:
X 1 + g (1 + g ) (1+ g) (1+ g)
2 n−2 n −1
P= ⋅ 1 + + + ... + +
1 + i 1 + i (1 + i )2 (1 + i )n−2 (1 + i )n−1
X
P= ⋅ [1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 + 1]
1+ i
X
P= ⋅n
1+ i
n
P=X⋅
1+ i
1+ i
X = P⋅
n
P = A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n
n →
P = lim A ⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n →∞ n
P = A ⋅ lim
(1 + i )n − 1
n → ∞ i ⋅ (1 + i )n
(1 + i )n − 1
P = A ⋅ lim
(1 + i )n
n→ ∞ i (1 i )n
⋅ +
(1 + i )n
Material elaborado com base em
Casarotto e Kopittke (2000) e em Newnan e Lavelle (2000 [1998])
página 7 de 15
Um modo de obter algumas fórmulas de matemática financeira
(1 + i )n − 1
P = A ⋅ lim
(1 + i )n (1 + i )n
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n→∞ n
(1 + i )n
1
P = A⋅
i
A = P ⋅i
i > 0:
F ' = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F = F '⋅(1 + i )
1
F = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 ⋅ (1 + i )
i
i 1
A' = F ⋅ ⋅
(1 + i ) − 1 1 + i
n
P' = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
P = P '⋅(1 + i )
1
P = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 ⋅ (1 + i )
(1 + i )n
P = A'⋅
(1 + i) − 1
n
(1 + i )n−1
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n −1
A' = P ⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
F = A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i
F = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 ⋅ (1 + i )
i
A⋅
(1 + i )n
−1
= A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 ⋅ (1 + i )
i i
A = A'⋅(1 + i ) (5)
i = 0:
De (5):
A = A' ∴:
F = A'⋅n
F
A' =
n
P = A'⋅n
P
A' =
n
r
i= (pela definição de taxa nominal)
m
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
n
F = P ⋅ (1 + i )
1
(6)
F = P ⋅ (1 + im )
m
(7)
(6) = (7) ∴:
P ⋅ (1 + i ) = P ⋅ (1 + i m )
1 m
Se P = 0 ⇒ 0 ≡ 0
Se P
1 + i = (1 + im )
m
(8)
F = P ⋅ (1 + i ') (9)
F = Pcorr ⋅ (1 + i )
Pcorr = P + c.m.
c.m. = θ ⋅ P ∴:
Pcorr = P + θ ⋅ P
Pcorr = P ⋅ (1 + θ )
F = P ⋅ (1 + θ)⋅ (1 + i ') (10)
(9) = (10) ∴:
P ⋅ (1 + i ') = P ⋅ (1 + θ )⋅ (1 + i ')
Se P = 0 ⇒ 0 ≡ 0
Se P
1 + i ' = (1 + θ) ⋅ (1 + i ')
1 + θ = (1 + θ1 )⋅ (1 + θ 2 )⋅ ... ⋅ (1 + θ k )⋅ ... ⋅ (1 + θ m −1 ) ⋅ (1 + θ m )
m
1 + θ = ∏ (1 + θ k ) (11)
k =1
m
r
1 + i = 1 +
m
m →
m
r
1 + i = lim1 +
n →∞
m
b
a a
lim1 + = e
b →∞
b
r
m⋅
r r
1 + i = lim1 +
n →∞
m
m
⋅r
r r
1 + i = lim1 +
n →∞
m
1+ i = e r
i = er −1 (13)
Substituindo (13) em (12):
F = P ⋅ (1 + e r − 1)
n
F = P ⋅ e r ⋅n
P = F ⋅ e − r ⋅n
i > 0:
F = A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i
r ⋅n
e −1
F = A⋅ r
e −1
er −1
A = F ⋅ r ⋅n
e −1
P = A⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n
P = A⋅
(1 + e − 1) − 1r n
(e − 1)⋅ (1 + e − 1)
r r n
e r ⋅n − 1
P = A⋅
( )
e r − 1 ⋅ e r ⋅n
A = P⋅
(e r
− 1)⋅ e r ⋅n
e r ⋅n − 1
F = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 ⋅ (1 + i )
i
F = A'⋅
(1 + e − 1) − 1
r n
⋅ (1 + e r − 1)
e −1
r
e r ⋅n − 1 r
F = A'⋅ r ⋅e
e −1
Material elaborado com base em
Casarotto e Kopittke (2000) e em Newnan e Lavelle (2000 [1998])
página 10 de 15
Um modo de obter algumas fórmulas de matemática financeira
e r − 1 −r
A' = F ⋅ ⋅e
e r ⋅n − 1
P = A'⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
(1 + i )n−1
P = A'⋅
(1 + e − 1) − 1
r n
(1 + e − 1) r n −1
e r ⋅n − 1
P = A'⋅
e r ⋅(n −1)
e r⋅(n −1)
A' = P ⋅ r⋅n
e −1
A= A'⋅(1 + i )
A= (
A'⋅ 1 + e r − 1 )
A= A'⋅e r
A' = A ⋅ e −r
pk = ak + jk
n
P = ∑ ak
i =1
j k = i ⋅ SDk −1
k
SDk = P − ∑ a k
i =1
i > 0:
p = P ⋅ (A / P; i; n )
i ⋅ (1 + i )
n
p = P⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
k
SDk = P − ∑ a k
i =1
SDk = p ⋅ (P / A; i; n − k )
i ⋅ (1 + i ) (1 + i ) − 1
n n−k
SDk = P ⋅ ⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 i ⋅ (1 + i )n−k
SDk = P ⋅
(1 + i )n ⋅ [(1 + i )n−k − 1]
(1 + i )n−k ⋅ [(1 + i )n − 1]
(1 + i ) ⋅ [(1 + i ) − 1]
k n− k
SDk = P⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
SDk = P⋅
(1 + i )n − (1 + i )k
(1 + i )n − 1
Material elaborado com base em
Casarotto e Kopittke (2000) e em Newnan e Lavelle (2000 [1998])
página 11 de 15
Um modo de obter algumas fórmulas de matemática financeira
j k = i ⋅ SDk −1
jk =i⋅P⋅
(1 + i ) − (1 + i )
n k −1
(1 + i )n − 1
ak = p − jk
i ⋅ (1 + i ) (1 + i )n − (1 + i )k −1
n
ak = P ⋅ −i⋅P⋅
(1 + i )n − 1 (1 + i )n − 1
(1 + i )n − [(1 + i )n − (1 + i )k −1 ]
ak = i⋅P⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
ak = i⋅P⋅
(1 + i ) − (1 + i ) + (1 + i )
n n k −1
(1 + i )n − 1
i ⋅ (1 + i )
k −1
ak = P⋅
(1 + i )n − 1
i = 0:
p = P ⋅ (A / P; i; n )
1
p = P⋅
n
ak = p − jk
1
ak = P ⋅ − 0
n
1
ak = P ⋅
n
SDk = p ⋅ (P / A; i; n − k )
1
SDk = P ⋅ ⋅ (n − k )
n
n k
SDk = P ⋅ −
n n
k
SDk = P ⋅ 1 −
n
j k = i ⋅ SDk −1
k −1
j k = i ⋅ P ⋅ 1 −
n
i = 0 ∴ j k = zero
P
a=
n
k
SDk = P − ∑ a k
i =1
P
SDk = P − k ⋅
n
k
SDk = P ⋅ 1 −
n
Material elaborado com base em
Casarotto e Kopittke (2000) e em Newnan e Lavelle (2000 [1998])
página 12 de 15
Um modo de obter algumas fórmulas de matemática financeira
j k = i ⋅ SDk −1
k −1
j k = i ⋅ P ⋅ 1 −
n
pk = ak + jk
P k − 1
pk = + i ⋅ P ⋅ 1 −
n n
1 k − 1
p k = P ⋅ + i ⋅ 1 −
n n
p k S.F. + p k S.H.
pk =
2
a + a k S.H.
a k = k S.F.
2
j k S.F. + j k S.H.
jk =
2
SDk S.F. + SDk S.H.
SDk =
2
k < n:
a k = zero
k
SDk = P − ∑ a k
i =1
SDk = P − 0
SDk = P
j k = i ⋅ SDk −1
jk = i ⋅ P
pk = ak + jk
pk = 0 + i ⋅ P
pk = i ⋅ P
k = n:
ak = P
k
SDk = P − ∑ a k
i =1
SDk = P − P
SDk = zero
j k = i ⋅ SDk −1
jk = i ⋅ P
pk = ak + jk
pk = P + i ⋅ P
p k = P ⋅ (1 + i )
c.m.k = θk ⋅ (SDk −1 + jk )
p c.m. k = p k + c.m.k
SDcorr . k = SDk −1 ⋅ (1 + θ k )
j c.m. k = i ⋅ SDcorr . k
c.m. p k = p c.m. k − p k
1
A = P⋅ n
1
∑1+ k ⋅ i
k =1
1
p = P⋅ n
1
∑1+ k ⋅i
k =1
p
ak =
1+ k ⋅i
1
P⋅ n
1
∑1+ k ⋅i
k =1
ak =
1+ k ⋅i
1
n
1
∑ 1+ k ⋅i
ak = P ⋅ k =1
1+ k ⋅i
j p k = pk − ak
1
n
1
1
∑1+ k ⋅ i
jpk = P ⋅ − P ⋅ k =1
n
1 1+ k ⋅i
∑k =1 1 + k ⋅ i
1
n
1
1
∑ 1 + k ⋅ i
jpk = P ⋅ n − k =1
∑ 1 1+ k ⋅i
k =1 1 + k ⋅ i
jpk
= P⋅ n
1
− n
1
⋅
1
1 1 1+ k ⋅i
∑ ∑
k =1 1 + k ⋅ i k =1 1 + k ⋅ i
1 1
jpk = P⋅ n ⋅ 1 −
1 1+ k ⋅i
∑k =1 1 + k ⋅ i
k
SDk = P − ∑ a k
k =1
1
n
1
k ∑1+ k ⋅i
SDk = P − ∑ P ⋅ k =1
k =1 1+ k ⋅i
j g k = i ⋅ SDk −1
1
n
1
k −1
∑ 1+ k ⋅i
k =1
jgk = i⋅P − ∑ P ⋅
k =1 1+ k ⋅i