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HUFHLUR TXHV LR iULR

SD D R ILVVmR JH DO

3 LPHL R PDQ DPHQ R

p
1mR HP IDO DGR KDEL XDOPHQ H DRV VHUP HV
1mR HP FRQVHQ LGR YROXQ DULDPHQ H HP G YL
GDV FRQ UD D )p 1mR DV HP SURYRFDGR HP RX URV
1mR HP VHP UD mR SODXVtYHO RX VHP OLFHQoD
GD DX RULGDGH HFOHVLiV LFD OLGR FRQVHUYDGR RX SUR
SDJDGR OLYURV H HVFUL RV MRUQDLV H UHYLV DV FRQ UD D
UHOLJLmR /LYURV GH RX UDV UHOLJL HV
1mR HP IDODGR FRQ UD D UHOLJLmR 1mR HP FUL
LFDGR DV SHVVRDV RX FRV XPHV HFOHVLiV LFRV 1mR
HP RPDGR SDU H HP VHPHOKDQ HV FRQYHUVDV TXDQGR
RX URV DV UDYDUDP 7HP LGR YHUJRQKD GD UHOLJLmR
0RV UDGR UHVSHL R KXPDQR JLGR FRQ UD D FRQVFLrQ
FLD )UHTXHQ DGR VHP QHFHVVLGDGH R FXO R GH RX UDV
UHOLJL HV )UHTXHQ DGR FROpJLRV GH RX UDV UHOLJL HV
RX PDQGDGR RV ILOKRV D DLV FROpJLRV

VSH D oD
7HP GXYLGDGR FRQVFLHQ HPHQ H GD PLVHULFyUGLD GL
YLQD FRQVHQ LQGR YROXQ DULDPHQ H HP SHQVDPHQ RV GH
GHVHVSHUR 7HP PDQLIHV DGR HVVHV SHQVDPHQ RV RX G
YLGDV 7HP FRPH LGR SHFDGRV HP YLV D GD IDFLOLGDGH GD
&RQILVVmR RX SUHVXPLQGR D PLVHULFyUGLD GLYLQD

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DL D H
7HP DOLPHQ DGR GHOLEHUDGDPHQ H HP VHX FRUD
omR R yGLR RX GHVSUH R SRU HXV H DV FRLVDV GLYLQDV
7HP PXUPXUDGR FRQ UD HXV &RQ UD DV GLVSR
VLo HV GD LYLQD 3URYLGrQFLD

2 Dom
7HP RPL LGR VXDV RUDo HV FR LGLDQDV SRU XP HP
SR FRQVLGHUiYHO

6 SH V Lom
7HP VH HQ UHJXH D SUi LFDV VXSHUV LFLRVDV FDU R
PDQFLDV VRU LOpJLRV H F )RL SRU FRQYLFomR RX OHYLDQ
GDGH 7HP SDU LFLSDGR GH D RV GH RX UDV UHOLJL HV

6DF LOpJL V
7HP UHFHELGR VDFULOHJDPHQ H DOJXP 6DFUDPHQ R
7HP DEXVDGR GDV FRLVDV VDJUDGDV H SURSyVL R )DO
DGR JUDYHPHQ H DR UHVSHL R D SHVVRDV FRQVDJUDGDV
D HXV

6HJXQ R PDQ DPHQ R

7HP SURQXQFLDGR R QRPH GH HXV RX GRV 6DQ RV
FRP LUD 3RU FRV XPH 7HP HPSUHJDGR DV SDODYUDV GD
6DJUDGD (VFUL XUD HP SLOKpULDV LQFRQYHQLHQ HV 7HP
ULGLFXODUL DGR SDVVDJHQV GD (VFUL XUD

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7HP SHQVDGR RX IDODGR FRP GHVSUH R GH HXV
GRV 6DQ RV GDV FRLVDV VDJUDGDV EODVIrPLDV
7HP SURIHULGR PDOGLo HV FRQ UD HXV RV 6DQ
RV DV FRLVDV VDJUDGDV EODVIrPLDV
7HP ODQoDGR LPSUHFDo HV RX PDOGLo HV FRQ UD
DOJXpP DEXVDQGR SDUD HV H ILP GRV QRPHV GH HXV
RX GRV 6DQ RV LPSUHFDomR EODVIrPLD

DPH V
7HP MXUDGR IDOVR 7HP MXUDGR GXYLGDQGR GD
YHUGDGH GR TXH DILUPDYD )RL HP MXt R 7HP DFRQVH
OKDGR D RX URV TXH R IL HVVHP 7HP FRP LVVR FDXVDGR
GDQR DR SUy LPR
7HP VLGR LQILHO D DOJXPD SURPHVVD MXUDGD TXH
SXGHVVH HU FXPSULGR

9 V S PHVVDV
7HP YLRODGR YR RV RX SURPHVVDV 3RU FRPSOH R RX
HP SDU H 7HP DGLDGR QR DYHOPHQ H H VHP PR LYR R
FXPSULPHQ R GHOHV

7H HL R PDQ DPHQ R
VVLV r FLD j 0LVVD
7HP GHL DGR GH RXYLU 0LVVD VHP PR LYR OHJt L
PR QRV GRPLQJRV H GLDV VDQ RV GH JXDUGD 7HP FKH
JDGR DUGH SRU VXD FXOSD 7HP VH UH LUDGR FHGR VHP
PR LYR

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7HP VHP UD mR OHJt LPD LPSHGLGR RX URV HP
SUHJDGRV GH RXYLU 0LVVD
7HP LGR GLV UDo HV YROXQ iULDV 7HP IDO DGR DR
UHVSHL R H HUQR GXUDQ H R 6DJUDGR 6DFULItFLR

EV H om DV E DV VH LV
7HP VH RFXSDGR VHP QHFHVVLGDGH GH REUDV VHU
YLV QRV GRPLQJRV H GLDV VDQ RV GH JXDUGD 7HP SHU
PL LGR RX REULJDGR RX URV D UDEDOKDUHP 3RU TXDQ R
HPSR 3RU TXH PR LYR
7HP SURIDQDGR RV GRPLQJRV H IHV DV FRP GLYHU
LPHQ RV SHUQLFLRVRV RX H FHVVRV HVFDQGDORVRV

4XD R PDQ DPHQ R

H H HV V ILO V
5HVSHL R
7HP GHVSUH DGR VHXV SDLV 7HP RPEDGR GHOHV
7HP IDODGR PDO GHOHV 7HP LGR YHUJRQKD GHOHV
7HP OKHV UHVSRQGLGR FRP VREHUED H DUURJ QFLD
7HP QRV UD DGR FRP GXUH D
PR
7HP OKHV GHVHMDGR PDO 7HP OKHV FDXVDGR JUDQ
GHV DIOLo HV H GHVJRV RV
7HP GHL DGR GH RV VRFRUUHU QDV VXDV QHFHVVLGD
GHV 7HP OKHV H SUREUDGR VHXV GHIHL RV 7HP UHFXVD
GR VXSRU i ORV

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2EH LrQ LD
7HP QHJDGR REHGLrQFLD D VHXV SDLV HP FRLVDV
LPSRU DQ HV
7HP UHVPXQJDGR FRQ UD VXDV RUGHQV GLVSRVL
o HV RX FRQ UD RV FDV LJRV TXH FRP MXV R PR LYR OKH
GHUDP
3RU SDLV VH HQ HQGHP DTXL DPEpP RV TXH ID HP
VXDV YH HV DLV FRPR RV SDLV DGR LYRV X RUHV SDGUL
QKRV H PDGULQKDV

2E LJDo HV HFtS FDV H H L Pm V H L PmV

7HP YLYLGR GXUDQ H PXL R HPSR HP GHVDFRUGR RX
LQLPL DGHV FRP VHXV LUPmRV H LUPmV 7HP QRV LQMX
ULDGR D LGR 0DO UD DGR *UDYHPHQ H 7HP OKHV
GHVHMDGR PDO 7HP OKHV GDGR PDX H HPSOR 7HP
GHL DGR GH LPSHGLU VXDV IDO DV VHJXQGR VXDV IRUoDV H
FRPXQLFDQGR DV DRV VHXV SDLV

4XLQ R PDQ DPHQ R

D L D H SD D F P S LP
H H HV TXDQ R DR R SR
7HP SUHMXGLFDGR D VD GH GR SUy LPR 3RU PDXV
UD RV &DXVDQGR OKH JUDQGHV DIOLo HV SRU LQMXV LoDV
7HP LQMXULDGR LQVXO DGR R SUy LPR 7HP SURIHULGR
PDOGLo HV RX LPSUHFDo HV FRQ UD HOH
7HP LGR GLVSX DV H UL DV 7HP VLGR YLROHQ R
LUDVFtYHO FRQ UD RX UHP

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7HP QX ULGR yGLR RX LQLPL DGH HP VHX FRUDomR
i TXDQ R HPSR
0D RX DOJXpP HVHMDGR D PRU H FRQVHOKDGR
D RX URV TXH PD DVVHP MXGDGR HP SODQRV GH PRU H
7HP LGR LQYHMD 7HP VH DOHJUDGR FRP D GHVJUD
oD DOKHLD 7HP GHVHMDGR PDO DR SUy LPR
H H HV TXDQ R j DOPD
7HP DSURYDGR RX ORXYDGR R PDX SURFHGLPHQ R
GRV RX URV 7HP OHYDGR R SUy LPR D ID HU PDO TXH
SHFDGR
7HP FRRSHUDGR QR SHFDGR GH RX UHP 7HP HP
SUHV DGR PDXV OLYURV OHYDGR D DVVLV LU D PDXV ILOPHV
SURJUDPDV GH 79 RX LQ HUQH PRV UDGR RX H SRV R
LPDJHQV REVFHQDV 7HP YHQGLGR PDXV OLYURV RX LPD
JHQV LPRUDLV
7HP VLGR RFDVLmR GH SHFDGR PRU DO SDUD RX URV
SRU PiV FRQYHUVDV FDQ LJDV UXLQV PRGDV LQGHFHQ HV
JHV RV REVFHQRV RX PDXV H HPSORV HVF QGDOR
7HP LPSHGLGR R SHFDGR GRV RX URV TXDQGR R GH
YLD H SRGLD

FD L D H SD D F VLJ PHVP
7HP VH HPEHEHGDGR 1R DYHOPHQ H 7HP SUHMXGL
FDGR D VXD VD GH SRU XPD LQ HPSHUDQoD SURORQJDGD
RX GH DOJXPD RX UD PDQHLUD 7HP GHVHMDGR D PRU H D
VL SUySULR 2X IHL R HQ D LYDV GH VXLFtGLR

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6H R H QRQR PDQ DPHQ RV
3H VDPH V H HVHM V
7HP VH GHPRUDGR YROXQ DULDPHQ H HP SHQVD
PHQ RV H LPDJLQDo HV LPSXUDV
7HP LGR GHVHMRV FXOSiYHLV GH YHU RXYLU RX ID
HU FRLVDV GHVRQHV DV 7HP VH GHOHL DGR QD OHPEUDQoD
GRV SHFDGRV LPSXURV FRPH LGRV QD VXD YLGD SDVVDGD

H VDV
7HP UDYDGR PiV FRQYHUVDV 7HP RXYLGR PiV FRQ
YHUVDV RX DV HP RFDVLRQDGR &RP SHVVRDV GR PHV
PR RX GR RX UR VH R 1D SUHVHQoD GH FULDQoDV 7HP
FDQ DGR FDQ LJDV GHVRQHV DV

HL DV
7HP OLGR OLYURV RX HVFUL RV LPRUDLV 7HP GDGR HV
VHV OLYURV SDUD RX URV OHUHP 7HP HVFUL R RX GHVHQKD
GR FRLVDV REVFHQDV 7HP PRV UDGR RX YHQGLGR HVFUL
RV TXDGURV RX REMH RV REVFHQRV 7HP VH LQIRUPDGR
HP OLYURV VREUH PD pULDV O EULFDV FRP Pi LQ HQomR

9LV DV
7HP ROKDGR FRP PDOtFLD SDUD FRLVDV LQGHFHQ HV
(P VHX FRUSR 2X QR FRUSR GH RX URV (P LPDJHQV
HV i XDV 7HP ROKDGR SDUD FRLVDV GHVRQHV DV FRP
FXULRVLGDGH

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7HP SDVVDGR LPDJHQV RX TXDGURV REVFHQRV D
RX URV 7HP IDO DGR FRP D PRGpV LD YHV LQGR VH RX
GHVSLQGR VH HP SUHVHQoD GH RX URV 7HP GDGR HVF Q
GDOR SHOR XVR GH URXSDV LQGHFHQ HV

o HV
7HP SHFDGR SRU RTXHV LPSXURV 3RU Do HV LPSX
UDV 6y RX FRP RX URV 7HP VRIULGR DLV FRLVDV VHP
OKHV RSRU XPD UHVLV rQFLD HQpUJLFD )RL FRP SHVVRD
GR PHVPR RX GH RX UR VH R (UDP HODV SHVVRDV GH
VLPSHGLGDV FDVDGDV SDUHQ HV 1mR HP D GHFODUDU
FLUFXQV QFLDV DJUDYDQ HV RX FLUFXQV QFLDV HVSHFLDLV
D UHVSHL R GHV DV IDO DV 7HP OHYDGR RX UDV SHVVRDV D
SUD LFDU D RV LPSXURV 2X GHVHMDGR ID r ORV

2FDVL HV SH LJ VDV
7HP DVVLV LGR D UHSUHVHQ Do HV HD UDLV LPRUDLV
2X D VHVV HV FLQHPD RJUiILFDV GH 79 RX LQ HUQH OL
YUHV RX LPRUDLV 7HP FRQYLGDGR RX OHYDGR RX UDV
SHVVRDV D DLV UHSUHVHQ Do HV 7HP IUHT HQ DGR PiV
FRPSDQKLDV SRGHQGR HYL i ODV 7HP SURFXUDGR RX
UDV RFDVL HV SHULJRVDV VHP GHVFXOSDV QHP UD mR
0DQ pP UHODo HV FXOSRVDV SHVVRDOPHQ H RX SRU PHLR
GD LQ HUQH i TXDQ R HPSR

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6p LPR H p LPR PDQ DPHQ RV
HI D H
7HP LUDGR DOJXPD FRLVD GH VHXV SDLV SD U HV
RX HV UDQKRV )RL REMH R GH YDORU 7HP LUDGR FRLVDV
SHTXHQDV SRU PXL DV YH HV
7HP FLHQ HPHQ H DFHL DGR FRPSUDGR RX YHQGL
GR REMH RV LQMXV DPHQ H DGTXLULGRV 7HP UH LGR LQMXV
DPHQ H XPD FRLVD DFKDGD
7HP HQJDQDGR R SUy LPR (P FRLVDV LPSRU DQ
HV 7HP VDOGDGR VXDV GtYLGDV QR SUD R PDUFDGR SR
GHQGR SDJi ODV
7HP VH DSURYHL DGR GD QHFHVVLGDGH GR SUy LPR
SDUD VH HQULTXHFHU 7HP XVDGR SHVR H PHGLGDV IDOVRV
SDUD HQJDQDU R SUy LPR
7HP LUDGR JXDUGDGR RX YHQGLGR LQMXV DPHQ H
EHQV GD ,JUHMD

D VL M V V
7HP IHL R PDO R UDEDOKR DR TXDO HV i REULJDGR
7HP GDQLILFDGR QR DYHOPHQ H D SURSULHGDGH
DOKHLD SRU PDOtFLD RX SRU QHJOLJrQFLD FXOSiYHO SUR
SULHGDGH HUD GD ,JUHMD 7HP GDGR FRQVHOKR RX RUGHP
SDUD IXU DU GHIUDXGDU RX GDQLILFDU EHQV GR SUy LPR
(UDP EHQV GD ,JUHMD 7HP FRRSHUDGR HP DLV LQMXV L
oDV ( FRPR
7HP GHL DGR GH UHV L XLU R EHP DGTXLULGR LQ
MXV DPHQ H RX GH UHSDUDU DV VXDV LQMXV LoDV SRGHQGR
ID r OR
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HVHM H F PH H L M V LoDV
7HP LGR GHVHMR GH IXU DU GHIUDXGDU RX GDQLILFDU D
SURSULHGDGH DOKHLD 3RU LQYHMD YLQJDQoD RX SRU TXH
PR LYR

2L D R PDQ DPHQ R
LVF Lo HV
7HP YLRODGR VHJUHGRV GH LPSRU QFLD 6HJUHGRV
FRQILDGRV 7HP DEHU R H OLGR FDU DV GH RX UHP VHP
SDUD LVVR HU DX RUL DomR &DXVRX FRP LVVR GDQR QR i
YHO GLVFyUGLD RX JUDYHV GHVJRV RV

0H L D
7HP PHQ LGR &DXVRX LVVR JUDYHV SUHMXt RV DR
SUy LPR 7HP VH RUQDGR FXOSDGR GH D RV GH GXSOLFL
GDGH 2X GH KLSRFULVLD

H Dom
7HP RUQDGR FRQKHFLGDV VHP QHFHVVLGDGH DV
IDO DV H GHIHL RV RFXO RV GR SUy LPR 7HP OKH FRP
LVVR FDXVDGR GDQR PD HULDO RX QD ERD UHSX DomR
7HP OKH D ULEXtGR IDOVDPHQ H FHU DV IDO DV RX GH
IHL RV (UDP HVVDV IDO DV RX GHIHL RV GHVRQURVRV 7HP
H DJHUDGR VXDV IDO DV RX GHIHL RV UHDLV
7HP SUHMXGLFDGR D UHSX DomR GRV VXSHULRUHV RX
GH XPD IDPtOLD LQ HLUD

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7HP SUHMXGLFDGR D UHSX DomR GRV VDFHUGR HV RX
SHVVRDV FRQVDJUDGDV D HXV
7HP HVFX DGR FRP VD LVIDomR PDOHGLFrQFLDV RX
FDO QLDV
7HP SURYRFDGR GLVVHQV HV RX LQLPL DGHV SRU
PH HULFRV 7HP LQMXULDGR LQVXO DGR R SUy LPR 6X
SHULRUHV 6DFHUGR HV
7HP OHYDQ DGR VXVSHL DV JUDYHV GH DOJXpP VHP
PR LYR SODXVtYHO 7HP PDQLIHV DGR HVVDV VXVSHL DV
7HP IHL R MXt RV HPHUiULRV
7HP IHL R HVIRUoRV SDUD UHSDUDU R PHOKRU SRVVt
YHO R SUHMXt R DR SUy LPR QD VXD IRU XQD RX QD VXD
ERD UHSX DomR

0DQ DPHQ RV D ,J HMD

7HP FRPLGR FDUQH QRV GLDV HP TXH D ,JUHMD R
SURtEH 7HP VHUYLGR FDUQH j VXD IDPtOLD RX D KyVSH
GHV HX RUGHP SDUD TXH DO VH IL HVVH
7HP VH GLVSHQVDQGR VHP PR LYR MXV R GH RGR
RX HP SDU H GD OHL GR MHMXP
7HP GHL DGR GH UHFHEHU D &RPXQKmR 3DVFDO
HL RX GH FRQ ULEXLU FRP VXDV HVPRODV SDUD DV
REUDV SLDV UHFRPHQGDGDV SHOR 6DQ R 3DGUH H SHOR LV
SR 1HJD VXDV HVPRODV DRV QHFHVVL DGRV

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