EJERCICIOS DE HIDROCARBUROS

A) Nombrar los siguientes compuestos orgnicos:

1.- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
2.- CH3-CH3
3.- CH3-(CH2)5-CH3
4.- CH3-(CH2)4-CH3
5.- CH3-CH26.- CH3-CH2-CH27.-CH3-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH2-CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)CH2-CH3
8.- CH3-(CH2)2-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
9.- CH3-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
10.- CH3-(CH2)2-CH(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)2CH2-CH3
11.- CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-(CH2)2-CH3
12.- CH3-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-CH3
13.- CH3-CH2-C(CH3)3
14.- CH2=CH-CH3
15.- CH3-CH=CH-CH3
16.- CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH=CH2
17.- CH2=CH-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)CH3
18.- CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
19.- CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)CH3
20.- CH2=CH-CH(CH3)CH(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3

21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.-

C(CH3)3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2
CH3-CH=C(CH3)-C(CH3)=CH-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH2=C(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH=CH-C(CH3)=CH2
CH3-CH=C(CH3)-C(CH2-CH3)=CH-C(CH3)2-CH=CH2
CH3-CH(CH=CH2)-CH=CH2
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH=C=CH2
CHC-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CC-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CC-CH2-CH3
CH3-CC-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2CH(CCH)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CC-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
CHC-CH(CH3)CC-CH3
CHC-CCH
CH3-CC-CH(CH2-CH3)-CCH
CHC-CC-CCH
CH2=CH-CH2-C(CH2-CH3)=CH-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-C(CH3)=CH-CH(CH=CH2)-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CC-C(CH2-CH3)=CH2
CH3-CH=CH-CH(CC-CH3)-CH2-CH3

Soluciones
1.- Butano
2.- Etano
3.- Heptano
4.- Hexano
5.- Radical etilo
6.- Radical propilo
7.- 3,6-Dimetil-5-propil-nonano
8.- 3-Etil-2-metilhexano
9.- 2,3-Dimetilpentano
10.- 4-Etil-3,3-dimetilheptano
11.- 4-Etil-3,3,4-trimetilheptano
12.- 2,2,3,3-Tetrametilbutano
13.- 2,2-Dimetilbutano
14.- Propeno

15.- 2-Buteno
16.- 4-Metil-1-penteno
17.- 3-Etil-4-metil-1-penteno
18.- 5,6-Dimetil-3-hepteno
19.- 4-Etil-5-metil-2-hexeno
20.- 4-Etil-3,6-dimetil-1hepteno
21.- 3,4,4-Trimetil-1-penteno
22.- 3,4,6-Trimetil-2,4-Heptadieno
23.- 6-Etil-2-metil-1,3,6-heptatrieno
24.- 5-Etil-3,3,6-trimetil-1,4,6- octatrieno
25.- 3-Metil-1,4-pentadieno
26.- 4-Etil-5-metil-1,2-hexadieno
27.- 3-Metil-1-pentino
28.- 4-Metil-2-hexino

29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.-

5,5-Dimetil-3-heptino
4,5,6,6-Tetrametil-2-octino
3-Etil-1-pentino
4,5-Dimetil-2-hexino
3-Metil-1,4-hexadiino
Butadiino (slo hay una posibilidad)
3-Etil-1,4-hexadiino
Hexatriino (slo hay una posibilidad)
4-Etil-1,4-hexadieno
5-Metil-3-propil-1,4,6-octatrieno
2-Etil-3-octin-1,5-dieno
4-Etil-2-heptin-5-eno

B) Formular los siguientes compuestos orgnicos:

1.- Pentano
2.- Metano
3.- Butano
4.- Nonano
5.- Radical metilo
6.- Radical butilo
7.- Radical metiletilo
8.- 4-etil-2,3-dimetilheptano
9.- 5-butil-3,6-dimetilnonano
10.- 4-etil-2,6,6-trimetiloctano
11.- 2,2-dimetilbutano
12.- 3,5-dimetilheptano
13.- 3,3,6-trietil-6-metiloctano
14.- 4-etil-3,3-dimetilheptano
15.- 2,2,3,3-tetrametilbutano
16.- 2,3-dimetil-5-propildecano
17.- 4-etil-3-metildecano
18.- 2,3,5-trimetil-4-propilheptano
19.- 4-etil-2,5,7-trimetil-5-propilnonano
20.- 2-penteno
21.- 4,5-dimetil-2-hexeno
22.- 3,4-dimetil-2-hexeno
23.- 4-etil-5,6,6-trimetil-2-hepteno
24.- 1-buteno
25.- Eteno
26.- 3-hepteno
27.- 2-hexeno

28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.-

3,5-dimetil-2-hexeno
2,3-dimetil-2-buteno
2,4-dimetil-2-hexeno
2,4-heptadieno
2-etil-3-metil-1,3,4-hexatrieno
7,7,8-trimetil-3,5-nonadieno
3,3-dietil-1,4-hexadieno
1,3-pentadieno
1,3,5-heptatrieno
5-etil-2,6-dimetil-2,3,4-octatrieno
3-etil-2,4-dimetil-1,4-pentadieno
2,6-dimetil-2,3,4,5-octatetraeno
2-pentino
3-metil-1-butino
5,6-dimetil-3-heptino
6,6-dietil-4-nonino
Propino
2-heptino
3-hexino
5,6-dimetil-3-heptino
1,3,5-hexatriino
6-metil-2,4-heptadiino
2,7,7-trimetil-3,5-nonadiino
2,2-dimetil-3,5,7-decatriino
2,5-heptadiino
4-metil-3-propil-1,5-heptadiino
4-etil-3-metil-1,7-octadiino

55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.-

3-propil-1,5-heptadiino
3-propil-1,4-hexadiino
3-hepten-1,6-diino
1-buten-3-ino
3,5-heptadien-1-ino
1,3-hexadien-5-ino
1-hepten-3,5-diino
3-etil-4-propil-1,3-hexadien-5-ino
5-metil-1,6-heptadien-3-ino
4,5-dimetil-2,4-octadien-6-ino
3-propil-1-penten-4-ino
5,5-dimetil-1,3-hexadieno
6-metil-6-propil-2,4,7-nonatrieno
1-buten-3-ino
3,4-dietil-4-hexen-1-ino
Ciclohexano
1,3,5-trimetilcicloheptano
Metilciclobutano
Radical ciclopentilo
1-etil-2-metilciclopropano
Etilbenceno
1,2-dimetilbenceno
p-dietilbenceno
2-etil-1,4-dimetilbenceno
1-etil-2,3,4-trimetilbenceno
m-dipropilbenceno

Soluciones
1.2.3.4.5.6.-

CH3-(CH2)3-CH3
CH4
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-(CH2)7-CH3
CH3CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-

7.- CH3-CH(CH3)8.- CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH(CH2-CH3)-(CH2)2-CH3

9.- CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-)-CH(CH3)-CH2CH2-CH3
10.- CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(-CH2-CH3)-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3
11.- CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3

CH3-CH2-C C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH C-C C-C CH
CH3-C C-C C-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-C C-C C-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)2-C C-C C-C C-CH2-CH3
CH3-C C-CH2-C C-CH3
CH3-C C-CH(CH3)-CH(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-C CH
CH C-CH(CH3)-CH(-CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH2-C CH
CH C-CH(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-CH2-C C-CH3
CH C-CH(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-C C-CH3
CH C-CH=CH-CH2-C CH
CH2=CH-C CH
CH C-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=CH-CH=CH-C CH
CH2=CH-C C-C C-CH3
CH2=CH-C(-CH2-CH3)=C(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-C CH
CH2=CH-C C-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2
CH3-CH=CH-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-C C-CH3
CH2=CH-CH(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-C CH
CH2=CH-CH=CH-C(CH3)2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH-C(CH3)(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=CH-C CH
CH C-CH(-CH2-CH3)-C(-CH2-CH3)=CH-CH3

47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.-

CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-C(-CH2-CH3)2-CH2-CH2-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH(-CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-CH3
(CH3)2CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-(CH2)4-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(-CH2-CH2-CH3)-(CH2)5-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3-CH2-CH2-)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(-CH2-CH3)-C(-CH2-CH2-CH3)(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3-CH=C(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH(-CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)-C(CH3)2-CH3
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
CH2=CH2
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=C(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
CH2=C(-CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)=C=CH-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH=CH-C(CH3)2-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH2=CH-C(CH2-CH3)2-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)=C=C=C(-CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH2=C(CH3)-CH(-CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)=CH2
CH3-C(CH3)=C=C=C=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-C C-CH2-CH3
CH C-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3-CH2-C C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-C C-C(-CH2-CH3)2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-C CH
CH3-C C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-C C-CH2-CH3

12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.-

EJERCICIOS DE OTRAS FUNCIONES ORGNICAS

A) Nombrar los siguientes compuestos orgnicos:
1.- CH3-CH=CHCl
2.- CHBr3
3.- CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2Cl
4.- CHBr2-CH=CH-CH3
5.- CH3-CH2OH
6.- CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2OH
7.- CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH
8.- CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH2-CH2OH
9.- CH2=CH-CHOH-CH2OH
10.- CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CHOH-CH3
11.- CH2=CH-CH2OH
12.- CH3-CH=C(CH2-CH3)-CH2OH
13.- CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
14.- CH3-O-CH(CH3)-CH3
15.- CH3-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
16.- CH3-CH2-O-C6H5
17.- C6H5-O-CH3
18.- CH3-CHO
19.- CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO
20.- CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-CHO
21.- CH3-CH=CH-CC-CHO

22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.-

CH2=CH-CC-CHO
CH3-CH=C(CH3)-CH2-CHO
CHO-C(CH3)2-CHO
CH3-CO-CH2-CH3
CH3-CO-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CO-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CO-CH3
CH2=CH-CO-CH2-CH=CH2
CH3-CO-CH2-CH2-C6H5
CH2=C(CH2-CH3)-CO-CH2-CO-CH3
CH3-CC-CO-CH3
CH3-COOH
CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH
COOH-COOH
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-COOH
COOH-CH=CH-COOH
CH3-(CH2)3-COOH
CH3-CH2-COO-CH2-CH3
CH3-COO-CH3
HCOONa
CH3-CH(CH2-CH3)-COO-CH2-CH3

43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.-

CH3-CH(CH2-CH3)-COO-CH(CH3)-CH3
HCOO-CH3
CH3-CH2-NH2
CH3-CH(CH3)-NH-CH3
CH3-CH2CH(CH3)-NH2
C6H5-NH2
CH3-C(CH3)2-NH2
CH3-NH-CH3
C6H5-NH-C6H5
NH2-(CH2)3-NH2
CH3-CONH2
CH3-CH2-CONH2
CH3-(CH2)4-CONH2
CH2=CH-CH2-CH(CH3)-CONH2
CH3-CN
CH3-CH2-CN
CH3-CH2-CC-CN
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)NO2
CH3-CHNO2-CH2-CH2-CHNO2-CH3

27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.-

4-Metil-2-pentanona
3-Metilbutanona
1,5-hexadienona
4-Fenil-2-butanona
5-Etil-5-hexen-2,4-diona
3-butinona (3-butin-2-ona)
cido etanoico (cido actico)
cido 2-metilpropanoico
cido etanodioico
cido 3-metilbutanoico
cido 2-butenodioico
cido pentanoico
Propanoato de etilo

Soluciones
1.- 1-Cloropropeno
2.- Tribromometano
3.- 1-Cloro-2-metilbutano
4.- 1,1-Dibromo-2-buteno
5.- Etanol (alcohol etlico)
6.- 2-metil-1,4-pentanodiol
7.- 1,2,3-propanotriol (glicerina)
8.- 4,4-dimetil-1-pentanol
9.- 3-buten-1,2-diol
10.- 4-hexen-2-ol
11.- 2-propen-1-ol
12.- 2-etil-2-buten-1-ol
13.- Dietilter

14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.-

Metil-metiletilter
Etil-Propilter
Etil-fenilter
Fenil-metilter
Etanal (Acetaldehdo)
Butanal (Butanoaldehdo)
2-Etil-5-metil-4-hexenal
hex-2-in-4-enal
2-Pentin-4-enal
3-Metil-3-Pentenal
2,2-Dimetilpropanodial
Butanona
Propanona

40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.-

Etanoato de metilo (acetato de metilo)

Metanoato de sodio (formiato de sodio)
2-Etilpropanoato de etilo
2-Etilpropanoato de metiletilo
Metanoato de metilo (formiato de metilo)
Etilamina
Metil(metiletil)amina
1-Metilpropilamina

48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.-

Fenilamina
(Dimetiletil)amina
Dimetilamina
Difenilamina
1,3-Propildiamina
Etanoamida (acetamida)
Propanoamida
Hexanoamida

56.57.58.59.60.61.-

2-Metil-4-pentenamida
Etanonitrilo (cianuro de metilo)
Propanonitrilo (Cianuro de etilo)
2-Pentinonitrilo (cianuro de 1-butinilo)
2-Nitrobutano
2,5-Dinitrohexano

B) Formular los siguientes compuestos orgnicos:

1.- m-dibromobenceno
22.2.- Tetracloruro de carbono
23.3.- 1,2-dicloroetano
24.4.- 1-cloro-1-propeno
25.5.- Fenol
26.6.- 1-Propanol
27.7.- 3-pentanol
28.8.- 3-hexen-1-ol
29.9.- 3-metil-4-penten-2-ol
30.10.- 3-butin-1-ol
31.11.- 2-metil-1-butanol
32.12.- 2-metil-2-propanol
33.13.- 3,7-dimetil-2,6-octadien-1-ol
34.14.- 2-propen-1-ol
35.15.- 2,3-dimetil-2,3-butanodiol 36.16.- 2-buten-1-ol
37.17.- 2-buten-1,4-diol
38.18.- 4-metil-2-penten-1-ol
39.19.- 2-penten-4-in-1-ol
40.20.- 1,2,3-bencenotriol
41.21.- 3-etil-1-bencenol
42.-

5-etil-1,3-bencenodiol
Etilmetilter
Dietilter
Fenilmetilter
Etilfenilter
Etanal
Butanal
Propanodial
5-etil-2,6-heptadienal
3-etil-2-metilhexanal
Benzaldehdo
2-propenal
3-fenil-2-propenal
2-butinodial
4-fenil-2-pentinal
2-metil-3-pentanona
3-pentanona
4-metil-2-pentanona
Butanona
1,4-heptadien-3-ona
2,4,7-octanotriona

43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.-

1-hepten-5-in-3-ona
4-metil-2-ciclohexenona
cido actico
cido butanodioico
cido benzoico
cido 2-butenodioico
cido butinodioico
cido 2,5-octanodienoico
cido 2-metil-3-pentenoico
Etanoato de metilo
Acetato de etilo
Propanoato de metilo
Metanoato de etilo
Propanoato de sodio
2-metilpropanoato de metiletilo
Acetato de plata
3-metilbutanoato de etilo
1-Propanoamina
Dimetilamina
Propilbutilamina
2-propenamina

64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.-

2,3-dimetilfenilamina
2-metilfenilamina
1,3-pentanodiamina
1,4,5-hexanotriamina
1,1-dimetiletilamina
Metanamida
Propanamida
Benzamida
2-metilpropanamida
2-metil-2-propenamida
2-metilpropanonitrilo
Propenonitrilo
Butanodinitrilo
4-hexenonitrilo
2-pentinonitrilo
Nitrometano
Nitroetano
Nitrobenceno
2,4,6-trinitrotolueno
1,3-dinitrobenceno

Soluciones:
1.2.- CCl4
3.- CH2Cl-CH2Cl
4.- CHCl=CH-CH3
5.- C6H5-OH
6.- CH2OH-CH2-CH3
7.- CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH2-CH3
8.- CH2OH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
9.- CH3-CHOH-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2
10.- CH2OH-CH2-CCH
11.- CH2OH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
12.- CH3-C(CH3)OH-CH3
13.- CH2OH-CH=C(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH=C(CH3)-CH3
14.- CH2OH-CH=CH2
15.- CH3-COH(CH3)-COH(CH3)-CH3
16.- CH2OH-CH=CH-CH3
17.- CH2OH-CH=CH-CH2OH
18.- CH2OH-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH3
19.- CH2OH-CH=CH-CCH
20.21.22.23.- CH3-O-CH2-CH3
24.- CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
25.- CH3-O-C6-H5
26.- CH3-CH2-O-C6-H5
27.- CH3-CHO
28.- CH3-CH2-CH2-CHO

29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.-

CHO-CH2-CHO
CHO-CH=CH-CH2-CH(-CH2-CH3)-CH=CH2
CHO-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3-CH2)-CH2-CH2-CH3
C6H5-CHO
CHO-CH=CH2
CHO-CH=CH(C6H5)
CHO-CC-CHO
CHO-CC-CH(C6H5)-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CO-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CO-CH3
CH3-CH2-CO-CH3
CH2=CH-CO-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
CH3-CO-CH2-CO-CH2-CH2-CO-CH3
CH2=CH-CO-CH2-CC-CH3
CH3-COOH
COOH-CH2-CH2-COOH
C6H5-COOH
COOH-CH=CH-COOH
COOH-CC-COOH
COOH-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
COOH-CH(CH3)-CH=CH-CH3
CH3-COO-CH3
CH3-COO-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-COO-CH3
HCOO-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-COONa

57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.-

CH3-CH(CH3)-COO-CH(CH3)-CH3
CH3-COOAg
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-COO-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2NH2
CH3-NH-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2NH2-CH=CH2
CH2NH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH2-CH3
CH2NH2-CH2-CH2-CHNH2-CHNH2-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)2NH2
HCONH2
CH3-CH2-CONH2
C6H5-CONH2
CH3-CH(CH3)-CONH2
CH2=C(CH3)-CONH2
CH3-CH(CH3)-CN
CH2=CH-CN
CN-CH2-CH2-CN
CN-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH3
CN-CC-CH2-CH3
CH3NO2
CH3-CH2NO2
C6H5-NO2