𝐿𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎 2 − 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙, á𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑠

1. Determine o valor de x para o qual os vetores 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 4𝑘 𝑒 𝑤 = 3𝑖 + 𝑗 + 2𝑘 são perpendiculares.

𝑣 = (𝑥, 3,4) 𝑤 = (3,1,2)

𝑆𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 é 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎 0
𝑣 ⊥ 𝑤 → 𝑣. 𝑤 = 0

𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜:
(𝑥, 3,4). (3,1,2) = 0
(𝑥. 3 + 3.1 + 4.2) = 0
3𝑥 + 3 + 8 = 0
3𝑥 + 11 = 0
3𝑥 = −11
11
𝑥=− ∎
3

2. Demonstre que não existe x tal que os vetores 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 4𝑘 𝑒 𝑤 = 𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 3𝑘 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠.

𝑣 = (𝑥, 2,4) 𝑤 = (𝑥, 2,3)

𝑆𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 é 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎 0
𝑣 ⊥ 𝑤 → 𝑣. 𝑤 = 0

𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜:
(𝑥, 2,4). (𝑥, 2,3) = 0
(𝑥. 𝑥 + 2.2 + 4.3) = 0
𝑥 2 + 4 + 12 = 0
𝑥 2 + 16 = 0
𝑥 2 = −16
𝑥 = √−16
𝑥 ∉ ℝ, 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠 √−16 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑜𝑠.
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑥 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑎ç𝑎 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖çã𝑜. ∎
3. Calcule a área do triângulo com vértices A = (1; 2; 1), B = (3; 0; 4) e C = (5; 1; 3).

̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵 − 𝐴 = (3,0,4) − (1,2,1) = (2, −2,3)
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶 − 𝐴 = (5,1,3) − (1,2,1) = (4, −1,2)

̅̅̅̅ = 𝑣 𝑒 𝐴𝐶
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑤
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 é 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜
𝐸𝑛𝑡ã𝑜:
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = |𝑣 × 𝑤|
2
→ → →
1 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 | 2 −2 3 ||
2
4 −1 2
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = |(−1,8,6)|
2
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = (√(−1)2 + (8)2 + (6)2 )
2
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = (√1 + 64 + 36)
2
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = (√101)
2
√101
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = ∎
2

4. Ache um vetor 𝑣 tal que 𝑣 × (𝑖 + 𝑗) = 2(𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘)𝑒 ‖𝑣‖ = √6

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑖, 𝑗 𝑒 𝑘 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛ô𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑖 = (1,0,0) 𝑗 = (0,1,0) 𝑘 = (0,0,1)
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣 = (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜:
𝑣 × (𝑖 + 𝑗) = 2(𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘)
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) × ((1,0,0) + (0,1,0)) = 2((1,0,0) + (0,1,0) − (0,0,1))
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) × (1,1,0) = 2(1,1, −1)
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
→ → →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) × (1,1,0) = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 | 2 −2 3 |
4 −1 2
 → → →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝑑𝑒𝑡 | 2 −2 3 | = 𝑦 → − (𝑥 − 𝑧) → −𝑦 →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
4 −1 2

(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) × (1,1,0) = (𝑦, −𝑥 + 𝑧, −𝑦)

𝐸𝑛𝑡ã𝑜:
(𝑦, −𝑥 + 𝑧, −𝑦) = 2(1,1, −1)
(𝑦, −𝑥 + 𝑧, −𝑦) = (2,2, −2)
𝑦=2

−𝑥 + 𝑧 = 2
𝑧 =2+𝑥
𝑆𝑒 𝑧 = 2 + 𝑥 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑧 − 2
𝐴𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 ‖𝑣‖ = √6
𝐸 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎(𝑚ó𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜)𝑑𝑒 𝑣 é ∶
‖𝑣‖ = √(𝑥)2 + (𝑦)2 + (𝑧)2

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎

‖𝑣‖ = √(𝑥)2 + (𝑦)2 + (𝑧)2

√6 = √(𝑥)2 + (2)2 + (2 + 𝑥)2

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2 2
(√6) = (√(𝑥)2 + (2)2 + (2 + 𝑥)2 )

6 = (𝑥)2 + 4 + (2 + 𝑥)2
𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
6 = 𝑥 2 + 4 + 4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2
6 = 2𝑥 2 + 8 + 4𝑥
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 = 0
1
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑎=1 𝑏=2 𝑐=1

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−2 ± √22 − 4.1.1
𝑥=
2.1
−2 ± √4 − 4
x=
2
−2 ± √0
x=
2
 2 2
𝑥1 = − = −1 𝑒 𝑥2 = − = −1
2 2

𝑧 =2+𝑥
𝑧 = 2 + (−1)
𝑧 =2−1=1

𝐸𝑛𝑡ã𝑜 𝑣 = (−1,2,1) ∎

5. 𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒 − 𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣 é 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎 𝑖 + 𝑗 𝑒 𝑎 − 𝑖 + 𝑘, 𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 √3 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝜃 𝑜 ã𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑣 𝑒 𝑗,

𝑡𝑒𝑚 − 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 > 0. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑣.

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑖 𝑒 𝑗 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛ô𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑖 = (1,0,0) 𝑗 = (0,1,0) 𝑘 = (0,0,1)
𝑆𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 (𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠) 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 é 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎 0
𝑣 ⊥ (𝑖 + 𝑗) → 𝑣. (𝑖 + 𝑗) = 0 𝑣 ⊥ (−𝑖 + 𝑘) → 𝑣. (−𝑖 + 𝑘) = 0
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣 = (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜:
𝑣. (𝑖 + 𝑗) = 0
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). ((1,0,0) + (0,1,0)) = 0
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). (1,1,0) = 0
(𝑥. 1 + 𝑦. 1 + 𝑧. 0) = 0
𝑥+𝑦 =0
𝑦 = −𝑥

𝑣. (−𝑖 + 𝑘) = 0
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). (−(1,0,0) + (0,0,1)) = 0
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). (−1,0,1) = 0
(𝑥. (−1) + 𝑦. 0 + 𝑧. 1) = 0
−𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0
𝑧=𝑥

𝐴𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 ‖𝑣‖ = √3

𝐸 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎(𝑚ó𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜)𝑑𝑒 𝑣 é ∶
‖𝑣‖ = √(𝑥)2 + (𝑦)2 + (𝑧)2

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎

‖𝑣‖ = √(𝑥)2 + (𝑦)2 + (𝑧)2

√3 = √(𝑥)2 + (−𝑥)2 + (𝑥)2

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2 2
(√3) = (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 )

3 = 3𝑥 2
3
𝑥2 =
3
𝑥2 = 1
𝑥 = ±√1
𝑥 = ±1
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 > 0 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑦 = −𝑥
𝑦 = −1
𝑧=𝑥
𝑧=1
𝑣 = (1, −1,1) ∎

6. 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐴 = (3,0,2), 𝐵 = (4,3,0)𝑒 𝐶 = (8,1, −1)𝑠ã𝑜 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜.

𝐸𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑜 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜?

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 é 𝑜 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜, 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜.
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 3 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡ã𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑜 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑥𝑜

𝐴 = (3,0,2), 𝐵 = (4,3,0)𝑒 𝐶 = (8,1, −1)

̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵 − 𝐴 = (4,3,0) − (3,0,2) = (1,3, −2) ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐴 = −𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶 − 𝐴 = (8,1, −1) − (3,0,2) = (5,1, −3) ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴 = −𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ = 𝐶 − 𝐵 = (8,1, −1) − (4,3,0) = (4, −2, −1)
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ = −𝐵𝐶
𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅

̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐶𝐴
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
(1,3, −2). (−5, −1,3) = (1. (−5) + 3. (−1) + (−2). 3) = (−5 − 3 + 6) = −2
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐴 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜.

̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐵𝐶
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
= (1,3, −2). (4, −2, −1) = (1.4 + 3. (−2) + (−2). (−1)) = (4 − 6 + 2) = 0
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐵 𝑡𝑒𝑚 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜.

̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐶𝐴
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
= (4, −2, −1). (−5, −1,3) = (4(−5) + (−2). (−1) + (−1). 3) = (−20 + 2 − 3) = −21
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐶 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜. ∎

⃗ = (2, −1,1), ⃗⃗𝑣 = (1,3,2)𝑒 𝑤

7. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢 ⃗⃗ = (−1,4, −3).
2 −1 1
⃗ × 𝑣 ). 𝑤
||(𝑢 ⃗⃗ || = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 | 1 3 2 ||
−1 4 −3

2 −1 1 2 −1
⃗ × 𝑣 ). 𝑤
||(𝑢 ⃗⃗ || = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 | 1 3 2| 1 3|
−1 4 −3 −1 4

⃗ × 𝑣 ). 𝑤
||(𝑢 ⃗⃗ || = |−18 + 2 + 4 − 3 − 16 + 3| = |28| = 28 ∎

8. 𝐷𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎ç𝑎𝑚 − 𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑜 𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒.
𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝑎)𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠;

‖𝑣 ‖ = ‖𝑢
⃗ ‖ = ‖𝑤
⃗⃗ ‖ = 𝑙
𝑑 = (𝑣 + 𝑤
⃗⃗ )

||𝑑|| = √(𝑣 )2 + (𝑤
⃗⃗ )2

||𝑑|| = √(𝑙)2 + (𝑙)2

||𝑑|| = √2𝑙 2
||𝑑|| = 𝑙√2

⃗ = (𝑣 + 𝑢
𝐷 ⃗⃗ )
⃗ +𝑤

||𝐷|| = √(𝑣 )2 + (𝑢
⃗ )2 + (𝑤
⃗⃗ )2

||𝐷|| = √(𝑙)2 + (𝑙)2 + (𝑙)2

||𝐷|| = √3𝑙 2
||𝐷|| = 𝑙√3
𝑑. 𝐷 = ||𝑑||. ||𝐷||. cos 𝜃
𝑑. 𝐷
cos 𝜃 =
||𝑑||. ||𝐷||
𝑑. 𝐷
cos 𝜃 =
𝑙√2 . 𝑙√3

9. 𝐴 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝐴𝐵𝐶 é √6. 𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐴 = (2,1,0), 𝐵 = (−1,2,1)𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐶 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑖𝑥𝑜 𝑦,
𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐶.

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐶 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑖𝑥𝑜 𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 𝑒 𝑧 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜, 𝑒𝑛𝑡ã𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐶 = (0, 𝑦, 0)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐵 − 𝐴 = (−1,2,1) − (2,1,0) = (−3,1,1)
𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐶 − 𝐴 = (0, 𝑦, 0) − (2,1,0) = (−2, 𝑦 − 1,0)
𝐴𝐶
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 é 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜
𝐸𝑛𝑡ã𝑜:
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = |𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 |
2
→ → →
1 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 |−3 1 1 ||
2
−2 𝑦 − 1 0
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = |(−𝑦 + 1)𝑖, −2𝑗⃗ , (−3𝑦 + 5)𝑘⃗ |
2
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 = √(−𝑦 + 1)2 + (−2)2 + (−3𝑦 + 5)2
2

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑎 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 é √6 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

1
√6 = √(−𝑦 + 1)2 + (−2)2 + (−3𝑦 + 5)2
2

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

2
2 1
(√6) = ( √(−𝑦 + 1)2 + (−2)2 + (−3𝑦 + 5)2 )
2
1
6 = [(−𝑦 + 1)2 + (−2)2 + (−3𝑦 + 5)2 ]
4
1
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
4
6.4 = (−𝑦 + 1)2 + (−2)2 + (−3𝑦 + 5)2

𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

24 = 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 + 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 30𝑦 + 25
10𝑦 2 − 32𝑦 + 6 = 0
 1
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2
5𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 + 3 = 0
𝑎 = 5 𝑏 = −16 𝑐 = 3
∆= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
∆= 162 − 4.5.3 = 256 − 60
∆= 196
−𝑏 ± √∆
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−16) ± √196
𝑥=
2.5
16 ± 14
𝑥=
10
16 + 14 30
𝑥1 = = =3
10 10
16 − 14 2 1
𝑥2 = = =
10 10 5

1
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝐶 = (0,3,0) 𝑜𝑢 𝐶 = (0, , 0) ∎
5

10. 𝑆𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝐴 = (1,2, −1), 𝐵 = (5,0,1), 𝐶 = (2, −1,1)𝑒 𝐷 = (6,1, −3)𝑜𝑠 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒:
𝑎)𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜;
𝑏)𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑎𝑜 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐷.

𝑎)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵 − 𝐴 = (5,0,1) − (1,2, −1) = (4, −2,2)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐶 − 𝐴 = (2, −1,1) − (1,2, −1) = (1, −3,2)
𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐷 − 𝐴 = (6,1, −3) − (1,2, −1) = (5, −1, −2)
𝐴𝐷
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

1 4 −2 2
𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜 = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 |1 −3 1 ||
6
5 −1 −2
1
𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜 = . 36 = 6
6

𝑏)𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑎ç𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑣é𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐷 é 𝑎 𝑝𝑟ó𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒 𝐴𝐶
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜 é 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟:
𝑉𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜 = (á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)(𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉 = |𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 |. ℎ
𝑉𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜
ℎ=
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
|𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
 → → →
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 | 4 −2 2 | = (2, −6, −10)
1 −3 2
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜:
36 36 36 18√35
ℎ= = = =
|(2, −6, −10)| √4 + 36 + 100 √140 35

11. 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠: 𝑢 = 𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 2𝑘, 𝑣 = 2𝑖 + −𝑘

𝑒 𝑤 = 𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 𝑘.
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢 = (1,3,2) 𝑣 = (2,0, −1) 𝑒 𝑤 = (1, −2,1)
1 3 2
||(𝑢 × 𝑣). 𝑤|| = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 |2 0 −1||
1 −2 1

1 3 2 1 3
||(𝑢 × 𝑣). 𝑤|| = |𝑑𝑒𝑡 |2 0 −1| 2 0 |
1 −2 1 1 −2

||(𝑢 × 𝑣). 𝑤|| = |−3 − 8 − 6 − 2| = |−19| = 19

12. 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 ||𝑢|| = 3, ||𝑣|| = 4 𝑒 120 𝑜 â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢 𝑒 𝑣, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑝í𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑜
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑢 × 𝑣, 𝑢 𝑒𝑣

‖𝑢 × 𝑣‖ = ||𝑢||||𝑣||𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
‖𝑢 × 𝑣‖ = 3.4𝑠𝑒𝑛120
√3
‖𝑢 × 𝑣‖ = 12.
2
‖𝑢 × 𝑣‖ = 6√3
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
2
𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ‖𝑢 × 𝑣‖2 = (6√3)
‖𝑢 × 𝑣‖2 = 36.3 = 108