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Sistemas Hidrotermais e
Metalogênese
GSA 0407

MINERALIZAÇÕES DO TIPO
PÓRFIRO

Caetano Juliani
(cjuliani@usp.br)

Lena Virgínia Soares Monteiro

(lena.monteiro@usp.br)

65 – 30 Ma. 140 – 70 Ma. > 580 Ma.

Departamento de Geologia Sedimentar e Ambiental
2019

ALTERAÇÃO
HIDROTERMAL

Figure 1. Geologic map of the region around the Red Mountain and Woods Mountain intrusive centers. Geology based on Theobald
(1965), Theobald et al. (1983), and Shannon and Gunow (1983). The western, NE-trending broken rock zone within the Berthoud-
Loveland Pass shear zone is the Vasquez Pass shear zone. Note that the younger Vasquez Pass Fault cuts obliquely across the
Vasquez Pass shear zone just west of the Red Mountain intrusive center (Shannon et al., 2004).

Figure 2. Geologic map of

the immediate region around
the Red Mountain intrusive
center showing surface stops
for the fi eld trip and details
of alteration boundaries,
dikes, and veins in the outer,
peripheral zone of the
hydrothermal system. Gray
areas from Fig. 1 are broken
rock with chloritic coatings.
Faults and shear zones
taken from Fig. 1. Dike
types: Trps—rhyolite
porphyry, small K-spar;
Trpt—rhyolite porphyry, tiny
K-spar; Tl—lamprophyre
(kersantite); Tib—igneo-
fragmental; Trfl —fl ow-
layered rhyolite; Tlc—
composite
lamprophyre/rhyolite
porphyry, big K-spar; Tr—
rhyolite; Trpq—quartz
phenocryst rhyolite porphyry.
Geology based on Theobald
(1965), Theobald et al.
(1983), and Shannon and
Gunow (1983).

Shannon et al. (2004)

Redmond & Einaudi (2010) Economic Geology

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(A) Modelo de distribuição das zonas de alteração hidrotermal em depósitos do tipo pórfiro
(modelo Lowell-Guilbert), segundo Guilbert e Park (1986).
(B) (B) Zonas de alteração hidrotermal em depósitos de cobre do tipo pórfiro, mostrando a
Redmond & Einaudi (2010) Economic Geology associação das zonas mineralizadas com zonas de alteração retrógradas sericíticas.

ALTERAÇÃO POTÁSSICA

ALTERAÇÃO POTÁSSICA
Au-Cu Pórfiro do Palito (Província Mineral do Tapajós) – 1,88 Ga GRANITO BATALHA
(Província Mineral do Tapajós)

Monzogranito Alteração sódica Alteração Alteração propilítica

“inalterado” e potássica propilítica fissural

Juliani et al. (2002) Precambrian Research, 119: 225–256

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GRANITO BATALHA
(Província Mineral do Tapajós)

Monzogranito Alteração sódica e Alteração Alteração

“inalterado” potássica potássica propilítica

Juliani et al. (2002) Precambrian Research, 119: 225–256

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ALTERAÇÃO PROPILÍTICA

Sericitic Alteration
ALTERAÇÃO SERICÍTICA

ALTERAÇÃO ARGÍLICA
RETRÓGRADA SOBRE A
ALTERAÇÃO SERICÍTICA

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Sillitoe (2010) Sillitoe (2010)

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Estruturas no sítio de colocação do magma

ESTRUTURAS

Estruturas rúpteis
Spinning e fracionamento magmático

Grandes falhas paralelas ao orógeno

Zonas de intersecção de grandes falhas

Obducção de plateaus oceânicos

Caldeiras vulcânicas

Richards et al. (2017)

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Localização tectônica dos pórfiros

Depósito do tipo pórfiro de

Butte Montana

Vulcânicas

Embasamento

Monzogranitos

Cooke et al. (2014)

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Quartzo monzonito
Depósito do tipo pórfiro de Butte Montana

BUTTE MONTANA

Berkeley Pit showing

Anaconda veins (red)
and other main veins.

Zeihen et al. (1997)

- two major main-stage vein systems:
a) Anaconda system of steeply dipping, approximately east-west-trending veins and the younger
northwest trending. The veins of the Anaconda system have been the most productive of the Wall rock alteration surrounding the main-stage veins is
district, with average reported widths of 20 to 30 ft (6 to 9 m) and local widths of up to 100 ft (30 more extensive than that surrounding the pre–main-stage veins.
m). Anaconda veins split into a series of smaller veins, which generally strike northwest and are
all developed on the same side of an individual Anaconda vein, resembling the splaying out of a
horse’s tail. The alteration sequence consists of the sericitic zone closest to the
b) Blue fault veins, which displace Anaconda veins. The Blue veins, which are smaller than veins
vein and separated from unaltered quartz monzonite host rock by
of the Anaconda system, were emplaced along northwest-striking faults that offset the Anaconda the argillic zone.
veins. They range from 5 to 20 ft (1.5 to 6 m) wide and up to 2,400 ft (730 m) long, but because
they tend to be more closely spaced than veins of the Anaconda system they have contributed
significantly to the production of high grade ore. The argillic zone is subdivided into the outer
propyllitic zone, intermediate montmorillonitic zone, and the
c) The Steward veins, is of much less importance than either the Anaconda or Blue veins.
Steward veins are most prominent in the eastern part of the district where they were emplaced inner kaolinitic zone.
along the steeply dipping, east-northeast–trending Steward faults.

Wall rock alteration surrounding the main-stage veins is more extensive than that surrounding
The inner part of the sericitic zone next to
the pre–main-stage veins. the vein is designated the advanced argillic zone and contains
kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, and topaz.
The alteration sequence consists of the sericitic zone closest to the vein and separated from
unaltered quartz monzonite host rock by the argillic zone.

The argillic zone is subdivided into the outer propyllitic zone, intermediate montmorillonitic zone,
and the inner kaolinitic zone. The inner part of the sericitic zone next to the vein is designated
the advanced argillic zone and contains kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, and topaz.

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CHUQUICAMATA (CHILE)

Reed et al. (2013) Economic Geology

Focke (2008)

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Gruen et al. (2010) - Bingham

Wafi-Golpu (Papua Nova Guiné

Wafi transfer

Menzies et al. (2013)

El Teniente (Chile)
Pipe de brechas

Rabbia et al. (2009)

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Pebble Creek – Aeromagnetic Data

Weis et al. (2012) Science

Weis et al. (2012) Science Weis et al. (2012) Science

TIPO DA MINERALIZAÇÃO E
ZONAMENTO MINERAL

Weis et al. (2012)

Science

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ZONAMENTO GEOQUÍMICO

Mars & Rowan (2006)

Geosphere

VÊNULAS E VEIOS EM ESTILO PÓRFIRO

Kouzmanov-Pokrovski (2012) SEG

MODO DE OCORRÊNCIA DA
MINERALIZAÇÃO

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 veios de quartzo, stockworks, brechas e disseminações com sulfetos, ocupando áreas

de dezenas de km2

Au-rich porphyry at
Marte Mine, northern
Chile (Photo Lluís
Fontboté, 1994.10-
3/1)

 Minerais de minério: pirita predominante, com calcopirita + molibdenita  bornita  Au

Batu Hijau

Depósito pórfiro rico em Au de Batu Hijau, Indonésia

A e b. Veios A (quartzo–
bornita–digenita±calcocita) e
D (calcopirita–pirita-sericita-
smectita)

c Exsolução de digenita na
bornita com borda de
calcocita.

d Veio com quartzo, calcopirita

e bornita.

e Veios B (quartzo–
calcopirita–bornita) e C
(calcopirita–bornita).

f Bornita substituída por

calcopirita

Arif and Baker(2005) Gold paragenesis and

chemistry at Batu Hijau, Indoneisa:
implications for gold-rich porphyry copper
deposits. Mineralium Deposita 39: 523 - 535

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Exploration model is
Newmont’s Batu Hijau
porphyry copper / gold
Mine in Indonesia

Batu Hijau contains ~1

Gold
billion tonnes of 0.53%
copper + 0.40 g/t gold.

It has a similar sized

surface soil
geochemical ‘footprint’
and weighted average
grade as Kodu (BHP
Resource estimate).

Kodu and district may

Copper
also have very good,
overall resource
potential.
From Arif and Baker 2004

BUTTE MONTANA

Bingham Mine, Utah, USA

Porphyry Copper Deposit

Berkeley Pit Section showing supergene

enrichment – chalcocite blanket. Rocks
are sooty with coating of chalcocite

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EVOLUÇÃO

Bingham Canyon.
Steinberger et al. (2012)

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Mo PORPHYRY

Ryan et al. (2010)

Quartz-molybdenite vein cutting through potassically altered granite (Ryan et al., 2010)

FINAL DA AULA 6

Robert et al. (2007)

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