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TRIGO: CARACTERSTICAS E UTILIZAO NA PANIFICAO
RESUMO
O trigo um cereal que pode ser utilizado na elaborao de produtos, como pes, bolos, biscoitos e
massas, razo por que seu consumo incentivado. A composio qumica do gro de trigo
(umidade, carboidratos, protenas, lipdeos, minerais) afeta as caractersticas funcionais
tecnolgicas e, juntamente com as propriedades estruturais, define a qualidade da farinha de trigo.
Dentre os constituintes do trigo as protenas de reserva so o principal responsvel pela
funcionalidade do trigo, a fonte de destaque das propriedades viscoelsticas da massa, ou seja, o
glten, que tem papel fundamental na panificao. A composio qumica determina o
comportamento reolgico da massa que pode ser verificado atravs de anlises reolgicas, como:
anlise do glten, farinografia, extensografia, anlise da atividade -amilsica e anlise rpida de
viscosidade.
ABSTRACT
Wheat is a cereal that has been used as raw material for the making of products like breads, cakes,
cookies and pasta that are consumed on a daily basis. The functional and technological
characteristics depend on the wheat grain chemical composition (moisture content, starch, proteins,
lipids and ashes content). Its structural properties define the flour qualities. Proteins are responsible
for the wheat functionality, which include its viscous-elastic properties, and the gluten that can be
detected by baking technology tests. The dough can be determined by observing its rheological
performance: farinography, extensography, analysis of -amylase activity and rapid analysis of
viscosity.
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Trigo: caractersticas e utilizao na panificao Scheuer et al. 213
opera com sucessivas trituraes (Cheftel & definido por fatores genticos (Greffeuille et al.,
Cheftel, 1992). 2007). A dureza um aspecto muito importante
O gro de trigo constitudo, basicamente, a ser considerado no processo de moagem do
por pericarpo (7,8 a 8,6%), endosperma (87 a gro, pelo fato de ser determinante das
89%) e grmen (2,8 a 3,5%) (Quaglia, 1991), caractersticas de qualidade (Symes, 1961 apud
(Figura 1). El-Khayat et al., 2006), o que tem efeito
subsequente em fatores como o condicionamento
do gro pr-moagem, o tamanho da partcula da
farinha, a quantidade de amido resistente, a
absoro de gua e a razo de extrao durante a
moagem (Hoseney, 1987, apud El-Khayat et al.,
2006).
Como ltimo constituinte h o germen,
que constitui de 2 a 3 % do peso do gro, a parte
embrionria da planta, onde se encontra grande
parte dos lipdeos e dos compostos fundamentais
germinao do gro (Atwell, 2001).
Processamento
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216 Trigo: caractersticas e utilizao na panificao Scheuer et al.
Figura 2: Tipo de gros de trigo com diferentes valores proteicos e indicao de produtos obtidos. Fonte:
Moss, (1973), apud Hoseney, (1991)
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