UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

INSTITUTO DE LETRAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE LÍNGUAS MODERNAS
COMISSÃO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE PROFICIÊNCIA DE LEITURA EM LÍNGUA ESTR ANGEIRA

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INSTRUÇÕES:

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azul). Todas as respostas devem ser escritas em língua portuguesa.

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4. Atenha-se ao conteúdo dos enunciados, escreva com caligrafia legível e certifique-se
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E 8. A duração da prova é de 2 horas e 30 minutos.

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início da mesma.
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da prova.

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11. Serão considerados aprovados os candidatos que demonstrarem proficiência, com
aproveitamento igual ou superior a 70% de acertos.

Nome Completo

Assinatura (conforme documento de identificação) Curso (CPG/PPG) – caso seja aluno da UFRGS

[Type text]
Texto A The Birth and Formation of Galaxies*
01 On a clear, moonless night, one can often see a hazy, luminous band stretching across the
02 sky. The ancients devised many fanciful myths to account for this "milky way." Galileo was the
03 first to look at this haze with a telescope and discover that it was composed of countless dim
04 stars. Today, we realize that this hazy band is our view from the inside of a vast disk that is home
05 to billions of stars, including our own Sun, and vast amounts of interstellar dust. This is our galaxy
06 — the Milky Way.
07 Earlier in this century, Edwin Hubble's observations led to the discovery that ours is only one of
08 many billions of galaxies that dot the universe with each galaxy home to billions of stars. Some,
09 like the Milky Way, are flat disks with arcing spiral arms and regions of dense interstellar gas,
10 called nebulae, which are active sites of star formation. Yet others are ellipse-shaped
11 agglomerations of mature stars, virtually devoid of interstellar gas or dust.
12 GALAXY ORIGINS — THEORIES AND DISCOVERIES
13 Galaxies are not scattered randomly throughout the universe, but are often found in "clusters,"
14 which are in turn parts of larger groupings called "super-clusters." How did these structures of the
15 universe come about? Did the material that galaxies comprise come together first, giving birth to
16 stars, or did stars form first, gravitating toward one another to form galaxies?
17 Astronomers in the latter half of the 20th century have made wondrous discoveries, expanding
18 our understanding of the universe and our vision beyond the visible portion of the electromagnetic
19 spectrum. Humanity's knowledge of how the cosmos was born and how its many phenomena
20 arise has grown exponentially in a period of time equivalent to just one human lifetime.
21 Nevertheless, despite these great strides, some fundamental questions remain largely
22 unanswered, chief among them, how did the first galaxies form?
23 Our understanding on the origin of the universe is hampered by the lack of direct observations.
24 In essence, astronomers are trying to put together a 10,000-piece puzzle from the dozen pieces
25 found underneath the table that were chewed on by the cat. Much as archaeologists do,
26 astronomers must peel away the strata of time to unearth clues to the birth of galaxies. As
27 larger telescopes are built to observe fainter and more distant galaxies, we can probe further
28 back in time. In recent years, astronomers have achieved great progress, peering farther out in
29 space to study objects that existed when the universe was still very young. But no one has yet
30 seen an epoch when galaxies did not exist. For that, we need to look back to a time when the
31 universe was only a few hundred million years old, and look at nascent galaxies.
32 BACK TO THE BEGINNING — HOW IT ALL STARTED
33 The theories of how it all started are based upon the scientific observations and research of
34 some of the brightest minds, yet these theories should not be construed as fact. There could be
35 radical new developments that could dramatically change our understanding on the origins of the
36 universe.
37 When astronomers study the Milky Way, they can learn about the birth, life and death of its
38 stars because they see the stars at various evolutionary stages. Detailed studies of the ages and
39 chemical compositions of these stars suggest that the Milky Way has led a relatively quiet
40 existence, forming stars at a rate of a few suns per year for about the last 10 billion years. But
41 while these stars offer clues to the age of our galaxy, they present little evidence that helps to
42 explain how the Milky Way originally formed.
43 BEYOND THE MILKY WAY: ANSWERS TO BASIC QUESTIONS
44 Looking beyond our galaxy with current telescopes, astronomers can study both middle-aged
45 and mature galaxies. When NASA's Hubble Space Telescope was pointed at one tiny speck of
46 sky for 10 days, the resulting image provided the most detailed view of the early universe ever
47 obtained. The image contains a bewildering assortment: 1,500 galaxies at various stages of
48 evolution, some dating back to the time when the universe was only a billion years old.
49 Within this deep-field image are recognizable shapes: spherical galaxies called ellipticals,
50 reddish in color by virtue of their light from mature stars, and crystal blue spiral galaxies, blazing
51 from the glow of their hot, young stars. There are also strange, "tadpole"-like objects, disturbed
52 and apparently merging galaxies dubbed "train wrecks," as well as a multitude of faint, "dwarf"

1
53 galaxies. Some of these objects may date back to the first generation of galaxies and stars. Did
54 these cosmic shards and fragments evolve into today's recognizable galaxies? Are they as small
55 as they appear, but bright from great bursts of star formation? Or, are they massive, with much of
56 their stellar population hidden from view by clouds of dust?
57 The answers to these questions remain tantalizingly out of reach, so the mystery remains.
58 Astronomers can only theorize about how density fluctuations in a sea of subatomic particles
59 could have formed the great variety of galaxy shapes and sizes that make up the universe as we
60 see it today. And understanding galaxy evolution is necessary for addressing the even more
61 fundamental questions about the expansion of space and the ultimate fate of the universe.
* Extraído e adaptado de: Hamilton, Calvin J. “Views of the Solar System.” 1997-2009. Disponível em: < http://solarviews.com/eng/
galaxyformation.htm>

De acordo com o texto A, escolha a alternativa que contém a resposta correta nas questões que
seguem.
- De acordo com o texto, a Via Láctea

a) foi nomeada pelos antigos de acordo com os mitos que explicavam a sua origem.
b) apesar de poder ser vista a olho nu, só foi descrita pela primeira vez por Galileu.
c) só pôde ser vista integralmente por Galileu com a ajuda de um telescópio.
d) é uma esfera composta de inúmeras estrelas de pouco brilho.
e) é um disco composto de bilhões de estrelas interligadas por poeira interestelar.

- O pronome “ours” (linha 7) se refere a

a) our view (linha 4).

b) our own Sun (linha 5).
c) home (linha 4).
d) the Milky Way (linha 6).
e) Edwin Hubble’s observations (linha 7).

- Pelo seu significado, a palavra “clusters” (linha 13) tem, respectivamente, como sinônimo e
antônimo mais próximos no texto, as palavras

a) galaxies (linha 13) – universe (linha 13)

b) galaxies (linha 13) – groupings (linha 14)
c) groupings (linha 14) – scattered (linha 13)
d) groupings (linha 14) – structures (linha 14)
e) randomly (linha 13) – universe (linha 13)

- Considere se as afirmações abaixo são verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F) de acordo com o texto.

( ) Até há pouco, nossa compreensão do universo estava limitada pela nossa capacidade visual.
( ) Hoje já se sabe que as estrelas se formaram a partir da matéria básica que forma as
galáxias.
( ) Atualmente, o conhecimento sobre o nascimento do cosmo supera em muito o que se sabe
sobre a vida humana.
( ) Nossa incapacidade de observar o universo diretamente faz com que tenhamos dificuldade
em compreender sua origem .

A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é

a) F–F–F–V
b) V–F–F–V
c) F–V–V–F
d) V–F–V–F
e) F–F–V–V
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- Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre a formação do universo:

I. Apesar de poder contar com telescópios cada vez mais potentes, os astrônomos possuem
ainda muito poucos dados sobre o universo para poder determinar a origem deste.
II. Nenhum astrônomo até hoje visualizou uma época anterior à formação das galáxias.
III. Há teorias sobre o período de nascimento das galáxias que podem ser completamente falsas.

Quais estão corretas de acordo com o texto?

a) Somente I.
b) Somente II.
c) Somente III.
d) Somente II e III.
e) I, II e III.

- De acordo com o texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que o telescópio espacial Hubble da NASA

a) permitiu conhecer melhor a primeira geração de galáxias e estrelas.

b) ficou apontado para uma porção ínfima do universo por 10 dias.
c) pode extrair imagens até então inalcançáveis por outros meios.
d) não permite determinar a magnitude de certas galáxias.
e) descobriu a presença de galáxias de formatos inusitados.

- Traduza para o português, de forma correta e fluente, os trechos que seguem:

a) Much as archaeologists do, astronomers must peel away the strata of time to unearth clues to the
birth of galaxies. (linhas 25‒26)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

b) The image contains a bewildering assortment: 1,500 galaxies at various stages of evolution, some
dating back to the time when the universe was only a billion years old. (linhas 47‒48)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

3
Texto B Mediterranean diet has benefits for the brain
01 Older men and women who ate a Mediterranean-style diet showed less shrinkage of the brain
02 than their peers who did not eat foods typical of the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean
03 diet, rich in vegetables and fruits, whole grains, fish and “good” fats like olive oil and low in meats
04 and saturated fats, has long been heralded for heart health.
05 The findings add to a growing body of evidence that what you eat can benefit brain health and
06 may help to delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. That evidence
07 has led the National Institute on Aging, part of the National Institutes of Health, to undertake a
08 major new study to further elucidate how diet impacts the aging brain.
09 “As we age, the brain shrinks and we lose brain cells which can affect learning and memory,”
10 said Michelle Luciano of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, the lead author of the latest
11 report. “This study adds to the body of evidence that suggests the Mediterranean diet has a
12 positive impact on brain health.” The findings appeared in the journal Neurology, from the
13 American Academy of Neurology.
14 For the study, researchers collected information on the eating habits of 967 Scottish people
15 around age 70. None had dementia at the start of the study. Their diets were ranked according to
16 how closely they adhered to a Mediterranean diet.
17 Some had MRI brain scans around age 73 to measure their brain volumes, and again at age
18 76. Preservation of brain volume is associated with healthy aging and less memory loss,
19 while shrinkage of the brain has been tied to brain aging and an increased risk of
20 Alzheimer’s and dementia.
21 The researchers found that those participants who ate a Mediterranean-style diet showed less
22 brain shrinkage, while those who least closely followed the diet showed the greatest loss of brain
23 volume. The impact of diet was about half the effects of normal aging, the researchers reported.
24 The researchers considered factors like low levels of education, advancing age, and medical
25 problems like diabetes or high blood pressure, all of which can increase the chances of
26 developing dementia. Still, diet had a significant impact on brain health.
27 The findings suggest that “diet may be able to provide long-term protection to the
28 brain,” said Dr. Luciano. The effects, she noted, may be due not to any particular food in
29 the Mediterranean diet, but to all of the dietary components “in combination.”
30 The findings come as the National Institute on Aging is starting a major, new $14.5 million study
31 to better understand how diet affects the aging brain and the course of Alzheimer’s disease. The
32 study, being conducted at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and the Harvard School of
33 Public Health in Boston, will enroll 600 volunteers aged 65 to 84 who do not have Alzheimer’s or
34 serious memory problems, but who are overweight and do not eat a heart-healthy diet.
35 “We hope to determine whether a specific diet affects or prevents the development of
36 Alzheimer’s disease,” said Martha Clare Morris, a nutritional epidemiologist at Rush and the
37 principal investigator of the study. “Trials to examine whether a change in diet will help prevent
38 Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias have been largely neglected. The results of this study
39 should help us to improve brain health by developing new dietary guidelines for clinical use and
40 for public health education.”
41 The trial will last three years and include dietary counseling, medical consultations and group
42 support. Some participants will follow the so-called MIND diet, which earlier studies have shown
43 has benefits for brain health. It incorporates many components of the Mediterranean-style,
44 including nine “brain-healthy food groups,” such as chicken and fish, green leafy vegetables and
45 berries, and nuts – and five unhealthy groups: red meat, butter and stick margarine, cheese,
46 pastries and sweets, and fried or fast food.
47 Many other factors besides diet, including the genes you inherit and advancing age, play an
48 important role in who ultimately develops Alzheimer’s. Still, the findings add to a growing body of
49 evidence that a heart-healthy lifestyle, and what you eat, may help keep the brain young.
*Extraído e adaptado de: Michelle Luciano et al. Mediterranean-type diet and brain structural change from 73 to 76 years in a
Scottish cohort. Neurology (4 Jan. 2017). Disponível em: http://www.alzinfo.org/articles/prevention/mediterranean-diet-has-
benefits-for-the-brain/. Acesso em 25/05/2017.

4
De acordo com o texto B, escolha a alternativa que contém a resposta correta nas questões
que seguem.

- De acordo com o trecho contido entre as linhas 1 e 4, é INCORRETO afirmar que a dieta típica
região do Mediterrâneo é rica em

a) vegetais.
b) grãos integrais.
c) peixe.
d) carnes.
e) azeite de oliva.

- De acordo com o trecho contido entre as linhas 1 e 8, é INCORRETO afirmar que

a) idosos que seguiam uma dieta de estilo mediterrâneo apresentaram menor redução do cérebro
em relação aos idosos que não seguiam a mesma dieta.
b) recentemente a dieta de estilo mediterrâneo passou a ser recomendada como saudável para o
coração.
c) os resultados da pesquisa mencionada no texto corroboram a relação já evidenciada sobre
alimentação e saúde cerebral.
d) dependendo da dieta adotada, é possível que o início da doença de Alzheimer e de outras
formas de demência venha a ser retardado.
e) o National Institute on Aging está iniciando um importante novo estudo sobre o impacto da
dieta no cérebro, à medida que vamos envelhecendo

- A expressão “the study”, (linha 14) refere-se aos dados de uma pesquisa que

a) apresenta a idade como causa do surgimento da demência.

b) mostra o efeito de hábitos alimentares no cérebro dos jovens.
c) ainda não foi publicada.
d) teve seus resultados divulgados por Michelle Luciano, entre outros.
e) analisou pacientes em estado avançado de Alzheimer.

- De acordo com as informações apresentadas sobre o estudo nas linhas 14-26, a pesquisa
relatada no texto considerou os seguintes fatores, EXCETO

a) problemas médicos, tais como diabetes e pressão alta.

b) baixo nível social.
c) hábitos alimentares.
d) idade avançada.
e) demência.

- A alternativa INCORRETA quanto ao estudo iniciado pelo National Institute on Aging (linha 30)
é

a) O estudo acompanhará 600 voluntários entre 65 e 84 anos de idade que não apresentam
diagnóstico de Alzheimer ou problemas sérios de memória.
b) O estudo está sendo realizado na Rush University em Chicago e na Harvard University em
Boston.
c) O estudo procura verificar se uma dieta específica é capaz de afetar ou evitar o
desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer.
d) Os sujeitos do estudo apresentam sobrepeso e não observam uma dieta considerada saudável
para o coração.
e) A investigadora principal do estudo afirma que testes sobre o efeito de mudanças na dieta para
prevenção da doença de Alzheimer e outras demências têm recebido ampla atenção.

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- Com base na informação das linhas 41-49 do texto, marque a alternativa INCORRETA em
relação ao que é afirmado no texto.

a) O teste mencionado na linha 41 será realizado ao longo de 3 anos, e incluirá aconselhamento

nutricional, acompanhamento médico e grupo de apoio.
b) Durante o teste, os sujeitos seguirão a dieta “MIND”.
c) A dieta “MIND” apresenta semelhanças e diferenças em relação à dieta mediterrânea.
d) Entre os fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer estão a
alimentação, a genética, a idade e o estilo de vida saudável para o coração.
e) São crescentes as evidências indicando que um estilo de vida saudável para o coração e o
tipo de alimentação adotada podem ajudar a manter nosso cérebro jovem

- Traduza para o português, de forma correta e fluente, os trechos que seguem:

a) Preservation of brain volume is associated with healthy aging and less memory loss, while
shrinkage of the brain has been tied to brain aging and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s and
dementia. (linhas 18-20)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

b) The findings suggest that “diet may be able to provide long-term protection to the brain,” said Dr.
Luciano. The effects, she noted, may be due not to any particular food in the Mediterranean diet,
but to all of the dietary components “in combination.” (linhas 27-29)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….