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INGLES
Introdução
• textos,
• orientação para leitura,
• exercícios de interpretação de texto,
• exercícios de vocabulário,
• gramática e sua aplicação em exercícios,
• respostas aos exercícios,
• vocabulários de palavras e expressões do caderno de exercícios,
• resumos,
• testes e exercícios,
• comentários sobre esses testes e exercícios.
-
1
.~, .•.
Verb to bel
present tense
Vamos iniciar nosso curso estudando as estruturas mais Exercise III
simples da língua inglesa, como por exemplo o plural Change to plural form:
dos substantivos. Se você já tiver algum conhecimento
I. vocabulary " (vocabulário) .. 4. necessitv (necessidade) ...
da língua, tanto melhor; pois terá a oportunidade de fa-
2. toy (brinquedo) ... 5. key (ch;,~) ... \
zer uma boa revisão. Caso você não tenha noção algu-
3. monastery (mosteiro) ... 6. history (história) ...
ma de inglês, estará dando os primeiros passos para
aprendê-lo. As regras utilizadas na fonnação do plural,
• Substantivos terminados em [Q]
você vai verificar posteriol7nente, podem ser aplicadas
• quando precedidos de vogal, acrescentamos 0
a outros itens gramaticais. E o vocabulário deverá ser
radio (rádio) - radio 0
repetido nas demais unidades para que você possa
• quando precedidos de consoante, acrescentamos ~
memorizá-lo mais facilmente e reconhecê-lo !.m textos.
tomato (tomate) - tomato ~
Exercise IV
Change to plural form:
I. negro.-'(negro) .:. 4. potato (batata) ...
PLURAL FORM 2. hero (herói) ... 5. bamboo (bambu) .
3. studio~estúdio) ... 6. volcano (vulcão) .
I.
-
::::>
-l • quando precedidos de consoante, transformamos o 3. loss (perda) . 8. donkey (burro) ...
Cl..
[I] em [TI
e acrescentamos ~ 4. speed (velocidade) ... 9. musician (músico) ...
century (Século) - centur I ies I S. wish (desejo) ... 10. story (estória) ...
2
Plurais Irregulares Special Cases
Singular Plural • Alguns substantivos mantêm a mesma fonna para o sino
man (homem) men guIar e plural.
woman (mulher) women • NOIres de certos animais
child (criança) children Singular Plural
ox (boi) oxen sheep (carneiro) sheep
foot (pé) feet fish (peixe) fish
toorh (dente) teeth They are going to catch some fish. (Eles vão pescar uns
goose (ganso) geese peixes.)
louse (piolho) lice • Palavras que indicam número, quantidade
mouse (camundongo) mice Singular Plural
hundred (cem) hundred
thousand (mil) thousand
Plural dos Substantivos Compostos million (milhão) rrtillion
dozen (dúzia) dozen
Quando houver justaposição de dois ou mais elementos Five hundred people are here (aqui).
formando uma palavra nova, estabelecemoo seu plural obe-
decendo à regra do último elemento. Attention!
school + room Estas mesmas palavras recebem um [i] no plural quan-
(escola) (sala) do não estão precedidas de numeral.
----- schoolroom~ schoolrooms Hundred s of people are here .
(sala de aula) • Substantivos terminados em [i] ou ~ que indicam
police + woman nacionalidade.
(polícia) (mulher) Singular Plural
--- policewom~ _ policewomen Portuguese Portuguese
Swiss (suíço) Swiss
Exercise VII Chinese Chinese
Change to plural form: The Portuguese are fond of "bacalhau". (Os por-
1. watch (relógio) . 6. child (criança) ... tugueses gostam de bacalhau.)
2. friend (amigo) . 7. difficulty (dificuldade) ... • Outros substantivos
3. housewife (dona-de-casa) ... 8. salesman (vendedor) ... Singular Plural
4. science (ciência) ... 9. foot (pé) ... fruit (fruta) fruit
5. lens (lente) ... 10. knife (faca) ... species (espécie) SpeCleS
series (série) series
means (meios) means
Artigos e Adjetivos em Frases no Plural Go to the market and buy some fruit. (Vá ao mercado e com-
.pre algumas frutas.)
• O artigo definido I the I (o, a, os, as) mantém a mesma
forma na singular e no plural. • Alguns substantivos são usados apenas no plural.
• Os artigoo indefinidos [iJ (um, uma) - usado diante O verbo, nestes casos, também vai para o plural.
de palavras que começam por consoante -, ou I an I - goods (mercadoria(s) trousers (calças)
usado diante de palavras que começam por vogal - não riches (riqueza(s), bens) scissors (tesoura)
possuem plural. São empregados ap~nas no singular. c10thes (roupas)
• Os adjetivos em inglês não fleXIOnam no plural, ou pyjamas (pijama)
seja, mantêm a mesma forma para singular e plural. glasses (óculos)
• Plural do demonstrativo I this I (este, esta, isto): I these I
• Plural do demonstrativa I that I (aquele, aquela, aquilo): • Mas há substantivos usados somente no plural com o
I those I verbo no singular.
That child is in the park. news (mtícia(s), novidade(s))
Those children are in the parks. Mathematics (matemática)
Physics (física)
Exercise VIII Politics (política)
Change these sentences to plural formo Make whatever The news is interesting. (A(s) noticia(s) é(são) interessante(s).)
changes are necessary. (Faça todas as modificações necessárias).
Example: ~
• Os coletivoo, por serem considerados plurais, são usa- a:
A wolf is a wild animal (Um lobo é um animal dos com o verbo no plural. O
Li.
selvagem) people (povo, pessoas) ....J
Wolves are wild animais. public (público) «
a:
I. That box is heavy (pesado). catde (gado) ::J
2.
3.
4.
The man is a good musician.
The astronomer is interested in a scientific research.
This is a light (leve) object.
police (policia)
The police are looking for the murderer. (A polícia está pro-
curando o assassino.) -
....J
a...
3
sa ou animal), tem também a função de sujeito de expres-
sões impessoais. Usa-se o pronome [ill
para não se dei-
xar o verbo sem sujeito. Neste caso, ele não deve ~er tra-
TO BE duzido.
(ser ou estar) It is raining. (Está chovendo).
It is late. (Está tarde).
3~ pessoa
[He ;,
She is
he's (masc.)
she's (fem.)
• Question forro: inverte-se a posição do sujeito e do verbo.
Iam - Am I?
It is it's (neutro) You are - Are you?
Plural... --._---- . l~ pessoa We are we're He is - Is he?
2~ pessoa You are you're
3~ pessoa Theyare they're Exercise XI
First change to nega tive form and, then, to question form
Exercise IX (Primeiro mude para a forma negativae, então, para a forma interrogati.
Fill in with the verb to be (preencha com o verbo to be): va). Example:
1. I . The exercise is difficult.
2. Peter . The exercise is not (isn't) difficult.
3. The boys ar school Is the exercise difficult?
4. You .
5. We . 1. This animal is wild (selvagem).
6. The book . 2. This is the echo of my voice (voz).
3. The books are on the shelf.
Exercise X 4. This word is correct.
Fill in with the verb to be: 5. That is my watch.
1. He a salesman and his wife . 6. Life is beautiful.
a policewoman.
2. It hot (quente) today (hoje). Exercise XII
3. Bob and I good students. Give short answers (Dê respostascurtas). Example:
4. Peter a good tennis instructor. Are the students in the classroom?
5. I a housewife. Yes, they are./No, they aren't.
6. The synonyms correct. I. Is today hot?
2. Are they interesting (interessantes)?
Attention! 3. Are you a good person (pessoa)?
O pronome neutro lliJ, além de substituir um nome (coi- 4. Is he a scientist?
w
Cf)
Z
w
r-
r-
z
w
Cf)
w
cr:
o..
W Answers
....J
o.. I. 1. astronomers; 2. towers; 3. sons; 4. VI. 1. words; 2. echoes; 3. losses; 4. speeds; IX. 1. am; 2. is; 3. are; 4. are; S. are; 6. is.
~ gifts; S. painters; 6. objects. S. wishes; 6. thieves; 7. chiefs; 8. dono X. 1. is- is; 2. is; 3. are; 4. is; S. am; 6. are.
--wa:l
Cf) n. 1. richnesses; 2. dishes; 3. researches; 4.
boxes; S. buzzes; 6. masses.
keys; 9. musicians; 10. stories.
vn. 1. watches; 2. friends; 3. housewives;4.
XI. 1. This animal isn't ; 2. This isnt't ... ;
m. 1. vocabularies; 2. toys; .3. monasteries; sciences; S. lenses; 6. children; 7. diffi.
3. The books aren't ; 4. This word
O 4. necessities; S. keys; 6. histories. isn't. ..; S. That isn't ; 6. Life isn't ... ;
r- culties; 8: salesmen; 9. feet; 10. knives. 1. Is this animal... ?; 2. Is this ?; 3. Are
IV. 1. negroes; 2. heroes; 3. studios; 4. pota.
a:l toes; S. bamboos; 6. volcanoes. vm. 1. Those boxes are heavy; the books.. .?; 4. Is this word ?; S. Is
cr: V. 1. wives; 2. lives; 3. knives; 4. wolves; S. 2. The men are good musicians; that ... ?; 6. Is Iife... ?
-
w
> selves; 6. calves; 7. halves; 8. shelves;9. 3. The astronomers are interested in xn. 1. Yes, it is/No, it isn't.; 2. Yes, they
leaves; 10. loaves; 11. thieves; 12. scientific researches; arelNo, they aren'!.; 3. Yes, I amlNo,
sheaves. 4. These are light objects. I'm not.; 4. Yes, he islNo, he isn't.
4
Verb to be
There to be
Much many - little few
Nesta unidade você vai entrar em contato com textos Galileo Galilei
em inglês e vai aprender a trabalhar com eles. O texto, alileo Galilei was a greal Italian scienlisl and
às vezes, pode "assustá-lo ", ora pelo tamanho, ora pe- G aslronomer. He was lhe son of a musician and
was bom at Pisa, Italy. He was sent to school at the
lo uso de palavras ou sentenças aparentemente desconhe-
cidas. Mas nada de precipitações. Monaslery of Vallombrosa, near Florence, and at
Você, com certeza, vai entender o texto muito mais lhis lime disliked Science. He had many gifts and
do que i1!!agina. Existe uma certa "receita" para isso. became a good musician as well as an amateur
Compreender um texto depende muito de sabermos uti- painler. It was only laler lhal he became inleresled
lizar os conhecimentos que temos "armazenados". As- in Science and Malhematics.
sim sendo, podemos prever as respostas, associar as It was from lhe lop of lhe Pisa Tower lhal he
questões à nossa experiência e cultura, reconheceros cog- became inleresled in science and Malhemalics.
natos (palavras que se assemelham ao português) e ir gra- It was from the top of lhe Pisa Tower lha I Galileo
dativamente compreendendo o que está escrito. Aqui está delermined lhe velocity of falling objects: ali
um procedimento simples e objetivo para analisar tex- objec!s fali aI lhe same speed, whalever lheir mass.
tos. Procure estudar seguindo os passos relacionados Previously people had lhoughl lha! heavy objects
abaixo. fell to Earlh more quickly than lighl ones.
-
a leitura cuidadosa você vai responder às questões. Lembre- UJ
se de responder apenas e precisamente aquilo que foi per- tender o seu relacionamento. Você vai perceber então >
guntado. Lembre-se ainda de que você sempre pode re- comofoi importante aprender bem o que foi dado na pri-
tornar ao texto, caso tenha alguma dúvida. meira unidade. 5
~~inPisa.
. ti'ar smgu
smgu t Iar
There are good painters in Brazil.
TO BE \.~ ~
t
plural
+
plural
• Neg-'tive and question hrm
Simple past tense • Nega,'ve form: There is no}; there~
Singular I ~ pessoa I was (eu era, eu fui, eu estava, eu lsn't aren't
estive) • Question form: Is there? Are there?
2~ pessoa You were
He was (masc.) Exercise VII
3~ pessoa She was (fem.) There is or there are?
[ lt was (neutro) 1. an astronomer who is famous in ltaly.
2. many students interested in History?
Plural I ~ pessoa We were 3. objects which have different mass.
2~ pessoa You were 4. a monastery near Florence.
3~ pessoa They were 5. In Pisa ... a tower.
Exercise IV 6. not many famous scientists nowadays
Fill in with the past tense of the verb to be. (atualmente).
1.
2.
John ...
The boys ...
J Past tense
3. The student ... at home
4. I ... Singular there was (havia, houve)
5. The scientists ... Plural - there were (havia, houve)
Exercise V
Fill in with the past tense of the verb to be. There was a man at the top of the tower.
'-----.J '---
1. The tower ... high (alta) and firmo .• . t
2. He ... an astronomer too (também). smgular smgular
3. lt... only after a few years that he became There were many obiects falling (caindo) at the same speed.
interested in Mathematics. ~~
4. These students .,. not different fram the others plural plural
(outros).
5. Those people ... bom in Pisa. Exercise VIII
There was or there were?
Exercise VI
I. three facts discovered (descobertos)
Use the verb to be either in the present or in the past accord
yesterday.
ing to the meaning of the sentence. (Use o verbo to be no
presente ou no passado, de acordo com o sentido da oração). 2. In 1820 ... no buses.
3. many new painters in Brazil?
I. Galileo ... a great ltalian scientist. 4. strange (estranhos) objects in the sky (céu).
2. you interested in Mathematics? 5. a famous tower in Pisa?
3. The books ... ali in the library (biblioteca). 6. a good musician on TV last night?
4. In 1987 Henry and Bob ... famous musicians.
5. I ... determined to be victorious now.
6. We ... not sent to the monastery in 1985. Exercise IX
Answer the questions. Give short answers. Example:
Are there many new facts about AIDS?
I
Yes, there are.lNo, there aren't.
I. Is there a permanent study about falling objects?
2. Was there a prize (prêmio) for the scientists last year?
THERE TO BE (haver) 3. Were there many people at the ceremony?
4. Was there an intensive effort (esforço) fram you?
5. Were there a lot of problems to solve?
6. Is there a new theory about the planets?
Present tense
UJ
Singular there is (há) Exercise X
c:o Change to question formo
Plural - there are (há)
~ 1. There is a place (lugar) at home.
UJ Em português, o verbo haver impessoal é usado apenas 2. There were many gifts to give (dar) away.
a: na 3~ pessoa do singular: "Há uma pessoa" ou "Há vá- 3. There is a tower in Paris.
UJ
I rias pessoas". Em inglês, o verbo equivalente - there to 4. There were heavy objects falling.
-
I-
6
be - tem singular e plural e concorda com o objeto direto
associ:rlo ao verbo.
5. There was a good musician at the party.
6. There is an ltalian scientist called Galileo.
,...
Exercise XIV
Little or few?
MUCH =1= MANY I. Very ... students were present.
x 2. Is there ... money at home?
LITTLE =1= FEW 3. There are ... books in this library.
people are great astronomers.
4.
5. He had very ... patience (paciência)
with children.
Much (muito/a) - é empregado diante de substantivos • Variações no uso de much e many
incontáveis no singular. Ex.: água, saúde. [howmliCh] (quanto/a)
How much money is there in the bank?
Many é empregado diante de substantivos
(muitos/as) - [how manyJ (quantos/as)
contáveis no plural. Ex.: copos, vidas. How many books are there in the library?
[SOI:iiUChJ (tanto/a)
Have they found much oil? (Encontraram muito petróleo?) I love you so much.
'---1 I so m~ (tantos/as)
incontável/singular There were so many objects falling to earth.
They have got many problems. (Eles têm tido muitos pro- Itoo mucli] (demais)
blemas.) ~ + Too much whisky isn't good for health (saúde).
contávei/plural [too manyJ (demais)
Exercise XI There are too many people here (aqui).
Much or many? [ver)' mucliJ (muito - advérbio de intensidade)
1. milk (leite) 4. money Thank you' very much.
2. children 5. whisky
3. exercises 6. words Exercise XV
Preencha, em inglês, com a expressão ec;.Iivalente à que
Exercise XII está em português. Tente resolver o exercício confiando
Much or many? apenas em sua memória.
I. scientists are really interested in I. students are there in the class? (Quantos)
researches. 2. Your hospitality costs (custa) ... (demais)
2. There are ... facts about superconductivity. 3. There are... good people in this world. (tantas)
3. Are you really interested in ali that, or not very .... ? 4. Don't ask (pergunte) ... questions. (demais)
4. Galileo was ... ahead (adiante) of his time. S. time is necessary to complete the
S. ... is said (dito) but linle is done (feito). exercise? (Quanto)
-
monastery; Science; Mathematics; top; there. 6. little.
velocity; objects; interested. IX. I. Yes, there islNo, there isn't; 2. Yes, XIV. 1. fe\\'; 2. lillle; 3. fe\\'; 4. Fe\\'; 5. lillle. ~
2. Galileu era um grande músico e pintor there waslNo, there wasn't; 3. Yes, the- XV. I. How many; 2. too much; 3. so many;
4. t()() many; 5. How much.
amador que somente mais tarde se tornou re werelNo, there weren 't; 4. Yes, there
7
"
Gerund and
present participle
Present continuous
Nesta unidade você aprenderá a compreender e ex-
pressar os faros no momento em que eles estiverem ocor-
rendo. Para isso, em inglês usa-se o present continuous,
o tempo das ações em andamento. Mas antes disso você GERUND AND
precisa conhecer como se forma o gerúndio e o particí- PRESENT PARTICIPLE
pio. Releia as instruções a respeito de como compreen-
der um texto na unidade 2 e comece a construir frases
no present continuous.
• Fonnação: Infinitive --- to think (pensar)
the present moment. Perhaps finances, loss of a • Para formarmos o gerund ou present parti-
loved one, a medicai problem, or simply thinking ciple, acrescentamos []!i] ao infinitivo sem o ~.
about what we are going to do next is cheating us
out of the pleasures that are ours today, if only we Exercise III
could learn to relax and enjoy them. Put the following verbs into the ing form (Coloque os se.
guintes verbos na forma ing):
1. to go 3. to learn
Exercise I
2. to do 4. to relax
Leia apenas a questão, sem respondê-Ia:
I. (PUe, SP) A maioria das pessoas:
a) faz dívidas porque só pensa em se divertir;
Special Rules
• Verbos tenninados em ~
b) só vive para o momento presente;
to liv~ - liv~
c) trabalha tanto que não tem tempo de pen-
Os verbos terminados em um só ~ perdem esse ~
sar nem na família nem nas finanças;
ao acrescentarmos ~.
d) não consegue perceber quão agradável a
vida pode ser;
UJ • Verbos terminados em ~ seguem a regra geral.
e) só consegue relaxar quando não está pensando no
....J
to si ee I (ver) - see[]!i]
0- passado ou fazendo planos para o futuro.
U
Exception (exceção): to I be I be~
~ Exercise II
~ Agora, leia o texto e, a seguir: Exercise IV
~ I. Identifique os cognatos, isto é, as palavras que se Put the following verbs into the ing forrn:
z
UJ
parecem com o português. 1. to leave (sair) 3. to love
Cf) 2. Substitua as palavras em português pelos vocábulos 2. to agree (concordar) 4. to determine
UJ em inglês:
c::
a.. (Infelizmente), (a maioria) people are so (atarefadas) • Verbos terminados em[j]
o (indevidamente) reflecting on the past or to enjo[j] - enjoy[]!i]
z (preocupando-se) about the future that they are (per-
« to worr[i] - worry~
o dendo) the (alegria pura) of living in the present mo- Os verbos terminados em [lJ seguem a regra geral, in-
z ment. (Talvez) finances, (perda) of a loved one, a dependentemente da letra que anteceder o [lJ .
::> medicaI problem, or simply (pensando) about what we
c::
-
UJ are going to (fazer) (em seguida) is (privando-nos) of Exercise V
~ the (prazeres) that are (nossos) today, (se apenas) we Put the following verbs into the ing form:
could (aprender) to relax and (aproveitá-los). 1. to study 3. to stay (ficar)
8 3. Responda a questão do exercício 1. 2. to play (brincar, jogar, tocar) 4. to try (tentar)
Verbos terminados em consoante-vogal-consoante 3. to send (mandar): You ...
~. Se o verbo tiver uma única sílaba, contendo co- 4. to think: The girl ...
mo últimas letras uma consoante [£], uma vogal [!] 5. to learn: I ...
e uma consoante [£], dobra-se a consoante final.
• Negative and question forms:
to g e t (obter) - getL!fug]
He is not relaxing
tt t \.....-.--.-../
~ isn't
O mesmo ocorrerá se o verbo tiver duas sílabas, sen- • Nega-se o present continuous colocando-se I not I
do a última tônica e composta de ~. após o verbo [to be I.
P sílaba 2~ sílaba (tônica) Are you studying?
• A interrogação se faz com uma simples inversão: o ver-
\./ b'~
to be-gm (começar) - egm~ bo passa a anteceder o sujeito.
1ft~I Exercise IX
First change to negative form and, then, to question formo
Exercise VI 1. He is worrying about the future.
Put the folIowing verbs into the ing form: 2. They are simply thinking about what to do next.
1. to drop (gotejar) 3. to forget (esquecer-se) 3. We are learning how to relaxo
2. to regret (arrepender-se) 4. to sit (sentar-se) 4. People are reflecting on the past.
-
Use the present continuous tense. Example: a:
to live: I am living 3. you ... to me? (to Iie) (mentir) Q..
-
c:
a..
10
vn. I. lying; 2. falling; 3. saying; 4. enjoy-
ing; 5. paying; 6. worryingj 7. living;
8. thinking.
vrn. 1. are rnissingj 2. is falling; 3. are send-
xm.
ing; 4. arn getting; 5. are playing.
I. I hear the sound of your voice.
2. Vou want to learn English now.
3. Now 1 understand the lesson.
XVI.
xvn.
trangeiro.
I. (1);2. (i); 3. (g); 4. (j); 5. (h); 6. (e);
7. (b); 8. (d); 9. (a); 10. (c)
= XIV
Past continuous
Future continuous
Some expressions
(apressar-se) de volta
e) They were quarreling in low voices.
I to ruo away I(fugir)
2. (Univ. Mackenzie, SP) De acordo com o texto:
a) There were twelve pigs there; t
(correr)
•
(embora)
b) The faces of the pigs were red with anger; Cf)
L!!i:go back Icvoltar) slowly (devagar)
• c) The creatures outside were looking with anger from Z
O
,
pig to man; " (ir)
d) There were six pigs and six men there; I to hurry back I (voltar apressadamente)
Cf)
Cf)
e) Pigs and men looked alike. w
(apressar-se) a::
3.(Univ. Mackenzie, SP) A synonym for "to rush back" is: I to come back o...
-
I (voltar)
a) to run away; d) to come back; X
(vir)
f w
b) to go back slowly; e) to return leisurely.
I to return I (retornar) leisurely (vagarosamente)
c) to hurry back; 11
Após assimilar bem as expressões que você acabou de Exercise V
aprender, aplique-as neste exercício. Translate into Portuguese.
I. An uproar of voices was coming from the farmhouse.
Exercise 111
2. Twelve voices were shouting in anger.
I. The thief is ... (fugindo). Exercise VI
2. The policeman is (voltando apressadamente) . Supply (Forneça)the past continuous of these verbs:
3. We are finally ... (voltando). I. to come: I .
2. to rush: He .
• Verbo [toloõk]. Ele é usado muitas vezes em expres- 3. to look: She .
sões idiomáticas. Aprenda a usá-las. 4. to play: She .
[lo look kparecer) 5. to think: We .
ftolõOkãIJ (olharpara)
[tOlOO(iiPJ (olharpara cima/consultar) Exercise VII
Ito look af~ (tomar.contarde, cúidar) Supply the past continuous form of these verbs.
~~ (procurar) I. Something ... (to happen) on that farm.
[o look out ] (estaralerta) 2. The creatures outside ... (to look) from pig to
rio 100kJiI1kCJ (asse~elhar-se) man and from man to pig again.
[1:9 100kJ!kiJ (parecer(-se)com) 3. We '" (to quarrel) violently.
4. He ... (to bang) on the table angrily.
Exercise IV 5. I ... (to think) if (se) that was possible.
Onde for necessário, acrescente a preposição adequada.
Don't cheat! (Não trapaceie,nãocole!) • Negative and question forms
I. This is my father. Do you think I look ...
2. Yes, your father and you look ...
him? i1 Ne a-se O past continuous tense acrescentando-se
not após o verbo [to be I.
3. Look ! A car is coming. We were not coming back.
4. Look the words you don 't know in the weren't
dictionary . I was not coming back.
5. He looks ... very angry (zangado). wasn't
6. The teacher is looking ... the students. • A interrogação se faz com uma simples inversão: o ver-
7. When I go shopping my mother looks ... my baby. bo passa a anteceder o sujeito.
8. The policeman is looking ... the thief. Were you coming back?
Was she coming back?
Vamos agora continuara aprender os tempos continuous,
qUf, como o próprio nome sugere, dão idéia de movimentação, Exercise VIII
de continuidade da ação. Todos os tempos continuous são Change (mude) to nega tive form:
sempre compostós tendo o tobe como auxiliar, mais o verbo I. He was looking at the men.
principal com a 'terminação ing. 2. They were saying silly (tolas) things.
3. We were shouting at the boys.
4. She was rushing back home.
Exercise IX
PAST CONTINUOUS Give short answers.
Example: Was Bob studying at 8 o'clock (horas)?
TENSE Yes, he was./No, he wasn't.
1. Was Mary working at home?
2. Were they playing in the garden?
3. Was it raining?
llJ 4. Were we worrying about the test?
Cf) • Formação
Z
llJ Exercise X
I- auxiliar + verbo principal Ask (Pergun!e)me questions.
Cf)
:J Example: Ask me if (se)John was thinking about his
~ ) ~ ..
O to be (past tense present partlclple troubles.
:J Was John thinking about his troubles?
Z I was shouting Ask me what (o que) I was doing in the
I-
Z
You were shouting class.
O He What were you doing in the class?
U She was shouting I. Ask me if the pigs were looking at each other.
I- It
Cf) 2. Ask me why (por que) he was shouting at Sue.
-
~
12
We were shouting
You were shouting
They were shouting
3. Ask me if she was banging on the table.
4. Ask me if it was coming from the house.
5. Ask me where (onde) they were singing.
Emprego do past continuous tense Exercise XIII
• O past continuous descreve uma ação que estava Supply the future continuous tense:
acontecendo no passado, quando uma outra ação pas- I. In 1998 we ... (to enjoy) our lives.
sada ocorreu. 2. In three years I ... (to worry) about my career
.•.•
They were shouting in anger when the men appeared. (carreira).
(Elesestavamgritandocomraivaquandoos homensapareceram). 3. Next year Mary (to live) in London.
Neste exemplo, a ação de ~ estava tendo con- 4. In six months Bob and his wife ... (to
tinuidade, quando a ação de ~~ aconteceu. quarrel) as usual.
• O past continuous também descreve ações passadas que • Negative and question forms
estavam acontecendo simultaneamente. • A forma negativa se faz acrescentando-se [li9IJ
While (enquanto) the pig was banging on the table the após o auxiliar I willl.
man was shouting. The man will not be cheating at cards.
Note que a ação de I bangJ estava acontecendo no won't
passado ao mesmo tempo que a ação de I shou.-t]. • Interroga-se o future continuous colocando-se [willJ
antes do sujeito.
Attention
O past continuous é geralmente acompanhado de con- When will Peter be moving to Rio?
junções temporais: when (quando),while (enquanto),as (en- Will you be studying tomorrow?
quanto),by the time (quando)etc. Exercise XIV
Ao conjugar o verbo no próximo exercício, preste aten- Change to negative form:
ção no tipo de ação que ele está descrevendo. I. The pigs will be eating.
2. The men will be coming back.
Exercise XI 3. The creatures will be working on the farm.
I. While he ... (to shout) she (to run) ... away. 4. She will be playing the piano.
2. While they (to quarrel) I ... (to relax). 5. He will be saying everything.
3. As the boys (to study) the teacher arrived.
4. By the time they ... (to sit) on the chairs Exercise XV
(cadeiras)the man took the photo. Give short answers.
5. I ... (to look) through the window when he Example:
carne back home. Will you be living in Brazil?
Yes, I will./ Yes, I shall.
No, I won't./ No, I shan't.
I. Will you be ~taying (ficar) there?
2. Will she be playing it again?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS 3. Will they be singing the song (canção)?
4. Shall we be looking at the pictures?
TENSE Exercise XVI
Ask me questions.
1. Ask me if I will be working on Sunday.
• Formação: 2. Ask me when it will be raining in Brasília .
auxiliar + verbo principal 3. Ask me if they will be studying ali day.
4. Ask me if we shall be leaving (partindo) for Paris .
\ \ .. I
to be (future tense) present partlclp e • Emprego do future continuous tense
• O future continuous tense descreve uma ação que
I will (shall) be learning estará acontecendo em uma determinada época do
You will be learning futuro.
Soon it will be raining.
~:e I will be learning • O future continuous tense é geralmente acom- w
Cf)
It J panhado de adjuntos adverbiais de tempo: tomor- Z
We will (shall) be learning row (amanhã),soon (logo),next (próximo,seguinte),week w
I-
You will be learning (semana),next month (próximomês),next year (próximo
ano), Cf)
in a few days, in 2001 etc.
They will be learning =>
O
• Contraction: I will, You will, We shall, etc
~ \....--J ~ Exercise XVII
:J
Z
l' 11 You'lI We'lI Supply the future continuous tense. I-
1. They (to go)... to the cinema at this time Z
tomorrow. O
Exercise XII U
Supply the future continuous form of the verbs in brack- 2. When September comes she (to travel) (viajar)..
w
ets (parênteses): to Italy. a:
3. Soon it (to appear) ... agam. :J
l-
-
1. (to play) 1... 4. (to shout) He . 4. In a few months you (to study) ... for the =>
LL
2. (to go) She ... 5. (to look) We . "vestibular" .
3. (to appear) They ... 6. (to happen) It . 5. Soon you (to enjoy) ... your life again.
13
o texto a seguir desenvolve seu vocabulário em relação 1. machine 7. to decide
ao progresso. tecnológico. 2. digital 8. supermarket
I was listening sleepily to that ingenious 3. to infect 9. computer
machine, my digital clock radio, the other morn- 4. day 10. to involve
ing, when I heard one of those items that infects 5. invention I I. item
your day. It was about a new invention. A genius 6. genius 12. special
decided that we wait too long at supermarket
check-outs, and so he developed a considerate Exercise XXI
computer to let the brain take the strain. It all in- Match the verbs:
volves weighing, and tearing oH speciallittle tags 1. to listen ( ) a) comprar
from each item to buy, and feeding them into a 2. to hear ( ) b) desenvolver
machine and weighing again. 3. to infect ( ) c) alimentar
(Adapted from Focus on Proficiency) 4. to decide () d) escutar
Apenas leia as questões dos exercícios XVIII e XIX. Não 5. to wait ( ) e) ouvir
as responda ainda. 6. to develop () f) envolver
Exercise XVIII 7. to let ( ) g) decidir
Responda em ponuguês: 8. to take ( ) h) esperar
9. to involve () i) deixar
1. What is the "ingenious machine" referred to in the 10. to weigh () j) rasgar
text?
11. to tear ( ) k) tomar
2. What was the item on the radio about?
12. to buy ( ) 1) infectar, contaminar
3. What was the problem at the supermarket?
13. to feed ( ) m) pesar
4. What was the new invention?
5. What does "alI" refer to in the text? • Cenamente você notou que há dois verbos com tradu-
ção similar :..-to hear e to Iisten. Na verdade, eles não
Exercise XIX
são sinônimos e, para saciar sua curiosidade, vamos
I. According to the text the author
diferenciá-los. To hear: ouvir espontaneamente, sem neces-
a) was listening attentively to the radio. sariamente prestar atenção; to listen, por sua vez, implica
b) was sleeping when he heard the digital dock. o ato voluntário de escutar.
c) was thinking of going tothe supermarket. He heard some voices without listening to what they
d) was feeding the computer with new items.
were saying. (Ele ouviu algumas vozes sem escutar o que estavam
e) wasn't very enthusiastic about the new invention.
dizendo.)
Exercise XX
Dê a tradução de: Agora responda às questões dos exercícios XVIII e XIX.
Answers
11. I. uproar; farmhouse; rushed back; tingi 4. She wasn't rushing. won't; 4. Yes, you will (we
through; window; again; discussion; IX. 1. Yes, she was/No, she wasn't; shall/will)/No, you won't (we
shoutings; bangings; sharp suspi- 2. Yes, they were/No, they we- shan't/won't).
cious glances; denials; source; trou- ren't; 3. Yes, it was/No, it wasn't; XVI. 1. Will you be working... ?;
ble; appeared; each; ace. 4. Yes, we were/No, we weren't. 2. When will it be raining... ?;
2. 1.(1); 2.(e); 3.(a); 4.(c); S.(d); X. I. Were the pigs looking... ?; 3. WiII they be studying ... ?;
6.(b) 2. Why was he shouting ... ?; 4. Will you (shall/will we) be
3. Yes, a violent quarrel was in 3. Was she banging... ?; 4. Was it leaving... ?
progresso (resposta possível). coming... ?; S. Where were they XVII . I. wiII be going; 2. wiII be travo
w . Twelve voices were shouting in singing? eling; 3. wiIIbe appearing;4. wiII
Cf)
Z anger and they were ali alike (res- XI. I. was shouting - was running; be studying; 5. wiIIbe enjoying.
w posta posSível). 2. were quarreling - was relaxing; XVIII. I. O relógio-digital do autor;
f- S. I.a; 2.e; 3.c 3. were studying; 4. were sitting; 2. Uma nova invenção; 3. A longa
Cf) m. 1. running away; 2. hurrying (rus- S. was looking. espera no caixa para controle de i-
=:> hing) back; 3. coming back. xn. 1. will (shall) be playing; 2. will be tens de compra; 4. Um computador
O IV. I. like; 2. alike; 3. out; 4. up; going; 3. will be appearing; 4. will "atencioso"; S. Refere-se à opera-
=:> S. -; 6. at; 7. after; 8. for. be shouting; S. will (shall) be 100- ção do computador. (pesar, retirar
Z V = I . I. Uma gritaria estava vindo da ca- king; 6. will be happening. as etiquetas de cada item, alimentar
i= sa da fazenda. XIII. I. will (shall) be en;oying; 2. will a máquina com elas e pesar no-
Z 2. Doze vozes estavam gritando (shall) be worrying; 3. will be li- vamente.)
O oom raiva. ving; 4. will be quarreling.
U XIX. I. e
VI. I. was coming; 2. was rushing; XIV . 1. The pigs won't be eating; XX. I. máquina; 2. digital; 3. infectar;
W
c:: 3. were looking; 4. was playing; 2. The men won't be coming... ; 4. dia; S. invenção; 6. gênio;
=> S. were thinking. 3. The creatures won't be wor- 7. decidir; 8. supermercado;
f- VII. I. was happening; 2. were looking; king ... ; 4. She won't be playing... ; 9. computador; 10. envolver;
-
=>
u.
14
3. were quarreling; 4. was banging;
S. was thinking.
VIII . I. He wasn't looking; 2. They we-
ren't saying; 3. We weren't shou-
XV.
S. He won't be saying.
1. Yes, I will (shall)/No, I won't
(shan 't); 2. Yes, she will/No, she
won't; 3. Yes, they willlNo, they
XXI.
11. item; 12. especial.
I. d; 2. e; 3. I; 4. g; S. h; 6. b;
7. i; 8. k; 9. f; 10. m; 11. j;
12. a; 13. c.
Personal pronouns
Each other/
one another
Você já deve ter notado que o vocabulário aumenta cada 5) though ( ) e) rompido
vez mais, o tempo todo. Infelizmente, não há outrojeito. Por 6) husband ( ) f) meio
isso, não perca seu tempo: procure agora assimilar o máximo, 7) doubt () g) mínimo
para poder respirarmais aliviado nofinal de.nossocurso. Afi- 8) least () h) apesar disso
nal de contas, as palavras se repetem.
Dear Jennifer:
.
• ,
I got married a short time ago and my hus-
band and I are now in the midst of an impor-
EACH OTHER &
tant discussion. Should we have children? To ONE ANOTHER
be honest with each other, we both have
doubts about the stability of the family as a
unit in today's society. We both carne from ExaminandJ o texto mais um pouquinho, você vai se
broken homes and, to say the least, our fami- deparar com a seguinte frase: "To be honest with each
lies were not ideal. He and I really do want to other ... " Acho que essa é uma boa hora de você
have children, though. Is there any guarantee aprender a indicar reciprocidade em inglês.
that we can make it work? This is how I feel.
[}:ach other I Expressa reciprocidade de ação quando
Sincerely,
duas essoas estão envolvidas.
"Afflicted"
One another Expressa reciprocidade de ação envolven-
Exercise I
do mais de duas pessoas.
Apenas leia as questões que se seguem.
fI Susan and her husband are honest with
1. (Unicamp, SP) O que aflige a remetente? reãCh other I.
2. (Unicamp, SP) Como ela assina a carta? In fact they love I each oth~i]' (Susan e seu marido são
3. (Unicamp, SP) Qual a visão dela e do marido em honestos um com o outro. Na verdade eles se amam).
relação à família hoje em dia como instituição? People should help lone another I.
4. (Unicamp, SP) Qual o principal motivo para terem (As pessoas deveriam ajudar-se urnas às outras).
essa visão?
Exercise IV
5. (Unicamp, SP) O que é indagado a Jennifer?
Each other or one another?
Exercise li 1. Politicians have not agreed (concordado) with ...
Agora, leia o texto com atenção. lately (ultimamente). o:
w
I. Identifique os cognatos que encontrar no texto. 2. Bob and his father have not talked (conversado) I
2. Qual destas duas sentenças é mais significativa no to ... for weeks.
3. Are both of you in love with ... ?
bz
texto?
a) .. ,"we both have doubts about the stability of the 4. The inhabitants (habitantes) of those countries «
hate (odeiam) .•. w
family as a unit in today's society". z
b) "Should we have children"?
3. Leia o texto novamente. --
O
o:
w
4. Responda às questões do exercício I. I
Exercise III b
Match (Combine). PERSONAL PRONOUNS I
U
1) both () a) marido
«
2) midst ()
3) broken ( )
4) ago ()
b)
c)
d)
atrás
dúvida
ambos Vamos aprender agora os pronomes pessoais em inglês. -
w
15
• Subjective case (caso reto) - função: sujeito 5. Thejnstitution is changing .
• Objective case (caso oblíquo) - função: objeto 6. My husband and I love children .
7. l~nnifrL_-ª.rtcLJ ohn are married (casados).
Subjective case 8. Lh~iLexamRle is not ideal.
Singular Ia pessoa----. I (eu)
Objective case
2a pessoa---- •.•You (tu ,você)
I
2~pessoa----.-You (te, ti, o, lhe)
3 a pessoa f em. - She (ela)
neutro - Ir (ele, ela)
Singular masco Him (o, lhe)
3~ pessoa fem. Her (a, lhe)
Plural I a pessoa • We (nós)
neutro - Ir (o, a, lhe)
2 a pessoa • You (vós, vocês)
3 a pessoa • They (eles, elas)
I ~ pessoa-----. Us (nos)
• Note que para a terceira pessoa do singular temos três Plural 2~ pessoa----_. You (vos, os, as, lhes)
pronomes: rhYJ (masculino), referindo-se a pessoas; [sh-e] 3~ pessoa----_. Them (os, as, lhes)
(feminino), também referindo-se a pessoas; e lliJ (neu-
tro), referindo-se a coisas e animais. Observe ainda que,
na terceira pessoa do plural, há apenas um pronome, The afflicted woman wrote a letter to Jennifer.
[thejJ, que se refere a pessoas, coisas e animais, sendo,
portanto, masculino, feminino e neutro. \. [if] (neutro-sin~er j (femi~ino- singular) I
¥
• Her husband wants children. função: objeto
I ve\bo
IlIej (masculino singular) Attention
.
I-
Depois de uma preposição [!Q], [2[], [abo"Ut], etc.,
Susan is aff1icted.
t v~rbo
[ShYJ (feminino singular)
devemos usar ~bjeCtive I'ronouns I, seja qual for sua
função sintática.
Some lfIJ
the students are doing the lesson.
,
The discussion was important. preposition them
t verbo
[J!J (neutro-singular) Exercise VII
Husband and wife have many doubts. Substitute the objetive pronouns for the nouns.
t ve\bo 1. girl: ... 4. you and me:
ITI!ITJ
(3~ pessoa plural) 2. tower: 5. teacher:
The doubts are about marriage (casamento). 3. wives: ... 6. women: ...
t ve}bo
[JheyJ (3~ pessoa plural) Exercise VIII
Substitute the objective pronouns for the underlined
Exercise V nouns.
Substitute the pronouns for the nouns. 1. I talked to thepolice.
1. wife: ... 4. Sam and you: 2. The law (lei) is not easy to most peoQk.
2. children: ... 5. book: . 3. Jennifer wrote to the amicted woman.
3. Bob and I: 6. baby: . 4. The couple (par) talked to their children.
5. The woman referred to both husband and wife.
Attention 6. They wanted to see the letter very urgent1y.
É possível o uso do pronome neutro [[l, além de 7. She asked the student to read the books for
[~ ou likJ quando nos referimos a bao e the exam.
Cf)
rs:ilil-ªJ Vale a pena observar que, em se tratando de
animais, quando há uma certa afeição ou consideração, é
8. They saw Peter going to the movies. •
"
Z
~ comum o uso do pronome [I!iJ ou fIlie]. O mesmo
O pode ocorrer com seres inanimados, quando se quer Attention
Z Lembre-se de que people e police são coletivos,
O demonstrar esse mesmo apego.
a: referem-se a um plural, portanto devem ser substi-
o... Exercise VI tuídos por they ou them.
....J
<t: Substitute pronouns for the underlined (sublinhados)
Z nouns. Exercise IX
O 1. ]ennifer is worried. Substitute the pronouns for the underlined nouns.
Cf)
a: 2. Jhe husband is calmo 1. M--ª!'Lsaw John and Jane last night.
-
UJ
o... 3. The author (autor) wants to have children.
4. Eªmili~$ are questionable.
2. Jennifer answered both letters immediately.
3. Peter wasn't happy with the answer.
I
16
4. Marion thought the boy was going to see the fllm. Exercise XI
S. Millions of people live in apartments. 1. Identifique os cognatos' (no texto e na questão).
6. Pror.:lUns replace nouns. 2. Consultando o texto, substitua os vocábulos em
7. The boy sát down and listened' to the music with great português por seu correspondente em inglês.
interest.
8. M3ry and her husband are worrying about Bob and me. While John Smith (ia) to school this morning, a
(carro) (derrubou-o). His (direita) (perna) was (quebra-
da) (exatamente) (abaixo) the (joelho). Some people'
Se você pensar a respeito, vai perceber que já utiliza- (que) (viram) the accident (deitaram-no) in a comforta-
va os pronomes pessoais antes mesmo de haver recebido ble position on the (pavimento) and telephoned for an
explicações gramaticais. Acho que agora tudo deve es- ambulance.
tar bem claro para você, e suas dúvidas elucidadas.
Neste caso, por que não aumentar seu vocabulário, 3. Combine as palavras da coluna I com sua tradução
analisando mais um texto? na coluna 2.
1. to wait a) cujo
Exercise X 2. driver b) fugiu
Apenas leia o texto e a questão que o 3. to cover c) perceber
acompanha. 4. coat d) levar (carregar)
embora
S. ran away e) preocupação
While John Smith was going to school this morn- 6. to realize f) motorista
ing, a car knocked him down. His right leg was 7. to carry away 'g) cobrir
broken just below the knee. Some people who saw h) paletó, casaco
8. to show
the accident laid him in a comfortable position on
9. concern i) esperar
the pavement and telephoned for an ambulance. 10. whose j) mostrar
While the people were waiting for the ambulance,
the driver of the car that knocked John down co- 4. Resolva a questão do exercício X.
vered him with a coat and tried to comfort him.
Exercise XII
Substitute pronouns for the underlined nouns.
1. (V.F. Vberaba, MG) The driver. ..
1. A car knocked John Smith down.
a) rarr away when he realized that he had knocked 2. The girl broke her leg just below the knee.
down someone. 3. Some people who saw the accident laid the woman
b) had to cal! an ambulance to carryJohn Smith away. in a comfortable position.
c) was involved in a car accident while going to 4. While his wife was waiting for the doctors, the
school. driver of the car that knocked the man down called
d) showed concern about his victim. a lawyer (advogado/a).
e) was forced by the people to cú~nfort the man whose S. The nurses (enfermeiras) asked Bob and me to
leg had been broken. carry the victim away.
Answers
11 . I. important; honest; stability; fa- seguir uma faml1ia ideal. 5. They - them; 6. They -
• mily; saciety; ideal; sincerely. III. I. (d): 2. (f): 3. (e): 4. (b): them; 7. He - il; 8. They -
U)
Z
2. b 5. (h): 6. (a); 7. (c); 8. (g) uso ::J
4 = I. (I) Resposta possível: A dúvida IV. I. one anOlher: 2. each Olher; X. I. d
O
se ela e o marido deveriam, ou 3. each other; 4. one another. XI. I. accident, comfortable, posi-' Z
não, ter filhos. V. I. she; 2. thev; 3. we; 4. vou; tion, pavement, tclephoned, am- O
(2) Resposta possível: "Aflita" 5. it: 6. he (she)(ir). - bulance, to comllllt. c:
(3) Resposta possível: Ambos VI. I. She; 2. He; 3. She (He); 2. was going, car, knocked him a..
4. They; 5. It; 6. We; 7. Thev; down, right, leg, broken, just, -I
têm dú\'idas quanto à estabilida-
de da faml1ia como uma unidade 8. lI. below, knee, who, saw, laid «
Z
na sociedade alUal. VII. 1. her; 2. it; 3. them; 4. us; him, pavemenl.
3. I.(i); 2.(f); 3.(g); 4.(h); 5.(b);
O
(4) Resposta possível: Ambos 5. him (her); 6. them. U)
são provenientes de lares des- VIII. I. them; 2. them; 3. her; 6.(c); 7.(d); 8.(i); 9.(e): IO.(a} c:
-
4. them; 5. them; 6. it; 7. him XII. I. !t. him: 2. she, it, it: UJ
feitos. a..
(5) Resposta possível: Se há (her) - them; 8. him. 3. They, ir, her; 4. she, lhem,
qualquer esp.:cie de garantia de IX. I. She - them; 2. She - them: he/she, him, himlher: 5. they.
que ela e o marido possam eon- 3. He - it; 4. She - he - il: uso himlher. 17
1
-
Cf)
18
3. grim
4. compelling ( )
S. yeasty
( )
()
c) algo, alguma coisa
d) de quem
e) renomado
We live
Vou live
They live
Note que o i simple presen!] é formado retirando-se to wax (encerar) wax wax~
o ~ do infinitivo. Perceba que somente nas terceira~s- to fizz (assobiar) fizz fizz ~
soas do singular (he, she, it) há um acréscimo de W, to go (ir) go go~
não havendo variações nas demais pessoas. É justamente
pelo fato de não haver variações no verbo, exceto na ter- • Verbos terminados em [i] precedido de consoante:
ceira pessoa do singular, que praticamente não existe transformamos o li] em [TI e acrescentamos ~.
sujeito subentendido em inglês, pois se disséssemos, por • Verbos terrninad'ls em [i] precedido de vogal: acres-
exemplo, love, querendo dizer amo, este verbo caberia centamos apenas IIJ.
também para outros sujeitos (you, we, they).
O verbo em inglês só aparece sem sujeito quando este to try (tentar) to pray (rezar)
já foi anteriormente mencionado, e a repetição fica dese- I
legante. •
consoante vogal
[] lave and hate. (Amoe odeio) I try I pray
You try You pray
•
sujeito
He ] He ]
She tr [ies I She pray IIJ
Exercise IH It It
Reescreva 6 verbos do texto que estejam no simple present. We try We pray
You try You pray
Exercise IV They try They pray
Put (coloque)the verbs in parentheses into the simple pre-
sent tense. Exercise VI
1. (to say): I ... Supply the simple present tense of these verbs.
2. (to found): He 1. (to study): The student ... the lesson.
3. (to get): She . 2. '(to play): Mary ... the piano.
4. (to seU): We . 3. (to worry): The woman... about her problems.
5. (to have): James ... 4. (to do): He... his homework.
5. (to watch): She ... TV every night.
Attention! 6. (to try): Bob ... to be famous.
to have (ter) had had 7. (to press): That man ... the button (botão).
8. (to say): She ... , "good night".
I have
You have Exercise VII
He ] Supply the simple present tense.
She has 1. His words (to ring) ... true.
It 2. Something (to attract) ... poets to Calcutta.
We have 3. Nobody (to want) ... to make a fllm about
You have Geneva.
They have 4. Calcutta (to seem) ... to be the most wicked
place in the universe.
Exercise V 5. Every woman (to have) ... a dream.
Supply the simple present tense. 6. Everybody (to love) ... beautiful places.
1. (to ring): It .
2. (to sing): She . Attention!
3. (to compel): They Embora a palavra every possa ser traduzida no plural,
4. (to see): We ... ela é singular e deve ser acompanhada de outra palavra
5. (to kiss) (beijar):She ... no singular: every boy, every day. O mesmo ocorre com
seus derivados: everybody, everyone (todomundo,todos)etc.
Se acrescentássemos mais um s ao verbo to kiss ficaria muito Everybody know W the truth.(Todo mundo/todos conhece(m) LU
Cf)
estranho, você não acha? Ao responder à questão V, você já a verdade.) t Z
deve ter adivinhado que existem regrinhas especiais para ca- singular LU
f0-
sos ass!m.
fo-
• Empregos do simple present Z
LU
Special mIes • O simple present expressa uma verdade geral ou Cf)
Os verbos terminados em ~, ~l, Ich I, científica. LU
a:
[i], [i], e [<!] recebem o sufixo ~ nas tercei- The earth moves round the sun. (Aterramove-seaoredor a..
ras pessoas do singular. do sol.) LU
-.J
I, you, we he, she, it • O simple present expressa uma ação habitual. a..
-
you, they She seldom gets up before seven. (Elararamenteselevanta ~
to press (apenar) press press ~ antesdas 7.) Cf)
to wash (lavar) wash wash ~ I brush my teeth three times a day. (Escovomeusdentes
to watch (observar) watch watch ~ trêsvezesaodia.) 19
• Advérbios que geralmente acompanham o simple presellt • Advérbio de tempo (indefmido): colocado I antes I
always (sempre) do verbo principal.
never (nunca) The poor Iseldom Isur\'i\'e 011 lhe SlreelS.
often = frequently (freqüentemente) \. . I
ver b o pnnclpa
seldom = rarely (raramente) Your lover is -,a~l-w-a-ys-1
thinking of you.
usually (usualmente, geralmente)
generally (geralmente) \ b o aUXl'1'lar
ver '"ver b o pnnClpa
.. I.
sometimes (às vezes)
Exercise VIII
Sundays (aos domingos) Insert the adverb in its correct place.
Mondays (às segundas-feiras) 1.She drinks whisky (often).
Tuesdays (às terças-feiras) 2.He goes to Paris alone (sozinho) (never).
Wednesdays (às quartas-feiras) 3.They sell their blood (twice a year).
on Thursdays (às quintas-feiras) 4.A renowned movie director makes a new film
Fridays (às sextas-feiras) (every year).
Saturdays (aos sábados) 5. They write to me in English (sometimes).
Os nomes dos dias da semana são
escritos com letra maiúscula.
Agora você conhece dois tempos verbais que expres-
sam o presente: o present continuous (ação que está
once (uma vez) acontecendo agora) e o simple present (ação habitual;
twice (duas vezes) day (dia) verdad~ geral). Verifique se você já consegue diferen-
three times (três vezes)
four times (quatro vezes) ]
(à, ao, por)
a 1 month (més)
week (semana)
ciar um do outro e, em seguida, aplique seus conheci-
mentos no exercício que se segue.
Exercise IX
day (todo/s ois dia/s) Simple present or present continuous?
every month (todo/s ois mes/es)
year (todo/s ois anais) 1. You... (to have) to hurry uI'. The bus ....
(to come).
2. Jane always ... (to study) Maths aI this hour,
but today she ... (to play) tennis.
• Se observarmos esses advérbios de tempo que acaba- 3. At this moment Edward ... (to do) his homework
mos de aprender, é possível notar que alguns deles indi- while Doris ... (to make) a cake (boio).
cam tempo definido (every day, on Sundays etc) e outros, 4. Some contrasts always ... (to attract) and ...
tempo indefmido (always, seidom etc). Esta constatação (to inspire) poets.
é importante, pois a partir dela é que saberemos qual a 5. Listen! Alice and her husband ..... (to quarrel) again.
posição do advérbio dentro da oração. 6. Everytime he ... (to get) angry, he ...
• Advérbio de tempo (definido): colocado no [lli!!] ou (to bang) on the table .
I início I da oração. 7. Be guieI, please! They ... (to try) to relaxo
Mary visits Calcutta lonce a @. 8. You certainly ... (to know) that ali objects ....
[Dnce a y~ Mary visits Calcutta, (to fali) at the same speed.
Answers
11. 1. universe; eiite; iuxurious; 5. Porque Calcutá é cheia de IV: i. say; 2. founds; 3. gets; 4. seI!; 5. has
conflicts; contrasts; at- conflitos e contrastes.
tracts; inspires; poets; 6 = I. i. Robert Ciive's
V: . rings; 2. sings; 3. compel; 4. see; S.
LlJ kisses
Cf) revoi u tio na- (words).
Z ries; romantics; director; 2. They can be found VI : i. studies; 2. piays; 3. worries; 4. does;
LlJ resident; fIlm. in luxurious S. watches; 6. tries; 7. presses; 8. says.
f-
2. said; founder; empire; mansions. V I I: i. ring; 2. attracts; 3. wants; 4. seems;
f- 3. They sell their
Z most; wicked; piace; still; S. has; 6. ioves
LlJ ring; true; by; white- biood (just for a
Cf) gioved; Meanwhiie; few pennies to get VIII: I. She often drinks ... ; 2. He never
LlJ by). goes ... ; 3. Twice a year they seI! their
a: poorest; poor; bareiy;
4. Something about biood (twice a year); 4. Every year a
o.... survive; streets; sell;
Calcutta's grim renowned movie director makes a new
LlJ blood; justo
....J conflicts and com- flim (every year); 5. They sometimes
o.... 3. I. (j); 2. (c); 3. (g); 4. (b); pelling contrasts write ...
~ 5. (h); 6. (i); 7. (e); 8. (a);