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1. Calcule os quadrados:
b) (–2x –10)2 = (–2x –10). (–2x –10) = 4x2 + 20x + 20x + 100 = 4x2 + 40x + 100
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞⎛ 1⎞ xy xy 1 2xy 1
c) ⎜ xy + ⎟ = ⎜ xy + ⎟.⎜ xy + ⎟ = xy 2 + + + = xy 2 + +
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎝ 3⎠ 3 3 9 3 9
x x x y y x y y
. + . + . + . =
2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3
x 2 xy xy y 2
+ + + =
4 6 6 9
x 2 2xy y 2
+ + =
4 6 9
x 2 xy y 2
+ +
4 3 9
f) (x + 1).(x – 1) = x2 – x + x – 1 = x2 – 1
Esse caso é um produto notável que pode ser resolvido na forma prática, onde:
(a + b).(a – b) = a2 – b2
i) (a + 2).(a – 2) = a2 – 2a + 2a – 4 = a2 – 4
k) (2a + b)2 = (2a + b). (2a + b) = 4a2 + 2ab + 2ba + b2 = 4a2 + 4ab + b2
⎛ 2x 3 y ⎞ ⎛ 2x 3 y ⎞
⎜ + ⎟.⎜ + ⎟=
⎝ 5 2 ⎠⎝ 5 2 ⎠
2x 2x 2x 3 y 3 y 2x 3 y 3 y
. + . + . + . =
5 5 5 2 2 5 2 2
4 x 2 6 xy 6 xy 9 y 2
+ + + =
25 10 10 4
4 x 2 12xy 9 y 2
+ + =
25 10 4
4 x 2 6 xy 9 y 2
+ +
25 5 4
n)
2
⎛ x 2 3x ⎞ ⎛ x 2 3x ⎞ ⎛ x 2 3x ⎞
⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ − ⎟.⎜ − ⎟=
⎝ 2 4 ⎠ ⎝ 2 4 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎟⎠
x 4 3x 3 3x 3 9x 2
− − + =
4 8 8 16
x 4 6x 3 9x 2
− + =
4 8 16
x 4 3x 3 9x 2
− +
4 4 16
o)
2
⎛ 1 3y ⎞ ⎛ 1 3y ⎞ ⎛ 1 3y ⎞
⎜ + ⎟ =⎜ + ⎟.⎜ + ⎟=
⎝3 4 ⎠ ⎝3 4 ⎠⎝3 4 ⎠
1 3y 3y 9y 2
+ + + =
9 12 12 16
1 6y 9y 2
+ + =
9 12 16
1 y 9y 2
+ +
9 2 16
p) (2a – 5)2 = (2a – 5). (2a – 5) = 4a2 – 10a – 10a + 25 = 4a2 – 20a + 25
q) (2xy + 4)2 = (2xy + 4). (2xy + 4) = 4x2y2 + 8xy + 8yx + 16 = 4x2y2 + 16xy + 16
r)
2
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 3⎞⎛ 3⎞
⎜ 5 x − ⎟ = ⎜ 5 x − ⎟.⎜ 5 x − ⎟ =
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠⎝ 2⎠
15 x 15 x 9
25 x 2 − − + =
2 2 4
30 x 9
25 x 2 − + =
2 4
9
25 x 2 − 15 x +
4
s)
2
⎛x y⎞ ⎛x y⎞⎛x y⎞
⎜ + ⎟ = ⎜ + ⎟.⎜ + ⎟ =
⎝2 4⎠ ⎝2 4⎠⎝2 4⎠
x 2 xy xy y 2
+ + + =
4 8 8 16
x 2 2xy y 2
+ + =
4 8 16
x 2 xy y 2
+ +
4 4 16
t)
2
⎛ 5y ⎞ ⎛ 5y ⎞ ⎛ 5y ⎞
⎜ 3x − ⎟ = ⎜ 3x − ⎟.⎜ 3 x − ⎟=
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠
15 xy 15 xy 25 y 2
9x − 2
− + =
3 3 9
30 xy 25 y 2
9x − 2
+ =
3 9
25 y 2
9 x − 10 xy +
2
u)
⎛ x +1⎞
2
(x + 1) = (x + 1)(. x + 1) =
2
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ x +2⎠ (x + 2)2 (x + 2)(. x + 2)
x2 + x + x + 1 x 2 + 2x + 1
=
x 2 + 2x + 2x + 4 x 2 + 4 x + 4
Ou…
2
⎛ x +1⎞ ⎛ x +1⎞ ⎛ x +1⎞
⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟.⎜ ⎟=
⎝ x +2⎠ ⎝ x +2⎠⎝ x +2⎠
x2 + x + x + 1 x 2 + 2x + 1
=
x 2 + 2x + 2x + 4 x 2 + 4 x + 4
v)
2
⎛ x 2 + 1⎞ ⎛ x 2 + 1⎞ ⎛ x 2 + 1⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟.⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ =
⎝ x − 8 ⎠ ⎝ x − 8 ⎠⎝ x − 8 ⎠
x4 + x2 + x2 + 1 x 4 + 2x 2 + 1
=
x 2 − 8 x − 8 x + 64 x 2 − 16 x + 64
x)
2
⎛x −3⎞ ⎛ x −3⎞⎛ x −3⎞
⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟.⎜ ⎟=
⎝3−x⎠ ⎝3− x⎠⎝3− x⎠
x 2 − 3x − 3x + 9 x 2 − 6x + 9
=
9 − 3x − 3x − x 2 9 − 6x − x 2
(9x2 – 6x – 6x + 4).(x2 + 3x + 3x + 9) =
Adicionando ou subtraindo...
Relembrando que:
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(a + b). (a – b) = a2 – b2
a)
–x2
b)
y.(y + 2) – 2y.(3 – y) =
y2 + 2y – 6y + 2y2 =
3y2 – 4y
c)
a2 – 25 – a2 – 10a – 25 =
– 10a – 50
d)
4 + 4x + x2 – x2 + 4x – 4 =
8x