REPASO DE QUÍMICA

70 𝑚𝑔 −−−−−−− − 1 𝑚𝑙
𝑚𝑁𝐻4𝐶𝑙
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = ? ? −−−−−−−− − 100 𝑚𝑙

70 𝑥 10−3 𝑔 𝑥 100 𝑚𝑙 = 1 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎)

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = 7 𝑔
 %𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴 = 37.9 % (𝐻𝐶𝑙)
37.9 𝑔(𝐻𝐶𝑙) −−−−−− −100 𝑔(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁)
5 𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 −−−−−−−− −𝑚𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
5 𝑔 𝑥 100 𝑔 = 37.9 𝑔 𝑥 𝑚𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 13, 2 𝑔
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 100 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 tendré
37.9 gramos de HCl
𝑁𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑜 13,2 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 5 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐻𝐶𝑙
20 𝑚𝑔 𝐶𝑟 +3 −−−−−− − 1 𝑚𝑙

𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴𝐶𝑟𝐶𝑙3.6𝐻2𝑂 −−−−− − 1𝐿
ഥ 𝐶𝑟𝐶𝑙3 . 6𝐻2 𝑂 = 52𝑢 + 3 𝑥 35.5𝑢 + 6 18𝑢 = 266.5 𝑢
𝑀
20 𝑚𝑔 𝑥 266.5 𝑢
𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴 = = 0.1025𝑔
52 𝑢
1ml ------------20 𝑚𝑔 −−−−−−−−−− −𝑀 = 0.1025 𝑔

1 𝑚𝑙 −−−−−−−−− −0.1025 𝑔
1000 ml --------------------- masa total
𝐿𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑟 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑑𝑒
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 102.5 𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑟𝐶𝑙3 . 6𝐻2 𝑂.
1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0.1025 𝑔
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = = 102,5 𝑔
1 𝑚𝑙
 𝑊 𝑚 𝑥 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑚
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑐 = 𝑉
= 𝑉
→ 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑐 = 𝑉
= 𝜌
1.12 𝑔
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑐 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 1 𝑚𝑙(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁) −−−−−− −1.12 𝑔(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁)
1𝑚𝑙

%𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝐻𝐶𝑙 = 30.5% 30.5 𝑔(𝐻𝐶𝑙)----------- 100 g(solución)

1.12 𝑔 𝑥 30.5 𝑔
masa= 100 𝑔
= 0.342 𝑔
m𝑎𝑠𝑎(𝐻𝐶𝑙) −−−− −1.12 𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 −−− −1 𝑚𝑙

𝑔
1 𝑚𝑙 −−−−−−− −0.342 𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑐 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 0.342 = 342 𝑚𝑔/𝑚𝑙
𝑚𝑙
 1 𝐿 𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒 −−−−−−− −1032𝑔(𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒)

%𝑉𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝐸𝑁 = 4% 4 𝑚𝑙 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎 −−−−− −100𝑚𝑙(𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒) 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 4 𝑚𝑙

𝑉 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎 =
100 𝑚𝑙
V 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎 −−−−− −1000𝑚𝑙(𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒)
𝑉 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎 = 40 𝑚𝑙

1 𝑚𝑙(𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎) −−−−− −0.865 𝑔(𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎)

40 𝑚𝑙 𝑥 0.865 𝑔
M 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎 = = 34.6 𝑔
40 𝑚𝑙(𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎) −−−−− −𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎(𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎) 1 𝑚𝑙

997.4 𝑔 𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐼𝐴𝑆:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 = 960 𝑚𝑙 𝜌= = 1.039 𝑔/𝑚𝑙
960 𝑚𝑙 1𝐿 = 1000𝑚𝑙
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 = 997,4 𝑔
1 𝑚𝑙 = 1𝑐𝑚3 = 1 𝑐𝑐
 𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 49 𝑔
49 𝑔 + 28 𝑔 + 28 𝑔 = 105 𝑔
𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎 = 28 𝑔
CERA 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 − −𝑚𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎 − −𝑚𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑎 − −75 𝑙𝑏
𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑎 = 28 𝑔
LACA
75 𝑙𝑏 𝑥 49 𝑔 75 𝑙𝑏 𝑥 28 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎 =
RESINA 𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 105 𝑔 105 𝑔 105 𝑔

75 𝑙𝑏 𝑥 28 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑎 =
105 𝑔

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 75 𝑙𝑏 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑦 𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 35 𝑙𝑏
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎 = 20𝑙𝑏
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑎 = 20𝑙𝑏
 𝑛°𝑃𝐹𝐺 𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑜
𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷 = 𝑛°𝑃𝐹𝐺 = 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑚
𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙 ഥ
𝑃𝐹𝐺 𝑜 𝑀 𝑀= =
𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙 ഥ 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑥
𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑜
𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷 =
ഥ 𝑥 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑀

ഥ = 137.33𝑢 + 2𝑥 54.938𝑢 + 4 𝑥 16𝑢 = 375.206 𝑢

𝑀

37.5 𝑔 37.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐹= 𝑔 = = 0.099 ≈ 0.100 𝐹 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐵𝑎(𝑀𝑛𝑂4 )2
375.206 𝑥1𝐿 375.206 𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙
0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 → 𝐵𝑎+2 𝑀𝑛𝑂4 𝑥 2 → 0.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
37.5 𝑔
𝐵𝑎(𝑀𝑛𝑂4 )2 → 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑜 = 𝑔 = 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
375.206 +2
0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀(𝐵𝑎 )= 𝑀(𝑀𝑛𝑂4 ) =
1𝐿 1𝐿
𝑀 𝐵𝑎+2 = 0.1𝑀 𝑀 𝑀𝑛𝑂4 = 0.2 𝑀
 𝑀𝐴 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 #𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎)(𝜃)
𝑃𝑒 − 𝑔 = Eq - g= 𝑁= 𝑁= 𝑁=
𝜃 (𝑃 −𝑒𝑞) 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙 (𝑀𝐴 𝑜 𝑀) ഥ 𝑥 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑀
𝑥 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝜃

#𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔
2 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 −−−−−− − 15𝑁v 15 𝑁 = → #𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 = (15 )(0.002 𝐿)
0.002 𝐿 𝐿

#𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 = 0.03 𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 = 0.03 𝑒𝑞 = 30 𝑚𝑒𝑞 = 30𝑚𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔

1 #𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔
50 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 −−−−−− − 𝑁 = 0.25 𝑁 0.25 𝑁 = → #𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 = (0.25 )(0.05 𝐿)
4 0.05 𝐿 𝐿

#𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 = 0.0125 𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔 = 0.0125 𝑒𝑞 = 12.5 𝑚𝑒𝑞 = 12.5𝑚𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔

 +6 +3
2
(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎)(𝜃) 𝑃𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝜃:
𝑁=
ഥ 𝑥 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙 𝑀 𝐾2𝐶𝑟2𝑂7 = 294 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝜃 =6 −á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜: 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝐻 +
𝑀
−𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑂𝐻 −
(3.87 𝑔)(6) −𝑠𝑎𝑙: 𝑐𝑎𝑡íó𝑛
𝑁= 𝑔 = 2.25 𝑁 − 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑒 − (𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟)
294 𝑥 0.035 𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙

(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎)(𝜃)
𝑁=
ഥ 𝑥 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙 𝑀 𝐹𝑒𝑆𝑂4 = 152 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝜃 =1
𝑀

(96.3 𝑔)(1)
𝑁= = 0.8447 ≈ 0.845 𝑁
152 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 0.75 𝐿
 (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎)(𝜃)
𝑁=
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑐 = 1.835 1 𝑚𝑙(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁) −−−−− −1.835 𝑔 (𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁) ഥ 𝑥 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑀

%𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑂 = 93.2 % 93.2 𝑔 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 −−−−− −100 𝑔(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁) 𝑁1 𝑥 𝑉1 = 𝑁2 𝑥 𝑉2

1.835 𝑔 𝑥 500 𝑚𝑙 C 𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴 −−−−−− −500 𝑚𝑙 −−−−− −3 𝑁

𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴 = = 917.5 𝑔 V
1 𝑚𝑙
1.835 𝑔 −−−−− −1 𝑚𝑙
93.2 𝑔 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 −−−−− −100 𝑔(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁) C 917.5 𝑔 𝑥 93.2 𝑔
𝑀𝐴𝑆𝐴 = = 855.11 𝑔
V 100 𝑔
M𝐴𝑆𝐴 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 −−−−− −917.5 𝑔(𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁)

(855.11 𝑔)(2 𝑒𝑞 − 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙) 𝑔

𝑁= = 34.9 𝑒𝑞 − = 34.9 𝑁 34.9 𝑁𝑥 𝑉1 = 3 𝑁 𝑥 0.5 𝐿
98 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 0.5 𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉1 = 0.042979 𝐿 = 42.97 𝑚𝑙 ≈ 43 𝑚𝑙
𝑉 = 57.5 𝑚𝑙 (𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙) 1 𝑚𝑙(𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙) −−−−− −0.8 𝑔(𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙)

𝑉 = 600 𝑚𝑙 (𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑜) 1 𝑚𝑙(𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑜) −−−−− −0.9 𝑔(𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙)