GUÍA DE APRENDIZAJE NÚMERO DOS DE ALGEBRA

SUMA Y RESTA DE POLINOMIOS

ACTIVIDAD NÚMERO 1

1) Sumar los siguientes polinomios.

a) (12a3b2 - 24b – 12) + (– 5a3b – 12a2b + 14)

= 12a3b2 – 24b – 12 – 5a3b2 – 12a2b + 14
= 12a3b2 – 5a3b2 – 12a2b – 24b – 12 + 14
= 7a3b2 – 12a2b - 24b + 2

b) (2mn – 4n2 – 17m3n3 + 7m2n2 + 4) + (– 12m2n2 – 23m3n3 – 2mn – 1)

= (– 17m3n3 + 7m2n2 – 4n2 + 2mn + 4) + (– 23m3n3 – 12m2n2 – 2mn – 1)
= – 17m3n3 + 7m2n2 – 4n2 + 2mn + 4 – 23m3n3 – 12m2n2 – 2mn – 1
= – 17m3n3 – 23m3n3 + 7m2n2 – 12m2n2 – 4n2 + 2mn – 2mn + 4 – 1
= – 40m3n3 – 5m2n2 – 4n2 + 5

c) (12y5 – 16y4 – 17y3 – 18y2 + y + 10) + (– 13y5 + 25y4 – 2y2 + 3y6 – 10y –
11)
= 12y5 – 16y4 – 17y3 – 18y2 + y + 10 – 13y5 + 25y4 – 2y2 + 3y6 – 10y – 11
= 3y6 + 12y5 – 13y5 – 16y4 + 25y4 – 17y3 – 18y2 – 2y2 + y – 10y + 10 – 11
= 3y6 – 1y5 + 9y4 – 17y3 – 20y2 – 9y – 1

d) (5/8x2my2 + 1/3mp + xp + 22z) + (1/2x2y2 + 2/5mp + 7/3xp + 9/4z)

= 5/8x2my2 + 1/3mp + xp + 22z + 1/2x2y2 + 2/5mp + 7/3xp + 9/4z
= 5/8x2my2 + 1/2x2y2 + 1/3mp + 2/5mp + 1/1xp + 7/3xp + 22/1z + 9/4z
= 10+8/16x2my2 + 5+6/15mp + 3+7/3xp + 88+9/4z
= 18/16x2my2 + 11/15mp + 10/3xp + 97/4z
= 9/8x2my2 + 11/15mp + 10/3xp + 97/4z

e) (7/5x4 – 7/3x3 – 2/3x2 + 7/5x) + (1/3x4 – 7/3x3 – 4/3x2 + 5/2x)

= 7/5x4 – 7/3x3 – 2/3x2 + 7/5x + 1/3x4 – 7/3x3 – 4/3x2 + 5/2x
= 7/5x4 + 1/3x4 – 7/3x3 – 7/3x3 – 2/3x2 – 4/3x2 + 7/5x + 5/2x
= 21+5/15x2my2 + 5+6/15mp + 3+7/3xp + 88+9/4z
= 26/16x2my2 + 11/15mp + 10/3xp + 97/4z
= 13/8x2my2 + 11/15mp + 10/3xp + 97/4z

f) (a3b2 – a2b + 12) + (10a3b2 + 10a2b – 10)

= a3b2 – a2b + 12 + 10a3b2 + 10a2b – 10
= a3b2 + 10a3b2 – a2b + 10a2b + 12 – 10
= 11a3b2 + 9a2b + 2

g) (3mn – m2n2 + 5m3n3) + (8mn – 6m2n2 + 10m3n3)

= 3mn – m2n2 + 5m3n3 + 8mn – 6m2n2 + 10m3n3
= 5m3n3 – m2n2 + 3mn + 10m3n3 – 6m2n2 + 8mn
= 5m3n3 + 10m3n3 – m2n2 – 6m2n2 + 3mn+ 8mn
= 15m3n3 – 7m2n2 + 11mn
h) (6x4 – 76x3 – 41x2 + 21x + 11) + (12x4 – 7x3 – 4x2 + 11x - 12)
= 6x4 – 76x3 – 41x2 + 21x + 11 + 12x4 – 7x3 – 4x2 + 11x - 12
= 6x4 + 12x4 – 76x3 – 7x3 – 41x2 – 4x2 + 21x + 11x + 11 - 12
= 18x4 – 83x3 – 45x2 + 33x – 1

i) (2x2 + 2xy – 12mn + 2m – 2n) + (– 10x2 – 14xy + 45mn + 4n + 6m)

= 2x2 + 2xy – 12mn + 2m – 2n – 10x2 – 14xy + 45mn + 6m + 4n
= 2x2 – 10x2 + 2xy – 14xy – 12mn + 45mn + 2m + 6m – 2n + 4n
= – 8x2 – 12xy + 33mn + 8m + 2n

j) (10x3y + 33m + 4y – 12z – 2) + (12x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 3m – 2z – 10)

= 10x3y + 33m + 4y – 12z – 2 + 12x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 3m – 2z – 10
= 10x3y + 33m + 4y – 12z – 2 + 12x3y + 3m – 2z + 3x – 5y4 – 10
= 10x3y + 12x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 4y + 33m + 3m – 12z – 2z – 2 – 10
= 22x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 4y + 36m – 14z – 12

k) (12m2 – 3n + 45p – 7y + 4z – 9) + (8m2 + 5n – 12p + 9y – 4z + 1)

= 12m2 – 3n + 45p – 7y + 4z – 9 + 8m2 + 5n – 12p + 9y – 4z + 1
= 12m2 + 8m2 – 3n + 5n + 45p – 12p – 7y + 9y + 4z – 4z – 9 + 1
= 20m2 + 2n + 33p + 2y – 8

l) (xy4 + 4xy3 + xy2 – xy + 10) + (– 2xy4 – 4xy3 + 4xy2 – xy + 7)

= xy4 + 4xy3 + xy2 – xy + 10 – 2xy4 – 4xy3 + 4xy2 – xy + 7
= xy4 – 2xy4 + 4xy3 – 4xy3 + xy2 + 4xy2 – xy – xy + 10 + 7
= – xy4 + 5xy2 – 2xy + 17

m) (2y5 + 3y4 + 4y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 7) + (y5 + 2y4 + 3y3 + 4y2 + y6 – 4y – 8)

= 2y5 + 3y4 + 4y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 7 + y5 + 2y4 + 3y3 + 4y2 + y6 – 4y – 8
= y6 + 2y5 + y5+ 3y4 + 4y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 7 + y5 + 2y4 + 3y3 + 4y2 – 4y – 8
= y6 + 2y5 + y5 + 3y4 + 2y4 + 4y3 + 3y3 + 5y2 + 4y2 + 6y – 4y + 7 – 8
= y6 + 3y5 + 5y4 + 7y3 + 9y2 + 2y – 1

n) (x2my2 – 2mp + xp – 22z) + (x2my2 – 3mp + 4xp – 9z)

= x2my2 – 2mp + xp – 22z + x2my2 – 3mp + 4xp – 9z
= x2my2 + x2my2 – 2mp – 3mp + xp + 4xp – 22z – 9z
= 2x2my2 – 2mp – 5mp + 5xp – 31z

o) (2p2 + 3n + 5p2 + 17) + (5p2 + 23n – 10p2 – 17)

= (2p2 + 5p2 + 3n + 17) + (5p2 – 10p2 + 23n – 17)
= (7p2 + 3n + 17) + (– 5p2 + 23n – 17)
= 7p2 + 3n + 17 – 5p2 + 23n – 17
= 7p2 – 5p2 + 3n + 23n + 17 – 17
= 2p2 + 26n
2) Calcular el perímetro de las siguientes figuras

a) (x2+x+1) + (4x+1) + (3x-2) + (2x2-x-1)

= (x2+x+1) + (2x2-x-1) + (4x+1) + (3x-2)
= x2+x+1 + 2x2-x-1 + 4x+1 + 3x-2
= x2 + 2x2 + x – x + 4x + 3x + 1 – 1 + 1 – 2
= 3x2 + 7x – 1

b) (4y + 3) + (4y + 3) + (5y + 8) + (3y + 4)

= 4y + 3 + 4y + 3 + 5y + 8 + 3y + 4
= 4y + 4y + 5y + 3y + 3 + 3 + 8 + 4
= 16y + 18

c) (x + y) + (x + y) + (x-1) + (x-1)
= x + y + x + y + x-1 + x-1
=x+x+x+x+y+y–1–1
= 4x + 2y – 2

d) 3n + 7n + 5n + 2n + 5
= 17n + 5

e) (1/2x+2y-2) + (1/2x+2y-2) + (9x – 8y + 7) + (x + y – 8)

= 1/2x + 2y – 2 + 1/2x + 2y – 2 + 9x – 8y + 7 + x + y – 8
= 1/2x + 1/2x + 9x + x + 2y + 2y – 8y + y – 2 – 2 + 7 – 8
= 11x – 3y – 5

3) Halle el perímetro de las siguientes figuras teniendo en cuenta que:

x=2 y=3 z=4 m=- 2 n=-1

a) (2z2 + 15n + 6y2) + (2z2 + 15n + 6y2) + (8z2 + 12n) + (8z2 + 12n)
= 2z2 + 15n – 6y2 + 2z2 + 15n – 6y2 + 8z2 + 12n + 8z2 + 12n
= 2z2 + 2z2 + 8z2 + 8z2 + 15n + 15n + 12n + 12n – 6y2– 6y2
= 20z2 + 54n – 12y2
Parte 2 del ejercicio

= 20(42) + 54(-1) – 12(42)

= 20(16) – 54 – 12(16)
= 320 – 54 – 192
= 74

b) (2x + 2yz2) + (2x + 2yz2) + (2x + 2yz2) + (2x + 2yz2) + (2x + 2yz2)
= 2x + 2yz2 + 2x + 2yz2 + 2x + 2yz2 + 2x + 2yz2 + 2x + 2yz2
= 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x + 2yz2 + 2yz2 + 2yz2 + 2yz2 + 2yz2
= 10x + 10yz2
 Parte 2 del ejercicio

= 10(2) + 10(3)(42)
= 20 + 10(3)(16)
= 20 + 480
= 500

c) (2m + 2n + 4xy) + (2m + 2n + 4xy) + (2m + 2n + 4xy)

= 2m + 2n + 4xy + 2m + 2n + 4xy + 2m + 2n + 4xy
= 2m + 2m + 2m + 2n + 2n + 2n + 4xy + 4xy + 4xy
= 6m + 6n + 12xy

Parte 2 del ejercicio

= 6 (–2) + 6(-1) + 12(2)(3)

= – 12 – 6 + 72
= – 18 + 72
= 54

d) (3/2x2 + 4/3mn) + (3/2x2 + 4/3mn) + (3/2x2 + 4/3mn) + (3/2x2 + 4/3mn)

= 3/2x2 + 4/3mn + 3/2x2 + 4/3mn + 3/2x2 + 4/3mn + 3/2x2 + 4/3mn
= 3/2x2 + 3/2x2 + 3/2x2 + 3/2x2 + 4/3mn + 4/3mn + 4/3mn + 4/3mn
= 3+3+3+3/2 x2 + 4+4+4+4/3 mn
= 12/2 x2 + 16/3 mn
= 6 x2 + 16/3 mn

Parte 2 del ejercicio

= 6 (22) + 16/3 (-2) (-1)

= 6 (4) + 16/3 (-2)
= 24 – 32/3
= 72 – 32/3
= 40/3
= 13,33333
 ACTIVIDAD NÚMERO 2

1) Restar los siguientes polinomios.

a) (13a3b2 – 9a2b + 5) – (9a3b2 + 7 a2b – 6)

= 13a3b2 – 9a2b + 5 – 9a3b2 – 7a2b + 6
= 13a3b2 – 9a3b2 – 9a2b – 7a2b + 5 + 6
= 4a3b2 – 16a2b + 11

b) (45a3b2 + 4a2b – 12) – (45a3b2 + 37a2b – 2)

= 45a3b2 + 4a2b – 12 – 45a3b2 – 37a2b + 2
= 45a3b2 – 45a3b2 + 4a2b – 37a2b – 12 + 2
= – 33a2b – 10

c) (24mn + 40n2 – 12m3n3 + 20) – (– 102m2n2 – 23 m3n3 – 2 mn + 1)

= 24mn + 40n2 – 12m3n3 + 20 + 102m2n2 + 23 m3n3 + 2 mn – 1
= 23 m3n3 – 12m3n3 + 102m2n2 + 24mn + 2 mn + 40n2 + 20 – 1
= 11 m3n3 + 102m2n2 + 26mn + 40n2 + 19

d) (12y5 + 16y4 +17y3 + y + 2) – (13y5 – 25y4 + 9y3 + y2 + 10y + 11)

= 12y5 + 16y4 +17y3 + y + 2 – 13y5 + 25y4 – 9y3 – y2 – 10y – 11
= 12y5 – 13y5 + 16y4 + 25y4 +17y3 – 9y3 – y2 + y – 10y + 2 – 11
= – 1y5 + 41y4 + 8y3 – y2 – 9y – 9

e) (5/8x2my2 + 1/3mp + 4xp – 22z) – (– 1/2 x2my2 – 2/5mp + 7/3xp – 12z)

= 5/8x2my2 + 1/3mp + 4xp – 22z + 1/2 x2my2 + 2/5mp – 7/3xp + 12z
= 5/8x2my2 + 1/2 x2my2 + 1/3mp + 2/5mp + 4/1xp – 7/3xp – 22z + 12z
= 10+8/16x2my2 + 5+6/15mp + 12-7/3xp – 10z
= 18/16x2my2 + 11/15mp + 5/3xp – 10z
= 9/8x2my2 + 11/15mp + 5/3xp – 10z

f) (7/5x4 – 11/3x3 – 2/3x2 + 7/5x) – (1/3x4 + 7/3x3 + 4/3x2 + 5/2x)

= 7/5x4 – 11/3x3 – 2/3x2 + 7/5x – 1/3x4 – 7/3x3 – 4/3x2 – 5/2x
= 7/5x4 – 1/3x4 – 11/3x3 – 7/3x3 – 2/3x2 – 4/3x2 + 7/5x – 5/2x
= 21–5/15x4 – 11–7/3x3 – 2–4/3x2 + 14–10/10x
= 16/15x4 – 18/3x3 – 6/3x2 + 4/10x
= 16/15x4 – 6x3 – 2x2 + 2/5x

g) (– 6m2n2 – 10m3n3 – 5mn) – (– 3mn – 4m2n2 – 5m3n3)

(– 10m3n3 – 6m2n2– 5mn) – (– 5m3n3 – 4m2n2 – 3mn)
= – 10m3n3 – 6m2n2– 5mn + 5m3n3 + 4m2n2 + 3mn
= – 10m3n3 + 5m3n3 – 6m2n2 + 4m2n2 – 5mn + 3mn
= – 5m3n3 – 2m2n2 – 2mn
h) (12x4 + 7x3 – 4x2 + 11x) – (60x4 – 76x3 – 40x2 + 11x)
= 12x4 + 7x3 – 4x2 + 11x – 60x4 + 76x3 + 40x2 – 11x
= 12x4 – 60x4 + 7x3 + 76x3 – 4x2 + 40x2 + 11x – 11x
= –48x4 + 83x3 + 36x2

i) (– 10x2 – 14xy + 45mn + 4m – 2n) – (– 2x2 + 2xy – 12mn + 2m – 2n)

= – 10x2 – 14xy + 45mn + 4m – 2n + 2x2 – 2xy + 12mn – 2m + 2n
= – 10x2 + 2x2 – 14xy – 2xy + 45mn + 12mn + 4m – 2m – 2n + 2n
= – 8x2 – 16xy + 57mn + 2m

j) (27x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 3m – 2z + 4) – (23x3y + 33m – z – 12)

= 27x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 3m – 2z + 4 – 23x3y – 33m + z + 12
= 27x3y – 23x3y + 3x – 5y4 + 3m – 33m – 2z + z + 4 + 12
= 4x3y + 3x – 5y4 – 30m – z + 16

k) (12n + 55p – 110y) – (12m2 – 3n + 45p – 7y + 4z – 9)

= 12n + 55p – 110y – 12m2 + 3n – 45p + 7y – 4z + 9
= – 12m2 + 12n + 3n + 55p – 45p – 110y + 7y – 4z + 9
= – 12m2 + 15n + 10p – 103y – 4z + 9

l) (3xy4 + xy3 + 3xy2 – xy + 26) – (– 2xy4 – 7xy3 + 4xy2 – xy + 7)

= 3xy4 + 4xy3 + xy2 – xy + 10 + 2xy4 + 4xy3 – 4xy2 + xy – 7
= 3xy4 + 2xy4 + 4xy3 + 4xy3 + xy2 – 4xy2 – xy + xy + 10 – 7
= – xy4 + 5xy2 – 2xy + 17

m) (2y5 + y4 + 2y3 + y2 + y + 22) – (–5y5 + 2y4 + 3y3 + 4y2 + y6 – 4y – 8)

= 2y5 + y4 + 2y3 + y2 + y + 22 + y5 – 2y4 – 3y3 – 4y2 – y6 + 4y + 8
= – y6 + 2y5 + y5 + y4 – 2y4 + 2y3 – 3y3 + y2 – 4y2 + y + 4y + 22 + 8
= – y6 + 3y5 –y4 –y3 – 3y2 + 5y + 30

n) (5x2my2 – 12mp + 10xp – 22z) – (x2my2 – 33mp – 4xp + 9z)

= 5x2my2 – 12mp + 10xp – 22z – x2my2 + 33mp + 4xp – 9z
= 5x2my2 – x2my2 – 12mp + 33mp + 10xp + 4xp – 22z – 9z
= 4x2my2 + 21mp + 14xp – 31z

o) (-2p2 + 9n + 5p2 + 27) – (12p2 – 23n + 55p2 – 6)

= (3p2 + 9n + 27) – (67p2 – 23n – 6)
= 7p2 + 3n + 17 – 67p2 + 23n + 6
= 7p2 – 67p2 + 3n + 23n + 17 + 6
= – 60p2 + 26n + 23
2) Resolver las siguientes operaciones combinada de suma y resta de
polinomios.

a) [(23xy + 7z – 11z2) + (– 4xy + z – 12z2 + 45)] – [(– 3xy + z2) + (5xy – 4z2
+ 16)]
= [23xy + 7z-11z2 – 4xy + z – 12z2 + 45] – [– 3xy + z2 + 5xy – 4z2 + 16]
= [23xy – 4xy + 7z+ z – 11z2– 12z2 + 45] – [– 3xy + 5xy + z2 – 4z2 + 16
= [19xy + 8z – 23z2 + 45] – [2xy – 3z2 + 16]
= 19xy + 8z – 23z2 + 45 – 2xy + 3z2 – 16
= 19xy – 2xy + 8z – 23z2 + 3z2 – 16 + 45
= 17xy + 8z – 20z2 + 29
= 17xy – 20z2 + 8z + 29

b) [(4mn2 + 5n + 16m2 +5) + (–3mn2 + 11n – 9m2 – 13)] – [7mn2 + 12n – 6m2
+ 15]
= [4mn2 – 3mn2 + 5n + 11n + 16m2 – 9m2 + 5 – 13] – [7mn2 + 12n – 6m2
+ 15]
= [mn2 + 16n + 7m2 – 8] – [7mn2 + 12n – 6m2 + 15]
= mn2 + 16n + 7m2 – 8 – 7mn2 – 12n + 6m2 – 15
= mn2 – 7mn2 + 16n – 12n + 7m2 + 6m2 – 8 – 15
= – 6mn2 + 4n + 13m2 – 23

c) [(– 5x2y2 – 13ab + 23y2 – 12) + (– 9x2y2 – 28ab – 76y2 + 15)] – [14x2y2 –
5ab + 6y2 + 5]
= [– 5x2y2 – 13ab + 23y2 – 12 – 9x2y2 – 28ab – 76y2 + 15] – [14x2y2 – 5ab
+ 6y2 + 5]
= [– 5x2y2 – 9x2y2 – 13ab – 28ab + 23y2 – 76y2 – 12 + 15] – [14x2y2 – 5ab
+ 6y2 + 5]
= [– 14x2y2 – 41ab – 53y2 + 3] – [14x2y2 – 5ab + 6y2 + 5]
= – 14x2y2 – 41ab – 53y2 + 3 – 14x2y2 + 5ab – 6y2 – 5
= – 14x2y2 – 14x2y2 – 41ab + 5ab – 53y2 – 6y2 + 3 – 5
= – 28x2y2 – 36ab – 59y2 – 2

d) [(x2y + 2xy2 + 35xy + 7y2 + 2) + (12x2y – xy2 + 5xy – 9y2 – 1)] – [(– 4x2y –
7xy2 + 11xy – 9y2 + 21) + (– 7xy2 + 10xy + y2 – 14)]
= [x2y + 2xy2 + 35xy + 7y2 + 2 + 12x2y – xy2 + 5xy – 9y2 – 1] – [– 4x2y –
7xy2 + 11xy – 9y2 + 21 – 7xy2 + 10xy + y2 – 14]
= [13x2y + xy2 + 40xy – 2y2 + 1] – [– 4x2y – 14xy2 + 21xy – 8y2 + 7]
= 13x2y + xy2 + 40xy – 2y2 + 1 + 4x2y + 14xy2 – 21xy + 8y2 – 7
= 13x2y + 4x2y + 14xy2 + xy2 + 40xy – 21xy – 2y2 + 8y2 + 1 – 7
= 17x2y + 15xy2 + 19xy + 6y2 – 6

e) [(12m – 3mn2 + 3mn + m2 – 14n + 5) + (23mn2 + 11mn – 9m2 – 12n + 5)]

– [m + mn2 + 35mn + 7m2 +2n]
= [12m – 3mn2 + 3mn + m2 – 14n + 5 + 23mn2 + 11mn – 9m2 – 12n + 5]
– [m + mn2 + 35mn + 7m2 +2n]
= [12m – 3mn2 + 23mn2 + 3mn + 11mn + m2 – 9m2 – 14n – 12n + 5 + 5]
– [m + mn2 + 35mn + 7m2 +2n]
= [12m + 20mn2 + 14mn – 8m2 – 26n + 10] – [m + mn2 + 35mn + 7m2 +
2n]
= 12m + 20mn2 + 14mn – 8m2 – 26n + 10 – m – mn2 – 35mn – 7m2 – 2n
= 12m – m + 20mn2 – mn2 + 14mn – 35mn – 8m2 – 7m2 – 26n – 2n + 10
= 11m + 19mn2 – 21mn – 15m2 – 28n + 10
= 19mn2 – 21mn – 15m2 + 11m– 28n + 10