UNIVERSIDADE EDUARDO MONDLANE

FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA

DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA QUÍMICA

CURSO DE ENGENHARIA QUÍMICA

Trabalho nº. III: Condutividade térmica variável

E superfícies aletadas

Discentes: Docentes:
Sabela, Filipe Diamantino Miguel M. Uamusse.
Alberto Tsamba (Assistente)

Maputo, março de 2023

 1. Astes de Disco.

𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒔

• 𝐺𝑒𝑟𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙

• 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖çã𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 (𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑥)
• 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛á𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑫𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔:
𝐿 = 15𝑚𝑚
𝑡 = 1𝑚𝑚

𝑘 = 200 𝑊/𝑚. ℃
ℎ∞ = 80 𝑊/𝑚2 . ℃
𝑇0 = 190 ℃
𝑇∞ = 40 ℃
𝑟𝑖 = 2.5𝑐𝑚
a) 𝜂 =?

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢çã𝑜

2ℎ 2 × 80
𝐿√ = 15 × 10−3 × √ = 0.4243
𝑘𝑡 200 × 10−3
𝑟𝑖 2.5
+𝐿 + 1.5
2 2
𝑟𝑖 = 2.5
= 2.2
2 2
𝜂 = 0.95

b) Eficiência ponderada.
𝜂 , =?
,
𝜂 = 𝛽𝜂 + 1 − 𝛽

𝑎𝑓 = 2𝜋(𝑟02 − 𝑟12 )
𝑟𝑖 2.5 𝑟𝑖 2.5
𝑟0 = 2
+𝐿 = 2
+ 1.5 = 2.75𝑐𝑚 ; 𝑟0 = 2
= 2
= 1.25𝑐𝑚
𝑎𝑓 = 2𝜋(2.752 − 1.252 )

𝑎𝑓 = 37.70 𝑐𝑚 2

𝑎 = 2𝜋 (𝑟02 − 𝑟12 ) + 2𝜋𝑟1 (𝑡 − 1)

 𝑎 = 44.47𝑐𝑚 2
𝑎𝑓 37.70
𝛽= =
𝑎 44.47
𝛽 = 0.848

𝜂 , = 0.848 × 0.95 + 1 − 0.848

𝜂, = 0.9576

c) Taxa de transferência de calor

𝑞∗ = 𝑞 × 𝐿
𝐿=𝑃
𝑞 ∗ = 𝑃. ℎ∞ (𝑇𝑤 − 𝑇∞ )
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑟 = 2𝜋. 1.25. 10−2 = 0.07854𝑚
𝑞 ∗ = 0.07854 × 80 × (190 − 40)
𝑞 ∗ = 924.48𝑊/𝑚

3. Esfera com conductividade variável:

𝑘 (𝑇) = 𝑘0 (1 + 𝛼𝑇 + 𝛽𝑇 2 )

• 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙
• 𝐺𝑒𝑟𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙
• 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖çã𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 (𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑟)
• 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛á𝑟𝑖𝑜
 Resolução
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
Partindo da eq. geral (para uma esfera) : 2
. (𝑟 2 . 𝑘. ) + 𝑔 = 𝑐𝑝. 𝜌. (𝑟, 𝑡)
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝑇
𝑔=0; (𝑟, 𝑡) ; 𝑘 − 𝑘(𝑇)
𝜕𝑡
𝜕 𝜕𝑇
(𝑘. 𝑟 2 . ) = 0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝑐
𝐼1 : 𝑟 2 . 𝑘. = 𝑐1 → 𝑘(𝑇). = 2
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟

𝑇2 𝑏
𝑐
∫ 𝑘(𝑇). 𝑑𝑇 = ∫ 𝑑𝑟
𝑇1 𝑎 𝑟2
𝑇2 𝑏
2
𝑐
∫ 𝑘0 (1 + 𝛼𝑇 + 𝛽𝑇 )𝑑𝑇 = ∫ 𝑑𝑟
𝑇1 𝑎 𝑟2
2 2 3 3
𝛼(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 𝛽(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 1 1
𝑘0 [(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) + + ] = −𝑐 ( − )
2 3 𝑏 𝑎

𝑘0 . 𝑎𝑏 𝛼(𝑇2 2 − 𝑇1 2 ) 𝛽(𝑇2 3 − 𝑇1 3 )
𝑐= [(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) + + ]
𝑏−𝑎 2 3

𝑑𝑇
𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴
𝑑𝑥
𝑐1 1
𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴 .
𝑟2 𝑘
𝑐
𝑄 = −𝐴 2
𝑟

𝐴 𝑘0 . 𝑎𝑏 𝛼(𝑇2 2 − 𝑇1 2 ) 𝛽(𝑇2 3 − 𝑇1 3 )
𝑄=− × [(𝑇 − 𝑇 ) + + ]
𝑟2 𝑏−𝑎 2 1
2 3
b)
𝑑𝑇
𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴
𝑑𝑥
𝐴
𝑄 = − 2.𝑐
𝑟
𝐴 𝑎𝑏 𝛼(𝑇2 2 − 𝑇1 2 ) 𝛽(𝑇2 3 − 𝑇1 3 )
𝑄 = − 2. . 𝑘 [(𝑇 − 𝑇1 ) + + ]
𝑟 𝑏−𝑎 0. 2 2 3

𝑇 2
∫𝑇1 𝑘0 (1 + 𝛼𝑇 + 𝛽𝑇2 )𝑑𝑇
𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑑 =
(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )

𝛼(𝑇2 2 − 𝑇1 2 ) 𝛽(𝑇2 3 − 𝑇1 3 )
𝑘0 . [(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) + + ]
𝐴 𝑎𝑏 2 3
𝑄=− . . × (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝑟2 𝑏−𝑎 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )

𝐴 𝑎𝑏
𝑄=− 2
.( ) . 𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑑 × (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝑟 𝑏−𝑎

𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑄=
𝑅

𝑟 2 × (𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑅=
𝐴 × 𝑎𝑏 × 𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑑
4.Placa com conductividade variável.

• 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙
• 𝐺𝑒𝑟𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙
• 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖çã𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 (𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑟)
• 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛á𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑘 (𝑇) = 𝑘0 (1 + 𝛽𝑇 3 )

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
. (𝐴. 𝑘. ) + 𝑔 = 𝑐𝑝. 𝜌. (𝑥, 𝑡)
𝐴 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝑇
(𝑥, 𝑡) = 0 ; 𝑔 = 0
𝜕𝑡
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇
. (𝐴. 𝑘. )=0
𝐴 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑇
(𝑘. )=0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑇
𝐼1 : 𝑘. =𝑐
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑇 𝑐1
=
𝜕𝑥 𝑘
𝑑𝑇
𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴
𝑑𝑥
𝑐1
𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴 → 𝑄 = −𝐴. 𝑐
𝑘

𝑇1 0
𝜕𝑇
𝑘. = 𝑐1 → ∫ 𝑘. 𝑑𝑇 = ∫ 𝑐. 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝑇2 𝐿
 𝑇1 0
3
∫ 𝑘0 (1 + 𝛽𝑇 ). 𝑑𝑇 = ∫ 𝑐. 𝑑𝑥
𝑇2 𝐿

4 4
𝑘0 [(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) + 𝛽(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 )] = −𝑐. 𝐿
𝑘0 𝛽
𝑐=− . [(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) + (𝑇1 4 − 𝑇2 4 )]
𝐿 4
𝐴. 𝑘0 𝛽(𝑇1 4 − 𝑇2 4 )
𝑄= . [(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) + ]
𝐿 4

B
−40
𝑘0 = 60𝑊/𝑚. ℃ ; 𝑇2 = 0℃ ; 𝑇1 = 200℃ ; 𝐴 = 0.1𝑚 2 ; 𝐿 = 0.4𝑚 ; 𝛽 = 0.25 × 10 ℃4

𝐴. 𝑘0 𝛽(𝑇1 4 − 𝑇2 4 )
𝑄= . [(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) + ]
𝐿 4

0.1 × 60 0.25 × 10−40 × (2004 − 0)

𝑄= [(200 − 0) + ]
0.4 4

𝑄 = 3000 𝑊