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4º TRABALHO
(Lista de exercícios)
OUTUBRO DE 2016
1. LISTA DE EXERCÍCIOS
1
1 2 2 2 2
σ a=
√2
[
( σ arr−σ aθθ) + (σ θθa−σ azz) + ( σ azz−σ arr ) ]
1
1 2 2 2 2
σ m=
√2
[
( σ mrr−σ mθθ) + (σ θθm−σ mzz) + (σ mzz−σ mrr ) ]
PR
Aberto: σ θθ = ,σ zz =σ rr =0
e
0
a
⏞
max ( σ θθ )−min(σ θθ ) max ( σ θθ ) PR
σ θθ = = =
2 2 2e
0
m
max ( σ θθ ) ⏞
+ min(σ θθ ) max ( σ θθ ) PR
σ θθ = = =
2 2 2e
PR PR
Fechado: σ θθ = ,σ zz= , σ =0
e 2 e rr
0
a
⏞
max ( σ θθ )−min(σ θθ ) max ( σ θθ ) PR
σ θθ = = =
2 2 2e
0
m
max ( σ θθ ) ⏞
+ min(σ θθ ) max ( σ θθ ) PR
σ θθ = = =
2 2 2e
0
⏞
max ( σ zz ) −min(σ zz ) max ( σ zz ) PR
σ azz = = =
2 2 4e
0
max ( σ zz ) ⏞
+min(σ zz ) max ( σ zz ) PR
σ mzz = = =
2 2 4e
Logo,
Aberto:
1
1 2 2 2
σ a= ( σ arr−σ aθθ) + (σ θθa−σ azz) + ( σ azz−σ arr ) 2 =¿
[ ]
√2
2 2 2 1
[( ) ] = √12 [ (−σ ) + (σ
0 0 0 0 2
σ a=
1 ⏞a
√2
) (
σ rr −σ aθθ + σ aθθ −σ⏞azz + ⏞ )(
σ azz −σ⏞arr a 2
θθ )
θθ
1
a 2 2
] =
1
√2
[
2 ( σ θθ]
1
) =σ aθθ= PR
a 2 2
2e
1
1 2 2 2 2
σ m=
√2
[
( σ mrr−σ mθθ) + (σ θθm−σ mzz) + (σ mzz−σ mrr ) ]
2 1
0
σ m=
1 ⏞m
√2
[( a
) (
σ rr −σ mθθ + σ mθθ −σ⏞mzz + ⏞
0 2
)(
σ mzz −σ⏞mrr
0 0
) ] = √12 [ (−σ ) + (σ
2 2
m 2
θθ
1
m 2 2
θθ) ] =
1
√2
[ m 2 2
2 ( σ θθ ]
1
) =σ mθθ= PR
2e
Fechado:
1
1 2 2 2
σ a= ( σ arr−σ aθθ) + (σ θθa−σ azz) + ( σ azz−σ arr ) 2 =¿
[ ]
√2
2 2 1
[( ) ] = √12 [( −PR
0 0 2 2 1
σ a=
1 ⏞a
√2
) (
σ rr −σ aθθ + ( σ aθθ −σ azz ) + σ azz −σ⏞arr
2
2e )
2
+(
PR PR
−
2e 4 e ) +(
PR
4e ) ] =
2
1 −PR
[ (
√2 2 e ) +2 (
2 PR
4e )
2 2
1
1 2 2 2 2
σ m=
√2
[
( σ mrr−σ mθθ) + (σ θθm−σ mzz) + (σ mzz−σ mrr ) ]
2 1
0
σ m=
√2
[( )
1 ⏞m
a
2
(
σ rr −σ mθθ + ( σ mθθ −σ mzz ) + σ mzz −σ⏞mrr
0
) ] = √12 [( −PR
2 2
2e ) +(
2
PR PR
−
2e 4 e ) +(
PR
4e ) ] =
2
1 −PR
[ (
√2 2 e )
2 1
+2 (
2PR
4e )
2
σa σa σ m
Su = <S e → + <1
σ S e Su
1− m
Su
P0 R 1 1
Vaso aberto: (
+
2 e S l Su
<1
)
2 e S e Su
a) P0 <
R Se+ S u
P 0 R Se +S u
b) e >
2 S e Su
3 P0 R 1 1
Vaso fechado:
√ (
+
16 2 e S l S u)<1
3 e Se S u
a) P0 <
√ 16 R S e + Su
3 S +S
b) e >
√16
(P0 R) e u
Se Su
Observação: Os critérios de plastificação e o de fadiga devem ser verificados
simultaneamente, principalmente nos casos onde a tensão é obtida à partir da Teoria da
Elasticidade.
Vaso aberto:
PR
σ a=σ m=
2e
σa σm 1 1 S u +S e PR S u + Se
+ < 1∴ σ a
Se S u
+
Se Su (
<1 ∴ σ a
)
Se Su (
<1∴ )
2 e S e Su( <1 )
2 e Se S u
P< (
R S u+ S e )
PR S e + S u
e> (
2 Se Su )
Vaso fechado:
3 PR
σ a=σ m=
√ 16 e
σa σm 1 1 S u +S e 3 PR S u +S e
+ < 1∴ σ a
Se S u
+
Se Su (
<1 ∴ σ a
)
Se Su (
<1∴ ) √
16 e S e S u (<1 )
16 2e Se S u
P<
√ ( )
3 R S u+ S e
3 S e + Su
e>
√ ( )
16
(PR )
Se Su
σa σm P R 1 1
+ < 1→ 0
Se S u
+
4 e Sl Su
<1
( )
4 e S e Su
a) P0 <
R S e +S u
P 0 R Se +S u
b) e >
4 S e Su
Vasos esféricos:
σ rr ≈ 0 0 0
σ=
( 0
0
σ θθ ≈
0
PR
2e
0
σ ϕϕ ≈
0
PR
2e
)
a
⏞
max ( σ θθ )−min(σ θθ ) max ( σ θθ ) PR
σ θθ = = =
2 2 4e
0
m
max ( σ θθ ) ⏞
+ min(σ θθ ) max ( σ θθ ) PR
σ θθ = = =
2 2 4e
0
⏞
max ( σ ϕϕ ) −min(σ ϕϕ ) max ( σ ϕϕ ) PR
σ aϕϕ= = =
2 2 4e
0
max ( σ ϕϕ ) ⏞
+min( σ ϕϕ ) max ( σ ϕϕ ) PR
σ mϕϕ= = =
2 2 4e
1
1 2 2 2
σ a= ( σ arr−σ aθθ) + (σ θθa−σ azz) + ( σ azz−σ arr ) 2 =¿
[ ]
√2
2 1
2 1 0
[( ) ( ) ( ) ]
2 2
[( )]
0 0
2 1
σ a=
1 ⏞a
√2
)
σ rr −σ θθ + ( σ θθ −σ ϕϕ ) + σ ϕϕ −σ⏞rr
a a a 2 a a
( 2
=
1 −PR 2 ⏞
√2 4 e
+
PR PR
4 e
−
2 e
+
PR
4e
2
=
1
2
PR
[ ( )]
√2 4 e
2
=
PR
4e
1
1 2 2 2 2
σ m=
√2
[
( σ mrr−σ mθθ) + (σ θθm−σ mzz) + (σ mzz−σ mrr ) ]
2 1 1
0 2
[( ) )]
2 2 0
[( ) ( ) ( ) ]
0 2
2 1
σ m=
1 ⏞m
√2
a
(
σ rr −σ mθθ + ( σ mθθ −σ mϕϕ ) + σ mϕϕ −σ⏞mrr
2
=
1 −PR 2 ⏞
√2 4 e
+
PR PR
4 e
−
2 e
+
PR
4e
2
=
1
2
PR
[ ( )]
√2 4 e
2
=
PR
4e
PR
σ a=σ m=
2e
σa σm 1 1 S u +S e PR S u + Se
+ < 1∴ σ a
Se S u
+
Se Su (
<1 ∴ σ a
Se Su )
<1∴ (
4 e S e Su
<1 ) ( )
4 e Se Su
P< (
R S u+ S e )
PR S e + S u
e> (
4 Se Su )
d
EXERCÍCIO 22 – Verifique que σ a e σ mno ponto (r = =θ=θ^ , z=^z ) são dados por:
2
2 2
32 K T Aa ^ az
(d 1
σ a r= =θ=θ^ , z =^z = 3
2 d ) √( π ) (+3
16 K TS M
π )
Aa = ( M
^ ax sin ( θ )− M
^ ay cos ( θ ) )
2 2
32 K T Am ^ az
σm ( d 1
r= =θ=θ^ , z=^z = 3
2 d ) √( π ) (
+3
16 K TS M
π )
Am = ( M
^ mx sin ( θ )− M
^ my cos ( θ ) )
Solução
K TS r
σ θz ( r , θ , z , t )= ( )
J
M z (z , t)
π d4 π d4
I= ;J=
64 32
KT d
K r
( )
σ zz ( r ,θ , z , t )= T [ M z ( z , t ) sin ( θ )−M y ( z , t ) cos ( θ ) ]=
I
2
( )
π d4
64
[ M z ( z , t ) sin ( θ ) −M y ( z ,t ) cos ( θ ) ]=32
KT
( )
π d3
K TS r K TS
a
σ θz = ( ) J
a
M z =16
πd 3
a
Mz ( )
σ θzm = ( KJ r ) M =16 ( πKd ) M
TS m
z
TS
3
m
z
KTr KT
a
( )
σ zz =
I
[ a a
( )
M x sin ( θ )−M y cos ( θ ) ]=32
πd 3 [
a a
M x sin ( θ )−M y cos (θ ) ]
K r K
σ =( ) M sin ( θ )−M cos ( θ ) ]=32 (
πd )
m T m m T m m
zz
I
[ x [ M sin ( θ )−M cos ( θ ) ]
y 3 x y
2 2 2 1
[( )]
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
σ a=
1 ⏞a ⏞
√2
σ rr −σ aθθ + ⏞ )( )(
σ aθθ −σ azz + σ azz −σ⏞arr + 6 ⏞
σ arθ + σ aθz +σ⏞azr ) (
1 1 2 2
32 K T Aa M az
σ a=
1
√2
{[ 2
2 ( σ azz ) +3 ( σ aθz ) ] } =[ ( σ
2 a 2
zz ) +3 ( σ )]a
θz
2 1
= 3
d √( π
+3
16 K TS ^
π d3) ( )
Aa = ( M
^ ax sin ( θ )− M
^ ay cos ( θ ) )
1
1 2 2 2 2
σ m=
√2
[
( σ mrr−σ mθθ) + (σ θθm−σ mzz) + (σ mzz−σ mrr ) +6 ( σ mrθ+ σ mθz +σ mzr ) ]
2 2 2 1
[( )]
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
σ m=
1 ⏞m ⏞
√2
σ rr −σ mθθ + ⏞ )( )(
σ mθθ −σ mzz + σ mzz −σ⏞mrr + 6 ⏞
σ mrθ + σ mθz +σ⏞mzr ) (
1 1 2 2
32 K T Am M mz
σ m=
1
√2
{[ 2
2 ( σ mzz ) +3 ( σ mθz ) ] } =[ ( σ
2 m 2
zz ) +3 ( σ )]
m
θz
2 1
= 3
d √( π
+3
16 K TS ^
) (
π d3 )
Am = ( M
^ mx sin ( θ )− M
^ my cos ( θ ) )
[ )]
a 2 ^ az 2 1 m 2 ^ mz 2
d>
1
Su √( 32 K T A
π ) ( +3
16 K TS M
π
+
Se ) √( 32 K T A
π ) ( +3
16 K TS M
π d3
SOLUÇÃO
[ √( )] [ √( )]
2 2 2 2
1 1 32 K T A a M az
16 K TS ^ 1 1 32 K T A m M mz
16 K TS ^
Se d3 π
+3 ) (π d3
+
Su d3 π
+3 ) (
π d3
<1
Isolando-se o diâmetro:
{ [√( )] [ √( ) ]}
2 2 2 2
1 1 32 K T Aa ^ az
16 K TS M 1 32 K T A m M mz
16 K TS ^
d 3 Se π
+3) ( π d3
+
Su π ) (
+3
π d3
<1
{ [ √( ) ] [ √( ) ]}
2 2 2 2
1 32 K T A a M az
16 K TS ^ 1 32 K T A m ^ mz
16 K TS M
3
d >
Se π ) (
+3
π d3
+
Su π
+3) ( π d3
1 /3
d>
{ [ √(
1
Se
32 K T A
π
a 2
) ( +3
π d3
M az
16 K TS ^
) ] [ √(
2
+
1
Su
32 K T A
π
m 2
) ( +3
π d3
^ mz
16 K TS M
) ]}
2
EXERCÍCIO 24 – Compare a fórmula obtida para a vida infinita com a obtida para evitar a
plastificação.
1/ 3
d inf >
{ [√(
1
Se
32 K T A
π
a 2
) ( +3
π d3
^ az
16 K TS M
)]
2
+
1
Su [ √( 32 K T A
π
m 2
) ( +3
π d3
M mz
16 K TS ^
) ]}
2
1 /6
^x 2 2
d plas >
[( ) ( ) ]
32 M
πσy
+3
16 M
^z
π σy
M x ( z=^z )= ^ ^z
M x e M z ( z=^z )= M
EXERCÍCIO – Determine o maior diâmetro d possível para que a vida seja infinita.
σ zz 0 0
(
σ= 0 0 0
0 0 0 )
KT F
σ zz =
A
A=( w−d ) t
SOLUÇÃO
⏞
max ( σ ZZ ) −min(σ ZZ ) max ( σ ZZ ) KT F
σ aZZ= = =
2 2 2 ( w−d ) t
0
max ( σ ZZ ) ⏞
+min (σ ZZ) max ( σ ZZ ) K T F KTF
σ mZZ= = = =
2 2 2 A 2 ( w−d ) t
σ aZZ=σ mZZ
σ azz σ mzz 1 1 S +S KT F Su + Se
Se Su
+ <1 ∴σ azz +
(
Se Su )
<1 ∴σ azz u e <1 ∴
S e Su (
2 ( w−d ) t S e Su) <1 ( )
K T F S u +S e K T F S u +S e K T F S u + Se
2t (Se Su )
< ( w−d ) ∴
2t Se Su (
−w←d ∴w−
2t ) S e Su
>d ( )
K T F Su + Se
d < w−
2t ( )
S e Su
K T F S u +S e
2t (Se Su )
<w ( 1−α )
2 tw (S e Su ) 1 2 tw(S e S u ) F ( S u +S e )
KT< ( 1−α ) ; = ; c=
F ( Su + Se ) c F ( S u +S e ) 2tw ( S e S u)