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2
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11
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k k!1, 4k#8, 5k#1 ,5 a9 " 3,000(1.02)
11
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a9 " 3,510
23
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9 , 21 45

9!x, 21!x, 45!x 1. 1

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"
9!x 21!x
2 a, x, b
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x b
2 2 "
441!42x!x " 405!54x!x a x
2
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x " 3
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3
36 37

2. k ( k k * 2) 26

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2 4 256
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1 4, x1, x2, 256
n#1
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3
(k!2)#1 a1r " 256
b " ar
3
4r " 256
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b " ar r " 64

k!1 b r " 4
r "
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2 16 64
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a

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4 5
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1 1. k
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r
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1
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38 39

27 28

#216 8 392 2 3
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r
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3
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r
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3

2 4
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r
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2
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2
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49
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7
1
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2
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r r
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12, #6, 3 3, #6, 12

40 41

1
11. 8, a, b, c, a!b#c
2

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1.
n#1
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(1) 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 , ... (2) , , , , , ...
3 6 12 24 3 2
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4
1 1 2 2 2 2
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8 2 5 10 2 5 2 10

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2 2 2 4 4 2

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1 1
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2 4
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4. # , , # , , ...
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1. -
3 4

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3
6. 3 6
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8. 1
3 2
1
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48
2 3
9. 1
15 10
1 4
10.
4 81
42 43

2!4!6!8
20

(d)
17, 14, 11, 8, 5 d " #3, a1 " 17, a5 " 5
17!14!11!8!5 d " #3, a1 " 17, a5 " 5
( 5 )
a1, a2, a3, ..., an a1, a2, a3, ..., an, ...
17 ! 14 ! 11 ! 8 ! 5
a1!a2!a3!...!an !
5 ! 8 ! 11 ! 14 ! 17
a1!a2!a3!...!an!...
22 ! 22 !22 ! 22 ! 22
22!22!22!22!22 " 5$22
5$22
17!14!11!8!5 " " 55
2
n
1. 1!3!5!...!33
Sn " a1!a2!a3!...!an#2!an#1!an an " a1!(n#1)d
1, 3, 5, ..., 33
Sn " a1!(a1!d)!(a1!2d)!...![a1!(n#3)d]![a1!(n#2)d]![a1!(n#1)d] .....(1)
1 1 1 1
2. ! ! !...! !...
2 3 4 n!1 (1) Sn n 1
1 1 1 1
, , , ..., , ... Sn " [a1!(n#1)d]![a1!(n#2)d]![a1!(n#3)d]!...!(a1!2d)!(a1!d)!a1 .....(2)
2 3 4 n!1
a1, a2, a3, ..., an a1!a2!a3!...!an (1)!(2)

S5 S5 " a1!a2!a3!a4!a5 Sn!Sn " {a1![a1!(n#1)d]}!{(a1!d)![a1!(n#2)d]}!{(a1!2d)![a1! (n#3)d]}!...

S6 !{[a1!(n#3)d)]!(a1!2d)}!{[a1!(n#2)d)]!(a1!d)}!{[a1!(n#1)d)]!a1}

S6 " a1!a2!a3!a4!a5!a6 2Sn " {2a1!(n#1)d}!{2a1!d!nd#2d}!{2a1!2d!nd#3d}!...!{2a1!nd#3d!2d}

n Sn !{2a1!nd#2d!d}!{2a1!(n#1)d}

Sn " a1!a2!a3!...!an 2Sn " {2a1!(n#1)d}!{2a1!(n#1)d}!{2a1!(n#1)d}!...!{2a1!(n#1)d}

S1 " a1 !{2a1!(n#1)d} !{2a1!(n#1)d}

S2 " a1!a2 2Sn " n{2a1!(n#1)d}

S3 " a1!a2!a3
n
Sn " [2a1!(n#1)d] .....( 1)
...

2
Sn " a1!a2!a3!...!an
44 45

1 an " a1!(n#1)d 1 2

n
Sn " [2a1!(n#1)d]
2
5 9 19 35
n
Sn " {a ![a1!(n#1)d]}
2 1

a5 " 19 a9 " 35
n
Sn " [a !a ] .....( 2)
2 1 n an " a1!(n#1)d

a5 " a1!(5#1)d
1
19 " a1!4d .....(1)

a9 " a1!(9#1)d
a1 " 2 d"5
35 " a1!8d .....(2)
n
1 Sn " [2a1!(n#1)d]
2 (2)#(1) ; 16 " 4d
8
S8 " [2(2)!(8#1)(5)] d " 4
2
S8 " 4[4!35] d"4 (1)

S8 " 156 19 " a1!4(4)

n a1 " 3
2 Sn " [a !a ]
2 1 n
a8 " a1!7d a20 " a1!19d

a20 " 3!19(4)

a8 " 2!7(5)
a20 " 79
a8 " 37
20
8 S20 " [a !a ]
S8 " [a !a ] 2 1 20
2 1 8
S20 " 10[3!79]
S8 " 4[2!37]
S20 " 820
S8 " 156
46 47

3 5

9 251 n Sn 4!1!(#2)!... #150

9!11!13!...!251 a1 " 9 d"2 Sn " #150
n
an " a1!(n#1)d [2a1!(n#1)d] " #150
2
251 " 9!(n#1)(2) n
[(2$4)!(n#1)(#3)] " #150
2
251 " 9!2n#2 n(8#3n!3) " #300
251 " 2n!7 2
#3n !11n " #300
251#7 2
n " " 122 #3n !11n!300 " 0
2
2
n 3n #11n#300 " 0
Sn " [a !a ]
2 1 n
(3n!25)(n#12) " 0
122
S122 " [9!251] 25
2 n " # , 12
3
S122 " 15,860
n n
9 251 15,860
n " 12

4
6

#121 1,010 4
32.5
#121 1,010 4 #120, #116, #112, ..., 1,008
945 n
a1 " #120 d"4 n
Sn " [2a1!(n#1)d]
an " a1!(n#1)d 2
10
1,008 " #120!(n#1)(4) S10 " 32.5 [2a1!9d] " 32.5
2
1,128 " 4(n#1) 2a1!9d " 6.5 .....(1)
282 " n#1 60
S60 " 945 [2a1!59d] " 945
n " 283 2
2a1!59d " 31.5 .....(2)
#121 1,010 4
(2)#(1) ; 50d " 25 .....(3)
n
Sn " [a !a ] 1
2 1 n d "
2
283
S283 " [#120!1,008] 1
2 (1) ; 2a1!9 " 6.5
2
S283 " 125,652
2a1!4.5 " 6.5
#121 1,010 4
a1 " 1
125,625
48 49

8
n
Sn " [2a1!(n#1)d]
2

n 1 130 1,300 4 25
Sn " (2$1)!(n#1)
2 2
4 25 4
n
Sn " (4!n#1) 25 4 25
4
n(n!3) 130 1,300 4 132, 136, 140, ..., 1,296
Sn "
4 an " a1!(n#1)d
130 1,300
1,296 " 132!(n#1)(4)
130 1,300
7 1,164 " 4(n#1)
130 1,300
291 " n#1
38 4 n 200 n " 292
n 130 1,300 4 292
an " 38 d"4 n
Sn " [a !a ]
2 1 n
an " a1!(n#1)d
292
38 " a1!(n#1)(4) 4 " [132!1,296] " 208,488
2
38 " a1!4n#4 130 1,300 25 150, 175, 200, ..., 1,275

a1!4n " 42 .....(1) an " a1!(n#1)d

Sn " 200 1,275 " 150!(n#1)(25)

n 1,125 " 25(n#1)
[2a1!(n#1)d] " 200
2
n 45 " n#1
[2a1!(n#1)(4)] " 200
2
n " 46
n(2a1!4n#4) " 400 .....(2)
130 1,300 25 46
(1) ; a1 " 42#4n .....(3)
n
Sn " [a !a ]
(3) (2) ; n[2(42#4n)!4n#4] " 400 2 1 n
n(84#8n!4n#4) " 400 46
25 " [150!1,275] " 32,775
2
n(#4n!80) " 400
2
4 25 . . . 4 25
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2
100 200, 300, ..., 1,200
#4n !80n#400 " 0
2
an " a1!(n#1)d
#4 n #20n!100 " 0
2
1,200 " 200!(n#1)(100)
(n#10) " 0
1,000 " 100(n#1)
n " 10
10 " n#1
n " 10 (3) a1 " 42#4(10) " 2
n " 11
a1 " 2 n " 10
130 1,300 4 25 11
50 51

n
Sn " [a !a ]
2 1 n
11
100 " [200!1,200]
2
1.
" 7,700
n
Sn " [a !a ]
130 1,300 4 25 2 1 n
(1) 2!6!10!14!... (2) (#37)!(#34)!(#31)!(#28)!...
" 208,488!32,775#7,700
n
2. Sn " [2a1!(n#1)d]
" 233,563 2
(1) 1!5!9!13!...!137 (2) (#3)!(#5)!(#7)!(#9)!...!(#99)

3. a1 d
9
(1) a1 " 5 d"2 (2) a1 " #8 d " #5

4. a9 " 25 a10 " 28

4,800 250
5. 100 400
12
6. 77 3

a1!a12
4,800 5,050 5,300 5,550 ...
7. n Sn 2!6!10!... 288
12
8. 45
S12 " 4,800!5,050!5,300!5,550!...!a12
115
a1 " 4,800, d " 250 n " 12
9. 60 250 6 8
n
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2 10.
12
S12 " [2(4,800)!(12#1)(250)]
2
50,000
S12 " 6(9,600!2,750)
10 55,000 60,000
S12 " 6(12,350)
10
S12 " 74,100

12 74,100
52 53

n
a1(1#r )
Sn "
1#r
n
a1#a1r
Sn "
(r) 1#r
n#1
1 1 a1#(a1r )r
, 1, 2, 4, 8 r " 2, a1 " ,a "8 Sn "
2 2 5 1#r
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r)1 Sn " .....( 5)
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n
r (1) 3 4 5
2 3 n#1 n
rSn " a1r!a1r !a1r !...!a1r !a1r .....(2)
n
(2)#(1) rSn#Sn " a1r #a1
n
(r#1)Sn " a1(r #1) 10
n
a1(r #1)
r)1 Sn " .....( 3)
r#1
4#n 1 n#2
(1) 8!4!2!1!..!2 !... (2) !1!2!4!...!2 !...
r"1 (1) Sn " a1!a1(1)!a1(1)!...!a1(1) n 2
1
(1) a1 " 8 r"
2
n
r"1 Sn " na1 a1(1#r )
Sn "
1#r
10
a1(1#r )
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n
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r#1 1
8 1#
n 2
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n
2
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8 1#
2
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n S10 "
1
r)1 Sn " .....( 4)
1#r 2
54 55

11
10
1
S10 " 16 1#
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1
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n 1 1
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r#1

n " 6
56 57

12 13

a1, a2, a3, ... a4 " 32 a7 " #256 Sn n 3 S6#S4 " 2,916
8
n
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3
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7
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n
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Sn "
r#1

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8 3,069 2 8
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a1 " 3
n#1
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7
a8 " 3(2)
a8 " 384
58 59

15
8. Sn n #3

1 3 9 S7#S5 " #1,458 4

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1!3!9!27!...!a8 a1 " 1 r"3
9
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2
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8 3,280

1.

2.

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(2) a1!a2!a3!...!an Sn
1.
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3 9 27 81
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2.

1 1 1 1 (4) a2 " 9, a4 " 15 a4 " a2!2d 15 " 9!2d d " #3

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2 4 8 256
(5)
3. 2 20 5 2,500 S7
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9
1 2 4 8 2 1 3 9 11 3
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9
60 61

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46,371.39 # 42,000

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(S)
1 P Pr P!Pr " P(1!r) 4,371.39
2
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2 2 2 2 3
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n
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62 63

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2

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5 21,234.82
64 65

1.4%

10,000 3 4 20,000
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66 67

2,000 1 1.8%

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6 2,000(1.018)! 2,000(1.018) !2,000(1.018) !...!2,000(1.018)

6 2,000(1.018) 1.018 1.
n
a1(r #1) 2.
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6 12,779.09
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n Sn " "
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n
P(1!r)[(1!r) #1]
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68 69

2. 7
P
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n P 1!r P 500
n n
P[(1!r) #1] P[(1!r) #1] n 4$12 " 48
n Sn " "
(1!r)#1 r 2
i 1 ! 0.17
12
i 0.17
n r " " " 0.0017
P[(1!r) #1] 100 100
Sn "
r n
P[(1!r) #1]
Sn "
r
48
500[(1!0.0017) #1]
6 S48 "
0.0017

S48 ! 24,984.28
500 4 2%

4 4 24,984.28

P 500

n 4$12 " 48
2
i 1 ! 0.17 6 7
12
n
i 0.17
r " " " 0.0017
100 100
n
P(1!r)[(1!r) #1]
Sn "
r
48
500(1!0.0017)[(1!0.0017) #1]
S48 "
0.0017

S48 ! 25,026.75

4 25,026.75
70 71

60,000 6,000

5 1.8%
1. 200,000

1.5% 6
P

n 5$12 " 60
2. 600 4
1.8
i 1 " 0.15
12
1.2% 4
i 0.15
r " " " 0.0015
100 100

6,000 54,000 3. 1 100,000

5 60 2% 7
#1 #2 #3 #60
1, 2, 3, ..., 60 P(1.0015) , P(1.0015) , P(1.0015) , ..., P(1.0015)
4. 3 1.4% 4
60
42,000
#1 #2 #3 #60
P(1.0015) !P(1.0015) !P(1.0015) !...!P(1.0015)
5. 150,000 0.5%
#1
60 P(1.0015)
#1 48
(1.0015)
#1 #60
P(1.0015) [1#(1.0015) ]
60 #1
1#(1.0015)
6. 40,000 4,000
54,000
0.8 5
#1 #60
P(1.0015) [1#(1.0015) ]
54,000 " #1
1#(1.0015)
7. 500,000 100,000
#1 #60
80.8787 ! P(1.0015) [1#(1.0015) ]
2% 72
80.8787 ! 0.0859P

P ! 941.54

941.54
72 73

1.

2.

1:

2:

3. 1 2

1. PVC
2. PVC
3.

1. 4 5 -
2. PVC

3. PVC
74 75

Knowledge K

n
{1, 2, 3, …, n} {1, 2, 3, …, n, ...} S " P(1!r) S
P
r
n

n!1 n
n (Sn)
Sn " n $2a1!(n#1)d%
2
d #mn
Sn " n (a1!an) P " S 1!
r
S
2 m
P
n
an " a1!(n#1)d
m
n i
(Sn) i
r "
Sn " na1 r"1 100

n
a1(1#r )
n!1 Sn " r ,1
1#r
n n
a1(r #1)
Sn " r (1
r#1 1.
r
n
P(1!r)[(1!r) #1]
Sn " S n
r
P
n–1 i
an " a1r Attribute A r i% r "
100
n
1.

Process P
2.
n
P[(1!r) #1]
2. Sn " S n
r
1.
P
2. 3. i
r i% r "
100
3. n
76

n!1
(#2) n
1. n an "
25#3n n

(1) (2) a7#a6

2. a7 " 1 a3 " 13 9

3.

3 61 379

4. 147, #21, 3, ... 7

5. x#1, x!1, 2x!5 x

6. 3!8!13!...

7. 255

1 3

20 19

18

8. 128!(#64)!32!...

9. 0.5 10 256

10. 1.4% 3

4 40,000