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1
Teorema das Cascas
Sejam:
□ Uma partícula de massa m;
▷ Massa: MC
▷ Raio: R
▷ Densidade de massa:
MC MC y
ρ = ⇒ ρ =
A casca 4πR 2
▷ Equação da circunferência: x
▭
Coord. Polares: 2 2 2
r + z = R
z
Considere:
□ Partícula fora da casca;
casca.
θ
dM x
□ Diferencial de massa: dM MC r
z axy
□ Coordenadas Polares: a
α
▷ (r , θ , z) dF
az
D m
z
□ Coordenadas Polares
○ r = axy = R sen(β) = a sen(α) Plano y x z
y
○ θ ∈ [0 , 2 π] R p/ θ=90º
dM
○ z = R cos(β) = D - az axy
a
R dF
β α m
zaro z
az
zaro z
az
□ Diferencial: D
dr z dr dr
cos( β ) d β =
R
⇒
R
dβ =
R
⇒ dβ =
z
dz r dz dz
−sen( β ) d β =
R
⇒ − dβ =
R R
⇒ dβ = −
r
zaro z
□ Diferencial: az
D
ds casca = R⋅d β : .
−dz R
ds casca = R⋅( ) :. ds casca = − dz
r r
y Plano x x y
R
r θ
dM
saro
-R R
x
-R
Diferencial de Área:
dA = ds casca⋅ds aro :.
dscasca
R dsaro
dA = (− dz)⋅(r d θ ) : .
r
dA = −R dz d θ
M = ρ ⋅A ⇒ dM = ρ ⋅dA :.
dM = ρ ⋅(− R d θ dz) :.
dM = −ρ ⋅R d θ dz
Cálculo da Força
W. S. Yuan
10
Teorema das Cascas
dM m [−ρ⋅R d θ dz ]m
dF = G 2
=G
a a2
1
dF = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅ 2 d θ dz
a
D
r
dF xy = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅ 3
a [ ] d θ dz
R
Plano y x z
p/ θ=90º
Lei dos Cossenos : dM
axy a
a2 = R2 + D 2 − 2 R D cos( β ) dF
R dFxy
2 2 2 z β α
a = R + D − 2 R D⋅
R zaro dFz m z
a = ( R2 + D 2 − 2 D z)1/ 2 az
r 2 =R2 − z2 :. r=( R 2 −z 2 )1 /2 D
2 2 1/ 2
(R −z )
dF xy = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
[
(R 2 + D 2 − 2 D z)3/ 2 ] d θ dz
dM
dF x = dF xy⋅cos( θ ) :. -R R
x
-R
2 2 1/ 2
dF x = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅ 2 2 [
(R −z )
(R + D − 2 D z)3 /2
⋅cos( θ ) d θ dz
]
TE310 - Fisica II para EE Waldomiro Soares Yuan – Elétrica – UFPR 14
Teorema das Cascas
2π
(R 2 −z2 )1/ 2
−R
F x = ∫ [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
R
[
(R 2 + D 2 − 2 D z )3/ 2 ] [∫
0
]
cos( θ ) d θ dz
(R 2 −z2 )1/2
−R
F x = ∫ [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
R
[
2 2
(R + D − 2 D z ) 3/ 2
]
[ 0 ] dz
Fx = 0
dM
dF y = dFxy⋅sen( θ ) :. -R R
x
-R
2 2 1/2
dF y = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅ 2 2 [
(R −z )
(R + D − 2 D z)3/ 2
⋅sen( θ) d θ dz
]
TE310 - Fisica II para EE Waldomiro Soares Yuan – Elétrica – UFPR 16
Teorema das Cascas
2π
( R2 −z 2 )1/2
−R
F y = ∫ [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
R
[
(R 2 + D 2 − 2 D z )3 /2 ] [∫
0
]
sen ( θ ) d θ dz
( R2 −z 2 )1/ 2
−R
F y = ∫ [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
R
2
[ 2
(R + D − 2 D z) 3 /2
]
[ 0 ] dz
Fy = 0
D
D− z
dF z = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
a
3 [ ] d θ dz
dF
R dFxy
Lei dos Cossenos : β α
a2 = R 2 + D2 − 2 R D cos( β ) zaro dFz m z
2 2 2 z az
a = R + D − 2 R D⋅
R
a = ( R2 + D 2 − 2 D z)1/ 2 D
D−z
dF z = [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅ 2 2
[
(R + D − 2 D z)
3/2
] d θ dz
−R 2π
F z = ∫ [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅ 2
R
[ D−z
( R + D 2 − 2 D z )3 / 2 ] [∫ ]
0
d θ dz
−R
D−z
F z = ∫ [−G⋅ρ⋅R⋅m]⋅
R
[ 2 2
(R + D − 2 D z)3/2
]
[ 2 π ] dz
−R
z− D
F z = [G⋅(2 π ρ R)⋅m]⋅ ∫
R [ 2 2 3 /2
[ − 2 D z + (R + D )] ] dz
F z = [G⋅(2 π ρ R)⋅m]⋅ [ I 1 + I 2 ]
−R
1
I 1 = −D ∫
R
[ [ − 2 D z + ( R 2 + D 2 )]3/ 2 ] dz
R
z
I2 = ∫
−R
[ 2 2 3/2
[−2 D z + ( R +D )]
⋅ dz
]
−R
1
I 1 = −D ∫
R
[ [ − 2 D z + ( R 2 + D 2 )]3/ 2 ] dz
(m+ 2) /2 a=−2 D
2(a x +b)
m/2
∫ (a x+b) ⋅dx = a (m+2)
{
p / b=R2 +D 2
m=−3
1 1
I1 = − p/ D> R
(D− R) ( D+ R)
R
z
I2 = ∫
−R
[ 2 2 3/ 2
[−2 D z + ( R + D )] ]⋅ dz
3
−2 R
I2 = 2 2 2 p/ D> R
D ( D −R )
1 1 −2 R 3 2R
I 1 + I2 =
[
( D−R )
−
( D +R ) ] + 2 2
D (D −R )
2
:. I1 + I 2 = 2
D
2
2R [G⋅(4 π R ρ )⋅m]
F z = [G⋅(2 π ρ R)⋅m]⋅ 2 = 2
:.
D D
y
R
m
[ M c⋅m] MC
Fz = G 2
D z
D
Força Gravitacional
fora de uma Casca:
y
Fx = 0 R x
MC
Fy = 0
m
D
[ M c⋅m]
Fz = G
D2 z