O Presente Perfeito (Forma Negativa e Interrogativa)

Como j sabemos, em Ingls usamos tanto a Negao quanto a Pergunta com a ajuda do verbo auxiliar.
No Presente Perfeito, o verbo auxiliar "have / has". De modo que, para formar a negao adicionamos a
partcula "not" aps o auxiliar:
Sujeito
I
She
Mike
We

have/has
have
has
has
have

not
not
not
not
not

particpio
drunk
bought
eaten
spoken

complementos
any milk today
a new CD
anything
about the matter

I have not drunk any milk today

Eu no bebi leite algum hoje

She has not bought a new CD

Ela no comprou um novo CD

Mike has not eaten anything

Mike no comeu nada

We have not spoken about the matter

Ns no conversamos sobre o assunto

Notice
Observe que podemos contrair o auxiliar "have / has" e a
partcula "not"
- have not = haven't
- has not = hasn't
She hasn't gone to work
Ela no foi para o trabalho

We haven't had breakfast

Ns no tomamos caf-da-manh

Julie hasn't paid any attention at all

Julie no prestou ateno alguma

Tambm utilizamos o verbo auxiliar para formular a pergunta. Para fazer isso, colocamos na posio inicial:
Have/Has
Have
Have
Has

sujeito
you
you
John

particpio
read
learned
played

complementos
the paper this morning
anything interesting
the piano since last summer

?
?
?
?

Have you read the paper this morning?

Voc j leu o jornal hoje de manh?

Have you learned anything interesting?

Aprendeu algo interessante?

Has John played the piano since last summer?

John tem tocado piano desde o ltimo vero?

Se tivermos um pronome interrogativo, vamos colocar antes do verbo auxiliar:

P. Int.
Why
What

have/has
have
has

sujeito
you
John

particpio
left
bought

complementos
?
early
?
at the shopping centre ?

Why have you left early?

Por qu voc saiu cedo?

What has John bought at the shopping centre?

What has John bought at the shopping center?
O que John comprou no shopping?

Frases de prtica

Have you packed your stuff?

Have you packed your stuff?

Voc j empacotou suas coisas?

Where have you planned the party?

Onde voc planejou a festa?

I haven't watched that film before

I haven't watched that movie before
No assisti esse filme antes

Rose hasn't worked as a waitress this summer

Rose no tem trabalhado como garonete este vero

Where have you learned English?

Onde voc aprendeu Ingls?

They haven't ridden horses for a long time

Eles no tm montado cavalos por um longo tempo

Has Mike paid for the trip?

Mike pagou pela viagem?

How many bottles of water have you bought?

Quantas garrafas de gua voc comprou?

I have lost my wallet, have you seen it?

Perdi minha carteira, voc a viu?

The kids haven't said a thing

The kids haven't said a thing

As crianas no disseram nada

Why haven't you slept?

Por qu voc no tem dormido?

John hasn't done his homework

John no fez seu dever de casa

Vocabulrio
discuss

discussion

disagree

discutir

discusso

discordar

answer

right

wrong

responder

correto

errado

be wrong

refuse

reject

estar errado

recusar

rejeitar

reply

point of view

debate

responder

ponto de vista

debater

criticize

conclusion

criticar

concluso