Gramática – Inglês

Instrumental
 PARTE 1:
ARTIGOS,
PRONOMES E
PREPOSIÇÕES
ARTIGOS A, AN E THE:

Usamos o “the” para nos referirmos a um

substantivo como um representante de todas
as instâncias ou indivíduos. O ”the”
acompanha o substantivo no singular. Na
escrita acadêmica, “the” é usado para se
referir a máquinas, animais e órgãos do
corpo.

“A” é usado antes de palavras que começam

com consoantes (“a sample” ou “a model”).
Já o “an” é usado antes de palavras que
começam com vogais (“an equation” ou “an
element”), mesmo se a palavra começar com
uma consoante muda (“an hour”).
PARTE 2:
VERBOS
Na língua inglesa os verbos são divididos em três categorias principais: Regulares, Irregulares e
Auxiliares. Mais detalhes sobre cada um deles segue abaixo:

VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES

Os verbos indicam “ação” e por isso representam elementos fundamentais para compreender o
que se lê.
VERBOS AUXILIARES
Sua função é “ajudar” um outro verbo – chamado de verbo principal – em uma oração.

TIPOS DE VERBOS AUXILIARES

Auxiliares: não mudam o sentido do verbo principal e não possuem tradução.
Modais: alteram o sentido do verbo principal dando a ideia de capacidade, habilidade,
possibilidade, obrigação, pedido e permissão.
VERBOS AUXILIARES FORMA
To Be, To Do, To Have AFIRMATIVA

TO BE - Presente TO DO - Presente TO HAVE - Presente

I Am I Do I Have
YOU Are YOU Do YOU Have
HE, SHE, IT Is HE, SHE, IT Does HE, SHE, IT Has
WE Are WE Do WE Have
YOU Are YOU Do YOU Have
THEY Are THEY Do THEY Have
VERBOS AUXILIARES FORMA
To Be, To Do, To Have NEGATIVA

TO BE - Presente TO DO - Presente TO HAVE - Presente

I Am not I Do not I Have not
YOU Are not YOU Do not YOU Have not
HE, SHE, IT Is not HE, SHE, IT Does not HE, SHE, IT Has not
WE Are not WE Do not WE Have not
YOU Are not YOU Do not YOU Have not
THEY Are not THEY Do not THEY Have not
VERBOS AUXILIARES FORMA
To Be, To Do, To Have INTERROGATIVA

TO BE - Presente TO DO - Presente TO HAVE - Presente

Am I? Do I? Have I?
Are YOU? Do YOU? Have YOU?
Is HE, SHE, IT? Does HE, SHE, IT? Has HE, SHE, IT?
Are WE? Do WE? Have WE?
Are YOU? Do YOU? Have YOU?
Are THEY? Do THEY? Have THEY?
VERBOS MODAIS:

Will, can, could, would,

should, may, might,
shall, must, ought to.
TEMPOS VERBAIS:
(SIMPLE TENSES)
Os verbos na língua inglesa, assim como
na língua portuguesa representam ações
que aconteceram no passado ou
acontecem no presente e acontecerão no
futuro.
No total, em inglês, existem 12 tempos
verbais. De início, vamos conhecer o
presente simples, passado simples e
futuro simples. Vamos ainda ver o futuro
próximo, que é formado com o termo
“going to”.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FORMA
AFIRMATIVA
To Work, To Play, To sing
TO WORK TO PLAY TO SING
I work I play I sing
YOU work YOU play YOU sing
HE, SHE, IT works HE, SHE, IT plays HE, SHE, IT sings
WE work WE play WE sing
YOU work YOU play YOU sing
THEY work THEY play THEY sing
SIMPLE PAST TENSE FORMA
To Work, To Play, To sing AFIRMATIVA

TO WORK TO PLAY TO SING

I worked I played I sang
YOU worked YOU played YOU sang
HE, SHE, IT worked HE, SHE, IT played HE, SHE, IT sang
WE worked WE played WE sang
YOU worked YOU played YOU sang
THEY worked THEY played THEY sang
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE FORMA
AFIRMATIVA
To Work, To Play, To sing
TO WORK TO PLAY TO SING
I will work I will play I will sing
YOU will work YOU will play YOU will sing
HE, SHE, IT work HE, SHE, IT play HE, SHE, IT sing
will will will
WE will work WE will play WE will sing
YOU will work YOU will play YOU will sing
THEY will work THEY will play THEY will sing
FUTURE WITH GOING TO FORMA
AFIRMATIVA
To Work, To Play, To sing
TO WORK TO SING
I am going to work I am going to sing
YOU are going to work YOU are going to sing
HE, SHE, IT is going to work HE, SHE, IT is going to sing
WE are going to work WE are going to sing
YOU are going to work YOU are going to sing
THEY are going to work THEY are going to sing
PASSADO DOS VERBOS AUXILIARES FORMA
AFIRMATIVA
To Be, To Do, To Have
TO BE TO DO TO HAVE
I was I did I had
YOU were YOU did YOU had
HE, SHE, IT was HE, SHE, IT did HE, SHE, IT had
WE was WE did WE had
YOU were YOU did YOU had
THEY was THEY did THEY had
TEMPOS VERBAIS:
(CONTINUOUS TENSES)
Os verbos nas formas contínuas
representam ações em andamento, que
não foram concluídas, seja no passado,
presente ou futuro.
A formação desses tempos verbais é feita
com o verbo auxiliar “TO BE” e
acrescentando a partícula “ING” no verbo
principal.
CONTINUOUS TENSES: PAST CONTINUOUS
FORM: [was/were + present participle + ING]
WORK EAT
I Was working I Was eating
YOU Were working YOU Were eating
HE, SHE, IT Was working HE, SHE, IT Was eating
WE Were working WE Were eating
YOU Were working YOU Were eating
THEY Were working THEY Were eating
CONTINUOUS TENSES: PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORM: [am/are/is + present participle + ING]
WALK STUDY
I Am walking I Am studying
YOU Are walking YOU Are studying
HE, SHE, IT Is walking HE, SHE, IT Is studying
WE Are walking WE Are studying
YOU Are walking YOU Are studying
THEY Are walking THEY Are studying
CONTINUOUS TENSES: FUTURE CONTINUOUS
FORM: [WILL + BE + present participle + ING]

READ
I WILL BE reading
YOU WILL BE reading
HE, SHE, IT WILL BE reading
WE WILL BE reading
YOU WILL BE reading
THEY WILL BE reading
SING
I WILL BE singing
YOU WILL BE singing
HE, SHE, IT WILL BE singing
WE WILL BE singing
YOU WILL BE singing
THEY WILL BE singing
 TEMPOS VERBAIS:
(PERFECT TENSES)
Os verbos nas formas perfeitas não existem na língua portuguesa, portanto, não temos
uma tradução para eles. Para entendermos o seu significado, se considerarmos na linha do
tempo: passado – presente – futuro, os perfect tenses estão entre o passado e o presente,
entre o presente e o futuro. São acontecimento em que não podemos determinar quando
aconteceram.
É uma forma muito usada pelos nativos da língua inglesa e utiliza o verbo auxiliar TO HAVE
mais o particípio passado do verbo principal.
PERFECT TENSES: PRESENT PERFECT
FORM: [have/has + past participle]
WORK EAT
I Have worked I Have eaten
YOU Have worked YOU Have eaten
HE, SHE, IT Has Worked HE, SHE, IT Has eaten
WE Have worked WE Have eaten
YOU Have worked YOU Have eaten
THEY Have worked THEY Have eaten
PERFECT TENSES: PAST PERFECT
FORM: [had + past participle]
WORK EAT
I Have worked I Have eaten
YOU Have worked YOU Have eaten
HE, SHE, IT Has Worked HE, SHE, IT Has eaten
WE Have worked WE Have eaten
YOU Have worked YOU Have eaten
THEY Have worked THEY Have eaten
PERFECT TENSES: FUTURE PERFECT
FORM: [will have + past participle]
WORK EAT
I Will Have worked I Will Have eaten
YOU Will Have worked YOU Will Have eaten
HE, SHE, IT Will Have worked HE, SHE, IT Will Have eaten
WE Will Have worked WE Will Have eaten
YOU Will Have worked YOU Will Have eaten
THEY Will Have worked THEY Will Have eaten
 TEMPOS VERBAIS:
(PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES)
Assim como as formas perfeitas as formas perfect continuous não existem na língua
portuguesa, portanto, não temos uma tradução para elas. Elas representam eventos que
estavam acontecendo e foram interrompidos ou que estarão acontecendo e serão
interrompidos por outros eventos.
É uma forma muito usada pelos nativos da língua inglesa e utiliza o verbo auxiliar TO HAVE
mais o verbo auxiliar TO BE mais o presente do verbo principal mais a partícula ING.
CONTINUOUS TENSES: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM: [have/has + been + present + ING]

WORK EAT
I Have been working I Have been eating
YOU Have been working YOU Have been eating
HE, SHE, IT Has been working HE, SHE, IT Has been eating
WE Have been working WE Have been eating
YOU Have been working YOU Have been eating
THEY Have been working THEY Have been eating
CONTINUOUS TENSES: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM: [had + been + present + ING]

WORK EAT
I Had been working I Had been eating
YOU Had been working YOU Had been eating
HE, SHE, IT Had been working HE, SHE, IT Had been eating
WE Had been working WE Had been eating
YOU Had been working YOU Had been eating
THEY Had been working THEY Had been eating
CONTINUOUS TENSES: FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM: [will have + been + present + ING]

WORK EAT
I Will have been working I Will have been eating
YOU Will have been working YOU Will have been eating
HE, SHE, IT Will have been working HE, SHE, IT Will have been eating
WE Will have been working WE Will have been eating
YOU Will have been working YOU Will have been eating
THEY Will have been working THEY Will have been eating
 Quadro Resumo
com os 12 tempos
verbais da língua
inglesa: