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UFSNBDJEØmMPT

a
$POUJFOFO
VO
OÞDMFP
EFmOJEP
b
/P
DPOUJFOFO
NFNCSBOB
OVDMFBS

&6$"3*05"4 &6#"$5&3*"4

"326&0#"$5&3*"4

7
 1.3 Características físicas, químicas
y biológicas del agua residual y sus
procedencias

Tabla 1.3 - 01
CARACTERÍSTICAS PROCEDENCIA
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS
Color "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
F
JOEVTUSJBMFT
EFHSBEBDJØO
OBUVSBM
EF
NBUFSJB
PSHÈOJDB
Olor "HVB
SFTJEVBM
FO
EFTDPNQPTJDJØO
SFTJEVPT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
4ØMJEPT "HVB
EF
TVNJOJTUSP
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
F
JOEVTUSJBMFT

FSPTJØO
EFM
TVFMP
JOmMUSBDJØO
Z
DPOFYJPOFT
JODPOUSPMBEBT
5FNQFSBUVSB "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
F
JOEVTUSJBMFT
CONSTITUYENTES QUÍMICOS
Orgánicos:
$BSCPIJESBUPT "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
(SBTBT
BOJNBMFT
"HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
aceites y grasa
1FTUJDJEBT 3FTJEVPT
BHSÓDPMBT
'FOPMFT 7FSUJEPT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
1SPUFÓOBT "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
Contaminantes prioritarios "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
Agentes tensoactivos "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
$PNQVFTUPT
PSHÈOJDPT
"HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
WPMÈUJMFT
Otros %FHSBEBDJØO
OBUVSBM
EF
NBUFSJB
PSHÈOJDB
Inorgánicos:
Alcalinidad "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
BHVB
EF
TVNJOJTUSP
JOmMUSBDJØO
EF
BHVB
TVCUFSSÈOFB
Cloruros "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBTBHVB
EF
TVNJOJTUSP
JOmMUSBDJØO
EF
BHVB
TVCUFSSÈOFB
.FUBMFT
QFTBEPT 7FSUJEPT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
/JUSØHFOP 3FTJEVPT
BHSÓDPMBT
Z
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
Q) "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
'ØTGPSP "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
BHVBT
EF
FTDPSSFOUÓB
"[VGSF "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
DPNFSDJBMFT
Gases:
4VMGBUP
EF
IJESØHFOP %FTDPNQPTJDJØO
EF
SFTJEVPT
PSHÈOJDPT
.FUBOP %FTDPNQPTJDJØO
EF
SFTJEVPT
PSHÈOJDPT
0YÓHFOP "HVBT
EF
TVNJOJTUSP
JOmMUSBDJØO
CONSTITUYENTES BIOLÓGICOS
Animales $VSTP
EF
BHVB
Z
QMBOUBT
EPNÏTUJDBT
1MBOUBT $VSTP
EF
BHVB
Z
QMBOUBT
EPNÏTUJDBT
PROTISTAS
&VCBDUFSJBT "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
BHVBT
TVQFSmDJBMFT
QMBOUBT
EF
USBUBNJFOUP
EF
BHVB
"SRVFPCBDUFSJBT "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
BHVBT
TVQFSmDJBMFT
QMBOUBT
EF
USBUBNJFOUP
EF
BHVB
7JSVT "HVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT

8
1.4 Parámetros y calidad de las &M
WBMPS
EF
Q)
FT
VO
QBSÈNFUSP
SFHVMBEP
QPS
MÓNJUFT
NÈYJ
NPT
QFSNJTJCMFT
FO
EFTDBSHBT
EF
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
BM
BMDBO
aguas residuales UBSJMMBEP
P
B
DVFSQPT
SFDFQUPSFT
UBNCJÏO
FT
VO
QBSÈNFUSP

EF
DBMJEBE
EFM
BHVB
QBSB
VTPT
Z
BDUJWJEBEFT
BHSÓDPMBT
QBSB

1.4.1 Temperatura DPOUBDUP
QSJNBSJP
Z
QBSB
FM
DPOTVNP
IVNBOP

¡$
La temperatura es el potencial o grado
DBMPSÓmDP
SFGFSJEP
B
VO
DJFSUP
DVFSQP
-B

UFNQFSBUVSB
EFM
BHVB
SFTJEVBM
FT
DPNÞO 1.4.3 Materia flotante
NFOUF
NBZPS
RVF
MBT
BHVBT
EF
TVNJOJTUSP
-B
NBUFSJB
nPUBOUF
FT
UPEP
BRVFM
NBUFSJBM
RVF
RVFEF
SF
MPDBM
EFCJEP
B
MB
BEJDJØO
EF
BHVB
DBMJFOUF
UFOJEP
FO
VOB
NBMMB
FOUSF

NN
Z

NN
EF
BCFSUVSB

EF
MPT
IPHBSFT
Z
B
MBT
BDUJWJEBEFT
JOEVT -B
EFUFSNJOBDJØO
EF
NBUFSJB
nPUBOUF
FO
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT

USJBMFT
%FCJEP
BM
DBMPS
FTQFDÓmDP
EFM
BHVB
Z
EFM
BJSF
MB
Z
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
USBUBEBT
FT
EF
JNQPSUBODJB
QBSB
FM
DPO
UFNQFSBUVSB
PCTFSWBEB
EFM
BHVB
SFTJEVBM
FT
TVQFSJPS
B
USPM
Z
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
EF
EFTDBSHBT
-B
NBUFSJB
nPUBOUF
EFCF

MB
UFNQFSBUVSB
MPDBM
EFM
BJSF
EVSBOUF
MB
NBZPS
QBSUF
EFM
FTUBS
BVTFOUF
FO
FM
BHVB
SFTJEVBM
USBUBEB
B×P
TØMP
FT
NÈT
CBKP
EVSBOUF
MPT
NFTFT
NÈT
DBMVSPTPT
EFM

WFSBOP
1.4.4 Sólidos Totales (ST)
-BT
WBSJBDJPOFT
EF
UFNQFSBUVSB
RVF
TF
QVFEFO
FTQFSBS
EF

MBT
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
FO
FM
FnVFOUF
EFQFOEFO
EF
MB
ÏQPDB
&M
BHVB
QVFEF
DPOUFOFS
UBOUP
QBSUÓDVMBT
FO
TVTQFOTJØO

EFM
B×P
FM
MVHBS
Z
MB
IPSB
MBT
UFNQFSBUVSBT
QVFEFO
TFS
DPNP
DPNQVFTUPT
TPMVCJMJ[BEPT
4F
EFmOFO
MPT
TØMJEPT

NÈT
BMUBT
P
NÈT
CBKBT
RVF
MPT
WBMPSFT
EF
FOUSBEB
DPSSFT UPUBMFT
DPNP
MPT
SFTJEVPT
EF
NBUFSJBM
RVF
RVFEBO
FO
VO

QPOEJFOUFT SFDJQJFOUF
EFTQVÏT
EF
MB
FWBQPSBDJØO
EF
VOB
NVFTUSB
Z
TV

DPOTFDVUJWP
TFDBEP
FO
FTUVGB
B
UFNQFSBUVSB
EFmOJEB
-PT

-B
UFNQFSBUVSB
EFM
BHVB
FT
VO
QBSÈNFUSP
NVZ
JNQPSUBOUF
sólidos totales incluyen los sólidos suspendidos —porción
EBEB
TV
JOnVFODJB
UBOUP
FO
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
MB
WJEB
BDVÈ EF
TØMJEPT
UPUBMFT
SFUFOJEPT
QPS
VO
mMUSP‰
Z
MPT
TØMJEPT

UJDB
DPNP
FO
MBT
SFBDDJPOFT
RVÓNJDBT
Z
MBT
WFMPDJEBEFT
EF
EJTVFMUPT
UPUBMFT
‰QPSDJØO
RVF
BUSBWJFTB
FM
mMUSP
&M
PSJHFO

SFBDDJØO
BTÓ
DPNP
MB
IBCJMJUBDJØO
EFM
BHVB
QBSB
DJFSUPT
EF
MPT
TØMJEPT
EJTVFMUPT
QVFEF
TFS
NÞMUJQMF
PSHÈOJDP
F
JO
VTPT
PSHÈOJDP
UBOUP
FO
BHVBT
TVQFSmDJBMFT
DPNP
TVCUFSSÈOFBT

1.4.2 pH

Q)
-B
EFUFSNJOBDJØO
SVUJOBSJB
EFM
Q)
TF

SFBMJ[B
EF
NBOFSB
FMFDUSPNÏUSJDB
B

VOB
UFNQFSBUVSB
FTQFDÓmDB
1SPQPS
ciona un valor característico relacio
OBEP
DPO
FM
OJWFM
EF
BDJEF[
JOUSÓOTFDB

EF
MB
EJTPMVDJØO
FYBNJOBEB

&M
Q)
FT
VO
QBSÈNFUSP
EF
HSBO
JNQPSUBODJB
UBOUP
QBSB

BHVBT
OBUVSBMFT
DPNP
QBSB
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
&M
BHVB
SFTJ
EVBM
DPO
DPODFOUSBDJPOFT
EF
*PO
IJESØHFOP
JOBEFDVBEBT

QSFTFOUB
EJmDVMUBEFT
QBSB
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
DPO
QSPDFTPT
CJP
MØHJDPT
FM
FnVFOUF
QVFEF
NPEJmDBS
MB
DPODFOUSBDJØO
EF

*PO
IJESØHFOP
FO
MBT
BHVBT
OBUVSBMFT
TJ
FTUB
OP
TF
NPEJmDB

BOUFT
EF
MB
FWBDVBDJØO
EFM
BHVB

&M
Q)
EF
MPT
TJTUFNBT
BDVPTPT
QVFEF
NFEJSTF
DPO
VO
QP
UFODJØNFUSP
&M
NJTNP
QSPDFEJNJFOUP
TF
IBDF
DPO
TPMVDJP
OFT
JOEJDBEPSBT
Z
QBQFMFT
EF
Q)
FTUPT
DBNCJBO
EF
DPMPS

B
EFUFSNJOBEPT
WBMPSFT
EF
Q)
Z
TPO
DPNQBSBEPT
DPO
MPT

DPMPSFT
EF
TFSJFT
OPSNBMJ[BEBT

%FUFSNJOBDJØO
EF
TØMJEPT
TFEJNFOUBCMFT

9
 -PT
TØMJEPT
UPUBMFT
TPO
FM
SFTJEVP
RVF
RVFEB
EFTQVÏT
RVF
Los sólidos suspendidos son principalmente de naturale
VOB
NVFTUSB
EF
BHVB
SFTJEVBM
IB
TJEP
FWBQPSBEB
Z
TFDBEB
[B
PSHÈOJDB
FTUÈO
GPSNBEPT
QPS
BMHVOPT
EF
MPT
NBUFSJBMFT

B
VOB
UFNQFSBUVSB
FTQFDÓmDB
EF

B

¡$ NÈT
PCKFUBCMFT
DPOUFOJEPT
FO
FM
BHVB
SFTJEVBM
-B
NBZPS

QBSUF
EF
MPT
TØMJEPT
TVTQFOEJEPT
TPO
EFTFDIPT
IVNBOPT

EFTQFSEJDJPT
EF
BMJNFOUPT
QBQFM
USBQPT
Z
DÏMVMBT
CJPMØ
1.4.5 Sólidos Sedimentables (SS) HJDBT
RVF
GPSNBO
VOB
NBTB
EF
TØMJEPT
TVTQFOEJEPT
FO
FM

BHVB
*ODMVTP
MBT
QBSUÓDVMBT
EF
NBUFSJBMFT
JOFSUFT
BETPSCFO

-PT
TØMJEPT
TFEJNFOUBCMFT
TPO
BRVFMMPT
TØMJEPT
RVF
TF
TFEJ
TVTUBODJBT
PSHÈOJDBT
FO
MB
TVQFSmDJF
NFOUBO
DVBOEP
FM
BHVB
TF
EFKB
FO
SFQPTP
EVSBOUF

IPSB

4F
EFUFSNJOBO
WPMVNÏUSJDBNFOUF
NFEJBOUF
FM
VTP
EFM

cono Imhoff
1.4.7 Sólidos Disueltos Totales (SDT)
-PT
TØMJEPT
TFEJNFOUBCMFT
TPO
MPT
DBVTBOUFT
EF
MB
UVSCJF 4PO
MBT
TVTUBODJBT
PSHÈOJDBT
F
JOPSHÈOJDBT
TPMVCMFT
FO
FM

EBE
EFCJEP
B
RVF
QSPEVDFO
EJTQFSTJØO
EF
MB
MV[
RVF
BUSB BHVB
Z
RVF
OP
TPO
SFUFOJEBT
FO
FM
NBUFSJBM
mMUSBOUF
&M
UÏS
WJFTB
MB
NVFTUSB
EF
BHVB
TF
JOEJDB
MB
QSPGVOEJEBE
B
RVF
mino sólidos
IBDF
BMVTJØO
B
NBUFSJB
TVTQFOEJEB
P
EJTVFMUB

EFKB
EF
TFS
WJTJCMF
VOB
NBSDB
V
PCKFUP
QBUSØO FO
VO
NFEJP
BDVPTP
-B
EFUFSNJOBDJØO
EF
TØMJEPT
EJTVFMUPT

UPUBMFT
NJEF
FTQFDÓmDBNFOUF
FM
UPUBM
EF
SFTJEVPT
TØMJEPT

-B
UVSCJEF[
FT
VOB
NFEJEB
JNQPSUBOUF
FO
BHVBT
QPUBCMFT
mMUSBCMFT
TBMFT
Z
SFTJEVPT
PSHÈOJDPT

B
USBWÏT
EF
VOB
NFN
QVFT
MBT
QFRVF×BT
QBSUÓDVMBT
DPMPJEBMFT
QVFEFO
QPSUBS
CSBOB
DPO
QPSPT
EF

˜N
P
NÈT
QFRVF×PT

HÏSNFOFT
QBUØHFOPT
&O
MPT
DVSTPT
OBUVSBMFT
EF
BHVB
MB

UVSCJEF[
QSPEVDF
GBMUB
EF
QFOFUSBDJØO
EF
MV[
OBUVSBM
Z
QPS
-PT
TØMJEPT
EJTVFMUPT
QVFEFO
BGFDUBS
BEWFSTBNFOUF
MB
DB
UBOUP
NPEJmDB
MB
nPSB
Z
GBVOB
TVCBDVÈUJDB MJEBE
EF
VO
DVFSQP
EF
BHVB
P
EF
VO
FnVFOUF
EF
WBSJBT

GPSNBT
-BT
BHVBT
QBSB
FM
DPOTVNP
IVNBOP
DPO
VO
BMUP

-BT
BHVBT
OBUVSBMFT
SFTJEVBMFT
P
SFTJEVBMFT
USBUBEBT
DPO
DPOUFOJEP
EF
TØMJEPT
EJTVFMUPT
TPO
QPS
MP
HFOFSBM
EF
NBM

BMUPT
DPOUFOJEPT
EF
TØMJEPT
TFEJNFOUBCMFT
OP
QVFEFO
TFS
BHSBEP
QBSB
FM
QBMBEBS
Z
QVFEFO
JOEVDJS
VOB
SFBDDJØO
m
VUJMJ[BEBT
FO
GPSNB
EJSFDUB
QPS
MBT
JOEVTUSJBT
P
MBT
QMBOUBT
TJPMØHJDB
BEWFSTB
FO
FM
DPOTVNJEPS
-PT
BOÈMJTJT
EF
TØMJEPT

QPUBCJMJ[BEPSBT EJTVFMUPT
TPO
UBNCJÏO
JNQPSUBOUFT
DPNP
JOEJDBEPSFT
EF

MB
FGFDUJWJEBE
EF
QSPDFTPT
EF
USBUBNJFOUP
CJPMØHJDP
Z
GÓTJDP

-B
NBUFSJB
TFEJNFOUBCMF
TF
EFmOF
DPNP
MB
DBOUJEBE
EF
EF
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
TØMJEPT
RVF
FO
VO
UJFNQP
EFUFSNJOBEP
TF
EFQPTJUBO
FO
FM

GPOEP
EF
VO
SFDJQJFOUF
FO
DPOEJDJPOFT
FTUÈUJDBT &M
QSPNFEJP
EF
TØMJEPT
EJTVFMUPT
UPUBMFT
QBSB
MPT
SÓPT
EF

UPEP
FM
NVOEP
IB
TJEP
FTUJNBEP
FO
BMSFEFEPS
EF


QQN
&O
FM
DBTP
EF
MPT
MBHPT
MPT
WBMPSFT
EF
TØMJEPT
EJTVFM
1.4.6 Sólidos Suspendidos Totales (SST) UPT
QSFTFOUBO
VOB
HSBO
WBSJBDJØO
-B
DBMJEBE
EFM
BHVB
SFTJ
EVBM
NVOJDJQBM
OP
EFCF
FYDFEFS
EF

NHM
4PO
TØMJEPT
DPOTUJUVJEPT
QPS
TØMJEPT
TFEJNFOUBCMFT
TØMJEPT

Z
NBUFSJB
PSHÈOJDB
FO
TVTQFOTJØO
ZP
DPMPJEBM
RVF
TPO
SF
UFOJEPT
FO
FM
FMFNFOUP
mMUSBOUF
-PT
TØMJEPT
TVTQFOEJEPT

1.4.8 Sólidos Suspendidos Volátiles (SSV)
UPUBMFT
P
FM
SFTJEVP
OP
mMUSBCMF
EF
VOB
NVFTUSB
EF
BHVB

OBUVSBM
P
SFTJEVBM
JOEVTUSJBM
P
EPNÏTUJDB
TF
EFmOFO
DPNP
&T
MB
DBOUJEBE
EF
NBUFSJB
PSHÈOJDB
JODMVJEPT
MPT
JOPSHÈOJ
‰MB
QPSDJØO
EF
TØMJEPT
SFUFOJEPT
QPS
VO
mMUSP
EF
mCSB
EF
DPT

DBQB[
EF
WPMBUJMJ[BSTF
QPS
FM
FGFDUP
EF
MB
DBMDJOBDJØO
B

WJESJP
RVF
QPTUFSJPSNFOUF
TF
TFDB
B



¡$
IBTUB
VO

¡$
œ

¡$
FO
VO
UJFNQP
EF

NJO
B

NJO
4F
EFUFS
QFTP
DPOTUBOUF
&M
JODSFNFOUP
EF
QFTP
EFM
mMUSP
SFQSFTFOUB
NJOBO
QPS
EJGFSFODJB
EF
QFTP
4F
WPMBUJ[B
MP
RVF
TF
JODJOFSB

FM
UPUBM
EF
TØMJEPT
TVTQFOEJEPT y puede convertirse a CO

4J
FM
NBUFSJBM
TVTQFOEJEP
UBQB
FM
mMUSP
Z
QSPMPOHB
MB
mM -B
DPODFOUSBDJØO
EF
TØMJEPT
WPMÈUJMFT
TF
TVFMF
DPOTJEFSBS

USBDJØO
MB
EJGFSFODJB
FOUSF
MPT
TØMJEPT
UPUBMFT
Z
MPT
TØMJEPT
DPNP
VOB
NFEJEB
BQSPYJNBEB
EFM
DPOUFOJEP
EF
NBUFSJB

disueltos totales puede dar un estimativo de los sólidos PSHÈOJDB
Z
FO
DJFSUPT
DBTPT
EF
MBT
DPODFOUSBDJPOFT
EF

TVTQFOEJEPT
UPUBMFT TØMJEPT
CJPMØHJDPT
UBMFT
DPNP
CBDUFSJBT
P
QSPUP[PPT
-PT

TØMJEPT
WPMÈUJMFT
QVFEFO
EFUFSNJOBSTF
TPCSF
MB
NVFTUSB

&TUF
NÏUPEP
FT
BQMJDBCMF
B
BHVBT
QPUBCMFT
TVQFSmDJBMFT
PSJHJOBM
TPCSF
MB
GSBDDJØO
TVTQFOEJEB
P
TPCSF
MB
GSBDDJØO

TBMJOBT
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EPNÏTUJDBT
F
JOEVTUSJBMFT
Z
MMVWJB
mMUSBEB
ÈDJEB
FO
VO
JOUFSWBMP
EF

B

NH-
FO
MB
DBMJEBE
EFM

BHVB
SFTJEVBM
NVOJDJQBM

10
1.4.9 Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigeno (DBO5) t
&M
SFTVMUBEP
EF
%20
NÈT
FM
FRVJWBMFOUF
EF
PYÓHFOP
QBSB

BNPOJBDP
Z
OJUSØHFOP
PSHÈOJDP
FT
VOB
CVFOB
FTUJNB
&T
FM
QBSÈNFUSP
RVF
NJEF
FM
DPOUFOJEP
EF
NBUFSJB
PSHÈOJ
DJØO
EF
MB
%#0
mOBM
QBSB
NVDIBT
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
EP
DB
CJPEFHSBEBCMF
RVF
QPTFF
VO
DVFSQP
EF
BHVB
Z
MB
DBO
NÏTUJDBT
UJEBE
EF
PYÓHFOP
OFDFTBSJP
QBSB
TV
EFTDPNQPTJDJØO
5BN
t
-B
%20
FT
ÞUJM
QBSB
EFUFSNJOBS
MBT
EJMVDJPOFT
OFDFTBSJBT

CJÏO
MMBNBEB
demanda biológica de oxígeno

FO
FOTBZPT
EF
%#0
-B
NFEJDJØO
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11
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12
1.4.12-C Nitritos 1.4.13 Fósforo total
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13
 1.4.14 Grasas y aceites 1.4.15 Sustancias activas al azul de metileno (SAAM)
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14
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15
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19
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1.4.28 Sílice
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RVÓNJDPT
UFYUJMFT
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GFSUJMJ[BOUFT
QJFMFT
&TUP
PDBTJPOB
BMUPT
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FOFSHÏUJDPT
QBSB
MB
QMBOUB
EF
USB
QMÈTUJDPT
SFGSJHFSBOUFT
BHFOUFT
CMBORVFBEPSFT
ESPHBT
UBNJFOUP
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QJOUVSBT
QBQFM
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21
 -B
BETPSDJØO
EF
DPNQVFTUPT
TPCSF
DBSCØO
BDUJWP
TF
VUJMJ[B
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TF
BHSFHB
DMPSP
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BHVB
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EFTJOGFDDJØO
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CBKBT
DPODFOUSBDJPOFT
EF
nVKPT
FMJNJOBS
NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT
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VOB
QBSUF
TJSWF

EF
MÓRVJEPT
Z
EF
WBQPS
BTÓ
DPNP
UBNCJÏO
TF
VUJMJ[B
QBSB
QBSB
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MB
EFOPNJOBEB
demanda de cloro del agua,
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WPMÈUJMFT y la otra parte llamada residual,
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NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT
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EF
MPT
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EF
FMMP
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VO
SBOHP
FOUSF
MPT

Z

NHM
Z
VOB
DPO %PTJmDBDJØO
UPUBM
EF
DMPSP

EFNBOEB

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DFOUSBDJØO
GVFSUF
TF
DPOTJEFSB
B
QBSUJS
EF

NHM
QBSB
MB

DBMJEBE
EF
MBT
BHVBT
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NVOJDJQBMFT -B
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WBSÓB
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MB
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BHVB
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MB
FMJNJOBDJØO
EF
MPT
NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT
OP
QSPEVDF
VOB

EJTNJOVDJØO
TFOTJCMF
EF
MB
DBOUJEBE
EF
DMPSP
SFTJEVBM
FM

1.4.32 Cloro RVF
BEFNÈT
EF
FKFSDFS
TV
BDDJØO
CBDUFSJDJEB
QSPUFHF
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17 BHVB
DPOUSB
QPTUFSJPSFT
DPOUBNJOBDJPOFT
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FM

Cloración
1SPDFTP
EF
QVSJmDBDJØO
EFM

Cl
BHVB
FO
FM
DVBM
FM
DMPSP
FT
B×BEJEP
BM
BHVB
P
MPT
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EPOEF
TF
MF
MMFWF
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QBSB
EFTJOGFDUBSMB
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FM
DPOUSPM
PSHÈOJDB
RVF
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DPO
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BHVB

EF
PSHBOJTNPT
QSFTFOUFT
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FO
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EF
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EF
QSPEVD cloro
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FO
FM
BHVB
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EF

HBT
EF
DMPSP
QVSP
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DBVTBS
DPMBQTP
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Z
MB

Cloraminas
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RVÓNJDP
RVF
DPOTJTUF
FO
BNPOJBDP
NVFSUF
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B
BMUBT
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QVFEF
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DMPSP
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EFM
BHVB
FO
TVNJOJTUSPT
TBS
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QVMNPOBS
SFTQJSBDJØO
BDFMFSBEB
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EF
BHVB
NVOJDJQBM

ZB
RVF
FM
DMPSP
QVFEF
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B[VM
EF
MB
QJFM
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WØNJUP
BOTJFEBE
BDV
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PSHÈOJDBT
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QSPEVDUPT
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NVMBDJØO
EF
MÓRVJEP
FO
MPT
QVMNPOFT
RVFNBEVSBT
HSBWFT

GPSNBT
FO
MBT
RVF
MBT
DMPSBNJOBT
FYJTUFO
EFQFOEFO
EF
MBT
EF
MPT
PKPT
Z
MB
QJFM
QÏSEJEB
EF
MB
WJTJØO
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EPMPS
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EF
MB
GVFOUF
EFM
BHVB

Cloro disponible
&T
VOB
NFEJEB
EF
MB
DBOUJEBE
EF
DMPSP

EJTQPOJCMF
FO
DBSCPOBUPT
EF
DMPSP
DPNQVFTUPT
EF
IJQPDMP
SJUP
Z
EF
PUSPT
NBUFSJBMFT

Hidrocarburos que contienen cloro
&TUPT
JODMVZFO
BMHV

OPT
UJQPT
EF
JOTFDUJDJEBT
QFSTJTUFOUFT
RVF
TF
BDVNVMBO
FO

MB
DBEFOB
BMJNFOUJDJB
EF
MPT
TJTUFNBT
BDVÈUJDPT
&OUSF
FMMPT

FTUÈO
FM
%%5
BMESJO
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FOESJO
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UPYBGFOP

&M
DMPSP
FT
VO
HBT
EF
DPMPS
WFSEF
RVF
QFTB
EPT
WFDFT
Z

NFEJB
NÈT
RVF
FM
BJSF
4F
QSPEVDF
FO
GPSNB
HBTFPTB
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FMFDUSØMJTJT
EF
VOB
TPMVDJØO
EF
DMPSVSP
EF
TPEJP
&M
DMPSP

MÓRVJEP
FT
EF
BTQFDUP
BDFJUPTP
DPMPS
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TF
PCUJFOF
FO

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DPNQSJNJÏOEPMP
B

BUNØTGFSBT
Z
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B

¡$

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DMPSP
QVFEF
VTBSTF
EJSFDUBNFOUF
FO
MBT
QMBOUBT
EF
USB
UBNJFOUP
EF
BHVB
FO
TV
FTUBEP
MÓRVJEP
BTÓ
DPNP
UBNCJÏO

VUJMJ[BOEP
BMHVOPT
EF
TVT
EFSJWBEPT
FOUSF
MPT
DVBMFT
MPT

NÈT
DPOPDJEPT
TPO
FM
IJQPDMPSJUP
EF
TPEJP
RVF
TF
FODVFO
USB
FO
TPMVDJØO
Z
FM
IJQPDMPSJUP
EF
DBMDJP
RVF
TF
FYQFOEF

FO
QPMWP

22
1.5 Características Biológicas QSFTFOUFT
FO
IFDFT
FTUÈO
GPSNBEPT
QPS
Escherichia coli y
ciertas especies de Klebsiella
$PNP
MPT
DPMJGPSNFT
GFDBMFT

TF
FODVFOUSBO
DBTJ
FYDMVTJWBNFOUF
FO
MBT
IFDFT
EF
MPT
BOJ
1.5.1 Huevos de helminto NBMFT
EF
TBOHSF
DBMJFOUF
TF
DPOTJEFSB
RVF
SFnFKBO
NFKPS

MB
QSFTFODJB
EF
DPOUBNJOBDJØO
GFDBM

%FCJEP
B
RVF
VO
HSBO
OÞNFSP
EF
FOGFSNFEBEFT
TPO
USBOT
NJUJEBT
QPS
WÓB
GFDBMPSBM
VUJMJ[BOEP
DPNP
WFIÓDVMP
MPT

BMJNFOUPT
Z
FM
BHVB
FT
OFDFTBSJP
DPOUBS
DPO
NJDSPPSHBOJT
NPT
RVF
GVODJPOF
DPNP
JOEJDBEPS
EF
DPOUBNJOBDJØO
GFDBM

&M
HSVQP
DPMJGPSNF
FT
DPOTUBOUF
BCVOEBOUF
Z
DBTJ
FYDMVTJ
WP
EF
MB
NBUFSJB
GFDBM
TJO
FNCBSHP
MBT
DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT
EF

TPCSFWJWFODJB
Z
MB
DBQBDJEBE
QBSB
NVMUJQMJDBSTF
GVFSB
EFM

JOUFTUJOP
UBNCJÏO
TF
PCTFSWBO
FO
MBT
BHVBT
QPUBCMFT
QPS

MP
RVF
FM
HSVQP
DPMJGPSNF
TF
VUJMJ[B
DPNP
JOEJDBEPS
EF
DPO
UBNJOBDJØO
GFDBM
FO
FM
BHVB
DPOGPSNF
NBZPS
TFB
FM
OÞNF
SP
EF
DPMJGPSNFT
FO
FM
BHVB
NBZPS
TFSÈ
MB
QSPCBCJMJEBE
EF

-PT
IVFWPT
EF
IFMNJOUPT
))

FTQFDÓmDBNFOUF
TPO
MPT
FTUBS
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VOB
DPOUBNJOBDJØO
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EF
USBOTNJTJØO
QPS
TV
HSBO
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B

los procesos de tratamiento convencionales y a sus largos &M
HSVQP
EF
CBDUFSJBT
DPMJGPSNFT
UPUBMFT
DPNQSFOEF
UPEPT

QFSÓPEPT
EF
TVQFSWJWFODJB
FO
FM
BNCJFOUF
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IVFWPT
EF
MPT
CBDJMPT
Gram-negativos BFSPCJPT
P
BOBFSPCJPT
GBDVMUBUJ
IFMNJOUP
TPO
VO
HSVQP
EF
PSHBOJTNPT
RVF
JODMVZF
B
MPT
WPT
OP
FTQPSVMBEPT
RVF
GFSNFOUBO
MB
MBDUPTB
DPO
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DFTUPEPT DJØO
EF
HBT
FO
VO
MBQTP
NÈYJNP
EF

IPSBT
B

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&TUF
HSVQP
FTUÈ
DPOGPSNBEP
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HÏOFSPT
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&M
FTUVEJP
EF
IVFWPT
EF
IFMNJOUP
B
OJWFM
BNCJFOUBM
IB
IF Enterobacter, Escherichia, Citrobacter y Klebsiella
DIP
OFDFTBSJB
MB
TFMFDDJØO
EF
VO
QBSÈTJUP
JOEJDBEPS
EFCJEP

B
MBT
MJNJUBDJPOFT
EF
TV
EFUFDDJØO
B
OJWFM
EF
MBCPSBUPSJP
&M

Ascaris lumbricoides
TF
IB
TVHFSJEP
DPNP
VO
CVFO
JOEJDB
EPS
EFM
DPNQPSUBNJFOUP
EF
MPT
IVFWPT
EF
IFMNJOUP
4VT

WFOUBKBT
TPO
t
1FSTJTUF
FO
FM
NFEJP
BNCJFOUF
QPS
NVDIPT
NFTFT
QFSP

OP
TF
NVMUJQMJDB
t
4F
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GÈDJMNFOUF
t
&M
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EF
QBSBTJUJTNP
B
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FT
NVZ
BMUP
t
&M
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EF
USBOTNJTJØO
FT
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B
MB
BMUB
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EF
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RVF
TF
QVFEF
FODPOUSBS

-PT
IFMNJOUPT
SFQSFTFOUBO
VO
FMFWBEP
SJFTHP
QBSB
MB
TBMVE

IVNBOB
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B
RVF
TVT
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FTUBEÓPT
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P
MBSWBT

TPO
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FO
FM
BHVB
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BHVB
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P
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EF
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EF
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DVBOEP
TF
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MV
HBS
B
FOGFSNFEBEFT
HBTUSPJOUFTUJOBMFT
TPCSF
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FTUB
TF
FNQMFB
QBSB
FM
SJFHP
EF
DVMUJWPT

1.5.2 Coliformes fecales y coliformes totales

-PT
DPMJGPSNFT
GFDBMFT
TF
EFOPNJOBO
termotolerantes, por
TV
DBQBDJEBE
EF
TPQPSUBS
UFNQFSBUVSBT
NÈT
FMFWBEBT
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FT
MB
DBSBDUFSÓTUJDB
RVF
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B
MPT
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Z
GFDBMFT
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DPMJGPSNFT
GFDBMFT
TPO
VO
TVCHSVQP
EF
MPT

DPMJGPSNFT
UPUBMFT
DBQB[
EF
GFSNFOUBS
MB
MBDUPTB
B

¡$

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FM

EFM
HSVQP
EF
MPT
DPMJGPSNFT

23
 1.6 Calidades de aguas residuales
esperadas
-PT
DPNQPOFOUFT
DPOUFOJEPT
FO
MBT
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
HFOF $POTJEFSBOEP
MP
BOUFSJPS
FYJTUFO
USFT
UJQPT
EF
TJTUFNBT

SBEBT
FO
MBT
DPNVOJEBEFT
EFQFOEFO
EFM
UJQP
EF
TJTUFNB
QBSB
SFNPWFS
P
DPOEVDJS
MPT
USFT
UJQPT
EF
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT

EF
SFDPMFDDJØO
FNQMFBEP
QPS
MP
RVF
FM
UJQP
EF
BHVBT
SFTJ 4JO
FNCBSHP
FYJTUF
MB
BMUFSOBUJWB
EF
DPOEVDJS
MPT
USFT
UJQPT

EVBMFT
QVFEF
TFS
DMBTJmDBEP
DPNP
TJHVF EF
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
FO
VO
NJTNP
TJTUFNB
EF
ESFOBKF


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SFTJEVBM
EPNÏTUJDB
EFTDBSHBT
EF
DBTB
IBCJUBDJØO

DPNFSDJPT
FTDVFMBT
Z
PUSBT
JOTUBMBDJPOFT
TJNJMBSFT 1.6.1 Clasificación de las aguas residuales

"HVB
SFTJEVBM
JOEVTUSJBM
EFTDBSHBT
FO
MBT
RVF
MPT
SFTJ -BT
BHVBT
SFTJEVBMFT
WFSUJEBT
QPS
VOB
QPCMBDJØO
QVFEFO

EVPT
JOEVTUSJBMFT
QSFEPNJOBO TFS
DMBTJmDBEBT
EF
BDVFSEP
B
MB
QSFTFODJB
EF
DPOUBNJOBO

"HVBT
QMVWJBMFT
QSPEVDUPT
EF
MBT
MMVWJBT tes provenientes de actividades industriales; compuestos
PSHÈOJDPT
DBOUJEBE
EF
NBUFSJB
PSHÈOJDB
NFUBMFT
QFTBEPT

ÈDJEPT

Z
CBTFT
FOUSF
PUSPT
5PNBOEP
FO
DVFOUB
FM
HSBEP

EF
JOnVFODJB
JOEVTUSJBM
QSFTFOUF
FO
MBT
EFTDBSHBT
EF
MBT

DPNVOJEBEFT
FTUBT
QVFEFO
TFS
DMBTJmDBEBT
DPNP

Tabla 1.6 - 01 Calidad del agua residual municipal

CONCENTRACIÓN
CONTAMINANTE BAJA MEDIA ALTA
4ØMJEPT
UPUBMFT
NHM
  
4ØMJEPT
TFEJNFOUBCMFT
NMM
  
4ØMJEPT
TVTQFOEJEPT
NHM
  
4ØMJEPT
EJTVFMUPT
UPUBMFT
NHM
  
%#0
NHM
  
%20
NHM
  
4ØMJEPT
TVTQFOEJEPT
WPMÈUJMFT
NHM
  
/JUSØHFOP
UPUBM
NHM
  
/JUSØHFOP
BNPOJBDBM   
/JUSBUPT   
/JUSJUPT   
'ØTGPSP
UPUBM
NHM
  
(SBTBT
Z
BDFJUFT
NHM
  
"MDBMJOJEBE
UPUBM
NHM
  
$PNQVFTUPT
PSHÈOJDPT
WPMÈUJMFT
NHM

 

 

$MPSP
NHM
  
   
$PMJGPSNFT
UPUBMFT
/.1M

o
 
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24
1.6.2 Composición de lodos generados por las aguas 1.7 Verificación y procesamiento de
residuales (crudos)
datos de calidad de agua residuales
-BT
DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT
EF
MPT
MPEPT
TPO
WBSJBCMFT
QVFTUP
RVF

EJDIBT
DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT
EFQFOEFO
EF
TV
PSJHFO
Z
MPT
UJQPT
EF
1.7.1 Verificación de datos de calidad
QSPDFTPT
B
MPT
DVBMFT
IBO
FTUBEP
TVKFUPT
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FOUSF
MPT
QBSÈNFUSPT
EF
DBMJEBE
NJTNPT

RVF
QSPQPSDJPOBO
VOB
JEFB
EF
MPT
WBMPSFT
RVF
TF
EFCFO
EF

Tabla 1.6-02 Composición química de los lodos PCUFOFS
FO
MPT
SFTVMUBEPT
EF
MBCPSBUPSJP
-B
DPNQBSBDJØO

PARÁMETRO RANGO TÍPICO FOUSF
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QVFEF
QSPQPSDJPOBS
JOGPSNBDJØO
EF
MB
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DVBEB
EFUFSNJOBDJØO
EF
MPT
QBSÈNFUSPT
FO
FM
MBCPSBUPSJP
4ØMJEPT
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45

 

 
4ØMJEPT
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45


 
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BDFJUFT

45
1.7.2 Relación entre conductividad eléctrica y SDT
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FO
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EF
MB
DBQBDJEBE
EF
VOB
TPMV
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DPO
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EFQFOEF
EF
MB
QSFTFODJB
EF
JPOFT
EF
TV
DPODFOUSB
1SPUFÓOBT

45


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UPUBM
EF
TV
NPWJMJEBE
WBMFODJB
EF
DPODFOUSBDJPOFT

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MB
UFNQFSBUVSB
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45


 
relación entre los sólidos suspendidos totales y la conduc
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45


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FT
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45



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45



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45

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NHM


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MB
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NHM


  
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rados como organismos indicadores del grado de contami
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475
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FO
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EF
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MPT
MPEPT
1PS
FTUP
FM
HSV
QP
DPMJGPSNFT
FT
VUJMJ[BEP
QBSB
FWBMVBS
MB
DBMJEBE
EFM
MPEP

6O
MPEP
CJPMØHJDP
QSPDFEFOUF
EF
VO
QSPDFTP
QSJNBSJP
DPO 1.7.5 Relación entre DBO, N, P

UJFOF
BMSFEFEPS
EF

Y

/.1NM
EF
DPMJGPSNFT
UP
4F
DPOTJEFSB
RVF
MB
SFMBDJØO
ØQUJNB
FOUSF
FTUPT
QBSÈNF
UBMFT
Z

Y

/.1NM
EF
DPMJGPSNFT
GFDBMFT
USPT
QBSB
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
VO
QSPDFTP
CJPMØHJDP
FT

0USP
QBSÈNFUSP
RVF
DBSBDUFSJ[B
MBT
BQPSUBDJPOFT
OPDJWBT

1PS
PUSB
QBSUF
FYJTUFO
ÓOEJDFT
DVZB
EFUFSNJOBDJØO
QFSNJUF

EF
VO
MPEP
TPO
MPT
QBSÈTJUPT
%FOUSP
EF
FTUF
SVCSP
TF
EJT
DPOPDFS
FM
HSBEP
EF
DPSSPTJWJEBE
P
JODSVTUBDJØO
RVF
QSF
UJOHVFO
MPT
RVJTUFT
P
IVFWFDJMMPT
BTDBSJT
USJDIVSJT
Z
UPYP
TFOUB
FM
BHVB
%FOUSP
EF
FTUPT
ÓOEJDFT
TF
FODVFOUSBO
MPT

DPSB
RVF
TF
FODVFOUSBO
QSFTFOUFT
FO
MPT
MPEPT
FO
MBT
DPO
siguientes:
DFOUSBDJPOFT
EF
Y

Y
Z
Y
QBSÈTJUPT

QPS
MJUSP
SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF t
¶OEJDF
EF
-BOHFMJFS
t
¶OEJDF
EF
3Z[OBS

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