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COMÉRCIO ALEMANHA
Informações Gerais
Superávit comercial recorde em 2016, de USD 270bi.
Assessor comercial de Trump acusou o governo alemão de explorar a “subvalorização brutal” do euro em vantagem
própria.
Presidente do Bundesbank, Jens Weidmann, rejeitou ontem as críticas de que a Alemanha usa a desvalorização
cambial para explorar os parceiros comerciais.
O superávit em conta corrente, que mede o fluxo de bens, serviços e investimentos que entram e saem de um país,
ultrapassou o da China, sendo o maior do mundo, em EUR285bi.
A Comissão Europeia e os EUA pedem que a Alemanha aumente sua demanda doméstica e importações para reduzir
os desequilíbrios econômicos globais e alimentar o crescimento mundial.
Alemanha afirma já ter aumentado a demanda doméstica ao implementar um salário mínimo nacional em 2015 e ao
concordar em aumentar os direitos a aposentadoria em 2016. Além disso, o governo aumentou os gastos com
rodovias, infraestrutura digital e refugiados, enquanto cumpre a meta de um orçamento equilibrado.
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RELAÇÕES BILATERAIS VARIADAS
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Relações Alemanha e Crise do Qatar Relações Alemanha e Irã
Qatar's diplomatic isolation could have Junho 2017: After meeting with Iranian Foreign
ramifications for the EU's economic motor, Minister Mohammad Zarif, Sigmar Gabriel said
Germany. The tiny Gulf state is a major Germany would resist any questioning of the deal.
shareholder in German giants like Deutsche Bank, Zarif also commented on the US travel ban, but
Siemens and Volkswagen. human rights issues went unmentioned. Germany
Germany's foreign minister is pursuing diplomacy has been unsettled by intimations by US President
to resolve the standoff over Qatar. Sigmar Gabriel Donald Trump that the US might pull out of the
said Middle Eastern states should lift the land, sea arrangement.
and air blockade they have imposed on the small Outside the German Foreign Ministry anti-Iranian
Gulf country. demonstrators erected mock gallows to protest
The foreign minister noted diplomatic efforts against Tehran's human rights abuses and support
already begun by the United States, Kuwait and EU for Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad in that country's
nations after Saudi Arabia, the United Arab bloody civil war.
Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain cut ties with Qatar
for its perceived support of terrorism - a charge Relações Alemanha e Rússia
that officials in Doha have dismissed as Junho 2017: Germany's Sigmar Gabriel and
baseless. Jordan has downgraded its ties. Russia's Sergey Lavrov have exchanged strong
Germany's foreign minister has met with his Saudi words during a joint press conference in
counterpart, seeking to defuse the Gulf crisis Krasnodar. Gabriel accused the Syrian regime,
around Qatar. Gabriel said after meeting with al- which Russia backs in the region, of war crimes.
Jubeir that Germany was willing to mediate in the Lavrov and Gabriel also addressed the conflict in
diplomatic spat, which he said threatened to Ukraine, where the two men called for a peaceful
weaken the international coalition against the so- solution. The Russian foreign minster said that
called "Islamic State." Al-Jubeir responded by fresh talks and revision to the Minsk agreement
saying the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) could brokered by France, Germany, Russia and Ukraine
handle the issue by itself and expressed hope the were the only feasible solution for peace in the
crisis would be resolved quickly. region.
Maio 2017: German Chancellor Angela Merkel has
Relações Alemanha e China told President Petro Poroshenko that she wants to
As relations with the US appear to worsen, see Ukraine's peace process restarted. Poroshenko
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has called for says he sees no alternative to agreements reached
closer cooperation with China. Merkel and Li have in Minsk in 2014 and 2015.
held two days of bilateral talks ahead of next
month's G20 summit in Hamburg. Li told reporters Relações Alemanha e Índia
in Berlin that Germany and China "are both ready Maio 2017: As Germany's Angela Merkel meets India's
to contribute to stability in the world." Narendra Modi. Indian PM Narendra Modi is in Berlin
Merkel reportedly gave Li her backing for a free- looking to give a boost to relations with Germany.
trade deal between the EU and China, but pointed Trade and investment topped the agenda. Modi and
out that an investment deal would be a Chancellor Angela Merkel took part in one of the
precondition to any future trade talks. regular consultations between the two governments.
The chancellor also warned that some sticking Ahead of the meetings, the two leaders attended a
points between the two export giants remain, such press conference where they signed agreements
as limited access to Chinese markets and alleged covering everything from cybercrime to railway safety
discrimination against those German firms that do to an annual one billion euros ($1.1 billion) in German
operate in China. development aid for India, particularly in the area of
sustainable urban development.
Germany is India's biggest trading partner within the
EU.
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TEMAS VARIADOS
Alemanha e OTAN
Trump is insisting that all members of NATO spend 2 percent of GDP on defense and has singled out Germany for
particular criticism. Last year Germany devoted 1.2 percent of GDP to defense expenditures.
Joachim Gauck has agreed to gradually increase its defense spending to reach NATO’s target of two percent of GDP
and to create a credible European defense system. It made a unilateral decision in early 2015, for example, to send
the Bundeswehr on a training mission to the north of Iraq and to join the military campaign against the Islamic State
(also known as ISIS) after France invoked the mutual defense clause of the EU’s Lisbon Treaty following the terrorist
attacks on Paris in November 2015. Berlin has continued to help manage the crisis on Europe’s southern periphery,
in Syria and Iraq, becoming a reliable partner to Washington at a time when the United States had significantly
retrenched under former President Barack Obama.
West Germany officially joined the trans-Atlantic alliance in 1955. However, it wasn't until after reunification in 1990
that the German government considered "out of area" missions led by NATO. From peacekeeping to deterrence,
Germany's Bundeswehr has since been deployed in several countries across the globe in defense of its allies.
Bosnia: In 1995, Germany participated in its first "out of area" NATO mission as part of a UN-mandated
peacekeeping mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the deployment, German soldiers joined other NATO
member forces to provide security in the wake of the Bosnian War. The peacekeeping mission included more
than 60,000 troops from NATO's member states and partners.
Kosovo: Since the beginning of the NATO-led peacekeeping mission in Kosovo, some 8,500 German soldiers
have been deployed in the young country. In 1999, NATO launched an air assault against Serbian forces
accused of carrying out a brutal crackdown against ethnic Albanian separatists and their civilian supporters.
Approximately 550 Bundeswehr troops are still stationed in Kosovo.
Aegean Sea: In 2016, Germany deployed its combat support ship "Bonn" to lead a NATO mission backed by the
EU in the Aegean Sea. The mission included conducting "reconnaissance, monitoring and surveillance of illegal
crossings" in Greek and Turkish territorial waters at the height of the migration crisis. Germany, Greece and
Turkey had requested assistance from the trans-Atlantic alliance.
Lithuania: Forming part of NATO's "enhanced forward presence" in the Baltic states, 450 Bundeswehr soldiers
have been deployed to Lithuania so far in 2017. The battalion-size battlegroups there are led by Germany,
Canada, the UK and US to reinforce collective defense on the alliance's eastern flank. It forms the "biggest
reinforcement of Alliance collective defence in a generation," according to NATO
Afghanistan: In 2003, Germany's parliament voted to send Bundeswehr troops to Afghanistan in support of
the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). Germany became the third-largest contributor of
troops and led the Regional Command North. More than 50 German troops were killed during the mission.
Nearly a thousand soldiers are still deployed in Afghanistan as part of Resolute Support.
Meio Ambiente
Governo alemão lançou, em Marrakesh, seu plano para descarbonizar a economia até 2050, com metas de corte de
emissão de gases-estufa para os setores de energia, construção, indústria, transporte e agricultura.
Germany and California agree joint fight against climate change. The move comes in the aftermath of President
Trump's decision to pull the US out of the landmark Paris Accord of 2015. The burgeoning 'Under 2 Coalition' aims to
keep global temperature rise to less than two degrees.
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Demografia: The average age in Germany has fallen for Germany has passed an unprecedented spate of new
the first time in two decades. The drop in the average surveillance and security laws. Dados de
age was driven largely by an influx of young migrants telecomunicações, dados de passageiros de avião,
from crisis regions. The average age of residents in dados de imigrantes, ampliação do uso de câmeras.
Germany at the end of 2015 dropped to 44 years and Politicians and NGOs say that a spate of security
three months (previous year 44 years and 4 months). measures go too far and are beginning to impinge on
The decline was driven exclusively by non-German personal liberty. Angela Merkel's potential next
citizens, especially of people from Afghanistan, Eritrea, coalition partners are demanding a "general reversal"
Iraq, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia und Syria. The on the issue.
birth rate also shows an upward trend, the
government says. It had been dropping for decades, Abril 2017: Angela Merkel has offered Germany's
but now appears to have stabilized. The Federal support to help reform Mexico's security forces. The
Statistical Office assumes that 1.6 children are chancellor and President Enrique Pena Nieto also
currently born for every one woman in Germany. announced a new joint cultural project between
Germany and Mexico. At a press conference in Berlin.
Germany's Family and Interior Ministries have The two leaders also announced the launched of a
announced a new national action plan against racism. "Dual Year" of cultural and economic exchanges
In tackling extremism, some 100 million euros are to between Mexico and Germany.
be specifically invested in preventing Islamist
radicalization. At the center of the new action plan are Junho 2017: German authorities have approved the
issues including human rights policy, protection first visa for a gay Chechen to take shelter in Germany,
against discrimination in daily life, for example in the following reports that police were torturing gays in the
workplace, as well as the punishment of criminal predominantly Muslim republic. Chechen officials
offenses. Other elements include education and denied the claims.
political education, as well as racism and hate
speech online. On the basis of the coalition agreement, Junho 2017: Germany and France say they are working
the action plan has also been expanded to cover the together toward a European security force. The
issues of homosexuality and transphobia. Franco-German initiative is being viewed as a reaction
to US President Donald Trump. At the core of those
Falecimento do ex-Presidente Roman Herzog, jan efforts is the so-called Permanent Structured
2017: Herzog provou-se defensor da democracia, da Cooperation, or PESCO, which in the words of the
liberdade e da paz. Como presidente federal, entre European Commission, "allows a core group of
1994 e 1999, prestou grande contribuição à countries to take systematic steps towards a more
conformação da Alemanha pós-reunificação. Em 1995, coherent security and defense policy without dividing
acompanhado de importante delegação the Union." Essentially, it is a mechanism allowing
governamental e empresarial, realizou visita ao Brasil, willing countries to launch joint security projects
que permitiu avanços nas relações políticas e without requiring all EU member states to agree or
econômicas entre os dois países. participate. The two defense ministers said that they
had made considerable progress with respect to
Hungary hands over Holocaust denier Horst Mahler to PESCO and security initiatives to help five countries in
Germany. The left-wing militant turned neo-Nazi has sub-Saharan Africa fight terrorism.
been deported after trying to seek asylum in Hungary.
Horst Mahler fled from Germany while on medical Acidente em Berlim, dezembro 2016: Caminhão
leave from prison. Mahler, once a lawyer, was jailed investe contra o Mercado de Natal de Berlim. Aautoria
for 10 years in 2009 for repeated incitement to racial foi assumida pelo EI. O crime foi perpetrado pelo
hatred and Holocaust denial, a crime in Germany. tunisiano Anis Amri que, sob diversos nomes falsos,
havia solicitado várias vezes asilo político na
Alemanha aprova lei de igualdade de salários para Alemanha. Poucos dias depois, ele foi morto em Milão
homens e mulheres, jan2017: Segundo a nova lei, por um policial italiano, durante um controle de
funcionários de empresas com 200 ou mais identidade.
empregados terão o direito de receber informações
sobre os critérios que determinam seus salários. Falecimento de Helmut Kohl