Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor Pt.

1910

(d ) L oca t ion of sa m p le Coop era t iv e 1910.12 Co n s t r u c t i o n w o r k .

A greem en t . A s a m p l e A g r e e m e n t i s 1910.15 S h i p y a r d e m p l o y m e n t .
a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n a t a l l R e g i o n a l 1910.16 L o n g s h o r i n g a n d m a r i n e t e r m i n a l s .
Offi c e s o f t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d 1910.17 E ffe c t i v e d a t e s .
1910.18 Ch a n g e s in est a blish ed F eder a l
H e a l t h A d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e U .S . D e - st a n da r ds.
pa r t m en t of L a bor . 1910.19 S p e c i a l p r o v i s i o n s fo r a i r c o n t a m i -
(e ) A ct ion u p on requ est s. T h e S t a t e n a n t s.
w i l l b e n o t i fi e d w i t h i n a r e a s o n a b l e p e -
r iod of t im e of a n y decision con cer n in g Subpart C [Reserved]
i t s r e q u e s t fo r a Co o p e r a t i v e A g r e e -
m en t . If a r equ est is den ied, t h e S t a t e Subpart D—Walking-Working Surfaces
w i l l b e i n fo r m e d i n w r i t i n g o f t h e r e a - 1910.21 D e fi n i t i o n s .
s o n s s u p p o r t i n g t h e d e c i s i o n . I f a Co o p - 1910.22 G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s .
er a t ive Agr eem en t is n egot ia t ed, t h e 1910.23 G u a r d i n g fl o o r a n d w a l l o p e n i n g s
i n i t i a l fi n d i n g w i l l s p e c i fy t h e p e r i o d a n d h oles.
fo r t h e A g r e e m e n t . A d d i t i o n a l fu n d s 1910.24 F i x e d i n d u s t r i a l s t a i r s .
m a y be a dded a t a la t er t im e pr ovided 1910.25 P o r t a b l e w o o d l a d d e r s .
t h e a c t i v i t y i s s a t i s fa c t o r i l y c a r r i e d 1910.26 P o r t a b l e m e t a l l a d d e r s .
ou t a n d a ppr opr ia t ion s a r e a va ila ble. 1910.27 F i x e d l a d d e r s .
T h e S t a t e m a y a lso be r equ ir ed t o 1910.28 S a fe t y r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r s c a ffo l d i n g .
1910.29 M a n u a l l y p r o p e l l e d m o b i l e l a d d e r
a m e n d t h e A g r e e m e n t fo r c o n t i n u e d
s t a n d s a n d s c a ffo l d s (t o w e r s ).
su ppor t . 1910.30 Ot h e r w o r k i n g s u r fa c e s .
(f) T erm in a t ion . E i t h e r p a r t y m a y t e r -
m i n a t e a Co o p e r a t i v e A g r e e m e n t u n d e r Subpart E—Means of Egress
t h i s p a r t u p o n 30 d a y s ’ w r i t t e n n o t i c e
t o t h e ot h er pa r t y . 1910.33 T a b l e o f c o n t e n t s .
1910.34 Co v e r a g e a n d d e fi n i t i o n s .
(A p p r o v e d b y t h e Offi c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d 1910.35 Co m p l i a n c e w i t h N F P A 101–2000, L i fe
B u d g e t u n d e r c o n t r o l n u m b e r 1218–0110) S a fe t y Co d e .
[49 F R 25094, J u n e 19, 1984, a s a m e n d e d a t 54 1910.36 D e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e -
F R 24333, J u n e 7, 1989] m e n t s fo r e x i t r o u t e s .
1910.37 M a i n t e n a n c e , s a fe g u a r d s , a n d o p e r -
§ 1908.11 Exclusions. a t i o n a l fe a t u r e s fo r e x i t r o u t e s .
1910.38 E m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n s .
A Co o p e r a t i v e A g r e e m e n t u n d e r t h i s 1910.39 F i r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n s .
pa r t will n ot r est r ict in a n y m a n n er A P P E N D I X T O S U B P A R T E —E X I T R OU T E S ,
t h e a u t h or it y a n d r espon sibilit y of t h e E M E R G E N CY A CT I ON P L A N S , A N D F I R E P R E -
A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y u n d e r s e c t i o n s 8, 9, V E N T I ON P L A N S
10, 13, a n d 17 o f t h e A c t , o r a n y c o r -
r espon din g S t a t e a u t h or it y . Subpart F—Powered Platforms, Manlifts,
and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms
PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL 1910.66 P o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s fo r bu ildin g
SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS m a in t en a n ce.
1910.67 V e h i c l e -m o u n t e d e l e v a t i n g a n d r o -
Subpart A—General t a t i n g w o r k p l a t fo r m s .
1910.68 M a n l i ft s .
S ec.
1910.1 P u r p o s e a n d s c o p e . Subpart G—Occupational Health and
1910.2 D e fi n i t i o n s . Environmental Control
1910.3 P e t i t i o n s fo r t h e i s s u a n c e , a m e n d -
m en t , or r epea l of a st a n da r d. 1910.94 Ven t ila t ion .
1910.4 A m e n d m e n t s t o t h i s p a r t . 1910.95 Oc c u p a t i o n a l n o i s e e x p o s u r e .
1910.5 A p p l i c a b i l i t y o f s t a n d a r d s . 1910.97 N o n i o n i zi n g r a d i a t i o n .
1910.6 I n c o r p o r a t i o n b y r e fe r e n c e . 1910.98 E ffe c t i v e d a t e s .
1910.7 D e fi n i t i o n a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a n a -
t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y . Subpart H—Hazardous Materials
1910.8 OM B c o n t r o l n u m b e r s u n d e r t h e P a -
per wor k R edu ct ion Act . 1910.101 Co m p r e s s e d g a s e s (g e n e r a l r e q u i r e -
m e n t s ).
Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of 1910.102 A c e t y l e n e .
Established Federal Standards 1910.103 H y d r o g e n .
1910.104 Ox y g e n .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

1910.11 S cope a n d pu r pose. 1910.105 N i t r o u s o x i d e .

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 Pt. 1910 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
1910.106 F l a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s t i b l e l i q - 1910.156 F i r e b r i g a d e s .
u ids.
1910.107 S p r a y fi n i s h i n g u s i n g fl a m m a b l e P OR T A B L E F I R E S U P P R E S S I ON E QU I P M E N T
a n d com bu st ible m a t er ia ls. 1910.157 P o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s .
1910.108 [R e s e r v e d ] 1910.158 S t a n dpipe a n d h ose sy st em s.
1910.109 E x p l o s i v e s a n d b l a s t i n g a g e n t s .
1910.110 S t o r a g e a n d h a n d l i n g o f l i q u i fi e d F I X E D F I R E S U P P R E S S I ON E QU I P M E N T
pet r oleu m ga ses.
1910.111 S t o r a g e a n d h a n d l i n g o f a n h y d r o u s 1910.159 A u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m s .
a m m on ia . 1910.160 F i x e d e x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e m s , g e n -
1910.112–1910.113 [R e s e r v e d ] er a l.
1910.119 P r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t o f h i g h - 1910.161 F i x e d e x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e m s , d r y
l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s . ch em ica l.
1910.120 H a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s a n d 1910.162 F i x e d e x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e m s , g a s -
em er gen cy r espon se. eou s a gen t .
1910.121 [R e s e r v e d ] 1910.163 F i x e d e x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e m s , w a t e r
s p r a y a n d fo a m .
D I P P I N G A N D C OA T I N G O P E R A T I ON S
O T H E R F I R E P R OT E CT I ON S Y S T E M S
1910.122 T a b l e o f c o n t e n t s .
1910.123 D i p p i n g a n d c o a t i n g o p e r a t i o n s : 1910.164 F i r e d e t e c t i o n s y s t e m s .
Co v e r a g e a n d d e fi n i t i o n s . 1910.165 E m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m s .
1910.124 G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r d i p p i n g A P P E N D I CE S T O S U B P A R T L OF P A R T 1910—
a n d coa t in g oper a t ion s. N OT E
1910.125 A d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r d i p p i n g A P P E N D I X A T O S U B P A R T L —F I R E P R OT E CT I ON
a n d c o a t i n g o p e r a t i o n s t h a t u s e fl a m - A P P E N D I X B T O S U B P A R T L —N A T I ON A L C ON -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids. S E NS US S T ANDAR DS
1910.126 A d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r s p e c i a l A P P E N D I X C T O S U B P A R T L —F I R E P R OT E CT I ON
dippin g a n d coa t in g oper a t ion s. R E F E R E N CE S F OR F U R T H E R I N F OR M A T I ON
A P P E N D I X D T O S U B P A R T L —A V A I L A B I L I T Y OF
Subpart I—Personal Protective Equipment P U B L I CA T I ON S I N COR P OR A T E D B Y R E F -
E R E N CE I N S E CT I ON 1910.156 F I R E B R I G A D E S
1910.132 G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s . A P P E N D I X E T O S U B P A R T L —T E S T M E T H OD S
1910.133 E y e a n d fa c e p r o t e c t i o n . F OR P R OT E CT I V E C L OT H I N G
1910.134 R e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i o n .
1910.135 H e a d p r o t e c t i o n . Subpart M—Compressed Gas and
1910.136 F o o t p r o t e c t i o n .
1910.137 E l e c t r i c a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t . Compressed Air Equipment
1910.138 H a n d p r o t e c t i o n . 1910.166–1910.168 [R e s e r v e d ]
A P P E N D I X A T O S U B P A R T I —R E F E R E N CE S F OR 1910.169 A i r r e c e i v e r s .
F U R T H E R I N F OR M A T I ON (N ON - M A N D A T OR Y )
A P P E N D I X B T O S U B P A R T I —N ON - M A N D A T OR Y Subpart N—Materials Handling and
C OM P L I A N CE G U I D E L I N E S F OR H A Z A R D A S - Storage
S E S S ME NT AND P E R S ON A L P R OT E CT I V E
E QU I P M E N T S E L E CT I ON 1910.176 H a n d l i n g m a t e r i a l s —g e n e r a l .
1910.177 S e r v i c i n g m u l t i -p i e c e a n d s i n g l e
Subpart J—General Environmental Controls piece r im wh eels.
1910.178 P o w e r e d i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s .
1910.141 S a n i t a t i o n . 1910.179 Ov e r h e a d a n d g a n t r y c r a n e s .
1910.142 T e m p o r a r y l a b o r c a m p s . 1910.180 Cr a w l e r locom ot ive and t r u ck
1910.143 N o n w a t e r c a r r i a g e d i s p o s a l s y s - cr a n es.
t e m s . [R e s e r v e d ] 1910.181 D e r r i c k s .
1910.144 S a fe t y c o l o r c o d e fo r m a r k i n g p h y s - 1910.183 H e l i c o p t e r s .
i c a l h a za r d s . 1910.184 S l i n g s .
1910.145 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r a c c i d e n t p r e v e n -
t ion sign s a n d t a gs.
Subpart O—Machinery and Machine
1910.146 P e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e s .
1910.147 T h e c o n t r o l o f h a za r d o u s e n e r g y Guarding
(l o c k o u t /t a g o u t ). 1910.211 D e fi n i t i o n s .
1910.212 G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a l l m a -
Subpart K—Medical and First Aid ch in es.
1910.151 M e d i c a l s e r v i c e s a n d fi r s t a i d . 1910.213 Wo o d w o r k i n g m a c h i n e r y r e q u i r e -
1910.152 [R e s e r v e d ] m en t s.
1910.214 Co o p e r a g e m a c h i n e r y . [R e s e r v e d ]
Subpart L—Fire Protection 1910.215 A b r a s i v e w h e e l m a c h i n e r y .
1910.216 M i l l s a n d c a l e n d e r s i n t h e r u b b e r
1910.155 S c o p e , a p p l i c a t i o n a n d d e fi n i t i o n s a n d pla st ics in du st r ies.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

a pplica ble t o t h is su bpa r t . 1910.217 M e c h a n i c a l p o w e r p r e s s e s .

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor Pt. 1910
1910.218 F o r g i n g m a c h i n e s . S A F E T Y R E QU I R E M E N T S F OR S P E CI A L
1910.219 M e c h a n i c a l p o w e r -t r a n s m i s s i o n a p - E QU I P M E N T
pa r a t u s.
1910.381–1910.398 [R e s e r v e d ]
Subpart P—Hand and Portable Powered D E F I N I T I ON S
Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment
1910.399 D e fi n i t i o n s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h i s s u b -
1910.241 D e fi n i t i o n s . pa r t .
1910.242 H a n d a n d p o r t a b l e p o w e r e d t o o l s A P P E N D I X A T O S U B P A R T S —R E F E R E N CE D OC -
a n d equ ipm en t , gen er a l. UME NT S
1910.243 G u a r d i n g o f p o r t a b l e p o w e r e d t o o l s . A P P E N D I X B T O S U B P A R T S —E X P L A N A T OR Y
1910.244 Ot h e r p o r t a b l e t o o l s a n d e q u i p - D A T A [R E S E R V E D ]
m en t . A P P E N D I X C T O S U B P A R T S —T A B L E S , N OT E S ,
A N D C H A R T S [R E S E R V E D ]
Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting and Brazing
Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations
1910.251 D e fi n i t i o n s .
1910.252 Gen er a l r equ ir em en t s. GE NE R AL
1910.253 Ox y g e n -fu e l g a s w e l d i n g a n d c u t - 1910.401 S cope a n d a pplica t ion .
t in g. 1910.402 D e fi n i t i o n s .
1910.254 Ar c weldin g a n d cu t t in g.
1910.255 R esist a n ce weldin g. P E R S ON N E L R E QU I R E M E N T S

Subpart R—Special Industries 1910.410 Qu a l i fi c a t i o n s o f d i v e t e a m .

G E N E R A L O P E R A T I ON S P R OCE D U R E S
1910.261 P u l p , p a p e r , a n d p a p e r b o a r d m i l l s .
1910.262 T e x t i l e s . 1910.420 S a fe p r a c t i c e s m a n u a l .
1910.263 B a k e r y e q u i p m e n t . 1910.421 P r e -d i v e p r o c e d u r e s .
1910.264 L a u n d r y m a c h i n e r y a n d o p e r a t i o n s . 1910.422 P r ocedu r es du r in g dive.
1910.265 S a w m i l l s . 1910.423 P o s t -d i v e p r o c e d u r e s .
1910.266 L o g g i n g o p e r a t i o n s .
1910.268 T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s . S P E CI F I C O P E R A T I ON S P R OCE D U R E S
1910.269 E l e c t r i c p o w e r g e n e r a t i o n , t r a n s - 1910.424 S CU B A d i v i n g .
m ission , a n d dist r ibu t ion . 1910.425 S u r fa c e -s u p p l i e d a i r d i v i n g .
1910.272 G r a i n h a n d l i n g fa c i l i t i e s . 1910.426 M i x e d -g a s d i v i n g .
1910.427 L i v e b o a t i n g .
Subpart S—Electrical
E QU I P M E N T P R OCE D U R E S A N D R E QU I R E M E N T S
GE NE R AL
1910.430 E qu ipm en t .
1910.301 In t r odu ct ion .
R E COR D K E E P I N G
D E S I G N S A F E T Y S T A N D A R D S F OR E L E CT R I CA L
S YS T E MS 1910.440 R e c o r d k e e p i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s .
A P P E N D I X A T O S U B P A R T T OF P A R T 1910—E X -
1910.302 E l e c t r i c u t i l i za t i o n s y s t e m s . A M P L E S OF C ON D I T I ON S W H I CH M A Y R E -
1910.303 G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s . S T R I CT OR L IMIT E X P OS U R E TO
1910.304 Wi r i n g d e s i g n a n d p r o t e c t i o n . H Y P E R B A R I C C ON D I T I ON S
1910.305 Wi r i n g m e t h o d s , c o m p o n e n t s , a n d A P P E N D I X B T O S U B P A R T T OF P A R T 1910—
e q u i p m e n t fo r g e n e r a l u s e . G U I D E L I N E S F OR S CI E N T I F I C D I V I N G
1910.306 S p e c i fi c p u r p o s e e q u i p m e n t a n d i n - A P P E N D I X C T O S U B P A R T T OF P A R T 1910—A L -
st a lla t ion s. T E R NAT IVE C ON D I T I ON S UNDE R
1910.307 H a za r d o u s (c l a s s i fi e d ) l o c a t i o n s . § 1910.401(a )(3) F OR R E CR E A T I ON A L D I V I N G
1910.308 S p e c i a l s y s t e m s . I N S T R U CT OR S A N D D I V I N G G U I D E S (M A N D A -
1910.309–1910.330 [R e s e r v e d ] T OR Y )

S A F E T Y -R E L A T E D W OR K P R A CT I CE S
Subparts U–Y [Reserved]
1910.331 S c o p e .
1910.332 T r a i n i n g . 1910.901–1910.999 [R e s e r v e d ]
1910.333 S e l e c t i o n a n d u s e o f w o r k p r a c t i c e s . S OU R CE : 39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, u n l e s s
1910.334 U s e o f e q u i p m e n t . ot h er wise n ot ed.
1910.335 S a fe g u a r d s fo r p e r s o n n e l p r o t e c -
t ion .
1910.336–1910.360 [R e s e r v e d ] Subpart A—General
S A F E T Y -R E L A T E D M A I N T E N A N CE
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c t i o n s 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u -
R E QU I R E M E N T S
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

1910.361–1910.380 [R e s e r v e d ] U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s

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 § 1910.1
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–
96 (62 F R 111), 3–2000 (65 F R 50017), a n d 5–2002
(67 F R 65008), a s a p p l i c a b l e .
S e c t i o n s 1910.7 a n d 1910.8 a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r
29 CF R p a r t 1911. S e c t i o n 1910.7(f) a l s o i s s u e d
u n d e r 31 U .S .C. 9701, 29 U .S .C. 9 a , 5 U .S .C.
553; P u b l i c L a w 106–113 (113 S t a t . 1501A –222);
a n d OM B Ci r c u l a r A –25 (d a t e d J u l y 8, 1993)
(58 F R 38142, J u l y 15, 1993).
E F F E CT I V E D A T E N OT E : A t 72 F R 7190, F e b -
r u a r y 14, 2007, t h e a u t h o r i t y c i t a t i o n fo r S u b -
p a r t A w a s r e v i s e d , e ffe c t i v e A u g . 13, 2007.
F or t h e con ven ien ce of t h e u ser , t h e r evised
t e x t i s s e t fo r t h a s fo l l o w s :
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c t i o n s 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u -
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–
96 (62 F R 111), 3–2000 (65 F R 50017), o r 5–2002
(67 F R 65008), a s a p p l i c a b l e .
S e c t i o n s 1910.6, 1910.7, a n d 1910.8 a l s o i s s u e d
u n d e r 29 CF R p a r t 1911. S e c t i o n 1910.7(f) a l s o
i s s u e d u n d e r 31 U .S .C. 9701, 29 U .S .C. 9 a , 5
U .S .C. 553; P u b l i c L a w 106–113 (113 S t a t .
1501A –222); a n d OM B Ci r c u l a r A –25 (d a t e d
J u l y 8, 1993) (58 F R 38142, J u l y 15, 1993).
§ 1910.1 Purpose and scope.
(a ) S e c t i o n 6(a ) o f t h e Wi l l i a m s -
S t eiger Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y and
H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (84 S t a t . 1593) p r o -
v i d e s t h a t ‘‘w i t h o u t r e g a r d t o c h a p t e r 5
o f t i t l e 5, U n i t e d S t a t e s Co d e , o r t o t h e
ot h er su bsect ion s of t h is sect ion , t h e
S ecr et a r y sh a ll, a s soon a s pr a ct ica ble
du r in g t h e per iod begin n in g wit h t h e
e ffe c t i v e d a t e o f t h i s A c t a n d e n d i n g 2
y e a r s a ft e r s u c h d a t e , b y r u l e p r o m u l -
g a t e a s a n o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y o r
h ea lt h st a n da r d a n y n a t ion a l con -
sen su s st a n da r d, a n d a n y est a blish ed
F eder a l st a n da r d, u n less h e det er m in es
t h a t t h e pr om u lga t ion of su ch a st a n d-
a r d w o u l d n o t r e s u l t i n i m p r o v e d s a fe t y
o r h e a l t h fo r s p e c i fi c a l l y d e s i g n a t e d
e m p l o y e e s .’’ T h e l e g i s l a t i v e p u r p o s e o f
t h is pr ovision is t o est a blish , a s r a pidly
a s possible a n d wit h ou t r ega r d t o t h e
r u l e -m a k i n g p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e A d m i n i s -
t r a t ive P r ocedu r e Act , st a n da r ds wit h
w h i c h i n d u s t r i e s a r e g e n e r a l l y fa m i l -
ia r , a n d on wh ose a dopt ion in t er est ed
a n d a ffe c t e d p e r s o n s h a v e a l r e a d y h a d
a n oppor t u n it y t o expr ess t h eir views.
S u c h s t a n d a r d s a r e e i t h e r (1) n a t i o n a l
con cen su s st a n da r ds on wh ose a dopt ion
a ffe c t e d p e r s o n s h a v e r e a c h e d s u b s t a n -
t i a l a g r e e m e n t , o r (2) F e d e r a l s t a n d -
a r ds a lr ea dy est a blish ed by F eder a l
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
st a t u t es or r egu la t ion s.
90
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(b ) T h i s p a r t c a r r i e s o u t t h e d i r e c t i v e
t o t h e S ecr et a r y of L a bor u n der sect ion
6(a ) o f t h e A c t . I t c o n t a i n s o c c u p a -
t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s t a n d a r d s
w h i c h h a v e b e e n fo u n d t o b e n a t i o n a l
con sen su s st a n da r ds or est a blish ed
F eder a l st a n da r ds.
§ 1910.2 Definitions.
As u sed in t h is pa r t , u n less t h e con -
t ext clea r ly r equ ir es ot h er wise:
(a ) A ct m e a n s t h e Wi l l i a m s -S t e i g e r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f
1970 (84 S t a t . 1590).
(b ) A ssist a n t S ecret a ry of L a bor m e a n s
t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h ;
(c ) E m p loy er m e a n s a p e r s o n e n g a g e d
i n a b u s i n e s s a ffe c t i n g c o m m e r c e w h o
h a s em ploy ees, bu t does n ot in clu de
t h e Un it ed S t a t es or a n y S t a t e or po-
lit ica l su bdivision of a S t a t e;
(d ) E m p loy ee m e a n s a n e m p l o y e e o f a n
em ploy er wh o is em ploy ed in a bu si-
n e s s o f h i s e m p l o y e r w h i c h a ffe c t s c o m -
m er ce;
(e ) Com m erce m e a n s t r a d e , t r a ffi c ,
com m er ce, t r a n spor t a t ion , or com m u -
n ica t ion a m on g t h e sever a l S t a t es, or
bet ween a S t a t e a n d a n y pla ce ou t side
t h e r e o f, o r w i t h i n t h e D i s t r i c t o f Co -
lu m bia , or a possession of t h e Un it ed
S t a t e s (o t h e r t h a n t h e T r u s t T e r r i t o r y
o f t h e P a c i fi c I s l a n d s ), o r b e t w e e n
poin t s in t h e sa m e S t a t e bu t t h r ou gh a
p o i n t o u t s i d e t h e r e o f;
(f) S t a n d a rd m e a n s a s t a n d a r d w h i c h
r equ ir es con dit ion s, or t h e a dopt ion or
u se of on e or m or e pr a ct ices, m ea n s,
m et h ods, oper a t ion s, or pr ocesses, r ea -
son a bly n ecessa r y or a ppr opr ia t e t o
p r o v i d e s a fe o r h e a l t h fu l e m p l o y m e n t
a n d pla ces of em ploy m en t ;
(g ) N a t ion a l con sen su s st a n d a rd m e a n s
a n y s t a n d a r d o r m o d i fi c a t i o n t h e r e o f
w h i c h (1) h a s b e e n a d o p t e d a n d p r o m u l -
g a t e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d s t a n d -
a r d s -p r o d u c i n g o r g a n i za t i o n u n d e r p r o -
cedu r es wh er eby it ca n be det er m in ed
by t h e S ecr et a r y of L a bor or by t h e As-
sist a n t S ecr et a r y of L a bor t h a t per son s
i n t e r e s t e d a n d a ffe c t e d b y t h e s c o p e o r
pr ovision s of t h e st a n da r d h a ve r ea ch ed
su bst a n t ia l a gr eem en t on it s a dopt ion ,
(2) w a s fo r m u l a t e d i n a m a n n e r w h i c h
a ffo r d e d a n o p p o r t u n i t y fo r d i v e r s e
v i e w s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d , a n d (3) h a s b e e n
design a t ed a s su ch a st a n da r d by t h e
S ecr et a r y or t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y ,
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
a ft e r c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h o t h e r a p p r o -
pr ia t e F eder a l a gen cies; a n d
(h ) E st a blish ed F ed era l st a n d a rd m e a n s
a n y oper a t ive st a n da r d est a blish ed by
a n y a gen cy of t h e Un it ed S t a t es a n d in
e ffe c t o n A p r i l 28, 1971, o r c o n t a i n e d i n
a n y A c t o f Co n g r e s s i n fo r c e o n t h e
d a t e o f e n a c t m e n t o f t h e Wi l l i a m s -
S t eiger Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y and
Hea lt h Act .
§ 1910.3 Petitions for the issuance,
amendment, or repeal of a stand-
ard.
(a ) A n y i n t e r e s t e d p e r s o n m a y p e t i -
t ion in wr it in g t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y
o f L a b o r t o p r o m u l g a t e , m o d i fy , o r r e -
vok e a st a n da r d. T h e pet it ion sh ou ld
s e t fo r t h t h e t e r m s o r t h e s u b s t a n c e o f
t h e r u l e d e s i r e d , t h e e ffe c t s t h e r e o f i f
p r o m u l g a t e d , a n d t h e r e a s o n s t h e r e fo r .
(b )(1) T h e r e l e v a n t l e g i s l a t i v e h i s t o r y
of t h e Act in dica t es con gr ession a l r ec-
ogn it ion of t h e Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n da r ds In st it u t e a n d t h e Na t ion a l
F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion a s t h e
m a jor sou r ces of n a t ion a l con sen su s
st a n da r ds. Na t ion a l con sen su s st a n d-
a r d s a d o p t e d o n M a y 29, 1971, p u r s u a n t
t o s e c t i o n 6(a ) o f t h e A c t a r e fr o m
t h ose t wo sou r ces. However , a n y or ga -
n i za t i o n w h i c h d e e m s i t s e l f a p r o d u c e r
of n a t ion a l con sen su s st a n da r ds, wit h in
t h e m e a n i n g o f s e c t i o n 3(9) o f t h e A c t ,
is in vit ed t o su bm it in wr it in g t o t h e
Assist a n t S ecr et a r y of L a bor a t a n y
t i m e p r i o r t o F e b r u a r y 1, 1973, a l l r e l -
e v a n t i n fo r m a t i o n w h i c h m a y e n a b l e
t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y t o det er m in e
w h e t h e r a n y o f i t s s t a n d a r d s s a t i s fy
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e d e fi n i t i o n o f
‘‘n a t i o n a l c o n s e n s u s s t a n d a r d ’’ i n s e c -
t i o n 3(9) o f t h e A c t .
(2) Wi t h i n a r e a s o n a b l e t i m e a ft e r t h e
r eceipt of a su bm ission pu r su a n t t o
p a r a g r a p h (b )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e A s -
sist a n t S ecr et a r y of L a bor sh a ll pu b-
lish or ca u se t o be pu blish ed in t h e
F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R a n ot i c e of su c h
s u b m i s s i o n , a n d s h a l l a ffo r d i n t e r e s t e d
per son s a r ea son a ble oppor t u n it y t o
pr esen t wr it t en da t a , views, or a r gu -
m en t s wit h r ega r d t o t h e qu est ion
w h e t h e r a n y s t a n d a r d s o f t h e o r g a n i za -
t ion m a k in g t h e su bm ission a r e n a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t ion a l con sen su s st a n da r ds.
91
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§ 1910.5
§ 1910.4 Amendments to this part.
(a ) T h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r
sh a ll h a ve a ll of t h e a u t h or it y of t h e
S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r u n d e r s e c t i o n s 3(9)
a n d 6(a ) o f t h e A c t .
(b ) T h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r
m a y a t a n y t i m e b e fo r e A p r i l 28, 1973,
on h is own m ot ion or u pon t h e wr it t en
pet it ion of a n y per son , by r u le pr om u l-
ga t e a s a st a n da r d a n y n a t ion a l con -
sen su s st a n da r d a n d a n y est a blish ed
F eder a l st a n da r d, pu r su a n t t o a n d in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n 6(a ) o f t h e A c t ,
a n d , i n a d d i t i o n , m a y m o d i fy o r r e v o k e
a n y s t a n d a r d i n t h i s p a r t 1910. I n t h e
e v e n t o f c o n fl i c t a m o n g a n y s u c h
st a n da r ds, t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y of
L a bor sh a ll t a k e t h e a ct ion n ecessa r y
t o e l i m i n a t e t h e c o n fl i c t , i n c l u d i n g t h e
r e v o c a t i o n o r m o d i fi c a t i o n o f a s t a n d -
a r d in t h is pa r t , so a s t o a ssu r e t h e
g r e a t e s t p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e s a fe t y o r
h e a l t h o f t h e a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s .
§ 1910.5 Applicability of standards.
(a ) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e s t a n d a r d s c o n -
t a in ed in t h is pa r t sh a ll a pply wit h r e-
s p e c t t o e m p l o y m e n t s p e r fo r m e d i n a
wor k pla ce in a S t a t e, t h e Dist r ict of
Co l u m b i a , t h e Co m m o n w e a l t h o f P u e r -
t o R ico, t h e Vir gin Isla n ds, Am er ica n
S a m oa , Gu a m , T r u st T er r it or y of t h e
P a c i fi c I s l a n d s , Wa k e I s l a n d , Ou t e r
Co n t i n e n t a l S h e l f l a n d s d e fi n e d i n t h e
Ou t e r Co n t i n e n t a l S h e l f L a n d s A c t ,
J o h n s t o n I s l a n d , a n d t h e Ca n a l Z o n e .
(b ) N o n e o f t h e s t a n d a r d s i n t h i s p a r t
sh a ll a pply t o wor k in g con dit ion s of
em ploy ees wit h r espect t o wh ich F ed-
er a l a gen cies ot h er t h a n t h e Depa r t -
m en t of L a bor , or S t a t e a gen cies a ct -
i n g u n d e r s e c t i o n 274 o f t h e A t o m i c E n -
e r g y A c t o f 1954, a s a m e n d e d (42 U .S .C.
2021), e x e r c i s e s t a t u t o r y a u t h o r i t y t o
p r e s c r i b e o r e n fo r c e s t a n d a r d s o r r e g u -
l a t i o n s a ffe c t i n g o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y o r
h ea lt h .
(c )(1) I f a p a r t i c u l a r s t a n d a r d i s s p e -
c i fi c a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o a c o n d i t i o n ,
pr a ct ice, m ea n s, m et h od, oper a t ion , or
p r o c e s s , i t s h a l l p r e v a i l o v e r a n y d i f-
fe r e n t g e n e r a l s t a n d a r d w h i c h m i g h t
ot h er wise be a pplica ble t o t h e sa m e
con dit ion , pr a ct ice, m ea n s, m et h od, op-
er a t ion , or pr ocess. F or exa m ple,
§ 1915.23(c )(3) o f t h i s t i t l e p r e s c r i b e s
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.6
p e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t fo r c e r -
t a in sh ip r epa ir m en wor k in g in speci-
fi e d a r e a s . S u c h a s t a n d a r d s h a l l a p p l y ,
a n d s h a l l n o t b e d e e m e d m o d i fi e d n o r
s u p e r s e d e d b y a n y d i ffe r e n t g e n e r a l
st a n da r d wh ose pr ovision s m igh t ot h er -
wise be a pplica ble, t o t h e sh ip r epa ir -
m e n w o r k i n g i n t h e a r e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1915.23(c )(3).
(2) On t h e o t h e r h a n d , a n y s t a n d a r d
sh a ll a pply a ccor din g t o it s t er m s t o
a n y em ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy -
m en t in a n y in du st r y , even t h ou gh pa r -
t icu la r st a n da r ds a r e a lso pr escr ibed
fo r t h e i n d u s t r y , a s i n s u b p a r t B o r s u b -
pa r t R of t h is pa r t , t o t h e ext en t t h a t
n on e of su ch pa r t icu la r st a n da r ds a p-
plies. T o illu st r a t e, t h e gen er a l st a n d-
a r d r e g a r d i n g n o i s e e x p o s u r e i n § 1910.95
a pplies t o em ploy m en t s a n d pla ces of
em ploy m en t in pu lp, pa per , a n d pa per -
b o a r d m i l l s c o v e r e d b y § 1910.261.
(d ) I n t h e e v e n t a s t a n d a r d p r o t e c t s
o n i t s fa c e a c l a s s o f p e r s o n s l a r g e r
t h a n em ploy ees, t h e st a n da r d sh a ll be
a pplica ble u n der t h is pa r t on ly t o em -
ploy ees a n d t h eir em ploy m en t a n d
pla ces of em ploy m en t .
(e ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(f) A n e m p l o y e r w h o i s i n c o m p l i a n c e
wit h a n y st a n da r d in t h is pa r t sh a ll be
deem ed t o be in com plia n ce wit h t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t o f s e c t i o n 5(a )(1) o f t h e
Act , bu t on ly t o t h e ext en t of t h e con -
dit ion , pr a ct ice, m ea n s, m et h od, oper -
a t ion , or pr ocess cover ed by t h e st a n d-
a r d.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 58
F R 35308, J u n e 30, 1993]
§ 1910.6 Incorporation by reference.
(a )(1) T h e s t a n d a r d s o f a g e n c i e s o f
t h e U .S . G o v e r n m e n t , a n d o r g a n i za -
t ion s wh ich a r e n ot a gen cies of t h e
U .S . G o v e r n m e n t w h i c h a r e i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e i n t h i s p a r t , h a v e
t h e s a m e fo r c e a n d e ffe c t a s o t h e r
s t a n d a r d s i n t h i s p a r t . On l y t h e m a n d a -
t o r y p r o v i s i o n s (i .e ., p r o v i s i o n s c o n -
t a i n i n g t h e w o r d ‘‘s h a l l ’’ o r o t h e r m a n -
da t or y la n gu a ge) of st a n da r ds in cor -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a r e a d o p t e d a s
s t a n d a r d s u n d e r t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe -
t y a n d Hea lt h Act .
(2) A n y c h a n g e s i n t h e s t a n d a r d s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e i n t h i s p a r t
a n d a n o ffi c i a l h i s t o r i c fi l e o f s u c h
c h a n g e s a r e a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e n a t i o n a l o ffi c e o f t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l
92
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , Wa s h i n g t o n ,
D C 20210.
(3) T h e m a t e r i a l s l i s t e d i n p a r a g r a p h s
(b ) t h r o u g h (w ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a r e i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e i n t h e c o r -
r espon din g sect ion s n ot ed a s t h ey exist
on t h e da t e of t h e a ppr ova l, a n d a n o-
t ice of a n y ch a n ge in t h ese m a t er ia ls
wi l l be pu bl i sh e d i n t h e F E DE R AL R E G-
I S T E R . T h e s e i n c o r p o r a t i o n s b y r e f-
er en ce wer e a ppr oved by t h e Dir ect or
of t h e F eder a l R egist er in a ccor da n ce
w i t h 5 U .S .C. 552(a ) a n d 1 CF R p a r t 51.
(4) Co p i e s o f t h e fo l l o w i n g s t a n d a r d s
t h a t a r e issu ed by t h e r espect ive pr i-
v a t e s t a n d a r d s o r g a n i za t i o n s m a y b e
o b t a i n e d fr o m t h e i s s u i n g o r g a n i za -
t i o n s . T h e m a t e r i a l s a r e a v a i l a b l e fo r
pu r ch a se a t t h e cor r espon din g a ddr ess-
e s o f t h e p r i v a t e s t a n d a r d s o r g a n i za -
t ion s n ot ed below. In a ddit ion , a ll a r e
a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e
OS H A D o c k e t Offi c e , r o o m N 2625, U .S .
D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , 200 Co n s t i t u t i o n
A v e ., Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20210, o r a n y o f
i t s r e g i o n a l o ffi c e s o r a t t h e N a t i o n a l
Ar ch ives a n d R ecor ds Adm in ist r a t ion
(N A R A ). F o r i n fo r m a t i o n o n t h e a v a i l -
a bilit y of t h is m a t er ia l a t NAR A, ca ll
202–741–6030, or go t o: h t t p ://
w w w .a rch iv es.gov /f ed era llregist er/
cod elof lf ed era llregu la t ion s/
ibrlloca t ion s.h t m l.
(b ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n
Co n fe r e n c e o f G o v e r n m e n t a l I n d u s t r i a l
H y g i e n i s t s (A CG I H ), 1014 B r o a d w a y ,
Ci n c i n n a t i OH 45202:
(1) ‘‘I n d u s t r i a l V e n t i l a t i o n : A M a n u a l
o f R e c o m m e n d e d P r a c t i c e ’’ (22n d e d .,
1995), i n c o r p o r a t i o n b y r e fe r e n c e (I B R )
a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.124(b )(4)(i i i ).
(2) T h r e s h o l d L i m i t V a l u e s a n d B i o -
l o g i c a l E x p o s u r e I n d i c e s fo r 1986–87
(1986), I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.120, P E L
d e fi n i t i o n .
(c ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n
S ociet y of Agr icu lt u r a l E n gin eer s
(A S A E ), 2950 N i l e s R o a d , P o s t Offi c e
B o x 229, S t . J o s e p h , M I 49085:
(1) A S A E E m b l e m fo r I d e n t i fy i n g
S l o w M o v i n g V e h i c l e s , A S A E S 276.2
(1968), I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.145(d )(10).
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(d ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A g r i c u l t u r e
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.6

A m m o n i a I n s t i t u t e -R u b b e r M a n u fa c - p l e m e n t s , A 17.2a (1965), A 17.2b (1967),

t u r e r s (A A I -R M A ) A s s o c i a t i o n , 1400 K I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261(a )(3)(v i i i ).
S t . N W, Wa s h i n g t o n D C 20005: (12) A N S I A 90.1–69 S a fe t y S t a n d a r d
(1) A A I -R M A S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r A n - fo r M a n l i ft s , IBR a ppr oved fo r
h y dr ou s Am m on ia Hose, IBR a ppr oved § 1910.68(b )(3).
fo r § 1910.111(b )(8)(i ). (13) A N S I A 92.2–69 S t a n d a r d fo r V e h i -
(2) [R e s e r v e d ] cle Mou n t ed E leva t in g a n d R ot a t in g
(e ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l - Wo r k P l a t fo r m s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n § 1910.67 (b )(1), (2), (c )(3), a n d (4) a n d
N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s I n s t i t u t e (A N S I ), 1910.268(s )(1)(v ).
11 We s t 42n d S t ., N e w Y o r k , N Y 10036: (14) A N S I A 120.1–70 S a fe t y Co d e fo r
(1) A N S I A 10.2–44 S a fe t y Co d e fo r P o w e r e d P l a t fo r m s fo r E x t e r i o r B u i l d -
B u i l d i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n , I B R a p p r o v e d i n g M a i n t e n a n c e , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
fo r § 1910.144(a )(1)(i i ). § 1910.66 a p p . D (b ) t h r o u g h (d ).
(2) A N S I A 10.3–70 S a fe t y R e q u i r e - (15) A N S I B 7.1–70 S a fe t y Co d e fo r t h e
m e n t s fo r E x p l o s i v e -A c t u a t e d F a s - U s e , Ca r e a n d P r o t e c t i o n o f A b r a s i v e
t en in g T ools, IBR a ppr oved fo r Wh e e l s , IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.243(d )(1)(i ). §§ 1910.94(b )(5)(i )(a ); 1910.215(b )(12); a n d
1910.218(j )(5).
(3) A N S I A 11.1–65 (R 70) P r a c t i c e fo r
(16) A N S I B 15.1–53 (R 58) S a fe t y Co d e
I n d u s t r i a l L i g h t i n g , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
fo r M e c h a n i c a l P o w e r T r a n s m i s s i o n
§§ 1910.219(c )(5)(i i i ); 1910.261 (a )(3)(i ),
Appa r a t u s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
(c )(10), a n d (k )(21); a n d 1910.265(c )(2).
§§ 1910.68(b )(4) a n d 1910.261 (a )(3)(i x ),
(4) A N S I A 11.1–65 P r a c t i c e fo r I n d u s -
(b )(1), (e )(3), (e )(9), (f)(4), (j )(5)(i v ),
t r i a l L i g h t i n g , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
(k )(12), a n d (l )(3).
§§ 1910.262(c )(6) a n d 1910.265(d )(2)(i )(a ).
(17) A N S I B 20.1–57 S a fe t y Co d e fo r
(5) A N S I A 12.1–67 S a fe t y R e q u i r e - Co n v e y o r s , Ca b l e w a y s , a n d R e l a t e d
m e n t s fo r F l o o r a n d Wa l l Op e n i n g s , E qu ipm en t , IBR a ppr oved fo r
R a ilin gs, a n d T oe Boa r ds, IBR a p- §§ 1910.218(j )(3); 1910.261 (a )(3)(x ), (b )(1),
p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.66 a p p e n d i x D , (c )(4); (c )(15)(i v ), (f)(4), and (j )(2);
1910.68 (b )(4) a n d (b )(8)(i i ); 1910.261 1910.265(c )(18)(i ).
(a )(3)(i i ), (b )(3), (c )(3)(i ), (c )(15)(i i ), (18) A N S I B 30.2–43 (R 52) S a fe t y Co d e
(e )(4), (g )(13), (h )(1), (h )(3)(v i ), (j )(4) (i i ) fo r Cr a n e s , D e r r i c k s , a n d H o i s t s , I B R
a n d (i v ), (j )(5)(i ), (k )(6), (k )(13)(i ), a n d a ppr oved fo r § 1910.261 (a )(3)(x i ),
(k )(15). (c )(2)(v i ), a n d (c )(8) (i ) a n d (i v ).
(6) A N S I A 13.1–56 S c h e m e fo r t h e (19) A N S I B 30.2.0–67 S a fe t y Co d e fo r
I d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f P i p i n g S y s t e m s , I B R Ov e r h e a d a n d G a n t r y Cr a n e s , I B R a p -
a ppr oved fo r §§ 1910.253(d )(4)(i i ); pr oved fo r §§ 1910.179(b )(2); 1910.261
1910.261(a )(3)(i i i ); 1910.262(c )(7). (a )(3)(x i i ), (c )(2)(v ), a n d (c )(8) (i ) a n d
(7) A N S I A 14.1–68 S a fe t y Co d e fo r (i v ).
P o r t a b l e Wo o d L a d d e r s , S u p p l e m e n t e d (20) A N S I B 30.5–68 S a fe t y Co d e fo r
b y A N S I A 14.1a –77, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r Cr a w l e r , L ocom ot ive, and T r u ck
§ 1910.261 (a )(3)(i v ) a n d (c )(3)(i ). Cr a n e s , IBR a ppr oved fo r
(8) A N S I A 14.2–56 S a fe t y Co d e fo r §§ 1910.180(b )(2) a n d 1910.261(a )(3)(x i i i ).
P or t a ble Met a l L a dder s, S u pplem en t ed (21) A N S I B 30.6–69 S a fe t y Co d e fo r
b y A N S I A 14.2a –77, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r Der r ick s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.261 (a )(3)(v ) a n d (c )(3)(i ). §§ 1910.181(b )(2) a n d 1910.268(j )(4)(i v ) (E )
(9) A N S I A 14.3–56 S a fe t y Co d e fo r a n d (H ).
F i x e d L a d d e r s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r (22) A N S I B 31.1–55 Co d e fo r P r e s s u r e
§§ 1910.68(b ) (4) a n d (12); 1910.179(c )(2); P ipin g, IBR a ppr oved fo r
a n d 1910.261 (a )(3)(v i ) a n d (c )(3)(i ). § 1910.261(g )(18)(i i i ).
(10) A N S I A 17.1–65 S a fe t y Co d e fo r (23) A N S I B 31.1–67, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
E leva t or s, Du m bwa it er s a n d Movin g § 1910.253(d )(1)(i )(A )
Wa l k s , I n c l u d i n g S u p p l e m e n t s , A 17.1a (24) A N S I B 31.1a –63 A d d e n d a t o A N S I
(1967); A 17.1b (1968); A 17.1c (1969); A 17.1d B 31.1 (1955), IBR a ppr oved fo r
(1970), I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261 § 1910.261(g )(18)(i i i ).
(a )(3)(v i i ), (g )(11)(i ), a n d (l )(4). (25) A N S I B 31.1–67 a n d A d d e n d a B 31.1
(11) A N S I A 17.2–60 P r a c t i c e fo r t h e (1969) Co d e fo r P r e s s u r e P i p i n g , I B R a p -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

In spect ion of E leva t or s, In clu din g S u p- pr oved fo r §§ 1910.103(b )(1)(i i i )(b );

93

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 § 1910.6
1910.104(b )(5)(i i ); 1910.218 (d )(4) a n d
(e )(1)(i v ); a n d 1910.261 (a )(3)(x i v ) a n d
(g )(18)(i i i ).
(26) A N S I B 31.2–68 F u e l G a s P i p i n g ,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261(g )(18)(i i i ).
(27) A N S I B 31.3–66 P e t r o l e u m R e fi n -
er y P ipin g, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.103(b )(3)(v )(b ).
(28) A N S I B 31.5–66 A d d e n d a B 31.5a
(1968) R e fr i g e r a t i o n P i p i n g , I B a p -
p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.103(b )(3)(v )(b ) a n d
1910.111(b )(7)(i i i ).
(29) A N S I B 56.1–69 S a fe t y S t a n d a r d
fo r P o w e r e d I n d u s t r i a l T r u c k s , I B R a p -
p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.178(a ) (2) a n d (3) a n d
1910.261 (a )(3)(x v ), (b )(6), (m )(2), a n d
(m )(5)(i i i ).
(30) A N S I B 57.1–65 Co m p r e s s e d G a s
Cy l i n d e r V a l v e Ou t l e t a n d I n l e t Co n -
n ect ion s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.253(b )(1)(i i i ).
(31) [R e s e r v e d ]
(32) A N S I B 175.1–1991, S a fe t y R e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r G a s o l i n e -P o w e r e d Ch a i n
S a w s 1910.266(e )(2)(i ).
(33) A N S I C1–71 N a t i o n a l E l e c t r i c a l
Co d e , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.66 a p p e n -
d i x D (c )(22) (i ) a n d (v i i ).
(34) A N S I C33.2–56 S a fe t y S t a n d a r d
fo r T r a n s fo r m e r -T y p e A r c We l d i n g M a -
c h i n e s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.254(b )(1).
(35) [R e s e r v e d ]
(36) A N S I H 23.1–70 S e a m l e s s Co p p e r
Wa t e r T u b e S p e c i fi c a t i o n , I B R a p -
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.110(b ) (8)(i i ) a n d
(13)(i i )(b )(1).
(37) A N S I H 38.7–69 S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r
Alu m in u m Alloy S ea m less P ipe a n d
S ea m less E xt r u ded T u be, IBR a ppr oved
fo r § 1910.110(b )(8)(i ).
(38) A N S I J 6.4–71 S t a n d a r d S p e c i fi c a -
t i o n fo r R u b b e r I n s u l a t i n g B l a n k e t s ,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.268 (f)(1) a n d
(n )(11)(v ).
(39) A N S I J 6.6–71 S t a n d a r d S p e c i fi c a -
t i o n fo r R u b b e r I n s u l a t i n g G l o v e s , I B R
a ppr oved fo r § 1910.268 (f)(1) and
(n )(11)(i v ).
(40) A N S I K 13.1–67 I d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f
G a s M a s k Ca n i s t e r s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.261 (a )(3)(x v i ) a n d (h )(2)(i i i ).
(41) A N S I K 61.1–60 S a fe t y R e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g o f
A n h y d r o u s A m m o n i a , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.111(b )(11)(i ).
(42) A N S I K 61.1–66 S a fe t y R e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g o f
A n h y d r o u s A m m o n i a , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
§ 1910.111(b )(11)(i ).
94
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(43) A N S I O1.1–54 (R 61) S a fe t y Co d e
fo r Wo o d w o r k i n g M a c h i n e r y , I B R a p -
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261 (a )(3)(x v i i ), (e )(7),
a n d (i )(2).
(44) A N S I S 1.4–71 (R 76) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
fo r S o u n d L e v e l M e t e r s , I B R a p p r o v e d
fo r § 1910.95 a p p e n d i x e s D a n d I .
(45) A N S I S 1.11–71 (R 76) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
fo r Oc t a v e , H a l f-Oc t a v e a n d T h i r d -Oc -
t a ve Ba n d F ilt er S et s, IBR a ppr oved
fo r § 1910.95 a p p e n d i x D .
(46) A N S I S 3.6–69 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r
Au diom et er s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.95(h )(2) a n d (5)(i i ) a n d a p p e n d i x D .
(47) A N S I Z 4.1–68 R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
S a n it a t ion in P la ces of E m ploy m en t ,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261 (a )(3)(x v i i i )
a n d (g )(15)(v i ).
(48) [R e s e r v e d ]
(49) A N S I Z 9.1–51 S a fe t y Co d e fo r
V e n t i l a t i o n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f Op e n S u r -
fa c e T a n k s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§§ 1910.94(c )(5)(i i i )(e ) and 1910.261
(a )(3)(x i x ), (g )(18)(v ), a n d (h )(2)(i ).
(50) A N S I Z 9.1–71 P r a c t i c e s fo r V e n -
t i l a t i o n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f Op e n -S u r fa c e
T a n k s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.124(b )(4)(i v ).
(51) A N S I Z 9.2–60 F u n d a m e n t a l s G o v -
e r n i n g t h e D e s i g n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f
L oca l E xh a u st S y st em s, IBR a ppr oved
fo r §§ 1910.94(a )(4)(i ) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t ,
(a )(6) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t , (b )(3)(i x ),
(b )(4)(i ) a n d (i i ), (c )(3)(i ) i n t r o d u c t o r y
t e x t , (c )(5)(i i i )(b ), a n d (c )(7)(i v )(a );
1910.261(a )(3)(x x ), (g )(1)(i ) a n d (i i i ), a n d
(h )(2)(i i ).
(52) A N S I Z 9.2–79 F u n d a m e n t a l s G o v -
e r n i n g t h e D e s i g n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f
L oca l E xh a u st S y st em s, IBR a ppr oved
fo r § 1910.124(b )(4)(i ).
(53) A N S I Z 12.12–68 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
P r e v e n t i o n o f S u l fu r F i r e s a n d E x p l o -
s i o n s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261
(a )(3)(x x i ), (d )(1)(i ), (f)(2)(i v ), and
(g )(1)(i ).
(54) A N S I Z 12.20–62 (R 69) Co d e fo r t h e
P r even t ion of Du st E xplosion s in
Wo o d w o r k i n g a n d Wo o d F l o u r M a n u -
fa c t u r i n g P l a n t s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.265(c )(20)(i ).
(55) A N S I Z 21.30–64 R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
Ga s Applia n ces a n d Ga s P ipin g In st a l-
la t ion s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.265(c )(15).
(56) A N S I Z 24.22–57 M e t h o d o f M e a s -
u r e m e n t o f R e a l -E a r A t t e n u a t i o n o f
E a r P r ot ect or s a t T h r esh old, IBR a p-
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261(a )(3)(x x i i ).
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.6

(57) A N S I Z 33.1–61 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f 1910.261 (a )(3)(x x v i ), (b )(2), (f)(5),

B l o w e r a n d E x h a u s t S y s t e m s fo r D u s t , (g )(15)(v ), (h )(2) (i i i ) a n d (i v ), a n d (i )(4).
S t o c k , a n d V a p o r R e m o v a l o r Co n - (70) A N S I Z 89.1–69 S a fe t y R e q u i r e -
vey in g, IBR a ppr oved fo r m e n t s fo r I n d u s t r i a l H e a d P r o t e c t i o n ,
§§ 1910.94(a )(4)(i ); 1910.261 (a )(3)(x x i i i ) I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.135(b )(2); a n d
a n d (f)(5); a n d 1910.265(c )(20)(i ). 1910.261 (a )(3)(x x v i i ), (b )(2), (g )(15)(v ),
(58) A N S I Z 33.1–66 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f a n d (i )(4).
B l o w e r a n d E x h a u s t S y s t e m s fo r D u s t , (71) ANS I Z 89.1–86, P r ot ect ive
S t o c k , a n d V a p o r R e m o v a l o r Co n - H e a d w e a r fo r I n d u s t r i a l Wo r k e r s R e -
vey in g, IBR a ppr oved fo r qu ir em en t s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.94(a )(2)(i i ). § 1910.135(b )(1).
(59) A N S I Z 35.1–68 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r (72) A N S I Z 89.2–71 S a fe t y R e q u i r e -
Acciden t P r even t ion S ign s, IBR a p- m e n t s fo r I n d u s t r i a l P r o t e c t i v e H e l -
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.261 (a )(3)(x x i v ) a n d m e t s fo r E l e c t r i c a l Wo r k e r s , Cl a s s B ,
(c )(16). I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.268(i )(1).
(60) A N S I Z 41.1–67 M e n ’s S a fe t y T o e (f) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
F oot wea r , IBR a ppr oved fo r a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n
§§ 1910.94(a )(5)(v ); 1910.136(b )(2) and P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e (A P I ), 1220 L
1910.261(i )(4). S t r e e t N W, Wa s h i n g t o n D C 20005:
(61) A N S I Z 41–91, P e r s o n a l P r o t e c - (1) [R e s e r v e d ]
t i o n -P r o t e c t i v e F o o t w e a r , I B R a p - (2) A P I 12B (M a y 1958) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.136(b )(1). fo r B o l t e d P r o d u c t i o n T a n k s , 11t h E d .,
Wi t h S u p p l e m e n t N o . 1, M a r . 1962, I B R
(62) A N S I Z 48.1–54 M e t h o d fo r M a r k -
a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.106(b )(1)(i )(a )(3).
i n g P o r t a b l e Co m p r e s s e d G a s Co n -
(3) A P I 12D (A u g . 1957) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
t a i n e r s t o I d e n t i fy t h e M a t e r i a l Co n -
fo r L a r g e We l d e d P r o d u c t i o n T a n k s ,
t a in ed, IBR a ppr oved fo r
7t h E d ., IBR a ppr oved fo r
§§ 1910.103(b )(1)(i )(c); 1910.110(b )(5)(i i i );
§ 1910.106(b )(1)(i )(a )(3).
a n d 1910.253(b )(1)(i i ).
(4) A P I 12F (M a r . 1961) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
(63) A N S I Z 48.1–54 (R 70) M e t h o d fo r
fo r S m a l l We l d e d P r o d u c t i o n T a n k s ,
M a r k i n g P o r t a b l e Co m p r e s s e d G a s Co n -
5t h E d ., IBR a ppr oved fo r
t a i n e r s T o I d e n t i fy t h e M a t e r i a l Co n -
§ 1910.106(b )(1)(i )(a )(3).
t a i n e d , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.111(e )(1)
(5) A P I 620, F o u r t h E d . (1970) I n c l u d -
a n d 1910.134(d )(4).
in g a ppen dix R , R ecom m en ded R u les
(64) A N S I Z 49.1–67 S a fe t y i n We l d i n g fo r D e s i g n a n d Co n s t r u c t i o n o f L a r g e
and Cu t t i n g , IBR a ppr oved fo r We l d e d L o w P r e s s u r e S t o r a g e T a n k s ,
§ 1910.252(c )(1)(i v ) (A ) a n d (B ). I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.103(c )(1)(i )(a );
(65) A N S I Z 53.1–67 S a fe t y Co l o r Co d e 1910.106(b )(1)(i v )(b )(1); a n d 1910.111(d )(1)
fo r M a r k i n g P h y s i c a l H a za r d s a n d t h e (i i ) a n d (i i i ).
I d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f Ce r t a i n E q u i p m e n t , (6) A P I 650 (1966) We l d e d S t e e l T a n k s
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.97(a )(3)(i i ); fo r Oi l S t o r a g e , 3r d E d ., I B R a p p r o v e d
1910.145(d ) (2), (4), a n d (6). fo r § 1910.106(b )(1)(i i i )(a )(2).
(66) A N S I Z 54.1–63 S a fe t y S t a n d a r d (7) A P I 1104 (1968) S t a n d a r d fo r We l d -
fo r N o n -M e d i c a l X -R a y a n d S e a l e d in g P ipelin es a n d R ela t ed F a cilit ies,
G a m m a R a y S o u r c e s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.252(d )(1)(v ).
§ 1910.252(d ) (1)(v i i ) a n d (2)(i i ). (8) A P I 2000 (1968) V e n t i n g A t m o s -
(67) A N S I Z 87.1–68 P r a c t i c e o f Oc c u - ph er ic a n d L ow P r essu r e S t or a ge
pa t ion a l a n d E du ca t ion a l E y e a n d F a ce T a n k s, IBR a ppr oved fo r
P r ot ect ion , IBR a ppr oved fo r § 1910.106(b )(2)(i v )(b)(1).
§§ 1910.133(b )(2); 1910.252(b )(2)(i i )(I ); a n d (9) A P I 2201 (1963) We l d i n g o r H o t
1910.261 (a )(3)(x x v ), (d )(1)(i i ), (f)(5), T a p p i n g o n E q u i p m e n t Co n t a i n i n g
(g )(10), (g )(15)(v ), (g )(18)(i i ), a n d (i )(4). F la m m a bles, IBR a ppr oved fo r
(68) A N S I Z 87.1–89, P r a c t i c e fo r Oc c u - § 1910.252(d )(1)(v i ).
pa t ion a l a n d E du ca t ion a l E y e a n d F a ce (g ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
P r ot ect ion , IBR a ppr oved fo r a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n
§ 1910.133(b )(1). S ociet y of Mech a n ica l E n gin eer s
(69) A N S I Z 88.2–69 P r a c t i c e s fo r R e s - (A S M E ), U n i t e d E n g i n e e r i n g Ce n t e r ,
p i r a t o r y P r o t e c t i o n , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r 345 E a s t 47t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N Y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

§§ 1910.94(c )(6)(i i i )(a ); 1910.134(c ); a n d 10017:

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 § 1910.6 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(1) A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l (7) A S T M B 88–66A S e a m l e s s Co p p e r

Co d e , S e c . V I I I , 1949, 1950, 1952, 1956, Wa t e r T u be, IBR a ppr oved fo r
1959, a n d 1962 E d ., I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.252(d )(1)(i )(A )(2).
§§ 1910.110 (b )(10)(i i i ) (T a b l e H –26), (d )(2) (8) A S T M B 117–64 S a l t S p r a y (F o g )
(T a b l e H –31); (e )(3)(i ) (T a b l e H –32), T est , IBR a ppr oved fo r
(h )(2) (T a b l e H –34); and § 1910.268(g )(2)(i )(A ).
1910.111(b )(2)(v i ); (9) A S T M B 210–68 A l u m i n u m -A l l o y
(2) A S M E Co d e fo r P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s , Dr a wn S ea m less T u bes, IBR a ppr oved
1968 E d ., IBR a ppr oved fo r fo r § 1910.110(b )(8)(i i ).
§§ 1910.106(i )(3)(i ); 1910.110(g )(2)(i i i )(b)(2); (10) A S T M B 241–69, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
a n d 1910.217(b )(12); § 1910.110(b )(8)(i ) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t .
(3) A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l (11) A S T M D 5–65 T e s t fo r P e n e t r a -
Co d e , S e c . V I I I , 1968, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r t ion by Bit u m in ou s Ma t er ia ls, IBR a p-
§§ 1910.103; 1910.104(b )(4)(i i ); 1910.106 p r o v e d fo r § 1910.106(a )(17).
(b )(1)(i v )(b)(2) a n d (i)(3)(i i ); 1910.107; (12) A S T M D 56–70 T e s t fo r F l a s h
1910.110(b )(11) (i )(b) and (i i i )(a )(1); P o i n t b y T a g Cl o s e d T e s t e r , I B R a p -
1910.111(b )(2) (i ), (i i ), a n d (i v ); a n d p r o v e d fo r § 1910.106(a )(14)(i ).
1910.169(a )(2) (i ) a n d (i i ); (13) A S T M D 86–62 T e s t fo r D i s t i l l a -
(4) A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l t ion of P et r oleu m P r odu ct s, IBR a p-
Co d e , S e c . V I I I , P a r a g r a p h U G –84, 1968, pr oved fo r §§ 1910.106(a )(5) and
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.104 (b )(4)(i i ) a n d 1910.119(b ) ‘‘B o i l i n g p o i n t .’’
(b )(5)(i i i ); (14) A S T M D 88–56 T e s t fo r S a y b o l t
(5) A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Viscosit y , IBR a ppr oved fo r
Co d e , S e c . V I I I , U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s - § 1910.106(a )(37).
s e l s , I n c l u d i n g A d d e n d a (1969), I B R a p - (15) A S T M D 93–71 T e s t fo r F l a s h
pr oved fo r §§ 1910.261; 1910.262; P oin t by P en sk y Ma r t en s, IBR a p-
1910.263(i )(24)(i i ); p r o v e d fo r § 1910.106(a )(14)(i i ).
(6) Co d e fo r U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s (16) A S T M D 323–68, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
fo r P e t r o l e u m L i q u i d s a n d G a s e s o f t h e § 1910.106(a )(30)
A P I a n d t h e A S M E , 1951 E d ., I B R a p - (17) A S T M D 445–65 T e s t fo r V i s c o s i t y
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.110(b )(3)(i i i ); a n d o f T r a n s p a r e n t a n d Op a q u e L i q u i d s ,
(7) A S M E B 56.6–1992 (w i t h a d d e n d a ), I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.106(a )(37).
S a fe t y S t a n d a r d fo r R o u g h T e r r a i n (18) A S T M D 1692–68 T e s t fo r F l a m -
F o r k l i ft T r u c k s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r m a b i l i t y o f P l a s t i c S h e e t i n g a n d Ce l -
§ 1910.266(f)(4). lu la r P la st ics, IBR a p p r o v e d fo r
(h ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l - § 1910.103(c )(1)(v )(d ).
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n (19) A S T M D 2161–66 Co n v e r s i o n T a -
S o c i e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e r i a l s b l e s F o r S U S , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
(A S T M ), 1916 R a c e S t r e e t , P h i l a d e l - § 1910.106(a )(37).
p h i a , P A 19103: (i ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
(1) A S T M A 47–68 M a l l e a b l e I r o n a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n
Ca s t i n g s , IBR a ppr oved fo r We l d i n g S o c i e t y (A WS ), 550 N W,
§ 1910.111(b )(7)(v i ). L e J e u n e R o a d , P .O. B o x 351040, M i a m i
(2) A S T M A 53–69 We l d e d a n d S e a m - F L 33135:
l e s s S t e e l P i p e , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r (1) A WS A 3.0 (1969) T e r m s a n d D e fi n i -
§§ 1910.110(b )(8)(i ) (a ) a n d (b) a n d t i o n s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.251(c ).
1910.111(b )(7)(i v ). (2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(3) A S T M A 126–66 G r a y I r o n Ca s t i n g (3) A WS B 3.0–41 S t a n d a r d Qu a l i fi c a -
fo r V a l v e s , F l a n g e s a n d P i p e F i t t i n g , t i o n P r o c e d u r e , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.111(b )(7)(v i ). § 1910.67(c )(5)(i ).
(4) A S T M A 391–65 (A N S I G 61.1–1968) (4) A WS D 1.0–1966 Co d e fo r We l d i n g i n
A l l o y S t e e l Ch a i n , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r B u i l d i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n , I B R a p p r o v e d
§ 1910.184(e )(4). fo r § 1910.27(b )(6).
(5) A S T M A 395–68 D u c t i l e I r o n fo r (5) A WS D 2.0–69 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r
Use a t E leva t ed T em per a t u r es, IBR a p- We l d i n g H i g h w a y a n d R a i l w a y B r i d g e s ,
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.111(b )(7)(v i ). I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.67(c )(5)(i v ).
(6) A S T M B 88–69 S e a m l e s s Co p p e r (6) A WS D 8.4–61 R e c o m m e n d e d P r a c -
Wa t e r T u be, IBR a ppr oved fo r t i c e s fo r A u t o m o t i v e We l d i n g D e s i g n ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

§ 1910.110(b ) (8)(i )(a ) a n d (13)(i i )(b)(1). I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.67(c )(5)(i i ).

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(7) A WS D 10.9–69 S t a n d a r d Qu a l i fi c a -
t i o n o f We l d i n g P r o c e d u r e s a n d We l d -
e r s fo r P i p i n g a n d T u b i n g , I B R a p -
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.67(c )(5)(i i i ).
(j ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e D e p a r t m e n t
o f Co m m e r c e :
(1) Co m m e r c i a l S t a n d a r d , CS 202–56
(1961) ‘‘I n d u s t r i a l L i ft s a n d H i n g e d
L o a d i n g R a m p s ,’’ I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.30(a )(3).
(2) P u b l i c a t i o n ‘‘M o d e l P e r fo r m a n c e
Cr i t e r i a fo r S t r u c t u r a l F i r e F i g h t e r s ’
H e l m e t s ,’’ IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.156(e )(5)(i ).
(k ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e Co m p r e s s e d
G a s A s s o c i a t i o n (CG A ), 1235 J e ffe r s o n
D a v i s H i g h w a y , A r l i n g t o n , V A 22202:
(1) CG A C–6 (1968) S t a n d a r d s fo r V i s -
u a l I n s p e c t i o n o f Co m p r e s s e d G a s Cy l -
i n d e r s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.101(a ).
(2) CG A C–8 (1962) S t a n d a r d fo r R e -
q u a l i fi c a t i o n o f I CC–3H T Cy l i n d e r s ,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.101(a ).
(3) CG A G –1 (1966) A c e t y l e n e , I B R a p -
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.102(a ).
(4) CG A G –1.3 (1959) A c e t y l e n e T r a n s -
m i s s i o n fo r Ch e m i c a l S y n t h e s i s , I B R
a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.102(b ).
(5) CG A G –1.4 (1966) S t a n d a r d fo r
A c e t y l e n e Cy l i n d e r Ch a r g i n g P l a n t s ,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.102(b ).
(6) CG A G –7.1 (1966) Co m m o d i t y S p e c -
i fi c a t i o n , IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.134(d )(1).
(7) CG A G –8.1 (1964) S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
I n s t a l l a t i o n o f N i t r o u s Ox i d e S y s t e m s
a t Co n s u m e r S i t e s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.105.
(8) CG A P –1 (1965) S a fe H a n d l i n g o f
Co m p r e s s e d G a s e s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.101(b ).
(9) CG A P –3 (1963) S p e c i fi c a t i o n s ,
P r o p e r t i e s , a n d R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r
P a ck a gin g, T r a n spor t a t ion , S t or a ge
a n d Use of Am m on iu m Nit r a t e, IBR a p-
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.109(i )(1)(i i )(b).
(10) CG A S –1.1 (1963) a n d 1965 A d -
d e n d a . S a fe t y R e l e a s e D e v i c e S t a n d -
a r d s —Cy l i n d e r s fo r Co m p r e s s e d G a s e s ,
IBR a ppr oved fo r §§ 1910.101(c );
1910.103(c )(1)(i v )(a )(2).
(11) CG A S –1.2 (1963) S a fe t y R e l e a s e
D e v i c e S t a n d a r d s , Ca r g o a n d P o r t a b l e
T a n k s fo r Co m p r e s s e d G a s e s , I B R a p -
pr oved fo r §§ 1910.101(c );
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
1910.103(c )(1)(i v )(a )(2).
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§ 1910.6
(12) CG A S –1.3 (1959) S a fe t y R e l e a s e
Device S t a n d a r d s -Co m p r e s s e d Ga s
S t o r a g e Co n t a i n e r s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§§ 1910.103(c )(1)(i v )(a )(2);
1910.104(b )(6)(i i i ); and
1910.111(d )(4)(i i )(b).
(13) CG A 1957 S t a n d a r d H o s e Co n n e c -
t i o n S t a n d a r d , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.253(e ) (4)(v ) a n d (5)(i i i ).
(14) CG A a n d R M A (R u b b e r M a n u fa c -
t u r e r ’s A s s o c i a t i o n ) S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r
R u b b e r We l d i n g H o s e (1958), I B R a p -
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.253(e )(5)(i ).
(15) CG A 1958 R e g u l a t o r Co n n e c t i o n
S t a n d a r d , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.253(e )
(4)(i v ) a n d (6).
(l ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e Cr a n e M a n -
u fa c t u r e r ’s A s s o c i a t i o n o f A m e r i c a ,
I n c . (CM A A ), 1 T h o m a s Ci r c l e N W,
Wa s h i n g t o n D C 20005:
(1) CM A A S p e c i fi c a t i o n 1B 61, S p e c i -
fi c a t i o n s fo r E l e c t r i c Ov e r h e a d T r a v -
elin g Cr a n e s , IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.179(b )(6)(i ).
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(m ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e G e n e r a l
S er vices Adm in ist r a t ion :
(1) G S A P u b . G G -B –0067b , A i r Co m -
p r e s s e d fo r B r e a t h i n g P u r p o s e s , o r I n -
t e r i m F e d e r a l S p e c i fi c a t i o n s , A p r . 1965,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.134(d )(4).
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(n ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e D e p a r t m e n t
of Hea lt h a n d Hu m a n S er vices:
(1) P u b l i c a t i o n N o . 76–120 (1975), L i s t
of P er son a l Hea r in g P r ot ect or s a n d At -
t e n u a t i o n D a t a , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.95 A p p . B .
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(o ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e I n s t i t u t e o f
M a k e r s o f E x p l o s i v e s (I M E ), 420 L e x -
i n g t o n A v e n u e , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10017:
(1) I M E P a m p h l e t N o . 17, 1960, S a fe t y
in t h e Ha n dlin g a n d Use of E xplosives,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.261 (a )(4)(i i i )
a n d (c )(14)(i i ).
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(p ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e N a t i o n a l
E l e c t r i c a l M a n u fa c t u r e r ’s A s s o c i a t i o n
(N E M A ):
(1) N E M A E W–1 (1962) R e q u i r e m e n t s
fo r E l e c t r i c A r c We l d i n g A p p a r a t u s ,
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.254(b )(1).
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
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 § 1910.6 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(q ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l - P r odu ct ion , P a ck a gin g, a n d Ha n dlin g

a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e N a t i o n a l o f P u l v e r i ze d S u g a r a n d Co c o a , I B R a p -
F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n (N F P A ), 11 p r o v e d fo r § 1910.263(k )(2)(i ).
T r a c y D r i v e , A v o n , M A 02322: (15) N F P A 68–1954 G u i d e fo r E x p l o s i o n
(1) N F P A 30 (1969) F l a m m a b l e a n d Ven t in g, IBR a ppr oved fo r
Co m b u s t i b l e L i q u i d s Co d e , I B R a p - § 1910.94(a )(2)(i i i ).
p r o v e d fo r § 1910.178(f)(1). (16) N F P A 70–1971 N a t i o n a l E l e c t r i c a l
(2) N F P A 32–1970 S t a n d a r d fo r D r y Co d e , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.66 A p p .
Cl e a n i n g P l a n t s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r D (c )(2).
§ 1910.106(j )(6)(i ). (17) N F P A 78–1968 L i g h t n i n g P r o t e c -
(3) N F P A 33–1969 S t a n d a r d fo r S p r a y t ion Co d e , IBR a ppr oved fo r
F i n i s h i n g U s i n g F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m - § 1910.109(i )(6)(i i ).
b u s t i b l e M a t e r i a l , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r (18) N F P A 80–1968 S t a n d a r d fo r F i r e
§§ 1910.94(c ) (1)(i i ), (2), (3) (i ) a n d (i i i ), D o o r s a n d Wi n d o w s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
a n d (5). § 1910.106(d )(4)(i ).
(4) N F P A 34–1966 S t a n d a r d fo r D i p (19) N F P A 80–1970 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
T a n k s Co n t a i n i n g F l a m m a b l e o r Co m - I n s t a l l a t i o n o f F i r e D o o r s a n d Wi n -
b u s t i b l e L i q u i d s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r dows, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.124(b )(4)(i v ). § 1910.253(f)(6)(i )(I ).
(5) N F P A 34–1995 S t a n d a r d fo r D i p (20) N F P A 86A –1969 S t a n d a r d fo r Ov e n
T a n k s Co n t a i n i n g F l a m m a b l e o r Co m - a n d F u r n a ces Design , L oca t ion a n d
b u s t i b l e L i q u i d s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r E q u i p m e n t , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.107
§ 1910.124(b )(4)(i i ). (j )(1) a n d (l )(3) a n d 1910.108 (b )(2) a n d
(6) N F P A 35–1970 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e (d )(2).
M a n u fa c t u r e o f Or g a n i c Co a t i n g s , I B R (21) N F P A 91–1961 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.106(j )(6)(i i ). In st a lla t ion of Blower a n d E xh a u st
(7) N F P A 36–1967 S t a n d a r d fo r S o l - S y s t e m s fo r D u s t , S t o c k , a n d V a p o r
ven t E xt r a ct ion P la n t s, IBR a ppr oved R e m o v a l o r Co n v e y i n g (A N S I Z 33.1–61),
fo r § 1910.106(j )(6)(i i i ). I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.107(d )(1).
(8) N F P A 37–1970 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e I n - (22) N F P A 91–1969 S t a n d a r d s fo r
s t a l l a t i o n a n d U s e o f S t a t i o n a r y Co m - Blower a n d E xh a u st S y st em s, IBR a p-
bu st ion E n gin es a n d Ga s T u r bin es, IBR p r o v e d fo r § 1910.108(b )(1).
a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.106(j )(6)(i v ) a n d (23) N F P A 96–1970 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
1910.110 (b )(20)(i v )(c ) a n d (e )(11). I n s t a l l a t i o n o f E q u i p m e n t fo r t h e R e -
(9) N F P A 51B –1962 S t a n d a r d fo r F i r e m ova l of S m ok e a n d Gr ea se L a den Va -
P r o t e c t i o n i n U s e o f Cu t t i n g a n d We l d - p o r s fr o m Co m m e r c i a l Co o k i n g E q u i p -
in g P r ocesses, IBR a ppr oved fo r m en t , IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.252(a )(1) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t . § 1910.110(b )(20)(i v )(d ).
(10) N F P A 54–1969 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e (24) N F P A 101–1970 Co d e fo r L i fe S a fe -
In st a lla t ion of Ga s Applia n ces a n d Ga s t y F r om F ir e in Bu ildin gs a n d S t r u c-
P ipin g, IBR a ppr oved fo r t u r es, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.110(b )(20)(i v )(a ). § 1910.261(a )(4)(i i ).
(11) N F P A 54A –1969 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e (25) N F P A 203M –1970 M a n u a l o n R o o f
In st a lla t ion of Ga s P ipin g a n d Ga s Co v e r i n g s , IBR a ppr oved fo r
E qu ipm en t on In du st r ia l P r em ises a n d § 1910.109(i )(1)(i i i )(c ).
Ce r t a i n Ot h e r P r e m i s e s , I B R a p p r o v e d (26) N F P A 251–1969 S t a n d a r d M e t h o d s
fo r § 1910.110(b )(20)(i v )(b ). o f F i r e T e s t s o f B u i l d i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n
(12) N F P A 58–1969 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e a n d Ma t er ia ls, IBR a p p r o v e d fo r
S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g o f L i q u e fi e d P e - §§ 1910.106 (d )(3)(i i ) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t
t r o l e u m G a s e s (A N S I Z 106.1–1970), I B R a n d (d )(4)(i ).
a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.110 (b )(3)(i v ) a n d (27) N F P A 302–1968 F i r e P r o t e c t i o n
(i )(3) (i ) a n d (i i ); a n d 1910.178(f)(2). S t a n d a r d fo r M o t o r -Cr a ft (P l e a s u r e a n d
(13) N F P A 59–1968 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e Co m m e r c i a l ), IBR a ppr oved fo r
S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g o f L i q u e fi e d P e - § 1910.265(d )(2)(i v ) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t .
t r oleu m Ga ses a t Ut ilit y Ga s P la n t s, (28) N F P A 385–1966 R e c o m m e n d e d
I B R a p p r o v e d fo r §§ 1910.110 (b )(3)(i v ) R e g u l a t o r y S t a n d a r d fo r T a n k V e h i c l e s
a n d (i )(2)(i v ). fo r F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m b u s t i b l e L i q -
(14) N F P A 62–1967 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e u ids, IBR a ppr oved fo r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

P r even t ion of Du st E xplosion s in t h e § 1910.106(g )(1)(i )(e )(1).

98

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(29) N F P A 496–1967 S t a n d a r d fo r
P u r ged E n closu r es fo r E lect r ica l
E q u i p m e n t i n H a za r d o u s L o c a t i o n s ,
IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.103(c )(1)(i x )(e )(1).
(30) N F P A 505–1969 S t a n d a r d fo r T y p e
Design a t ion s, Ar ea s of Use,
M a i n t e n e n c e , a n d Op e r a t i o n o f P o w -
er ed In du st r ia l T r u ck s, IBR a ppr oved
fo r § 1910.110(e )(2)(i v ).
(31) N F P A 566–1965 S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
I n s t a l l a t i o n o f B u l k Ox y g e n S y s t e m s
a t Co n s u m e r S i t e s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§§ 1910.253 (b )(4)(i v ) a n d (c )(2)(v ).
(32) N F P A 656–1959 Co d e fo r t h e P r e -
ven t ion of Du st Ign it ion in S pice
G r i n d i n g P l a n t s , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.263(k )(2)(i ).
(33) N F P A 1971–1975 P r o t e c t i v e Cl o t h -
i n g fo r S t r u c t u r a l F i r e F i g h t i n g , I B R
a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.156(e )(3)(i i ) i n t r o d u c -
t or y t ext .
(r ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e N a t i o n a l
F o o d P l a n t I n s t i t u t e , 1700 K S t . N W.,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20006:
(1) D e fi n i t i o n a n d T e s t P r o c e d u r e s fo r
A m m o n i u m N i t r a t e F e r t i l i ze r (N o v .
1964), I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.109 T a b l e
H –22, ft n . 3.
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(s ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e N a t i o n a l I n -
s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d
H e a l t h (N I OS H ):
(1) R e g i s t r y o f T o x i c E ffe c t s o f Ch e m -
i c a l S u b s t a n c e s , 1978, I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.20(c )(13)(i ) a n d a p p e n d i x B .
(2) D e v e l o p m e n t o f Cr i t e r i a fo r F i r e
F igh t er s Gloves; Vol. II, P a r t II; T est
M e t h o d s , 1976, I B R a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.156(e )(4)(i ) i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t .
(3) N I OS H R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r Oc -
c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h S t a n d -
a r d s (S e p t . 1987), I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.120 P E L d e fi n i t i o n .
(t ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e P u b l i c
Hea lt h S er vice:
(1) U .S . P h a r m a c o p e i a , I B R a p p r o v e d
fo r § 1910.134(d )(1).
(2) P u b l i c a t i o n N o . 934 (1962), F o o d
S er vice S a n it a t ion Or d i n a n c e a n d
Co d e , P a r t V o f t h e F o o d S e r v i c e S a n i -
t a t i o n M a n u a l , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.142(i )(1).
(u ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e S o c i e t y o f
99
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§ 1910.6
A u t o m o t i v e E n g i n e e r s (S A E ), 485 L e x -
i n g t o n A v e n u e , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10017:
(1) S A E J 185, J u n e 1988, R e c -
o m m e n d e d P r a c t i c e fo r A c c e s s S y s t e m s
fo r Off-R o a d M a c h i n e s , I B R a p p r o v e d
fo r § 1910.266(f)(5)(i ).
(2) S A E J 231, J a n u a r y 1981, M i n i m u m
P e r fo r m a n c e Cr i t e r i a fo r F a l l i n g Ob -
j e c t P r o t e c t i v e S t r u c t u r e (F OP S ), I B R
a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.266(f)(3)(i i ).
(3) S A E J 386, J u n e 1985, Op e r a t o r R e -
s t r a i n t S y s t e m s fo r Off-R o a d Wo r k M a -
ch in es, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.266(d )(3)(i v ).
(4) S A E J 397, A p r i l 1988, D e fl e c t i o n
L i m i t i n g V o l u m e -R OP S /F OP S L a b o r a -
t o r y E v a l u a t i o n , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.266(f)(3)(i v ).
(5) S A E 765 (1961) S A E R e c o m m e n d e d
P r a c t i c e : Cr a n e L o a d i n g S t a b i l i t y T e s t
Co d e , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r § 1910.180
(c )(1)(i i i ) a n d (e )(2)(i i i )(a ).
(6) S A E J 1040, A p r i l 1988, P e r fo r m -
a n c e Cr i t e r i a fo r R o l l o v e r P r o t e c t i v e
S t r u c t u r e s (R OP S ) fo r Co n s t r u c t i o n ,
E a r t h m ovin g, F or est r y a n d Min in g Ma -
ch in es, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.266(f)(3)(i i ).
(v ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e F e r t i l i ze r
I n s t i t u t e , 1015 18t h S t r e e t N W, Wa s h -
i n g t o n , D C 20036:
(1) S t a n d a r d M –1 (1953, 1955, 1957, 1960,
1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968), S u p e r -
s e d e d b y A N S I K 61.1–1972, I B R a p p r o v e d
fo r § 1910.111(b )(1) (i ) a n d (i i i ).
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(w ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l -
a b l e fo r p u r c h a s e fr o m U n d e r w r i t e r s
L a b o r a t o r i e s (U L ), 207 E a s t Oh i o
S t r e e t , Ch i c a g o , I L 60611:
(1) U L 58–61 S t e e l U n d e r g r o u n d T a n k s
fo r F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m b u s t i b l e L i q -
u i d s , 5t h E d ., I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.106(b )(1)(i i i )(a )(1).
(2) U L 80–63 S t e e l I n s i d e T a n k s fo r
Oi l -B u r n e r F u e l , I B R a p p r o v e d fo r
§ 1910.106(b )(1)(i i i )(a )(1).
(3) U L 142–68 S t e e l A b o v e G r o u n d
T a n k s fo r F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m b u s t i b l e
L iqu ids, IBR a ppr oved fo r
§ 1910.106(b )(1)(i i i )(a )(1).
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 49
F R 5321, F e b . 10, 1984; 61 F R 9231, M a r . 7, 1996;
64 F R 13908, M a r . 23, 1999; 69 F R 18803, A p r . 9,
2004; 70 F R 53929, S e p t . 13, 2005]
E F F E CT I V E D A T E N OT E : A t 72 F R 7190, F e b .
14, 2007, § 1910.6 w a s a m e n d e d b y r e v i s i n g t h e
i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t t o p a r a g r a p h (e ), r e m o v i n g
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.7
a n d r e s e r v i n g p a r a g r a p h (e )(33), r e v i s i n g t h e
i n t r o d u c t o r y t e x t t o p a r a g r a p h (q ), a n d r e -
m o v i n g a n d r e s e r v i n g p a r a g r a p h (q )(16), e f-
fe c t i v e A u g . 13, 2007. F o r t h e c o n v e n i e n c e o f
t h e u s e r , t h e r e v i s e d t e x t i s s e t fo r t h a s fo l -
lows:
§ 1910.6 Incorporation by reference.
* * * * * a n ce wit h t h e t est st a n da r ds; a n d
(e ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l a b l e fo r
p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d -
a r d s I n s t i t u t e (A N S I ), 25 We s t 43r d S t r e e t ,
F o u r t h F l o o r , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10036:
* * * * * pen den t of em ploy er s su bject t o t h e
(q ) T h e fo l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l i s a v a i l a b l e fo r
p u r c h a s e fr o m t h e N a t i o n a l F i r e P r o t e c t i o n
A s s o c i a t i o n (N F P A ), 1 B a t t e r y m a r c h P a r k ,
Qu i n c y , M A 02269:
* * * * * p r o c e d u r e s fo r :
§ 1910.7 Definition and requirements
for a nationally recognized testing
laboratory.
(a ) A p p lica t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l
a p p l y o n l y w h e n t h e t e r m n a t ion a lly
recogn iz ed t est in g la bora t ory i s u s e d i n
ot h er sect ion s of t h is pa r t .
(b ) L a bora t ory requ irem en t s. T h e t e r m
n a t ion a lly recogn iz ed t est in g la bora t ory
(N R T L ) m e a n s a n o r g a n i za t i o n w h i c h
i s r e c o g n i ze d b y OS H A i n a c c o r d a n c e
wit h a ppen dix A of t h is sect ion a n d
w h i c h t e s t s fo r s a fe t y , a n d l i s t s o r l a -
bels or a ccept s, equ ipm en t or m a t er ia ls
a n d w h i c h m e e t s a l l o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
cr it er ia :
(1) F o r e a c h s p e c i fi e d i t e m o f e q u i p -
m en t or m a t er ia l t o be list ed, la beled
or a ccept ed, t h e NR T L h a s t h e ca pa -
b i l i t y (i n c l u d i n g p r o p e r t e s t i n g e q u i p -
m e n t a n d fa c i l i t i e s , t r a i n e d s t a ff, w r i t -
t en t est in g pr ocedu r es, a n d ca libr a t ion
a n d qu a lit y con t r ol pr ogr a m s) t o per -
fo r m :
(i ) T e s t i n g a n d e x a m i n i n g o f e q u i p -
m e n t a n d m a t e r i a l s fo r w o r k p l a c e s a fe -
t y p u r p o s e s t o d e t e r m i n e c o n fo r m a n c e
wit h a ppr opr ia t e t est st a n da r ds; or
(i i ) E x p e r i m e n t a l t e s t i n g a n d e x a m -
i n i n g o f e q u i p m e n t a n d m a t e r i a l s fo r
w o r k p l a c e s a fe t y p u r p o s e s t o d e t e r -
m i n e c o n fo r m a n c e w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e
t e s t s t a n d a r d s o r p e r fo r m a n c e i n a
s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r .
(2) T h e N R T L s h a l l p r o v i d e , t o t h e
e x t e n t n e e d e d fo r t h e p a r t i c u l a r e q u i p -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m en t or m a t er ia ls list ed, la beled, or
100
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a c c e p t e d , t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n t r o l s o r
ser vices:
(i ) I m p l e m e n t s c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s fo r
i d e n t i fy i n g t h e l i s t e d a n d l a b e l e d
equ ipm en t or m a t er ia ls;
(i i ) I n s p e c t s t h e r u n o f p r o d u c t i o n o f
s u c h i t e m s a t fa c t o r i e s fo r p r o d u c t
e v a l u a t i o n p u r p o s e s t o a s s u r e c o n fo r m -
(i i i ) Co n d u c t s fi e l d i n s p e c t i o n s t o
m on it or a n d t o a ssu r e t h e pr oper u se of
i t s i d e n t i fy i n g m a r k o r l a b e l s o n p r o d -
u ct s;
(3) T h e N R T L i s c o m p l e t e l y i n d e -
t est ed equ ipm en t r equ ir em en t s, a n d of
a n y m a n u fa c t u r e r s o r v e n d o r s o f e q u i p -
m e n t o r m a t e r i a l s b e i n g t e s t e d fo r
t h ese pu r poses; a n d,
(4) T h e N R T L m a i n t a i n s e ffe c t i v e
(i ) P r o d u c i n g c r e d i t a b l e fi n d i n g s o r
r epor t s t h a t a r e object ive a n d wit h ou t
bia s; a n d
(i i ) H a n d l i n g c o m p l a i n t s a n d d i s p u t e s
u n d e r a fa i r a n d r e a s o n a b l e s y s t e m .
(c ) T est st a n d a rd s. A n a p p rop ria t e t est
st a n d a rd r e fe r r e d t o i n § 1910.7(b )(1) (i )
a n d (i i ) i s a d o c u m e n t w h i c h s p e c i fi e s
t h e s a fe t y r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r s p e c i fi c
equ ipm en t or cla ss of equ ipm en t a n d is:
(1) R e c o g n i ze d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s
a s a s a fe t y s t a n d a r d p r o v i d i n g a n a d e -
q u a t e l e v e l o f s a fe t y , a n d
(2) Co m p a t i b l e w i t h a n d m a i n t a i n e d
cu r r en t wit h per iodic r evision s of a p-
plica ble n a t ion a l codes a n d in st a lla t ion
st a n da r ds, a n d
(3) D e v e l o p e d b y a s t a n d a r d s d e v e l -
o p i n g o r g a n i za t i o n u n d e r a m e t h o d p r o -
v i d i n g fo r i n p u t a n d c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f
views of in du st r y gr ou ps, exper t s,
u ser s, con su m er s, gover n m en t a l a u -
t h or it ies, a n d ot h er s h a vin g br oa d ex-
p e r i e n c e i n t h e s a fe t y fi e l d i n v o l v e d , o r
(4) I n l i e u o f p a r a g r a p h s (c ) (1), (2),
a n d (3), t h e s t a n d a r d i s c u r r e n t l y d e s -
ign a t ed a s a n Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n d a r d s I n s t i t u t e (A N S I ) s a fe t y -d e s -
ign a t ed pr odu ct st a n da r d or a n Am er -
i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e r i a l s
(A S T M ) t e s t s t a n d a r d u s e d fo r e v a l u a -
t ion of pr odu ct s or m a t er ia ls.
(d ) A lt ern a t iv e t est st a n d a rd . I f a t e s t -
in g la bor a t or y desir es t o u se a t est
st a n da r d ot h er t h a n on e a llowed u n der
p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e n t h e
Assist a n t S ecr et a r y of L a bor sh a ll
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.7

eva lu a t e t h e pr oposed st a n da r d t o de- or a dm in ist er t h e a ct ivit ies cover ed by

t er m in e t h a t it pr ovides a n a dequ a t e
l e v e l o f s a fe t y b e fo r e i t i s u s e d .
(e ) I m p lem en t a t ion . A t e s t i n g o r g a n i -
za t i o n d e s i r i n g r e c o g n i t i o n b y OS H A a s
a n N R T L s h a l l r e q u e s t t h a t OS H A
eva lu a t e it s t est in g a n d con t r ol pr o-
gr a m s a ga in st t h e r equ ir em en t s in t h is
s e c t i o n fo r a n y e q u i p m e n t o r m a t e r i a l
i t m a y s p e c i fy . T h e r e c o g n i t i o n p r o c e -
du r e sh a ll be con du ct ed in a ccor da n ce
wit h a ppen dix A t o t h is sect ion .
(f) F ees. (1) E a c h a p p l i c a n t fo r N R T L
r ecogn it ion a n d ea ch NR T L m u st pa y
fe e s fo r s e r v i c e s p r o v i d e d b y OS H A .
OS H A w i l l a s s e s s fe e s fo r t h e fo l l o w i n g
ser vices:
(i ) P r o c e s s i n g o f a p p l i c a t i o n s fo r i n i -
t ia l r ecogn it ion , expa n sion of r ecogn i-
t ion , or r en ewa l of r ecogn it ion , in clu d-
i n g o n -s i t e r e v i e w s ; r e v i e w a n d e v a l u a -
t ion of t h e a pplica t ion s; a n d pr epa r a -
t i on of r e por t s, e va l u a t i on s a n d F E D-
E R AL R E GIS T E R n ot i c e s; a n d
(i i ) A u d i t s o f s i t e s .
(2) T h e fe e s c h e d u l e e s t a b l i s h e d b y
OS H A r e fl e c t s t h e c o s t o f p e r fo r m i n g
t h e a c t i v i t i e s fo r e a c h s e r v i c e l i s t e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (f)(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . OS H A
c a l c u l a t e s t h e fe e s b a s e d o n e i t h e r t h e
a ver a ge or a ct u a l t im e r equ ir ed t o per -
fo r m t h e w o r k n e c e s s a r y ; t h e s t a ff
c o s t s p e r h o u r (w h i c h i n c l u d e w a g e s ,
fr i n g e b e n e fi t s , a n d e x p e n s e s o t h e r
t h a n t r a v e l fo r p e r s o n n e l t h a t p e r fo r m
Approximate dates
t h e fe e s ); a n d t h e a v e r a g e o r a c t u a l
c o s t s fo r t r a v e l w h e n o n -s i t e r e v i e w s
a r e i n v o l v e d . T h e fo r m u l a fo r t h e fe e
c a l c u l a t i o n i s a s fo l l o w s :
A c t i v i t y F e e = [A v e r a g e (o r A c t u a l )
H o u r s t o Co m p l e t e t h e A c t i v i t y ×
S t a ff Co s t s p e r H o u r ] + A v e r a g e (o r
A c t u a l ) T r a v e l Co s t s
(3) (i ) OS H A w i l l r e v i e w c o s t s a n n u -
a l l y a n d w i l l p r o p o s e a r e v i s e d fe e
sch edu le, if wa r r a n t ed. In it s r eview,
OS H A w i l l a p p l y t h e fo r m u l a e s t a b -
l i s h e d i n p a r a g r a p h (f)(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
t o t h e c u r r e n t e s t i m a t e d c o s t s fo r t h e
NR T L P r ogr a m . If a ch a n ge is wa r -
r a n t e d , OS H A w i l l fo l l o w t h e i m p l e -
m e n t a t i o n t a b l e i n p a r a g r a p h (f)(4) o f
t h is sect ion .
(i i ) OS H A w i l l p u b l i s h a l l fe e s c h e d -
u l e s i n t h e F E D E R A L R E G I S T E R . On c e
p u b l i s h e d , a fe e s c h e d u l e r e m a i n s i n e f-
fe c t u n t i l i t i s s u p e r s e d e d b y a n e w fe e
sch edu le. An y m em ber of t h e pu blic
m a y r e q u e s t a c h a n g e t o t h e fe e s i n -
c l u d e d i n t h e c u r r e n t fe e s c h e d u l e .
S u ch a r equ est m u st in clu de a ppr o-
pr ia t e docu m en t a t ion in su ppor t of t h e
s u g g e s t e d c h a n g e . OS H A w i l l c o n s i d e r
su ch r equ est s du r in g it s a n n u a l r eview
o f t h e fe e s c h e d u l e .
(4) OS H A w i l l i m p l e m e n t fe e a s s e s s -
m e n t , c o l l e c t i o n , a n d p a y m e n t a s fo l -
lows:
Action required

I. Annual Review of Fee Schedule

November 1 .............................. OSHA will publish any proposed new Fee Schedule in the Federal Register, if OSHA deter-
mines changes in the schedule are warranted.
November 16 ............................ Comments due on the proposed new Fee Schedule.
December 15 ............................ OSHA will publish the final Fee Schedule in the Federal Register, making it effective.

II. Application Processing Fees

Time of application ................... Applicant must pay the applicable fees shown in the Fee Schedule when submitting the appli-
cation; OSHA will not begin processing until fees are received.
Publication of preliminary notice Applicant must pay remainder of fees; OSHA cancels application if fees are not paid when
due.

III. Audit Fees

After audit performed ................
30 days after bill date ...............
45 days after bill date ...............
60 days after bill date ...............
OSHA will bill each existing NRTL for the audit fees in effect at the time of audit, but will re-
flect actual travel costs and staff time in the bill.
NRTLs must pay audit fees; OSHA will assess late fee if audit fees are not paid.
OSHA will send a letter to the NRTL requesting immediate payment of the audit fees and late
fee
OSHA will publish a notice in the Federal Register announcing its intent to revoke recognition
for NRTLs that have not paid these audit fees.

(5) OS H A w i l l p r o v i d e d e t a i l s a b o u t pr ia t e OS H A P r ogr a m Dir ect ives,

rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

h o w t o p a y t h e fe e s t h r o u g h a p p r o -

101

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00111 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.7
w h i c h w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e o n t h e OS H A
web sit e.
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.7—OS H A R E COG N I T I ON
P R OCE S S F OR N A T I ON A L L Y R E COG N I Z E D
T E S T I N G L A B OR A T OR I E S
I N T R OD U CT I ON
T h is a ppen dix pr ovides r equ ir em en t s a n d
c r i t e r i a w h i c h OS H A w i l l u s e t o e v a l u a t e a n d
r e c o g n i ze a N a t i o n a l l y R e c o g n i ze d T e s t i n g
L a b o r a t o r y (N R T L ). T h i s p r o c e s s w i l l i n -
clu de t h e eva lu a t ion of t h e pr odu ct eva lu a -
t ion a n d con t r ol pr ogr a m s bein g oper a t ed by
t h e N R T L , a s w e l l a s t h e N R T L ’s t e s t i n g fa -
cilit ies bein g u sed in it s pr ogr a m . In t h e
e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e N R T L s , OS H A w i l l u s e e i -
t h e r c o n s e n s u s -b a s e d s t a n d a r d s c u r r e n t l y i n
u se n a t ion a lly , or ot h er st a n da r ds or cr it er ia
wh ich m a y be con sider ed a ppr opr ia t e. T h is
a p p e n d i x i m p l e m e n t s t h e d e fi n i t i o n o f N R T L
i n 29 CF R 1910.7 w h i c h s e t s o u t t h e c r i t e r i a
t h a t a la bor a t or y m u st m eet t o be r ecog-
n i ze d b y OS H A (i n i t i a l l y a n d o n a c o n t i n u i n g
b a s i s ). T h e a p p e n d i x i s b r o a d e r i n s c o p e , p r o -
v i d i n g p r o c e d u r e s fo r r e n e w a l , e x p a n s i o n a n d
r e v o c a t i o n o f OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n . E x c e p t a s
ot h er wise pr ovided, t h e bu r den is on t h e a p-
plica n t t o est a blish by a pr epon der a n ce of
t h e eviden ce t h a t it is en t it led t o r ecogn i-
t i o n a s a n N R T L . I f fu r t h e r d e t a i l i n g o f t h e s e
r equ ir em en t s a n d cr it er ia will a ssist t h e
N R T L s o r OS H A i n t h i s a c t i v i t y , t h i s d e t a i l -
i n g w i l l b e d o n e t h r o u g h a p p r o p r i a t e OS H A
P r ogr a m Dir ect ives.
I . P roced u res f or I n it ia l O S H A R ecogn it ion
A. Applica t ion s.
1. E ligibilit y . a . A n y t e s t i n g a g e n c y o r o r g a -
n i za t i o n c o n s i d e r i n g i t s e l f t o m e e t t h e d e fi -
n i t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b -
o r a t o r y a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.7 m a y a p p l y fo r
OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n a s a n N R T L .
b . H o w e v e r , i n d e t e r m i n i n g e l i g i b i l i t y fo r a
fo r e i g n -b a s e d t e s t i n g a g e n c y o r o r g a n i za t i o n ,
OS H A s h a l l t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h e p o l -
i c y o f t h e fo r e i g n g o v e r n m e n t r e g a r d i n g b o t h
t h e a ccept a n ce in t h a t cou n t r y of t est in g
da t a , equ ipm en t a ccept a n ces, a n d list in gs,
a n d la belin g, wh ich a r e pr ovided t h r ou gh n a -
t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r i e s r e c -
o g n i ze d b y t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y , a n d t h e
a ccessibilit y t o gover n m en t r ecogn it ion or a
s i m i l a r s y s t e m i n t h a t c o u n t r y b y U .S .-b a s e d
s a fe t y -r e l a t e d t e s t i n g a g e n c i e s , w h e t h e r r e c -
o g n i ze d b y t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o r n o t , i f
su ch r ecogn it ion or a sim ila r sy st em is r e-
qu ir ed by t h a t cou n t r y .
2. Con t en t of a p p lica t ion . a . T h e a p p l i c a n t
s h a l l p r o v i d e s u ffi c i e n t i n fo r m a t i o n a n d d e -
t a il dem on st r a t in g t h a t it m eet s t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s s e t fo r t h i n § 1910.7, i n o r d e r fo r a n i n -
fo r m e d d e c i s i o n c o n c e r n i n g r e c o g n i t i o n t o b e
m a de by t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y .
b . T h e a p p l i c a n t a l s o s h a l l i d e n t i fy t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s c o p e o f t h e N R T L -r e l a t e d a c t i v i t y fo r w h i c h
102
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00112 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t h e a p p l i c a n t w i s h e s t o b e r e c o g n i ze d . T h i s
w i l l i n c l u d e i d e n t i fy i n g t h e t e s t i n g m e t h o d s
i t w i l l u s e t o t e s t o r j u d g e t h e s p e c i fi c e q u i p -
m e n t a n d m a t e r i a l s fo r w h i c h r e c o g n i t i o n i s
bein g r equ est ed, u n less su ch t est m et h ods
a r e a l r e a d y s p e c i fi e d i n t h e t e s t s t a n d a r d . I f
r e q u e s t e d t o d o s o b y OS H A , t h e a p p l i c a n t
s h a l l p r o v i d e d o c u m e n t a t i o n o f t h e e ffi c a c y
of t h ese t est in g m et h ods.
c. T h e a pplica n t m a y in clu de wh a t ever en -
closu r es, a t t a ch m en t s, or exh ibit s t h e a ppli-
ca n t deem s a ppr opr ia t e. T h e a pplica t ion
n e e d n o t b e s u b m i t t e d o n a F e d e r a l fo r m .
3. F ilin g of f ice loca t ion . T h e a p p l i c a t i o n
s h a l l b e fi l e d w i t h : N R T L R e c o g n i t i o n P r o -
g r a m , Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A d -
m i n i s t r a t i o n , U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , 200
Co n s t i t u t i o n A v e n u e , N W., Wa s h i n g t o n , D C
20210.
4. A m en d m en t s a n d w it h d ra w a ls. a . A n a p p l i -
ca t ion m a y be r evised by a n a pplica n t a t a n y
t im e pr ior t o t h e com plet ion of a ct ivit y
u n d e r p a r a g r a p h I .B .4. o f t h i s a p p e n d i x .
b. An a pplica t ion m a y be wit h dr a wn by a n
a pplica n t , wit h ou t pr eju dice, a t a n y t im e
p r i o r t o t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n b y t h e A s s i s t a n t
S e c r e t a r y i n p a r a g r a p h I .B .7.c . o f t h i s a p p e n -
dix.
B. R eview a n d Decision P r ocess; Issu a n ce or
R en ewa l.
1. A ccep t a n ce a n d on -sit e rev iew . a . A p p l i c a -
t ion s su bm it t ed by eligible t est in g a gen cies
w i l l b e a c c e p t e d b y OS H A , a n d t h e i r r e c e i p t
a c k n o w l e d g e d i n w r i t i n g . A ft e r r e c e i p t o f a n
a p p l i c a t i o n , OS H A m a y r e q u e s t a d d i t i o n a l
i n fo r m a t i o n i f i t b e l i e v e s i n fo r m a t i o n r e l -
e v a n t t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r r e c o g n i t i o n
h a s been om it t ed.
b . OS H A s h a l l , a s n e c e s s a r y , c o n d u c t a n
o n -s i t e r e v i e w o f t h e t e s t i n g fa c i l i t i e s o f t h e
a p p l i c a n t , a s w e l l a s t h e a p p l i c a n t ’s a d m i n i s -
t r a t ive a n d t ech n ica l pr a ct ices, a n d, if n ec-
essa r y , r eview a n y a ddit ion a l docu m en t a t ion
u n der ly in g t h e a pplica t ion .
c . T h e s e o n -s i t e r e v i e w s w i l l b e c o n d u c t e d
b y q u a l i fi e d i n d i v i d u a l s t e c h n i c a l l y e x p e r t i n
t h ese m a t t er s, in clu din g, a s a ppr opr ia t e,
n o n -F e d e r a l c o n s u l t a n t s /c o n t r a c t o r s a c c e p t -
a b l e t o OS H A . T h e p r o t o c o l fo r e a c h r e v i e w
will be ba sed on a ppr opr ia t e n a t ion a l con -
sen su s st a n da r ds or in t er n a t ion a l gu ides,
wit h su ch a ddit ion s, ch a n ges, or delet ion s a s
m a y be con sider ed n ecessa r y a n d a ppr opr ia t e
i n e a c h c a s e b y OS H A . A w r i t t e n r e p o r t s h a l l
b e m a d e o f e a c h o n -s i t e r e v i e w a n d a c o p y
sh a ll be pr ovided t o t h e a pplica n t .
2. P osit iv e f in d in g by st a f f . I f, a ft e r r e v i e w o f
t h e a p p l i c a t i o n , a n d a d d i t i o n a l i n fo r m a t i o n ,
a n d t h e o n -s i t e r e v i e w r e p o r t , t h e a p p l i c a n t
a p p e a r s t o h a v e m e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
r ecogn it ion , a wr it t en r ecom m en da t ion sh a ll
b e s u b m i t t e d b y t h e r e s p o n s i b l e OS H A p e r -
son n el t o t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y t h a t t h e
a pplica t ion be a ppr oved, a ccom pa n ied by a
su ppor t in g expla n a t ion .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
3. N ega t iv e f in d in g by st a f f .—a . N ot if ica t ion
t o a p p lica n t . I f, a ft e r r e v i e w o f t h e a p p l i c a -
t i o n , a n y a d d i t i o n a l i n fo r m a t i o n a n d t h e o n -
sit e r eview r epor t , t h e a pplica n t does n ot a p-
p e a r t o h a v e m e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r r e c -
o g n i t i o n , t h e r e s p o n s i b l e OS H A p e r s o n n e l
s h a l l n o t i fy t h e a p p l i c a n t i n w r i t i n g , l i s t i n g
t h e s p e c i fi c r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.7 a n d t h i s
a ppen dix wh ich t h e a pplica n t h a s n ot m et ,
a n d a l l o w a r e a s o n a b l e p e r i o d fo r r e s p o n s e .
b . R ev ision of a p p lica t ion . (i ) A ft e r r e c e i p t o f
a n o t i fi c a t i o n o f n e g a t i v e fi n d i n g (i .e ., fo r i n -
t e n d e d d i s a p p r o v a l o f t h e a p p l i c a t i o n ), a n d
wit h in t h e r espon se per iod pr ovided, t h e a p-
plica n t m a y :
(a ) S u b m i t a r e v i s e d a p p l i c a t i o n fo r fu r t h e r
r e v i e w , w h i c h c o u l d r e s u l t i n a p o s i t i v e fi n d -
i n g b y t h e r e s p o n s i b l e OS H A p e r s o n n e l p u r -
s u a n t t o s u b s e c t i o n I .B .2. o f t h i s a p p e n d i x ; o r
(b) R e q u e s t t h a t t h e o r i g i n a l a p p l i c a t i o n b e
su bm it t ed t o t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y wit h
a n a t t a ch ed st a t em en t of r ea son s, su pplied
by t h e a pplica n t of wh y t h e a pplica t ion
sh ou ld be a ppr oved.
(i i ) T h i s p r o c e d u r e fo r a p p l i c a n t n o t i fi c a -
t ion a n d pot en t ia l r evision sh a ll be u sed on ly
on ce du r in g ea ch r ecogn it ion pr ocess.
4. P relim in a ry f in d in g by A ssist a n t S ecret a ry .
a . T h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y , or a specia l des-
i g n e e fo r t h i s p u r p o s e , w i l l m a k e a p r e l i m i -
n a r y fi n d i n g a s t o w h e t h e r t h e a p p l i c a n t h a s
o r h a s n o t m e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r r e c o g n i -
t i o n , b a s e d o n t h e c o m p l e t e d a p p l i c a t i o n fi l e ,
t h e w r i t t e n s t a ff r e c o m m e n d a t i o n , a n d t h e
st a t em en t of r ea son s su pplied by t h e a ppli-
c a n t i f t h e r e r e m a i n s a s t a ff r e c o m m e n d a -
t ion of disa ppr ova l.
b . N o t i fi c a t i o n o f t h i s p r e l i m i n a r y fi n d i n g
will be sen t t o t h e a pplica n t a n d su bse-
qu e n t l y pu bl i sh e d i n t h e F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R .
c . T h i s p r e l i m i n a r y fi n d i n g s h a l l n o t b e
c o n s i d e r e d a n o ffi c i a l d e c i s i o n b y t h e A s s i s t -
a n t S e c r e t a r y o r OS H A , a n d d o e s n o t c o n fe r
a n y ch a n ge in st a t u s or a n y in t er im or t em -
p o r a r y r e c o g n i t i o n fo r t h e a p p l i c a n t .
5. P u blic rev iew a n d com m en t p eriod —a . T h e
F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R n ot i c e of pr e l i m i n a r y
fi n d i n g w i l l p r o v i d e a p e r i o d o f n o t l e s s t h a n
30 c a l e n d a r d a y s fo r w r i t t e n c o m m e n t s o n
t h e a p p l i c a n t ’s fu l fi l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r r e c o g n i t i o n . T h e a p p l i c a t i o n , s u p -
p o r t i n g d o c u m e n t s , s t a ff r e c o m m e n d a t i o n ,
s t a t e m e n t o f a p p l i c a n t ’s r e a s o n s , a n d a n y
c o m m e n t s r e c e i v e d , w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e fo r p u b -
l i c i n s p e c t i o n i n t h e OS H A D o c k e t Offi c e .
b. An y m em ber of t h e pu blic, in clu din g t h e
a pplica n t , m a y su pply det a iled r ea son s a n d
e v i d e n c e s u p p o r t i n g o r c h a l l e n g i n g t h e s u ffi -
c i e n c y o f t h e a p p l i c a n t ’s h a v i n g m e t t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e d e fi n i t i o n i n 29 CF R
§ 1910.7 a n d t h i s a p p e n d i x . S u b m i s s i o n o f p e r -
t in en t docu m en t s a n d exh ibit s sh a ll be m a de
in wr it in g by t h e close of t h e com m en t pe-
r iod.
6. A ct ion a f t er p u blic com m en t —a . F in a l d eci-
sion by A ssist a n t S ecret a ry . Wh e r e t h e p u b l i c
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r eview a n d com m en t r ecor d su ppor t s t h e As-
103
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00113 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.7
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y ’s p r e l i m i n a r y fi n d i n g c o n -
c e r n i n g t h e a p p l i c a t i o n , i .e ., a b s e n t a n y s e r i -
ou s object ion s or su bst a n t ive cla im s con -
t r a r y t o t h e p r e l i m i n a r y fi n d i n g h a v i n g b e e n
r e c e i v e d i n w r i t i n g fr o m t h e p u b l i c d u r i n g
t h e com m en t per iod, t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y
w i l l p r o c e e d t o fi n a l w r i t t e n d e c i s i o n o n t h e
a pplica t ion . T h e r ea son s su ppor t in g t h is de-
c i s i o n s h a l l b e d e r i v e d fr o m t h e e v i d e n c e
a v a i l a b l e a s a r e s u l t o f t h e fu l l a p p l i c a t i o n ,
t h e s u p p o r t i n g d o c u m e n t a t i o n , t h e s t a ff fi n d -
in g, a n d t h e wr it t en com m en t s a n d eviden ce
pr esen t ed du r in g t h e pu blic r eview a n d com -
m en t per iod.
b . P u blic a n n ou n cem en t . A c o p y o f t h e A s -
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y ’s fi n a l d e c i s i o n w i l l b e p r o -
vided t o t h e a pplica n t . S u bsequ en t ly , a n ot i-
fi c a t i o n o f t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n s h a l l b e p u b -
l i sh e d i n t h e F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R . T h e pu bl i -
c a t i o n d a t e w i l l b e t h e e ffe c t i v e d a t e o f t h e
r ecogn it ion .
c . R ev iew of f in a l d ecision . T h e r e w i l l b e n o
fu r t h e r r e v i e w a c t i v i t y a v a i l a b l e w i t h i n t h e
D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r fr o m t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n
of t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y .
7. A ct ion a f t er p u blic object ion —a . R ev iew of
n ega t iv e in f orm a t ion . A t t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e
A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o r h i s d e s i g n e e , OS H A
m a y a u t h o r i ze F e d e r a l o r c o n t r a c t p e r s o n n e l
t o i n i t i a t e a s p e c i a l r e v i e w o f a n y i n fo r m a -
t ion pr ovided in t h e pu blic com m en t r ecor d
w h i c h a p p e a r s t o r e q u i r e r e s o l u t i o n , b e fo r e a
fi n a l d e c i s i o n c a n b e m a d e .
b . S u p p lem en t a t ion of record . T h e c o n t e n t s
a n d r esu lt s of specia l r eviews will be m a de
pa r t of t h is r ecor d by t h e Assist a n t S ec-
r et a r y by eit h er :
(i ) R e o p e n i n g t h e w r i t t e n c o m m e n t p e r i o d
fo r p u b l i c c o m m e n t s o n t h e s e r e v i e w s ; o r
(i i ) Co n v e n i n g a n i n fo r m a l h e a r i n g t o a c -
cept pu blic com m en t s on t h ese r eviews, con -
d u c t e d u n d e r a p p l i c a b l e OS H A p r o c e d u r e s fo r
sim ila r h ea r in gs.
c . F in a l d ecision by t h e A ssist a n t S ecret a ry .
T h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y sh a ll issu e a deci-
sion a s t o wh et h er it h a s been dem on st r a t ed,
ba sed on a pr epon der a n ce of t h e eviden ce,
t h a t t h e a pplica n t m eet s t h e r equ ir em en t s
fo r r e c o g n i t i o n . T h e r e a s o n s s u p p o r t i n g t h i s
d e c i s i o n s h a l l b e d e r i v e d fr o m t h e e v i d e n c e
a v a i l a b l e a s a r e s u l t o f t h e fu l l a p p l i c a t i o n ,
t h e s u p p o r t i n g d o c u m e n t a t i o n , t h e s t a ff fi n d -
in g, t h e com m en t s a n d eviden ce pr esen t ed
du r in g t h e pu blic r eview a n d com m en t pe-
r iod, a n d wr it t en t o t r a n scr ibed eviden ce r e-
ceived du r in g a n y su bsequ en t r eopen in g of
t h e w r i t t e n c o m m e n t p e r i o d o r i n fo r m a l p u b -
lic h ea r in g h eld.
d . P u blic a n n ou n cem en t . A c o p y o f t h e A s -
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y ’s fi n a l d e c i s i o n w i l l b e p r o -
v i d e d t o t h e a p p l i c a n t , a n d a n o t i fi c a t i o n
wi l l be pu bl i sh e d i n t h e F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R
su bsequ en t ly a n n ou n cin g t h e decision .
e . R ev iew of f in a l d ecision . T h e r e w i l l b e n o
fu r t h e r r e v i e w a c t i v i t y a v a i l a b l e w i t h i n t h e
D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r fr o m t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n
of t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.7
c . T erm s a n d con d it ion s of recogn it ion . T h e
fo l l o w i n g t e r m s a n d c o n d i t i o n s s h a l l b e p a r t
of ever y r ecogn it ion :
1. L et t er of recogn it ion . T h e r e c o g n i t i o n b y
OS H A o f a n y N R T L w i l l b e e v i d e n c e d b y a
l e t t e r o f r e c o g n i t i o n fr o m OS H A . T h e l e t t e r
w i l l p r o v i d e t h e s p e c i fi c d e t a i l s o f t h e s c o p e
o f t h e OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n , i n c l u d i n g t h e s p e -
c i fi c e q u i p m e n t o r m a t e r i a l s fo r w h i c h OS H A
r ecogn it ion h a s been gr a n t ed, a s well a s a n y
s p e c i fi c c o n d i t i o n s i m p o s e d b y OS H A .
2. P eriod of recogn it ion . T h e r e c o g n i t i o n b y
OS H A o f e a c h N R T L w i l l b e v a l i d fo r fi v e
y e a r s , u n l e s s t e r m i n a t e d b e fo r e t h e e x p i r a -
t ion of t h e per iod. T h e da t es of t h e per iod of
r ecogn it ion will be st a t ed in t h e r ecogn it ion
let t er .
3. Con st a n cy in op era t ion s. T h e r e c o g n i ze d
N R T L s h a l l c o n t i n u e t o s a t i s fy a l l t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s or lim it a t ion s in t h e let t er of
r ecogn it ion du r in g t h e per iod of r ecogn it ion .
4. A ccu ra t e p u blicit y . T h e OS H A -r e c o g n i ze d
NR T L sh a ll n ot en ga ge in or per m it ot h er s
t o en ga ge in m isr epr esen t a t ion of t h e scope
or con dit ion s of it s r ecogn it ion .
5. T em p ora ry R ecogn it ion of Cert a in N R T L s.
a . Not wit h st a n din g a ll ot h er r equ ir em en t s
a n d p r o v i s i o n s o f § 1910.7 a n d t h i s a p p e n d i x ,
t h e fo l l o w i n g t w o o r g a n i za t i o n s a r e r e c o g -
n i ze d t e m p o r a r i l y a s n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t est in g la bor a t or ies by t h e Assist a n t S ec-
r e t a r y fo r a p e r i o d o f fi v e y e a r s b e g i n n i n g
J u n e 13, 1988 a n d e n d i n g o n J u l y 13, 1993:
(i ) U n d e r w r i t e r s L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c ., 333
P fi n g s t e n R o a d , N o r t h b r o o k , I l l i n o i s 60062.
(i i ) F a c t o r y M u t u a l R e s e a r c h Co r p o r a t i o n ,
1151 B o s t o n -P r o v i d e n c e T u r n p i k e , N o r w o o d ,
M a s s a c h u s e t t s 02062.
b . A t t h e e n d o f t h e fi v e -y e a r p e r i o d , t h e
t w o t e m p o r a r i l y r e c o g n i ze d l a b o r a t o r i e s
s h a l l a p p l y fo r r e n e w a l o f OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n
u t i l i zi n g t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e s e s t a b -
l i s h e d fo r r e n e w a l o f OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n .
I I . S u p p lem en t a ry P roced u res.
A. T est st a n da r d ch a n ges.
A r e c o g n i ze d N R T L m a y c h a n g e a t e s t i n g
st a n da r d or elem en t s in cor por a t ed in t h e
s t a n d a r d s u c h a s t e s t i n g m e t h o d s o r p a s s -fa i l
c r i t e r i a b y n o t i fy i n g t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y
o f t h e c h a n g e , c e r t i fy i n g t h a t t h e r e v i s e d
s t a n d a r d w i l l b e a t l e a s t a s e ffe c t i v e a s t h e
pr ior st a n da r d, a n d pr ovidin g t h e su ppor t in g
da t a u pon wh ich it s con clu sion s a r e ba sed.
T h e N R T L n e e d n o t i n fo r m t h e A s s i s t a n t
S e c r e t a r y o f m i n o r d e v i a t i o n s fr o m a t e s t
st a n da r d su ch a s t h e u se of n ew in st r u m en t a -
t ion t h a t is m or e a ccu r a t e or sen sit ive t h a n
o r i g i n a l l y c a l l e d fo r i n t h e s t a n d a r d . T h e
N R T L a l s o n e e d n o t i n fo r m t h e A s s i s t a n t
S ecr et a r y of it s a dopt ion of r evision s t o
t h i r d -p a r t y t e s t i n g s t a n d a r d s m e e t i n g t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.7(c )(4), i f s u c h r e v i s i o n s
h a ve been developed by t h e st a n da r ds devel-
o p i n g o r g a n i za t i o n , o r o f i t s a d o p t i o n o f r e v i -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s i o n s t o o t h e r t h i r d -p a r t y t e s t s t a n d a r d s
104
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00114 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
w h i c h t h e d e v e l o p i n g o r g a n i za t i o n h a s s u b -
m i t t e d t o OS H A . I f, u p o n r e v i e w , t h e A s s i s t -
a n t S ecr et a r y or h is design ee det er m in es
t h a t t h e pr oposed r evised st a n da r d is n ot
‘‘s u b s t a n t i a l l y e q u i v a l e n t ’’ t o t h e p r e v i o u s
v e r s i o n w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e l e v e l o f s a fe t y o b -
t a i n e d , OS H A w i l l n o t a c c e p t t h e p r o p o s e d
t e s t i n g s t a n d a r d b y t h e r e c o g n i ze d N R T L ,
a n d will in it ia t e discon t in u a n ce of t h a t a s-
p e c t o f OS H A -r e c o g n i ze d a c t i v i t y b y t h e
N R T L b y m o d i fi c a t i o n o f t h e o ffi c i a l l e t t e r
o f r e c o g n i t i o n . OS H A w i l l p u b l i c l y a n n o u n c e
t h is a ct ion a n d t h e NR T L will be r equ ir ed t o
c o m m u n i c a t e t h i s OS H A d e c i s i o n d i r e c t l y t o
a ffe c t e d m a n u fa c t u r e r s .
B. E xpa n sion of cu r r en t r ecogn it ion
1. E ligibilit y . A r e c o g n i ze d N R T L m a y a p p l y
t o OS H A fo r a n e x p a n s i o n o f i t s c u r r e n t r e c -
ogn it ion t o cover ot h er ca t egor ies of NR T L
t est in g in a ddit ion t o t h ose in clu ded in t h e
cu r r en t r ecogn it ion .
2. P r o c e d u r e . a . OS H A w i l l a c t u p o n a n d
p r o c e s s t h e a p p l i c a t i o n fo r e x p a n s i o n i n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h s u b s e c t i o n I .B . o f t h i s a p p e n -
d i x , e x c e p t t h a t t h e p e r i o d fo r w r i t t e n c o m -
m e n t s , s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h 5.a o f s u b -
s e c t i o n I .B . o f t h i s a p p e n d i x , w i l l b e n o t l e s s
t h a n 15 c a l e n d a r d a y s .
b . I n t h a t p r o c e s s , OS H A m a y d e c i d e n o t t o
c o n d u c t a n o n -s i t e r e v i e w , w h e r e t h e s u b -
st a n t ive scope of t h e r equ est t o expa n d r ec-
ogn it ion is closely r ela t ed t o t h e cu r r en t
a r ea of r ecogn it ion .
c . T h e e x p i r a t i o n d a t e fo r e a c h e x p a n s i o n
of r ecogn it ion sh a ll coin cide wit h t h e expir a -
t ion da t e of t h e cu r r en t ba sic r ecogn it ion pe-
r iod.
C. R e n e w a l o f OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n
1. E ligibilit y . A r e c o g n i ze d N R T L m a y
r e n e w i t s r e c o g n i t i o n b y fi l i n g a r e n e w a l r e -
q u e s t a t t h e a d d r e s s i n p a r a g r a p h I .A .3. o f
t h is a ppen dix n ot less t h a n n in e m on t h s, n or
m o r e t h a n o n e y e a r , b e fo r e t h e e x p i r a t i o n
da t e of it s cu r r en t r ecogn it ion .
2. P r o c e d u r e . a . OS H A w i l l p r o c e s s t h e r e -
n ewa l r equ est in a ccor da n ce wit h su bsect ion
I .B . o f t h i s a p p e n d i x , e x c e p t t h a t t h e p e r i o d
fo r w r i t t e n c o m m e n t s , s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h
5.a o f s u b s e c t i o n I .B . o f t h i s a p p e n d i x , w i l l b e
n o t l e s s t h a n 15 c a l e n d a r d a y s .
b . I n t h a t p r o c e s s , OS H A m a y d e t e r m i n e
n o t t o c o n d u c t t h e o n -s i t e r e v i e w s i n I .B .1.a .
wh er e a ppr opr ia t e.
c . Wh e n a r e c o g n i ze d N R T L h a s fi l e d a
t i m e l y a n d s u ffi c i e n t r e n e w a l r e q u e s t , i t s
cu r r en t r ecogn it ion will n ot expir e u n t il a
fi n a l d e c i s i o n h a s b e e n m a d e b y OS H A o n t h e
r equ est .
d . A ft e r t h e fi r s t r e n e w a l h a s b e e n g r a n t e d
t o t h e N R T L , t h e N R T L s h a l l a p p l y fo r a
con t in u a t ion of it s r ecogn it ion st a t u s ever y
fi v e y e a r s b y s u b m i t t i n g a r e n e w a l r e q u e s t .
I n l i e u o f s u b m i t t i n g a r e n e w a l r e q u e s t a ft e r
t h e i n i t i a l r e n e w a l , t h e N R T L m a y c e r t i fy
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
it s con t in u in g com plia n ce wit h t h e t er m s of
i t s l e t t e r o f r e c o g n i t i o n a n d 29 CF R 1910.7.
3. A lt ern a t iv e p roced u re. A ft e r t h e i n i t i a l
r e c o g n i t i o n a n d b e fo r e t h e e x p i r a t i o n t h e r e -
o f, OS H A m a y (fo r g o o d c a u s e ) d e t e r m i n e
t h a t t h e r e i s a s u ffi c i e n t b a s i s t o d i s p e n s e
w i t h t h e r e n e w a l r e q u i r e m e n t fo r a g i v e n
l a b o r a t o r y a n d w i l l s o n o t i fy t h e l a b o r a t o r y
of su ch a det er m in a t ion in wr it in g. In lieu of
su bm it t in g a r en ewa l r equ est , a n y la bor a -
t o r y s o n o t i fi e d s h a l l c e r t i fy i t s c o n t i n u i n g
com plia n ce wit h t h e t er m s of it s let t er of
r e c o g n i t i o n a n d 29 CF R 1910.7.
D. Volu n t a r y t er m in a t ion of r ecogn it ion .
A t a n y t i m e , a r e c o g n i ze d N R T L m a y v o l -
u n t a r ily t er m in a t e it s r ecogn it ion , eit h er in
it s en t ir et y or wit h r espect t o a n y a r ea cov-
er ed in it s r ecogn it ion , by givin g wr it t en n o-
t i c e t o OS H A . T h e w r i t t e n n o t i c e s h a l l s t a t e
t h e da t e a s of wh ich t h e t er m in a t ion is t o
t a k e e ffe c t . T h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y s h a l l i n -
fo r m t h e p u b l i c o f a n y v o l u n t a r y t e r m i -
n a t i on by F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R n ot i c e .
E . R e v o c a t i o n o f r e c o g n i t i o n b y OS H A .
1. P ot en t ia l ca u ses. I f a n N R T L e i t h e r h a s
fa i l e d t o c o n t i n u e t o s u b s t a n t i a l l y s a t i s fy
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.7 o r t h i s a p p e n d i x ,
o r h a s n o t b e e n r e a s o n a b l y p e r fo r m i n g t h e
NR T L t est in g r equ ir em en t s en com pa ssed
wit h in it s let t er of r ecogn it ion , or h a s m a t e-
r ia lly m isr epr esen t ed it self in it s a pplica -
t ion s or m isr epr esen t ed t h e scope or con di-
t ion s of it s r ecogn it ion , t h e Assist a n t S ec-
r et a r y m a y r evok e t h e r ecogn it ion of a r ec-
o g n i ze d N R T L , i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t . OS H A
m a y in it ia t e r evoca t ion pr ocedu r es on t h e
b a s i s o f i n fo r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d b y a n y i n t e r -
est ed per son .
2. P roced u re. a . B e fo r e p r o p o s i n g t o r e v o k e
r e c o g n i t i o n , t h e A g e n c y w i l l n o t i fy t h e r e c -
o g n i ze d N R T L i n w r i t i n g , g i v i n g i t t h e o p -
por t u n it y t o r ebu t or cor r ect t h e a lleged de-
fi c i e n c i e s w h i c h w o u l d fo r m t h e b a s i s o f t h e
pr oposed r evoca t ion , wit h in a r ea son a ble pe-
r iod.
b . I f t h e a l l e g e d d e fi c i e n c i e s a r e n o t c o r -
r ect ed or r econ ciled wit h in a r ea son a ble pe-
r i o d , OS H A w i l l p r o p o s e , i n w r i t i n g t o t h e
r e c o g n i ze d N R T L , t o r e v o k e r e c o g n i t i o n . I f
deem ed a ppr opr ia t e, n o ot h er a n n ou n cem en t
n e e d b e m a d e b y OS H A .
c . T h e r e v o c a t i o n s h a l l b e e ffe c t i v e i n 60
da y s u n less wit h in t h a t per iod t h e r ecog-
n i ze d N R T L c o r r e c t s t h e d e fi c i e n c i e s o r r e -
qu est s a h ea r in g in wr it in g.
d. If a h ea r in g is r equ est ed, it sh a ll be h eld
b e fo r e a n a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l a w j u d g e o f t h e D e -
pa r t m en t of L a bor pu r su a n t t o t h e r u les
s p e c i fi e d i n 29 CF R p a r t 1905, s u b p a r t C.
e . T h e p a r t i e s s h a l l b e OS H A a n d t h e r e c -
o g n i ze d N R T L . T h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y m a y
a llow ot h er in t er est ed per son s t o pa r t icipa t e
in t h ese h ea r in gs if su ch pa r t icipa t ion wou ld
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
con t r ibu t e t o t h e r esolu t ion of issu es ger -
105
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00115 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.8
m a n e t o t h e pr oceedin g a n d n ot ca u se u n du e
dela y .
f. T h e b u r d e n o f p r o o f s h a l l b e o n OS H A t o
dem on st r a t e by a pr epon der a n ce of t h e evi-
den ce t h a t t h e r ecogn it ion sh ou ld be r evok ed
beca u se t h e NR T L is n ot m eet in g t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s fo r r e c o g n i t i o n , h a s n o t b e e n r e a -
s o n a b l y p e r fo r m i n g t h e p r o d u c t t e s t i n g fu n c -
t i o n s a s r e q u i r e d b y § 1910.7, t h i s a p p e n d i x A ,
or t h e let t er of r ecogn it ion , or h a s m a t er i-
a lly m isr epr esen t ed it self in it s a pplica t ion s
or pu blicit y .
3. F in a l d ecision . a . A ft e r t h e h e a r i n g , t h e
Adm in ist r a t ive L a w J u dge sh a ll issu e a deci-
sion st a t in g t h e r ea son s ba sed on t h e r ecor d
a s t o wh et h er it h a s been dem on st r a t ed,
ba sed on a pr epon der a n ce of eviden ce, t h a t
t h e a pplica n t does n ot con t in u e t o m eet t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r i t s c u r r e n t r e c o g n i t i o n .
b. Upon issu a n ce of t h e decision , a n y pa r t y
t o t h e h e a r i n g m a y fi l e e x c e p t i o n s w i t h i n 20
d a y s p u r s u a n t t o 29 CF R 1905.28. I f n o e x c e p -
t i o n s a r e fi l e d , t h i s d e c i s i o n i s t h e fi n a l d e c i -
sion of t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y . If object ion s
a r e fi l e d , t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e L a w J u d g e
s h a l l fo r w a r d t h e d e c i s i o n , e x c e p t i o n s a n d
r e c o r d t o t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y fo r t h e
fi n a l d e c i s i o n o n t h e p r o p o s e d r e v o c a t i o n .
c. T h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y will r eview t h e
r ecor d, t h e decision by t h e Adm in ist r a t ive
L a w J u d g e , a n d t h e e x c e p t i o n s fi l e d . B a s e d
on t h is, t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y sh a ll issu e
t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n a s t o w h e t h e r i t h a s b e e n
dem on st r a t ed, by a pr epon der a n ce of evi-
d e n c e , t h a t t h e r e c o g n i ze d N R T L h a s n o t
c o n t i n u e d t o m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
OS H A r e c o g n i t i o n . I f t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c -
r e t a r y fi n d s t h a t t h e N R T L d o e s n o t m e e t
t h e NR T L r ecogn it ion r equ ir em en t s, t h e r ec-
ogn it ion will be r evok ed.
4. P u blic a n n ou n cem en t . A c o p y o f t h e A s -
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y ’s fi n a l d e c i s i o n w i l l b e p r o -
v i d e d t o t h e a p p l i c a n t , a n d a n o t i fi c a t i o n
wi l l be pu bl i sh e d i n t h e F E DE R AL R E GIS T E R
a n n ou n cin g t h e decision , a n d t h e a va ila bilit y
of t h e com plet e r ecor d of t h is pr oceedin g a t
OS H A . T h e e ffe c t i v e d a t e o f a n y r e v o c a t i o n
w i l l b e t h e d a t e t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n c o p y i s
sen t t o t h e NR T L .
5. R ev iew of f in a l d ecision . T h e r e w i l l b e n o
fu r t h e r r e v i e w a c t i v i t y a v a i l a b l e w i t h i n t h e
D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r fr o m t h e fi n a l d e c i s i o n
of t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y .
[53 F R 12120, A p r . 12, 1988; 53 F R 16838, M a y
11, 1988, a s a m e n d e d a t 54 F R 24333, J u n e 7,
1989; 65 F R 46818, 46819, J u l y 31, 2000]
§ 1910.8 OMB control numbers under
the Paperwork Reduction Act.
T h e fo l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s o r p a r a g r a p h s
e a c h c o n t a i n a c o l l e c t i o n o f i n fo r m a -
t ion r equ ir em en t wh ich h a s been a p-
p r o v e d b y t h e Offi c e o f M a n a g e m e n t
a n d Bu dget u n der t h e con t r ol n u m ber
list ed.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.11 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

OMB con- OMB con-

29 CFR citation 29 CFR citation
trol No. trol No.

1910.7 .................................................................. 1218–0147 1910.1200 ............................................................ 1218–0072

1910.23 ................................................................ 1218–0199 1910.1450 ............................................................ 1218–0131
1910.66 ................................................................ 1218–0121
1910.67(b) ........................................................... 1218–0230
1910.68 ................................................................ 1218–0226 [61 F R 5508, F e b . 13, 1996, a s a m e n d e d a t 62
1910.95 ................................................................ 1218–0048 F R 29668, J u n e 2, 1997; 62 F R 42666, A u g . 8,
1910.111 .............................................................. 1218–0208 1997; 62 F R 43581, A u g . 14, 1997; 62 F R 65203,
1910.119 .............................................................. 1218–0200 D e c . 11, 1997; 63 F R 13340, M a r . 19, 1998; 63 F R
1910.120 .............................................................. 1218–0202
17093, A p r . 8, 1998; 71 F R 38086, J u l y 5, 2006]
1910.132 .............................................................. 1218–0205
1910.134 .............................................................. 1218–0099
1910.137 ..............................................................
1910.142 ..............................................................
1218–0190
1218–0096
Subpart B—Adoption and Exten-
1910.145 .............................................................. 1218–0132 sion of Established Federal
1910.146 .............................................................. 1218–0203 Standards
1910.147 .............................................................. 1218–0150
1910.156 .............................................................. 1218–0075
1910.157(e)(3) ..................................................... 1218–0210 A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u p a -
1910.157(f)(16) .................................................... 1218–0218 t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t , 29 U .S .C. 653,
1910.177(d)(3)(iv) ................................................ 1218–0219 655, 657; Wa l s h -H e a l e y A c t , 41 U .S .C. 35 et
1910.179(j)(2)(iii) and (iv) .................................... 1218–0224
1910.179(m)(1) and (m)(2) .................................. 1218–0224
seq.; S e r v i c e Co n t r a c t A c t o f 1965, 41 U .S .C.
1910.180(d)(6) ..................................................... 1218–0221 351 et seq.; S e c .107, Co n t r a c t Wo r k H o u r s a n d
1910.180(g)(1) and (g)(2)(ii) ................................ 1218–0221 S a fe t y S t a n d a r d s A c t (Co n s t r u c t i o n S a fe t y
1910.181(g)(1) and (g)(3) .................................... 1218–0222 A c t ), 40 U .S .C. 333; S e c . 41, L o n g s h o r e a n d
1910.184(e)(4), (f)(4) and (i)(8)(ii) ....................... 1218–0223 H a r b o r Wo r k e r s ’ Co m p e n s a t i o n A c t , 33
1910.217(e)(1)(i) and (ii) ..................................... 1218–0229 U .S .C. 941; N a t i o n a l F o u n d a t i o n o f A r t s a n d
1910.217(g) ......................................................... 1218–0070 H u m a n i t i e s A c t , 20 U .S .C. 951 et seq.; S e c -
1910.217(h) ......................................................... 1218–0143
1910.218(a)(2)(i) and (ii) ..................................... 1218–0228
r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754),
1910.252(a)(2)(xiii)(c) .......................................... 1218–0207 8–76 (41 F R 1911), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55
1910.255(e) ......................................................... 1218–0207 F R 9033), o r 6-96 (62 F R 111), a s a p p l i c a b l e .
1910.266 .............................................................. 1218–0198
1910.268 .............................................................. 1218–0225 § 1910.11 Scope and purpose.
1910.269 .............................................................. 1218–0190
1910.272 .............................................................. 1218–0206 (a ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s s u b p a r t B
1910.420 .............................................................. 1218–0069 a d o p t a n d e x t e n d t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f,
1910.421 .............................................................. 1218–0069 e s t a b l i s h e d F e d e r a l s t a n d a r d s i n e ffe c t
1910.423 .............................................................. 1218–0069
1910.430 .............................................................. 1218–0069 o n A p r i l 28, 1971, w i t h r e s p e c t t o e v e r y
1910.440 .............................................................. 1218–0069 em ploy er , em ploy ee, a n d em ploy m en t
1910.1001 ............................................................ 1218–0133 cover ed by t h e Act .
1910.1003 ............................................................ 1218–0085 (b ) I t b e a r s e m p h a s i s t h a t o n l y s t a n d -
1910.1004 ............................................................ 1218–0084
1910.1006 ............................................................ 1218–0086 a r d s (i .e ., s u b s t a n t i v e r u l e s ) r e l a t i n g t o
1910.1007 ............................................................ 1218–0083 s a fe t y o r h e a l t h a r e a d o p t e d b y a n y
1910.1008 ............................................................ 1218–0087 i n c o r p o r a t i o n s b y r e fe r e n c e o f s t a n d -
1910.1009 ............................................................ 1218–0089
1910.1010 ............................................................ 1218–0082
a r ds pr escr ibed elsewh er e in t h is ch a p-
1910.1011 ............................................................ 1218–0090 t e r o r t h i s t i t l e . Ot h e r m a t e r i a l s c o n -
1910.1012 ............................................................ 1218–0080 t a i n e d i n t h e r e fe r e n c e d p a r t i e s a r e n o t
1910.1013 ............................................................ 1218–0079 a dopt ed. Illu st r a t ion s of t h e t y pes of
1910.1014 ............................................................ 1218–0088
1910.1015 ............................................................ 1218–0044 m a t er ia ls wh ich a r e n ot a dopt ed a r e
1910.1016 ............................................................ 1218–0081 t h e s e . T h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n s b y r e fe r e n c e
1910.1017 ............................................................ 1218–0010 o f p a r t s 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 i n §§ 1910.13,
1910.1018 ............................................................ 1218–0104
1910.1020 ............................................................ 1218–0065
1910.14, 1910.15, a n d 1910.16 a r e n o t i n -
1910.1025 ............................................................ 1218–0092 t en ded t o in clu de t h e discu ssion in
1910.1026 ............................................................ 1218–0252 t h ose pa r t s of t h e cover a ge of t h e
1910.1027 ............................................................ 1218–0185 L o n g s h o r e m e n ’s a n d H a r b o r Wo r k e r s ’
1910.1028 ............................................................ 1218–0129
1910.1029 ............................................................ 1218–0128 Co m p e n s a t i o n A c t o r t h e p e n a l t y p r o -
1910.1030 ............................................................ 1218–0180 vision s of t h e Act . S im ila r ly , t h e in cor -
1910.1043 ............................................................ 1218–0061 p o r a t i o n b y r e fe r e n c e o f p a r t 1926 i n
1910.1044 ............................................................ 1218–0101
1910.1045 ............................................................ 1218–0126
§ 1910.12 i s n o t i n t e n d e d t o i n c l u d e r e f-
1910.1047 ............................................................ 1218–0108 er en ces t o in t er pr et a t ive r u les h a vin g
1910.1048 ............................................................ 1218–0145 r eleva n ce t o t h e a pplica t ion of t h e
1910.1050 ............................................................ 1218–0184 Co n s t r u c t i o n S a fe t y A c t , b u t h a v i n g n o
1910.1051 ............................................................ 1218–0170
r e l e v a n c e t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n t o t h e Oc -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

1910.1052 ............................................................ 1218–0179

1910.1096 ............................................................ 1218–0103 c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t .

106

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
§ 1910.12 Construction work.
(a ) S t a n d a rd s. T h e s t a n d a r d s p r e -
s c r i b e d i n p a r t 1926 o f t h i s c h a p t e r a r e
a d o p t e d a s o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h st a n da r ds u n der sect ion 6 of t h e
Act a n d sh a ll a pply , a ccor din g t o t h e
p r o v i s i o n s t h e r e o f, t o e v e r y e m p l o y -
m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t of ever y
em ploy ee en ga ged in con st r u ct ion
wor k . E a ch em ploy er sh a ll pr ot ect t h e
em ploy m en t a n d pla ces of em ploy m en t
of ea ch of h is em ploy ees en ga ged in
con st r u ct ion wor k by com ply in g wit h
t h e a ppr opr ia t e st a n da r ds pr escr ibed in
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(b ) D ef in it ion . F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h i s
s e c t i o n , Con st ru ct ion w ork m e a n s w o r k
fo r c o n s t r u c t i o n , a l t e r a t i o n , a n d /o r r e -
pa ir , in clu din g pa in t in g a n d deco-
r a t in g. S ee discu ssion of t h ese t er m s in
§ 1926.13 o f t h i s t i t l e .
(c ) Con st ru ct ion S a f et y A ct d ist in -
gu ish ed . T h i s s e c t i o n a d o p t s a s o c c u p a -
t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s t a n d a r d s
u n der sect ion 6 of t h e Act t h e st a n d-
a r d s w h i c h a r e p r e s c r i b e d i n p a r t 1926
of t h is ch a pt er . T h u s, t h e st a n da r ds
(s u b s t a n t i v e r u l e s ) p u b l i s h e d i n s u b p a r t
C a n d t h e fo l l o w i n g s u b p a r t s o f p a r t
1926 o f t h i s c h a p t e r a r e a p p l i e d . T h i s
sect ion does n ot in cor por a t e su bpa r t s
A a n d B o f p a r t 1926 o f t h i s c h a p t e r .
S u bpa r t s A a n d B h a ve per t in en ce on ly
t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s e c t i o n 107 o f t h e
Co n t r a c t Wo r k H o u r s a n d S a fe t y
S t a n d a r d s A c t (t h e Co n s t r u c t i o n S a fe -
t y A c t ). F o r e x a m p l e , t h e i n t e r p r e t a -
t i o n o f t h e t e r m ‘‘s u b c o n t r a c t o r ’’ i n
p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f § 1926.13 o f t h i s c h a p t e r
i s s i g n i fi c a n t i n d i s c e r n i n g t h e c o v -
e r a g e o f t h e Co n s t r u c t i o n S a fe t y A c t
a n d du t ies t h er eu n der . However , t h e
t e r m ‘‘s u b c o n t r a c t o r ’’ h a s n o s i g n i fi -
ca n ce in t h e a pplica t ion of t h e Act ,
w h i c h w a s e n a c t e d u n d e r t h e Co m -
m e r c e Cl a u s e a n d w h i c h e s t a b l i s h e s d u -
t i e s fo r ‘‘e m p l o y e r s ’’ w h i c h a r e n o t d e -
p e n d e n t fo r t h e i r a p p l i c a t i o n u p o n a n y
con t r a ct u a l r ela t ion sh ip wit h t h e F ed-
e r a l G o v e r n m e n t o r u p o n a n y fo r m o f
F e d e r a l fi n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e .
(d ) F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s p a r t , t o
t h e ext en t t h a t it m a y n ot a lr ea dy be
i n c l u d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n , ‘‘c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k ’’ i n c l u d e s t h e
er ect ion of n ew elect r ic t r a n sm ission
a n d dist r ibu t ion lin es a n d equ ipm en t ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n d t h e a lt er a t ion , con ver sion , a n d im -
107
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00117 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.15
pr ovem en t of t h e exist in g t r a n sm ission
a n d dist r ibu t ion lin es a n d equ ipm en t .
§ 1910.15 Shipyard employment.
(a ) A d op t ion a n d ex t en sion of est a b-
lish ed sa f et y a n d h ea lt h st a n d a rd s f or
sh ip y a rd em p loy m en t . T h e s t a n d a r d s
p r e s c r i b e d b y p a r t 1915 (fo r m e r l y p a r t s
1501–1503) o f t h i s t i t l e a n d i n e ffe c t o n
A p r i l 28, 1971 (a s r e v i s e d ), a r e a d o p t e d
a s o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y o r h e a l t h s t a n d -
a r d s u n d e r s e c t i o n 6(a ) o f t h e A c t a n d
sh a ll a pply , a ccor din g t o t h e pr ovision s
t h e r e o f, t o e v e r y e m p l o y m e n t a n d
pla ce of em ploy m en t of ever y em ploy ee
en ga ged in sh ip r epa ir , sh ipbr ea k in g,
a n d sh ipbu ildin g, or a r ela t ed em ploy -
m en t . E a ch em ploy er sh a ll pr ot ect t h e
em ploy m en t a n d pla ces of em ploy m en t
of ea ch of h is em ploy ees en ga ged in
sh ip r epa ir , sh ipbr ea k in g, a n d sh ip-
bu ildin g, or a r ela t ed em ploy m en t , by
com ply in g wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e st a n d-
a r ds pr escr ibed by t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(b ) D ef in it ion s. F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h i s
sect ion :
(1) S h ip rep a ir m e a n s a n y r e p a i r o f a
vessel, in clu din g, bu t n ot r est r ict ed t o,
a lt er a t ion s, con ver sion s, in st a lla t ion s,
clea n in g, pa in t in g, a n d m a in t en a n ce
wor k ;
(2) S h ip brea k in g m e a n s a n y b r e a k i n g
d o w n o f a v e s s e l ’s s t r u c t u r e fo r t h e
pu r pose of scr a ppin g t h e vessel, in clu d-
in g t h e r em ova l of gea r , equ ipm en t , or
a n y com pon en t of a vessel;
(3) S h ip bu ild in g m e a n s t h e c o n s t r u c -
t ion of a vessel, in clu din g t h e in st a lla -
t ion of m a ch in er y a n d equ ipm en t ;
(4) R ela t ed em p loy m en t m e a n s a n y e m -
p l o y m e n t p e r fo r m e d a s a n i n c i d e n t t o ,
or in con ju n ct ion wit h , sh ip r epa ir ,
sh ipbr ea k in g, a n d sh ipbu ildin g wor k ,
in clu din g, bu t n ot r est r ict ed t o, in spec-
t ion , t est in g, a n d em ploy m en t a s a
wa t ch m a n ; a n d
(5) V essel i n c l u d e s e v e r y d e s c r i p t i o n
o f w a t e r c r a ft o r o t h e r a r t i fi c i a l c o n -
t r iva n ce u sed, or ca pa ble of bein g u sed,
a s a m ea n s of t r a n spor t a t ion on wa t er ,
i n c l u d i n g s p e c i a l p u r p o s e fl o a t i n g
s t r u c t u r e s n o t p r i m a r i l y d e s i g n e d fo r ,
o r u s e d a s a m e a n s o f, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n
on wa t er .
[58 F R 35308, J u n e 30, 1993]
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.16
§ 1910.16 Longshoring and marine ter-
minals.
(a ) S a f et y a n d h ea lt h st a n d a rd s f or
lon gsh orin g. (1) P a r t 1918 o f t h i s c h a p t e r
sh a ll a pply exclu sively , a ccor din g t o
t h e p r o v i s i o n s t h e r e o f, t o a l l e m p l o y -
m en t of ever y em ploy ee en ga ged in
lon gsh or in g oper a t ion s or r ela t ed em -
ploy m en t a boa r d a n y vessel. All ca r go
t r a n s fe r a c c o m p l i s h e d w i t h t h e u s e o f
s h o r e -b a s e d m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g d e v i c e s
s h a l l b e g o v e r n e d b y p a r t 1917 o f t h i s
ch a pt er .
(2) P a r t 1910 d o e s n o t a p p l y t o
l o n g s h o r i n g o p e r a t i o n s e x c e p t fo r t h e
fo l l o w i n g p r o v i s i o n s :
(i ) A ccess t o em p loy ee ex p osu re a n d
m ed ica l record s. S u b p a r t Z , § 1910.1020;
(i i ) Com m ercia l d iv in g op era t ion s. S u b -
pa r t T ;
(i i i ) E lect rica l. S u b p a r t S w h e n s h o r e -
ba sed elect r ica l in st a lla t ion s pr ovide
p o w e r fo r u s e a b o a r d v e s s e l s ;
(i v ) H a z a rd com m u n ica t ion . S u b p a r t Z ,
§ 1910.1200;
(v ) I on iz in g ra d ia t ion . S u b p a r t Z ,
§ 1910.1096;
(v i ) N oise. S u b p a r t G , § 1910.95;
(v i i ) N on ion iz in g ra d ia t ion . S u b p a r t G ,
§ 1910.97;
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (a )(2)(v i i ): E x p o s u r e s
t o n o n i o n i zi n g r a d i a t i o n e m i s s i o n s fr o m
com m er cia l vessel t r a n sm it t er s a r e con sid-
e r e d h a za r d o u s u n d e r t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i -
t i o n s : (1) w h e r e t h e r a d a r i s t r a n s m i t t i n g ,
t h e sca n n er is st a t ion a r y , a n d t h e exposu r e
d i s t a n c e i s 18.7 fe e t (6 m .) o r l e s s ; o r (2)
wh er e t h e r a da r is t r a n sm it t in g, t h e sca n n er
i s r o t a t i n g , a n d t h e e x p o s u r e d i s t a n c e i s 5.2
fe e t (1.8 m .) o r l e s s .
(v i i i ) R esp ira t ory p rot ect ion . S u b p a r t
I , § 1910.134;
(i x ) T ox ic a n d h a z a rd ou s su bst a n ces.
S u bpa r t Z a pplies t o m a r in e ca r go h a n -
d l i n g a c t i v i t i e s e x c e p t fo r t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(A ) Wh e n a s u b s t a n c e o r c a r g o i s c o n -
t a in ed wit h in a sea led, in t a ct m ea n s of
pa ck a gin g or con t a in m en t com ply in g
wit h Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion or
I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e Or g a n i za t i o n
r e q u i r e m e n t s ;1
(B ) B l o o d b o r n e p a t h o g e n s , § 1910.1030;
1 T h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e Or g a n i za t i o n
pu blish es t h e In t er n a t ion a l Ma r it im e Da n -
g e r o u s G o o d s Co d e t o a i d c o m p l i a n c e w i t h
t h e in t er n a t ion a l lega l r equ ir em en t s of t h e
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Co n v e n t i o n fo r t h e S a fe t y o f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
L i fe a t S e a , 1960.
108
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(C) Ca r b o n m o n o x i d e , § 1910.1000 (S e e
§ 1918.94 (a )); a n d
(D ) H y d r o g e n s u l fi d e , § 1910.1000 (S e e
§ 1918.94 (f)).
(x ) P o w e r e d i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k o p e r a t o r
t r a i n i n g , S u b p a r t N , § 1910.178(l ).
(b ) S a f et y a n d h ea lt h st a n d a rd s f or m a -
rin e t erm in a ls. P a r t 1917 o f t h i s c h a p t e r
sh a ll a pply exclu sively , a ccor din g t o
t h e p r o v i s i o n s t h e r e o f, t o e m p l o y m e n t
wit h in a m a r in e t er m in a l, except a s
fo l l o w s :
(1) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r t 1917 o f t h i s
c h a p t e r d o n o t a p p l y t o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) F a c i l i t i e s u s e d s o l e l y fo r t h e b u l k
s t o r a g e , h a n d l i n g , a n d t r a n s fe r o f fl a m -
m a ble a n d com bu st ible liqu ids a n d
ga ses.
(i i ) F a c i l i t i e s s u b j e c t t o t h e r e g u l a -
t i o n s o f t h e Offi c e o f P i p e l i n e S a fe t y o f
t h e R esea r ch a n d S pecia l P r ogr a m s Ad-
m in ist r a t ion , Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor -
t a t i o n (49 CF R c h a p t e r I , s u b c h a p t e r
D ), t o t h e e x t e n t s u c h r e g u l a t i o n s
a p p l y t o s p e c i fi c w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s .
(i i i ) F u l l y a u t o m a t e d b u l k c o a l h a n -
d l i n g fa c i l i t i e s c o n t i g u o u s t o e l e c t r i c a l
power gen er a t in g pla n t s.
(2) P a r t 1910 d o e s n o t a p p l y t o m a r i n e
t e r m i n a l s e x c e p t fo r t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) A bra siv e bla st in g. S u b p a r t G ,
§ 1910.94(a );
(i i ) A ccess t o em p loy ee ex p osu re a n d
m ed ica l record s. S u b p a r t Z , § 1910.1020;
(i i i ) Com m ercia l d iv in g op era t ion s. S u b -
pa r t T ;
(i v ) E lect rica l. S u b p a r t S ;
(v ) Gra in h a n d lin g f a cilit ies. S u b p a r t
R , § 1910.272;
(v i ) H a z a rd com m u n ica t ion . S u b p a r t Z ,
§ 1910.1200;
(v i i ) I on iz in g ra d ia t ion . S u b p a r t Z ,
§ 1910.1096;
(v i i i ) N oise. S u b p a r t G , § 1910.95;
(i x ) N on ion iz in g ra d ia t ion . S u b p a r t G ,
§ 1910.97.
(x ) R esp ira t ory p rot ect ion . S u b p a r t I ,
§ 1910.134.
(x i ) S a f et y requ irem en t s f or sca f f old in g.
S u b p a r t D , § 1910.28;
(x i i ) S erv icin g m u lt i-p iece a n d sin gle
p iece rim w h eels. S u b p a r t N , § 1910.177;
(x i i i ) T ox ic a n d h a z a rd ou s su bst a n ces.
S u bpa r t Z a pplies t o m a r in e ca r go h a n -
d l i n g a c t i v i t i e s e x c e p t fo r t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(A ) Wh e n a s u b s t a n c e o r c a r g o i s c o n -
t a in ed wit h in a sea led, in t a ct m ea n s of
pa ck a gin g or con t a in m en t com ply in g
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
wit h Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion or
I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e Or g a n i za t i o n
r equ ir em en t s; 2
(B ) B l o o d b o r n e p a t h o g e n s , § 1910.1030;
(C) Ca r b o n m o n o x i d e , § 1910.1000 (S e e
§ 1917.24(a )); a n d
(D ) H y d r o g e n s u l fi d e , § 1910.1000 (S e e
§ 1917.73(a )(2)); a n d
(x i v ) P o w e r e d i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k o p e r -
a t o r t r a i n i n g , S u b p a r t N , § 1910.178(l ).
(c ) D ef in it ion s. F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h i s
sect ion :
(1) L on gsh orin g op era t ion m e a n s t h e
loa din g, u n loa din g, m ovin g, or h a n -
d l i n g o f, c a r g o , s h i p ’s s t o r e s , g e a r , e t c .,
in t o, in , on , or ou t of a n y vessel;
(2) R ela t ed em p loy m en t m e a n s a n y e m -
p l o y m e n t p e r fo r m e d a s a n i n c i d e n t t o
or in con ju n ct ion wit h , lon gsh or in g op-
er a t ion s in clu din g, bu t n ot r est r ict ed
t o, secu r in g ca r go, r iggin g, a n d em -
ploy m en t a s a por t er , ch eck er , or
wa t ch m a n ; a n d
(3) V essel i n c l u d e s e v e r y d e s c r i p t i o n
o f w a t e r c r a ft o r o t h e r a r t i fi c i a l c o n -
t r iva n ce u sed, or ca pa ble of bein g u sed,
a s a m ea n s of t r a n spor t a t ion on wa t er ,
i n c l u d i n g s p e c i a l p u r p o s e fl o a t i n g
s t r u c t u r e s n o t p r i m a r i l y d e s i g n e d fo r ,
o r u s e d a s a m e a n s o f, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n
on wa t er .
(4) M a rin e t erm in a l m e a n s w h a r v e s ,
bu lk h ea ds, qu a y s, pier s, dock s a n d
ot h er ber t h in g loca t ion s a n d a dja cen t
st or a ge or a dja cen t a r ea s a n d st r u c-
t u r es a ssocia t ed wit h t h e pr im a r y
m o v e m e n t o f c a r g o o r m a t e r i a l s fr o m
vessel t o sh or e or sh or e t o vessel in -
clu din g st r u ct u r es wh ich a r e devot ed
t o r eceivin g, h a n dlin g, h oldin g, con -
solida t ion a n d loa din g or deliver y of
wa t er bor n e sh ipm en t s or pa ssen ger s,
in clu din g a r ea s devot ed t o t h e m a in t e-
n a n ce of t h e t er m in a l or equ ipm en t .
T h e t er m does n ot in clu de pr odu ct ion
o r m a n u fa c t u r i n g a r e a s h a v i n g t h e i r
o w n d o c k i n g fa c i l i t i e s a n d l o c a t e d a t a
m a r in e t er m in a l n or does t h e t er m in -
c l u d e s t o r a g e fa c i l i t i e s d i r e c t l y a s s o c i -
2 T h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e Or g a n i za t i o n
pu blish es t h e In t er n a t ion a l Ma r it im e Da n -
g e r o u s G o o d s Co d e t o a i d c o m p l i a n c e w i t h
t h e in t er n a t ion a l lega l r equ ir em en t s of t h e
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Co n v e n t i o n fo r t h e S a fe t y o f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
L i fe a t S e a , 1960.
109
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§ 1910.19
a t e d w i t h t h o s e p r o d u c t i o n o r m a n u fa c -
t u r in g a r ea s.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 48
F R 30908, J u l y 5, 1983; 52 F R 36026, S e p t . 25,
1987; 62 F R 40195, J u l y 25, 1997; 63 F R 66270,
D e c . 1, 1998]
§ 1910.17 Effective dates.
(a )–(b ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c ) E x c e p t w h e n e v e r a n y e m p l o y m e n t
or pla ce of em ploy m en t is, or becom es,
s u b j e c t t o a n y s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s t a n d -
a r d p r e s c r i b e d i n p a r t 1915, 1916, 1917,
1918, o r 1926 o f t h i s t i t l e o n a d a t e b e -
fo r e A u g u s t 27, 1971, b y v i r t u e o f t h e
Co n s t r u c t i o n S a fe t y A c t o r t h e L o n g -
s h o r e m e n ’s a n d H a r b o r Wo r k e r s ’ Co m -
p e n s a t i o n A c t , t h a t o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe -
t y a n d h ea lt h st a n da r d a s in cor por a t ed
b y r e fe r e n c e i n t h i s s u b p a r t s h a l l a l s o
b e c o m e e ffe c t i v e u n d e r t h e Wi l l i a m s -
S t eiger Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y and
H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 o n t h a t d a t e .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9235, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.18 Changes in established Fed-
eral standards.
Wh e n e v e r a n o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h st a n da r d a dopt ed a n d in cor -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e i n t h i s s u b p a r t B
i s c h a n g e d p u r s u a n t t o s e c t i o n 6(b ) o f
t h e Act a n d t h e st a t u t e u n der wh ich
t h e st a n da r d wa s or igin a lly pr om u l-
g a t e d , a n d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r t 1911
of t h is ch a pt er , t h e st a n da r d sh a ll be
d e e m e d c h a n g e d fo r p u r p o s e s o f t h a t
st a t u t e a n d t h is su bpa r t B, a n d sh a ll
a pply u n der t h is su bpa r t B. F or t h e
pu r poses of t h is sect ion , a ch a n ge in a
st a n da r d in clu des a n y a m en dm en t , a d-
dit ion , or r epea l, in wh ole or in pa r t , of
a n y st a n da r d.
§ 1910.19 Special provisions for air
contaminants.
(a ) A sbest os, t rem olit e, a n t h op h y llit e,
a n d a ct in olit e d u st . S e c t i o n 1910.1001
sh a ll a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y
em ploy ee to a sbest os, t r em olit e,
a n t h oph y llit e, a n d a ct in olit e du st in
ever y em ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em -
p l o y m e n t c o v e r e d b y § 1910.16, i n l i e u o f
a n y d i ffe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o
a sbest os, t r em olit e, a n t h oph y llit e, a n d
a ct in olit e du st wh ich wou ld ot h er wise
be a pplica ble by vir t u e of a n y of t h ose
sect ion s.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.21
(b ) V in y l ch lorid e. S e c t i o n 1910.1017
sh a ll a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y
em ploy ee t o vin y l ch lor ide in ever y
em ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t
c o v e r e d b y §§ 1910.12, 1910.13, 1910.14,
1910.15, o r 1910.16, i n l i e u o f a n y d i f-
fe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o v i n y l
ch lor ide wh ich wou ld ot h er wise be a p-
plica ble by vir t u e of a n y of t h ose sec-
t ion s.
(c ) A cry lon it rile. S e c t i o n 1910.1045
sh a ll a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y
em ploy ee t o a cr y lon it r ile in ever y em -
ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t
c o v e r e d b y §§ 1910.12, 1910.13, 1910.14,
1910.15, o r § 1910.16, i n l i e u o f a n y d i f-
fe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o a c r y l o -
n it r ile wh ich wou ld ot h er wise be a ppli-
ca ble by vir t u e of a n y of t h ose sec-
t ion s.
(d ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(e ) I n orga n ic a rsen ic. S e c t i o n 1910.1018
sh a ll a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y
em ploy ee t o in or ga n ic a r sen ic in ever y
em ploy m en t cover ed by §§ 1910.12,
1910.13, 1910.14, 1910.15, o r § 1910.16, i n
l i e u o f a n y d i ffe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o -
su r e t o in or ga n ic a r sen ic wh ich wou ld
ot h er wise be a pplica ble by vir t u e of
a n y of t h ose sect ion s.
(f) [R e s e r v e d ]
(g ) L ea d . S e c t i o n 1910.1025 s h a l l a p p l y
t o t h e exposu r e of ever y em ploy ee t o
lea d in ever y em ploy m en t a n d pla ce of
em ploy m en t cover ed by §§ 1910.13,
1910.14, 1910.15, a n d 1910.16, i n l i e u o f
a n y d i ffe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o
lea d wh ich wou ld ot h er wise be a pplica -
ble by vir t u e of t h ose sect ion s.
(h ) E t h y len e ox id e. S e c t i o n 1910.1047
sh a ll a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y
em ploy ee t o et h y len e oxide in ever y
em ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t
c o v e r e d b y §§ 1910.12, 1910.13, 1910.14,
1910.15, o r 1910.16, i n l i e u o f a n y d i f-
fe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o e t h y l -
en e oxide wh ich wou ld ot h er wise be a p-
plica ble by vir t u e of t h ose sect ion s.
(i ) 4,4′-M et h y len ed ia n ilin e (M D A ). S e c -
t i o n 1910.1050 s h a l l a p p l y t o t h e e x p o -
su r e of ever y em ploy ee t o MDA in
ever y em ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em -
p l o y m e n t c o v e r e d b y §§ 1910.13, 1910.14,
1910.15, o r 1910.16, i n l i e u o f a n y d i f-
fe r e n t s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o M D A
wh ich wou ld ot h er wise be a pplica ble by
vir t u e of t h ose sect ion s.
(j ) F orm a ld eh y d e. S e c t i o n 1910.1048
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y
110
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
e m p l o y e e t o fo r m a l d e h y d e i n e v e r y e m -
ploy m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t
c o v e r e d b y § 1910.12, 1910.13, 1910.14,
1910.15 o r 1910.16 i n l i e u o f a n y d i ffe r e n t
s t a n d a r d o n e x p o s u r e t o fo r m a l d e h y d e
wh ich wou ld ot h er wise be a pplica ble by
vir t u e of t h ose sect ion s.
(k ) Ca d m iu m . S e c t i o n 1910.1027 s h a l l
a pply t o t h e exposu r e of ever y em -
ploy ee t o ca dm iu m in ever y em ploy -
m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t cover ed
b y § 1910.16 i n l i e u o f a n y d i ffe r e n t
st a n da r d on exposu r es t o ca dm iu m t h a t
wou ld ot h er wise be a pplica ble by vir t u e
of t h ose sect ion s.
(l ) 1,3-B u t a d ien e (B D ). S ect ion
1910.1051 s h a l l a p p l y t o t h e e x p o s u r e o f
ever y em ploy ee t o BD in ever y em ploy -
m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t cover ed
b y §§ 1910.12, 1910.13, 1910.14, 1910.15, o r
1910.16, i n l i e u o f a n y d i ffe r e n t s t a n d a r d
on exposu r e t o BD wh ich wou ld ot h er -
wise be a pplica ble by vir t u e of t h ose
sect ion s.
(m ) M et h y len e ch lorid e (M C). S e c t i o n
1910.1052 s h a l l a p p l y t o t h e e x p o s u r e o f
ever y em ploy ee t o MC in ever y em ploy -
m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t cover ed
b y § 1910.16 i n l i e u o f a n y d i ffe r e n t
st a n da r d on exposu r e t o MC wh ich
wou ld ot h er wise be a pplica ble by vir t u e
of t h a t sect ion wh en it is n ot pr esen t
in sea led, in t a ct con t a in er s.
[43 F R 28473, J u n e 30, 1978, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 45809, Oc t . 3, 1978; 43 F R 53007, N o v . 14,
1978; 44 F R 5447, J a n . 26, 1979; 46 F R 32022,
J u n e 19, 1981; 49 F R 25796, J u n e 22, 1984; 50 F R
51173, D e c . 13, 1985; 52 F R 46291, D e c . 4, 1987;
57 F R 35666, A u g . 10, 1992; 57 F R 42388, S e p t .
14, 1992; 59 F R 41057, A u g . 10, 1994; 61 F R 56831,
N o v . 4, 1996; 62 F R 1600, J a n . 10, 1997]
Subpart C [Reserved]
Subpart D—Walking-Working
Surfaces
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), o r 1–90 (55 F R 9033),
a s a p p l i c a b l e ; a n d 29 CF R p a r t 1911.
§ 1910.21 Definitions.
(a ) A s u s e d i n § 1910.23, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t e x t r e q u i r e s o t h e r w i s e , fl o o r a n d w a l l
open in g, r a ilin g a n d t oe boa r d t er m s
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
sh a ll h a ve t h e m ea n in gs a scr ibed in
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) F loor h ole. A n o p e n i n g m e a s u r i n g
l e s s t h a n 12 i n c h e s b u t m o r e t h a n 1
in ch in it s lea st dim en sion , in a n y
fl o o r , p l a t fo r m , p a v e m e n t , o r y a r d ,
t h r ou gh wh ich m a t er ia ls bu t n ot per -
s o n s m a y fa l l ; s u c h a s a b e l t h o l e , p i p e
open in g, or slot open in g.
(2) F loor op en in g. A n o p e n i n g m e a s -
u r i n g 12 i n c h e s o r m o r e i n i t s l e a s t d i -
m e n s i o n , i n a n y fl o o r , p l a t fo r m , p a v e -
m en t , or y a r d t h r ou gh wh ich per son s
m a y fa l l ; s u c h a s a h a t c h w a y , s t a i r o r
la dder open in g, pit , or la r ge m a n h ole.
F loor open in gs occu pied by eleva t or s,
du m b wa it er s, con vey or s, m a ch in er y ,
o r c o n t a i n e r s a r e e x c l u d e d fr o m t h i s
su bpa r t .
(3) H a n d ra il. A s i n g l e b a r o r p i p e s u p -
p o r t e d o n b r a c k e t s fr o m a w a l l o r p a r -
t i t i o n , a s o n a s t a i r w a y o r r a m p , t o fu r -
n ish per son s wit h a h a n dh old in ca se of
t r ippin g.
(4) P la t f orm . A w o r k i n g s p a c e fo r p e r -
son s, eleva t ed a bove t h e su r r ou n din g
fl o o r o r g r o u n d ; s u c h a s a b a l c o n y o r
p l a t fo r m fo r t h e o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n -
er y a n d equ ipm en t .
(5) R u n w a y . A p a s s a g e w a y fo r p e r -
son s, eleva t ed a bove t h e su r r ou n din g
fl o o r o r g r o u n d l e v e l , s u c h a s a
fo o t w a l k a l o n g s h a ft i n g o r a w a l k w a y
bet ween bu ildin gs.
(6) S t a n d a rd ra ilin g. A v e r t i c a l b a r r i e r
e r e c t e d a l o n g e x p o s e d e d g e s o f a fl o o r
o p e n i n g , w a l l o p e n i n g , r a m p , p l a t fo r m ,
o r r u n w a y t o p r e v e n t fa l l s o f p e r s o n s .
(7) S t a n d a rd st ren gt h a n d con st ru ct ion .
An y con st r u ct ion of r a ilin gs, cover s, or
ot h er gu a r ds t h a t m eet s t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f § 1910.23.
(8) S t a ir ra ilin g. A v e r t i c a l b a r r i e r
er ect ed a lon g exposed sides of a st a ir -
w a y t o p r e v e n t fa l l s o f p e r s o n s .
(9) T oeboa rd . A v e r t i c a l b a r r i e r a t
fl o o r l e v e l e r e c t e d a l o n g e x p o s e d e d g e s
o f a fl o o r o p e n i n g , w a l l o p e n i n g , p l a t -
fo r m , r u n w a y , o r r a m p t o p r e v e n t fa l l s
of m a t er ia ls.
(10) W a ll h ole. A n o p e n i n g l e s s t h a n 30
in ch es bu t m or e t h a n 1 in ch h igh , of
u n r est r ict ed widt h , in a n y wa ll or pa r -
t it ion ; su ch a s a ven t ila t ion h ole or
dr a in a ge scu pper .
(11) W a ll op en in g. A n o p e n i n g a t l e a s t
30 i n c h e s h i g h a n d 18 i n c h e s w i d e , i n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n y wa ll or pa r t it ion , t h r ou gh wh ich
111
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00121 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.21
p e r s o n s m a y fa l l ; s u c h a s a y a r d -a r m
door wa y or ch u t e open in g.
(b ) A s u s e d i n § 1910.24, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t e x t r e q u i r e s o t h e r w i s e , fi x e d i n d u s -
t r ia l st a ir t er m s sh a ll h a ve t h e m ea n -
in g a scr ibed in t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) H a n d ra il. A s i n g l e b a r o r p i p e s u p -
p o r t e d o n b r a c k e t s fr o m a w a l l o r p a r -
t it ion t o pr ovide a con t in u ou s h a n d-
h o l d fo r p e r s o n s u s i n g a s t a i r .
(2) N ose, n osin g. T h a t p o r t i o n o f a
t r e a d p r o j e c t i n g b e y o n d t h e fa c e o f t h e
r iser im m edia t ely below.
(3) O p en riser. T h e a i r s p a c e b e t w e e n
t h e t r ea ds of st a ir wa y s wit h ou t u pr igh t
m e m b e r s (r i s e r s ).
(4) P la t f orm . A n e x t e n d e d s t e p o r
la n din g br ea k in g a con t in u ou s r u n of
st a ir s.
(5) R a ilin g. A v e r t i c a l b a r r i e r e r e c t e d
a lon g exposed sides of st a ir wa y s a n d
p l a t fo r m s t o p r e v e n t fa l l s o f p e r s o n s .
T h e t op m em ber of r a ilin g u su a lly
ser ves a s a h a n dr a il.
(6) R ise. T h e v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e fr o m
t h e t op of a t r ea d t o t h e t op of t h e n ext
h igh er t r ea d.
(7) R iser. T h e u p r i g h t m e m b e r o f a
st ep sit u a t ed a t t h e ba ck of a lower
t r ea d a n d n ea r t h e lea din g edge of t h e
n ext h igh er t r ea d.
(8) S t a irs, st a irw a y . A s e r i e s o f s t e p s
l e a d i n g fr o m o n e l e v e l o r fl o o r t o a n -
o t h e r , o r l e a d i n g t o p l a t fo r m s , p i t s ,
boiler r oom s, cr ossover s, or a r ou n d m a -
ch in er y , t a n k s, a n d ot h er equ ipm en t
t h a t a r e u sed m or e or less con t in u ou sly
or r ou t in ely by em ploy ees, or on ly oc-
c a s i o n a l l y b y s p e c i fi c i n d i v i d u a l s . A s e -
r ies of st eps a n d la n din gs h a vin g t h r ee
or m or e r iser s con st it u t es st a ir s or
st a ir wa y .
(9) T rea d . T h e h o r i zo n t a l m e m b e r o f a
st ep.
(10) T rea d ru n . T h e h o r i zo n t a l d i s -
t a n c e fr o m t h e l e a d i n g e d g e o f a t r e a d
t o t h e lea din g edge of a n a dja cen t
t r ea d.
(11) T rea d w id t h . T h e h o r i zo n t a l d i s -
t a n c e fr o m fr o n t t o b a c k o f t r e a d i n -
clu din g n osin g wh en u sed.
(c ) A s u s e d i n § 1910.25, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t ext r equ ir es ot h er wise, por t a ble wood
la dder s t er m s sh a ll h a ve t h e m ea n in gs
a scr ibed in t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) L a d d ers. A l a d d e r i s a n a p p l i a n c e
u su a lly con sist in g of t wo side r a ils
join ed a t r egu la r in t er va ls by cr oss-
pieces ca lled st eps, r u n gs, or clea t s, on
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.21
wh ich a per son m a y st ep in a scen din g
or descen din g.
(2) S t ep la d d er. A s t e p l a d d e r i s a
s e l fs u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d d e r , n o n -
a d j u s t a b l e i n l e n g t h , h a v i n g fl a t s t e p s
a n d a h i n g e d b a c k . I t s s i ze i s d e s -
ign a t ed by t h e over a ll len gt h of t h e
l a d d e r m e a s u r e d a l o n g t h e fr o n t e d g e o f
t h e side r a ils.
(3) S in gle la d d er. A s i n g l e l a d d e r i s a
n o n -s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d d e r ,
n on a dju st a ble in len gt h , con sist in g of
b u t o n e s e c t i o n . I t s s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d
by t h e over a ll len gt h of t h e side r a il.
(4) E x t en sion la d d er. A n e x t e n s i o n l a d -
d e r i s a n o n -s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e
la dder a dju st a ble in len gt h . It con sist s
of t wo or m or e sect ion s t r a velin g in
gu ides or br a ck et s so a r r a n ged a s t o
p e r m i t l e n g t h a d j u s t m e n t . I t s s i ze i s
design a t ed by t h e su m of t h e len gt h s of
t h e sect ion s m ea su r ed a lon g t h e side
r a ils.
(5) S ect ion a l la d d er. A s e c t i o n a l l a d d e r
i s a n o n -s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d -
der , n on a dju st a ble in len gt h , con sist in g
of t wo or m or e sect ion s of la dder so
con st r u ct ed t h a t t h e sect ion s m a y be
c o m b i n e d t o fu n c t i o n a s a s i n g l e l a d -
d e r . I t s s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e o v e r a l l
len gt h of t h e a ssem bled sect ion s.
(6) T rest le la d d er. A t r e s t l e l a d d e r i s a
s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d d e r , n o n -
a dju st a ble in len gt h , con sist in g of t wo
s e c t i o n s h i n g e d a t t h e t o p t o fo r m
e q u a l a n g l e s w i t h t h e b a s e . T h e s i ze i s
design a t ed by t h e len gt h of t h e side
r a i l s m e a s u r e d a l o n g t h e fr o n t e d g e .
(7) E x t en sion t rest le la d d er. A n e x t e n -
s i o n t r e s t l e l a d d e r i s a s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g
por t a ble la dder , a dju st a ble in len gt h ,
con sist in g of a t r est le la dder ba se a n d
a ver t ica lly a dju st a ble sin gle la dder ,
w i t h s u i t a b l e m e a n s fo r l o c k i n g t h e
l a d d e r s t o g e t h e r . T h e s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d
by t h e len gt h of t h e t r est le la dder ba se.
(8) S p ecia l-p u rp ose la d d er. A s p e c i a l -
pu r pose la dder is a por t a ble la dder
w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s e i t h e r a m o d i fi c a t i o n
or a com bin a t ion of design or con st r u c-
t i o n fe a t u r e s i n o n e o f t h e g e n e r a l -p u r -
pose t y pes of la dder s pr eviou sly de-
fi n e d , i n o r d e r t o a d a p t t h e l a d d e r t o
s p e c i a l o r s p e c i fi c u s e s .
(9) T rolley la d d er. A t r o l l e y l a d d e r i s a
s e m i fi x e d l a d d e r , n o n a d j u s t a b l e i n
len gt h , su ppor t ed by a t t a ch m en t s t o a n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
over h ea d t r a ck , t h e pla n e of t h e la dder
112
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
bein g a t r igh t a n gles t o t h e pla n e of
m ot ion .
(10) S id e-rollin g la d d er. A s i d e -r o l l i n g
l a d d e r i s a s e m i fi x e d l a d d e r , n o n a d j u s t -
a ble in len gt h , su ppor t ed by a t t a ch -
m en t s t o a gu ide r a il, wh ich is gen -
e r a l l y fa s t e n e d t o s h e l v i n g , t h e p l a n e o f
t h e la dder bein g a lso it s pla n e of m o-
t ion .
(11) W ood ch a ra ct erist ics. Wo o d c h a r -
a c t e r i s t i c s a r e d i s t i n g u i s h i n g fe a t u r e s
wh ich by t h eir ext en t a n d n u m ber de-
t er m in e t h e qu a lit y of a piece of wood.
(12) W ood irregu la rit ies. Wo o d i r r e g -
u la r it ies a r e n a t u r a l ch a r a ct er ist ics in
or on wood t h a t m a y lower it s du r a -
bilit y , st r en gt h , or u t ilit y .
(13) Cross gra in . Cr o s s g r a i n (s l o p e o f
g r a i n ) i s a d e v i a t i o n o f t h e fi b e r d i r e c -
t i o n fr o m a l i n e p a r a l l e l t o t h e s i d e s o f
t h e piece.
(14) K n ot . A k n o t i s a b r a n c h o r l i m b ,
im bedded in t h e t r ee a n d cu t t h r ou gh
i n t h e p r o c e s s o f l u m b e r m a n u fa c t u r e ,
c l a s s i fi e d a c c o r d i n g t o s i ze , q u a l i t y ,
a n d o c c u r r e n c e . T h e s i ze o f t h e k n o t i s
det er m in ed a s t h e a ver a ge dia m et er on
t h e s u r fa c e o f t h e p i e c e .
(15) P it ch a n d ba rk p ock et s. A p i t c h
pock et is a n open in g ext en din g pa r a llel
t o t h e a n n u a l gr owt h r in gs con t a in in g,
or t h a t h a s con t a in ed, pit ch , eit h er
solid or liqu id. A ba r k pock et is a n
open in g bet ween a n n u a l gr owt h r in gs
t h a t con t a in s ba r k .
(16) S h a k e. A s h a k e i s a s e p a r a t i o n
a lon g t h e gr a in , m ost of wh ich occu r s
bet ween t h e r in gs of a n n u a l gr owt h .
(17) Ch eck . A c h e c k i s a l e n g t h w i s e
sepa r a t ion of t h e wood, m ost of wh ich
occu r s a cr oss t h e r in gs of a n n u a l
gr owt h .
(18) W a n e. Wa n e i s b a r k , o r t h e l a c k
o f w o o d fr o m a n y c a u s e , o n t h e c o r n e r
of a piece.
(19) D eca y . D e c a y i s d i s i n t e g r a t i o n o f
wood su bst a n ce du e t o a ct ion of wood-
d e s t r o y i n g fu n g i . I t i s a l s o k n o w n a s
dot e a n d r ot .
(20) Com p ression f a ilu re. A c o m p r e s -
s i o n fa i l u r e i s a d e fo r m a t i o n (b u c k l i n g )
o f t h e fi b e r s d u e t o e x c e s s i v e c o m p r e s -
sion a lon g t h e gr a in .
(21) Com p ression w ood . Co m p r e s s i o n
w o o d i s a n a b e r r a n t (a b n o r m a l ) a n d
h igh ly va r ia ble t y pe of wood st r u ct u r e
o c c u r r i n g i n s o ft w o o d s p e c i e s . T h e
wood com m on ly h a s den sit y som ewh a t
h igh er t h a n does n or m a l wood, bu t
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
s o m e w h a t l o w e r s t i ffn e s s a n d t e n s i l e
s t r e n g t h fo r i t s w e i g h t i n a d d i t i o n t o
h igh lon git u din a l sh r in k a ge.
(22) L ow d en sit y . L o w -d e n s i t y w o o d i s
t h a t wh ich is except ion a lly ligh t in
weigh t and u su a lly d e fi c i e n t in
s t r e n g t h p r o p e r t i e s fo r t h e s p e c i e s .
(d ) A s u s e d i n § 1910.26, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t ext r equ ir es ot h er wise, por t a ble m et a l
la dder t er m s sh a ll h a ve t h e m ea n in gs
a scr ibed in t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) L a d d er. A l a d d e r i s a n a p p l i a n c e
u su a lly con sist in g of t wo side r a ils
join ed a t r egu la r in t er va ls by cr oss-
pieces ca lled st eps, r u n gs, or clea t s, on
wh ich a per son m a y st ep in a scen din g
or descen din g.
(2) S t ep la d d er. A s t e p l a d d e r i s a s e l f-
su ppor t in g por t a ble la dder , n on a dju st -
a b l e i n l e n g t h , h a v i n g fl a t s t e p s a n d a
h i n g e d b a c k . I t s s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d b y
t h e over a ll len gt h of t h e la dder m ea s-
u r e d a l o n g t h e fr o n t e d g e o f t h e s i d e
r a ils.
(3) S in gle la d d er. A s i n g l e l a d d e r i s a
n o n -s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d d e r ,
n on a dju st a ble in len gt h , con sist in g of
b u t o n e s e c t i o n . I t s s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d
by t h e over a ll len gt h of t h e side r a il.
(4) E x t en sion la d d er. A n e x t e n s i o n l a d -
d e r i s a n o n -s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e
la dder a dju st a ble in len gt h . It con sist s
of t wo or m or e sect ion s t r a velin g in
gu ides or br a ck et s so a r r a n ged a s t o
p e r m i t l e n g t h a d j u s t m e n t . I t s s i ze i s
design a t ed by t h e su m of t h e len gt h s of
t h e sect ion s m ea su r ed a lon g t h e side
r a ils.
(5) P la t f orm la d d er. A s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g
l a d d e r o f fi x e d s i ze w i t h a p l a t fo r m p r o -
v i d e d a t t h e w o r k i n g l e v e l . T h e s i ze i s
det er m in ed by t h e dist a n ce a lon g t h e
fr o n t r a i l fr o m t h e p l a t fo r m t o t h e b a s e
of t h e la dder .
(6) S ect ion a l la d d er. A s e c t i o n a l l a d d e r
i s a n o n -s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d -
d e r , n o n -a d j u s t a b l e i n l e n g t h , c o n -
sist in g of t wo or m or e sect ion s so con -
st r u ct ed t h a t t h e sect ion s m a y be com -
b i n e d t o fu n c t i o n a s a s i n g l e l a d d e r . I t s
s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e o v e r a l l l e n g t h
of t h e a ssem bled sect ion s.
(7) T rest le la d d er. A t r e s t l e l a d d e r i s a
s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g p o r t a b l e l a d d e r , n o n -a d -
ju st a ble in len gt h , con sist in g of t wo
s e c t i o n s , h i n g e d a t t h e t o p t o fo r m
e q u a l a n g l e s w i t h t h e b a s e . T h e s i ze i s
design a t ed by t h e len gt h of t h e side
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r a i l s m e a s u r e d a l o n g t h e fr o n t e d g e .
113
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§ 1910.21
(8) E x t en sion t rest le la d d er. A n e x t e n -
s i o n t r e s t l e l a d d e r i s a s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g
por t a ble la dder , a dju st a ble in len gt h ,
con sist in g of a t r est le la dder ba se a n d
a ver t ica lly a dju st a ble sin gle la dder ,
w i t h s u i t a b l e m e a n s fo r l o c k i n g t h e
l a d d e r s t o g e t h e r . T h e s i ze i s d e s i g n a t e d
by t h e len gt h of t h e t r est le la dder ba se.
(9) S p ecia l-p u rp ose la d d er. A s p e c i a l -
pu r pose la dder is a por t a ble la dder
w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s e i t h e r a m o d i fi c a t i o n
or a com bin a t ion of design or con st r u c-
t i o n fe a t u r e s i n o n e o f t h e g e n e r a l -p u r -
pose t y pes of la dder s pr eviou sly de-
fi n e d , i n o r d e r t o a d a p t t h e l a d d e r t o
s p e c i a l o r s p e c i fi c u s e s .
(e ) A s u s e d i n § 1910.27, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t e x t r e q u i r e s o t h e r w i s e , fi x e d l a d d e r
t er m s sh a ll h a ve t h e m ea n in gs a scr ibed
in t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) L a d d er. A l a d d e r i s a n a p p l i a n c e
u su a lly con sist in g of t wo side r a ils
join ed a t r egu la r in t er va ls by cr oss-
pieces ca lled st eps, r u n gs, or clea t s, on
wh ich a per son m a y st ep in a scen din g
or descen din g.
(2) F ix ed la d d er. A fi x e d l a d d e r i s a
la dder per m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o a
st r u ct u r e, bu ildin g, or equ ipm en t .
(3) I n d iv id u a l-ru n g la d d er. A n i n d i -
v i d u a l -r u n g l a d d e r i s a fi x e d l a d d e r
ea ch r u n g of wh ich is in dividu a lly a t -
t a ch ed t o a st r u ct u r e, bu ildin g, or
equ ipm en t .
(4) R a il la d d er. A r a i l l a d d e r i s a fi x e d
la dder con sist in g of side r a ils join ed a t
r egu la r in t er va ls by r u n gs or clea t s a n d
fa s t e n e d i n fu l l l e n g t h o r i n s e c t i o n s t o
a bu ildin g, st r u ct u r e, or equ ipm en t .
(5) R a ilin gs. A r a i l i n g i s a n y o n e o r a
com bin a t ion of t h ose r a ilin gs con -
s t r u c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h § 1910.23. A
st a n da r d r a ilin g is a ver t ica l ba r r ier
e r e c t e d a l o n g e x p o s e d e d g e s o f fl o o r
open in gs, wa ll open in gs, r a m ps, pla t -
fo r m s , a n d r u n w a y s t o p r e v e n t fa l l s o f
per son s.
(6) P it ch . P i t c h i s t h e i n c l u d e d a n g l e
b e t w e e n t h e h o r i zo n t a l a n d t h e l a d d e r ,
m ea su r ed on t h e opposit e side of t h e
l a d d e r fr o m t h e c l i m b i n g s i d e .
(7) F a st en in gs. A fa s t e n i n g i s a d e v i c e
t o a t t a ch a la dder t o a st r u ct u r e, bu ild-
in g, or equ ipm en t .
(8) R u n gs. R u n g s a r e l a d d e r c r o s s -
p i e c e s o f c i r c u l a r o r o v a l c r o s s -s e c t i o n
on wh ich a per son m a y st ep in a scen d-
in g or descen din g.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.21
(9) Clea t s. Cl e a t s a r e l a d d e r c r o s s -
p i e c e s o f r e c t a n g u l a r c r o s s -s e c t i o n
pla ced on edge on wh ich a per son m a y
st ep in a scen din g or descen din g.
(10) S t ep s. S t e p s a r e t h e fl a t c r o s s -
pieces of a la dder on wh ich a per son
m a y st ep in a scen din g or descen din g.
(11) Ca ge. A c a g e i s a g u a r d t h a t m a y
b e r e fe r r e d t o a s a c a g e o r b a s k e t g u a r d
w h i c h i s a n e n c l o s u r e t h a t i s fa s t e n e d
t o t h e s i d e r a i l s o f t h e fi x e d l a d d e r o r
t o t h e st r u ct u r e t o en cir cle t h e clim b-
i n g s p a c e o f t h e l a d d e r fo r t h e s a fe t y o f
t h e per son wh o m u st clim b t h e la dder .
(12) W ell. A w e l l i s a p e r m a n e n t c o m -
p l e t e e n c l o s u r e a r o u n d a fi x e d l a d d e r ,
wh ich is a t t a ch ed t o t h e wa lls of t h e
w e l l . P r o p e r c l e a r a n c e s fo r a w e l l w i l l
give t h e per son wh o m u st clim b t h e
la dder t h e sa m e pr ot ect ion a s a ca ge.
(13) L a d d er sa f et y d ev ice. A l a d d e r
s a fe t y d e v i c e i s a n y d e v i c e , o t h e r t h a n
a ca ge or well, design ed t o elim in a t e or
r edu ce t h e possibilit y of a cciden t a l
fa l l s a n d w h i c h m a y i n c o r p o r a t e s u c h
fe a t u r e s a s l i fe b e l t s , fr i c t i o n b r a k e s ,
a n d slidin g a t t a ch m en t s.
(14) Gra b ba rs. G r a b b a r s a r e i n d i -
vidu a l h a n dh olds pla ced a dja cen t t o or
a s a n e x t e n s i o n a b o v e l a d d e r s fo r t h e
pu r pose of pr ovidin g a ccess bey on d t h e
lim it s of t h e la dder .
(15) T h rou gh la d d er. A t h r o u g h l a d d e r
i s o n e fr o m w h i c h a m a n g e t t i n g o ff a t
t h e t op m u st st ep t h r ou gh t h e la dder in
or der t o r ea ch t h e la n din g.
(16) S id e-st ep la d d er. A s i d e -s t e p l a d -
d e r i s o n e fr o m w h i c h a m a n g e t t i n g o ff
a t t h e t o p m u s t s t e p s i d e w a y s fr o m t h e
la dder in or der t o r ea ch t h e la n din g.
(f) A s u s e d i n § 1910.28, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t e x t r e q u i r e s o t h e r w i s e , s c a ffo l d i n g
t er m s sh a ll h a ve t h e m ea n in g a scr ibed
in t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) B ea rer. A h o r i zo n t a l m e m b e r o f a
s c a ffo l d u p o n w h i c h t h e p l a t fo r m r e s t s
a n d wh ich m a y be su ppor t ed by ledg-
er s.
(2) B oa t sw a in ’s ch a ir. A s e a t s u p -
por t ed by slin gs a t t a ch ed t o a su s-
pen ded r ope, design ed t o a ccom m oda t e
on e wor k m a n in a sit t in g posit ion .
(3) B ra ce. A t i e t h a t h o l d s o n e s c a f-
fo l d m e m b e r i n a fi x e d p o s i t i o n w i t h
r espect t o a n ot h er m em ber .
(4) B rick la y ers’ squ a re sca f f old . A s c a f-
fo l d c o m p o s e d o f fr a m e d w o o d s q u a r e s
w h i c h s u p p o r t a p l a t fo r m l i m i t e d t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ligh t a n d m ediu m du t y .
114
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(5) Ca rp en t ers’ bra ck et sca f f old . A s c a f-
fo l d c o n s i s t i n g o f w o o d o r m e t a l b r a c k -
e t s s u p p o r t i n g a p l a t fo r m .
(6) Cou p ler. A d e v i c e fo r l o c k i n g t o -
get h er t h e com pon en t pa r t s of a t u bu -
l a r m e t a l s c a ffo l d . T h e m a t e r i a l u s e d
fo r t h e c o u p l e r s s h a l l b e o f a s t r u c t u r a l
t y p e , s u c h a s a d r o p -fo r g e d s t e e l , m a l -
lea ble ir on , or st r u ct u r a l gr a de a lu -
m in u m . T h e u se of gr a y ca st ir on is
pr oh ibit ed.
(7) Cra w lin g boa rd or ch ick en la d d er. A
pla n k wit h clea t s spa ced a n d secu r ed a t
e q u a l i n t e r v a l s , fo r u s e b y a w o r k e r o n
r o o fs , n o t d e s i g n e d t o c a r r y a n y m a t e -
r ia l.
(8) D ou ble p ole or in d ep en d en t p ole
sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d s u p p o r t e d fr o m t h e
ba se by a dou ble r ow of u pr igh t s, in de-
p e n d e n t o f s u p p o r t fr o m t h e w a l l s a n d
con st r u ct ed of u pr igh t s, ledger s, h or i-
zo n t a l p l a t fo r m b e a r e r s , a n d d i a g o n a l
br a cin g.
(9) F loa t or sh ip sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d
h u n g fr o m o v e r h e a d s u p p o r t s b y m e a n s
of r opes a n d con sist in g of a su bst a n t ia l
p l a t fo r m h a v i n g d i a g o n a l b r a c i n g u n -
der n ea t h , r est in g u pon a n d secu r ely
fa s t e n e d t o t w o p a r a l l e l p l a n k b e a r e r s
a t r igh t a n gles t o t h e spa n .
(10) Gu a rd ra il. A r a i l s e c u r e d t o
u pr igh t s a n d er ect ed a lon g t h e exposed
s i d e s a n d e n d s o f p l a t fo r m s .
(11) H ea v y d u t y sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed t o ca r r y a
w o r k i n g l o a d n o t t o e x c e e d 75 p o u n d s
p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
(12) H orse sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d fo r l i g h t
or m ediu m du t y , com posed of h or ses
s u p p o r t i n g a w o r k p l a t fo r m .
(13) I n t erior h u n g sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d
s u s p e n d e d fr o m t h e c e i l i n g o r r o o f
st r u ct u r e.
(14) L a d d er ja ck sca f f old . A l i g h t d u t y
s c a ffo l d s u p p o r t e d b y b r a c k e t s a t -
t a ch ed t o la dder s.
(15) L ed ger (st rin ger). A h o r i zo n t a l
s c a ffo l d m e m b e r w h i c h e x t e n d s fr o m
post t o post a n d wh ich su ppor t s t h e
p u t l o g s o r b e a r e r fo r m i n g a t i e b e t w e e n
t h e post s.
(16) L igh t d u t y sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed t o ca r r y a
w o r k i n g l o a d n o t t o e x c e e d 25 p o u n d s
p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
(17) M a n u a lly p rop elled m obile sca f f old .
A p o r t a b l e r o l l i n g s c a ffo l d s u p p o r t e d
by ca st er s.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(18) M a son s’ a d ju st a ble m u lt ip le-p oin t
su sp en sion sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d h a v i n g a
c o n t i n u o u s p l a t fo r m s u p p o r t e d b y b e a r -
e r s s u s p e n d e d b y w i r e r o p e fr o m o v e r -
h ea d su ppor t s, so a r r a n ged a n d oper -
a t ed a s t o per m it t h e r a isin g or low-
e r i n g o f t h e p l a t fo r m t o d e s i r e d w o r k -
in g posit ion s.
(19) M a x im u m in t en d ed loa d . T h e t o t a l
of a ll loa ds in clu din g t h e wor k in g loa d,
t h e w e i g h t o f t h e s c a ffo l d , a n d s u c h
ot h er loa ds a s m a y be r ea son a bly a n -
t icipa t ed.
(20) M ed iu m d u t y sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d
design ed a n d con st r u ct ed t o ca r r y a
w o r k i n g l o a d n o t t o e x c e e d 50 p o u n d s
p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
(21) M id -ra il. A r a i l a p p r o x i m a t e l y
m idwa y bet ween t h e gu a r dr a il a n d
p l a t fo r m , u s e d w h e n r e q u i r e d , a n d s e -
cu r ed t o t h e u pr igh t s er ect ed a lon g t h e
e x p o s e d s i d e s a n d e n d s o f p l a t fo r m s .
(22) N eed le bea m sca f f old . A l i g h t d u t y
s c a ffo l d c o n s i s t i n g o f n e e d l e b e a m s
s u p p o r t i n g a p l a t fo r m .
(23) O u t rigger sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d s u p -
por t ed by ou t r igger s or t h r u st ou t s pr o-
j e c t i n g b e y o n d t h e w a l l o r fa c e o f t h e
bu ildin g or st r u ct u r e, t h e in boa r d en ds
of wh ich a r e secu r ed in side of su ch a
bu ildin g or st r u ct u r e.
(24) P u t log. A s c a ffo l d m e m b e r u p o n
w h i c h t h e p l a t fo r m r e s t s .
(25) R oof in g bra ck et . A b r a c k e t u s e d i n
sloped r oof con st r u ct ion , h a vin g pr ovi-
s i o n s fo r fa s t e n i n g t o t h e r o o f o r s u p -
p o r t e d b y r o p e s fa s t e n e d o v e r t h e r i d g e
a n d secu r ed t o som e su it a ble object .
(26) R u n n er. T h e l e n g t h w i s e h o r i -
zo n t a l b r a c i n g o r b e a r i n g m e m b e r s o r
bot h .
(27) S ca f f old . A n y t e m p o r a r y e l e v a t e d
p l a t fo r m a n d i t s s u p p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e
u s e d fo r s u p p o r t i n g w o r k m e n o r m a t e -
r ia ls or bot h .
(28) S in gle-p oin t a d ju st a ble su sp en sion
sca f f old . A m a n u a l l y o r p o w e r -o p e r a t e d
u n i t d e s i g n e d fo r l i g h t d u t y u s e , s u p -
p o r t e d b y a s i n g l e w i r e r o p e fr o m a n
over h ea d su ppor t so a r r a n ged a n d oper -
a t ed a s t o per m it t h e r a isin g or low-
e r i n g o f t h e p l a t fo r m t o d e s i r e d w o r k -
in g posit ion s.
(29) S in gle p ole sca f f old . P l a t fo r m s
r est in g on pu t logs or cr ossbea m s, t h e
ou t side en ds of wh ich a r e su ppor t ed on
ledger s secu r ed t o a sin gle r ow of post s
or u pr igh t s a n d t h e in n er en ds of wh ich
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a r e su ppor t ed on or in a wa ll.
115
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§ 1910.21
(30) S t on e set t ers’ a d ju st a ble m u lt ip le-
p oin t su sp en sion sca f f old . A s w i n g i n g -
t y p e s c a ffo l d h a v i n g a p l a t fo r m s u p -
p o r t e d b y h a n g e r s s u s p e n d e d a t fo u r
poin t s so a s t o per m it t h e r a isin g or
l o w e r i n g o f t h e p l a t fo r m t o t h e d e s i r e d
wor k in g posit ion by t h e u se of h oist in g
m a ch in es.
(31) T oeboa rd . A b a r r i e r s e c u r e d a l o n g
t h e s i d e s a n d e n d s o f a p l a t fo r m , t o
g u a r d a g a i n s t t h e fa l l i n g o f m a t e r i a l .
(32) T u be a n d cou p ler sca f f old . A n a s -
sem bly con sist in g of t u bin g wh ich
ser ves a s post s, bea r er s, br a ces, t ies,
a n d r u n n er s, a ba se su ppor t in g t h e
post s, a n d specia l cou pler s wh ich ser ve
t o con n ect t h e u pr igh t s a n d t o join t h e
va r iou s m em ber s.
(33) T u bu la r w eld ed f ra m e sca f f old . A
s e c t i o n a l , p a n e l , o r fr a m e m e t a l s c a f-
fo l d s u b s t a n t i a l l y b u i l t u p o f p r e fa b -
r ica t ed welded sect ion s wh ich con sist
o f p o s t s a n d h o r i zo n t a l b e a r e r w i t h i n -
t e r m e d i a t e m e m b e r s . P a n e l s o r fr a m e s
sh a ll be br a ced wit h dia gon a l or cr oss
br a ces.
(34) T w o-p oin t su sp en sion sca f f old
(sw in gin g sca f f old ). A s c a ffo l d , t h e p l a t -
fo r m o f w h i c h i s s u p p o r t e d b y h a n g e r s
(s t i r r u p s ) a t t w o p o i n t s , s u s p e n d e d
fr o m o v e r h e a d s u p p o r t s s o a s t o p e r m i t
t h e r a i s i n g o r l o w e r i n g o f t h e p l a t fo r m
t o t h e desir ed wor k in g posit ion by
t a ck le or h oist in g m a ch in es.
(35) W in d ow ja ck sca f f old . A s c a ffo l d ,
t h e p l a t fo r m o f w h i c h i s s u p p o r t e d b y a
br a ck et or ja ck wh ich pr oject s t h r ou gh
a win dow open in g.
(36) W ork in g loa d . L o a d i m p o s e d b y
m en , m a t er ia ls, a n d equ ipm en t .
(g ) A s u s e d i n § 1910.29, u n l e s s t h e c o n -
t ext r equ ir es ot h er wise, m a n u a lly pr o-
p e l l e d m o b i l e l a d d e r s t a n d a n d s c a ffo l d
(t o w e r ) t e r m s s h a l l h a v e t h e m e a n i n g
a scr ibed in t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) B ea rer. A h o r i zo n t a l m e m b e r o f a
s c a ffo l d u p o n w h i c h t h e p l a t fo r m r e s t s
a n d wh ich m a y be su ppor t ed by ledg-
er s.
(2) B ra ce. A t i e t h a t h o l d s o n e s c a f-
fo l d m e m b e r i n a fi x e d p o s i t i o n w i t h
r espect t o a n ot h er m em ber .
(3) Clim bin g la d d er. A s e p a r a t e l a d d e r
wit h equ a lly spa ced r u n gs u su a lly a t -
t a c h e d t o t h e s c a ffo l d s t r u c t u r e fo r
clim bin g a n d descen din g.
(4) Cou p ler. A d e v i c e fo r l o c k i n g t o -
get h er t h e com pon en t s of a t u bu la r
m e t a l s c a ffo l d w h i c h s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.22
a n d u s e d t o s a fe l y s u p p o r t t h e m a x -
im u m in t en ded loa ds.
(5) D esign w ork in g loa d . T h e m a x -
im u m in t en ded loa d, bein g t h e t ot a l of
a ll loa ds in clu din g t h e weigh t of t h e
m en , m a t er ia ls, equ ipm en t , a n d pla t -
fo r m .
(6) E qu iv a len t . A l t e r n a t i v e d e s i g n o r
fe a t u r e s , w h i c h w i l l p r o v i d e a n e q u a l
d e g r e e o r fa c t o r o f s a fe t y .
(7) Gu a rd ra il. A b a r r i e r s e c u r e d t o
u pr igh t s a n d er ect ed a lon g t h e exposed
s i d e s a n d e n d s o f p l a t fo r m s t o p r e v e n t
fa l l s o f p e r s o n s .
(8) H a n d ra il. A r a i l c o n n e c t e d t o a
la dder st a n d r u n n in g pa r a llel t o t h e
s l o p e a n d /o r t o p s t e p .
(9) L a d d er st a n d . A m o b i l e fi x e d s i ze
s e l f-s u p p o r t i n g l a d d e r c o n s i s t i n g o f a
w i d e fl a t t r e a d l a d d e r i n t h e fo r m o f
st a ir s. T h e a ssem bly m a y in clu de h a n d-
r a ils.
(10) L ed ger (st rin ger). A h o r i zo n t a l
s c a ffo l d m e m b e r w h i c h e x t e n d s fr o m
post t o post a n d wh ich su ppor t s t h e
b e a r e r fo r m i n g a t i e b e t w e e n t h e p o s t s .
(11) M obile sca f f old (t ow er). A l i g h t ,
m e d i u m , o r h e a v y d u t y s c a ffo l d m o u n t -
ed on ca st er s or wh eels.
(12) M obile. ‘‘M a n u a l l y p r o p e l l e d .’’
(13) M obile w ork p la t f orm . G e n e r a l l y a
fi x e d w o r k l e v e l o n e fr a m e h i g h o n
ca st er s or wh eels, wit h br a cin g dia go-
n a l l y fr o m p l a t fo r m t o v e r t i c a l fr a m e .
(14) R u n n er. T h e l e n g t h w i s e h o r i -
zo n t a l b r a c i n g a n d /o r b e a r i n g m e m b e r s .
(15) S ca f f old . A n y t e m p o r a r y e l e v a t e d
p l a t fo r m a n d i t s n e c e s s a r y v e r t i c a l , d i -
a g o n a l , a n d h o r i zo n t a l m e m b e r s u s e d
fo r s u p p o r t i n g w o r k m e n a n d m a t e r i a l s .
(A l s o k n o w n a s a s c a ffo l d t o w e r .)
(16) T oeboa rd . A b a r r i e r a t p l a t fo r m
level er ect ed a lon g t h e exposed sides
a n d e n d s o f a s c a ffo l d p l a t fo r m t o p r e -
v e n t fa l l s o f m a t e r i a l s .
(17) T u be a n d cou p ler sca f f old . A n a s -
sem bly con sist in g of t u bin g wh ich
ser ves a s post s, bea r er s, br a ces, t ies,
a n d r u n n er s, a ba se su ppor t in g t h e
post s, a n d u pr igh t s, a n d ser ves t o join
t h e va r iou s m em ber s, u su a lly u sed in
fi x e d l o c a t i o n s .
(18) T u bu la r w eld ed f ra m e sca f f old . A
s e c t i o n a l , p a n e l , o r fr a m e m e t a l s c a f-
fo l d s u b s t a n t i a l l y b u i l t u p o f p r e fa b -
r ica t ed welded sect ion s, wh ich con sist
of post s a n d bea r er s wit h in t er m edia t e
con n ect in g m em ber s a n d br a ced wit h
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
dia gon a l or cr oss br a ces.
116
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(19) T u bu la r w eld ed sect ion a l f old in g
sca f f old . A s e c t i o n a l , fo l d i n g m e t a l
s c a ffo l d e i t h e r o f l a d d e r fr a m e o r i n s i d e
st a ir wa y design , su bst a n t ia lly bu ilt of
p r e fa b r i c a t e d w e l d e d s e c t i o n s , w h i c h
c o n s i s t o f e n d fr a m e s , p l a t fo r m fr a m e ,
i n s i d e i n c l i n e d s t a i r w a y fr a m e a n d
br a ces, or h in ged con n ect ed dia gon a l
a n d h o r i zo n t a l b r a c e s , c a p a b l e o f b e i n g
fo l d e d i n t o a fl a t p a c k a g e w h e n t h e
s c a ffo l d i s n o t i n u s e .
(20) W ork lev el. T h e e l e v a t e d p l a t -
fo r m , u s e d fo r s u p p o r t i n g w o r k m e n a n d
t h eir m a t er ia ls, com pr isin g t h e n ec-
e s s a r y v e r t i c a l , h o r i zo n t a l , a n d d i a g o -
n a l b r a c e s , g u a r d r a i l s , a n d l a d d e r fo r
a c c e s s t o t h e w o r k p l a t fo r m .
§ 1910.22 General requirements.
T h is sect ion a pplies t o a ll per m a n en t
pla ces of em ploy m en t , except wh er e
dom est ic, m in in g, or a gr icu lt u r a l wor k
o n l y i s p e r fo r m e d . M e a s u r e s fo r t h e
con t r ol of t oxic m a t er ia ls a r e con sid-
er ed t o be ou t side t h e scope of t h is sec-
t ion .
(a ) H ou sek eep in g. (1) A l l p l a c e s o f e m -
ploy m en t , pa ssa gewa y s, st or er oom s,
a n d ser vice r oom s sh a ll be k ept clea n
a n d or der ly a n d in a sa n it a r y con di-
t ion .
(2) T h e fl o o r o f e v e r y w o r k r o o m s h a l l
b e m a i n t a i n e d i n a c l e a n a n d , s o fa r a s
p o s s i b l e , a d r y c o n d i t i o n . Wh e r e w e t
pr ocesses a r e u sed, dr a in a ge sh a ll be
m a i n t a i n e d , a n d fa l s e fl o o r s , p l a t fo r m s ,
m a t s, or ot h er dr y st a n din g pla ces
sh ou ld be pr ovided wh er e pr a ct ica ble.
(3) T o fa c i l i t a t e c l e a n i n g , e v e r y fl o o r ,
wor k in g pla ce, a n d pa ssa gewa y sh a ll be
k e p t fr e e fr o m p r o t r u d i n g n a i l s , s p l i n -
t er s, h oles, or loose boa r ds.
(b ) A isles a n d p a ssa gew a y s. (1) Wh e r e
m ech a n ica l h a n dlin g equ ipm en t is
u s e d , s u ffi c i e n t s a fe c l e a r a n c e s s h a l l b e
a l l o w e d fo r a i s l e s , a t l o a d i n g d o c k s ,
t h r ou gh door wa y s a n d wh er ever t u r n s
or pa ssa ge m u st be m a de. Aisles a n d
pa ssa gewa y s sh a ll be k ept clea r a n d in
good r epa ir s, wit h n o obst r u ct ion
a cr oss or in a isles t h a t cou ld cr ea t e a
h a za r d .
(2) P e r m a n e n t a i s l e s a n d p a s s a g e w a y s
sh a ll be a ppr opr ia t ely m a r k ed.
(c ) Cov ers a n d gu a rd ra ils. Co v e r s a n d /
or gu a r dr a ils sh a ll be pr ovided t o pr o-
t e c t p e r s o n n e l fr o m t h e h a za r d s o f o p e n
pit s, t a n k s, va t s, dit ch es, et c.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(d ) F loor loa d in g p rot ect ion . (1) I n
ever y bu ildin g or ot h er st r u ct u r e, or
p a r t t h e r e o f, u s e d fo r m e r c a n t i l e , b u s i -
n ess, in du st r ia l, or st or a ge pu r poses,
t h e l o a d s a p p r o v e d b y t h e b u i l d i n g o ffi -
cia l sh a ll be m a r k ed on pla t es of a p-
pr oved design wh ich sh a ll be su pplied
a n d s e c u r e l y a ffi x e d b y t h e o w n e r o f
t h e b u i l d i n g , o r h i s d u l y a u t h o r i ze d
a gen t , in a con spicu ou s pla ce in ea ch
spa ce t o wh ich t h ey r ela t e. S u ch pla t es
s h a l l n o t b e r e m o v e d o r d e fa c e d b u t , i f
l o s t , r e m o v e d , o r d e fa c e d , s h a l l b e r e -
pla ced by t h e own er or h is a gen t .
(2) I t s h a l l b e u n l a w fu l t o p l a c e , o r
ca u se, or per m it t o be pla ced, on a n y
fl o o r o r r o o f o f a b u i l d i n g o r o t h e r
s t r u c t u r e a l o a d g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t fo r
w h i c h s u c h fl o o r o r r o o f i s a p p r o v e d b y
t h e b u i l d i n g o ffi c i a l .
§ 1910.23 Guarding floor and wall
openings and holes.
(a ) P rot ect ion f or f loor op en in gs. (1)
E v e r y s t a i r w a y fl o o r o p e n i n g s h a l l b e
gu a r ded by a st a n da r d r a ilin g con -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph
(e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h e r a i l i n g s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d o n a l l e x p o s e d s i d e s (e x c e p t a t
e n t r a n c e t o s t a i r w a y ). F o r i n fr e q u e n t l y
u s e d s t a i r w a y s w h e r e t r a ffi c a c r o s s t h e
o p e n i n g p r e v e n t s t h e u s e o f fi x e d s t a n d -
a r d r a i l i n g (a s w h e n l o c a t e d i n a i s l e
s p a c e s , e t c .), t h e g u a r d s h a l l c o n s i s t o f
a h i n g e d fl o o r o p e n i n g c o v e r o f s t a n d -
a r d st r en gt h a n d con st r u ct ion a n d r e-
m ova ble st a n da r d r a ilin gs on a ll ex-
p o s e d s i d e s (e x c e p t a t e n t r a n c e t o
s t a i r w a y ).
(2) E v e r y l a d d e r w a y fl o o r o p e n i n g o r
p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e g u a r d e d b y a s t a n d -
a r d r a ilin g wit h st a n da r d t oeboa r d on
a l l e x p o s e d s i d e s (e x c e p t a t e n t r a n c e t o
o p e n i n g ), w i t h t h e p a s s a g e t h r o u g h t h e
r a ilin g eit h er pr ovided wit h a swin gin g
g a t e o r s o o ffs e t t h a t a p e r s o n c a n n o t
wa lk dir ect ly in t o t h e open in g.
(3) E v e r y h a t c h w a y a n d c h u t e fl o o r
open in g sh a ll be gu a r ded by on e of t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) H i n g e d fl o o r o p e n i n g c o v e r o f
st a n da r d st r en gt h a n d con st r u ct ion
equ ipped wit h st a n da r d r a ilin gs or per -
m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t h er et o so a s t o
l e a v e o n l y o n e e x p o s e d s i d e . Wh e n t h e
open in g is n ot in u se, t h e cover sh a ll be
closed or t h e exposed side sh a ll be
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
gu a r ded a t bot h t op a n d in t er m edia t e
117
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§ 1910.23
posit ion s by r em ova ble st a n da r d r a il-
in gs.
(i i ) A r em ova ble r a ilin g wit h
t oeboa r d on n ot m or e t h a n t wo sides of
t h e o p e n i n g a n d fi x e d s t a n d a r d r a i l i n g s
wit h t oeboa r ds on a ll ot h er exposed
sides. T h e r em ova ble r a ilin gs sh a ll be
k ept in pla ce wh en t h e open in g is n ot
in u se.
Wh e r e o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s n e c e s s i t a t e
t h e fe e d i n g o f m a t e r i a l i n t o a n y h a t c h -
wa y or ch u t e open in g, pr ot ect ion sh a ll
b e p r o v i d e d t o p r e v e n t a p e r s o n fr o m
fa l l i n g t h r o u g h t h e o p e n i n g .
(4) E v e r y s k y l i g h t fl o o r o p e n i n g a n d
h ole sh a ll be gu a r ded by a st a n da r d
s k y l i g h t s c r e e n o r a fi x e d s t a n d a r d
r a ilin g on a ll exposed sides.
(5) E v e r y p i t a n d t r a p d o o r fl o o r o p e n -
i n g , i n fr e q u e n t l y u s e d , s h a l l b e g u a r d e d
b y a fl o o r o p e n i n g c o v e r o f s t a n d a r d
s t r e n g t h a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n . Wh i l e t h e
cover is n ot in pla ce, t h e pit or t r a p
open in g sh a ll be con st a n t ly a t t en ded
by som eon e or sh a ll be pr ot ect ed on a ll
exposed sides by r em ova ble st a n da r d
r a ilin gs.
(6) E v e r y m a n h o l e fl o o r o p e n i n g s h a l l
be gu a r ded by a st a n da r d m a n h ole
cover wh ich n eed n ot be h in ged in
p l a c e . Wh i l e t h e c o v e r i s n o t i n p l a c e ,
t h e m a n h ole open in g sh a ll be con -
st a n t ly a t t en ded by som eon e or sh a ll
be pr ot ect ed by r em ova ble st a n da r d
r a ilin gs.
(7) E v e r y t e m p o r a r y fl o o r o p e n i n g
sh a ll h a ve st a n da r d r a ilin gs, or sh a ll be
con st a n t ly a t t en ded by som eon e.
(8) E v e r y fl o o r h o l e i n t o w h i c h p e r -
son s ca n a cciden t a lly wa lk sh a ll be
gu a r ded by eit h er :
(i ) A s t a n d a r d r a i l i n g w i t h s t a n d a r d
t oeboa r d on a ll exposed sides, or
(i i ) A fl o o r h o l e c o v e r o f s t a n d a r d
s t r e n g t h a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n . Wh i l e t h e
c o v e r i s n o t i n p l a c e , t h e fl o o r h o l e
sh a ll be con st a n t ly a t t en ded by som e-
on e or sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a r em ov-
a ble st a n da r d r a ilin g.
(9) E v e r y fl o o r h o l e i n t o w h i c h p e r -
s o n s c a n n o t a c c i d e n t a l l y w a l k (o n a c -
c o u n t o f fi x e d m a c h i n e r y , e q u i p m e n t ,
or wa lls) sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a cover
t h a t lea ves n o open in gs m or e t h a n 1
in ch wide. T h e cover sh a ll be secu r ely
h eld in pla ce t o pr even t t ools or m a t e-
r i a l s fr o m fa l l i n g t h r o u g h .
(10) Wh e r e d o o r s o r g a t e s o p e n d i -
r e c t l y o n a s t a i r w a y , a p l a t fo r m s h a l l
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.23
be pr ovided, a n d t h e swin g of t h e door
s h a l l n o t r e d u c e t h e e ffe c t i v e w i d t h t o
l e s s t h a n 20 i n c h e s .
(b ) P rot ect ion f or w a ll op en in gs a n d
h oles. (1) E v e r y w a l l o p e n i n g fr o m
wh ich t h er e is a dr op of m or e t h a n 4
fe e t s h a l l b e g u a r d e d b y o n e o f t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(i ) R a i l , r o l l e r , p i c k e t fe n c e , h a l f
d o o r , o r e q u i v a l e n t b a r r i e r . Wh e r e
t h e r e i s e x p o s u r e b e l o w t o fa l l i n g m a -
t er ia ls, a r em ova ble t oe boa r d or t h e
e q u i v a l e n t s h a l l a l s o b e p r o v i d e d . Wh e n
t h e o p e n i n g i s n o t i n u s e fo r h a n d l i n g
m a t er ia ls, t h e gu a r d sh a ll be k ept in
posit ion r ega r dless of a door on t h e
open in g. In a ddit ion , a gr a b h a n dle
sh a ll be pr ovided on ea ch side of t h e
open in g wit h it s cen t er a ppr oxim a t ely
4 fe e t a b o v e fl o o r l e v e l a n d o f s t a n d a r d
st r en gt h a n d m ou n t in g.
(i i ) E x t e n s i o n p l a t fo r m o n t o w h i c h
m a t e r i a l s c a n b e h o i s t e d fo r h a n d l i n g ,
a n d wh ich sh a ll h a ve side r a ils or
equ iva len t gu a r ds of st a n da r d speci-
fi c a t i o n s .
(2) E v e r y c h u t e w a l l o p e n i n g fr o m
wh ich t h er e is a dr op of m or e t h a n 4
fe e t s h a l l b e g u a r d e d b y o n e o r m o r e o f
t h e b a r r i e r s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(b )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n o r a s r e q u i r e d b y
t h e con dit ion s.
(3) E v e r y w i n d o w w a l l o p e n i n g a t a
s t a i r w a y l a n d i n g , fl o o r , p l a t fo r m , o r
b a l c o n y , fr o m w h i c h t h e r e i s a d r o p o f
m o r e t h a n 4 fe e t , a n d w h e r e t h e b o t t o m
o f t h e o p e n i n g i s l e s s t h a n 3 fe e t a b o v e
t h e p l a t fo r m o r l a n d i n g , s h a l l b e g u a r d -
ed by st a n da r d sla t s, st a n da r d gr ill
w o r k (a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(11)
o f t h i s s e c t i o n ), o r s t a n d a r d r a i l i n g .
Wh e r e t h e w i n d o w o p e n i n g i s b e l o w t h e
l a n d i n g , o r p l a t fo r m , a s t a n d a r d t o e
boa r d sh a ll be pr ovided.
(4) E v e r y t e m p o r a r y w a l l o p e n i n g
sh a ll h a ve a dequ a t e gu a r ds bu t t h ese
n eed n ot be of st a n da r d con st r u ct ion .
(5) Wh e r e t h e r e i s a h a za r d o f m a t e -
r i a l s fa l l i n g t h r o u g h a w a l l h o l e , a n d
t h e lower edge of t h e n ea r side of t h e
h ole is less t h a n 4 in ch es a bove t h e
fl o o r , a n d t h e fa r s i d e o f t h e h o l e m o r e
t h a n 5 fe e t a b o v e t h e n e x t l o w e r l e v e l ,
t h e h ole sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a st a n d-
a r d t oeboa r d, or a n en closin g scr een ei-
t h er of solid con st r u ct ion , or a s speci-
fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(11) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(c ) P rot ect ion of op en -sid ed f loors, p la t -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
f orm s, a n d ru n w a y s. (1) E v e r y o p e n -
118
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s i d e d fl o o r o r p l a t fo r m 4 fe e t o r m o r e
a b o v e a d j a c e n t fl o o r o r g r o u n d l e v e l
sh a ll be gu a r ded by a st a n da r d r a ilin g
(o r t h e e q u i v a l e n t a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h (e )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ) o n a l l o p e n
sides except wh er e t h er e is en t r a n ce t o
a r a m p , s t a i r w a y , o r fi x e d l a d d e r . T h e
r a ilin g sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a
t oeboa r d wh er ever , ben ea t h t h e open
sides,
(i ) P e r s o n s c a n p a s s ,
(i i ) T h e r e i s m o v i n g m a c h i n e r y , o r
(i i i ) T h e r e i s e q u i p m e n t w i t h w h i c h
fa l l i n g m a t e r i a l s c o u l d c r e a t e a h a za r d .
(2) E v e r y r u n w a y s h a l l b e g u a r d e d b y
a s t a n d a r d r a i l i n g (o r t h e e q u i v a l e n t a s
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(3) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n ) o n a l l o p e n s i d e s 4 fe e t o r m o r e
a b o v e fl o o r o r g r o u n d l e v e l . Wh e r e v e r
t ools, m a ch in e pa r t s, or m a t er ia ls a r e
lik ely t o be u sed on t h e r u n wa y , a
t oeboa r d sh a ll a lso be pr ovided on ea ch
exposed side.
R u n w a y s u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y fo r s p e c i a l
p u r p o s e s (s u c h a s o i l i n g , s h a ft i n g , o r
fi l l i n g t a n k c a r s ) m a y h a v e t h e r a i l i n g
on on e side om it t ed wh er e oper a t in g
con dit ion s n ecessit a t e su ch om ission ,
p r o v i d i n g t h e fa l l i n g h a za r d i s m i n i -
m i ze d b y u s i n g a r u n w a y o f n o t l e s s
t h a n 18 i n c h e s w i d e . Wh e r e p e r s o n s e n -
t er in g u pon r u n wa y s becom e t h er eby
exposed t o m a ch in er y , elect r ica l equ ip-
m e n t , o r o t h e r d a n g e r n o t a fa l l i n g h a z-
a r d, a ddit ion a l gu a r din g t h a n is h er e
s p e c i fi e d m a y b e e s s e n t i a l fo r p r o t e c -
t ion .
(3) R e g a r d l e s s o f h e i g h t , o p e n -s i d e d
fl o o r s , w a l k w a y s , p l a t fo r m s , o r r u n -
wa y s a bove or a dja cen t t o da n ger ou s
e q u i p m e n t , p i c k l i n g o r g a l v a n i zi n g
t a n k s, degr ea sin g u n it s, a n d sim ila r
h a za r d s s h a l l b e g u a r d e d w i t h a s t a n d -
a r d r a ilin g a n d t oe boa r d.
(d ) S t a irw a y ra ilin gs a n d gu a rd s. (1)
E v e r y fl i g h t o f s t a i r s h a v i n g fo u r o r
m or e r iser s sh a ll be equ ipped wit h
st a n da r d st a ir r a ilin gs or st a n da r d
h a n d r a i l s a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s
(d )(1) (i ) t h r o u g h (v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e
widt h of t h e st a ir t o be m ea su r ed clea r
of a ll obst r u ct ion s except h a n dr a ils:
(i ) On s t a i r w a y s l e s s t h a n 44 i n c h e s
wide h a vin g bot h sides en closed, a t
l e a s t o n e h a n d r a i l , p r e fe r a b l y o n t h e
r igh t side descen din g.
(i i ) On s t a i r w a y s l e s s t h a n 44 i n c h e s
wide h a vin g on e side open , a t lea st on e
st a ir r a ilin g on open side.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i i ) On s t a i r w a y s l e s s t h a n 44 i n c h e s
wide h a vin g bot h sides open , on e st a ir
r a ilin g on ea ch side.
(i v ) On s t a i r w a y s m o r e t h a n 44 i n c h e s
w i d e b u t l e s s t h a n 88 i n c h e s w i d e , o n e
h a n dr a il on ea ch en closed side a n d on e
st a ir r a ilin g on ea ch open side.
(v ) On s t a i r w a y s 88 o r m o r e i n c h e s
wide, on e h a n dr a il on ea ch en closed
side, on e st a ir r a ilin g on ea ch open
side, a n d on e in t er m edia t e st a ir r a ilin g
loca t ed a ppr oxim a t ely m idwa y of t h e
widt h .
(2) Wi n d i n g s t a i r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
w i t h a h a n d r a i l o ffs e t t o p r e v e n t w a l k -
in g on a ll por t ion s of t h e t r ea ds h a vin g
widt h less t h a n 6 in ch es.
(e ) R a ilin g, t oe boa rd s, a n d cov er sp eci-
f ica t ion s. (1) A s t a n d a r d r a i l i n g s h a l l
con sist of t op r a il, in t er m edia t e r a il,
a n d post s, a n d sh a ll h a ve a ver t ica l
h e i g h t o f 42 i n c h e s n o m i n a l fr o m u p p e r
s u r fa c e o f t o p r a i l t o fl o o r , p l a t fo r m ,
r u n wa y , or r a m p level. T h e t op r a il
s h a l l b e s m o o t h -s u r fa c e d t h r o u g h o u t
t h e len gt h of t h e r a ilin g. T h e in t er -
m edia t e r a il sh a ll be a ppr oxim a t ely
h a l fw a y b e t w e e n t h e t o p r a i l a n d t h e
fl o o r , p l a t fo r m , r u n w a y , o r r a m p . T h e
en ds of t h e r a ils sh a ll n ot over h a n g t h e
t er m in a l post s except wh er e su ch over -
h a n g does n ot con st it u t e a pr oject ion
h a za r d .
(2) A s t a i r r a i l i n g s h a l l b e o f c o n -
st r u ct ion sim ila r t o a st a n da r d r a ilin g
bu t t h e ver t ica l h eigh t sh a ll be n ot
m o r e t h a n 34 i n c h e s n o r l e s s t h a n 30
i n c h e s fr o m u p p e r s u r fa c e o f t o p r a i l t o
s u r fa c e o f t r e a d i n l i n e w i t h fa c e o f
r i s e r a t fo r w a r d e d g e o f t r e a d .
(3) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i ) F o r w o o d r a i l i n g s , t h e p o s t s s h a l l
b e o f a t l e a s t 2-i n c h b y 4-i n c h s t o c k
s p a c e d n o t t o e x c e e d 6 fe e t ; t h e t o p a n d
i n t e r m e d i a t e r a i l s s h a l l b e o f a t l e a s t 2-
i n c h b y 4-i n c h s t o c k . I f t o p r a i l i s m a d e
o f t w o r i g h t -a n g l e p i e c e s o f 1-i n c h b y 4-
i n c h s t o c k , p o s t s m a y b e s p a c e d o n 8-
fo o t c e n t e r s , w i t h 2-i n c h b y 4-i n c h i n -
t er m edia t e r a il.
(i i ) F o r p i p e r a i l i n g s , p o s t s a n d t o p
a n d in t er m edia t e r a ilin gs sh a ll be a t
l e a s t 11⁄2 i n c h e s n o m i n a l d i a m e t e r w i t h
p o s t s s p a c e d n o t m o r e t h a n 8 fe e t o n
cen t er s.
(i i i ) F o r s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l r a i l i n g s ,
post s a n d t op a n d in t er m edia t e r a ils
s h a l l b e o f 2-i n c h b y 2-i n c h b y 3⁄8-i n c h
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n gles or ot h er m et a l sh a pes of equ iva -
119
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00129 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.23
len t ben din g st r en gt h wit h post s
s p a c e d n o t m o r e t h a n 8 fe e t o n c e n t e r s .
(i v ) T h e a n c h o r i n g o f p o s t s a n d fr a m -
i n g o f m e m b e r s fo r r a i l i n g s o f a l l t y p e s
sh a ll be of su ch con st r u ct ion t h a t t h e
com plet ed st r u ct u r e sh a ll be ca pa ble of
w i t h s t a n d i n g a l o a d o f a t l e a s t 200
pou n ds a pplied in a n y dir ect ion a t a n y
poin t on t h e t op r a il.
(v ) Ot h e r t y p e s , s i ze s , a n d a r r a n g e -
m en t s of r a ilin g con st r u ct ion a r e a c-
c e p t a b l e p r o v i d e d t h e y m e e t t h e fo l -
lowin g con dit ion s:
(a ) A s m o o t h -s u r fa c e d t o p r a i l a t a
h e i g h t a b o v e fl o o r , p l a t fo r m , r u n w a y ,
o r r a m p l e v e l o f 42 i n c h e s n o m i n a l ;
(b) A s t r e n g t h t o w i t h s t a n d a t l e a s t
t h e m i n i m u m r e q u i r e m e n t o f 200
pou n ds t op r a il pr essu r e;
(c) P r o t e c t i o n b e t w e e n t o p r a i l a n d
fl o o r , p l a t fo r m , r u n w a y , r a m p , o r s t a i r
t r e a d s , e q u i v a l e n t a t l e a s t t o t h a t a f-
fo r d e d b y a s t a n d a r d i n t e r m e d i a t e r a i l ;
(4) A s t a n d a r d t o e b o a r d s h a l l b e 4
i n c h e s n o m i n a l i n v e r t i c a l h e i g h t fr o m
i t s t o p e d g e t o t h e l e v e l o f t h e fl o o r ,
p l a t fo r m , r u n w a y , o r r a m p . I t s h a l l b e
s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d i n p l a c e a n d w i t h n o t
m o r e t h a n 1⁄4-i n c h c l e a r a n c e a b o v e
fl o o r l e v e l . I t m a y b e m a d e o f a n y s u b -
st a n t ia l m a t er ia l eit h er solid or wit h
open in gs n ot over 1 in ch in gr ea t est di-
m en sion .
Wh e r e m a t e r i a l i s p i l e d t o s u c h h e i g h t
t h a t a st a n da r d t oeboa r d does n ot pr o-
v i d e p r o t e c t i o n , p a n e l i n g fr o m fl o o r t o
in t er m edia t e r a il, or t o t op r a il sh a ll
be pr ovided.
(5)(i ) A h a n d r a i l s h a l l c o n s i s t o f a
len gt h wise m em ber m ou n t ed dir ect ly
on a wa ll or pa r t it ion by m ea n s of
br a ck et s a t t a ch ed t o t h e lower side of
t h e h a n d r a i l s o a s t o o ffe r n o o b s t r u c -
t i o n t o a s m o o t h s u r fa c e a l o n g t h e t o p
a n d bot h sides of t h e h a n dr a il. T h e
h a n dr a il sh a ll be of r ou n ded or ot h er
s e c t i o n t h a t w i l l fu r n i s h a n a d e q u a t e
h a n d h o l d fo r a n y o n e g r a s p i n g i t t o
a v o i d fa l l i n g . T h e e n d s o f t h e h a n d r a i l
sh ou ld be t u r n ed in t o t h e su ppor t in g
wa ll or ot h er wise a r r a n ged so a s n ot t o
c o n s t i t u t e a p r o j e c t i o n h a za r d .
(i i ) T h e h e i g h t o f h a n d r a i l s s h a l l b e
n o t m o r e t h a n 34 i n c h e s n o r l e s s t h a n
30 i n c h e s fr o m u p p e r s u r fa c e o f h a n d -
r a i l t o s u r fa c e o f t r e a d i n l i n e w i t h fa c e
o f r i s e r o r t o s u r fa c e o f r a m p .
(i i i ) T h e s i ze o f h a n d r a i l s s h a l l b e :
Wh e n o f h a r d w o o d , a t l e a s t 2 i n c h e s i n
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.24
dia m et er ; wh en of m et a l pipe, a t lea st
11⁄2 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r . T h e l e n g t h o f
br a ck et s sh a ll be su ch a s will give a
clea r a n ce bet ween h a n dr a il a n d wa ll or
a n y pr oject ion t h er eon of a t lea st 3
in ch es. T h e spa cin g of br a ck et s sh a ll
n o t e x c e e d 8 fe e t .
(i v ) T h e m o u n t i n g o f h a n d r a i l s s h a l l
be su ch t h a t t h e com plet ed st r u ct u r e is
ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g a loa d of a t
l e a s t 200 p o u n d s a p p l i e d i n a n y d i r e c -
t ion a t a n y poin t on t h e r a il.
(6) A l l h a n d r a i l s a n d r a i l i n g s s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h a clea r a n ce of n ot less
t h a n 3 in ch es bet ween t h e h a n dr a il or
r a ilin g a n d a n y ot h er object .
(7) F l o o r o p e n i n g c o v e r s m a y b e o f
a n y m a t e r i a l t h a t m e e t s t h e fo l l o w i n g
st r en gt h r equ ir em en t s:
(i ) T r e n c h o r c o n d u i t c o v e r s a n d t h e i r
su ppor t s, wh en loca t ed in pla n t r oa d-
wa y s, sh a ll be design ed t o ca r r y a
t r u c k r e a r -a x l e l o a d o f a t l e a s t 20,000
pou n ds.
(i i ) M a n h o l e c o v e r s a n d t h e i r s u p -
por t s, wh en loca t ed in pla n t r oa dwa y s,
sh a ll com ply wit h loca l st a n da r d h igh -
wa y r equ ir em en t s if a n y ; ot h er wise,
t h ey sh a ll be design ed t o ca r r y a t r u ck
r e a r -a x l e l o a d o f a t l e a s t 20,000 p o u n d s .
(i i i ) T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f fl o o r o p e n -
in g cover s m a y be of a n y m a t er ia l t h a t
m e e t s t h e s t r e n g t h r e q u i r e m e n t s . Co v -
er s pr oject in g n ot m or e t h a n 1 in ch
a b o v e t h e fl o o r l e v e l m a y b e u s e d p r o -
v i d i n g a l l e d g e s a r e c h a m fe r e d t o a n
a n g l e w i t h t h e h o r i zo n t a l o f n o t o v e r 30
degr ees. All h in ges, h a n dles, bolt s, or
o t h e r p a r t s s h a l l s e t fl u s h w i t h t h e
fl o o r o r c o v e r s u r fa c e .
(8) S k y l i g h t s c r e e n s s h a l l b e o f s u c h
con st r u ct ion a n d m ou n t in g t h a t t h ey
a r e ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g a loa d of a t
l e a s t 200 p o u n d s a p p l i e d p e r p e n d i c u -
la r ly a t a n y on e a r ea on t h e scr een .
T h ey sh a ll a lso be of su ch con st r u ct ion
a n d m ou n t in g t h a t u n der or din a r y
l o a d s o r i m p a c t s , t h e y w i l l n o t d e fl e c t
d o w n w a r d s u ffi c i e n t l y t o b r e a k t h e
gla ss below t h em . T h e con st r u ct ion
sh a ll be of gr illwor k wit h open in gs n ot
m or e t h a n 4 in ch es lon g or of sla t wor k
wit h open in gs n ot m or e t h a n 2 in ch es
wide wit h len gt h u n r est r ict ed.
(9) Wa l l o p e n i n g b a r r i e r s (r a i l s , r o l l -
e r s , p i c k e t fe n c e s , a n d h a l f d o o r s ) s h a l l
be of su ch con st r u ct ion a n d m ou n t in g
t h a t , wh en in pla ce a t t h e open in g, t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ba r r ier is ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g a
120
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00130 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
l o a d o f a t l e a s t 200 p o u n d s a p p l i e d i n
a n y d i r e c t i o n (e x c e p t u p w a r d ) a t a n y
poin t on t h e t op r a il or cor r espon din g
m em ber .
(10) Wa l l o p e n i n g g r a b h a n d l e s s h a l l
b e n o t l e s s t h a n 12 i n c h e s i n l e n g t h a n d
sh a ll be so m ou n t ed a s t o give 3 in ch es
c l e a r a n c e fr o m t h e s i d e fr a m i n g o f t h e
w a l l o p e n i n g . T h e s i ze , m a t e r i a l , a n d
a n ch or in g of t h e gr a b h a n dle sh a ll be
su ch t h a t t h e com plet ed st r u ct u r e is
ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g a loa d of a t
l e a s t 200 p o u n d s a p p l i e d i n a n y d i r e c -
t ion a t a n y poin t of t h e h a n dle.
(11) Wa l l o p e n i n g s c r e e n s s h a l l b e o f
su ch con st r u ct ion a n d m ou n t in g t h a t
t h ey a r e ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g a loa d
o f a t l e a s t 200 p o u n d s a p p l i e d h o r i -
zo n t a l l y a t a n y p o i n t o n t h e n e a r s i d e
of t h e scr een . T h ey m a y be of solid con -
st r u ct ion , of gr illwor k wit h open in gs
n ot m or e t h a n 8 in ch es lon g, or of
sla t wor k wit h open in gs n ot m or e t h a n
4 in ch es wide wit h len gt h u n r est r ict ed.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49744, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5321, F e b . 10,
1984]
§ 1910.24 Fixed industrial stairs.
(a ) A p p lica t ion of requ irem en t s. T h i s
s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s s p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r t h e
s a fe d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f fi x e d
gen er a l in du st r ia l st a ir s. T h is cla ssi-
fi c a t i o n i n c l u d e s i n t e r i o r a n d e x t e r i o r
st a ir s a r ou n d m a ch in er y , t a n k s, a n d
ot h er equ ipm en t , a n d st a ir s lea din g t o
o r fr o m fl o o r s , p l a t fo r m s , o r p i t s . T h i s
sect ion does n ot a pply t o st a ir s u sed
fo r fi r e e x i t p u r p o s e s , t o c o n s t r u c t i o n
oper a t ion s t o pr iva t e r esiden ces, or t o
a r t icu la t ed st a ir s, su ch a s m a y be in -
s t a l l e d o n fl o a t i n g r o o f t a n k s o r o n
d o c k fa c i l i t i e s , t h e a n g l e o f w h i c h
c h a n g e s w i t h t h e r i s e a n d fa l l o f t h e
ba se su ppor t .
(b ) W h ere f ix ed st a irs a re requ ired .
F i x e d s t a i r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r a c -
c e s s fr o m o n e s t r u c t u r e l e v e l t o a n -
ot h er wh er e oper a t ion s n ecessit a t e r eg-
u l a r t r a v e l b e t w e e n l e v e l s , a n d fo r a c -
c e s s t o o p e r a t i n g p l a t fo r m s a t a n y
equ ipm en t wh ich r equ ir es a t t en t ion
r ou t in ely du r in g oper a t ion s. F ixed
st a ir s sh a ll a lso be pr ovided wh er e a c-
cess t o eleva t ion s is da ily or a t ea ch
s h i ft fo r s u c h p u r p o s e s a s g a u g i n g , i n -
s p e c t i o n , r e g u l a r m a i n t e n a n c e , e t c .,
wh er e su ch wor k m a y expose em ploy -
ees t o a cids, ca u st ics, ga ses, or ot h er
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
h a r m fu l s u b s t a n c e s , o r fo r w h i c h p u r -
poses t h e ca r r y in g of t ools or equ ip-
m e n t b y h a n d i s n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e d . (I t
is n ot t h e in t en t of t h is sect ion t o pr e-
c l u d e t h e u s e o f fi x e d l a d d e r s fo r a c c e s s
t o eleva t ed t a n k s, t ower s, a n d sim ila r
st r u ct u r es, over h ea d t r a velin g cr a n es,
e t c ., w h e r e t h e u s e o f fi x e d l a d d e r s i s
c o m m o n p r a c t i c e .) S p i r a l s t a i r w a y s
s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d e x c e p t fo r s p e -
cia l lim it ed u sa ge a n d secon da r y a ccess
sit u a t ion s wh er e it is n ot pr a ct ica l t o
p r o v i d e a c o n v e n t i o n a l s t a i r w a y . Wi n d -
in g st a ir wa y s m a y be in st a lled on
t a n k s a n d sim ila r r ou n d st r u ct u r es
wh er e t h e dia m et er of t h e st r u ct u r e is
n o t l e s s t h a n fi v e (5) fe e t .
(c ) S t a ir st ren gt h . F i x e d s t a i r w a y s
sh a ll be design ed a n d con st r u ct ed t o
c a r r y a l o a d o f fi v e t i m e s t h e n o r m a l
live loa d a n t icipa t ed bu t n ever of less
s t r e n g t h t h a n t o c a r r y s a fe l y a m o v i n g
c o n c e n t r a t e d l o a d o f 1,000 p o u n d s .
(d ) S t a ir w id t h . F i x e d s t a i r w a y s s h a l l
h a v e a m i n i m u m w i d t h o f 22 i n c h e s .
(e ) A n gle of st a irw a y rise. F i x e d s t a i r s
sh a ll be in st a lled a t a n gles t o t h e h or i-
zo n t a l o f b e t w e e n 30° a n d 50°. A n y u n i -
fo r m c o m b i n a t i o n o f r i s e /t r e a d d i m e n -
sion s m a y be u sed t h a t will r esu lt in a
s t a i r w a y a t a n a n g l e t o t h e h o r i zo n t a l
wit h in t h e per m issible r a n ge. T a ble D–
1 g i v e s r i s e /t r e a d d i m e n s i o n s w h i c h w i l l
pr odu ce a st a ir wa y wit h in t h e per m is-
sible r a n ge, st a t in g t h e a n gle t o t h e
h o r i zo n t a l p r o d u c e d b y e a c h c o m b i n a -
t i o n . H o w e v e r , t h e r i s e /t r e a d c o m b i n a -
t ion s a r e n ot lim it ed t o t h ose given in
T a b l e D –1.
TABLE D–1
Rise (in
Angle to horizontal
inches)
30°35′ ....................................................
32°08′ ....................................................
33°41′ ....................................................
35°16′ ....................................................
36°52′ ....................................................
38°29′ ....................................................
40°08′ ....................................................
41°44′ ....................................................
43°22′ ....................................................
45°00′ ....................................................
46°38′ ....................................................
48°16′ ....................................................
49°54′ ....................................................
(f) S t a ir t rea d s. A l l t r e a d s s h a l l b e r e a -
s o n a b l y s l i p -r e s i s t a n t a n d t h e n o s i n g s
s h a l l b e o f n o n s l i p fi n i s h . We l d e d b a r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
gr a t in g t r ea ds wit h ou t n osin gs a r e a c-
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00131
§ 1910.25
cept a ble pr ovidin g t h e lea din g edge ca n
b e r e a d i l y i d e n t i fi e d b y p e r s o n n e l d e -
scen din g t h e st a ir wa y a n d pr ovided t h e
t r e a d i s s e r r a t e d o r i s o f d e fi n i t e n o n -
slip design . R ise h eigh t a n d t r ea d widt h
s h a l l b e u n i fo r m t h r o u g h o u t a n y fl i g h t
o f s t a i r s i n c l u d i n g a n y fo u n d a t i o n
st r u ct u r e u sed a s on e or m or e t r ea ds of
t h e st a ir s.
(g ) S t a irw a y p la t f orm s. S t a i r w a y p l a t -
fo r m s s h a l l b e n o l e s s t h a n t h e w i d t h o f
a s t a i r w a y a n d a m i n i m u m o f 30 i n c h e s
in len gt h m ea su r ed in t h e dir ect ion of
t r a vel.
(h ) R a ilin gs a n d h a n d ra ils. S t a n d a r d
r a ilin gs sh a ll be pr ovided on t h e open
sides of a ll exposed st a ir wa y s a n d st a ir
p l a t fo r m s . H a n d r a i l s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
on a t lea st on e side of closed st a ir wa y s
p r e fe r a b l y o n t h e r i g h t s i d e d e s c e n d i n g .
S t a ir r a ilin gs a n d h a n dr a ils sh a ll be in -
st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e pr ovi-
s i o n s o f § 1910.23.
(i ) V ert ica l clea ra n ce. V e r t i c a l c l e a r -
a n ce a bove a n y st a ir t r ea d t o a n over -
h e a d o b s t r u c t i o n s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 7 fe e t
m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e l e a d i n g e d g e o f t h e
t r ea d.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49744, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5321, F e b . 10,
1984]
§ 1910.25 Portable wood ladders.
(a ) A p p lica t ion of requ irem en t s. T h i s
sect ion is in t en ded t o pr escr ibe r u les
a n d est a blish m in im u m r equ ir em en t s
fo r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , c a r e , a n d u s e o f
t h e com m on t y pes of por t a ble wood
l a d d e r s , i n o r d e r t o i n s u r e s a fe t y u n d e r
n o r m a l c o n d i t i o n s o f u s a g e . Ot h e r
t y p e s o f s p e c i a l l a d d e r s , fr u i t p i c k e r ’s
Tread
la dder s, com bin a t ion st ep a n d ext en -
run (in
inches) sion la dder s, st ock r oom st ep la dder s,
61⁄2 11 a i s l e -w a y s t e p l a d d e r s , s h e l f l a d d e r s ,
63⁄4 103⁄4 a n d l i b r a r y l a d d e r s a r e n o t s p e c i fi c a l l y
7 101⁄2 cover ed by t h is sect ion .
71⁄4 101⁄4
71⁄2 10 (b ) M a t eria ls—(1) R equ irem en t s a p p li-
73⁄4 93⁄4 ca ble t o a ll w ood p a rt s. (i ) A l l w o o d
8 91⁄2 p a r t s s h a l l b e fr e e fr o m s h a r p e d g e s a n d
81⁄4 91⁄4
81⁄2 9 s p l i n t e r s ; s o u n d a n d fr e e fr o m a c c e p t e d
83⁄4 83⁄4 v i s u a l i n s p e c t i o n fr o m s h a k e , w a n e ,
9 8 ⁄2
1
c o m p r e s s i o n fa i l u r e s , d e c a y , o r o t h e r
91⁄4 81⁄4
91⁄2 8 ir r egu la r it ies. L ow den sit y wood sh a ll
n ot be u sed.
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c ) Con st ru ct ion requ irem en t s.
(1) [R e s e r v e d ]
121
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.25
(2) P ort a ble st ep la d d ers. S t e p l a d d e r s
l o n g e r t h a n 20 fe e t s h a l l n o t b e s u p -
p l i e d . S t e p l a d d e r s a s h e r e i n a ft e r s p e c i -
fi e d s h a l l b e o f t h r e e t y p e s :
T y p e I —I n d u s t r i a l s t e p l a d d e r , 3 t o 20 fe e t fo r
h ea vy du t y , su ch a s u t ilit ies, con t r a ct or s,
a n d in du st r ia l u se.
T y p e I I —Co m m e r c i a l s t e p l a d d e r , 3 t o 12 fe e t
fo r m e d i u m d u t y , s u c h a s p a i n t e r s , o ffi c e s ,
a n d ligh t in du st r ia l u se.
T y p e I I I —H o u s e h o l d s t e p l a d d e r , 3 t o 6 fe e t
fo r l i g h t d u t y , s u c h a s l i g h t h o u s e h o l d u s e .
(i ) Gen era l requ irem en t s.
(a ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(b) A u n i fo r m s t e p s p a c i n g s h a l l b e
em ploy ed wh ich sh a ll be n ot m or e t h a n
12 i n c h e s . S t e p s s h a l l b e p a r a l l e l a n d
l e v e l w h e n t h e l a d d e r i s i n p o s i t i o n fo r
u se.
(c) T h e m i n i m u m w i d t h b e t w e e n s i d e
r a ils a t t h e t op, in side t o in side, sh a ll
b e n o t l e s s t h a n 111⁄2 i n c h e s . F r o m t o p
t o bot t om , t h e side r a ils sh a ll spr ea d a t
l e a s t 1 i n c h fo r e a c h fo o t o f l e n g t h o f
st epla dder .
(d )–(e) [R e s e r v e d ]
(f ) A m e t a l s p r e a d e r o r l o c k i n g d e v i c e
o f s u ffi c i e n t s i ze a n d s t r e n g t h t o s e -
c u r e l y h o l d t h e fr o n t a n d b a c k s e c t i o n s
in open posit ion s sh a ll be a com pon en t
of ea ch st epla dder . T h e spr ea der sh a ll
h a ve a ll sh a r p poin t s cover ed or r e-
m oved t o pr ot ect t h e u ser . F or T y pe III
la dder , t h e pa il sh elf a n d spr ea der m a y
b e c o m b i n e d i n o n e u n i t (t h e s o -c a l l e d
s h e l f-l o c k l a d d e r ).
(3) P ort a ble ru n g la d d ers.
(i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) S in gle la d d er. (a ) S i n g l e l a d d e r s
l o n g e r t h a n 30 fe e t s h a l l n o t b e s u p -
plied.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) T w o-sect ion la d d er. (a ) T w o -s e c -
t i o n e x t e n s i o n l a d d e r s l o n g e r t h a n 60
fe e t s h a l l n o t b e s u p p l i e d . A l l l a d d e r s o f
t h is t y pe sh a ll con sist of t wo sect ion s,
o n e t o fi t w i t h i n t h e s i d e r a i l s o f t h e
ot h er , a n d a r r a n ged in su ch a m a n n er
t h a t t h e u pper sect ion ca n be r a ised
a n d lower ed.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i v ) S ect ion a l la d d er. (a ) A s s e m b l e d
com bin a t ion s of sect ion a l la dder s
l o n g e r t h a n l e n g t h s s p e c i fi e d i n t h i s
su bdivision sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) T rest le a n d ex t en sion t rest le la d d er.
(a ) T r e s t l e l a d d e r s , o r e x t e n s i o n s e c -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t ion s or ba se sect ion s of ext en sion t r es-
122
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00132 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t l e l a d d e r s l o n g e r t h a n 20 fe e t s h a l l n o t
be su pplied.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) S p ecia l-p u rp ose la d d ers.
(i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) P a in t er’s st ep la d d er. (a ) P a i n t e r ’s
s t e p l a d d e r s l o n g e r t h a n 12 fe e t s h a l l
n ot be su pplied.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) M a son ’s la d d er. A m a s o n ’s l a d d e r
is a specia l t y pe of sin gle la dder in -
t e n d e d fo r u s e i n h e a v y c o n s t r u c t i o n
wor k .
(a ) M a s o n ’s l a d d e r s l o n g e r t h a n 40
fe e t s h a l l n o t b e s u p p l i e d .
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(5) T rolley a n d sid e-rollin g la d d ers—(i )
L en gt h . T r o l l e y l a d d e r s a n d s i d e -r o l l i n g
l a d d e r s l o n g e r t h a n 20 fe e t s h o u l d n o t
be su pplied.
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(d ) Ca re a n d u se of la d d ers—(1) Ca re.
T o i n s u r e s a fe t y a n d s e r v i c e a b i l i t y t h e
fo l l o w i n g p r e c a u t i o n s o n t h e c a r e o f
la dder s sh a ll be obser ved:
(i ) L a d d e r s s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d i n
good con dit ion a t a ll t im es, t h e join t
bet ween t h e st eps a n d side r a ils sh a ll
b e t i g h t , a l l h a r d w a r e a n d fi t t i n g s s e -
cu r ely a t t a ch ed, a n d t h e m ova ble pa r t s
s h a l l o p e r a t e fr e e l y w i t h o u t b i n d i n g o r
u n du e pla y .
(i i ) M e t a l b e a r i n g s o f l o c k s , w h e e l s ,
p u l l e y s , e t c ., s h a l l b e fr e q u e n t l y l u b r i -
ca t ed.
(i i i ) F r a y e d o r b a d l y w o r n r o p e s h a l l
be r epla ced.
(i v ) S a fe t y fe e t a n d o t h e r a u x i l i a r y
equ ipm en t sh a ll be k ept in good con di-
t i o n t o i n s u r e p r o p e r p e r fo r m a n c e .
(v )–(i x ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(x ) L a d d e r s s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d fr e -
qu en t ly a n d t h ose wh ich h a ve devel-
o p e d d e fe c t s s h a l l b e w i t h d r a w n fr o m
s e r v i c e fo r r e p a i r o r d e s t r u c t i o n a n d
t a g g e d o r m a r k e d a s ‘‘D a n g e r o u s , D o
N o t U s e .’’
(x i ) R u n g s s h o u l d b e k e p t fr e e o f
gr ea se a n d oil.
(2) U se. T h e fo l l o w i n g s a fe t y p r e -
ca u t ion s sh a ll be obser ved in con n ec-
t ion wit h t h e u se of la dder s:
(i ) P o r t a b l e r u n g a n d c l e a t l a d d e r s
sh a ll, wh er e possible, be u sed a t su ch a
p i t c h t h a t t h e h o r i zo n t a l d i s t a n c e fr o m
t h e t o p s u p p o r t t o t h e fo o t o f t h e l a d -
d e r i s o n e -q u a r t e r o f t h e w o r k i n g
l e n g t h o f t h e l a d d e r (t h e l e n g t h a l o n g
t h e l a d d e r b e t w e e n t h e fo o t a n d t h e t o p
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
s u p p o r t ). T h e l a d d e r s h a l l b e s o p l a c e d
a s t o pr even t slippin g, or it sh a ll be
la sh ed, or h eld in posit ion . L a dder s
s h a l l n o t b e u s e d i n a h o r i zo n t a l p o s i -
t i o n a s p l a t fo r m s , r u n w a y s , o r s c a f-
fo l d s ;
(i i ) L a d d e r s fo r w h i c h d i m e n s i o n s a r e
s p e c i fi e d s h o u l d n o t b e u s e d b y m o r e
t h a n on e m a n a t a t im e n or wit h la dder
j a c k s a n d s c a ffo l d p l a n k s w h e r e u s e b y
m or e t h a n on e m a n is a n t icipa t ed. In
su ch ca ses, specia lly design ed la dder s
wit h la r ger dim en sion s of t h e pa r t s
sh ou ld be pr ocu r ed;
(i i i ) P o r t a b l e l a d d e r s s h a l l b e s o
pla ced t h a t t h e side r a ils h a ve a secu r e
fo o t i n g . T h e t o p r e s t fo r p o r t a b l e r u n g
a n d clea t la dder s sh a ll be r ea son a bly
r igid a n d sh a ll h a ve a m ple st r en gt h t o
su ppor t t h e a pplied loa d;
(i v ) L a d d e r s s h a l l n o t b e p l a c e d i n
fr o n t o f d o o r s o p e n i n g t o w a r d t h e l a d -
der u n less t h e door is block ed u pon ,
lock ed, or gu a r ded;
(v ) L a d d e r s s h a l l n o t b e p l a c e d o n
boxes, ba r r els, or ot h er u n st a ble ba ses
t o obt a in a ddit ion a l h eigh t ;
(v i )–(v i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v i i i ) L a d d e r s w i t h b r o k e n o r m i s s i n g
st eps, r u n gs, or clea t s, br ok en side
r a i l s , o r o t h e r fa u l t y e q u i p m e n t s h a l l
n ot be u sed; im pr ovised r epa ir s sh a ll
n ot be m a de;
(i x ) S h o r t l a d d e r s s h a l l n o t b e s p l i c e d
t oget h er t o pr ovide lon g sect ion s;
(x ) L a d d e r s m a d e b y fa s t e n i n g c l e a t s
a cr oss a sin gle r a il sh a ll n ot be u sed;
(x i ) L a d d e r s s h a l l n o t b e u s e d a s
g u y s , b r a c e s , o r s k i d s , o r fo r o t h e r t h a n
t h eir in t en ded pu r poses;
(x i i ) T o p s o f t h e o r d i n a r y t y p e s o f
st epla dder s sh a ll n ot be u sed a s st eps;
(x i i i ) On t w o -s e c t i o n e x t e n s i o n l a d -
d e r s t h e m i n i m u m o v e r l a p fo r t h e t w o
s e c t i o n s i n u s e s h a l l b e a s fo l l o w s :
Overlap
Size of ladder (feet)
(feet)
Up to and including 36 ........................................
Over 36 up to and including 48 ...........................
Over 48 up to and including 60 ...........................
(x i v ) P o r t a b l e r u n g l a d d e r s w i t h r e i n -
fo r c e d r a i l s (s e e p a r a g r a p h s (c )(3) (i i )(c)
a n d (i i i )(d ) t h i s s e c t i o n ) s h a l l b e u s e d
o n l y w i t h t h e m e t a l r e i n fo r c e m e n t o n
t h e u n der side;
(x v ) N o l a d d e r s h o u l d b e u s e d t o g a i n
a ccess t o a r oof u n less t h e t op of t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
l a d d e r s h a l l e x t e n d a t l e a s t 3 fe e t a b o v e
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00133 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.26
t h e poin t of su ppor t , a t ea ve, gu t t er , or
r o o fl i n e ;
(x v i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(x v i i ) M i d d l e a n d t o p s e c t i o n s o f s e c -
t i o n a l o r w i n d o w c l e a n e r ’s l a d d e r s
s h o u l d n o t b e u s e d fo r b o t t o m s e c t i o n
u n l e s s t h e u s e r e q u i p s t h e m w i t h s a fe t y
sh oes;
(x v i i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(x i x ) T h e u s e r s h o u l d e q u i p a l l p o r t -
a ble r u n g la dder s wit h n on slip ba ses
w h e n t h e r e i s a h a za r d o f s l i p p i n g . N o n -
slip ba ses a r e n ot in t en ded a s a su b-
s t i t u t e fo r c a r e i n s a fe l y p l a c i n g , l a s h -
in g, or h oldin g a la dder t h a t is bein g
u sed u pon oily , m et a l, con cr et e, or slip-
p e r y s u r fa c e s ;
(x x ) T h e b r a c i n g o n t h e b a c k l e g s o f
s t e p l a d d e r s i s d e s i g n e d s o l e l y fo r i n -
c r e a s i n g s t a b i l i t y a n d n o t fo r c l i m b i n g .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49744, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5321, F e b . 10,
1984]
§ 1910.26 Portable metal ladders.
(a ) R equ irem en t s—(1) Gen era l. S p e c i fi c
design a n d con st r u ct ion r equ ir em en t s
a r e n ot pa r t of t h is sect ion beca u se of
t h e wide va r iet y of m et a ls a n d design
possibilit ies. However , t h e design sh a ll
be su ch a s t o pr odu ce a la dder wit h ou t
s t r u c t u r a l d e fe c t s o r a c c i d e n t h a za r d s
su ch a s sh a r p edges, bu r r s, et c. T h e
m e t a l s e l e c t e d s h a l l b e o f s u ffi c i e n t
st r en gt h t o m eet t h e t est r equ ir e-
m en t s, a n d sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st
cor r osion u n less in h er en t ly cor r osion -
r esist a n t .
(i )–(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) T h e s p a c i n g o f r u n g s o r s t e p s
s h a l l b e o n 12-i n c h c e n t e r s .
(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) R u n g s a n d s t e p s s h a l l b e c o r -
r u ga t ed, k n u r led, dim pled, coa t ed wit h
s k i d -r e s i s t a n t m a t e r i a l , o r o t h e r w i s e
t r e a t e d t o m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f
slippin g.
3
4
(2) Gen era l sp ecif ica t ion s— st ra igh t a n d
5 ex t en sion la d d ers. (i ) T h e m i n i m u m
widt h bet ween side r a ils of a st r a igh t
la dder or a n y sect ion of a n ext en sion
l a d d e r s h a l l b e 12 i n c h e s .
(i i ) T h e l e n g t h o f s i n g l e l a d d e r s o r i n -
dividu a l sect ion s of la dder s sh a ll n ot
e x c e e d 30 fe e t . T w o -s e c t i o n l a d d e r s
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 48 fe e t i n l e n g t h a n d
o v e r t w o -s e c t i o n l a d d e r s s h a l l n o t e x -
c e e d 60 fe e t i n l e n g t h .
123
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.26
(i i i ) B a s e d o n t h e n o m i n a l l e n g t h o f
t h e la dder , ea ch sect ion of a m u lt isec-
t ion la dder sh a ll over la p t h e a dja cen t
s e c t i o n b y a t l e a s t t h e n u m b e r o f fe e t
s t a t e d i n t h e fo l l o w i n g :
Normal length of ladder (feet)
Up to and including 36 ........................................
Over 36, up to and including 48 ..........................
Over 48, up to 60 ................................................
(i v ) E x t e n s i o n la dder s sh a ll be
equ ipped wit h posit ive st ops wh ich will
i n s u r e t h e o v e r l a p s p e c i fi e d i n t h e
t a ble a bove.
(3) Gen era l sp ecif ica t ion s— st ep la d d ers.
(i )–(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) T h e l e n g t h o f a s t e p l a d d e r i s
m e a s u r e d b y t h e l e n g t h o f t h e fr o n t
r a i l . T o b e c l a s s i fi e d a s a s t a n d a r d
len gt h la dder , t h e m ea su r ed len gt h
s h a l l b e w i t h i n p l u s o r m i n u s o n e -h a l f
i n c h o f t h e s p e c i fi e d l e n g t h . S t e p -
l a d d e r s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 20 fe e t i n
len gt h .
(i v )–(v i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v i i ) T h e b o t t o m s o f t h e fo u r r a i l s a r e
t o be su pplied wit h in su la t in g n on slip
m a t e r i a l fo r t h e s a fe t y o f t h e u s e r .
(v i i i ) A m e t a l s p r e a d e r o r l o c k i n g d e -
v i c e o f s u ffi c i e n t s i ze a n d s t r e n g t h t o
s e c u r e l y h o l d t h e fr o n t a n d b a c k s e c -
t ion s in t h e open posit ion sh a ll be a
com pon en t of ea ch st epla dder . T h e
spr ea der sh a ll h a ve a ll sh a r p poin t s or
edges cover ed or r em oved t o pr ot ect
t h e u ser .
(4) Gen era l sp ecif ica t ion s— t rest les a n d
ex t en sion t rest le la d d ers. (i ) T r e s t l e l a d -
der s or ext en sion sect ion s or ba se sec-
t ion s of ext en sion t r est le la dder s sh a ll
b e n o t m o r e t h a n 20 fe e t i n l e n g t h .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(5) Gen era l sp ecif ica t ion s— p la t f orm la d -
d ers. (i ) T h e l e n g t h o f a p l a t fo r m l a d d e r
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 20 fe e t . T h e l e n g t h o f
a p l a t fo r m l a d d e r s h a l l b e m e a s u r e d
a l o n g t h e fr o n t r a i l fr o m t h e fl o o r t o
t h e p l a t fo r m .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(b ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c ) Ca re a n d m a in t en a n ce of la d d ers—
(1) Gen era l. T o g e t m a x i m u m s e r v i c e -
a b i l i t y , s a fe t y , a n d t o e l i m i n a t e u n n e c -
e s s a r y d a m a g e o f e q u i p m e n t , g o o d s a fe
pr a ct ices in t h e u se a n d ca r e of la dder
equ ipm en t m u st be em ploy ed by t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
u ser s.
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00134
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
T h e fo l l o w i n g r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s
a r e e s s e n t i a l t o t h e l i fe o f t h e e q u i p -
m e n t a n d t h e s a fe t y o f t h e u s e r .
(2) Ca re of la d d ers.
(i )–(i i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
Overlap (i v ) L a d d e r s m u s t b e m a i n t a i n e d i n
(feet) good u sa ble con dit ion a t a ll t im es.
3
(v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
4 (v i ) I f a l a d d e r i s i n v o l v e d i n a n y o f
5 t h e fo l l o w i n g , i m m e d i a t e i n s p e c t i o n i s
n ecessa r y :
(a ) I f l a d d e r s t i p o v e r , i n s p e c t l a d d e r
fo r s i d e r a i l s d e n t s o r b e n d s , o r e x c e s -
s i v e l y d e n t e d r u n g s ; c h e c k a l l r u n g -t o -
s i d e -r a i l c o n n e c t i o n s ; c h e c k h a r d w a r e
c o n n e c t i o n s ; c h e c k r i v e t s fo r s h e a r .
(b)–(c) [R e s e r v e d ]
(d ) I f l a d d e r s a r e e x p o s e d t o o i l a n d
gr ea se, equ ipm en t sh ou ld be clea n ed of
oil, gr ea se, or slipper y m a t er ia ls. T h is
ca n ea sily be don e wit h a solven t or
st ea m clea n in g.
(v i i ) L a d d e r s h a v i n g d e fe c t s a r e t o b e
m a r k ed a n d t a k en ou t of ser vice u n t il
r epa ir ed by eit h er m a in t en a n ce depa r t -
m e n t o r t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(3) U se of la d d ers. (i ). A s i m p l e r u l e
fo r s e t t i n g u p a l a d d e r a t t h e p r o p e r
a n gle is t o pla ce t h e ba se a dist a n ce
fr o m t h e v e r t i c a l w a l l e q u a l t o o n e -
fo u r t h t h e w o r k i n g l e n g t h o f t h e l a d -
der .
(i i ) P o r t a b l e l a d d e r s a r e d e s i g n e d a s a
o n e -m a n w o r k i n g l a d d e r b a s e d o n a 200-
pou n d loa d.
(i i i ) T h e l a d d e r b a s e s e c t i o n m u s t b e
p l a c e d w i t h a s e c u r e fo o t i n g .
(i v ) T h e t o p o f t h e l a d d e r m u s t b e
pla ced wit h t h e t wo r a ils su ppor t ed,
u n less equ ipped wit h a sin gle su ppor t
a t t a ch m en t .
(v ) Wh e n a s c e n d i n g o r d e s c e n d i n g ,
t h e c l i m b e r m u s t fa c e t h e l a d d e r .
(v i ) L a d d e r s m u s t n o t b e t i e d o r fa s -
t en ed t oget h er t o pr ovide lon ger sec-
t ion s. T h ey m u st be equ ipped wit h t h e
h a r d w a r e fi t t i n g s n e c e s s a r y i f t h e m a n -
u fa c t u r e r e n d o r s e s e x t e n d e d u s e s .
(v i i ) L a d d e r s s h o u l d n o t b e u s e d a s a
br a ce, sk id, gu y or gin pole, ga n gwa y ,
o r fo r o t h e r u s e s t h a n t h a t fo r w h i c h
t h e y w e r e i n t e n d e d , u n l e s s s p e c i fi c a l l y
r e c o m m e n d e d fo r u s e b y t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r er .
124
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(v i i i ) S e e § 1910.333(c ) fo r w o r k p r a c -
t ices t o be u sed wh en wor k is per -
fo r m e d o n o r n e a r e l e c t r i c c i r c u i t s .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49745, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5321, F e b . 10,
1984; 55 F R 32014, A u g . 6, 1990]
§ 1910.27 Fixed ladders.
(a ) D esign requ irem en t s—(1) D e s i g n
con sider a t ion s. All la dder s, a ppu r -
t e n a n c e s , a n d fa s t e n i n g s s h a l l b e d e -
s i g n e d t o m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g l o a d r e -
qu ir em en t s:
(i ) T h e m i n i m u m d e s i g n l i v e l o a d
sh a ll be a sin gle con cen t r a t ed loa d of
200 p o u n d s .
(i i ) T h e n u m b e r a n d p o s i t i o n o f a d d i -
t i o n a l c o n c e n t r a t e d l i v e -l o a d u n i t s o f
200 p o u n d s e a c h a s d e t e r m i n e d fr o m a n -
t icipa t ed u sa ge of t h e la dder sh a ll be
con sider ed in t h e design .
(i i i ) T h e l i v e l o a d s i m p o s e d b y p e r -
son s occu py in g t h e la dder sh a ll be con -
sider ed t o be con cen t r a t ed a t su ch
poin t s a s will ca u se t h e m a xim u m
st r ess in t h e st r u ct u r a l m em ber bein g
con sider ed.
(i v ) T h e w e i g h t o f t h e l a d d e r a n d a t -
t a ch ed a ppu r t en a n ces t oget h er wit h
t h e live loa d sh a ll be con sider ed in t h e
d e s i g n o f r a i l s a n d fa s t e n i n g s .
(2) D esign st resses. D e s i g n s t r e s s e s fo r
wood com pon en t s of la dder s sh a ll n ot
e x c e e d t h o s e s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.25. A l l
w o o d p a r t s o f fi x e d l a d d e r s s h a l l m e e t
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.25(b ).
F o r fi x e d l a d d e r s c o n s i s t i n g o f w o o d
side r a ils a n d wood r u n gs or clea t s,
u s e d a t a p i t c h i n t h e r a n g e 75 d e g r e e s
t o 90 d e g r e e s , a n d i n t e n d e d fo r u s e b y
n o m or e t h a n on e per son per sect ion ,
sin gle la dder s as descr ibed in
§ 1910.25(c )(3)(i i ) a r e a c c e p t a b l e .
(b ) S p ecif ic f ea t u res—(1) R u n gs a n d
clea t s. (i ) A l l r u n g s s h a l l h a v e a m i n -
i m u m d i a m e t e r o f t h r e e -fo u r t h s i n c h
fo r m e t a l l a d d e r s , e x c e p t a s c o v e r e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(7)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d a
m i n i m u m d i a m e t e r o f 11⁄8 i n c h e s fo r
wood la dder s.
(i i ) T h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n r u n g s ,
c l e a t s , a n d s t e p s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 12
i n c h e s a n d s h a l l b e u n i fo r m t h r o u g h o u t
t h e len gt h of t h e la dder .
(i i i ) T h e m i n i m u m c l e a r l e n g t h o f
r u n g s o r c l e a t s s h a l l b e 16 i n c h e s .
(i v ) R u n g s , c l e a t s , a n d s t e p s s h a l l b e
fr e e o f s p l i n t e r s , s h a r p e d g e s , b u r r s , o r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p r o j e c t i o n s w h i c h m a y b e a h a za r d .
125
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§ 1910.27
(v ) T h e r u n g s o f a n i n d i v i d u a l -r u n g
la dder sh a ll be so design ed t h a t t h e
fo o t c a n n o t s l i d e o ff t h e e n d . A s u g -
g e s t e d d e s i g n i s s h o w n i n fi g u r e D –1.
F I G U R E D –1—S U G G E S T E D D E S I G N F OR R U N G S
ON I N D I V I D U A L - R U N G L A D D E R S .
(2) S id e ra ils. S i d e r a i l s w h i c h m i g h t
be u sed a s a clim bin g a id sh a ll be of
s u c h c r o s s s e c t i o n s a s t o a ffo r d a d e -
q u a t e g r i p p i n g s u r fa c e w i t h o u t s h a r p
edges, splin t er s, or bu r r s.
(3) F a st en in gs. F a s t e n i n g s s h a l l b e a n
i n t e g r a l p a r t o f fi x e d l a d d e r d e s i g n .
(4) S p lices. A l l s p l i c e s m a d e b y w h a t -
ever m ea n s sh a ll m eet design r equ ir e-
m e n t s a s n o t e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s
sect ion . All splices a n d con n ect ion s
sh a ll h a ve sm oot h t r a n sit ion wit h
or igin a l m em ber s a n d wit h n o sh a r p or
ext en sive pr oject ion s.
(5) E lect roly t ic a ct ion . A d e q u a t e m e a n s
sh a ll be em ploy ed t o pr ot ect dissim ila r
m e t a l s fr o m e l e c t r o l y t i c a c t i o n w h e n
su ch m et a ls a r e join ed.
(6) W eld in g. A l l w e l d i n g s h a l l b e i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e ‘‘Co d e fo r We l d i n g
i n B u i l d i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n ’’ (A WS D 1.0–
1966).
(7) P rot ect ion f rom d et eriora t ion . (i )
Met a l la dder s a n d a ppu r t en a n ces sh a ll
be pa in t ed or ot h er wise t r ea t ed t o r e-
sist cor r osion a n d r u st in g wh en loca -
t i o n d e m a n d s . L a d d e r s fo r m e d b y i n d i -
vidu a l m et a l r u n gs im bedded in con -
cr et e, wh ich ser ve a s a ccess t o pit s a n d
t o o t h e r a r e a s u n d e r fl o o r s , a r e fr e -
qu en t ly loca t ed in a n a t m osph er e t h a t
ca u ses cor r osion a n d r u st in g. T o in -
c r e a s e r u n g l i fe i n s u c h a t m o s p h e r e , i n -
dividu a l m et a l r u n gs sh a ll h a ve a m in -
im u m dia m et er of 1 in ch or sh a ll be
EC27OC91.001
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 § 1910.27
pa in t ed or ot h er wise t r ea t ed t o r esist
cor r osion a n d r u st in g.
(i i ) Wo o d l a d d e r s , w h e n u s e d u n d e r
con dit ion s wh er e deca y m a y occu r ,
sh a ll be t r ea t ed wit h a n on ir r it a t in g
pr eser va t ive, a n d t h e det a ils sh a ll be
s u c h a s t o p r e v e n t o r m i n i m i ze t h e a c -
cu m u la t ion of wa t er on wood pa r t s.
(i i i ) Wh e n d i ffe r e n t t y p e s o f m a t e -
r ia ls a r e u sed in t h e con st r u ct ion of a
la dder , t h e m a t er ia ls u sed sh a ll be so
t r e a t e d a s t o h a v e n o d e l e t e r i o u s e ffe c t
on e u pon t h e ot h er .
F I G U R E D –2—R A I L L A D D E R W I T H B A R S T E E L
R A I L S A N D R OU N D S T E E L R U N G S
(c ) Clea ra n ce—(1) Clim bin g sid e. On
fi x e d l a d d e r s , t h e p e r p e n d i c u l a r d i s -
t a n c e fr o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t h e r u n g s
t o t h e n ea r est per m a n en t object on t h e
c l i m b i n g s i d e o f t h e l a d d e r s h a l l b e 36
i n c h e s fo r a p i t c h o f 76 d e g r e e s , a n d 30
i n c h e s fo r a p i t c h o f 90 d e g r e e s (fi g . D –
2 o f t h i s s e c t i o n ), w i t h m i n i m u m c l e a r -
a n c e s fo r i n t e r m e d i a t e p i t c h e s v a r y i n g
bet ween t h ese t wo lim it s in pr opor t ion
t o t h e slope, except a s pr ovided in su b-
p a r a g r a p h s (3) a n d (5) o f t h i s p a r a -
gr a ph .
(2) L a d d ers w it h ou t ca ges or w ells. A
c l e a r w i d t h o f a t l e a s t 15 i n c h e s s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d e a c h w a y fr o m t h e c e n t e r -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
lin e of t h e la dder in t h e clim bin g
126
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
spa ce, except wh en ca ges or wells a r e
n ecessa r y .
(3) L a d d ers w it h ca ges or ba sk et s. L a d -
der s equ ipped wit h ca ge or ba sk et a r e
e x c e p t e d fr o m t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b -
p a r a g r a p h s (1) a n d (2) o f t h i s p a r a -
g r a p h , b u t s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e p r o v i -
s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (d )(1)(v ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n . F i x e d l a d d e r s i n s m o o t h -w a l l e d
w e l l s a r e e x c e p t e d fr o m t h e p r o v i s i o n s
o f s u b p a r a g r a p h (1) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h ,
b u t s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f
p a r a g r a p h (d )(1)(v i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(4) Clea ra n ce in ba ck of la d d er. T h e
d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f r u n g s ,
clea t s, or st eps t o t h e n ea r est per m a -
n en t object in ba ck of t h e la dder sh a ll
be n ot less t h a n 7 in ch es, except t h a t
wh en u n a voida ble obst r u ct ion s a r e en -
cou n t er ed, m in im u m clea r a n ces a s
s h o w n i n fi g u r e D –3 s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d .
M I N I M U M L A D D E R C L E A R A N CE S
F I G U R E D –3—C L E A R A N CE F OR U N A V OI D A B L E
O B S T R U CT I ON A T R E A R OF F I X E D L A D D E R
(5) Clea ra n ce in ba ck of gra b ba r. T h e
d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t h e
gr a b ba r t o t h e n ea r est per m a n en t ob-
ject in ba ck of t h e gr a b ba r s sh a ll be
n ot less t h a n 4 in ch es. Gr a b ba r s sh a ll
n ot pr ot r u de on t h e clim bin g side be-
y on d t h e r u n gs of t h e la dder wh ich
t h ey ser ve.
(6) S t ep -a cross d ist a n ce. T h e s t e p -
a c r o s s d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e n e a r e s t e d g e
of la dder t o t h e n ea r est edge of equ ip-
m en t or st r u ct u r e sh a ll be n ot m or e
EC27OC91.003
EC27OC91.002
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h a n 12 i n c h e s , o r l e s s t h a n 21⁄2 i n c h e s
(fi g . D –4).
F I G U R E D –4—L A D D E R F A R F R OM W A L L
(7) H a t ch cov er. Co u n t e r w e i g h t e d
h a t ch cover s sh a ll open a m in im u m of
60 d e g r e e s fr o m t h e h o r i zo n t a l . T h e d i s -
t a n c e fr o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f r u n g s o r
clea t s t o t h e edge of t h e h a t ch open in g
on t h e clim bin g side sh a ll be n ot less
t h a n 24 i n c h e s fo r o ffs e t w e l l s o r 30
i n c h e s fo r s t r a i g h t w e l l s . T h e r e s h a l l b e
n o t p r o t r u d i n g p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s w i t h -
i n 24 i n c h e s o f t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f r u n g s
o r c l e a t s ; a n y s u c h h a za r d s w i t h i n 30
in ch es of t h e cen t er lin e of t h e r u n gs or
c l e a t s s h a l l b e fi t t e d w i t h d e fl e c t o r
p l a t e s p l a c e d a t a n a n g l e o f 60 d e g r e e s
fr o m t h e h o r i zo n t a l a s i n d i c a t e d i n fi g -
u r e D –5. T h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f a fi x e d l a d -
der t o a n a ccept a ble cou n t er weigh t ed
h a t c h c o v e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n fi g u r e D –6.
(d ) S p ecia l requ irem en t s—(1) Ca ges or
w ells. (i ) Ca g e s o r w e l l s (e x c e p t o n
ch im n ey la dder s) sh a ll be bu ilt , a s
sh own on t h e a pplica ble dr a win gs, cov-
e r e d i n d e t a i l i n fi g u r e s D –7, D –8, a n d
D –9, o r o f e q u i v a l e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n .
(i i ) Ca g e s o r w e l l s (e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d
i n s u b p a r a g r a p h (5) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h )
c o n fo r m i n g t o t h e d i m e n s i o n s s h o w n i n
fi g u r e s D –7, D –8, a n d D –9 s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d o n l a d d e r s o f m o r e t h a n 20 fe e t t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a m a x i m u m u n b r o k e n l e n g t h o f 30 fe e t .
127
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00137 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.27
F I G U R E D –5—D E F L E CT OR P L A T E S F OR H E A D
HAZAR DS
F I G U R E D –6—R E L A T I ON S H I P OF F I X E D L A D D E R
T O A S A F E A CCE S S H A T CH
(i i i ) Ca g e s s h a l l e x t e n d a m i n i m u m o f
42 i n c h e s a b o v e t h e t o p o f l a n d i n g , u n -
less ot h er a ccept a ble pr ot ect ion is pr o-
vided.
(i v ) Ca g e s s h a l l e x t e n d d o w n t h e l a d -
d e r t o a p o i n t n o t l e s s t h a n 7 fe e t n o r
m o r e t h a n 8 fe e t a b o v e t h e b a s e o f t h e
l a d d e r , w i t h b o t t o m fl a r e d n o t l e s s
t h a n 4 in ch es, or por t ion of ca ge oppo-
sit e la dder sh a ll be ca r r ied t o t h e ba se.
(v ) Ca g e s s h a l l n o t e x t e n d l e s s t h a n
27 n o r m o r e t h a n 28 i n c h e s fr o m t h e
cen t er lin e of t h e r u n gs of t h e la dder .
Ca g e s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n 27 i n c h e s i n
widt h . T h e in side sh a ll be clea r of pr o-
ject ion s. Ver t ica l ba r s sh a ll be loca t ed
a t a m a x i m u m s p a c i n g o f 40 d e g r e e s
a r o u n d t h e c i r c u m fe r e n c e o f t h e c a g e ;
t h is will give a m a xim u m spa cin g of
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 91⁄2 i n c h e s , c e n t e r t o
cen t er .
(v i ) L a d d e r w e l l s s h a l l h a v e a c l e a r
EC27OC91.006
w i d t h o f a t l e a s t 15 i n c h e s m e a s u r e d
e a c h w a y fr o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t h e
l a d d e r . S m o o t h -w a l l e d w e l l s s h a l l b e a
EC27OC91.005
EC27OC91.004
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.27 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

m i n i m u m o f 27 i n c h e s fr o m t h e c e n t e r -
lin e of r u n gs t o t h e well wa ll on t h e
c l i m b i n g s i d e o f t h e l a d d e r . Wh e r e
ot h er obst r u ct ion s on t h e clim bin g side
of t h e la dder exist , t h er e sh a ll be a
m i n i m u m o f 30 i n c h e s fr o m t h e c e n t e r -
lin e of t h e r u n gs.

F I G U R E D –7—C A G E S F OR L A D D E R S M OR E T H A N
20 F E E T H I G H

F I G U R E D –8—C L E A R A N CE D I A G R A M F OR F I X E D L A D D E R I N W E L L
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

EC27OC91.008

128
EC27OC91.007

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.27

(3) L a d d er ex t en sion s. T h e s i d e r a i l s o f
t h r o u g h o r s i d e -s t e p l a d d e r e x t e n s i o n s
s h a l l e x t e n d 31⁄2 fe e t a b o v e p a r a p e t s a n d
la n din gs. F or t h r ou gh la dder ext en -
s i o n s , t h e r u n g s s h a l l b e o m i t t e d fr o m
t h e ext en sion a n d sh a ll h a ve n ot less
t h a n 18 n o r m o r e t h a n 24 i n c h e s c l e a r -
a n c e b e t w e e n r a i l s . F o r s i d e -s t e p o r o ff-
s e t fi x e d l a d d e r s e c t i o n s , a t l a n d i n g s ,
t h e side r a ils a n d r u n gs sh a ll be ca r r ied
t o t h e n ext r egu la r r u n g bey on d or
a b o v e t h e 31⁄2 fe e t m i n i m u m (fi g . D –10).

F I G U R E D –9—C A G E S —S P E CI A L A P P L I CA T I ON S .
(2) L a n d in g p la t f orm s. Wh e n l a d d e r s
a r e u sed t o a scen d t o h eigh t s exceedin g
20 fe e t (e x c e p t o n c h i m n e y s ), l a n d i n g
p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h 30
fe e t o f h e i g h t o r fr a c t i o n t h e r e o f, e x -
cept t h a t , wh er e n o ca ge, well, or la d-
d e r s a fe t y d e v i c e i s p r o v i d e d , l a n d i n g
p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h 20
fe e t o f h e i g h t o r fr a c t i o n t h e r e o f. E a c h
l a d d e r s e c t i o n s h a l l b e o ffs e t fr o m a d j a -
c e n t s e c t i o n s . Wh e r e i n s t a l l a t i o n c o n -
d i t i o n s (e v e n fo r a s h o r t , u n b r o k e n
len gt h ) r equ ir e t h a t a dja cen t sect ion s
b e o ffs e t , l a n d i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d a t e a c h o ffs e t .
(i ) Wh e r e a m a n h a s t o s t e p a d i s -
t a n c e g r e a t e r t h a n 12 i n c h e s fr o m t h e
cen t er lin e of t h e r u n g of a la dder t o t h e
n ea r est edge of st r u ct u r e or equ ipm en t ,
a l a n d i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d . F I G U R E D –10—O F F S E T F I X E D L A D D E R
T h e m i n i m u m s t e p -a c r o s s d i s t a n c e S E CT I ON S
s h a l l b e 21⁄2 i n c h e s . (4) Gra b ba rs. G r a b b a r s s h a l l b e
(i i ) A l l l a n d i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e spa ced by a con t in u a t ion of t h e r u n g
equ ipped wit h st a n da r d r a ilin gs a n d spa cin g wh en t h ey a r e loca t ed in t h e
t o e b o a r d s , s o a r r a n g e d a s t o g i v e s a fe h o r i zo n t a l p o s i t i o n . V e r t i c a l g r a b b a r s
a c c e s s t o t h e l a d d e r . P l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e sh a ll h a ve t h e sa m e spa cin g a s t h e la d-
n o t l e s s t h a n 24 i n c h e s i n w i d t h a n d 30 d e r s i d e r a i l s . G r a b -b a r d i a m e t e r s s h a l l
in ch es in len gt h . b e t h e e q u i v a l e n t o f t h e r o u n d -r u n g d i -
(i i i ) On e r u n g o f a n y s e c t i o n o f l a d d e r a m et er s.
sh a ll be loca t ed a t t h e level of t h e (5) L a d d er sa f et y d ev ices. L a d d e r s a fe -
la n din g la t er a lly ser ved by t h e la dder . t y devices m a y be u sed on t ower , wa t er
Wh e r e a c c e s s t o t h e l a n d i n g i s t h r o u g h t a n k , a n d c h i m n e y l a d d e r s o v e r 20 fe e t
t h e la dder , t h e sa m e r u n g spa cin g a s in u n br ok en len gt h in lieu of ca ge pr o-
u s e d o n t h e l a d d e r s h a l l b e u s e d fr o m t e c t i o n . N o l a n d i n g p l a t fo r m i s r e -
t h e l a n d i n g p l a t fo r m t o t h e fi r s t r u n g q u i r e d i n t h e s e c a s e s . A l l l a d d e r s a fe t y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

below t h e la n din g. devices su ch a s t h ose t h a t in cor por a t e

EC27OC91.010

129
EC27OC91.009

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00139 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.28
l i fe b e l t s , fr i c t i o n b r a k e s , a n d s l i d i n g
a t t a ch m en t s sh a ll m eet t h e design r e-
qu ir em en t s of t h e la dder s wh ich t h ey
ser ve.
(e ) P it ch —(1) P ref erred p it ch . T h e p r e -
fe r r e d p i t c h o f fi x e d l a d d e r s s h a l l b e
c o n s i d e r e d t o c o m e i n t h e r a n g e o f 75
d e g r e e s a n d 90 d e g r e e s w i t h t h e h o r i -
zo n t a l (fi g . D –11).
F I G U R E D –11—P I T CH OF F I X E D L A D D E R S
(2) S u bst a n d a rd p it ch . F i x e d l a d d e r s
sh a ll be con sider ed a s su bst a n da r d if
t h ey a r e in st a lled wit h in t h e su b-
s t a n d a r d p i t c h r a n g e o f 60 a n d 75 d e -
g r e e s w i t h t h e h o r i zo n t a l . S u b s t a n d a r d
fi x e d l a d d e r s a r e p e r m i t t e d o n l y w h e r e
i t i s fo u n d n e c e s s a r y t o m e e t c o n d i -
t ion s of in st a lla t ion . T h is su bst a n da r d
pit ch r a n ge sh a ll be con sider ed a s a
cr it ica l r a n ge t o be a voided, if possible.
(3) S cop e of cov era ge in t h is sect ion .
T h i s s e c t i o n c o v e r s o n l y fi x e d l a d d e r s
w i t h i n t h e p i t c h r a n g e o f 60 d e g r e e s
a n d 90 d e g r e e s w i t h t h e h o r i zo n t a l .
(4) P it ch grea t er t h a n 90 d egrees. L a d -
d e r s h a v i n g a p i t c h i n e x c e s s o f 90 d e -
g r e e s w i t h t h e h o r i zo n t a l a r e p r o h i b -
it ed.
(f) M a in t en a n ce. A l l l a d d e r s s h a l l b e
m a i n t a i n e d i n a s a fe c o n d i t i o n . A l l l a d -
der s sh a ll be in spect ed r egu la r ly , wit h
t h e in t er va ls bet ween in spect ion s bein g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
det er m in ed by u se a n d exposu r e.
130
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
§ 1910.28 Safety requirements for scaf-
folding.
(a ) Gen era l requ irem en t s f or a ll sca f -
f old s. (1) S c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e fu r n i s h e d
a n d er ect ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is
s t a n d a r d fo r p e r s o n s e n g a g e d i n w o r k
t h a t c a n n o t b e d o n e s a fe l y fr o m t h e
g r o u n d o r fr o m s o l i d c o n s t r u c t i o n , e x -
c e p t t h a t l a d d e r s u s e d fo r s u c h w o r k
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o § 1910.25 a n d § 1910.26.
(2) T h e fo o t i n g o r a n c h o r a g e fo r s c a f-
fo l d s s h a l l b e s o u n d , r i g i d , a n d c a p a b l e
of ca r r y in g t h e m a xim u m in t en ded
loa d wit h ou t set t lin g or displa cem en t .
Un st a ble object s su ch a s ba r r els, boxes,
loose br ick , or con cr et e block s sh a ll
n o t b e u s e d t o s u p p o r t s c a ffo l d s o r
pla n k s.
(3) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) S c a ffo l d s a n d t h e i r c o m p o n e n t s
sh a ll be ca pa ble of su ppor t in g wit h ou t
fa i l u r e a t l e a s t fo u r t i m e s t h e m a x -
im u m in t en ded loa d.
(5) S c a ffo l d s a n d o t h e r d e v i c e s m e n -
t ion ed or descr ibed in t h is sect ion sh a ll
b e m a i n t a i n e d i n s a fe c o n d i t i o n . S c a f-
fo l d s s h a l l n o t b e a l t e r e d o r m o v e d
h o r i zo n t a l l y w h i l e t h e y a r e i n u s e o r
occu pied.
(6) A n y s c a ffo l d d a m a g e d o r w e a k -
e n e d fr o m a n y c a u s e s h a l l b e i m m e -
dia t ely r epa ir ed a n d sh a ll n ot be u sed
u n t il r epa ir s h a ve been com plet ed.
(7) S c a ffo l d s s h a l l n o t b e l o a d e d i n
e x c e s s o f t h e w o r k i n g l o a d fo r w h i c h
t h ey a r e in t en ded.
(8) A l l l o a d -c a r r y i n g t i m b e r m e m b e r s
o f s c a ffo l d fr a m i n g s h a l l b e a m i n i m u m
o f 1,500 f . (S t r e s s G r a d e ) c o n s t r u c t i o n
gr a de lu m ber . All dim en sion s a r e n om i-
n a l s i ze s a s p r o v i d e d i n t h e A m e r i c a n
L u m ber S t a n da r ds, except t h a t wh er e
r o u g h s i ze s a r e n o t e d , o n l y r o u g h o r
u n d r e s s e d l u m b e r o f t h e s i ze s p e c i fi e d
w i l l s a t i s fy m i n i m u m r e q u i r e m e n t s .
(N OT E : Wh e r e n o m i n a l s i ze s o f l u m b e r
a r e u s e d i n p l a c e o f r o u g h s i ze s , t h e
n o m i n a l s i ze l u m b e r s h a l l b e s u c h a s t o
pr ovide equ iva len t st r en gt h t o t h a t
s p e c i fi e d i n t a b l e s D –7 t h r o u g h D –12
a n d D –16.)
(9) A l l p l a n k i n g s h a l l b e S c a ffo l d
G r a d e a s r e c o g n i ze d b y g r a d i n g r u l e s
fo r t h e s p e c i e s o f w o o d u s e d . T h e m a x -
i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e s p a n s fo r 2- × 9-i n c h
o r w i d e r p l a n k s a r e s h o w n i n t h e fo l -
lowin g t a ble:
EC27OC91.011
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
Material
Nominal
Full thickness un-
thickness
dressed lumber lumber
Working load
(p.s.f.) ............... 25 50 75 25 50
Permissible span
(ft.) ................... 10 8 6 8 9
T h e m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e s p a n fo r
11⁄4×9-i n c h o r w i d e r p l a n k o f fu l l t h i c k -
n e s s i s 4 fe e t w i t h m e d i u m l o a d i n g o f 50
p .s .f.
(10) N a i l s o r b o l t s u s e d i n t h e c o n -
s t r u c t i o n o f s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e o f a d e -
q u a t e s i ze a n d i n s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r s a t
ea ch con n ect ion t o develop t h e de-
s i g n e d s t r e n g t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d . N a i l s
sh a ll n ot be su bject ed t o a st r a igh t pu ll
a n d s h a l l b e d r i v e n fu l l l e n g t h .
(11) A l l p l a n k i n g o r p l a t fo r m s s h a l l
b e o v e r l a p p e d (m i n i m u m 12 i n c h e s ) o r
s e c u r e d fr o m m o v e m e n t .
(12) A n a c c e s s l a d d e r o r e q u i v a l e n t
s a fe a c c e s s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d .
(13) S c a ffo l d p l a n k s s h a l l e x t e n d o v e r
t h eir en d su ppor t s n ot less t h a n 6
i n c h e s n o r m o r e t h a n 18 i n c h e s .
(14) T h e p o l e s , l e g s , o r u p r i g h t s o f
s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e p l u m b , a n d s e c u r e l y
a n d r igidly br a ced t o pr even t swa y in g
a n d displa cem en t .
(15) M a t e r i a l s b e i n g h o i s t e d o n t o a
s c a ffo l d s h a l l h a v e a t a g l i n e .
(16) Ov e r h e a d p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d fo r m e n o n a s c a ffo l d e x p o s e d t o
o v e r h e a d h a za r d s .
(17) S c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a
scr een bet ween t h e t oeboa r d a n d t h e
gu a r dr a il, ext en din g a lon g t h e en t ir e
o p e n i n g , c o n s i s t i n g o f N o . 18 g a u g e U .S .
S t a n d a r d Wi r e o n e -h a l f-i n c h m e s h o r
t h e equ iva len t , wh er e per son s a r e r e-
q u i r e d t o w o r k o r p a s s u n d e r t h e s c a f-
fo l d s .
(18) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l n o t w o r k o n
s c a ffo l d s d u r i n g s t o r m s o r h i g h w i n d s .
(19) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l n o t w o r k o n
s c a ffo l d s w h i c h a r e c o v e r e d w i t h i c e o r
sn ow, u n less a ll ice or sn ow is r em oved
a n d pla n k in g sa n ded t o pr even t slip-
pin g.
(20) T o o l s , m a t e r i a l s , a n d d e b r i s s h a l l
n ot be a llowed t o a ccu m u la t e in qu a n -
t i t i e s t o c a u s e a h a za r d .
(21) On l y t r e a t e d o r p r o t e c t e d fi b e r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r o p e s h a l l b e u s e d fo r o r n e a r a n y w o r k
131
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§ 1910.28
in volvin g t h e u se of cor r osive su b-
st a n ces or ch em ica ls.
(22) Wi r e o r fi b e r r o p e u s e d fo r s c a f-
fo l d s u s p e n s i o n s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f s u p -
por t in g a t lea st six t im es t h e in t en ded
loa d.
(23) Wh e n a c i d s o l u t i o n s a r e u s e d fo r
c l e a n i n g b u i l d i n g s o v e r 50 fe e t i n
h e i g h t , w i r e r o p e s u p p o r t e d s c a ffo l d s
sh a ll be u sed.
(24) T h e u s e o f s h o r e s c a ffo l d s o r
l e a n -t o s c a ffo l d s i s p r o h i b i t e d .
(25) L u m b e r s i ze s , w h e n u s e d i n t h i s
s e c t i o n , r e fe r t o n o m i n a l s i ze s e x c e p t
wh er e ot h er wise st a t ed.
(26) S c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e s e c u r e d t o p e r -
m a n en t st r u ct u r es, t h r ou gh u se of a n -
ch or bolt s, r evea l bolt s, or ot h er equ iv-
a l e n t m e a n s . Wi n d o w c l e a n e r s ’ a n c h o r
bolt s sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(27) S p e c i a l p r e c a u t i o n s s h a l l b e
t a k e n t o p r o t e c t s c a ffo l d m e m b e r s , i n -
c l u d i n g a n y w i r e o r fi b e r r o p e s , w h e n
u s i n g a h e a t -p r o d u c i n g p r o c e s s .
(b ) Gen era l requ irem en t s f or w ood p ole
sca f f old s. (1) S c a ffo l d p o l e s s h a l l b e a r
o n a fo u n d a t i o n o f s u ffi c i e n t s i ze a n d
s t r e n g t h t o s p r e a d t h e l o a d fr o m t h e
p o l e s o v e r a s u ffi c i e n t a r e a t o p r e v e n t
set t lem en t . All poles sh a ll be set
plu m b.
(2) Wh e r e w o o d p o l e s a r e s p l i c e d , t h e
en ds sh a ll be squ a r ed a n d t h e u pper
sect ion sh a ll r est squ a r ely on t h e lower
s e c t i o n . Wo o d s p l i c e p l a t e s s h a l l b e
pr ovided on a t lea st t wo a dja cen t sides
a n d s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n 4 fe e t 0
in ch es in len gt h , over la ppin g t h e a bu t -
t ed en ds equ a lly , a n d h a ve t h e sa m e
w i d t h a n d n o t l e s s t h a n t h e c r o s s -s e c -
t ion a l a r ea of t h e pole. S plice pla t es of
ot h er m a t er ia ls of equ iva len t st r en gt h
m a y be u sed.
(3) I n d e p e n d e n t p o l e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e
set a s n ea r t o t h e wa ll of t h e bu ildin g
a s pr a ct ica ble.
(4) A l l p o l e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y
gu y ed or t ied t o t h e bu ildin g or st r u c-
t u r e . Wh e r e t h e h e i g h t o r l e n g t h e x -
c e e d s 25 fe e t , t h e s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e s e -
c u r e d a t i n t e r v a l s n o t g r e a t e r t h a n 25
fe e t v e r t i c a l l y a n d h o r i zo n t a l l y .
(5) P u t l o g s o r b e a r e r s s h a l l b e s e t
wit h t h eir gr ea t er dim en sion s ver t ica l,
lon g en ou gh t o pr oject over t h e ledger s
of t h e in n er a n d ou t er r ows of poles a t
l e a s t 3 i n c h e s fo r p r o p e r s u p p o r t .
(6) E v e r y w o o d e n p u t l o g o n s i n g l e
p o l e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e r e i n fo r c e d w i t h a
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.28
3⁄16×2-i n c h s t e e l s t r i p o r e q u i v a l e n t s e -
cu r ed t o it s lower edge t h r ou gh ou t it s
en t ir e len gt h .
(7) L e d g e r s s h a l l b e l o n g e n o u g h t o
ext en d over t wo pole spa ces. L edger s
sh a ll n ot be spliced bet ween t h e poles.
L e d g e r s s h a l l b e r e i n fo r c e d b y b e a r i n g
block s secu r ely n a iled t o t h e side of
t h e p o l e t o fo r m a s u p p o r t fo r t h e l e d g -
er .
(8) D i a g o n a l b r a c i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
t o p r e v e n t t h e p o l e s fr o m m o v i n g i n a
dir ect ion pa r a llel wit h t h e wa ll of t h e
b u i l d i n g , o r fr o m b u c k l i n g .
(9) Cr o s s b r a c i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d b e -
t ween t h e in n er a n d ou t er set s of poles
i n i n d e p e n d e n t p o l e s c a ffo l d s . T h e fr e e
e n d s o f p o l e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e c r o s s
br a ced.
(10) F u l l d i a g o n a l fa c e b r a c i n g s h a l l
b e e r e c t e d a c r o s s t h e e n t i r e fa c e o f p o l e
s c a ffo l d s i n b o t h d i r e c t i o n s . T h e b r a c e s
sh a ll be spliced a t t h e poles.
(11) P l a t fo r m p l a n k s s h a l l b e l a i d
wit h t h eir edges close t oget h er so t h e
p l a t fo r m w i l l b e t i g h t w i t h n o s p a c e s
t h r o u g h w h i c h t o o l s o r fr a g m e n t s o f
m a t e r i a l c a n fa l l .
(12) Wh e r e p l a n k i n g i s l a p p e d , e a c h
pla n k sh a ll la p it s en d su ppor t s a t lea st
12 i n c h e s . Wh e r e t h e e n d s o f p l a n k s
a b u t e a c h o t h e r t o fo r m a fl u s h fl o o r ,
t h e bu t t join t sh a ll be a t t h e cen t er lin e
of a pole. T h e a bu t t ed en ds sh a ll r est
on sepa r a t e bea r er s. In t er m edia t e
bea m s sh a ll be pr ovided wh er e n ec-
essa r y t o pr even t dislodgm en t of
p l a n k s d u e t o d e fl e c t i o n , a n d t h e e n d s
sh a ll be n a iled or clea t ed t o pr even t
t h eir dislodgm en t .
(13) Wh e n a s c a ffo l d t u r n s a c o r n e r ,
t h e p l a t fo r m p l a n k s s h a l l b e l a i d t o
TABLE D–7—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE
SCAFFOLDS—LIGHT DUTY
Uniformly distributed load ................................................
Poles or uprights ..............................................................
Pole spacing (longitudinal) ...............................................
Maximum width of scaffold ..............................................
Bearers or putlogs to 3 ft. 0 in. width ..............................
Bearers or putlogs to 5 ft. 0 in. width ..............................
Ledgers ............................................................................
Planking ...........................................................................
Vertical spacing of horizontal members ..........................
Bracing, horizontal and diagonal .....................................
Tie-ins ..............................................................................
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
Toeboards ........................................................................
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00142 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
pr even t t ippin g. T h e pla n k s t h a t m eet
t h e cor n er pu t log a t a n a n gle sh a ll be
l a i d fi r s t , e x t e n d i n g o v e r t h e d i a g o -
n a l l y p l a c e d p u t l o g fa r e n o u g h t o h a v e
a g o o d s a fe b e a r i n g , b u t n o t fa r e n o u g h
t o i n v o l v e a n y d a n g e r fr o m t i p p i n g .
T h e pla n k in g r u n n in g in t h e opposit e
dir ect ion a t r igh t a n gles sh a ll be la id
so a s t o ext en d over a n d r est on t h e
fi r s t l a y e r o f p l a n k i n g .
(14) Wh e n m o v i n g p l a t fo r m s t o t h e
n e x t l e v e l , t h e o l d p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
l e ft u n d i s t u r b e d u n t i l t h e n e w p u t l o g s
or bea r er s h a ve been set in pla ce, r ea dy
t o r e c e i v e t h e p l a t fo r m p l a n k s .
(15) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 × 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1 × 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(16) A l l w o o d p o l e s c a ffo l d s 60 fe e t o r
less in h eigh t sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a n d
e r e c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t a b l e s D –7
t h r o u g h D –12 o f t h i s s e c t i o n . I f t h e y a r e
o v e r 60 fe e t i n h e i g h t t h e y s h a l l b e d e -
s i g n e d b y a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n -
gin eer a n d con st r u ct ed a n d er ect ed in
a ccor da n ce wit h su ch design . A copy of
t h e t y p i c a l d r a w i n g s a n d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
sh a ll be m a de a va ila ble t o t h e em -
p l o y e r a n d fo r i n s p e c t i o n p u r p o s e s .
(17) Wo o d -p o l e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l n o t b e
e r e c t e d b e y o n d t h e r e a c h o f e ffe c t i v e
fi r e fi g h t i n g a p p a r a t u s .
Maximum height of scaffold
20 feet 60 feet
Not to exceed 25 pounds per
square foot..
2 by 4 in ....................................... 4 by 4 in.
6 ft. 0 in ........................................ 10 ft. 0 in.
5 ft. 0 in ........................................ 5 ft. 0 in.
2 by 4 in ....................................... 2 by 4 in.
2 by 6 in. or 3 by 4 in .................. 2 by 6 in. or 3 by 4 in.(rough).
1 by 4 in ....................................... 11⁄4 by 9 in.
11⁄4 by 9 in. (rough) ...................... 2 by 9 in.
7 ft. 0 in ........................................ 7 ft. 0 in.
1 by 4 in ....................................... 1 by 4 in.
1 by 4 in ....................................... 1 by 4 in.
4 in. high (minimum) .................... 4 in. high (minimum).
132
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.28

TABLE D–7—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE
SCAFFOLDS—LIGHT DUTY—Continued
Maximum height of scaffold

20 feet 60 feet

Guardrail .......................................................................... 2 by 4 in ....................................... 2 by 4 in.

All members except planking are used on edge.

TABLE D–8—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND MAX- TABLE D–9—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND MAX-
IMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE IMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF SINGLE POLE
SCAFFOLDS—MEDIUM DUTY SCAFFOLDS—HEAVY DUTY
Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 50 pounds Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 75 pounds
per square foot. per square foot.
Maximum height of scaffold ......... 60 ft. Maximum height of scaffold ......... 60 ft.
Poles or uprights .......................... 4 by 4 in. Poles or uprights .......................... 4 by 4 in.
Pole spacing (longitudinal) ........... 8 ft. 0 in. Pole spacing (longitudinal) ........... 6 ft. 0 in.
Maximum width of scaffold ........... 5 ft. 0 in. Maximum width of scaffold ........... 5 ft. 0 in.
Bearers or putlogs ........................ 2 by 9 in. or 3 by 4 in. Bearers or putlogs ........................ 2 by 9 in. or 3 by 5 in.
Spacing of bearers or putlogs ...... 8 ft. 0 in. (rough).
Ledgers ......................................... 2 by 9 in. Spacing of bearers or putlogs ...... 6 ft. 0 in.
Vertical spacing of horizontal 9 ft. 0 in. Ledgers ......................................... 2 by 9 in.
members. Vertical spacing of horizontal 6 ft. 6 in.
Bracing, horizontal ........................ 1 by 6 in. or 11⁄4 by 4 in. members.
Bracing, diagonal .......................... 1 by 4 in. Bracing, horizontal and diagonal .. 2 by 4 in.
Tie-ins ........................................... 1 by 4 in. Tie-ins ........................................... 1 by 4 in.
Planking ........................................ 2 by 9 in. Planking ........................................ 2 by 9 in.
Toeboards ..................................... 4 in. high (minimum). Toeboards ..................................... 4 in. high (minimum).
Guardrail ....................................... 2 by 4 in. Guardrail ....................................... 2 by 4 in.
All members except planking are used on edge. All members except planking are used on edge.

TABLE D–10—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT POLE
SCAFFOLDS—LIGHT DUTY
Maximum height of scaffold

20 feet 60 feet

Uniformly distributed load ................................................ Not to exceed 25 pounds per

square foot..
Poles or uprights .............................................................. 2 by 4 in ....................................... 4 by 4 in.
Pole spacing (longitudinal) ............................................... 6 ft. 0 in ........................................ 10 ft. 0 in.
Pole spacing (transverse) ................................................ 6 ft. 0 in ........................................ 10 ft. 0 in.
Ledgers ............................................................................ 11⁄4 by 4 in ................................... 11⁄4 by 9 in.
Bearers to 3 ft. 0 in. span ................................................ 2 by 4 in ....................................... 2 by 4 in.
Bearers to 10 ft. 0 in. span .............................................. 2 by 6 in. or 3 by 4 in .................. 2 by 9 (rough) or 3 by 8 in.
Planking ........................................................................... 11⁄4 by 9 in ................................... 2 by 9 in.
Vertical spacing of horizontal members .......................... 7 ft. 0 in ........................................ 7 ft. 0 in.
Bracing, horizontal and diagonal ..................................... 1 by 4 in ....................................... 1 by 4 in.
Tie-ins .............................................................................. 1 by 4 in ....................................... 1 by 4 in.
Toeboards ........................................................................ 4 in. high ...................................... 4 in. high (minimum).
Guardrail .......................................................................... 2 by 4 in ....................................... 2 by 4 in.
All members except planking are used on edge.

TABLE D–11—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND TABLE D–11—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND
MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDE- MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDE-
PENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS—MEDIUM DUTY PENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS—MEDIUM DUTY—
Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 50 pounds
Continued
per square foot. Bracing, diagonal .......................... 1 by 4 in.
Maximum height of scaffold ......... 60 ft. Tie-ins ........................................... 1 by 4 in.
Poles or uprights .......................... 4 by 4 in.
Planking ........................................ 2 by 9 in.
Pole spacing (longitudinal) ........... 8 ft. 0 in.
Pole spacing (transverse) ............. 8 ft. 0 in. Toeboards ..................................... 4 in. high (minimum).
Ledgers ......................................... 2 by 9 in. Guardrail ....................................... 2 by 4 in.
Vertical spacing of horizontal 6 ft. 0 in. All members except planking are used on edge.
members.
Spacing of bearers ....................... 8 ft. 0 in.
Bearers ......................................... 2 by 9 in. (rough) or 2 by
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

10 in.
Bracing, horizontal ........................ 1 by 6 in. or 11⁄4 by 4 in.

133

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 § 1910.28 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

TABLE D–12—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND (2) A m e d i u m -d u t y t u b e a n d c o u p l e r

MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF INDE- s c a ffo l d s h a l l h a v e a l l p o s t s , r u n n e r s ,
PENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS—HEAVY DUTY a n d b r a c i n g o f n o m i n a l 2-i n c h O.D .
Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 75 pounds st eel t u bin g. P ost s spa ced n ot m or e
per square foot. t h a n 6 fe e t a p a r t b y 8 fe e t a l o n g t h e
Maximum height of scaffold ......... 60 ft. l e n g t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d s h a l l h a v e b e a r -
Poles or uprights .......................... 4 by 4 in.
Pole spacing (longitudinal) ........... 6 ft. 0 in. e r s o f n o m i n a l 21⁄2-i n c h O.D . s t e e l t u b -
Pole spacing (transverse) ............. 8 ft. 0 in. i n g . P o s t s s p a c e d n o t m o r e t h a n 5 fe e t
Ledgers ......................................... 2 by 9 in. a p a r t b y 8 fe e t a l o n g t h e l e n g t h o f t h e
Vertical spacing of horizontal 4 ft. 6 in.
members. s c a ffo l d s h a l l h a v e b e a r e r s o f n o m i n a l
Bearers ......................................... 2 by 9 in. (rough). 2-i n c h O.D . s t e e l t u b i n g . Ot h e r s t r u c -
Bracing, horizontal and diagonal .. 2 by 4 in.
Tie-ins ........................................... 1 by 4 in.
t u r a l m et a ls wh en u sed m u st be de-
Planking ........................................ 2 by 9 in. sign ed t o ca r r y a n equ iva len t loa d.
Toeboards ..................................... 4 in. high (minimum). (3) A h e a v y -d u t y t u b e a n d c o u p l e r
Guardrail ....................................... 2 by 4 in.
s c a ffo l d s h a l l h a v e a l l p o s t s , r u n n e r s ,
All members except planking are used on edge. a n d b r a c i n g o f n o m i n a l 2-i n c h O.D .
TABLE D–13—TUBE AND COUPLER st eel t u bin g, wit h t h e post s spa ced n ot
SCAFFOLDS—LIGHT DUTY m o r e t h a n 6 fe e t a p a r t b y 6 fe e t 6
i n c h e s a l o n g t h e l e n g t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d .
Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 25 p.s.f. Ot h e r s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l s w h e n u s e d
post spacing (longitudinal) ............ 10 ft. 0 in.
Post spacing (transverse) ............. 6 ft. 0 in. m u st be design ed t o ca r r y a n equ iva -
len t loa d.
Working levels Additional planked Maximum height
(4) T u b e a n d c o u p l e r s c a ffo l d s s h a l l
levels be lim it ed in h eigh t s a n d wor k in g lev-
1 8 125 ft. e l s t o t h o s e p e r m i t t e d i n t a b l e s D –13,
2 4 125 ft. 14, a n d 15, o f t h i s s e c t i o n . D r a w i n g s a n d
3 0 91 ft. 0 in.
s p e c i fi c a t i o n s o f a l l t u b e a n d c o u p l e r
s c a ffo l d s a b o v e t h e l i m i t a t i o n s i n t a -
TABLE D–14—TUBE AND COUPLER b l e s D –13, 14, a n d 15 o f t h i s s e c t i o n
SCAFFOLDS—MEDIUM DUTY sh a ll be design ed by a r egist er ed pr o-
Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 50 p.s.f. fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r a n d c o p i e s m a d e
Post spacing (longitudinal) ........... 8 ft. 0 in. a v a i l a b l e t o t h e e m p l o y e r a n d fo r i n -
Post spacing (transverse) ............. 6 ft. 0 in.
spect ion pu r poses.
Additional planked
(5) A l l t u b e a n d c o u p l e r s c a ffo l d s
Working levels Maximum height sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a n d er ect ed t o
levels
s u p p o r t fo u r t i m e s t h e m a x i m u m i n -
1 6 125 ft.
2 0 78 ft. 0 in. t e n d e d l o a d s a s s e t fo r t h i n t a b l e s D –13,
14, a n d 15 o f t h i s s e c t i o n , o r a s s e t fo r t h
TABLE D–15—TUBE AND COUPLER i n t h e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s b y a r e g i s t e r e d
SCAFFOLDS—HEAVY DUTY p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r , c o p i e s w h i c h
sh a ll be m a de a va ila ble t o t h e em -
Uniformly distributed load ............. Not to exceed 75 p.s.f. p l o y e r a n d fo r i n s p e c t i o n p u r p o s e s .
Post spacing (longitudinal) ........... 6 ft. 6 in.
Post spacing (transverse) ............. 6 ft. 0 in. (6) A l l t u b e a n d c o u p l e r s c a ffo l d s
sh a ll be er ect ed by com pet en t a n d ex-
Additional planked per ien ced per son n el.
Working levels Maximum height
levels (7) P o s t s s h a l l b e a c c u r a t e l y s p a c e d ,
1 6 125 ft. er ect ed on su it a ble ba ses, a n d m a in -
t a in ed plu m b.
(c ) T u be a n d cou p ler sca f f old s. (1) A (8) R u n n e r s s h a l l b e e r e c t e d a l o n g t h e
l i g h t -d u t y t u b e a n d c o u p l e r s c a ffo l d l e n g t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d l o c a t e d o n b o t h
sh a ll h a ve a ll post s, bea r er s, r u n n er s, t h e in side a n d t h e ou t side post s a t even
a n d b r a c i n g o f n o m i n a l 2-i n c h O.D . h eigh t . R u n n er s sh a ll be in t er lock ed t o
st eel t u bin g. T h e post s sh a ll be spa ced fo r m c o n t i n u o u s l e n g t h s a n d c o u p l e d t o
n o m o r e t h a n 6 fe e t a p a r t b y 10 fe e t ea ch post . T h e bot t om r u n n er s sh a ll be
a l o n g t h e l e n g t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d . Ot h e r loca t ed a s close t o t h e ba se a s possible.
st r u ct u r a l m et a ls wh en u sed m u st be R u n n er s sh a ll be pla ced n ot m or e t h a n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

design ed t o ca r r y a n equ iva len t loa d. 6 fe e t 6 i n c h e s o n c e n t e r s .

134

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(9) B e a r e r s s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d t r a n s -
ver sely bet ween post s a n d sh a ll be se-
cu r ely cou pled t o t h e post s bea r in g on
t h e r u n n e r c o u p l e r . Wh e n c o u p l e d d i -
r ect ly t o t h e r u n n er s, t h e cou pler m u st
be k ept a s close t o t h e post s a s pos-
sible.
(10) B e a r e r s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 4 i n c h e s
b u t n o t m o r e t h a n 12 i n c h e s l o n g e r
t h a n t h e post spa cin g or r u n n er spa c-
i n g . B e a r e r s m a y b e c a n t i l e v e r e d fo r
u se a s br a ck et s t o ca r r y n ot m or e t h a n
t wo pla n k s.
(11) Cr o s s b r a c i n g s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d
a c r o s s t h e w i d t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d a t l e a s t
e v e r y t h i r d s e t o f p o s t s h o r i zo n t a l l y
a n d e v e r y fo u r t h r u n n e r v e r t i c a l l y .
S u ch br a cin g sh a ll ext en d dia gon a lly
fr o m t h e i n n e r a n d o u t e r r u n n e r s u p -
wa r d t o t h e n ext ou t er a n d in n er r u n -
n er s.
(12) L o n g i t u d i n a l d i a g o n a l b r a c i n g
sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ppr oxim a t ely a
45-d e g r e e a n g l e fr o m n e a r t h e b a s e o f
t h e fi r s t o u t e r p o s t u p w a r d t o t h e e x -
t r e m e t o p o f t h e s c a ffo l d . Wh e r e t h e
l o n g i t u d i n a l l e n g t h o f t h e s c a ffo l d p e r -
m it s, su ch br a cin g sh a ll be du plica t ed
b e g i n n i n g a t e v e r y fi ft h p o s t . I n a s i m i -
la r m a n n er , lon git u din a l dia gon a l br a c-
i n g s h a l l a l s o b e i n s t a l l e d fr o m t h e l a s t
post ext en din g ba ck a n d u pwa r d t o-
w a r d t h e fi r s t p o s t . Wh e r e c o n d i t i o n s
pr eclu de t h e a t t a ch m en t of t h is br a c-
in g t o t h e post s, it m a y be a t t a ch ed t o
t h e r u n n er s.
(13) T h e e n t i r e s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e t i e d
t o a n d secu r ely br a ced a ga in st t h e
b u i l d i n g a t i n t e r v a l s n o t t o e x c e e d 30
fe e t h o r i zo n t a l l y a n d 26 fe e t v e r t i c a l l y .
(14) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2×4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1×4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(d ) T u bu la r w eld ed f ra m e sca f f old s. (1)
M e t a l t u b u l a r fr a m e s c a ffo l d s , i n c l u d -
in g a ccessor ies su ch a s br a ces, br a ck -
e t s , t r u s s e s , s c r e w l e g s , l a d d e r s , e t c .,
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d p r o v e d t o s a fe l y
s u p p o r t fo u r t i m e s t h e m a x i m u m i n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t en ded loa d.
135
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00145 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.28
(2) S p a c i n g o f p a n e l s o r fr a m e s s h a l l
be con sist en t wit h t h e loa ds im posed.
(3) S c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e p r o p e r l y b r a c e d
by cr oss br a cin g or dia gon a l br a ces, or
b o t h , fo r s e c u r i n g v e r t i c a l m e m b e r s t o -
get h er la t er a lly , a n d t h e cr oss br a ces
sh a ll be of su ch len gt h a s will a u t o-
m a t ica lly squ a r e a n d a lin e ver t ica l
m e m b e r s s o t h a t t h e e r e c t e d s c a ffo l d i s
a lwa y s plu m b, squ a r e, a n d r igid. All
br a ce con n ect ion s sh a ll be m a de se-
cu r e.
(4) S c a ffo l d l e g s s h a l l b e s e t o n a d -
ju st a ble ba ses or pla in ba ses pla ced on
m u d s i l l s o r o t h e r fo u n d a t i o n s a d e -
qu a t e t o su ppor t t h e m a xim u m in -
t en ded loa d.
(5) T h e fr a m e s s h a l l b e p l a c e d o n e o n
t op of t h e ot h er wit h cou plin g or st a ck -
in g pin s t o pr ovide pr oper ver t ica l
a lin em en t of t h e legs.
(6) Wh e r e u p l i ft m a y o c c u r , p a n e l s
sh a ll be lock ed t oget h er ver t ica lly by
pin s or ot h er equ iva len t su it a ble
m ea n s.
(7) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 × 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- × 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(8) A l l t u b u l a r m e t a l s c a ffo l d s s h a l l
be con st r u ct ed a n d er ect ed t o su ppor t
fo u r t i m e s t h e m a x i m u m i n t e n d e d
loa ds.
(9) T o p r e v e n t m o v e m e n t , t h e s c a f-
fo l d s h a l l b e s e c u r e d t o t h e b u i l d i n g o r
s t r u c t u r e a t i n t e r v a l s n o t t o e x c e e d 30
fe e t h o r i zo n t a l l y a n d 26 fe e t v e r t i c a l l y .
(10) M a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e s p a n s o f
p l a n k i n g s h a l l b e i n c o n fo r m i t y w i t h
p a r a g r a p h (a )(9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(11) D r a w i n g s a n d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r
a l l fr a m e s c a ffo l d s o v e r 125 fe e t i n
h eigh t a bove t h e ba se pla t es sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d b y a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l
en gin eer a n d copies m a de a va ila ble t o
t h e e m p l o y e r a n d fo r i n s p e c t i o n p u r -
poses.
(12) A l l t u b u l a r w e l d e d fr a m e s c a f-
fo l d s s h a l l b e e r e c t e d b y c o m p e t e n t a n d
exper ien ced per son n el.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.28
(13) F r a m e s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s fo r s c a f-
fo l d s s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d i n g o o d r e -
p a i r a n d e v e r y d e fe c t , u n s a fe c o n d i t i o n ,
or n on com plia n ce wit h t h is sect ion
s h a l l b e i m m e d i a t e l y c o r r e c t e d b e fo r e
fu r t h e r u s e o f t h e s c a ffo l d . A n y b r o k e n ,
ben t , excessively r u st ed, a lt er ed, or
o t h e r w i s e s t r u c t u r a l l y d a m a g e d fr a m e s
or a ccessor ies sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(14) P e r i o d i c i n s p e c t i o n s s h a l l b e
m a d e o f a l l w e l d e d fr a m e s a n d a c c e s -
sor ies, a n d a n y m a in t en a n ce, in clu din g
pa in t in g, or m in or cor r ect ion s a u t h or -
i ze d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r , s h a l l b e
m a d e b e fo r e fu r t h e r u s e .
(e ) O u t rigger sca f f old s. (1) Ou t r i g g e r
bea m s sh a ll ext en d n ot m or e t h a n 6
fe e t b e y o n d t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g .
T h e in boa r d en d of ou t r igger bea m s,
m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e fu l c r u m p o i n t t o
t h e ext r em e poin t of su ppor t , sh a ll be
n o t l e s s t h a n o n e a n d o n e -h a l f t i m e s
t h e ou t boa r d en d in len gt h . T h e bea m s
sh a ll r est on edge, t h e sides sh a ll be
plu m b, a n d t h e edges sh a ll be h or i-
zo n t a l . T h e fu l c r u m p o i n t o f t h e b e a m
sh a ll r est on a secu r e bea r in g a t lea st
6 i n c h e s i n e a c h h o r i zo n t a l d i m e n s i o n .
T h e bea m sh a ll be secu r ed in pla ce
a ga in st m ovem en t a n d sh a ll be se-
c u r e l y b r a c e d a t t h e fu l c r u m p o i n t
a ga in st t ippin g.
(2) T h e i n b o a r d e n d s o f o u t r i g g e r
bea m s sh a ll be secu r ely su ppor t ed ei-
t h er by m ea n s of st r u t s bea r in g a ga in st
sills in con t a ct wit h t h e over h ea d
bea m s or ceilin g, or by m ea n s of t en -
s i o n m e m b e r s s e c u r e d t o t h e fl o o r
j o i s t s u n d e r fo o t , o r b y b o t h i f n e c -
essa r y . T h e in boa r d en ds of ou t r igger
bea m s sh a ll be secu r ed a ga in st t ippin g
a n d t h e en t ir e su ppor t in g st r u ct u r e
sh a ll be secu r ely br a ced in bot h dir ec-
t i o n s t o p r e v e n t a n y h o r i zo n t a l m o v e -
m en t .
(3) U n l e s s o u t r i g g e r s c a ffo l d s a r e d e -
s i g n e d b y a l i c e n s e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i -
n eer , t h ey sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a n d
e r e c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t a b l e D –16.
Ou t r i g g e r s c a ffo l d s d e s i g n e d b y a r e g -
i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r s h a l l b e
con st r u ct ed a n d er ect ed in a ccor da n ce
wit h su ch design . A copy of t h e de-
t a i l e d d r a w i n g s a n d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
s h o w i n g t h e s i ze s a n d s p a c i n g o f m e m -
ber s sh a ll be k ept on t h e job.
(4) P l a n k i n g s h a l l b e l a i d t i g h t a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll ext en d t o wit h in 3 in ch es of t h e
136
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00146 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
bu ildin g wa ll. P la n k in g sh a ll be n a iled
or bolt ed t o ou t r igger s.
(5) Wh e r e t h e r e i s d a n g e r o f m a t e r i a l
fa l l i n g fr o m t h e s c a ffo l d , a w i r e m e s h
or ot h er en closu r e sh a ll be pr ovided be-
t ween t h e gu a r dr a il a n d t h e t oeboa r d.
(6) Wh e r e a d d i t i o n a l w o r k i n g l e v e l s
a r e r equ ir ed t o be su ppor t ed by t h e
ou t r igger m et h od, t h e pla n s a n d speci-
fi c a t i o n s o f t h e o u t r i g g e r a n d s c a f-
fo l d i n g s t r u c t u r e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d b y a
r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r .
(f) M a son s’ a d ju st a ble m u lt ip le-p oin t
su sp en sion sca f f old s. (1) T h e s c a ffo l d
sh a ll be ca pa ble of su st a in in g a wor k -
i n g l o a d o f 50 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t
a n d sh a ll n ot be loa ded in excess of
t h a t fi g u r e .
(2) T h e s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h h oist in g m a ch in es t h a t m eet t h e
r equ ir em en t s of a n a t ion a lly r ecog-
n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o
§ 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c -
o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
TABLE D–16—MINIMUM NOMINAL SIZE AND
MAXIMUM SPACING OF MEMBERS OF OUT-
RIGGER SCAFFOLDS
Medium
Light duty
duty
Maximum scaffold load ............... 25 p.s.f. ..... 50 p.s.f.
Outrigger size ............................. 2×10 in ...... 3×10 in.
Maximum outrigger spacing ....... 10 ft 0 in .... 6 ft 0 in.
Planking ...................................... 2×9 in ........ 2×9 in.
Guardrail ..................................... 2×4 in ........ 2×4 in.
Guardrail uprights ....................... 2×4 in ........ 2×4 in.
Toeboards (minimum) ................ 4 in ............ 4 in.
(3) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d
b y w i r e r o p e s i n c o n fo r m i t y w i t h p a r a -
g r a p h (a )(22) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s u s p e n d e d
fr o m o v e r h e a d o u t r i g g e r b e a m s .
(4) T h e s c a ffo l d o u t r i g g e r b e a m s s h a l l
con sist of st r u ct u r a l m et a l secu r ely
fa s t e n e d o r a n c h o r e d t o t h e fr a m e o r
fl o o r s y s t e m o f t h e b u i l d i n g o r s t r u c -
t u r e.
(5) E a c h o u t r i g g e r b e a m s h a l l b e
equ iva len t in st r en gt h t o a t lea st a
s t a n d a r d 7-i n c h , 15.3-p o u n d s t e e l I -
b e a m , b e a t l e a s t 15 fe e t l o n g , a n d s h a l l
n o t p r o j e c t m o r e t h a n 6 fe e t 6 i n c h e s
bey on d t h e bea r in g poin t .
(6) Wh e r e t h e o v e r h a n g e x c e e d s 6 fe e t
6 in ch es, ou t r igger bea m s sh a ll be com -
posed of st r on ger bea m s or m u lt iple
bea m s a n d be in st a lled in a ccor da n ce
wit h a ppr oved design s a n d in st r u c-
t ion s.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(7) I f c h a n n e l i r o n o u t r i g g e r b e a m s
a r e u s e d i n p l a c e o f I -b e a m s , t h e y s h a l l
b e s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e
fl a n g e s t u r n e d o u t .
(8) A l l o u t r i g g e r b e a m s s h a l l b e s e t
a n d m a in t a in ed wit h t h eir webs in t o
ver t ica l posit ion .
(9) A s t o p b o l t s h a l l b e p l a c e d a t e a c h
en d of ever y ou t r igger bea m .
(10) T h e o u t r i g g e r b e a m s h a l l r e s t o n
s u i t a b l e w o o d -b e a r i n g b l o c k s .
(11) A l l p a r t s o f t h e s c a ffo l d s u c h a s
b o l t s , n u t s , fi t t i n g s , c l a m p s , w i r e r o p e ,
a n d o u t r i g g e r b e a m s a n d t h e i r fa s -
t en in gs, sh a ll be m a in t a in ed in sou n d
a n d good wor k in g con dit ion a n d sh a ll
b e i n s p e c t e d b e fo r e e a c h i n s t a l l a t i o n
a n d p e r i o d i c a l l y t h e r e a ft e r .
(12) T h e fr e e e n d o f t h e s u s p e n s i o n
wir e r opes sh a ll be equ ipped wit h pr op-
e r s i ze t h i m b l e s a n d b e s e c u r e d b y
splicin g or ot h er equ iva len t m ea n s.
T h e r u n n in g en ds sh a ll be secu r ely a t -
t a ch ed t o t h e h oist in g dr u m a n d a t
l e a s t fo u r t u r n s o f r o p e s h a l l a t a l l
t im es r em a in on t h e dr u m .
(13) Wh e r e a s i n g l e o u t r i g g e r b e a m i s
u sed, t h e st eel sh a ck les or clevises
wit h wh ich t h e wir e r opes a r e a t t a ch ed
t o t h e ou t r igger bea m s sh a ll be pla ced
dir ect ly over t h e h oist in g dr u m s.
(14) T h e s c a ffo l d p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
e q u i v a l e n t i n s t r e n g t h t o a t l e a s t 2-
i n c h p l a n k i n g . (F o r m a x i m u m p l a n k i n g
s p a n s s e e p a r a g r a p h (a )(9) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n .)
(15) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 × 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1 × 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(16) Ov e r h e a d p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d o n t h e s c a ffo l d , n o t m o r e t h a n 9
fe e t a b o v e t h e p l a t fo r m , c o n s i s t i n g o f
2-i n c h p l a n k i n g o r m a t e r i a l o f e q u i v a -
len t st r en gt h la id t igh t , wh en m en a r e
a t w o r k o n t h e s c a ffo l d a n d a n o v e r -
h e a d h a za r d e x i s t s .
(17) E a c h s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d
or r eloca t ed in a ccor da n ce wit h design s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s , o f a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s -
137
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00147 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.28
sion a l en gin eer , a n d su per vised by a
com pet en t , design a t ed per son .
(g ) T w o-p oin t su sp en sion sca f f old s
(sw in gin g sca f f old s). (1) T w o -p o i n t s u s -
p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e n o t
l e s s t h a n 20 i n c h e s n o m o r e t h a n 36
i n c h e s w i d e o v e r a l l . T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l
b e s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d t o t h e h a n g e r s b y
U -b o l t s o r b y o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t m e a n s .
(2) T h e h a n g e r s o f t w o -p o i n t s u s p e n -
s i o n s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e m a d e o f w r o u g h t
ir on , m ild st eel, or ot h er equ iva len t
m a t e r i a l h a v i n g a c r o s s -s e c t i o n a l a r e a
c a p a b l e o f s u s t a i n i n g fo u r t i m e s t h e
m a xim u m in t en ded loa d, a n d sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d w i t h a s u p p o r t fo r g u a r d r a i l ,
in t er m edia t e r a il, a n d t oeboa r d.
(3) Wh e n h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s a r e u s e d
o n t w o -p o i n t s u s p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d s , s u c h
m a ch in es sh a ll be of a design t est ed
a n d a ppr oved by a n a t ion a lly r ecog-
n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o
§ 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c -
o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(4) T h e r o o f i r o n s o r h o o k s s h a l l b e o f
wr ou gh t ir on , m ild st eel, or ot h er
e q u i v a l e n t m a t e r i a l o f p r o p e r s i ze a n d
design , secu r ely in st a lled a n d a n -
c h o r e d . T i e -b a c k s o f t h r e e -fo u r t h i n c h
m a n ila r ope or t h e equ iva len t sh a ll
ser ve a s a secon da r y m ea n s of a n ch or -
a ge, in st a lled a t r igh t a n gles t o t h e
fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e
a n d secu r ed t o a st r u ct u r a lly sou n d
por t ion of t h e bu ildin g.
(5) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 × 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- × 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(6) T w o -p o i n t s u s p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d s
s h a l l b e s u s p e n d e d b y w i r e o r fi b e r
r o p e s . Wi r e a n d fi b e r r o p e s s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o p a r a g r a p h (a )(22) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(7) T h e b l o c k s fo r fi b e r r o p e s s h a l l b e
o f s t a n d a r d 6-i n c h s i ze , c o n s i s t i n g o f a t
lea st on e dou ble a n d on e sin gle block .
T h e s h e a v e s o f a l l b l o c k s s h a l l fi t t h e
s i ze o f r o p e u s e d .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.28 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(8) A l l w i r e r o p e s , fi b e r r o p e s , s l i n g s , eigh t h in ch . T h e st r in ger s sh a ll be t ied

h a n g e r s , p l a t fo r m s , a n d o t h e r s u p -
p o r t i n g p a r t s s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d b e fo r e
ever y in st a lla t ion . P er iodic in spect ion s
s h a l l b e m a d e w h i l e t h e s c a ffo l d i s i n
u se.
(9) On s u s p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d s d e s i g n e d
fo r a w o r k i n g l o a d o f 500 p o u n d s n o
m or e t h a n t wo m en sh a ll be per m it t ed
t o w o r k a t o n e t i m e . On s u s p e n s i o n
s c a ffo l d s w i t h a w o r k i n g l o a d o f 750
pou n ds, n o m or e t h a n t h r ee m en sh a ll
be per m it t ed t o wor k a t on e t im e. E a ch
w o r k m a n s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y a s a fe t y
l i fe b e l t a t t a c h e d t o a l i fe l i n e . T h e l i fe -
lin e sh a ll be secu r ely a t t a ch ed t o su b-
s t a n t i a l m e m b e r s o f t h e s t r u c t u r e (n o t
s c a ffo l d ), o r t o s e c u r e l y r i g g e d l i n e s ,
w h i c h w i l l s a fe l y s u s p e n d t h e w o r k m a n
i n c a s e o f a fa l l .
(10) Wh e r e a c i d s o l u t i o n s a r e u s e d ,
fi b e r r o p e s a r e n o t p e r m i t t e d u n l e s s
a c i d -p r o o f.
(11) T w o -p o i n t s u s p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d s
sh a ll be secu r ely la sh ed t o t h e bu ildin g
o r s t r u c t u r e t o p r e v e n t t h e m fr o m
s w a y i n g . Wi n d o w c l e a n e r s ’ a n c h o r s
s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r t h i s p u r p o s e .
(12) T h e p l a t fo r m o f e v e r y t w o -p o i n t
s u s p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e o n e o f t h e
fo l l o w i n g t y p e s :
(i ) T h e s i d e s t r i n g e r o f l a d d e r -t y p e
p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e c l e a r s t r a i g h t -
gr a in ed spr u ce or m a t er ia ls of equ iva -
len t st r en gt h a n d du r a bilit y . T h e r u n gs
s h a l l b e o f s t r a i g h t -g r a i n e d o a k , a s h , o r
h i c k o r y , a t l e a s t 11⁄8 i n c h i n d i a m e t e r ,
w i t h s e v e n -e i g h t h i n c h t e n o n s m o r t i s e d
in t o t h e side st r in ger s a t lea st seven -
TABLE D–17—SCHEDULE FOR LADDER-TYPE PLATFORMS
t oget h er wit h t h e t ie r ods n ot less t h a n
o n e -q u a r t e r i n c h i n d i a m e t e r , p a s s i n g
t h r ou gh t h e st r in ger s a n d r ivet ed u p
t igh t a ga in st wa sh er s on bot h en ds.
T h e fl o o r i n g s t r i p s s h a l l b e s p a c e d n o t
m o r e t h a n fi v e -e i g h t h i n c h a p a r t e x -
cept a t t h e side r a ils wh er e t h e spa ce
m a y b e 1 i n c h . L a d d e r -t y p e p l a t fo r m s
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
t a b l e D –17.
(i i ) P l a n k -t y p e p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e
c o m p o s e d o f n o t l e s s t h a n n o m i n a l 2×8-
in ch u n spliced pla n k s, pr oper ly clea t ed
t oget h er on t h e u n der side st a r t in g 6
i n c h e s fr o m e a c h e n d ; i n t e r v a l s i n b e -
t w e e n s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 4 fe e t . T h e
p l a n k -t y p e p l a t fo r m s h a l l n o t e x t e n d
b e y o n d t h e h a n g e r s m o r e t h a n 18
i n c h e s . A b a r o r o t h e r e ffe c t i v e m e a n s
s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d t o t h e p l a t -
fo r m a t e a c h e n d t o p r e v e n t i t s s l i p p i n g
o ff t h e h a n g e r . T h e s p a n b e t w e e n h a n g -
e r s fo r p l a n k -t y p e p l a t fo r m s s h a l l n o t
e x c e e d 10 fe e t .
(i i i ) B e a m p l a t fo r m s s h a l l h a v e s i d e
s t r i n g e r s o f l u m b e r n o t l e s s t h a n 2×6
in ch es set on edge. T h e spa n bet ween
h a n g e r s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 12 fe e t w h e n
b e a m p l a t fo r m s a r e u s e d . T h e fl o o r i n g
s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d o n 2- a n d 6-i n c h
c r o s s b e a m s , l a i d fl a t a n d s e t i n t o t h e
u pper edge of t h e st r in ger s wit h a sn u g
fi t , a t i n t e r v a l s o f n o t m o r e t h a n 4 fe e t ,
s e c u r e l y n a i l e d i n p l a c e . T h e fl o o r i n g
s h a l l b e o f 1×6i n c h m a t e r i a l p r o p e r l y
n a iled. F loor boa r ds sh a ll n ot be spa ced
m o r e t h a n o n e -h a l f i n c h a p a r t .
Length of platform (feet)

12 14 & 16 18 & 20 22 & 24 28 & 30

Side stringers, minimum cross section (finished sizes):

At ends (in.) ...................................................................... 13⁄4×23⁄4 13⁄4×23⁄4 13⁄4×3 13⁄4×3 13⁄4×31⁄2
At middle (in.) ................................................................... 13⁄4×33⁄4 13⁄4×33⁄4 13⁄4×4 13⁄4×41⁄4 13⁄4×5
Reinforcing strip (minimum) 1 ................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Rungs 2 ..................................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Tie rods:
Number (minimum) ........................................................... 3 4 4 5 6
Diameter (minimum) ......................................................... 1⁄4 in 1⁄4 in 1⁄4 in 14⁄ in 1⁄4 in.

Flooring, minimum finished size (in.) ....................................... 12⁄ ×23⁄4 12⁄ ×23⁄4 12⁄ ×23⁄4 ⁄× ⁄
12 34 12⁄ ×23⁄4
1 A 1⁄8x7⁄8-in. steel reinforcing strip or its equivalent shall be attached to the side or underside full length.
2 Rungs shall be 11⁄8-in. minimum, diameter with at least 7⁄8-in. diameter tenons, and the maximum spacing shall be 12 in. cen-
ter to center.

(h ) S t on e set t ers’ a d ju st a ble m u lt ip le- w o r k i n g l o a d o f 25 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e

p oin t su sp en sion sca f f old s. (1) T h e s c a f-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

fo l d s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f s u s t a i n i n g a

138

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00148 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fo o t a n d s h a l l n o t b e o v e r l o a d e d . S c a f-
fo l d s s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r s t o r a g e o f
st on e or ot h er h ea vy m a t er ia ls.
(2) T h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e a n d i t s s u p -
por t s sh a ll be of a t y pe t est ed a n d list -
e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g
l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o § 1910.399(a )(77) fo r
d e fi n i t i o n o f l i s t e d , a n d § 1910.7 fo r n a -
t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(3) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y fa s -
t e n e d t o t h e h a n g e r s b y U -b o l t s o r
ot h er equ iva len t m ea n s.
(4) T h e s c a ffo l d u n i t s h a l l b e s u s -
p e n d e d fr o m m e t a l o u t r i g g e r s , i r o n
br a ck et s, wir e r ope slin gs, or ir on
h o o k s w h i c h w i l l s a fe l y s u p p o r t t h e
m a xim u m in t en ded loa d.
(5) Ou t r i g g e r s w h e n u s e d s h a l l b e s e t
wit h t h eir webs in a ver t ica l posit ion ,
secu r ely a n ch or ed t o t h e bu ildin g or
st r u ct u r e a n d pr ovided wit h st op bolt s
a t ea ch en d.
(6) T h e s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d b y
w i r e r o p e c o n fo r m i n g w i t h p a r a g r a p h
(a )(22) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s u s p e n d e d fr o m
over h ea d su ppor t s.
(7) T h e fr e e e n d s o f t h e s u s p e n s i o n
wir e r opes sh a ll be equ ipped wit h pr op-
e r s i ze t h i m b l e s , s e c u r e d b y s p l i c i n g o r
ot h er equ iva len t m ea n s. T h e r u n n in g
en ds sh a ll be secu r ely a t t a ch ed t o t h e
h o i s t i n g d r u m a n d a t l e a s t fo u r t u r n s
of r ope sh a ll r em a in on t h e dr u m a t a ll
t im es.
(8) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 b y 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- b y 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(9) Wh e n t w o o r m o r e s c a ffo l d s a r e
u sed on a bu ildin g or st r u ct u r e t h ey
sh a ll n ot be br idged on e t o t h e ot h er
bu t sh a ll be m a in t a in ed a t even h eigh t
w i t h p l a t fo r m s b u t t i n g c l o s e l y .
(10) E a c h s c a ffo l d s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d
or r eloca t ed in a ccor da n ce wit h design s
a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s o f a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s -
sion a l en gin eer , a n d su ch in st a lla t ion
or r eloca t ion sh a ll be su per vised by a
com pet en t design a t ed per son .
(i ) S in gle-p oin t a d ju st a ble su sp en sion
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sca f f old s. (1) T h e s c a ffo l d i n g , i n c l u d i n g
139
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00149 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.28
power u n it s or m a n u a lly oper a t ed
win ch es, sh a ll be a t y pe t est ed a n d list -
e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g
l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o § 1910.399(a )(77) fo r
d e fi n i t i o n o f l i s t e d , a n d § 1910.7 fo r n a -
t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(3) A l l p o w e r -o p e r a t e d g e a r s a n d
br a k es sh a ll be en closed.
(4) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e n o r m a l o p e r -
a t i n g b r a k e , a l l -p o w e r d r i v e n u n i t s
m u st h a ve a n em er gen cy br a k e wh ich
en ga ges a u t om a t ica lly wh en t h e n or -
m a l speed of descen t is exceeded.
(5) G u a r d s , m i d -r a i l s , a n d t o e b o a r d s
sh a ll com plet ely en close t h e ca ge or
ba sk et . Gu a r dr a ils sh a ll be n o less t h a n
2 by 4 in ch es or t h e equ iva len t in -
s t a l l e d n o l e s s t h a n 36 i n c h e s n o r m o r e
t h a n 42 i n c h e s a b o v e t h e p l a t fo r m . M i d -
r a ils sh a ll be 1 by 6 in ch es or t h e equ iv-
a len t , in st a lled equ idist a n t bet ween
t he gu a r dr a il and t he p l a t fo r m .
T oeboa r ds sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4
in ch es in h eigh t .
(6) T h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s , c a b l e s ,
a n d equ ipm en t sh a ll be r egu la r ly ser v-
i c e d a n d i n s p e c t e d a ft e r e a c h i n s t a l l a -
t i o n a n d e v e r y 30 d a y s t h e r e a ft e r .
(7) T h e u n i t s m a y b e c o m b i n e d t o
fo r m a t w o -p o i n t s u s p e n s i o n s c a ffo l d .
S u c h s c a ffo l d s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a -
g r a p h (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(8) T h e s u p p o r t i n g c a b l e s h a l l b e
s t r a i g h t fo r i t s e n t i r e l e n g t h , a n d t h e
oper a t or sh a ll n ot swa y t h e ba sk et a n d
fi x t h e c a b l e t o a n y i n t e r m e d i a t e
poin t s t o ch a n ge h is or igin a l pa t h of
t r a vel.
(9) E q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d
a n d u sed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e m a n u -
fa c t u r e r s ’ i n s t r u c t i o n s .
(10) S u s p e n s i o n m e t h o d s s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o a p p l i c a b l e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a -
g r a p h s (f) a n d (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(j ) B oa t sw a in ’s ch a irs. (1) T h e c h a i r
s e a t s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 12 b y 24
i n c h e s , a n d o f 1-i n c h t h i c k n e s s . T h e
s e a t s h a l l b e r e i n fo r c e d o n t h e u n d e r -
s i d e t o p r e v e n t t h e b o a r d fr o m s p l i t -
t in g.
(2) T h e t w o fi b e r r o p e s e a t s l i n g s
s h a l l b e o f 5⁄8-i n c h d i a m e t e r , r e e v e d
t h r o u g h t h e fo u r s e a t h o l e s s o a s t o
cr oss ea ch ot h er on t h e u n der side of
t h e sea t .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.28
(3) S e a t s l i n g s s h a l l b e o f a t l e a s t 3⁄8-
in ch wir e r ope wh en a wor k m a n is con -
du ct in g a h ea t pr odu cin g pr ocess su ch
a s ga s or a r c weldin g.
(4) T h e w o r k m a n s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d
b y a s a fe t y l i fe b e l t a t t a c h e d t o a l i fe -
l i n e . T h e l i fe l i n e s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y a t -
t a ch ed t o su bst a n t ia l m em ber s of t h e
s t r u c t u r e (n o t s c a ffo l d ), o r t o s e c u r e l y
r i g g e d l i n e s , w h i c h w i l l s a fe l y s u s p e n d
t h e w o r k e r i n c a s e o f a fa l l .
(5) T h e t a c k l e s h a l l c o n s i s t o f c o r r e c t
s i ze b a l l b e a r i n g o r b u s h e d b l o c k s a n d
p r o p e r l y s p l i c e d 5⁄8-i n c h d i a m e t e r fi r s t -
gr a de m a n ila r ope.
(6) T h e r o o f i r o n s , h o o k s , o r t h e o b -
ject t o wh ich t h e t a ck le is a n ch or ed
sh a ll be secu r ely in st a lled. T ieba ck s
wh en u sed sh a ll be in st a lled a t r igh t
a n g l e s t o t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g a n d
s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d t o a c h i m n e y .
(k ) Ca rp en t ers’ bra ck et sca f f old s. (1)
T h e br a ck et s sh a ll con sist of a t r i-
a n g u l a r w o o d fr a m e n o t l e s s t h a n 2 b y
3 in ch es in cr oss sect ion , or of m et a l of
equ iva len t st r en gt h . E a ch m em ber
s h a l l b e p r o p e r l y fi t t e d a n d s e c u r e l y
join ed.
(2) E a c h b r a c k e t s h a l l b e a t t a c h e d t o
t h e st r u ct u r e by m ea n s of on e of t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) A b o l t n o l e s s t h a n fi v e -e i g h t h s
in ch in dia m et er wh ich sh a ll ext en d
t h r ou gh t h e in side of t h e bu ildin g wa ll.
(i i ) A m e t a l s t u d a t t a c h m e n t d e v i c e .
(i i i ) We l d i n g t o s t e e l t a n k s .
(i v ) H o o k i n g o v e r a w e l l -s e c u r e d a n d
a dequ a t ely st r on g su ppor t in g m em ber .
T h e br a ck et s sh a ll be spa ced n o m or e
t h a n 10 fe e t a p a r t .
(3) N o m o r e t h a n t w o p e r s o n s s h a l l
o c c u p y a n y g i v e n 10 fe e t o f a b r a c k e t
s c a ffo l d a t a n y o n e t i m e . T o o l s a n d m a -
t e r i a l s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 75 p o u n d s i n a d -
dit ion t o t h e occu pa n cy .
(4) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l c o n s i s t o f n o t
l e s s t h a n t w o 2- b y 9-i n c h n o m i n a l s i ze
p l a n k s e x t e n d i n g n o t m o r e t h a n 18
in ch es or less t h a n 6 in ch es bey on d
ea ch en d su ppor t .
(5) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 b y 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- b y 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
140
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(l ) B rick la y ers’ squ a re sca f f old s. (1) T h e
s q u a r e s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 5 fe e t i n w i d t h
a n d 5 fe e t i n h e i g h t .
(2) M e m b e r s s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n
t h o s e s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e D –18.
(3) T h e s q u a r e s s h a l l b e r e i n fo r c e d o n
b o t h s i d e s o f e a c h c o r n e r w i t h 1- b y 6-
in ch gu sset pieces. T h ey sh a ll a lso h a ve
br a ces 1 by 8 in ch es on bot h sides r u n -
n i n g fr o m c e n t e r t o c e n t e r o f e a c h
m em ber , or ot h er m ea n s t o secu r e
equ iva len t st r en gt h a n d r igidit y .
(4) T h e s q u a r e s s h a l l b e s e t n o t m o r e
t h a n 5 fe e t a p a r t fo r m e d i u m d u t y s c a f-
fo l d s , a n d n o t m o r e t h a n 8 fe e t a p a r t
fo r l i g h t d u t y s c a ffo l d s . B r a c i n g 1×8
i n c h e s , e x t e n d i n g fr o m t h e b o t t o m o f
ea ch squ a r e t o t h e t op of t h e n ext
s q u a r e , s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d o n b o t h fr o n t
a n d r e a r s i d e s o f t h e s c a ffo l d .
TABLE D–18—MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR
BRICKLAYERS’ SQUARE SCAFFOLD MEMBERS
Members Dimensions
(inches)
Bearers or horizontal members ....................... 2 by 6.
Legs ................................................................. 2 by 6.
Braces at corners ............................................. 1 by 6.
Braces diagonally from center frame ............... 1 by 8.
(5) P l a t fo r m p l a n k s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t
2- b y 9-i n c h n o m i n a l s i ze . T h e e n d s o f
t h e pla n k s sh a ll over la p t h e bea r er s of
t h e squ a r es a n d ea ch pla n k sh a ll be
su ppor t ed by n ot less t h a n t h r ee
squ a r es.
(6) B r i c k l a y e r s ’ s q u a r e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l
n ot exceed t h r ee t ier s in h eigh t a n d
sh a ll be so con st r u ct ed a n d a r r a n ged
t h a t on e squ a r e sh a ll r est dir ect ly
a bove t h e ot h er . T h e u pper t ier s sh a ll
st a n d on a con t in u ou s r ow of pla n k s
la id a cr oss t h e n ext lower t ier a n d be
n a iled down or ot h er wise secu r ed t o
pr even t displa cem en t .
(7) S c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e l e v e l a n d s e t
u p o n a fi r m fo u n d a t i o n .
(m ) H orse sca f f old s. (1) H o r s e s c a ffo l d s
sh a ll n ot be con st r u ct ed or a r r a n ged
m o r e t h a n t w o t i e r s o r 10 fe e t i n
h eigh t .
(2) T h e m e m b e r s o f t h e h o r s e s s h a l l
b e n o t l e s s t h a n t h o s e s p e c i fi e d i n
T a b l e D –19.
(3) H o r s e s s h a l l b e s p a c e d n o t m o r e
t h a n 5 fe e t fo r m e d i u m d u t y a n d n o t
m o r e t h a n 8 fe e t fo r l i g h t d u t y .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(4) Wh e n a r r a n g e d i n t i e r s , e a c h h o r s e
sh a ll be pla ced dir ect ly over t h e h or se
in t h e t ier below.
(5) On a l l s c a ffo l d s a r r a n g e d i n t i e r s ,
t h e legs sh a ll be n a iled down t o t h e
pla n k s t o pr even t displa cem en t or
t h r u st a n d ea ch t ier sh a ll be su bst a n -
t ia lly cr oss br a ced.
TABLE D–19—MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR
HORSE SCAFFOLD MEMBERS
Members
Horizontal members or bearers .......................
Legs .................................................................
Longitudinal brace between legs .....................
Gusset brace at top of legs .............................
Half diagonal braces ........................................
(6) H o r s e s o r p a r t s w h i c h h a v e b e -
c o m e w e a k o r d e fe c t i v e s h a l l n o t b e
u sed.
(7) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 b y 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- b y 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(n ) N eed le bea m sca f f old . (1) Wo o d n e e -
dle bea m s sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h
p a r a g r a p h (a ) (5) a n d (9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
a n d sh a ll be n ot less t h a n 4 by 6 in ch es
i n s i ze , w i t h t h e g r e a t e r d i m e n s i o n
pla ced in a ver t ica l dir ect ion . Met a l
b e a m s o r t h e e q u i v a l e n t c o n fo r m i n g t o
p a r a g r a p h (a ) (4) a n d (8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
m a y be u sed.
(2) R o p e s o r h a n g e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
fo r s u p p o r t s . T h e s p a n b e t w e e n s u p -
por t s on t h e n eedle bea m sh a ll n ot ex-
c e e d 10 fe e t fo r 4- b y 6-i n c h t i m b e r s .
R ope su ppor t s sh a ll be equ iva len t in
s t r e n g t h t o 1-i n c h d i a m e t e r fi r s t -g r a d e
m a n ila r ope.
(3) T h e r o p e s s h a l l b e a t t a c h e d t o t h e
n e e d l e b e a m s b y a s c a ffo l d h i t c h o r a
pr oper ly m a de ey e splice. T h e loose en d
of t h e r ope sh a ll be t ied by a bowlin e
k n o t o r b y a r o u n d t u r n a n d o n e -h a l f
h it ch .
(4) T h e p l a t fo r m s p a n b e t w e e n t h e
n e e d l e b e a m s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 8 fe e t
w h e n u s i n g 2-i n c h s c a ffo l d p l a n k . F o r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s p a n s g r e a t e r t h a n 8 fe e t , p l a t fo r m s
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00151
§ 1910.28
sh a ll be design ed ba sed on design r e-
q u i r e m e n t s fo r t h e s p e c i a l s p a n . T h e
o v e r h a n g o f e a c h e n d o f t h e p l a t fo r m
p l a n k s s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 1 fo o t a n d
n o t m o r e t h a n 18 i n c h e s .
(5) Wh e n o n e n e e d l e b e a m i s h i g h e r
t h a n t h e o t h e r o r w h e n t h e p l a t fo r m i s
n o t l e v e l t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e s e c u r e d
a ga in st slippin g.
(6) A l l u n a t t a c h e d t o o l s , b o l t s , a n d
n u t s u s e d o n n e e d l e b e a m s c a ffo l d s
Dimensions sh a ll be k ept in su it a ble con t a in er s.
(inches)
(7) On e e n d o f a n e e d l e b e a m s c a ffo l d
3 by 4. m a y be su ppor t ed by a per m a n en t
11⁄4 by 41⁄2. s t r u c t u r a l m e m b e r c o n fo r m i n g t o p a r a -
1 by 6.
1 by 8. g r a p h s (a ) (4) a n d (8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
11⁄4 by 41⁄2. (8) E a c h m a n w o r k i n g o n a n e e d l e
b e a m s c a ffo l d 20 fe e t o r m o r e a b o v e t h e
g r o u n d o r fl o o r a n d w o r k i n g w i t h b o t h
h a n d s , s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y a s a fe t y
l i fe b e l t a t t a c h e d t o a l i fe l i n e . T h e l i fe -
lin e sh a ll be secu r ely a t t a ch ed t o su b-
s t a n t i a l m e m b e r s o f t h e s t r u c t u r e (n o t
s c a ffo l d ), o r t o s e c u r e l y r i g g e d l i n e s ,
w h i c h w i l l s a fe l y s u s p e n d t h e w o r k m a n
i n c a s e o f a fa l l .
(o ) P la st erers’, d ecora t ors’, a n d la rge
a rea sca f f old s. (1) P l a s t e r e r s ’, d e c o r a -
t o r s ’, l a t h e r s ’, a n d c e i l i n g w o r k e r s ’ i n -
s i d e s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d i n
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e gen er a l r equ ir e-
m e n t s s e t fo r t h fo r i n d e p e n d e n t w o o d
p o l e s c a ffo l d s .
(2) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 b y 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- b y 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(3) A l l p l a t fo r m p l a n k s s h a l l b e l a i d
wit h t h e edges close t oget h er .
(4) Wh e n i n d e p e n d e n t p o l e s c a ffo l d
p l a t fo r m s a r e e r e c t e d i n s e c t i o n s , s u c h
sect ion s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h con -
n ect in g r u n wa y s equ ipped wit h su b-
st a n t ia l gu a r dr a ils.
(p ) I n t erior h u n g sca f f old s.
(1) [R e s e r v e d ]
(2) T h e s u s p e n d e d s t e e l w i r e r o p e
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o p a r a g r a p h (a )(22) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n . Wi r e m a y b e u s e d p r o -
vidin g t h e st r en gt h r equ ir em en t s of
141
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.28
p a r a g r a p h (a )(22) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a r e
m et .
(3) F o r h a n g i n g w o o d s c a ffo l d s , t h e
fo l l o w i n g m i n i m u m n o m i n a l s i ze m a t e -
r ia l is r ecom m en ded:
(i ) S u p p o r t i n g b e a r e r s 2 b y 9 i n c h e s
on edge.
(i i ) P l a n k i n g 2 b y 9 i n c h e s o r 2 b y 10
i n c h e s , w i t h m a x i m u m s p a n 7 fe e t fo r
h e a v y d u t y a n d 10 fe e t fo r l i g h t d u t y o r
m ediu m du t y .
(4) S t e e l t u b e a n d c o u p l e r m e m b e r s
m a y b e u s e d fo r h a n g i n g s c a ffo l d s w i t h
b o t h t y p e s o f s c a ffo l d d e s i g n e d t o s u s -
t a i n a u n i fo r m d i s t r i b u t e d w o r k i n g
l o a d u p t o h e a v y d u t y s c a ffo l d l o a d s
w i t h a s a fe t y fa c t o r o f fo u r .
(5) Wh e n a h a n g i n g s c a ffo l d i s s u p -
por t ed by m ea n s of wir e r ope, su ch wir e
r ope sh a ll be wr a pped a t lea st t wice
a r ou n d t h e su ppor t in g m em ber s a n d
t w i c e a r o u n d t h e b e a r e r s o f t h e s c a f-
fo l d , w i t h e a c h e n d o f t h e w i r e r o p e s e -
cu r ed by a t lea st t h r ee st a n da r d wir e-
r ope clips.
(6) A l l o v e r h e a d s u p p o r t i n g m e m b e r s
s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d a n d c h e c k e d fo r
s t r e n g t h b e fo r e t h e s c a ffo l d i s e r e c t e d .
(7) G u a r d r a i l s n o t l e s s t h a n 2 b y 4
in ch es or t h e equ iva len t a n d n ot less
t h a n 36 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s
h i g h , w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f
1- b y 4-i n c h l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , a n d
t oeboa r ds, sh a ll be in st a lled a t a ll open
s i d e s o n a l l s c a ffo l d s m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r . T o e b o a r d s
sh a ll be a m in im u m of 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t . Wi r e m e s h s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (a )(17) o f
t h is sect ion .
(q ) L a d d er-ja ck sca f f old s. (1) A l l l a d -
d e r -j a c k s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e l i m i t e d t o
ligh t du t y a n d sh a ll n ot exceed a
h e i g h t o f 20 fe e t a b o v e t h e fl o o r o r
gr ou n d.
(2) A l l l a d d e r s u s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n
w i t h l a d d e r -j a c k s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e
h e a v y -d u t y l a d d e r s a n d s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h § 1910.25 a n d § 1910.26.
(3) T h e l a d d e r j a c k s h a l l b e s o d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed t h a t it will bea r
on t h e side r a ils in a ddit ion t o t h e la d-
der r u n gs, or if bea r in g on r u n gs on ly ,
t h e b e a r i n g a r e a s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 10
in ch es on ea ch r u n g.
(4) L a d d e r s u s e d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
l a d d e r j a c k s s h a l l b e s o p l a c e d , fa s -
142
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00152 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t en ed, h eld, or equ ipped wit h devices so
a s t o pr even t slippin g.
(5) T h e w o o d p l a t fo r m p l a n k s s h a l l b e
n ot less t h a n 2 in ch es n om in a l in
t h ick n ess. Bot h m et a l a n d wood pla t -
fo r m p l a n k s s h a l l o v e r l a p t h e b e a r i n g
s u r fa c e n o t l e s s t h a n 12 i n c h e s . T h e
s p a n b e t w e e n s u p p o r t s fo r w o o d s h a l l
n o t e x c e e d 8 fe e t . P l a t fo r m w i d t h s h a l l
b e n o t l e s s t h a n 18 i n c h e s .
(6) N o t m o r e t h a n t w o p e r s o n s s h a l l
o c c u p y a n y g i v e n 8 fe e t o f a n y l a d d e r -
j a c k s c a ffo l d a t a n y o n e t i m e .
(r ) W in d ow -ja ck sca f f old s. (1) Wi n d o w -
j a c k s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e u s e d o n l y fo r t h e
pu r pose of wor k in g a t t h e win dow
open in g t h r ou gh wh ich t h e ja ck is
pla ced.
(2) Wi n d o w j a c k s s h a l l n o t b e u s e d t o
su ppor t pla n k s pla ced bet ween on e win -
d o w j a c k a n d a n o t h e r o r fo r o t h e r e l e -
m e n t s o f s c a ffo l d i n g .
(3) Wi n d o w -j a c k s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h su it a ble gu a r dr a ils u n -
l e s s s a fe t y b e l t s w i t h l i fe l i n e s a r e a t -
t a c h e d a n d p r o v i d e d fo r t h e w o r k m a n .
Wi n d o w -j a c k s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e u s e d b y
on e m a n on ly .
(s ) R oof in g bra ck et s. (1) R o o fi n g
b r a c k e t s s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d t o fi t t h e
p i t c h o f t h e r o o f.
(2) B r a c k e t s s h a l l b e s e c u r e d i n p l a c e
by n a ilin g in a ddit ion t o t h e poin t ed
m et a l pr oject ion s. T h e n a ils sh a ll be
d r i v e n fu l l l e n g t h i n t o t h e r o o f. Wh e n
r ope su ppor t s a r e u sed, t h ey sh a ll con -
s i s t o f fi r s t -g r a d e m a n i l a o f a t l e a s t
t h r e e -q u a r t e r -i n c h d i a m e t e r , o r e q u i v a -
len t .
(3) A s u b s t a n t i a l c a t c h p l a t fo r m s h a l l
be in st a lled below t h e wor k in g a r ea of
r o o fs m o r e t h a n 20 fe e t fr o m t h e
gr ou n d t o ea ves wit h a slope gr ea t er
t h a n 3 i n c h e s i n 12 i n c h e s w i t h o u t a
p a r a p e t . I n w i d t h t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l e x -
t e n d 2 fe e t b e y o n d t h e p r o j e c t i o n o f t h e
e a v e s a n d s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a s a fe -
t y r a i l , m i d -r a i l , a n d t o e b o a r d . T h i s
pr ovision sh a ll n ot a pply wh er e em -
ploy ees en ga ged in wor k u pon su ch
r o o fs a r e p r o t e c t e d b y a s a fe t y b e l t a t -
t a c h e d t o a l i fe l i n e .
(t ) Cra w lin g boa rd s or ch ick en la d d ers.
(1) Cr a w l i n g b o a r d s s h a l l b e n o t l e s s
t h a n 10 i n c h e s w i d e a n d 1 i n c h t h i c k ,
h a v i n g c l e a t s 1×11⁄2 i n c h e s . T h e c l e a t s
sh a ll be equ a l in len gt h t o t h e widt h of
t h e boa r d a n d spa ced a t equ a l in t er va ls
n o t t o e x c e e d 24 i n c h e s . N a i l s s h a l l b e
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
dr iven t h r ou gh a n d clin ch ed on t h e u n -
der side. T h e cr a wlin g boa r d sh a ll ex-
t e n d fr o m t h e r i d g e p o l e t o t h e e a v e s
wh en u sed in con n ect ion wit h r oof con -
st r u ct ion , r epa ir , or m a in t en a n ce.
(2) A fi r m l y fa s t e n e d l i fe l i n e o f a t
l e a s t t h r e e -q u a r t e r -i n c h r o p e s h a l l b e
s t r u n g b e s i d e e a c h c r a w l i n g b o a r d fo r a
h a n dh old.
(3) Cr a w l i n g b o a r d s s h a l l b e s e c u r e d
t o t h e r oof by m ea n s of a dequ a t e r idge
h o o k s o r e q u i v a l e n t e ffe c t i v e m e a n s .
(u ) F loa t or sh ip sca f f old s. (1) F l o a t o r
s h i p s c a ffo l d s s h a l l s u p p o r t n o t m o r e
t h a n t h r e e m e n a n d a fe w l i g h t t o o l s ,
s u c h a s t h o s e n e e d e d fo r r i v e t i n g , b o l t -
in g, a n d weldin g. T h ey sh a ll be con -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph s
(u ) (2) t h r o u g h (6) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , u n -
less su bst it u t e design s a n d m a t er ia ls
pr ovide equ iva len t st r en gt h , st a bilit y ,
a n d s a fe t y .
(2) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e n o t l e s s
t h a n 3 fe e t w i d e a n d 6 fe e t l o n g , m a d e
o f t h r e e -q u a r t e r -i n c h p l y w o o d , e q u i v a -
len t t o Am er ica n P ly wood Associa t ion
G r a d e B -B , G r o u p I , E x t e r i o r .
(3) U n d e r t h e p l a t fo r m , t h e r e s h a l l b e
t w o s u p p o r t i n g b e a r e r s m a d e fr o m 2×4-
i n c h , o r 1×10-i n c h r o u g h , s e l e c t e d l u m -
b e r , o r b e t t e r . T h e y s h a l l b e fr e e o f
k n o t s o r o t h e r fl a w s a n d p r o j e c t 6
i n c h e s b e y o n d t h e p l a t fo r m o n b o t h
s i d e s . T h e e n d s o f t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l
ext en d a bou t 6 in ch es bey on d t h e ou t er
edges of t h e bea r er s. E a ch bea r er sh a ll
b e s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d t o t h e p l a t fo r m .
(4) A n e d g i n g o f w o o d n o t l e s s t h a n
3⁄4×11⁄2 i n c h e s , o r e q u i v a l e n t , s h a l l b e
p l a c e d a r o u n d a l l s i d e s o f t h e p l a t fo r m
t o p r e v e n t t o o l s fr o m r o l l i n g o ff.
(5) S u p p o r t i n g r o p e s s h a l l b e 1-i n c h
dia m et er m a n ila r ope or equ iva len t ,
fr e e fr o m d e t e r i o r a t i o n , c h e m i c a l d a m -
a g e , fl a w s , o r o t h e r i m p e r fe c t i o n s .
R ope con n ect ion s sh a ll be su ch t h a t
t h e p l a t fo r m c a n n o t s h i ft o r s l i p . I f t w o
r o p e s a r e u s e d w i t h e a c h fl o a t , e a c h o f
t h e t wo su ppor t in g r opes sh a ll be
h it ch ed a r ou n d on e en d of a bea r er a n d
p a s s u n d e r t h e p l a t fo r m s t o t h e o t h e r
en d of t h e bea r er wh er e it is h it ch ed
a g a i n , l e a v i n g s u ffi c i e n t r o p e a t e a c h
e n d fo r t h e s u p p o r t i n g t i e s .
(6) E a c h w o r k m a n s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d
b y a s a fe t y l i fe b e l t a t t a c h e d t o a l i fe -
l i n e . T h e l i fe l i n e s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y a t -
t a ch ed t o su bst a n t ia l m em ber s of t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s t r u c t u r e (n o t s c a ffo l d ), o r t o s e c u r e l y
143
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00153 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.29
r i g g e d l i n e s , w h i c h w i l l s a fe l y s u s p e n d
t h e w o r k m a n i n c a s e o f a fa l l .
(v ) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n e s t a b l i s h e s
s a fe t y r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r t h e c o n s t r u c -
t ion , oper a t ion , m a in t en a n ce, a n d u se
o f s c a ffo l d s u s e d i n t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f
bu ildin gs a n d st r u ct u r es.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49746, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5321, F e b . 10,
1984; 53 F R 12121, A p r . 12, 1988]
§ 1910.29 Manually propelled mobile
ladder stands and scaffolds (tow-
ers).
(a ) Gen era l requ irem en t s—(1) A p p lica -
t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n i s i n t e n d e d t o p r e -
s c r i b e r u l e s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r t h e
design , con st r u ct ion , a n d u se of m obile
wor k p l a t fo r m s (i n c l u d i n g la dder
st a n ds bu t n ot in clu din g a er ia l la dder s)
a n d r o l l i n g (m o b i l e ) s c a ffo l d s (t o w e r s ).
T h is st a n da r d is pr om u lga t ed t o a id in
p r o v i d i n g fo r t h e s a fe t y o f l i fe , l i m b ,
a n d pr oper t y , by est a blish in g m in im u m
s t a n d a r d s fo r s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n r e q u i r e -
m e n t s a n d fo r t h e u s e o f m o b i l e w o r k
p l a t fo r m s a n d t o w e r s .
(2) W ork in g loa d s. (i ) Wo r k p l a t fo r m s
a n d s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f c a r -
r y in g t h e design loa d u n der va r y in g
cir cu m st a n ces depen din g u pon t h e con -
d i t i o n s o f u s e . T h e r e fo r e , a l l p a r t s a n d
a p p u r t e n a n c e s n e c e s s a r y fo r t h e i r s a fe
a n d e ffi c i e n t u t i l i za t i o n m u s t b e i n t e -
gr a l pa r t s of t h e design .
(i i ) S p e c i fi c d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n
r equ ir em en t s a r e n ot a pa r t of t h is sec-
t ion beca u se of t h e wide va r iet y of m a -
t er ia ls a n d design possibilit ies. How-
ever , t h e design sh a ll be su ch a s t o
p r o d u c e a m o b i l e l a d d e r s t a n d o r s c a f-
fo l d t h a t w i l l s a fe l y s u s t a i n t h e s p e c i -
fi e d l o a d s . T h e m a t e r i a l s e l e c t e d s h a l l
b e o f s u ffi c i e n t s t r e n g t h t o m e e t t h e
t est r equ ir em en t s a n d sh a ll be pr o-
t ect ed a ga in st cor r osion or det er ior a -
t ion .
(a ) T h e d e s i g n w o r k i n g l o a d o f l a d d e r
st a n ds sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed on t h e ba sis
o f o n e o r m o r e 200-p o u n d p e r s o n s t o -
g e t h e r w i t h 50 p o u n d s o f e q u i p m e n t
ea ch .
(b) T h e d e s i g n l o a d o f a l l s c a ffo l d s
s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f:
L igh t —D e s i g n e d a n d c o n s t r u c t e d t o c a r r y a
w o r k i n g l o a d o f 25 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
M ed iu m —D e s i g n e d a n d c o n s t r u c t e d t o c a r r y
a w o r k i n g l o a d o f 50 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e
fo o t .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.29
H ea v y —D e s i g n e d a n d c o n s t r u c t e d t o c a r r y a
w o r k i n g l o a d o f 75 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
A l l l a d d e r s t a n d s a n d s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e
c a p a b l e o f s u p p o r t i n g a t l e a s t fo u r
t im es t h e design wor k in g loa d.
(i i i ) T h e m a t e r i a l s u s e d i n m o b i l e
l a d d e r s t a n d s a n d s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e o f
s t a n d a r d m a n u fa c t u r e a n d c o n fo r m t o
s t a n d a r d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s o f s t r e n g t h , d i -
m en sion s, a n d weigh t s, a n d sh a ll be se-
l e c t e d t o s a fe l y s u p p o r t t h e d e s i g n
wor k in g loa d.
(i v ) N a i l s , b o l t s , o r o t h e r fa s t e n e r s
u sed in t h e con st r u ct ion of la dder s,
s c a ffo l d s , a n d t o w e r s s h a l l b e o f a d e -
q u a t e s i ze a n d i n s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r s a t
ea ch con n ect ion t o develop t h e de-
sign ed st r en gt h of t h e u n it . Na ils sh a ll
b e d r i v e n fu l l l e n g t h . (A l l n a i l s s h o u l d
b e i m m e d i a t e l y w i t h d r a w n fr o m d i s -
m a n t l e d l u m b e r .)
(v ) A l l e x p o s e d s u r fa c e s s h a l l b e fr e e
fr o m s h a r p e d g e s , b u r r s o r o t h e r s a fe t y
h a za r d s .
(3) W ork lev els. (i ) T h e m a x i m u m
w o r k l e v e l h e i g h t s h a l l n o t e x c e e d fo u r
(4) t i m e s t h e m i n i m u m o r l e a s t b a s e d i -
m en sion s of a n y m obile la dder st a n d or
s c a ffo l d . Wh e r e t h e b a s i c m o b i l e u n i t
does n ot m eet t h is r equ ir em en t , su it -
a b l e o u t r i g g e r fr a m e s s h a l l b e e m -
ploy ed t o a ch ieve t h is lea st ba se di-
m en sion , or pr ovision s sh a ll be m a de t o
gu y or br a ce t h e u n it a ga in st t ippin g.
(i i ) T h e m i n i m u m p l a t fo r m w i d t h fo r
a n y w o r k l e v e l s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n 20
i n c h e s fo r m o b i l e s c a ffo l d s (t o w e r s ).
L a dder st a n ds sh a ll h a ve a m in im u m
s t e p w i d t h o f 16 i n c h e s .
(i i i ) T h e s u p p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e fo r t h e
wor k level sh a ll be r igidly br a ced,
u sin g a dequ a t e cr oss br a cin g or dia go-
n a l b r a c i n g w i t h r i g i d p l a t fo r m s a t
ea ch wor k level.
(i v ) T h e s t e p s o f l a d d e r s t a n d s s h a l l
b e fa b r i c a t e d fr o m s l i p r e s i s t a n t t r e a d s .
(v ) T h e w o r k l e v e l p l a t fo r m o f s c a f-
fo l d s (t o w e r s ) s h a l l b e o f w o o d , a l u -
m in u m , or ply wood pla n k in g, st eel or
e x p a n d e d m e t a l , fo r t h e fu l l w i d t h o f
t h e s c a ffo l d , e x c e p t fo r n e c e s s a r y o p e n -
i n g s . Wo r k p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e s e c u r e d
i n p l a c e . A l l p l a n k i n g s h a l l b e 2-i n c h
(n o m i n a l ) s c a ffo l d g r a d e m i n i m u m 1,500
f . (s t r e s s g r a d e ) c o n s t r u c t i o n g r a d e
lu m ber or equ iva len t .
(v i ) A l l s c a ffo l d w o r k l e v e l s 10 fe e t o r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h i g h e r a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r s h a l l
144
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00154 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
h a v e a s t a n d a r d (4-i n c h n o m i n a l )
t oeboa r d.
(v i i ) A l l w o r k l e v e l s 10 fe e t o r h i g h e r
a b o v e t h e g r o u n d o r fl o o r s h a l l h a v e a
g u a r d r a i l o f 2- b y 4-i n c h n o m i n a l o r t h e
e q u i v a l e n t i n s t a l l e d n o l e s s t h a n 36
i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 42 i n c h e s h i g h ,
w i t h a m i d -r a i l , w h e n r e q u i r e d , o f 1- b y
4-i n c h n o m i n a l l u m b e r o r e q u i v a l e n t .
(v i i i ) A c l i m b i n g l a d d e r o r s t a i r w a y
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r p r o p e r a c c e s s a n d
e g r e s s , a n d s h a l l b e a ffi x e d o r b u i l t i n t o
t h e s c a ffo l d a n d s o l o c a t e d t h a t i t s u s e
will n ot h a ve a t en den cy t o t ip t h e
s c a ffo l d . A l a n d i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d a t i n t e r v a l s n o t t o e x c e e d 30
fe e t .
(4) W h eels or ca st ers. (i ) Wh e e l s o r
c a s t e r s s h a l l b e p r o p e r l y d e s i g n e d fo r
st r en gt h a n d dim en sion s t o su ppor t
fo u r (4) t i m e s t h e d e s i g n w o r k i n g l o a d .
(i i ) A l l s c a ffo l d c a s t e r s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h a p o s i t i v e w h e e l a n d /o r
swivel lock t o pr even t m ovem en t . L a d-
d e r s t a n d s s h a l l h a v e a t l e a s t t w o (2) o f
t h e fo u r (4) c a s t e r s a n d s h a l l b e o f t h e
swivel t y pe.
(i i i ) Wh e r e l e v e l i n g o f t h e e l e v a t e d
w o r k p l a t fo r m i s r e q u i r e d , s c r e w j a c k s
o r o t h e r s u i t a b l e m e a n s fo r a d j u s t i n g
t h e h eigh t sh a ll be pr ovided in t h e ba se
sect ion of ea ch m obile u n it .
(b ) M obile t u bu la r w eld ed f ra m e sca f -
f old s—(1) Gen era l. U n i t s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed t o com ply wit h t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) B ra cin g. S c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e p r o p -
e r l y b r a c e d b y c r o s s b r a c e s a n d /o r d i -
a g o n a l b r a c e s fo r s e c u r i n g v e r t i c a l
m em ber s t oget h er la t er a lly . T h e cr oss
br a ces sh a ll be of a len gt h t h a t will
a u t om a t ica lly squ a r e and a lign
v e r t i c a l m e m b e r s s o t h e e r e c t e d s c a f-
fo l d i s a l w a y s p l u m b , s q u a r e , a n d r i g i d .
(3) S p a cin g. S p a c i n g o f p a n e l s o r
fr a m e s s h a l l b e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e
l o a d s i m p o s e d . T h e fr a m e s s h a l l b e
pla ced on e on t op of t h e ot h er wit h
cou plin g or st a ck in g pin s t o pr ovide
pr oper ver t ica l a lign m en t of t h e legs.
(4) L ock in g. Wh e r e u p l i ft m a y o c c u r ,
pa n els sh a ll be lock ed t oget h er
ver t ica lly by pin s or ot h er equ iva len t
m ea n s.
(5) E rect ion . On l y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o f
a s c a ffo l d o r h i s q u a l i fi e d d e s i g n a t e d
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
a gen t sh a ll be per m it t ed t o er ect or su -
p e r v i s e t h e e r e c t i o n o f s c a ffo l d s e x c e e d -
i n g 50 fe e t i n h e i g h t a b o v e t h e b a s e , u n -
less su ch st r u ct u r e is a ppr oved in wr it -
i n g b y a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i -
n eer , or er ect ed in a ccor da n ce wit h in -
s t r u c t i o n s fu r n i s h e d b y t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r er .
(c ) M obile t u bu la r w eld ed sect ion a l
f old in g sca f f old s—(1) Gen era l. U n i t s i n -
clu din g sect ion a l st a ir wa y a n d sec-
t i o n a l l a d d e r s c a ffo l d s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed t o com ply wit h t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) S t a irw a y . A n i n t e g r a l s t a i r w a y
a n d w o r k p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e i n c o r -
por a t ed in t o t h e st r u ct u r e of ea ch sec-
t i o n a l fo l d i n g s t a i r w a y s c a ffo l d .
(3) B ra cin g. A n i n t e g r a l s e t o f p i v -
o t i n g a n d h i n g e d fo l d i n g d i a g o n a l a n d
h o r i zo n t a l b r a c e s a n d a d e t a c h a b l e
w o r k p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e i n c o r p o r a t e d
in t o t h e st r u ct u r e of ea ch sect ion a l
fo l d i n g l a d d e r s c a ffo l d .
(4) S ect ion a l f old in g st a irw a y sca f f old s.
S e c t i o n a l fo l d i n g s t a i r w a y s c a ffo l d s
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a s m e d i u m d u t y s c a f-
fo l d s e x c e p t fo r h i g h c l e a r a n c e . T h e s e
specia l ba se sect ion s sh a ll be design ed
a s l i g h t d u t y s c a ffo l d s . Wh e n u p p e r s e c -
t i o n a l fo l d i n g s t a i r w a y s c a ffo l d s a r e
u sed wit h a specia l h igh clea r a n ce ba se,
t h e l o a d c a p a c i t y o f t h e e n t i r e s c a ffo l d
sh a ll be r edu ced a ccor din gly . T h e
w i d t h o f a s e c t i o n a l fo l d i n g s t a i r w a y
s c a ffo l d s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 41⁄2 fe e t . T h e
m a x i m u m l e n g t h o f a s e c t i o n a l fo l d i n g
s t a i r w a y s c a ffo l d s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 6
fe e t .
(5) S ect ion a l f old in g la d d er sca f f old s.
S e c t i o n a l fo l d i n g l a d d e r s c a ffo l d s s h a l l
b e d e s i g n e d a s l i g h t d u t y s c a ffo l d s i n -
c l u d i n g s p e c i a l b a s e (o p e n e n d ) s e c t i o n s
w h i c h a r e d e s i g n e d fo r h i g h c l e a r a n c e .
F or cer t a in specia l a pplica t ion s t h e
s i x -fo o t (6′) fo l d i n g l a d d e r s c a ffo l d s , e x -
c e p t fo r s p e c i a l h i g h c l e a r a n c e b a s e
s e c t i o n s , s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r u s e a s
m e d i u m d u t y s c a ffo l d s . T h e w i d t h o f a
s e c t i o n a l fo l d i n g l a d d e r s c a ffo l d s h a l l
n o t e x c e e d 41⁄2 fe e t . T h e m a x i m u m
l e n g t h o f a s e c t i o n a l fo l d i n g l a d d e r
s c a ffo l d s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 6 fe e t 6 i n c h e s
fo r a s i x -fo o t (6′) l o n g u n i t , 8 fe e t 6
i n c h e s fo r a n e i g h t -fo o t (8′) u n i t o r 10
fe e t 6 i n c h e s fo r a t e n -fo o t (10′) l o n g
u n it .
(6) E n d f ra m es. T h e e n d fr a m e s o f s e c -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t i o n a l l a d d e r a n d s t a i r w a y s c a ffo l d s
145
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00155 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.29
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d s o t h a t t h e h o r i zo n t a l
b e a r e r s p r o v i d e s u p p o r t s fo r m u l t i p l e
pla n k in g levels.
(7) E rect ion . On l y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o f
t h e s c a ffo l d o r h i s q u a l i fi e d d e s i g n a t e d
a gen t sh a ll be per m it t ed t o er ect or su -
p e r v i s e t h e e r e c t i o n o f s c a ffo l d s e x c e e d -
i n g 50 fe e t i n h e i g h t a b o v e t h e b a s e , u n -
less su ch st r u ct u r e is a ppr oved in wr it -
i n g b y a l i c e n s e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r ,
or er ect ed in a ccor da n ce wit h in st r u c-
t i o n s fu r n i s h e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(d ) M obile t u be a n d cou p ler sca f f old s—
(1) D esign . U n i t s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o
com ply wit h t h e a pplica ble r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) M a t eria l. T h e m a t e r i a l u s e d fo r
t h e cou pler s sh a ll be of a st r u ct u r a l
t y p e , s u c h a s a d r o p -fo r g e d s t e e l , m a l -
lea ble ir on or st r u ct u r a l gr a de a lu -
m in u m . T h e u se of gr a y ca st ir on is
pr oh ibit ed.
(3) E rect ion . On l y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o f
t h e s c a ffo l d o r h i s q u a l i fi e d d e s i g n a t e d
a gen t sh a ll be per m it t ed t o er ect or su -
p e r v i s e t h e e r e c t i o n o f s c a ffo l d s e x c e e d -
i n g 50 fe e t i n h e i g h t a b o v e t h e b a s e , u n -
less su ch st r u ct u r e is a ppr oved in wr it -
i n g b y a l i c e n s e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r ,
or er ect ed in a ccor da n ce wit h in st r u c-
t i o n s fu r n i s h e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(e ) M obile w ork p la t f orm s—(1) D esign .
U n i t s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r t h e u s e i n -
t en ded a n d sh a ll com ply wit h t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(2) B a se w id t h . T h e m i n i m u m w i d t h o f
t h e b a s e o f m o b i l e w o r k p l a t fo r m s s h a l l
n o t b e l e s s t h a n 20 i n c h e s .
(3) B ra cin g. A d e q u a t e r i g i d d i a g o n a l
br a cin g t o ver t ica l m em ber s sh a ll be
pr ovided.
(f) M obile la d d er st a n d s—(1) D esign .
Un it s sh a ll com ply wit h a pplica ble r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(2) B a se w id t h . T h e m i n i m u m b a s e
w i d t h s h a l l c o n fo r m t o p a r a g r a p h
(a )(3)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h e m a x i m u m
len gt h of t h e ba se sect ion sh a ll be t h e
t ot a l len gt h of com bin ed st eps a n d t op
a s s e m b l y , m e a s u r e d h o r i zo n t a l l y , p l u s
fi v e -e i g h t h s i n c h p e r s t e p o f r i s e .
(3) S t ep s. S t e p s s h a l l b e u n i fo r m l y
spa ced, a n d sloped, wit h a r ise of n ot
l e s s t h a n n i n e (9) i n c h e s , n o r m o r e t h a n
t e n (10) i n c h e s , a n d a d e p t h o f n o t l e s s
s e v e n (7) i n c h e s . T h e s l o p e o f t h e s t e p s
s e c t i o n s h a l l b e a m i n i m u m o f fi ft y -
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.30
fi v e (55) d e g r e e s a n d a m a x i m u m o f
s i x t y (60) d e g r e e s m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e
h o r i zo n t a l .
(4) H a n d ra ils. (i ) U n i t s h a v i n g m o r e
t h a n fi v e (5) s t e p s o r 60 i n c h e s v e r t i c a l
h eigh t t o t h e t op st ep sh a ll be equ ipped
wit h h a n dr a ils.
(i i ) H a n d r a i l s s h a l l b e a m i n i m u m o f
29 i n c h e s h i g h . M e a s u r e m e n t s s h a l l b e
t a k e n v e r t i c a l l y fr o m t h e c e n t e r o f t h e
st ep.
(5) L oa d in g. T h e l o a d (s e e p a r a g r a p h
(a )(2)(i i )(a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ) s h a l l b e a p -
p l i e d u n i fo r m l y t o a 31⁄2 i n c h e s w i d e
a r e a fr o n t t o b a c k a t t h e c e n t e r o f t h e
w i d t h s p a n w i t h a s a fe t y fa c t o r o f fo u r
(4).
§ 1910.30 Other working surfaces.
(a ) D ock boa rd s (brid ge p la t es). (1) P o r t -
a ble a n d power ed dock boa r ds sh a ll be
st r on g en ou gh t o ca r r y t h e loa d im -
posed on t h em .
(2) P o r t a b l e d o c k b o a r d s s h a l l b e s e -
cu r ed in posit ion , eit h er by bein g a n -
ch or ed or equ ipped wit h devices wh ich
will pr even t t h eir slippin g.
(3) P o w e r e d d o c k b o a r d s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h Co m m e r c i a l S t a n d a r d CS 202–56
(1961) ‘‘I n d u s t r i a l L i ft s a n d H i n g e d
L o a d i n g R a m p s p u b l i s h e d b y t h e U .S .
D e p a r t m e n t o f Co m m e r c e , w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(4) H a n d h o l d s , o r o t h e r e ffe c t i v e
m ea n s, sh a ll be pr ovided on por t a ble
d o c k b o a r d s t o p e r m i t s a fe h a n d l i n g .
(5) P o s i t i v e p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d t o p r e v e n t r a i l r o a d c a r s fr o m
bein g m oved wh ile dock boa r ds or
br idge pla t es a r e in posit ion .
(b ) F orgin g m a ch in e a rea . (1) M a c h i n e s
s h a l l b e s o l o c a t e d a s t o g i v e (i ) e n o u g h
clea r a n ce bet ween m a ch in es so t h a t
t h e m ovem en t of on e oper a t or will n ot
i n t e r fe r e w i t h t h e w o r k o f a n o t h e r , (i i )
a m p l e r o o m fo r c l e a n i n g m a c h i n e s a n d
h a n dlin g t h e wor k , in clu din g m a t er ia l
a n d scr a p. T h e a r r a n gem en t of m a -
ch in es sh a ll be su ch t h a t oper a t or s will
n ot st a n d in a isles.
(2) A i s l e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d o f s u ffi -
c i e n t w i d t h t o p e r m i t t h e fr e e m o v e -
m en t of em ploy ees br in gin g a n d r em ov-
in g m a t er ia l. T h is a isle spa ce is t o be
in depen den t of wor k in g a n d st or a ge
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
spa ce.
146
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(3) Wo o d p l a t fo r m s u s e d o n t h e fl o o r
i n fr o n t o f m a c h i n e s s h a l l b e s u b s t a n -
t ia lly con st r u ct ed.
(c ) V en eer m a ch in ery . (1) S i d e s o f
st ea m va t s sh a ll ext en d t o a h eigh t of
n o t l e s s t h a n 36 i n c h e s a b o v e t h e fl o o r ,
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m , o r g r o u n d .
(2) L a r g e s t e a m v a t s d i v i d e d i n t o s e c -
t ion s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h su bst a n t ia l
wa lk wa y s bet ween sect ion s. E a ch
wa lk wa y sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a
st a n da r d h a n dr a il on ea ch exposed side.
T h ese h a n dr a ils m a y be r em ova ble, if
n ecessa r y .
(3) Co v e r s s h a l l b e r e m o v e d o n l y fr o m
t h a t por t ion of st ea m in g va t s on wh ich
m en a r e wor k in g a n d a por t a ble r a ilin g
sh a ll be pla ced a t t h is poin t t o pr ot ect
t h e oper a t or s.
(4) Wo r k m e n s h a l l n o t r i d e o r s t e p o n
logs in st ea m va t s.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 49
F R 5322, F e b . 10, 1984; 61 F R 9235, M a r . 7, 1996]
Subpart E—Means of Egress
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, 8, Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe -
t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29 U .S .C. 653, 655,
657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s Or d e r N o s . 12–71 (36
F R 8754), (8–76 41 F R 25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736)
o r 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–96 (62 F R 111), o r 3–2000
(65 F R 50017), a s a p p l i c a b l e .
§ 1910.33 Table of contents.
T h is sect ion list s t h e sect ion s a n d
pa r a gr a ph h ea din gs con t a in ed in
§§ 1910.34 t h r o u g h 1910.39.
§ 1910.34 Cov era ge a n d d ef in it ion s.
(a ) E v e r y e m p l o y e r i s c o v e r e d .
(b ) E x i t r o u t e s a r e c o v e r e d .
(c ) D e fi n i t i o n s .
§ 1910.35 Com p lia n ce w it h N F P A 101–2000, L if e
S a f et y Cod e.
§ 1910.36 D esign a n d con st ru ct ion requ irem en t s
f or ex it rou t es.
(a ) B a s i c r e q u i r e m e n t s .
(b ) T h e n u m b e r o f e x i t r o u t e s m u s t b e a d e -
qu a t e.
(c ) E x i t d i s c h a r g e .
(d ) A n e x i t d o o r m u s t b e u n l o c k e d .
(e ) A s i d e -h i n g e d e x i t d o o r m u s t b e u s e d .
(f) T h e c a p a c i t y o f a n e x i t r o u t e m u s t b e a d e -
qu a t e.
(g ) A n e x i t r o u t e m u s t m e e t m i n i m u m h e i g h t
a n d widt h r equ ir em en t s.
(h ) A n o u t d o o r e x i t r o u t e i s p e r m i t t e d .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
§ 1910.37 M a in t en a n ce, sa f egu a rd s, a n d
op era t ion a l f ea t u res f or ex it rou t es.
(a ) T h e d a n g e r t o e m p l o y e e s m u s t b e m i n i -
m i ze d .
(b ) L i g h t i n g a n d m a r k i n g m u s t b e a d e q u a t e
a n d a ppr opr ia t e.
(c ) T h e fi r e r e t a r d a n t p r o p e r t i e s o f p a i n t s o r
solu t ion s m u st be m a in t a in ed.
(d ) E x i t r o u t e s m u s t b e m a i n t a i n e d d u r i n g
con st r u ct ion , r epa ir s, or a lt er a t ion s.
(e ) A n e m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m m u s t b e o p e r -
a ble.
§ 1910.38 E m ergen cy a ct ion p la n s.
(a ) A p p l i c a t i o n .
(b ) Wr i t t e n a n d o r a l e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n s .
(c ) M i n i m u m e l e m e n t s o f a n e m e r g e n c y a c -
t ion pla n .
(d ) E m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m .
(e ) T r a i n i n g .
(f) R e v i e w o f e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n .
§ 1910.39 F ire p rev en t ion p la n s.
(a ) A p p l i c a t i o n .
(b ) Wr i t t e n a n d o r a l fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n s .
(c ) M i n i m u m e l e m e n t s o f a fi r e p r e v e n t i o n
pla n .
(d ) E m p l o y e e i n fo r m a t i o n .
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.34 Coverage and definitions.
(a ) E v ery em p loy er is cov ered . S e c t i o n s
1910.34 t h r o u g h 1910.39 a p p l y t o w o r k -
pla ces in gen er a l in du st r y except m o-
bile wor k pla ces su ch a s veh icles or ves-
sels.
(b ) E x it s rou t es a re cov ered . T h e r u l e s
i n §§ 1910.34 t h r o u g h 1910.39 c o v e r t h e
m i n i m u m r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r e x i t r o u t e s
t h a t em ploy er s m u st pr ovide in t h eir
wor k pla ce so t h a t em ploy ees m a y
e v a c u a t e t h e w o r k p l a c e s a fe l y d u r i n g
a n e m e r g e n c y . S e c t i o n s 1910.34 t h r o u g h
1910.39 a l s o c o v e r t h e m i n i m u m r e -
q u i r e m e n t s fo r e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n s
a n d fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n s .
(c ) D ef in it ion s.
E lect rolu m in escen t m e a n s a l i g h t -
em it t in g ca pa cit or . Alt er n a t in g cu r -
r en t excit es ph osph or a t om s wh en
pla ced bet ween t h e elect r ica lly con du c-
t i v e s u r fa c e s t o p r o d u c e l i g h t . T h i s
ligh t sou r ce is t y pica lly con t a in ed in -
side t h e device.
E x it m e a n s t h a t p o r t i o n o f a n e x i t
r o u t e t h a t i s g e n e r a l l y s e p a r a t e d fr o m
ot h er a r ea s t o pr ovide a pr ot ect ed wa y
of t r a vel t o t h e exit disch a r ge. An ex-
a m p l e o f a n e x i t i s a t w o -h o u r fi r e r e -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s i s t a n c e -r a t e d e n c l o s e d s t a i r w a y t h a t
147
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§ 1910.34
l e a d s fr o m t h e fi ft h fl o o r o f a n o ffi c e
bu ildin g t o t h e ou t side of t h e bu ildin g.
E x it a ccess m e a n s t h a t p o r t i o n o f a n
exit r ou t e t h a t lea ds t o a n exit . An ex-
a m ple of a n exit a ccess is a cor r idor on
t h e fi ft h fl o o r o f a n o ffi c e b u i l d i n g t h a t
l e a d s t o a t w o -h o u r fi r e r e s i s t a n c e -
r a t e d e n c l o s e d s t a i r w a y (t h e E x i t ).
E x it d isch a rge m e a n s t h e p a r t o f t h e
exit r ou t e t h a t lea ds dir ect ly ou t side
o r t o a s t r e e t , w a l k w a y , r e fu g e a r e a ,
pu blic wa y , or open spa ce wit h a ccess
t o t h e ou t side. An exa m ple of a n exit
disch a r ge is a door a t t h e bot t om of a
t w o -h o u r fi r e r e s i s t a n c e -r a t e d e n c l o s e d
st a ir wa y t h a t disch a r ges t o a pla ce of
s a fe t y o u t s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g .
E x it rou t e m e a n s a c o n t i n u o u s a n d
u n o b s t r u c t e d p a t h o f e x i t t r a v e l fr o m
a n y poin t wit h in a wor k pla ce t o a
p l a c e o f s a fe t y (i n c l u d i n g r e fu g e a r e a s ).
An exit r ou t e con sist s of t h r ee pa r t s:
T h e exit a ccess; t h e exit ; a n d, t h e exit
d i s c h a r g e . (A n e x i t r o u t e i n c l u d e s a l l
v e r t i c a l a n d h o r i zo n t a l a r e a s a l o n g t h e
r o u t e .)
H igh h a z a rd a rea m e a n s a n a r e a i n -
side a wor k pla ce in wh ich oper a t ion s
i n c l u d e h i g h h a za r d m a t e r i a l s , p r o c -
esses, or con t en t s.
O ccu p a n t loa d m e a n s t h e t o t a l n u m -
ber of per son s t h a t m a y occu py a wor k -
pla ce or por t ion of a wor k pla ce a t a n y
on e t im e. T h e occu pa n t loa d of a wor k -
pla ce is ca lcu la t ed by dividin g t h e
g r o s s fl o o r a r e a o f t h e w o r k p l a c e o r
por t ion of a wor k pla ce by t h e occu pa n t
l o a d fa c t o r fo r t h a t p a r t i c u l a r t y p e o f
w o r k p l a c e o c c u p a n c y . I n fo r m a t i o n r e -
g a r d i n g ‘‘Oc c u p a n t l o a d ’’ i s l o c a t e d i n
N F P A 101–2000, L i fe S a fe t y Co d e .
R ef u ge a rea m e a n s e i t h e r :
(1) A s p a c e a l o n g a n e x i t r o u t e t h a t i s
p r o t e c t e d fr o m t h e e ffe c t s o f fi r e b y
s e p a r a t i o n fr o m o t h e r s p a c e s w i t h i n
t h e bu ildin g by a ba r r ier wit h a t lea st
a o n e -h o u r fi r e r e s i s t a n c e -r a t i n g ; o r
(2) A fl o o r w i t h a t l e a s t t w o s p a c e s ,
s e p a r a t e d fr o m e a c h o t h e r b y s m o k e -
r esist a n t pa r t it ion s, in a bu ildin g pr o-
t ect ed t h r ou gh ou t by a n a u t om a t ic
spr in k ler sy st em t h a t com plies wit h
§ 1910.159 o f t h i s p a r t .
S elf -lu m in ou s m e a n s a l i g h t s o u r c e
t h a t i s i l l u m i n a t e d b y a s e l f-c o n t a i n e d
p o w e r s o u r c e (e.g., t r i t i u m ) a n d t h a t
o p e r a t e s i n d e p e n d e n t l y fr o m e x t e r n a l
power sou r ces. Ba t t er ies a r e n ot a c-
c e p t a b l e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d p o w e r s o u r c e s .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.35
T h e ligh t sou r ce is t y pica lly con t a in ed
in side t h e device.
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.35 Compliance with NFPA 101–
2000, Life Safety Code.
An em ploy er wh o dem on st r a t es com -
plia n ce wit h t h e exit r ou t e pr ovision s
o f N F P A 101–2000, t h e L i fe S a fe t y Co d e ,
will be deem ed t o be in com plia n ce
wit h t h e cor r espon din g r equ ir em en t s in
§§ 1910.34, 1910.36, a n d 1910.37.
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.36 Design and construction re-
quirements for exit routes.
(a ) B a sic requ irem en t s. E x i t r o u t e s
m u s t m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g d e s i g n a n d
con st r u ct ion r equ ir em en t s:
(1) A n ex it rou t e m u st be p erm a n en t .
E a ch exit r ou t e m u st be a per m a n en t
pa r t of t h e wor k pla ce.
(2) A n ex it m u st be sep a ra t ed by f ire re-
sist a n t m a t eria ls. Co n s t r u c t i o n m a t e -
r i a l s u s e d t o s e p a r a t e a n e x i t fr o m
ot h er pa r t s of t h e wor k pla ce m u st h a ve
a o n e -h o u r fi r e r e s i s t a n c e -r a t i n g i f t h e
e x i t c o n n e c t s t h r e e o r fe w e r s t o r i e s a n d
a t w o -h o u r fi r e r e s i s t a n c e -r a t i n g i f t h e
e x i t c o n n e c t s fo u r o r m o r e s t o r i e s .
(3) O p en in gs in t o a n ex it m u st be lim -
it ed . A n e x i t i s p e r m i t t e d t o h a v e o n l y
t h ose open in gs n ecessa r y t o a llow a c-
c e s s t o t h e e x i t fr o m o c c u p i e d a r e a s o f
t h e wor k pla ce, or t o t h e exit disch a r ge.
An open in g in t o a n exit m u st be pr o-
t e c t e d b y a s e l f-c l o s i n g fi r e d o o r t h a t
r em a in s closed or a u t om a t ica lly closes
in a n em er gen cy u pon t h e sou n din g of
a fi r e a l a r m o r e m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m .
E a c h fi r e d o o r , i n c l u d i n g i t s fr a m e a n d
h a r dwa r e, m u st be list ed or a ppr oved
b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b -
o r a t o r y . S e c t i o n 1910.155(c )(3)(i v )(A ) o f
t h i s p a r t d e fi n e s ‘‘l i s t e d ’’ a n d § 1910.7 o f
t h i s p a r t d e fi n e s a ‘‘n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g -
n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .’’
(b ) T h e n u m ber of ex it rou t es m u st be
a d equ a t e—(1) T w o ex it rou t es. A t l e a s t
t wo exit r ou t es m u st be a va ila ble in a
wor k pla ce t o per m it pr om pt eva cu -
a t ion of em ploy ees a n d ot h er bu ildin g
occu pa n t s du r in g a n em er gen cy , except
a s a l l o w e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(3) o f t h i s
sect ion . T h e exit r ou t es m u st be lo-
c a t e d a s fa r a w a y a s p r a c t i c a l fr o m
ea ch ot h er so t h a t if on e exit r ou t e is
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
b l o c k e d b y fi r e o r s m o k e , e m p l o y e e s
148
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
ca n eva cu a t e u sin g t h e secon d exit
r ou t e.
(2) M ore t h a n t w o ex it rou t es. M o r e
t h a n t wo exit r ou t es m u st be a va ila ble
in a wor k pla ce if t h e n u m ber of em -
p l o y e e s , t h e s i ze o f t h e b u i l d i n g , i t s o c -
cu pa n cy , or t h e a r r a n gem en t of t h e
wor k pla ce is su ch t h a t a ll em ploy ees
w o u l d n o t b e a b l e t o e v a c u a t e s a fe l y
du r in g a n em er gen cy .
(3) A sin gle ex it rou t e. A s i n g l e e x i t
r ou t e is per m it t ed wh er e t h e n u m ber of
e m p l o y e e s , t h e s i ze o f t h e b u i l d i n g , i t s
occu pa n cy , or t h e a r r a n gem en t of t h e
wor k pla ce is su ch t h a t a ll em ploy ees
w o u l d b e a b l e t o e v a c u a t e s a fe l y d u r i n g
a n em er gen cy .
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H 1910.36(b ): F o r a s s i s t -
a n ce in det er m in in g t h e n u m ber of exit
r o u t e s n e c e s s a r y fo r y o u r w o r k p l a c e , c o n s u l t
N F P A 101–2000, L i fe S a fe t y Co d e .
(c ) E x it d isch a rge. (1) E a c h e x i t d i s -
ch a r ge m u st lea d dir ect ly ou t side or t o
a s t r e e t , w a l k w a y , r e fu g e a r e a , p u b l i c
wa y , or open spa ce wit h a ccess t o t h e
ou t side.
(2) T h e s t r e e t , w a l k w a y , r e fu g e a r e a ,
pu blic wa y , or open spa ce t o wh ich a n
exit disch a r ge lea ds m u st be la r ge
en ou gh t o a ccom m oda t e t h e bu ildin g
occu pa n t s lik ely t o u se t h e exit r ou t e.
(3) E x i t s t a i r s t h a t c o n t i n u e b e y o n d
t h e level on wh ich t h e exit disch a r ge is
loca t ed m u st be in t er r u pt ed a t t h a t
l e v e l b y d o o r s , p a r t i t i o n s , o r o t h e r e f-
fe c t i v e m e a n s t h a t c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e t h e
dir ect ion of t r a vel lea din g t o t h e exit
disch a r ge.
(d ) A n ex it d oor m u st be u n lock ed . (1)
E m ploy ees m u st be a ble t o open a n exit
r o u t e d o o r fr o m t h e i n s i d e a t a l l t i m e s
wit h ou t k ey s, t ools, or specia l k n owl-
edge. A device su ch a s a pa n ic ba r t h a t
l o c k s o n l y fr o m t h e o u t s i d e i s p e r -
m it t ed on exit disch a r ge door s.
(2) E x i t r o u t e d o o r s m u s t b e fr e e o f
a n y device or a la r m t h a t cou ld r est r ict
em er gen cy u se of t h e exit r ou t e if t h e
d e v i c e o r a l a r m fa i l s .
(3) A n e x i t r o u t e d o o r m a y b e l o c k e d
fr o m t h e i n s i d e o n l y i n m e n t a l , p e n a l ,
o r c o r r e c t i o n a l fa c i l i t i e s a n d t h e n o n l y
if su per visor y per son n el a r e con t in u -
ou sly on du t y a n d t h e em ploy er h a s a
p l a n t o r e m o v e o c c u p a n t s fr o m t h e fa -
cilit y du r in g a n em er gen cy .
(e ) A sid e-h in ged ex it d oor m u st be
u sed . (1) A s i d e -h i n g e d d o o r m u s t b e
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
u sed t o con n ect a n y r oom t o a n exit
r ou t e.
(2) T h e d o o r t h a t c o n n e c t s a n y r o o m
t o a n exit r ou t e m u st swin g ou t in t h e
dir ect ion of exit t r a vel if t h e r oom is
design ed t o be occu pied by m or e t h a n
50 p e o p l e o r i f t h e r o o m i s a h i g h h a z-
a r d a r e a (i.e., c o n t a i n s c o n t e n t s t h a t
a r e lik ely t o bu r n wit h ext r em e r a pid-
i t y o r e x p l o d e ).
(f) T h e ca p a cit y of a n ex it rou t e m u st be
a d equ a t e. (1) E x i t r o u t e s m u s t s u p p o r t
t h e m a xim u m per m it t ed occu pa n t loa d
fo r e a c h fl o o r s e r v e d .
(2) T h e c a p a c i t y o f a n e x i t r o u t e m a y
n ot decr ea se in t h e dir ect ion of exit
r ou t e t r a vel t o t h e exit disch a r ge.
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H 1910.36(f): I n fo r m a t i o n
r e g a r d i n g ‘‘Oc c u p a n t l o a d ’’ i s l o c a t e d i n
N F P A 101–2000, L i fe S a fe t y Co d e .
(g ) A n ex it rou t e m u st m eet m in im u m
h eigh t a n d w id t h requ irem en t s. (1) T h e
ceilin g of a n exit r ou t e m u st be a t lea st
s e v e n fe e t s i x i n c h e s (2.3 m ) h i g h . A n y
p r o j e c t i o n fr o m t h e c e i l i n g m u s t n o t
r e a c h a p o i n t l e s s t h a n s i x fe e t e i g h t
i n c h e s (2.0 m ) fr o m t h e fl o o r .
(2) A n e x i t a c c e s s m u s t b e a t l e a s t 28
i n c h e s (71.1 c m ) w i d e a t a l l p o i n t s .
Wh e r e t h e r e i s o n l y o n e e x i t a c c e s s
lea din g t o a n exit or exit disch a r ge, t h e
widt h of t h e exit a n d exit disch a r ge
m u st be a t lea st equ a l t o t h e widt h of
t h e exit a ccess.
(3) T h e w i d t h o f a n e x i t r o u t e m u s t
b e s u ffi c i e n t t o a c c o m m o d a t e t h e m a x -
im u m per m it t ed occu pa n t loa d of ea ch
fl o o r s e r v e d b y t h e e x i t r o u t e .
(4) Ob j e c t s t h a t p r o j e c t i n t o t h e e x i t
r ou t e m u st n ot r edu ce t h e widt h of t h e
exit r ou t e t o less t h a n t h e m in im u m
w i d t h r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r e x i t r o u t e s .
(h ) A n ou t d oor ex it rou t e is p erm it t ed .
E a ch ou t door exit r ou t e m u st m eet t h e
m in im u m h eigh t a n d widt h r equ ir e-
m e n t s fo r i n d o o r e x i t r o u t e s a n d m u s t
a l s o m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(1) T h e o u t d o o r e x i t r o u t e m u s t h a v e
gu a r dr a ils t o pr ot ect u n en closed sides
i f a fa l l h a za r d e x i s t s ;
(2) T h e o u t d o o r e x i t r o u t e m u s t b e
cover ed if sn ow or ice is lik ely t o a ccu -
m u la t e a lon g t h e r ou t e, u n less t h e em -
ploy er ca n dem on st r a t e t h a t a n y sn ow
or ice a ccu m u la t ion will be r em oved
b e fo r e i t p r e s e n t s a s l i p p i n g h a za r d ;
(3) T h e o u t d o o r e x i t r o u t e m u s t b e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r ea son a bly st r a igh t a n d h a ve sm oot h ,
149
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00159 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.37
solid, su bst a n t ia lly level wa lk wa y s;
and
(4) T h e o u t d o o r e x i t r o u t e m u s t n o t
h a v e a d e a d -e n d t h a t i s l o n g e r t h a n 20
fe e t (6.2 m ).
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.37 Maintenance, safeguards, and
operational features for exit routes.
(a ) T h e d a n ger t o em p loy ees m u st be
m in im iz ed . (1) E x i t r o u t e s m u s t b e k e p t
fr e e o f e x p l o s i v e o r h i g h l y fl a m m a b l e
fu r n i s h i n g s o r o t h e r d e c o r a t i o n s .
(2) E x i t r o u t e s m u s t b e a r r a n g e d s o
t h a t em ploy ees will n ot h a ve t o t r a vel
t o w a r d a h i g h h a za r d a r e a , u n l e s s t h e
p a t h o f t r a v e l i s e ffe c t i v e l y s h i e l d e d
fr o m t h e h i g h h a za r d a r e a b y s u i t a b l e
pa r t it ion s or ot h er ph y sica l ba r r ier s.
(3) E x i t r o u t e s m u s t b e fr e e a n d u n o b -
st r u ct ed. No m a t er ia ls or equ ipm en t
m a y be pla ced, eit h er per m a n en t ly or
t em por a r ily , wit h in t h e exit r ou t e. T h e
exit a ccess m u st n ot go t h r ou gh a r oom
t h a t ca n be lock ed, su ch a s a ba t h -
r oom , t o r ea ch a n exit or exit dis-
c h a r g e , n o r m a y i t l e a d i n t o a d e a d -e n d
cor r idor . S t a ir s or a r a m p m u st be pr o-
vided wh er e t h e exit r ou t e is n ot su b-
st a n t ia lly level.
(4) S a fe g u a r d s d e s i g n e d t o p r o t e c t
e m p l o y e e s d u r i n g a n e m e r g e n c y (e.g.,
s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m s , a l a r m s y s t e m s , fi r e
door s, exit ligh t in g) m u st be in pr oper
wor k in g or der a t a ll t im es.
(b ) L igh t in g a n d m a rk in g m u st be a d e-
qu a t e a n d a p p rop ria t e. (1) E a c h e x i t
r ou t e m u st be a dequ a t ely ligh t ed so
t h a t a n em ploy ee wit h n or m a l vision
ca n see a lon g t h e exit r ou t e.
(2) E a c h e x i t m u s t b e c l e a r l y v i s i b l e
a n d m a r k e d b y a s i g n r e a d i n g ‘‘E x i t .’’
(3) E a c h e x i t r o u t e d o o r m u s t b e fr e e
of decor a t ion s or sign s t h a t obscu r e t h e
visibilit y of t h e exit r ou t e door .
(4) I f t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t r a v e l t o t h e
exit or exit disch a r ge is n ot im m e-
dia t ely a ppa r en t , sign s m u st be post ed
a lon g t h e exit a ccess in dica t in g t h e di-
r ect ion of t r a vel t o t h e n ea r est exit
a n d exit disch a r ge. Addit ion a lly , t h e
l i n e -o f-s i g h t t o a n e x i t s i g n m u s t c l e a r -
ly be visible a t a ll t im es.
(5) E a c h d o o r w a y o r p a s s a g e a l o n g a n
e x i t a c c e s s t h a t c o u l d b e m i s t a k e n fo r
a n e x i t m u s t b e m a r k e d ‘‘N o t a n E x i t ’’
o r s i m i l a r d e s i g n a t i o n , o r b e i d e n t i fi e d
b y a s i g n i n d i c a t i n g i t s a c t u a l u s e (e.g.,
c l o s e t ).
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.38
(6) E a c h e x i t s i g n m u s t b e i l l u m i -
n a t e d t o a s u r fa c e v a l u e o f a t l e a s t fi v e
fo o t -c a n d l e s (54 l u x ) b y a r e l i a b l e l i g h t
s o u r c e a n d b e d i s t i n c t i v e i n c o l o r . S e l f-
lu m in ou s or elect r olu m in escen t sign s
t h a t h a ve a m in im u m lu m in a n ce su r -
fa c e v a l u e o f a t l e a s t .06 fo o t l a m b e r t s
(0.21 c d /m 2) a r e p e r m i t t e d .
(7) E a c h e x i t s i g n m u s t h a v e t h e w o r d
‘‘E x i t ’’ i n p l a i n l y l e g i b l e l e t t e r s n o t
l e s s t h a n s i x i n c h e s (15.2 c m ) h i g h , w i t h
t h e pr in cipa l st r ok es of t h e let t er s in
t h e w o r d ‘‘E x i t ’’ n o t l e s s t h a n t h r e e -
fo u r t h s o f a n i n c h (1.9 c m ) w i d e .
(c ) T h e f ire ret a rd a n t p rop ert ies of
p a in t s or solu t ion s m u st be m a in t a in ed .
F ir e r et a r da n t pa in t s or solu t ion s m u st
b e r e n e w e d a s o ft e n a s n e c e s s a r y t o
m a i n t a i n t h e i r fi r e r e t a r d a n t p r o p -
er t ies.
(d ) E x it rou t es m u st be m a in t a in ed d u r-
in g con st ru ct ion , rep a irs, or a lt era t ion s.
(1) D u r i n g n e w c o n s t r u c t i o n , e m p l o y e e s
m u st n ot occu py a wor k pla ce u n t il t h e
exit r ou t es r equ ir ed by t h is su bpa r t a r e
c o m p l e t e d a n d r e a d y fo r e m p l o y e e u s e
fo r t h e p o r t i o n o f t h e w o r k p l a c e t h e y
occu py .
(2) D u r i n g r e p a i r s o r a l t e r a t i o n s , e m -
ploy ees m u st n ot occu py a wor k pla ce
u n less t h e exit r ou t es r equ ir ed by t h is
s u b p a r t a r e a v a i l a b l e a n d e x i s t i n g fi r e
pr ot ect ion s a r e m a in t a in ed, or u n t il a l-
t e r n a t e fi r e p r o t e c t i o n i s fu r n i s h e d
t h a t pr ovides a n equ iva len t level of
s a fe t y .
(3) E m p l o y e e s m u s t n o t b e e x p o s e d t o
h a za r d s o f fl a m m a b l e o r e x p l o s i v e s u b -
st a n ces or equ ipm en t u sed du r in g con -
st r u ct ion , r epa ir s, or a lt er a t ion s, t h a t
a r e bey on d t h e n or m a l per m issible con -
dit ion s in t h e wor k pla ce, or t h a t wou ld
im pede exit in g t h e wor k pla ce.
(e ) A n em p loy ee a la rm sy st em m u st be
op era ble. E m p l o y e r s m u s t i n s t a l l a n d
m a in t a in a n oper a ble em ploy ee a la r m
sy st em t h a t h a s a dist in ct ive sign a l t o
w a r n e m p l o y e e s o f fi r e o r o t h e r e m e r -
gen cies, u n less em ploy ees ca n pr om pt -
l y s e e o r s m e l l a fi r e o r o t h e r h a za r d i n
t im e t o pr ovide a dequ a t e wa r n in g t o
t h em . T h e em ploy ee a la r m sy st em
m u s t c o m p l y w i t h § 1910.165.
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.38 Emergency action plans.
(a ) A p p lica t ion . A n e m p l o y e r m u s t
h a ve a n em er gen cy a ct ion pla n wh en -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
e v e r a n OS H A s t a n d a r d i n t h i s p a r t r e -
150
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00160 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
qu ir es on e. T h e r equ ir em en t s in t h is
sect ion a pply t o ea ch su ch em er gen cy
a ct ion pla n .
(b ) W rit t en a n d ora l em ergen cy a ct ion
p la n s. A n e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n m u s t
be in wr it in g, k ept in t h e wor k pla ce,
a n d a v a i l a b l e t o e m p l o y e e s fo r r e v i e w .
H o w e v e r , a n e m p l o y e r w i t h 10 o r fe w e r
em ploy ees m a y com m u n ica t e t h e pla n
or a lly t o em ploy ees.
(c ) M in im u m elem en t s of a n em ergen cy
a ct ion p la n . A n e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n
m u st in clu de a t a m in im u m :
(1) P r o c e d u r e s fo r r e p o r t i n g a fi r e o r
ot h er em er gen cy ;
(2) P r o c e d u r e s fo r e m e r g e n c y e v a c u -
a t ion , in clu din g t y pe of eva cu a t ion a n d
exit r ou t e a ssign m en t s;
(3) P r o c e d u r e s t o b e fo l l o w e d b y e m -
ploy ees wh o r em a in t o oper a t e cr it ica l
p l a n t o p e r a t i o n s b e fo r e t h e y e v a c u a t e ;
(4) P r o c e d u r e s t o a c c o u n t fo r a l l e m -
p l o y e e s a ft e r e v a c u a t i o n ;
(5) P r o c e d u r e s t o b e fo l l o w e d b y e m -
p l o y e e s p e r fo r m i n g r e s c u e o r m e d i c a l
du t ies; a n d
(6) T h e n a m e o r j o b t i t l e o f e v e r y e m -
ploy ee wh o m a y be con t a ct ed by em -
p l o y e e s w h o n e e d m o r e i n fo r m a t i o n
a bou t t h e pla n or a n expla n a t ion of
t h eir du t ies u n der t h e pla n .
(d ) E m p loy ee a la rm sy st em . A n e m -
ploy er m u st h a ve a n d m a in t a in a n em -
ploy ee a la r m sy st em . T h e em ploy ee
a la r m sy st em m u st u se a dist in ct ive
s i g n a l fo r e a c h p u r p o s e a n d c o m p l y
w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n § 1910.165.
(e ) T ra in in g. A n e m p l o y e r m u s t d e s -
ign a t e a n d t r a in em ploy ees t o a ssist in
a s a fe a n d o r d e r l y e v a c u a t i o n o f o t h e r
em ploy ees.
(f) R ev iew of em ergen cy a ct ion p la n . A n
em ploy er m u st r eview t h e em er gen cy
a ct ion pla n wit h ea ch em ploy ee cov-
er ed by t h e pla n :
(1) Wh e n t h e p l a n i s d e v e l o p e d o r t h e
em ploy ee is a ssign ed in it ia lly t o a job;
(2) Wh e n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s r e s p o n s i b i l -
it ies u n der t h e pla n ch a n ge; a n d
(3) Wh e n t h e p l a n i s c h a n g e d .
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.39 Fire prevention plans.
(a ) A p p lica t ion . A n e m p l o y e r m u s t
h a v e a fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n w h e n a n
OS H A s t a n d a r d i n t h i s p a r t r e q u i r e s
on e. T h e r equ ir em en t s in t h is sect ion
a p p l y t o e a c h s u c h fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b ) W rit t en a n d ora l f ire p rev en t ion
p la n s. A fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n m u s t b e i n
wr it in g, be k ept in t h e wor k pla ce, a n d
b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o e m p l o y e e s fo r r e -
v i e w . H o w e v e r , a n e m p l o y e r w i t h 10 o r
fe w e r e m p l o y e e s m a y c o m m u n i c a t e t h e
pla n or a lly t o em ploy ees.
(c ) M in im u m elem en t s of a f ire p rev en -
t ion p la n . A fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n m u s t
in clu de:
(1) A l i s t o f a l l m a j o r fi r e h a za r d s ,
pr oper h a n dlin g a n d st or a ge pr ocedu r es
fo r h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s , p o t e n t i a l i g n i -
t ion sou r ces a n d t h eir con t r ol, a n d t h e
t y p e o f fi r e p r o t e c t i o n e q u i p m e n t n e c -
e s s a r y t o c o n t r o l e a c h m a j o r h a za r d ;
(2) P r o c e d u r e s t o c o n t r o l a c c u m u l a -
t i o n s o f fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s t i b l e
wa st e m a t er ia ls;
(3) P r o c e d u r e s fo r r e g u l a r m a i n t e -
n a n c e o f s a fe g u a r d s i n s t a l l e d o n h e a t -
pr odu cin g equ ipm en t t o pr even t t h e a c-
ciden t a l ign it ion of com bu st ible m a t e-
r ia ls;
(4) T h e n a m e o r j o b t i t l e o f e m p l o y -
e e s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r m a i n t a i n i n g e q u i p -
m en t t o pr even t or con t r ol sou r ces of
i g n i t i o n o r fi r e s ; a n d
(5) T h e n a m e o r j o b t i t l e o f e m p l o y -
e e s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e c o n t r o l o f fu e l
s o u r c e h a za r d s .
(d ) E m p loy ee in f orm a t ion . A n e m p l o y e r
m u s t i n fo r m e m p l o y e e s u p o n i n i t i a l a s -
s i g n m e n t t o a j o b o f t h e fi r e h a za r d s t o
wh ich t h ey a r e exposed. An em ploy er
m u st a lso r eview wit h ea ch em ploy ee
t h o s e p a r t s o f t h e fi r e p r e v e n t i o n p l a n
n e c e s s a r y fo r s e l f-p r o t e c t i o n .
[67 F R 67961, N o v . 7, 2002]
A P P E N D I X T O S U B P A R T E OF P A R T 1910—
E X I T R OU T E S , E M E R G E N CY A CT I ON
P L ANS , AND F IR E P R E V E N T I ON
P L ANS
T h is a ppen dix ser ves a s a n on m a n da t or y
gu idelin e t o a ssist em ploy er s in com ply in g
wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e r equ ir em en t s of su bpa r t
E.
§ 1910.38 E m p loy ee em ergen cy p la n s.
1. E m ergen cy a ct ion p la n elem en t s. T h e
em er gen cy a ct ion pla n sh ou ld a ddr ess em er -
gen cies t h a t t h e em ploy er m a y r ea son a bly
e x p e c t i n t h e w o r k p l a c e . E x a m p l e s a r e : fi r e ;
t oxic ch em ica l r elea ses; h u r r ica n es; t or n a -
d o e s ; b l i zza r d s ; fl o o d s ; a n d o t h e r s . T h e e l e -
m en t s of t h e em er gen cy a ct ion pla n pr e-
s e n t e d i n p a r a g r a p h 1910.38(c ) c a n b e s u p p l e -
m e n t e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g t o m o r e e ffe c t i v e l y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a c h i e v e e m p l o y e e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h i n a n
151
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00161 Fmt 8010
Pt. 1910, Subpt. E, App.
em er gen cy . T h e em ploy er sh ou ld list in de-
t a il t h e pr ocedu r es t o be t a k en by t h ose em -
ploy ees wh o h a ve been select ed t o r em a in be-
h i n d t o c a r e fo r e s s e n t i a l p l a n t o p e r a t i o n s
u n t il t h eir eva cu a t ion becom es a bsolu t ely
n ecessa r y . E ssen t ia l pla n t oper a t ion s m a y
in clu de t h e m on it or in g of pla n t power su p-
plies, wa t er su pplies, a n d ot h er essen t ia l
s e r v i c e s w h i c h c a n n o t b e s h u t d o w n fo r e v e r y
em er gen cy a la r m . E ssen t ia l pla n t oper a t ion s
m a y a l s o i n c l u d e c h e m i c a l o r m a n u fa c t u r i n g
pr ocesses wh ich m u st be sh u t down in st a ges
or st eps wh er e cer t a in em ploy ees m u st be
p r e s e n t t o a s s u r e t h a t s a fe s h u t d o w n p r o c e -
du r es a r e com plet ed.
T h e u s e o f fl o o r p l a n s o r w o r k p l a c e m a p s
wh ich clea r ly sh ow t h e em er gen cy esca pe
r ou t es sh ou ld be in clu ded in t h e em er gen cy
a c t i o n p l a n . Co l o r c o d i n g w i l l a i d e m p l o y e e s
in det er m in in g t h eir r ou t e a ssign m en t s.
T h e em ploy er sh ou ld a lso develop a n d ex-
p l a i n i n d e t a i l w h a t r e s c u e a n d m e d i c a l fi r s t
a i d d u t i e s a r e t o b e p e r fo r m e d a n d b y w h o m .
All em ploy ees a r e t o be t old wh a t a ct ion s
t h ey a r e t o t a k e in t h ese em er gen cy sit u a -
t ion s t h a t t h e em ploy er a n t icipa t es m a y
occu r in t h e wor k pla ce.
2. E m ergen cy ev a cu a t ion . A t t h e t i m e o f a n
em er gen cy , em ploy ees sh ou ld k n ow wh a t
t y pe of eva cu a t ion is n ecessa r y a n d wh a t
t h eir r ole is in ca r r y in g ou t t h e pla n . In
som e ca ses wh er e t h e em er gen cy is ver y
gr a ve, t ot a l a n d im m edia t e eva cu a t ion of a ll
em ploy ees is n ecessa r y . In ot h er em er -
gen cies, a pa r t ia l eva cu a t ion of n on essen t ia l
em ploy ees wit h a dela y ed eva cu a t ion of ot h -
e r s m a y b e n e c e s s a r y fo r c o n t i n u e d p l a n t o p -
er a t ion . In som e ca ses, on ly t h ose em ploy ees
i n t h e i m m e d i a t e a r e a o f t h e fi r e m a y b e e x -
p e c t e d t o e v a c u a t e o r m o v e t o a s a fe a r e a
s u c h a s w h e n a l o c a l a p p l i c a t i o n fi r e s u p p r e s -
sion sy st em disch a r ge em ploy ee a la r m is
sou n ded. E m ploy ees m u st be su r e t h a t t h ey
k n ow wh a t is expect ed of t h em in a ll su ch
em er gen cy possibilit ies wh ich h a ve been
pla n n ed in or der t o pr ovide a ssu r a n ce of
t h e i r s a fe t y fr o m fi r e o r o t h e r e m e r g e n c y .
T h e d e s i g n a t i o n o f r e fu g e o r s a fe a r e a s fo r
eva cu a t ion sh ou ld be det er m in ed a n d iden t i-
fi e d i n t h e p l a n . I n a b u i l d i n g d i v i d e d i n t o
fi r e zo n e s b y fi r e w a l l s , t h e r e fu g e a r e a m a y
s t i l l b e w i t h i n t h e s a m e b u i l d i n g b u t i n a d i f-
fe r e n t zo n e fr o m w h e r e t h e e m e r g e n c y o c -
cu r s.
E x t e r i o r r e fu g e o r s a fe a r e a s m a y i n c l u d e
p a r k i n g l o t s , o p e n fi e l d s o r s t r e e t s w h i c h a r e
l o c a t e d a w a y fr o m t h e s i t e o f t h e e m e r g e n c y
a n d w h i c h p r o v i d e s u ffi c i e n t s p a c e t o a c c o m -
m oda t e t h e em ploy ees. E m ploy ees sh ou ld be
i n s t r u c t e d t o m o v e a w a y fr o m t h e e x i t d i s -
ch a r ge door s of t h e bu ildin g, a n d t o a void
con gr ega t in g close t o t h e bu ildin g wh er e
t h ey m a y h a m per em er gen cy oper a t ion s.
3. E m ergen cy a ct ion p la n t ra in in g. T h e e m -
ploy er sh ou ld a ssu r e t h a t a n a dequ a t e n u m -
ber of em ploy ees a r e a va ila ble a t a ll t im es
du r in g wor k in g h ou r s t o a ct a s eva cu a t ion
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
w a r d e n s s o t h a t e m p l o y e e s c a n b e s w i ft l y
m o v e d fr o m t h e d a n g e r l o c a t i o n t o t h e s a fe
a r e a s . G e n e r a l l y , o n e w a r d e n fo r e a c h t w e n t y
em ploy ees in t h e wor k pla ce sh ou ld be a ble t o
pr ovide a dequ a t e gu ida n ce a n d in st r u ct ion a t
t h e t i m e o f a fi r e e m e r g e n c y . T h e e m p l o y e e s
select ed or wh o volu n t eer t o ser ve a s wa r -
den s sh ou ld be t r a in ed in t h e com plet e wor k -
pla ce la y ou t a n d t h e va r iou s a lt er n a t ive es-
c a p e r o u t e s fr o m t h e w o r k p l a c e . A l l w a r d e n s
a n d fe l l o w e m p l o y e e s s h o u l d b e m a d e a w a r e
of h a n dica pped em ploy ees wh o m a y n eed
ext r a a ssist a n ce, su ch a s u sin g t h e bu ddy
s y s t e m , a n d o f h a za r d o u s a r e a s t o b e a v o i d e d
d u r i n g e m e r g e n c i e s . B e fo r e l e a v i n g , w a r d e n s
sh ou ld ch eck r oom s a n d ot h er en closed
s p a c e s i n t h e w o r k p l a c e fo r e m p l o y e e s w h o
m a y be t r a pped or ot h er wise u n a ble t o eva c-
u a t e t h e a r ea .
A ft e r t h e d e s i r e d d e g r e e o f e v a c u a t i o n i s
com plet ed, t h e wa r den s sh ou ld be a ble t o a c-
c o u n t fo r o r o t h e r w i s e v e r i fy t h a t a l l e m -
p l o y e e s a r e i n t h e s a fe a r e a s .
In bu ildin gs wit h sever a l pla ces of em ploy -
m en t , em ploy er s a r e en cou r a ged t o coor di-
n a t e t h eir pla n s wit h t h e ot h er em ploy er s in
t h e b u i l d i n g . A b u i l d i n g -w i d e o r s t a n d a r d i ze d
p l a n fo r t h e w h o l e b u i l d i n g i s a c c e p t a b l e p r o -
v i d e d t h a t t h e e m p l o y e r s i n fo r m t h e i r r e -
spect ive em ploy ees of t h eir du t ies a n d r e-
spon sibilit ies u n der t h e pla n . T h e st a n da r d-
i ze d p l a n n e e d n o t b e k e p t b y e a c h e m p l o y e r
i n t h e m u l t i -e m p l o y e r b u i l d i n g , p r o v i d e d
t h er e is a n a ccessible loca t ion wit h in t h e
bu ildin g wh er e t h e pla n ca n be r eviewed by
a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s . Wh e n m u l t i -e m p l o y e r
b u i l d i n g -w i d e p l a n s a r e n o t fe a s i b l e , e m p l o y -
er s sh ou ld coor din a t e t h eir pla n s wit h t h e
ot h er em ploy er s wit h in t h e bu ildin g t o a s-
s u r e t h a t c o n fl i c t s a n d c o n fu s i o n a r e a v o i d e d
d u r i n g t i m e s o f e m e r g e n c i e s . I n m u l t i -s t o r y
bu ildin gs wh er e m or e t h a n on e em ploy er is
o n a s i n g l e fl o o r , i t i s e s s e n t i a l t h a t t h e s e
em ploy er s coor din a t e t h eir pla n s wit h ea ch
o t h e r t o a v o i d c o n fl i c t s a n d c o n fu s i o n .
4. F ire p rev en t ion h ou sek eep in g. T h e s t a n d -
a r d c a l l s fo r t h e c o n t r o l o f a c c u m u l a t i o n s o f
fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s t i b l e w a s t e m a t e r i a l s .
It is t h e in t en t of t h is st a n da r d t o a ssu r e
t h a t h a za r d o u s a c c u m u l a t i o n s o f c o m b u s -
t ible wa st e m a t er ia ls a r e con t r olled so t h a t
a fa s t d e v e l o p i n g fi r e , r a p i d s p r e a d o f t o x i c
sm ok e, or a n explosion will n ot occu r . T h is
does n ot n ecessa r ily m ea n t h a t ea ch r oom
h a s t o be swept ea ch da y . E m ploy er s a n d em -
p l o y e e s s h o u l d b e a w a r e o f t h e h a za r d o u s
pr oper t ies of m a t er ia ls in t h eir wor k pla ces,
a n d t h e d e g r e e o f h a za r d e a c h p o s e s . Ce r -
t a i n l y o i l s o a k e d r a g s h a v e t o b e t r e a t e d d i f-
fe r e n t l y t h a n g e n e r a l p a p e r t r a s h i n o ffi c e
a r ea s. However , la r ge a ccu m u la t ion s of
w a s t e p a p e r o r c o r r u g a t e d b o x e s , e t c ., c a n
p o s e a s i g n i fi c a n t fi r e h a za r d . A c c u m u l a t i o n s
o f m a t e r i a l s w h i c h c a n c a u s e l a r g e fi r e s o r
gen er a t e den se sm ok e t h a t a r e ea sily ign it ed
o r m a y s t a r t fr o m s p o n t a n e o u s c o m b u s t i o n ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a r e t h e t y pes of m a t er ia ls wit h wh ich t h is
152
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00162 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
st a n da r d is con cer n ed. S u ch com bu st ible m a -
t er ia ls m a y be ea sily ign it ed by m a t ch es,
w e l d e r ’s s p a r k s , c i g a r e t t e s a n d s i m i l a r l o w
level en er gy ign it ion sou r ces.
5. M a in t en a n ce of equ ip m en t u n d er t h e f ire
p rev en t ion p la n . Ce r t a i n e q u i p m e n t i s o ft e n
in st a lled in wor k pla ces t o con t r ol h ea t
s o u r c e s o r t o d e t e c t fu e l l e a k s . A n e x a m p l e i s
a t e m p e r a t u r e l i m i t s w i t c h o ft e n fo u n d o n
d e e p -fa t fo o d fr y e r s fo u n d i n r e s t a u r a n t s .
T h e r e m a y b e s i m i l a r s w i t c h e s fo r h i g h t e m -
p e r a t u r e d i p t a n k s , o r fl a m e fa i l u r e a n d
fl a s h b a c k a r r e s t e r d e v i c e s o n fu r n a c e s a n d
sim ila r h ea t pr odu cin g equ ipm en t . If t h ese
devices a r e n ot pr oper ly m a in t a in ed or if
t h e y b e c o m e i n o p e r a t i v e , a d e fi n i t e fi r e h a z-
a r d exist s. Aga in em ploy ees a n d su per visor s
s h o u l d b e a w a r e o f t h e s p e c i fi c t y p e o f c o n -
t r ol devices on equ ipm en t in volved wit h
com bu st ible m a t er ia ls in t h e wor k pla ce a n d
sh ou ld m a k e su r e, t h r ou gh per iodic in spec-
t ion or t est in g, t h a t t h ese con t r ols a r e oper -
a ble. M a n u fa c t u r e r s ’ r ecom m en da t ion s
s h o u l d b e fo l l o w e d t o a s s u r e p r o p e r m a i n t e -
n a n ce pr ocedu r es.
[45 F R 60714, S e p t . 12, 1980]
Subpart F—Powered Platforms,
Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mount-
ed Work Platforms
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), o r 1–90 (55 F R 9033),
a s a p p l i c a b l e ; a n d 29 CF R p a r t 1911.
E F F E CT I V E D A T E N OT E : A t 72 F R 7190, F e b .
14, 2007, t h e a u t h o r i t y c i t a t i o n t o S u b p a r t F
w a s r e v i s e d , e ffe c t i v e A u g . 13, 2007. F o r t h e
con ven ien ce of t h e u ser , t h e r evised t ext is
s e t fo r t h a s fo l l o w s :
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), o r
5–2002 (67 F R 65008), a s a p p l i c a b l e ; a n d 29 CF R
p a r t 1911.
§ 1910.66 Powered platforms for build-
ing maintenance.
(a ) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n c o v e r s p o w e r e d
p l a t fo r m in st a lla t ion s per m a n en t ly
dedica t ed t o in t er ior or ext er ior bu ild-
i n g m a i n t e n a n c e o f a s p e c i fi c s t r u c t u r e
or gr ou p of st r u ct u r es. T h is sect ion
d o e s n o t a p p l y t o s u s p e n d e d s c a ffo l d s
(s w i n g i n g s c a ffo l d s ) u s e d t o s e r v i c e
bu ildin gs on a t em por a r y ba sis a n d
cover ed u n der su bpa r t D of t h is pa r t ,
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
n o r t o s u s p e n d e d s c a ffo l d s u s e d fo r c o n -
st r u ct ion wor k a n d cover ed u n der su b-
p a r t L o f 29 CF R p a r t 1926. B u i l d i n g
m a in t en a n ce in clu des, bu t is n ot lim -
it ed t o, su ch t a sk s a s win dow clea n in g,
ca u lk in g, m et a l polish in g a n d r e-
g l a zi n g .
(b ) A p p lica t ion —(1) N ew in st a lla t ion s.
T h is sect ion a pplies t o a ll per m a n en t
i n s t a l l a t i o n s c o m p l e t e d a ft e r J u l y 23,
1990. M a j o r m o d i fi c a t i o n s t o e x i s t i n g
i n s t a l l a t i o n s c o m p l e t e d a ft e r t h a t d a t e
a r e a lso con sider ed n ew in st a lla t ion s
u n der t h is sect ion .
(2) E x ist in g in st a lla t ion s. (i ) P e r m a -
n e n t i n s t a l l a t i o n s i n e x i s t e n c e a n d /o r
c o m p l e t e d b e fo r e J u l y 23, 1990 s h a l l
c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (g ), (h ), (i ), (j )
a n d a ppen dix C of t h is sect ion .
(i i ) I n a d d i t i o n , p e r m a n e n t i n s t a l l a -
t i o n s c o m p l e t e d a ft e r A u g u s t 27, 1971,
a n d i n e x i s t e n c e a n d /o r c o m p l e t e d b e -
fo r e J u l y 23, 1990, s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h a p -
pen dix D of t h is sect ion .
(c ) A ssu ra n ce. (1) B u i l d i n g o w n e r s o f
n e w i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l i n fo r m t h e e m -
p l o y e r b e fo r e e a c h u s e i n w r i t i n g t h a t
t h e in st a lla t ion m eet s t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (e )(1) a n d (f)(1) o f
t h is sect ion a n d t h e a ddit ion a l design
cr it er ia con t a in ed in ot h er pr ovision s
o f p a r a g r a p h s (e ) a n d (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
r ela t in g t o: r equ ir ed loa d su st a in in g
c a p a b i l i t i e s o f p l a t fo r m s , b u i l d i n g c o m -
pon en t s, h oist in g a n d su ppor t in g equ ip-
m e n t ; s t a b i l i t y fa c t o r s fo r c a r r i a g e s ,
p l a t fo r m s a n d s u p p o r t i n g e q u i p m e n t ;
m a x i m u m h o r i zo n t a l fo r c e fo r m o v e -
m en t of ca r r ia ges a n d da vit s; design of
ca r r ia ges, h oist in g m a ch in es, wir e r ope
a n d s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m s ; a n d d e s i g n
c r i t e r i a fo r e l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d e q u i p -
m en t .
(2) B u i l d i n g o w n e r s s h a l l b a s e t h e i n -
fo r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)
o f t h i s s e c t i o n o n t h e r e s u l t s o f a fi e l d
t e s t o f t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n b e fo r e b e i n g
p l a c e d i n t o s e r v i c e a n d fo l l o w i n g a n y
m a jor a lt er a t ion t o a n exist in g in st a l-
l a t i o n , a s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(1)
of t h is sect ion . T h e a ssu r a n ce sh a ll
a lso be ba sed on a ll ot h er r eleva n t
a v a i l a b l e i n fo r m a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g , b u t
n ot lim it ed t o, t est da t a , equ ipm en t
s p e c i fi c a t i o n s a n d v e r i fi c a t i o n b y a
r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r .
(3) B u i l d i n g o w n e r s o f a l l i n s t a l l a -
t i o n s , n e w a n d e x i s t i n g , s h a l l i n fo r m
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e em ploy er in wr it in g t h a t t h e in -
153
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00163 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
st a lla t ion h a s been in spect ed, t est ed
a n d m a in t a in ed in com plia n ce wit h t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (g ) a n d (h )
of t h is sect ion a n d t h a t a ll pr ot ect ion
a n ch or a ges m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h (I )(c )(10) o f a p p e n d i x C.
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l n o t p e r m i t
em ploy ees t o u se t h e in st a lla t ion pr ior
t o r e c e i v i n g a s s u r a n c e fr o m t h e b u i l d -
in g own er t h a t t h e in st a lla t ion m eet s
t h e r equ ir em en t s con t a in ed in pa r a -
g r a p h s (c )(1) a n d (c )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(d ) D ef in it ion s.
A n em om et er m e a n s a n i n s t r u m e n t fo r
m ea su r in g win d velocit y .
A n gu la t ed rop in g m e a n s a s u s p e n s i o n
m et h od wh er e t h e u pper poin t of su s-
p e n s i o n i s i n b o a r d fr o m t h e a t t a c h -
m en t s on t h e su spen ded u n it , t h u s
ca u sin g t h e su spen ded u n it t o bea r
a g a i n s t t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g .
B u ild in g f a ce roller m e a n s a r o t a t i n g
cy lin dr ica l m em ber design ed t o r ide on
t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g w a l l t o p r e v e n t
t h e p l a t fo r m fr o m a b r a d i n g t h e fa c e o f
t h e b u i l d i n g a n d t o a s s i s t i n s t a b i l i zi n g
t h e p l a t fo r m .
B u ild in g m a in t en a n ce m e a n s o p e r -
a t ion s su ch a s win dow clea n in g, ca u lk -
i n g , m e t a l p o l i s h i n g , r e g l a zi n g , a n d
gen er a l m a in t en a n ce on bu ildin g su r -
fa c e s .
Ca ble m e a n s a c o n d u c t o r , o r g r o u p o f
con du ct or s, en closed in a wea t h er pr oof
sh ea t h , t h a t m a y be u sed t o su pply
e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r a n d /o r c o n t r o l c u r r e n t
fo r e q u i p m e n t o r t o p r o v i d e v o i c e c o m -
m u n ica t ion cir cu it s.
Ca rria ge m e a n s a w h e e l e d v e h i c l e
u s e d fo r t h e h o r i zo n t a l m o v e m e n t a n d
su ppor t of ot h er equ ipm en t .
Cert if ica t ion m e a n s a w r i t t e n , s i g n e d
a n d d a t e d s t a t e m e n t c o n fi r m i n g t h e
p e r fo r m a n c e o f a r e q u i r e m e n t o f t h i s
sect ion .
Com bin a t ion ca ble m e a n s a c a b l e h a v -
in g bot h st eel st r u ct u r a l m em ber s ca -
p a b l e o f s u p p o r t i n g t h e p l a t fo r m , a n d
copper or ot h er elect r ica l con du ct or s
i n s u l a t e d fr o m e a c h o t h e r a n d t h e
st r u ct u r a l m em ber s by n on con du ct ive
ba r r ier s.
Com p et en t p erson m e a n s a p e r s o n w h o ,
beca u se of t r a in in g a n d exper ien ce, is
c a p a b l e o f i d e n t i fy i n g h a za r d o u s o r
da n ger ou s con dit ion s in power ed pla t -
fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d o f t r a i n i n g e m -
p l o y e e s t o i d e n t i fy s u c h c o n d i t i o n s .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
Con t in u ou s p ressu re m e a n s t h e n e e d
fo r c o n s t a n t m a n u a l a c t u a t i o n fo r a
c o n t r o l t o fu n c t i o n .
Con t rol m e a n s a m e c h a n i s m u s e d t o
r egu la t e or gu ide t h e oper a t ion of t h e
equ ipm en t .
D a v it m e a n s a d e v i c e , u s e d s i n g l y o r
i n p a i r s , fo r s u s p e n d i n g a p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m fr o m w o r k , s t o r a g e a n d r i g g i n g
loca t ion s on t h e bu ildin g bein g ser v-
iced. Un lik e ou t r igger s, a da vit r ea ct s
it s oper a t in g loa d in t o a sin gle r oof
sock et or ca r r ia ge a t t a ch m en t .
E qu iv a len t m e a n s a l t e r n a t i v e d e s i g n s ,
m a t er ia ls or m et h ods wh ich t h e em -
ploy er ca n dem on st r a t e will pr ovide a n
e q u a l o r g r e a t e r d e g r e e o f s a fe t y fo r
em ploy ees t h a n t h e m et h ods, m a t er ia ls
o r d e s i g n s s p e c i fi e d i n t h e s t a n d a r d .
Grou n d riggin g m e a n s a m e t h o d o f
s u s p e n d i n g a w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s t a r t -
i n g fr o m a s a fe s u r fa c e t o a p o i n t o f
s u s p e n s i o n a b o v e t h e s a fe s u r fa c e .
Grou n d rigged d a v it m e a n s a d a v i t
wh ich ca n n ot be u sed t o r a ise a su s-
p e n d e d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m a b o v e t h e
b u i l d i n g fa c e b e i n g s e r v i c e d .
Gu id e bu t t on m e a n s a b u i l d i n g fa c e
a n ch or design ed t o en ga ge a gu ide
t r a c k m o u n t e d o n a p l a t fo r m .
Gu id e roller m e a n s a r o t a t i n g c y l i n -
dr ica l m em ber , oper a t in g sepa r a t ely or
a s pa r t of a gu ide a ssem bly , design ed t o
pr ovide con t in u ou s en ga gem en t be-
t w e e n t h e p l a t fo r m a n d t h e b u i l d i n g
gu ides or gu idewa y s.
Gu id e sh oe m e a n s a d e v i c e a t t a c h e d
t o t h e p l a t fo r m d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e a
s l i d i n g c o n t a c t b e t w e e n t h e p l a t fo r m
a n d t h e bu ildin g gu ides.
H oist in g m a ch in e m e a n s a d e v i c e i n -
t en ded t o r a ise a n d lower a su spen ded
or su ppor t ed u n it .
H oist ra t ed loa d m e a n s t h e h o i s t m a n -
u fa c t u r e r ’s m a x i m u m a l l o w a b l e o p e r -
a t in g loa d.
I n st a lla t ion m e a n s a l l t h e e q u i p m e n t
a n d a l l a ffe c t e d p a r t s o f a b u i l d i n g
w h i c h a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p e r fo r m -
a n ce of bu ildin g m a in t en a n ce u sin g
p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s .
I n t erlock m e a n s a d e v i c e d e s i g n e d t o
en su r e t h a t oper a t ion s or m ot ion s
occu r in pr oper sequ en ce.
I n t erm it t en t st a biliz a t ion m e a n s a
m e t h o d o f p l a t fo r m s t a b i l i za t i o n i n
wh ich t h e a n gu la t ed su spen sion wir e
r o p e (s ) a r e s e c u r e d t o r e g u l a r l y s p a c e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
bu ildin g a n ch or s.
154
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
L a n y a rd m e a n s a fl e x i b l e l i n e o f r o p e ,
wir e r ope or st r a p wh ich is u sed t o se-
cu r e t h e body belt or body h a r n ess t o a
d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e , l i fe l i n e o r a n c h o r -
a ge.
L if elin e m e a n s a c o m p o n e n t c o n -
s i s t i n g o f a fl e x i b l e l i n e fo r c o n n e c t i o n
t o a n a n ch or a ge a t on e en d t o h a n g
v e r t i c a l l y (v e r t i c a l l i fe l i n e ), o r fo r c o n -
n ect ion t o a n ch or a ges a t bot h en ds t o
s t r e t c h h o r i zo n t a l l y (h o r i zo n t a l l i fe -
l i n e ), a n d w h i c h s e r v e s a s a m e a n s fo r
con n ect in g ot h er com pon en t s of a per -
s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m t o t h e a n c h o r -
a ge.
L iv e loa d m e a n s t h e t o t a l s t a t i c
weigh t of wor k er s, t ools, pa r t s, a n d
su pplies t h a t t h e equ ipm en t is design ed
t o su ppor t .
O bst ru ct ion d et ect or m e a n s a c o n t r o l
t h a t will st op t h e su spen ded or su p-
por t ed u n it in t h e dir ect ion of t r a vel if
a n obst r u ct ion is en cou n t er ed, a n d will
a llow t h e u n it t o m ove on ly in a dir ec-
t i o n a w a y fr o m t h e o b s t r u c t i o n .
O p era t in g con t rol m e a n s a m e c h a n i s m
r egu la t in g or gu idin g t h e oper a t ion of
e q u i p m e n t t h a t e n s u r e s a s p e c i fi c o p e r -
a t in g m ode.
O p era t in g d ev ice m e a n s a d e v i c e a c t u -
a t ed m a n u a lly t o a ct iva t e a con t r ol.
O u t rigger m e a n s a d e v i c e , u s e d s i n g l y
o r i n p a i r s , fo r s u s p e n d i n g a w o r k i n g
p l a t fo r m fr o m w o r k , s t o r a g e , a n d r i g -
gin g loca t ion s on t h e bu ildin g bein g
ser viced. Un lik e da vit s, a n ou t r igger
r ea ct s it s oper a t in g m om en t loa d a s a t
lea st t wo opposin g ver t ica l com pon en t s
a ct in g in t o t wo or m or e dist in ct r oof
p o i n t s a n d /o r a t t a c h m e n t s .
P la t f orm ra t ed loa d m e a n s t h e c o m -
bin ed weigh t of wor k er s, t ools, equ ip-
m en t a n d ot h er m a t er ia l wh ich is per -
m it t ed t o be ca r r ied by t h e wor k in g
p l a t fo r m a t t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n , a s s t a t e d
on t h e loa d r a t in g pla t e.
P ou red sock et m e a n s t h e m e t h o d o f
pr ovidin g wir e r ope t er m in a t ion s in
wh ich t h e en ds of t h e r ope a r e h eld in
a t a per ed sock et by m ea n s of pou r ed
spelt er or r esin s.
P rim a ry bra k e m e a n s a b r a k e d e s i g n e d
t o be a pplied a u t om a t ica lly wh en ever
power t o t h e pr im e m over is in t er -
r u pt ed or discon t in u ed.
P rim e m ov er m e a n s t h e s o u r c e o f m e -
c h a n i c a l p o w e r fo r a m a c h i n e .
R a t ed loa d m e a n s t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s
r ecom m en ded m a xim u m loa d.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
R a t ed st ren gt h m e a n s t h e s t r e n g t h o f
wir e r ope, a s design a t ed by it s m a n u -
fa c t u r e r o r v e n d o r , b a s e d o n s t a n d a r d
t est in g pr ocedu r es or a ccept a ble en gi-
n eer in g design pr a ct ices.
R a t ed w ork in g loa d m e a n s t h e c o m -
bin ed st a t ic weigh t of m en , m a t er ia ls,
a n d su spen ded or su ppor t ed equ ipm en t .
R egist ered p rof ession a l en gin eer m e a n s
a per son wh o h a s been du ly a n d cu r -
r en t ly r egist er ed a n d licen sed by a n a u -
t h or it y wit h in t h e Un it ed S t a t es or it s
t e r r i t o r i e s t o p r a c t i c e t h e p r o fe s s i o n o f
en gin eer in g.
R oof p ow ered p la t f orm m e a n s a w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m w h e r e t h e h o i s t (s ) u s e d t o
r a i s e o r l o w e r t h e p l a t fo r m i s l o c a t e d
o n t h e r o o f.
R oof rigged d a v it m e a n s a d a v i t u s e d
t o r a ise t h e su spen ded wor k in g pla t -
fo r m a b o v e t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e b e i n g
ser viced. T h is t y pe of da vit ca n a lso be
u sed t o r a ise a su spen ded wor k in g pla t -
fo r m w h i c h h a s b e e n g r o u n d -r i g g e d .
R op e m e a n s t h e e q u i p m e n t u s e d t o
su spen d a com pon en t of a n equ ipm en t
i n s t a l l a t i o n , i .e ., w i r e r o p e .
S a f e su rf a ce m e a n s a h o r i zo n t a l s u r -
fa c e i n t e n d e d t o b e o c c u p i e d b y p e r -
s o n n e l , w h i c h i s s o p r o t e c t e d b y a fa l l
pr ot ect ion sy st em t h a t it ca n be r ea -
son a bly a ssu r ed t h a t sa id occu pa n t s
w i l l b e p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t fa l l s .
S econ d a ry bra k e m e a n s a b r a k e d e -
sign ed t o a r r est t h e descen t of t h e su s-
pen ded or su ppor t ed equ ipm en t in t h e
even t of a n over speed con dit ion .
S elf p ow ered p la t f orm m e a n s a w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m w h e r e t h e h o i s t (s ) u s e d t o
r a i s e o r l o w e r t h e p l a t fo r m i s m o u n t e d
o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
S p eed red u cer m e a n s a p o s i t i v e t y p e
speed r edu cin g m a ch in e.
S t a bilit y f a ct or m e a n s t h e r a t i o o f t h e
s t a b i l i zi n g m o m e n t t o t h e o v e r t u r n i n g
m om en t .
S t a biliz er t ie m e a n s a fl e x i b l e l i n e
con n ect in g t h e bu ildin g a n ch or a n d t h e
su spen sion wir e r ope su ppor t in g t h e
p l a t fo r m .
S u p p ort ed equ ip m en t m e a n s b u i l d i n g
m a in t en a n ce equ ipm en t t h a t is h eld or
m oved t o it s wor k in g posit ion by
m ea n s of a t t a ch m en t dir ect ly t o t h e
bu ildin g or ext en sion s of t h e bu ildin g
bein g m a in t a in ed.
S u sp en d ed equ ip m en t m e a n s b u i l d i n g
m a in t en a n ce equ ipm en t t h a t is su s-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pen ded a n d r a ised or lower ed t o it s
155
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00165 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
wor k in g posit ion by m ea n s of r opes or
com bin a t ion ca bles a t t a ch ed t o som e
a n ch or a ge a bove t h e equ ipm en t .
S u sp en d ed sca f f old (sw in gin g sca f f old )
m e a n s a s c a ffo l d s u p p o r t e d o n w i r e o r
o t h e r r o p e s , u s e d fo r w o r k o n , o r fo r
pr ovidin g a ccess t o, ver t ica l sides of
st r u ct u r es on a t em por a r y ba sis. S u ch
s c a ffo l d i s n o t d e s i g n e d fo r u s e o n a
s p e c i fi c s t r u c t u r e o r g r o u p o f s t r u c -
t u r es.
T a il lin e m e a n s t h e n o n s u p p o r t i n g
en d of t h e wir e r ope u sed t o su spen d
t h e p l a t fo r m .
T ie-in gu id es m e a n s t h e p o r t i o n o f a
bu ildin g t h a t pr ovides con t in u ou s posi-
t ive en ga gem en t bet ween t h e bu ildin g
a n d a su spen ded or su ppor t ed u n it du r -
i n g i t s v e r t i c a l t r a v e l o n t h e fa c e o f t h e
bu ildin g.
T ra ct ion h oist m e a n s a t y p e o f h o i s t -
in g m a ch in e t h a t does n ot a ccu m u la t e
t h e su spen sion wir e r ope on t h e h oist -
in g dr u m or sh ea ve, a n d is design ed t o
r a ise a n d lower a su spen ded loa d by t h e
a p p l i c a t i o n o f fr i c t i o n fo r c e s b e t w e e n
t h e su spen sion wir e r ope a n d t h e dr u m
or sh ea ve.
T ra n sp ort a ble ou t riggers m e a n s o u t -
r i g g e r s d e s i g n e d t o b e m o v e d fr o m o n e
wor k loca t ion t o a n ot h er .
T rolley ca rria ge m e a n s a c a r r i a g e s u s -
p e n d e d fr o m a n o v e r h e a d t r a c k s t r u c -
t u r e.
V erif ied m e a n s a c c e p t e d b y d e s i g n ,
eva lu a t ion , or in spect ion by a r eg-
i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r .
W ea t h erp roof m e a n s s o c o n s t r u c t e d
t h a t exposu r e t o a dver se wea t h er con -
d i t i o n s w i l l n o t a ffe c t o r i n t e r fe r e w i t h
t h e p r o p e r u s e o r fu n c t i o n s o f t h e
equ ipm en t or com pon en t .
W in d in g d ru m h oist m e a n s a t y p e o f
h oist in g m a ch in e t h a t a ccu m u la t es t h e
su spen sion wir e r ope on t h e h oist in g
dr u m .
W ork in g p la t f orm m e a n s s u s p e n d e d o r
su ppor t ed equ ipm en t in t en ded t o pr o-
v i d e a c c e s s t o t h e fa c e o f a b u i l d i n g a n d
m a n n ed by per son s en ga ged in bu ildin g
m a in t en a n ce.
W ra p m e a n s o n e c o m p l e t e t u r n o f t h e
su spen sion wir e r ope a r ou n d t h e su r -
fa c e o f a h o i s t d r u m .
(e ) P ow ered p la t f orm in st a lla t ion s— A f -
f ect ed p a rt s of bu ild in gs—(1) Gen era l re-
qu irem en t s. T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s
a p p l y t o a ffe c t e d p a r t s o f b u i l d i n g s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
w h i c h u t i l i ze w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s fo r
bu ildin g m a in t en a n ce.
(i ) S t r u c t u r a l s u p p o r t s , t i e -d o w n s ,
t i e -i n g u i d e s , a n c h o r i n g d e v i c e s a n d
a n y a ffe c t e d p a r t s o f t h e b u i l d i n g i n -
clu ded in t h e in st a lla t ion sh a ll be de-
sign ed by or u n der t h e dir ect ion of a
r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r e x p e r i -
en ced in su ch design ;
(i i ) E x t e r i o r i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l b e c a -
pa ble of wit h st a n din g pr eva ilin g cli-
m a t ic con dit ion s;
(i i i ) T h e b u i l d i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n s h a l l
p r o v i d e s a fe a c c e s s t o , a n d e g r e s s fr o m ,
t h e e q u i p m e n t a n d s u ffi c i e n t s p a c e t o
con du ct n ecessa r y m a in t en a n ce of t h e
equ ipm en t ;
(i v ) T h e a ffe c t e d p a r t s o f t h e b u i l d i n g
sh a ll h a ve t h e ca pa bilit y of su st a in in g
a ll t h e loa ds im posed by t h e equ ip-
m en t ; a n d,
(v ) T h e a ffe c t e d p a r t s o f t h e b u i l d i n g
sh a ll be design ed so a s t o a llow t h e
equ ipm en t t o be u sed wit h ou t exposin g
e m p l o y e e s t o a h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n .
(2) T ie-in gu id es. (i ) T h e e x t e r i o r o f
ea ch bu ildin g sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
t i e -i n g u i d e s u n l e s s t h e c o n d i t i o n s i n
p a r a g r a p h (e )(2)(i i ) o r (e )(2)(i i i ) o f t h i s
sect ion a r e m et .
N OT E : S e e F i g u r e 1 i n a p p e n d i x B o f t h i s
s e c t i o n fo r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a t y p i c a l c o n t i n -
u o u s s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m u t i l i zi n g t i e -i n
gu ides.
(i i ) I f a n g u l a t e d r o p i n g i s e m p l o y e d ,
t i e -i n g u i d e s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(e )(2)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n m a y b e e l i m i -
n a t e d fo r n o t m o r e t h a n 75 fe e t (22.9 m )
of t h e u pper m ost eleva t ion of t h e
b u i l d i n g , i f i n fe a s i b l e d u e t o e x t e r i o r
bu ildin g design , pr ovided a n a n gu la t ion
fo r c e o f a t l e a s t 10 p o u n d s (44.4 n ) i s
m a in t a in ed u n der a ll con dit ion s of
loa din g.
(i i i ) T i e -i n g u i d e s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h (e )(2)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n m a y b e
elim in a t ed if on e of t h e gu ide sy st em s
i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(2)(i i i )(A ), (e )(2)(i i i )(B )
o r (e )(2)(i i i )(C) o f t h i s s e c t i o n i s p r o -
vided, or a n equ iva len t .
(A ) I n t e r m i t t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s -
t em . T h e sy st em sh a ll k eep t h e equ ip-
m en t in con t in u ou s con t a ct wit h t h e
b u i l d i n g fa c a d e , a n d s h a l l p r e v e n t s u d -
d e n h o r i zo n t a l m o v e m e n t o f t h e p l a t -
fo r m . T h e s y s t e m m a y b e u s e d t o g e t h e r
wit h con t in u ou s posit ive bu ildin g gu ide
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s y s t e m s u s i n g t i e -i n g u i d e s o n t h e
156
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
sa m e bu ildin g, pr ovided t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s fo r e a c h s y s t e m a r e m e t .
(1) T h e m a x i m u m v e r t i c a l i n t e r v a l
bet ween bu ildin g a n ch or s sh a ll be t h r ee
fl o o r s o r 50 fe e t (15.3 m ), w h i c h e v e r i s
less.
(2) B u i l d i n g a n c h o r s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
ver t ica lly so t h a t a t t a ch m en t of t h e
s t a b i l i ze r t i e s w i l l n o t c a u s e t h e p l a t -
fo r m s u s p e n s i o n r o p e s t o a n g u l a t e t h e
p l a t fo r m h o r i zo n t a l l y a c r o s s t h e fa c e o f
t h e bu ildin g. T h e a n ch or s sh a ll be posi-
t i o n e d h o r i zo n t a l l y o n t h e b u i l d i n g
fa c e s o a s t o b e s y m m e t r i c a l a b o u t t h e
p l a t fo r m s u s p e n s i o n r o p e s .
(3) B u i l d i n g a n c h o r s s h a l l b e e a s i l y
visible t o em ploy ees a n d sh a ll a llow a
s t a b i l i ze r t i e a t t a c h m e n t fo r e a c h o f
t h e p l a t fo r m s u s p e n s i o n r o p e s a t e a c h
ver t ica l in t er va l. If m or e t h a n t wo su s-
p e n s i o n r o p e s a r e u s e d o n a p l a t fo r m ,
o n l y t h e t w o b u i l d i n g -s i d e s u s p e n s i o n
r o p e s a t t h e p l a t fo r m e n d s s h a l l r e q u i r e
a s t a b i l i ze r a t t a c h m e n t .
(4) B u i l d i n g a n c h o r s w h i c h e x t e n d b e -
y o n d t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g s h a l l b e
fr e e o f s h a r p e d g e s o r p o i n t s . Wh e r e c a -
b l e s , s u s p e n s i o n w i r e r o p e s a n d l i fe l i n e s
m a y be in con t a ct wit h t h e bu ildin g
fa c e , e x t e r n a l b u i l d i n g a n c h o r s s h a l l
n o t i n t e r fe r e w i t h t h e i r h a n d l i n g o r o p -
er a t ion .
(5) T h e i n t e r m i t t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n
sy st em bu ildin g a n ch or s a n d com po-
n en t s sh a ll be ca pa ble of su st a in in g
w i t h o u t fa i l u r e a t l e a s t fo u r t i m e s t h e
m a xim u m a n t icipa t ed loa d a pplied or
t r a n sm it t ed t o t h e com pon en t s a n d a n -
ch or s. T h e m in im u m design win d loa d
fo r e a c h a n c h o r s h a l l b e 300 (1334 n )
pou n ds, if t wo a n ch or s sh a r e t h e win d
loa d.
(6) T h e b u i l d i n g a n c h o r s a n d s t a -
b i l i ze r t i e s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f s u s -
t a i n i n g a n t i c i p a t e d h o r i zo n t a l a n d
v e r t i c a l l o a d s fr o m w i n d s s p e c i fi e d fo r
r oof st or a ge design wh ich m a y a ct on
t h e p l a t fo r m a n d w i r e r o p e s i f t h e p l a t -
fo r m i s s t r a n d e d o n a b u i l d i n g fa c e . I f
t h e b u i l d i n g a n c h o r s h a v e d i ffe r e n t
spa cin g t h a n t h e su spen sion wir e r ope
o r i f t h e b u i l d i n g r e q u i r e s d i ffe r e n t s u s -
p e n s i o n s p a c i n g s o n o n e p l a t fo r m , o n e
b u i l d i n g a n c h o r a n d s t a b i l i ze r t i e s h a l l
be ca pa ble of su st a in in g t h e win d loa ds.
N OT E : S e e F i g u r e 2 i n a p p e n d i x B o f t h i s
s e c t i o n fo r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a t y p i c a l i n t e r -
m i t t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(B ) B u t t o n g u i d e s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s -
t em .
(1) G u i d e b u t t o n s s h a l l b e c o o r d i -
n a t e d w i t h p l a t fo r m m o u n t e d e q u i p -
m e n t o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(5)(v i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(2) G u i d e b u t t o n s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
h o r i zo n t a l l y o n t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e s o a s
t o a llow en ga gem en t of ea ch of t h e
g u i d e t r a c k s m o u n t e d o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(3) G u i d e b u t t o n s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n
v e r t i c a l r o w s o n t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e fo r
pr oper en ga gem en t of t h e gu ide t r a ck s
m o u n t e d o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(4) T w o g u i d e b u t t o n s s h a l l e n g a g e
e a c h g u i d e t r a c k a t a l l t i m e s e x c e p t fo r
t h e in it ia l en ga gem en t .
(5) G u i d e b u t t o n s w h i c h e x t e n d b e -
y o n d t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g s h a l l b e
fr e e o f s h a r p e d g e s o r p o i n t s . Wh e r e c a -
b l e s , r o p e s a n d l i fe l i n e s m a y b e i n c o n -
t a c t w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e , g u i d e b u t -
t o n s s h a l l n o t i n t e r fe r e w i t h t h e i r h a n -
dlin g or oper a t ion .
(6) G u i d e b u t t o n s , c o n n e c t i o n s a n d
sea ls sh a ll be ca pa ble of su st a in in g
wit h ou t da m a ge a t lea st t h e weigh t of
t h e p l a t fo r m , o r p r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e
m a de in t h e gu ide t r a ck s or gu ide
t r a ck con n ect or s t o pr even t t h e pla t -
fo r m a n d i t s a t t a c h m e n t s fr o m t r a n s -
m i t t i n g t h e w e i g h t o f t h e p l a t fo r m t o
t h e gu ide bu t t on s, con n ect ion s a n d
sea ls. In eit h er ca se, t h e m in im u m de-
s i g n l o a d s h a l l b e 300 p o u n d s (1334 n )
per bu ildin g a n ch or .
N OT E : S e e p a r a g r a p h (f)(5)(v i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n fo r r e l e v a n t e q u i p m e n t p r o v i s i o n s .
N OT E : S e e F i g u r e 3 i n a p p e n d i x B o f t h i s
s e c t i o n fo r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a t y p i c a l b u t t o n
g u i d e s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m .
(C) S y s t e m u t i l i zi n g a n g u l a t e d r o p i n g
a n d b u i l d i n g fa c e r o l l e r s . T h e s y s t e m
sh a ll k eep t h e equ ipm en t in con t in u ou s
c o n t a c t w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g fa c a d e , a n d
s h a l l p r e v e n t s u d d e n h o r i zo n t a l m o v e -
m e n t o f t h e p l a t fo r m . T h i s s y s t e m i s
a ccept a ble on ly wh er e t h e su spen ded
por t ion of t h e equ ipm en t in u se does
n o t e x c e e d 130 fe e t (39.6 m ) a b o v e a s a fe
s u r fa c e o r g r o u n d l e v e l , a n d w h e r e t h e
p l a t fo r m m a i n t a i n s n o l e s s t h a n 10
p o u n d s (44.4 n ) a n g u l a t i o n fo r c e o n t h e
b u i l d i n g fa c a d e .
(i v ) T i e -i n g u i d e s fo r b u i l d i n g i n t e -
r i o r s (a t r i u m s ) m a y b e e l i m i n a t e d
w h e n a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r
det er m in es t h a t a n a lt er n a t ive st a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m , i n c l u d i n g s y s t e m s i n
157
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00167 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
p a r a g r a p h s (e )(2)(i i i ) (A ), (B ) a n d (C), o r
a p l a t fo r m t i e -o ff a t e a c h w o r k s t a t i o n
w i l l p r o v i d e e q u i v a l e n t s a fe t y .
(3) R oof gu a rd in g. (i ) E m p l o y e e s
w o r k i n g o n r o o fs w h i l e p e r fo r m i n g
bu ildin g m a in t en a n ce sh a ll be pr o-
t ect ed by a per im et er gu a r din g sy st em
wh ich m eet s t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a -
g r a p h (c )(1) o f § 1910.23 o f t h i s p a r t .
(i i ) T h e p e r i m e t e r g u a r d s h a l l n o t b e
m o r e t h a n s i x i n c h e s (152 m m ) i n b o a r d
o f t h e i n s i d e fa c e o f a b a r r i e r , i .e . t h e
pa r a pet wa ll, or r oof edge cu r b of t h e
bu ildin g bein g ser viced; h owever , t h e
per im et er gu a r d loca t ion sh a ll n ot ex-
c e e d a n 18 i n c h (457 m m ) s e t b a c k fr o m
t h e e x t e r i o r b u i l d i n g fa c e .
(4) E qu ip m en t st op s. Op e r a t i o n a l a r e a s
fo r t r a c k l e s s t y p e e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h st r u ct u r a l st ops, su ch a s
c u r b s , t o p r e v e n t e q u i p m e n t fr o m t r a v -
elin g ou t side it s in t en ded t r a vel a r ea s
a n d t o pr even t a cr u sh in g or sh ea r in g
h a za r d .
(5) M a in t en a n ce a ccess. M e a n s s h a l l b e
pr ovided t o t r a ver se a ll ca r r ia ges a n d
t h e i r s u s p e n d e d e q u i p m e n t t o a s a fe
a r e a fo r m a i n t e n a n c e a n d s t o r a g e .
(6) E lev a t ed t ra ck . (i ) A n e l e v a t e d
t r a c k s y s t e m w h i c h i s l o c a t e d fo u r fe e t
(1.2 m ) o r m o r e a b o v e a s a fe s u r fa c e ,
a n d t r a ver sed by ca r r ia ge su ppor t ed
equ ipm en t , sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a
wa lk wa y a n d gu a r dr a il sy st em ; or
(i i ) T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e c a -
pa ble of bein g lower ed, a s pa r t of it s
n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n , t o t h e l o w e r s a fe
s u r fa c e fo r a c c e s s a n d e g r e s s o f t h e p e r -
s o n n e l a n d s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a s a fe
m ea n s of a ccess a n d egr ess t o t h e lower
s a fe s u r fa c e .
(7) T ie-d ow n a n ch ors. I m b e d d e d t i e -
d o w n a n c h o r s , fa s t e n e r s , a n d a ffe c t e d
st r u ct u r es sh a ll be r esist a n t t o cor r o-
sion .
(8) Ca ble st a biliz a t ion . (i ) H a n g i n g l i fe -
lin es a n d a ll ca bles n ot in t en sion sh a ll
b e s t a b i l i ze d a t e a c h 200 fo o t (61 m ) i n -
t er va l of ver t ica l t r a vel of t h e wor k in g
p l a t fo r m b e y o n d a n i n i t i a l 200 fo o t (61
m ) dist a n ce.
(i i ) H a n g i n g c a b l e s , o t h e r t h a n s u s -
pen ded wir e r opes, wh ich a r e in con -
s t a n t t e n s i o n s h a l l b e s t a b i l i ze d w h e n
t h e ver t ica l t r a vel exceeds a n in it ia l
600 fo o t (183 m ) d i s t a n c e , a n d a t fu r t h e r
i n t e r v a l s o f 600 fe e t (183 m ) o r l e s s .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
(9) E m ergen cy p la n n in g. A w r i t t e n
em er gen cy a ct ion pla n sh a ll be devel-
o p e d a n d i m p l e m e n t e d fo r e a c h k i n d o f
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m o p e r a t i o n . T h i s p l a n
sh a ll expla in t h e em er gen cy pr ocedu r es
w h i c h a r e t o b e fo l l o w e d i n t h e e v e n t o f
a p o w e r fa i l u r e , e q u i p m e n t fa i l u r e o r
ot h er em er gen cies wh ich m a y be en -
cou n t er ed. T h e pla n sh a ll a lso expla in
t h a t e m p l o y e e s i n fo r m t h e m s e l v e s
a bou t t h e bu ildin g em er gen cy esca pe
r ou t es, pr ocedu r es a n d a la r m sy st em s
b e fo r e o p e r a t i n g a p l a t fo r m . U p o n i n i -
t ia l a ssign m en t a n d wh en ever t h e pla n
is ch a n ged t h e em ploy er sh a ll r eview
wit h ea ch em ploy ee t h ose pa r t s of t h e
pla n wh ich t h e em ploy ee m u st k n ow t o
pr ot ect h im self or h er self in t h e even t
of a n em er gen cy .
(10) B u ild in g m a in t en a n ce. R e p a i r s o r
m a jor m a in t en a n ce of t h ose bu ildin g
por t ion s t h a t pr ovide pr im a r y su ppor t
fo r t h e s u s p e n d e d e q u i p m e n t s h a l l n o t
a ffe c t t h e c a p a b i l i t y o f t h e b u i l d i n g t o
m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is st a n d-
a r d.
(11) E lect rica l requ irem en t s. T h e fo l -
lowin g elect r ica l r equ ir em en t s a pply t o
b u i l d i n g s w h i c h u t i l i ze w o r k i n g p l a t -
fo r m s fo r b u i l d i n g m a i n t e n a n c e .
(i ) G e n e r a l b u i l d i n g e l e c t r i c a l i n s t a l -
l a t i o n s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h §§ 1910.302
t h r o u g h 1910.308 o f t h i s p a r t , u n l e s s
o t h e r w i s e s p e c i fi e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i i ) B u i l d i n g e l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g s h a l l b e
o f s u c h c a p a c i t y t h a t w h e n fu l l l o a d i s
a pplied t o t h e equ ipm en t power cir cu it
n o t m o r e t h a n a fi v e p e r c e n t d r o p fr o m
b u i l d i n g s e r v i c e -v a u l t v o l t a g e s h a l l
occu r a t a n y power cir cu it ou t let u sed
by equ ipm en t r egu la t ed by t h is sec-
t ion ;
(i i i ) T h e e q u i p m e n t p o w e r c i r c u i t
sh a ll be a n in depen den t elect r ica l cir -
c u i t t h a t s h a l l r e m a i n s e p a r a t e fr o m
a ll ot h er equ ipm en t wit h in or on t h e
bu ildin g, ot h er t h a n power cir cu it s
u s e d fo r h a n d t o o l s t h a t w i l l b e u s e d i n
con ju n ct ion wit h t h e equ ipm en t . If t h e
bu ildin g is pr ovided wit h a n em er gen cy
power sy st em , t h e equ ipm en t power
cir cu it m a y a lso be con n ect ed t o t h is
sy st em ;
(i v ) T h e p o w e r c i r c u i t s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h a discon n ect swit ch t h a t
c a n b e l o c k e d i n t h e ‘‘OF F ’’ a n d ‘‘ON ’’
posit ion s. T h e swit ch sh a ll be con ven -
ien t ly loca t ed wit h r espect t o t h e pr i-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a r y oper a t in g a r ea of t h e equ ipm en t
158
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00168 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t o a llow t h e oper a t or s of t h e equ ip-
m en t a ccess t o t h e swit ch ;
(v ) T h e d i s c o n n e c t s w i t c h fo r t h e
power cir cu it sh a ll be lock ed in t h e
‘‘ON ’’ p o s i t i o n w h e n t h e e q u i p m e n t i s
in u se; a n d
(v i ) A n e ffe c t i v e t w o -w a y v o i c e c o m -
m u n ica t ion sy st em sh a ll be pr ovided
bet ween t h e equ ipm en t oper a t or s a n d
per son s st a t ion ed wit h in t h e bu ildin g
bein g ser viced. T h e com m u n ica t ion s
fa c i l i t y s h a l l b e o p e r a b l e a n d s h a l l b e
m a n n ed a t a ll t im es by per son s st a -
t ion ed wit h in t h e bu ildin g wh en ever
t h e p l a t fo r m i s b e i n g u s e d .
(f) P ow ered p la t f orm in st a lla t ion s—
E qu ip m en t —(1) Gen era l requ irem en t s.
T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
equ ipm en t wh ich a r e pa r t of a power ed
p l a t fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n , s u c h a s p l a t -
fo r m s , s t a b i l i zi n g c o m p o n e n t s , c a r -
r ia ges, ou t r igger s, da vit s, h oist in g m a -
ch in es, wir e r opes a n d elect r ica l com -
pon en t s.
(i ) E q u i p m e n t i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l b e
design ed by or u n der t h e dir ect ion of a
r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r e x p e r i -
en ced in su ch design ;
(i i ) T h e d e s i g n s h a l l p r o v i d e fo r a
m i n i m u m l i v e l o a d o f 250 p o u n d s (113.6
k g ) fo r e a c h o c c u p a n t o f a s u s p e n d e d o r
s u p p o r t e d p l a t fo r m ;
(i i i ) E q u i p m e n t t h a t i s e x p o s e d t o
win d wh en n ot in ser vice sh a ll be de-
s i g n e d t o w i t h s t a n d fo r c e s g e n e r a t e d
b y w i n d s o f a t l e a s t 100 m i l e s p e r h o u r
(44.7 m /s ) a t 30 fe e t (9.2 m ) a b o v e g r a d e ;
and
(i v ) E q u i p m e n t t h a t i s e x p o s e d t o
win d wh en in ser vice sh a ll be design ed
t o w i t h s t a n d fo r c e s g e n e r a t e d b y w i n d s
o f a t l e a s t 50 m i l e s p e r h o u r (22.4 m /s )
fo r a l l e l e v a t i o n s .
(2) Con st ru ct ion requ irem en t s. B o l t e d
c o n n e c t i o n s s h a l l b e s e l f-l o c k i n g o r
sh a ll ot h er wise be secu r ed t o pr even t
loss of t h e con n ect ion s by vibr a t ion .
(3) S u sp en sion m et h od s. E l e v a t e d
bu ildin g m a in t en a n ce equ ipm en t sh a ll
be su spen ded by a ca r r ia ge, ou t r igger s,
da vit s or a n equ iva len t m et h od.
(i ) Ca rria ges. Ca r r i a g e s u s e d fo r s u s -
pen sion of eleva t ed bu ildin g m a in t e-
n a n ce equ ipm en t sh a ll com ply wit h t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(A ) T h e h o r i zo n t a l m o v e m e n t o f a
ca r r ia ge sh a ll be con t r olled so a s t o en -
s u r e i t s s a fe m o v e m e n t a n d a l l o w a c c u -
r a t e p o s i t i o n i n g o f t h e p l a t fo r m fo r
ver t ica l t r a vel or st or a ge;
(B ) P o w e r e d c a r r i a g e s s h a l l n o t e x -
c e e d a t r a v e r s i n g s p e e d o f 50 fe e t p e r
m i n u t e (0.3 m /s );
(C) T h e i n i t i a t i o n o f a t r a v e r s i n g
m o v e m e n t fo r a m a n u a l l y p r o p e l l e d
c a r r i a g e o n a s m o o t h l e v e l s u r fa c e
sh a ll n ot r equ ir e a per son t o exer t a
h o r i zo n t a l fo r c e g r e a t e r t h a n 40 p o u n d s
(444.8 n );
(D ) S t r u c t u r a l s t o p s a n d c u r b s s h a l l
be pr ovided t o pr even t t h e t r a ver sin g
of t h e ca r r ia ge bey on d it s design ed lim -
it s of t r a vel;
(E ) T r a v e r s i n g c o n t r o l s fo r a p o w e r e d
ca r r ia ge sh a ll be of a con t in u ou s pr es-
su r e wea t h er pr oof t y pe. Mu lt iple con -
t r ols wh en pr ovided sh a ll be a r r a n ged
t o p e r m i t o p e r a t i o n fr o m o n l y o n e c o n -
t r ol st a t ion a t a t im e. An em er gen cy
st op device sh a ll be pr ovided on ea ch
e n d o f a p o w e r e d c a r r i a g e fo r i n t e r -
r u pt in g power t o t h e ca r r ia ge dr ive m o-
t or s;
(F ) T h e o p e r a t i n g c o n t r o l s (s ) s h a l l b e
so con n ect ed t h a t in t h e ca se of su s-
pen ded equ ipm en t , t r a ver sin g of a ca r -
r ia ge is n ot possible u n t il t h e su s-
pen ded por t ion of t h e equ ipm en t is lo-
ca t ed a t it s u pper m ost design ed posi-
t i o n fo r t r a v e r s i n g ; a n d i s fr e e o f c o n -
t a c t w i t h t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g o r
bu ildin g gu ides. In a ddit ion , a ll pr ot ec-
t ive devices a n d in t er lock s a r e t o be in
t h e pr oper posit ion t o a llow t r a ver sin g
of t h e ca r r ia ge;
(G ) S t a b i l i t y fo r u n d e r fo o t s u p p o r t e d
ca r r ia ges sh a ll be obt a in ed by gr a vit y ,
by a n a t t a ch m en t t o a st r u ct u r a l su p-
por t , or by a com bin a t ion of gr a vit y
a n d a st r u ct u r a l su ppor t . T h e u se of
fl o w i n g c o u n t e r w e i g h t s t o a c h i e v e s t a -
bilit y is pr oh ibit ed.
(1) T h e s t a b i l i t y fa c t o r a g a i n s t o v e r -
t u r n i n g s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n t w o fo r
h o r i zo n t a l t r a v e r s i n g o f t h e c a r r i a g e ,
i n c l u d i n g t h e e ffe c t s o f i m p a c t a n d
win d.
(2) T h e c a r r i a g e s a n d t h e i r a n c h o r -
a ges sh a ll be ca pa ble of r esist in g a cci-
d e n t a l o v e r -t e n s i o n i n g o f t h e w i r e
r o p e s s u s p e n d i n g t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m ,
a n d t h is ca lcu la t ed va lu e sh a ll in clu de
t h e e ffe c t o f o n e a n d o n e -h a l f t i m e s t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
st a ll ca pa cit y of t h e h oist m ot or . All
159
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00169 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
pa r t s of t h e in st a lla t ion sh a ll be ca pa -
ble of wit h st a n din g wit h ou t da m a ge t o
a n y p a r t o f t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n t h e fo r c e s
r e s u l t i n g fr o m t h e s t a l l l o a d o f t h e
h oist a n d on e h a lf t h e win d loa d.
(3) R o o f c a r r i a g e s w h i c h r e l y o n h a v -
i n g t i e -d o w n d e v i c e s s e c u r e d t o t h e
bu ildin g t o develop t h e r equ ir ed st a -
bilit y a ga in st over t u r n in g sh a ll be pr o-
vided wit h a n in t er lock wh ich will pr e-
v e n t v e r t i c a l p l a t fo r m m o v e m e n t u n -
l e s s t h e t i e -d o w n i s e n g a g e d ;
(H ) A n a u t o m a t i c a l l y a p p l i e d b r a k i n g
or lock in g sy st em , or equ iva len t , sh a ll
be pr ovided t h a t will pr even t u n in t en -
t ion a l t r a ver sin g of power t r a ver sed or
power a ssist ed ca r r ia ges;
(I ) A m a n u a l o r a u t o m a t i c b r a k i n g o r
lock in g sy st em or equ iva len t , sh a ll be
pr ovided t h a t will pr even t u n in t en -
t ion a l t r a ver sin g of m a n u a lly pr opelled
ca r r ia ges;
(J ) A m e a n s t o l o c k o u t t h e p o w e r
s u p p l y fo r t h e c a r r i a g e s h a l l b e p r o -
vided;
(K ) S a fe a c c e s s t o a n d e g r e s s fr o m
t h e c a r r i a g e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fr o m a
s a fe s u r fa c e . I f t h e c a r r i a g e t r a v e r s e s
a n eleva t ed a r ea , a n y oper a t in g a r ea on
t h e ca r r ia ge sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a
gu a r dr a il sy st em in com plia n ce wit h
t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(5)(i )(F )
of t h is sect ion . An y a ccess ga t e sh a ll
b e s e l f-c l o s i n g a n d s e l f-l a t c h i n g , o r p r o -
vided wit h a n in t er lock ;
(L ) E a c h c a r r i a g e w o r k s t a t i o n p o s i -
t i o n s h a l l b e i d e n t i fi e d b y l o c a t i o n
m a r k i n g s a n d /o r p o s i t i o n i n d i c a t o r s ;
and
(M ) T h e m o t o r s s h a l l s t a l l i f t h e l o a d
on t h e h oist m ot or s is a t a n y t im e in
e x c e s s o f t h r e e t i m e s t h a t n e c e s s a r y fo r
l i ft i n g t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m w i t h i t s
r a t ed loa d.
(i i ) T ra n sp ort a ble ou t riggers. (A )
T r a n spor t a ble ou t r igger s m a y be u sed
a s a m e t h o d o f s u s p e n s i o n fo r g r o u n d
r i g g e d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s w h e r e t h e
p o i n t o f s u s p e n s i o n d o e s n o t e x c e e d 300
fe e t (91.5 m ) a b o v e a s a fe s u r fa c e . T i e -
i n g u i d e s y s t e m (s ) s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wh ich m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a -
g r a p h (e )(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(B ) T r a n s p o r t a b l e o u t r i g g e r s s h a l l b e
u s e d o n l y w i t h s e l f-p o w e r e d , g r o u n d
r i g g e d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s .
(C) E a c h t r a n s p o r t a b l e o u t r i g g e r
s h a l l b e s e c u r e d w i t h a t i e -d o w n t o a
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
v e r i fi e d a n c h o r a g e o n t h e b u i l d i n g d u r -
in g t h e en t ir e per iod of it s u se. T h e a n -
ch or a ge sh a ll be design ed t o h a ve a st a -
b i l i t y fa c t o r o f n o t l e s s t h a n fo u r
a ga in st over t u r n in g or u pset t in g of t h e
ou t r igger .
(D ) A c c e s s t o a n d e g r e s s fr o m t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e fr o m a n d t o
a s a fe s u r fa c e b e l o w t h e p o i n t o f s u s -
pen sion .
(E ) E a c h t r a n s p o r t a b l e o u t r i g g e r
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r l a t e r a l s t a b i l i t y
t o p r e v e n t r o l l -o v e r i n t h e e v e n t a n a c -
ciden t a l la t er a l loa d is a pplied t o t h e
ou t r igger . T h e a cciden t a l la t er a l loa d
t o be con sider ed in t h is design sh a ll be
n o t l e s s t h a n 70 p e r c e n t o f t h e r a t e d
loa d of t h e h oist .
(F ) E a c h t r a n s p o r t a b l e o u t r i g g e r
sh a ll be design ed t o su ppor t a n u lt i-
m a t e l o a d o f n o t l e s s t h a n fo u r t i m e s
t h e r a t ed loa d of t h e h oist .
(G ) E a c h t r a n s p o r t a b l e o u t r i g g e r
sh a ll be so loca t ed t h a t t h e su spen sion
w i r e r o p e s fo r t w o p o i n t s u s p e n d e d
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s a r e h u n g p a r a l l e l .
(H ) A t r a n s p o r t a b l e o u t r i g g e r s h a l l
b e t i e d -b a c k t o a v e r i fi e d a n c h o r a g e o n
t h e bu ildin g wit h a r ope equ iva len t in
st r en gt h t o t h e su spen sion r ope.
(I ) T h e t i e -b a c k r o p e s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled pa r a llel t o t h e cen t er lin e of t h e
ou t r igger .
(i i i ) D a v i t s . (A ) E v e r y d a v i t i n s t a l l a -
t i o n , fi x e d o r t r a n s p o r t a b l e , r o t a t a b l e
o r n o n -r o t a t a b l e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d
in st a lled t o in su r e t h a t it h a s a st a -
b i l i t y fa c t o r a g a i n s t o v e r t u r n i n g o f n o t
l e s s t h a n fo u r .
(B ) T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y
t o r oof r igged da vit sy st em s:
(1) A c c e s s t o a n d e g r e s s fr o m t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e fr o m a s a fe
s u r fa c e . A c c e s s o r e g r e s s s h a l l n o t r e -
q u i r e p e r s o n s t o c l i m b o v e r a b u i l d i n g ’s
pa r a pet or gu a r d r a ilin g; a n d
(2) T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h wh eels, ca st er s or a ca r -
r i a g e fo r t r a v e r s i n g h o r i zo n t a l l y .
(C) T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y
t o gr ou n d r igged da vit sy st em s:
(1) T h e p o i n t o f s u s p e n s i o n s h a l l n o t
e x c e e d 300 fe e t (91.5 m ) a b o v e a s a fe
s u r fa c e . G u i d e s y s t e m (s ) s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wh ich m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h (e )(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(2) A c c e s s a n d e g r e s s t o a n d fr o m t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l o n l y b e fr o m a
160
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00170 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s a fe s u r fa c e b e l o w t h e p o i n t o f s u s p e n -
sion .
(D ) A r o t a t i n g d a v i t s h a l l n o t r e q u i r e
a h o r i zo n t a l fo r c e i n e x c e s s o f 40
p o u n d s (177.9 n ) p e r p e r s o n t o i n i t i a t e a
r ot a t in g m ovem en t .
(E ) T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s s h a l l
a pply t o t r a n spor t a ble da vit s:
(1) A d a v i t o r p a r t o f a d a v i t w e i g h i n g
m o r e t h a n 80 p o u n d s (36 k g ) s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d w i t h a m e a n s fo r i t s t r a n s -
por t , wh ich sh a ll k eep t h e cen t er of
g r a v i t y o f t h e d a v i t a t o r b e l o w 36
i n c h e s (914 m m ) a b o v e t h e s a fe s u r fa c e
du r in g t r a n spor t ;
(2) A d a v i t s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a
pivot in g sock et or wit h a ba se t h a t will
a llow t h e in ser t ion or r em ova l of a
d a v i t a t a p o s i t i o n o f n o t m o r e t h a n 35
d e g r e e s a b o v e t h e h o r i zo n t a l , w i t h t h e
com plet e da vit in boa r d of t h e bu ildin g
fa c e b e i n g s e r v i c e d ; a n d
(3) M e a n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o l o c k
t h e d a v i t t o i t s s o c k e t o r b a s e b e fo r e i t
i s u s e d t o s u s p e n d t h e p l a t fo r m .
(4) H oist in g m a ch in es. (i ) R a i s i n g a n d
lower in g of su spen ded or su ppor t ed
e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d o n l y b y a
h oist in g m a ch in e.
(i i ) E a c h h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s h a l l b e
ca pa ble of a r r est in g a n y over speed de-
scen t of t h e loa d.
(i i i ) E a c h h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s h a l l b e
power ed on ly by a ir , elect r ic or h y -
dr a u lic sou r ces.
(i v ) F l a m m a b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l n o t b e
c a r r i e d o n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m .
(v ) E a c h h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s h a l l b e
c a p a b l e o f r a i s i n g o r l o w e r i n g 125 p e r -
cen t of t h e r a t ed loa d of t h e h oist .
(v i ) M o v i n g p a r t s o f a h o i s t i n g m a -
ch in e sh a ll be en closed or gu a r ded in
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (a )(1) a n d
(2) o f § 1910.212 o f t h i s p a r t .
(v i i ) Wi n d i n g d r u m s , t r a c t i o n d r u m s
a n d sh ea ves a n d dir ect ion a l sh ea ves
u sed in con ju n ct ion wit h h oist in g m a -
ch in es sh a ll be com pa t ible wit h , a n d
s i ze d fo r , t h e w i r e r o p e u s e d .
(v i i i ) E a c h w i n d i n g d r u m s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h a posit ive m ea n s of a t -
t a ch in g t h e wir e r ope t o t h e dr u m . T h e
a t t a ch m en t sh a ll be ca pa ble of devel-
o p i n g a t l e a s t fo u r t i m e s t h e r a t e d l o a d
of t h e h oist .
(i x ) E a c h h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h a pr im a r y br a k e a n d a t
lea st on e in depen den t secon da r y br a k e,
ea ch ca pa ble of st oppin g a n d h oldin g
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
n o t l e s s t h a n 125 p e r c e n t o f t h e l i ft i n g
ca pa cit y of t h e h oist .
(A ) T h e p r i m a r y b r a k e s h a l l b e d i -
r ect ly con n ect ed t o t h e dr ive t r a in of
t h e h oist in g m a ch in e, a n d sh a ll n ot be
con n ect ed t h r ou gh belt s, ch a in s,
clu t ch es, or set scr ew t y pe devices. T h e
br a k e sh a ll a u t om a t ica lly set wh en
power t o t h e pr im e m over is in t er -
r u pt ed.
(B )(1) T h e s e c o n d a r y b r a k e s h a l l b e
a n a u t om a t ic em er gen cy t y pe of br a k e
t h a t , if a ct u a t ed du r in g ea ch st oppin g
c y c l e , s h a l l n o t e n g a g e b e fo r e t h e h o i s t
is st opped by t h e pr im a r y br a k e.
(2) Wh e n a s e c o n d a r y b r a k e i s a c t u -
a t ed, it sh a ll st op a n d h old t h e pla t -
fo r m w i t h i n a v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e o f 24
i n c h e s (609.6 m m ).
(x ) A n y c o m p o n e n t o f a h o i s t i n g m a -
c h i n e w h i c h r e q u i r e s l u b r i c a t i o n fo r i t s
p r o t e c t i o n a n d p r o p e r fu n c t i o n i n g s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a m e a n s fo r t h a t l u -
br ica t ion t o be a pplied.
(5) S u sp en d ed equ ip m en t —(i ) Gen era l
requ irem en t s. (A ) E a c h s u s p e n d e d u n i t
com pon en t , except su spen sion r opes
a n d gu a r dr a il sy st em s, sh a ll be ca pa ble
o f s u p p o r t i n g , w i t h o u t fa i l u r e , a t l e a s t
fo u r t i m e s t h e m a x i m u m i n t e n d e d l i v e
loa d a pplied or t r a n sm it t ed t o t h a t
com pon en t .
(B ) E a c h s u s p e n d e d u n i t c o m p o n e n t
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of m a t er ia ls t h a t
will wit h st a n d a n t icipa t ed wea t h er
con dit ion s.
(C) E a c h s u s p e n d e d u n i t s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h a loa d r a t in g pla t e, con -
spicu ou sly loca t ed, st a t in g t h e u n it
weigh t a n d r a t ed loa d of t h e su spen ded
u n it .
(D ) Wh e n t h e s u s p e n s i o n p o i n t s o n a
su spen ded u n it a r e n ot a t t h e u n it
en ds, t h e u n it sh a ll be ca pa ble of r e-
m a in in g con t in u ou sly st a ble u n der a ll
con dit ion s of u se a n d posit ion of t h e
live loa d, a n d sh a ll m a in t a in a t lea st a
1.5 t o 1 s t a b i l i t y fa c t o r a g a i n s t u n i t
u pset .
(E ) G u i d e r o l l e r s , g u i d e s h o e s o r
b u i l d i n g fa c e r o l l e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d ,
a n d s h a l l c o m p e n s a t e fo r v a r i a t i o n s i n
b u i l d i n g d i m e n s i o n s a n d fo r m i n o r h o r -
i zo n t a l o u t -o f-l e v e l v a r i a t i o n s o f e a c h
su spen ded u n it .
(F ) E a c h w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m o f a s u s -
pen ded u n it sh a ll be secu r ed t o t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
b u i l d i n g fa c a d e b y o n e o r m o r e o f t h e
161
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00171 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d s , o r b y a n e q u i v a l e n t
m et h od:
(1) Co n t i n u o u s e n g a g e m e n t t o b u i l d -
in g a n ch or s a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(e )(2)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(2) I n t e r m i t t e n t e n g a g e m e n t t o b u i l d -
in g a n ch or s a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(e )(2)(i i i )(A ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(3) B u t t o n g u i d e e n g a g e m e n t a s p r o -
v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(2)(i i i )(B ) o f t h i s
sect ion ; or
(4) A n g u l a t e d r o p i n g a n d b u i l d i n g
fa c e r o l l e r s a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(e )(2)(i i i )(C) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(G ) E a c h w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m o f a s u s -
pen ded u n it sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a
gu a r dr a il sy st em on a ll sides wh ich
s h a l l m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(1) T h e s y s t e m s h a l l c o n s i s t o f a t o p
gu a r dr a il, m idr a il, a n d a t oeboa r d;
(2) T h e t o p g u a r d r a i l s h a l l n o t b e l e s s
t h a n 36 i n c h e s (914 m m ) h i g h a n d s h a l l
b e a b l e t o w i t h s t a n d a t l e a s t a 100-
p o u n d (444 n ) fo r c e i n a n y d o w n w a r d o r
ou t wa r d dir ect ion ;
(3) T h e m i d r a i l s h a l l b e a b l e t o w i t h -
s t a n d a t l e a s t a 75-p o u n d (333 n ) fo r c e
in a n y down wa r d or ou t wa r d dir ect ion ;
and
(4) T h e a r e a s b e t w e e n t h e g u a r d r a i l
a n d t oeboa r d on t h e en ds a n d ou t boa r d
side, a n d t h e a r ea bet ween t h e m idr a il
a n d t oeboa r d on t h e in boa r d side, sh a ll
be closed wit h a m a t er ia l t h a t is ca pa -
b l e o f w i t h s t a n d i n g a l o a d o f 100 p o u n d s
(45.4 K G .) a p p l i e d h o r i zo n t a l l y o v e r a n y
a r e a o f o n e s q u a r e fo o t (.09 m 2). T h e
m a t er ia l sh a ll h a ve a ll open in gs sm a ll
e n o u g h t o r e j e c t p a s s a g e o f l i fe l i n e s
a n d p o t e n t i a l fa l l i n g o b j e c t s w h i c h
m a y b e h a za r d o u s t o p e r s o n s b e l o w .
(5) T o e b o a r d s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f
w i t h s t a n d i n g , w i t h o u t fa i l u r e , a fo r c e
o f a t l e a s t 50 p o u n d s (222 n ) a p p l i e d i n
a n y d o w n w a r d o r h o r i zo n t a l d i r e c t i o n
a t a n y poin t a lon g t h e t oeboa r d.
(6) T o e b o a r d s s h a l l b e t h r e e a n d o n e -
h a l f i n c h e s (9 c m ) m i n i m u m i n l e n g t h
fr o m t h e i r t o p e d g e t o t h e l e v e l o f t h e
p l a t fo r m fl o o r .
(7) T o e b o a r d s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y fa s -
t en ed in pla ce a t t h e ou t er m ost edge of
t h e p l a t fo r m a n d h a v e n o m o r e t h a n
o n e -h a l f i n c h (1.3 c m ) c l e a r a n c e a b o v e
t h e p l a t fo r m fl o o r .
(8) T o e b o a r d s s h a l l b e s o l i d o r w i t h
a n o p e n i n g n o t o v e r o n e i n c h (2.5 c m )
in t h e gr ea t est dim en sion .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
(i i ) T w o a n d f ou r-p oin t su sp en d ed
w ork in g p la t f orm s. (A ) T h e w o r k i n g
p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 24
i n c h e s (610 m m ) w i d e a n d s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h a m i n i m u m o f a 12 i n c h (305
m m ) wide pa ssa ge a t or pa st a n y ob-
s t r u c t i o n o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(B ) T h e fl o o r i n g s h a l l b e o f a s l i p -r e -
sist a n t t y pe a n d sh a ll con t a in n o open -
i n g t h a t w o u l d a l l o w t h e p a s s a g e o f l i fe
l i n e s , c a b l e s a n d o t h e r p o t e n t i a l fa l l i n g
object s. If a la r ger open in g is pr ovided,
it sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by pla cin g a m a t e-
r ia l u n der t h e open in g wh ich sh a ll pr e-
v e n t t h e p a s s a g e o f l i fe l i n e s , c a b l e s
a n d p o t e n t i a l fa l l i n g o b j e c t s .
(C) T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fr o m s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h a m ea n s of su spen sion
t h a t w i l l r e s t r i c t t h e p l a t fo r m ’s i n -
boa r d t o ou t boa r d r oll a bou t it s lon gi-
t u d i n a l a x i s t o a m a x i m u m o f 15 d e -
g r e e s fr o m a h o r i zo n t a l p l a n e w h e n
m o v i n g t h e l i v e l o a d fr o m t h e i n b o a r d
t o t h e o u t b o a r d s i d e o f t h e p l a t fo r m .
(D ) A n y c a b l e s u s p e n d e d fr o m a b o v e
t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a
m e a n s fo r s t o r a g e t o p r e v e n t a c c u m u -
l a t i o n o f t h e c a b l e o n t h e fl o o r o f t h e
p l a t fo r m .
(E ) A l l o p e r a t i n g c o n t r o l s fo r t h e
v e r t i c a l t r a v e l o f t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
o f t h e c o n t i n u o u s -p r e s s u r e t y p e , a n d
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(F ) E a c h o p e r a t i n g s t a t i o n o f e v e r y
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a m ea n s of in t er r u pt in g t h e power
su pply t o a ll h oist m ot or s t o st op a n y
fu r t h e r p o w e r e d a s c e n t o r d e s c e n t o f
t h e p l a t fo r m .
(G ) T h e m a x i m u m r a t e d s p e e d o f t h e
p l a t fo r m s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 50 fe e t p e r
m i n u t e (0.3 m s ) w i t h s i n g l e s p e e d
h o i s t s , n o r 75 fe e t p e r m i n u t e (0.4 m s )
w i t h m u l t i -s p e e d h o i s t s .
(H ) P r o v i s i o n s s h a l l b e m a d e fo r s e -
cu r in g a ll t ools, wa t er t a n k s, a n d ot h er
a ccessor ies t o pr even t t h eir m ovem en t
o r a c c u m u l a t i o n o n t h e fl o o r o f t h e
p l a t fo r m .
(I ) P o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s c o n -
fo r m i n g t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f § 1910.155
a n d § 1910.157 o f t h i s p a r t s h a l l b e p r o -
vided a n d secu r ely a t t a ch ed on a ll
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s .
(J ) A c c e s s t o a n d e g r e s s fr o m a w o r k -
i n g p l a t fr o m , e x c e p t fo r t h o s e t h a t l a n d
d i r e c t l y o n a s a fe s u r fa c e , s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d b y s t a i r s , l a d d e r s , p l a t fo r m s a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r u n w a y s c o n fo r m i n g t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s
162
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00172 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
of su bpa r t D of t h is pa r t . Access ga t es
s h a l l b e s e l f-c l o s i n g a n d s e l f-l a t c h i n g .
(K ) M e a n s o f a c c e s s t o o r e g r e s s fr o m
a w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m w h i c h i s 48 i n c h e s
(1.2 m ) o r m o r e a b o v e a s a fe s u r fa c e
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a gu a r dr a il sy s-
t e m o r l a d d e r h a n d r a i l s t h a t c o n fo r m
t o t h e pr ovision s of su bpa r t D of t h is
pa r t .
(L ) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a secon da r y wir e r ope su spen sion
s y s t e m i f t h e p l a t fo r m c o n t a i n s o v e r -
h ea d st r u ct u r es wh ich r est r ict t h e
em er gen cy egr ess of em ploy ees. A h or i-
zo n t a l l i fe l i n e o r a d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n
a n ch or a ge sh a ll be pr ovided, a s pa r t of
a fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m w h i c h m e e t s t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f a p p e n d i x C, fo r e a c h
e m p l o y e e o n s u c h a p l a t fo r m .
(M ) A v e r t i c a l l i fe l i n e s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d a s p a r t o f a fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m
wh ich m eet s t h e r equ ir em en t s of a p-
p e n d i x C, fo r e a c h e m p l o y e e o n a w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m s u s p e n d e d b y t w o o r m o r e
w i r e r o p e s , i f t h e fa i l u r e o f o n e w i r e
r ope or su spen sion a t t a ch m en t will
c a u s e t h e p l a t fo r m t o u p s e t . I f a s e c -
on da r y wir e r ope su spen sion is u sed,
v e r t i c a l l i fe l i n e s a r e n o t r e q u i r e d fo r
t h e fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m , p r o v i d e d t h a t
ea ch em ploy ee is a t t a ch ed t o a h or i-
zo n t a l l i fe l i n e a n c h o r e d t o t h e p l a t -
fo r m .
(N ) A n e m e r g e n c y e l e c t r i c o p e r a t i n g
device sh a ll be pr ovided on r oof pow-
e r e d p l a t fo r m s n e a r t h e h o i s t i n g m a -
c h i n e fo r u s e i n t h e e v e n t o f fa i l u r e o f
t h e n or m a l oper a t in g device loca t ed on
t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m , o r fa i l u r e o f t h e
c a b l e c o n n e c t e d t o t h e p l a t fo r m . T h e
em er gen cy elect r ic oper a t in g device
sh a ll be m ou n t ed in a secu r ed com pa r t -
m en t , a n d t h e com pa r t m en t sh a ll be la -
b e l e d w i t h i n s t r u c t i o n s fo r u s e . A
m e a n s fo r o p e n i n g t h e c o m p a r t m e n t
s h a l l b e m o u n t e d i n a b r e a k -g l a s s
r ecept a ble loca t ed n ea r t h e em er gen cy
elect r ic oper a t in g device or in a n
equ iva len t secu r e a n d a ccessible loca -
t ion .
(i i i ) S in gle p oin t su sp en d ed w ork in g
p la t f orm s. (A ) T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h s (f)(5)(i i ) (A ) t h r o u g h (K ) o f
t h is sect ion sh a ll a lso a pply t o a sin gle
p o i n t w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m .
(B ) E a c h s i n g l e p o i n t s u s p e n d e d
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a secon da r y wir e r ope su spen sion
sy st em , wh ich will pr even t t h e wor k in g
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
p l a t fo r m fr o m fa l l i n g s h o u l d t h e r e b e a
fa i l u r e o f t h e p r i m a r y m e a n s o f s u p -
p o r t , o r i f t h e p l a t fo r m c o n t a i n s o v e r -
h ea d st r u ct u r es wh ich r est r ict t h e
e g r e s s o f t h e e m p l o y e e s . A h o r i zo n t a l
l i fe l i n e o r a d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n a n c h o r -
a g e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d , a s p a r t o f a fa l l
a r r est sy st em wh ich m eet s t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f a p p e n d i x C, fo r e a c h e m p l o y e e
o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(i v ) Grou n d -rigged w ork in g p la t f orm s.
(A ) G r o u n d r i g g e d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s
sh a ll com ply wit h a ll t h e r equ ir em en t s
o f p a r a g r a p h s (f)(5)(i i ) (A ) t h r o u g h (M )
of t h is sect ion .
(B ) A ft e r e a c h d a y ’s u s e , t h e p o w e r
su pply wit h in t h e bu ildin g sh a ll be dis-
c o n n e c t e d fr o m a g r o u n d -r i g g e d w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m , a n d t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
e i t h e r d i s e n g a g e d fr o m i t s s u s p e n s i o n
poin t s or secu r ed a n d st or ed a t gr a de.
(v ) I n t erm it t en t ly st a biliz ed p la t f orm s.
(A ) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h
p a r a g r a p h s (F )(5)(i i ) (A ) t h r o u g h (M ) o f
t h is sect ion .
(B ) E a c h s t a b i l i ze r t i e s h a l l b e
e q u i p p e d w i t h a ‘‘q u i c k c o n n e c t -q u i c k
d i s c o n n e c t ’’ d e v i c e w h i c h c a n n o t b e
a c c i d e n t l y d i s e n g a g e d , fo r a t t a c h m e n t
t o t h e bu ildin g a n ch or , a n d sh a ll be r e-
sist a n t t o a dver se en vir on m en t a l con -
dit ion s.
(C) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a st oppin g device t h a t will in t er -
r u pt t h e h oist power su pply in t h e
e v e n t t h e p l a t fo r m c o n t a c t s a s t a -
b i l i ze r t i e d u r i n g i t s a s c e n t .
(D ) B u i l d i n g fa c e r o l l e r s s h a l l n o t b e
pla ced a t t h e a n ch or set t in g if ext er ior
a n c h o r s a r e u s e d o n t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e .
(E ) S t a b i l i ze r t i e s u s e d o n i n t e r m i t -
t e n t l y s t a b i l i ze d p l a t fo r m s s h a l l a l l o w
fo r t h e s p e c i fi c a t t a c h m e n t l e n g t h
n e e d e d t o e ffe c t t h e p r e d e t e r m i n e d a n -
gu la t ion of t h e su spen ded wir e r ope.
T h e s p e c i fi c a t t a c h m e n t l e n g t h s h a l l
be m a in t a in ed a t a ll bu ildin g a n ch or
loca t ion s.
(F ) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e i n c o n t i n -
u o u s c o n t a c t w i t h t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d -
in g du r in g a scen t a n d descen t .
(G ) T h e a t t a c h m e n t a n d r e m o v a l o f
s t a b i l i ze r t i e s s h a l l n o t r e q u i r e t h e h o r -
i zo n t a l m o v e m e n t o f t h e p l a t fo r m .
(H ) T h e p l a t fo r m -m o u n t e d e q u i p m e n t
a n d it s su spen sion wir e r opes sh a ll n ot
be ph y sica lly da m a ged by t h e loa ds
fr o m t h e s t a b i l i ze r t i e o r i t s b u i l d i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n c h o r . T h e p l a t fo r m , p l a t fo r m m o u n t -
163
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00173 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
ed equ ipm en t a n d wir e r opes sh a ll be
a ble t o wit h st a n d a loa d t h a t is a t lea st
t wice t h e u lt im a t e st r en gt h of t h e st a -
b i l i ze r t i e .
N OT E : S e e F i g u r e I I i n a p p e n d i x B o f t h i s
s e c t i o n fo r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a t y p i c a l i n t e r -
m i t t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m .
(v i ) B u t t on -gu id e st a biliz ed p la t f orm s.
(A ) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h
p a r a g r a p h s (f)(5)(i i ) (A ) t h r o u g h (M ) o f
t h is sect ion .
(B ) E a c h g u i d e t r a c k o n t h e p l a t fo r m
sh a ll en ga ge a m in im u m of t wo gu ide
bu t t on s du r in g a n y ver t ica l t r a vel of
t h e p l a t fo r m fo l l o w i n g t h e i n i t i a l b u t -
t on en ga gem en t .
(C) E a c h g u i d e t r a c k o n a p l a t fo r m
t h a t is pa r t of a r oof r igged sy st em
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a st or a ge posi-
t i o n o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(D ) E a c h g u i d e t r a c k o n t h e p l a t fo r m
s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t l y m a n e u v e r a b l e b y
p l a t fo r m o c c u p a n t s t o p e r m i t e a s y e n -
ga gem en t of t h e gu ide bu t t on s, a n d
ea sy m ovem en t in t o a n d ou t of it s st or -
a g e p o s i t i o n o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(E ) T w o g u i d e t r a c k s s h a l l b e m o u n t -
e d o n t h e p l a t fo r m a n d s h a l l p r o v i d e
con t in u ou s con t a ct wit h t h e bu ildin g
fa c e .
(F ) T h e l o a d c a r r y i n g c o m p o n e n t s o f
t h e b u t t o n g u i d e s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m
wh ich t r a n sm it t h e loa d in t o t h e pla t -
fo r m s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f s u p p o r t i n g t h e
w e i g h t o f t h e p l a t fo r m , o r p r o v i s i o n
sh a ll be m a de in t h e gu ide t r a ck con -
n e c t o r s o r p l a t fo r m a t t a c h m e n t s t o
p r e v e n t t h e w e i g h t o f t h e p l a t fo r m
fr o m b e i n g t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e p l a t fo r m
a t t a ch m en t s.
N OT E : S e e F i g u r e I I I i n a p p e n d i x B o f t h i s
s e c t i o n fo r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a t y p i c a l b u t t o n
g u i d e s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m .
(6) S u p p ort ed equ ip m en t . (i ) S u p p o r t e d
equ ipm en t sh a ll m a in t a in a ver t ica l
p o s i t i o n i n r e s p e c t t o t h e fa c e o f t h e
b u i l d i n g b y m e a n s o t h e r t h a n fr i c t i o n .
(i i ) Co g w h e e l s o r e q u i v a l e n t m e a n s
sh a ll be in cor por a t ed t o pr ovide clim b-
in g t r a ct ion bet ween t h e su ppor t ed
equ ipm en t a n d t h e bu ildin g gu ides. Ad-
dit ion a l gu ide wh eels or sh oes sh a ll be
in cor por a t ed a s m a y be n ecessa r y t o
en su r e t h a t t h e dr ive wh eels a r e con -
t in u ou sly h eld in posit ive en ga gem en t
wit h t h e bu ildin g gu ides.
(i i i ) L a u n c h g u i d e m u l l i o n s i n d e x e d
t o t h e bu ildin g gu ides a n d r et a in ed in
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
a lign m en t wit h t h e bu ildin g gu ides
sh a ll be u sed t o a lign dr ive wh eels en -
t er in g t h e bu ildin g gu ides.
(i v ) M a n n e d p l a t fo r m s u s e d o n s u p -
por t ed equ ipm en t sh a ll com ply wit h
t he r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph s
(f)(5)(i i )(A ), (f)(5)(i i )(B ), a n d (f)(5)(i i ) (D )
t h r o u g h (K ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n c o v e r i n g
su spen ded equ ipm en t .
(7) S u sp en sion w ire rop es a n d rop e con -
n ect ion s. (i ) E a c h s p e c i fi c i n s t a l l a t i o n
sh a ll u se su spen sion wir e r opes or com -
bin a t ion ca ble a n d con n ect ion s m eet -
i n g t h e s p e c i fi c a t i o n r e c o m m e n d e d b y
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o f t h e h o i s t i n g m a -
c h i n e u s e d . Co n n e c t i o n s s h a l l b e c a p a -
b l e o f d e v e l o p i n g a t l e a s t 80 p e r c e n t o f
t h e r a t ed br ea k in g st r en gt h of t h e wir e
r ope.
(i i ) E a c h s u s p e n s i o n r o p e s h a l l h a v e a
‘‘D e s i g n F a c t o r ’’ o f a t l e a s t 10. T h e
‘‘D e s i g n F a c t o r ’’ i s t h e r a t i o o f t h e
r a t ed st r en gt h of t h e su spen sion wir e
r ope t o t h e r a t ed wor k in g loa d, a n d
s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g
fo r m u l a :
S ( N)
F=
W t ion a l len gt h of t h e wir e r ope of a t
Wh e r e :
F = D e s i g n fa c t o r
S = M a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r a t e d s t r e n g t h o f o n e
su spen sion r ope
N = Nu m ber of su spen sion r opes u n der loa d
W = R a t ed wor k in g loa d on a ll r opes a t a n y
poin t of t r a vel
(i i i ) S u s p e n s i o n w i r e r o p e g r a d e s h a l l
be a t lea st im pr oved plow st eel or
equ iva len t .
(i v ) S u s p e n s i o n w i r e r o p e s s h a l l b e
s i ze d t o c o n fo r m w i t h t h e r e q u i r e d d e -
s i g n fa c t o r , b u t s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n 5/
16 i n c h (7.94 m m ) i n d i a m e t e r .
(v ) N o m o r e t h a n o n e r e v e r s e b e n d i n
six wir e r ope la y s sh a ll be per m it t ed.
(v i ) A c o r r o s i o n -r e s i s t a n t t a g s h a l l b e
secu r ely a t t a ch ed t o on e of t h e wir e
r o p e fa s t e n i n g s w h e n a s u s p e n s i o n w i r e
r o p e i s t o b e u s e d a t a s p e c i fi c l o c a t i o n
a n d will r em a in in t h a t loca t ion . T h is
t a g s h a l l b e a r t h e fo l l o w i n g w i r e r o p e
da t a :
(A ) T h e d i a m e t e r (i n c h e s a n d /o r m m );
(B ) Co n s t r u c t i o n c l a s s i fi c a t i o n ;
(C) Wh e t h e r n o n -p r e fo r m e d or
p r e fo r m e d ;
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
(D ) T h e g r a d e o f m a t e r i a l ;
164
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00174 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(E ) The m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r a t ed
st r en gt h ;
(F ) T h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s n a m e ;
(G ) T h e m o n t h a n d y e a r t h e r o p e s
wer e in st a lled; a n d
(H ) T h e n a m e o f t h e p e r s o n o r c o m -
pa n y wh ich in st a lled t h e r opes.
(v i i ) A n e w t a g s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d a t
ea ch r ope r en ewa l.
(v i i i ) T h e o r i g i n a l t a g s h a l l b e
st a m ped wit h t he da t e of t he
r esock et in g, or t h e or igin a l t a g sh a ll
be r et a in ed a n d a su pplem en t a l t a g
sh a ll be pr ovided wh en r opes a r e
r esock et ed. T h e su pplem en t a l t a g sh a ll
sh ow t h e da t e of r esock et in g a n d t h e
n a m e of t h e per son or com pa n y t h a t
r esock et ed t h e r ope.
(i x ) Wi n d i n g d r u m t y p e h o i s t s s h a l l
con t a in a t lea st t h r ee wr a ps of t h e su s-
pen sion wir e r ope on t h e dr u m wh en
t h e su spen ded u n it h a s r ea ch ed t h e
lowest possible poin t of it s ver t ica l
t r a vel.
(x ) T r a c t i o n d r u m a n d s h e a v e t y p e
h oist s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a wir e
r o p e o f s u ffi c i e n t l e n g t h t o r e a c h t h e
lowest possible poin t of ver t ica l t r a vel
of t h e su spen ded u n it , a n d a n a ddi-
l e a s t fo u r fe e t (1.2 m ).
(x i ) T h e l e n g t h e n i n g o r r e p a i r i n g o f
su spen sion wir e r opes is pr oh ibit ed.
(x i i ) B a b b i t t e d fa s t e n i n g s fo r s u s p e n -
sion wir e r ope a r e pr oh ibit ed.
(8) Con t rol circu it s, p ow er circu it s a n d
t h eir com p on en t s. (i ) E l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g
a n d equ ipm en t sh a ll com ply wit h su b-
pa r t S of t h is pa r t , except a s ot h er wise
r equ ir ed by t h is sect ion .
(i i ) E l e c t r i c a l r u n w a y c o n d u c t o r s y s -
t e m s s h a l l b e o f a t y p e d e s i g n e d fo r u s e
in ext er ior loca t ion s, a n d sh a ll be lo-
ca t ed so t h a t t h ey do n ot com e in t o
con t a ct wit h a ccu m u la t ed sn ow or
wa t er .
(i i i ) Ca b l e s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t
d a m a g e r e s u l t i n g fr o m o v e r t e n s i o n i n g
o r fr o m o t h e r c a u s e s .
(i v ) D e v i c e s s h a l l b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e
c o n t r o l s y s t e m fo r t h e e q u i p m e n t
wh ich will pr ovide pr ot ect ion a ga in st
elect r ica l over loa ds, t h r ee ph a se r ever -
s a l a n d p h a s e fa i l u r e . T h e c o n t r o l s y s -
t em sh a ll h a ve a sepa r a t e m et h od,
in depen den t of t h e dir ect ion con t r ol
c i r c u i t , fo r b r e a k i n g t h e p o w e r c i r c u i t
i n c a s e o f a n e m e r g e n c y o r m a l fu n c -
t ion .
ER25SE06.005</MATH>
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(v ) S u s p e n d e d o r s u p p o r t e d e q u i p -
m en t sh a ll h a ve a con t r ol sy st em
wh ich will r equ ir e t h e oper a t or of t h e
e q u i p m e n t t o fo l l o w p r e d e t e r m i n e d
pr ocedu r es.
(v i ) T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s s h a l l
a pply t o elect r ica l pr ot ect ion devices:
(A ) On i n s t a l l a t i o n s w h e r e t h e c a r -
r i a g e d o e s n o t h a v e a s t a b i l i t y fa c t o r o f
a t l e a s t fo u r a g a i n s t o v e r t u r n i n g , e l e c -
t r i c a l c o n t a c t (s ) s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a n d
so con n ect ed t h a t t h e oper a t in g devices
fo r t h e s u s p e n d e d o r s u p p o r t e d e q u i p -
m en t sh a ll be oper a t ive on ly wh en t h e
ca r r ia ge is loca t ed a n d m ech a n ica lly
r et a in ed a t a n est a blish ed oper a t in g
poin t .
(B ) Ov e r l o a d p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o -
vided in t h e h oist in g or su spen sion sy s-
t em t o pr ot ect a ga in st t h e equ ipm en t
o p e r a t i n g i n t h e ‘‘u p ’’ d i r e c t i o n w i t h a
l o a d i n e x c e s s o f 125 p e r c e n t o f t h e
r a t e d l o a d o f t h e p l a t fo r m ; a n d
(C) A n a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h s u s p e n s i o n p o i n t t h a t
will in t er r u pt power t o a ll h oist in g m o-
t o r s fo r t r a v e l i n t h e ‘‘d o w n ’’ d i r e c t i o n ,
a n d a pply t h e pr im a r y br a k es if a n y
su spen sion wir e r ope becom es sla ck . A
c o n t i n u o u s -p r e s s u r e r i g g i n g -b y p a s s
s w i t c h d e s i g n e d fo r u s e d u r i n g r i g g i n g
is per m it t ed. T h is swit ch sh a ll on ly be
u sed du r in g r iggin g.
(v i i ) U p p e r a n d l o w e r d i r e c t i o n a l
swit ch es design ed t o pr even t t h e t r a vel
o f s u s p e n d e d u n i t s b e y o n d s a fe u p w a r d
a n d down wa r d levels sh a ll be pr ovided.
(v i i i ) E m e r g e n c y s t o p s w i t c h e s s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d o n r e m o t e c o n t r o l l e d , r o o f-
p o w e r e d m a n n e d p l a t fo r m s a d j a c e n t t o
e a c h c o n t r o l s t a t i o n o n t h e p l a t fo r m .
(i x ) Ca b l e s w h i c h a r e i n c o n s t a n t t e n -
sion sh a ll h a ve over loa d devices wh ich
will pr even t t h e t en sion in t h e ca ble
fr o m i n t e r fe r i n g w i t h t h e l o a d l i m i t i n g
device r equ ir ed in pa r a gr a ph
(f)(8)(v i )(B ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , o r w i t h t h e
p l a t fo r m r o l l l i m i t i n g d e v i c e r e q u i r e d
i n p a r a g r a p h (f)(5)(i i )(C) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
T h e set t in g of t h ese devices sh a ll be co-
or din a t ed wit h ot h er over loa d set t in gs
a t t h e t im e of design of t h e sy st em ,
a n d sh a ll be clea r ly in dica t ed on or
n ea r t h e device. T h e device sh a ll in t er -
r u pt t h e equ ipm en t t r a vel in t h e
‘‘d o w n ’’ d i r e c t i o n .
(g ) I n sp ect ion a n d t est s—(1) I n st a lla -
t ion s a n d a lt era t ion s. A l l c o m p l e t e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
bu ildin g m a in t en a n ce equ ipm en t in -
165
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00175 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
st a lla t ion s sh a ll be in spect ed a n d t est -
e d i n t h e fi e l d b e fo r e b e i n g p l a c e d i n
in it ia l ser vice t o det er m in e t h a t a ll
p a r t s o f t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n c o n fo r m t o a p -
plica ble r equ ir em en t s of t h is st a n da r d,
a n d t h a t a l l s a fe t y a n d o p e r a t i n g
e q u i p m e n t i s fu n c t i o n i n g a s r e q u i r e d . A
sim ila r in spect ion a n d t est sh a ll be
m a d e fo l l o w i n g a n y m a j o r a l t e r a t i o n t o
a n exist in g in st a lla t ion . No h oist in a n
in st a lla t ion sh a ll be su bject ed t o a loa d
i n e x c e s s o f 125 p e r c e n t o f i t s r a t e d
loa d.
(2) P eriod ic in sp ect ion s a n d t est s. (i )
R ela t ed bu ildin g su ppor t in g st r u ct u r es
sh a ll u n der go per iodic in spect ion by a
com pet en t per son a t in t er va ls n ot ex-
c e e d i n g 12 m o n t h s .
(i i ) A l l p a r t s o f t h e e q u i p m e n t i n c l u d -
in g con t r ol sy st em s sh a ll be in spect ed,
a n d, wh er e n ecessa r y , t est ed by a com -
p e t e n t p e r s o n a t i n t e r v a l s s p e c i fi e d b y
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r /s u p p l i e r , b u t n o t t o
e x c e e d 12 m o n t h s , t o d e t e r m i n e t h a t
t h e y a r e i n s a fe o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n .
P a r t s su bject t o wea r , su ch a s wir e
r opes, bea r in gs, gea r s, a n d gover n or s
s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d a n d /o r t e s t e d t o d e -
t er m in e t h a t t h ey h a ve n ot wor n t o
s u c h a n e x t e n t a s t o a ffe c t t h e s a fe o p -
er a t ion of t h e in st a lla t ion .
(i i i ) T h e b u i l d i n g o w n e r s h a l l k e e p a
c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d o f e a c h i n s p e c t i o n
a n d t est r equ ir ed u n der pa r a gr a ph s
(g )(2)(i ) a n d (i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h e c e r -
t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d s h a l l i n c l u d e t h e d a t e
of t h e in spect ion , t h e sign a t u r e of t h e
p e r s o n w h o p e r fo r m e d t h e i n s p e c t i o n ,
a n d t h e n u m b e r , o r o t h e r i d e n t i fi e r , o f
t h e bu ildin g su ppor t st r u ct u r e a n d
equ ipm en t wh ich wa s in spect ed. T h is
c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d s h a l l b e k e p t r e a d -
i l y a v a i l a b l e fo r r e v i e w b y t h e A s s i s t -
a n t S ecr et a r y of L a bor or t h e Assist a n t
S e c r e t a r y ’s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e a n d b y t h e
em ploy er .
(i v ) Wo r k i n g p l a t fo r m s a n d t h e i r
com pon en t s sh a ll be in spect ed by t h e
e m p l o y e r fo r v i s i b l e d e fe c t s b e fo r e
e v e r y u s e a n d a ft e r e a c h o c c u r r e n c e
w h i c h c o u l d a ffe c t t h e p l a t fo r m ’s s t r u c -
t u r a l in t egr it y .
(3) M a in t en a n ce in sp ect ion s a n d t est s.
(i ) A m a i n t e n a n c e i n s p e c t i o n a n d ,
wh er e n ecessa r y , a t est sh a ll be m a de
o f e a c h p l a t fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n e v e r y 30
da y s, or wh er e t h e wor k cy cle is less
t h a n 30 d a y s s u c h i n s p e c t i o n a n d /o r
t est sh a ll be m a de pr ior t o ea ch wor k
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
cy cle. T h is in spect ion a n d t est sh a ll
fo l l o w p r o c e d u r e s r e c o m m e n d e d b y t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r , a n d s h a l l b e m a d e b y a
com pet en t per son .
(i i ) T h e b u i l d i n g o w n e r s h a l l k e e p a
c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d o f e a c h i n s p e c t i o n
a n d t e s t p e r fo r m e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h
(g )(3)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h e c e r t i fi -
ca t ion r ecor d sh a ll in clu de t h e da t e of
t h e in spect ion a n d t est , t h e sign a t u r e
o f t h e p e r s o n w h o p e r fo r m e d t h e i n -
s p e c t i o n a n d /o r t e s t , a n d a n i d e n t i fi e r
fo r t h e p l a t fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n w h i c h w a s
i n s p e c t e d . T h e c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d
s h a l l b e k e p t r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e fo r r e -
view by t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y of
L a b o r o r t h e A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y ’s r e p -
r esen t a t ive a n d by t h e em ploy er .
(4) S p ecia l in sp ect ion of gov ern ors a n d
secon d a ry bra k es. (i ) G o v e r n o r s a n d s e c -
on da r y br a k es sh a ll be in spect ed a n d
t e s t e d a t i n t e r v a l s s p e c i fi e d b y t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r /s u p p l i e r b u t n o t t o e x -
c e e d e v e r y 12 m o n t h s .
(i i ) T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e i n s p e c t i o n a n d
t e s t s h a l l c o n fi r m t h a t t h e i n i t i a t i n g
d e v i c e fo r t h e s e c o n d a r y b r a k i n g s y s -
t em oper a t es a t t h e pr oper over speed.
(i i i ) T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e i n s p e c t i o n a n d
t e s t s h a l l c o n fi r m t h a t t h e s e c o n d a r y
b r a k e i s fu n c t i o n i n g p r o p e r l y .
(i v ) I f a n y h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e o r i n i t i -
a t i n g d e v i c e fo r t h e s e c o n d a r y b r a k e
s y s t e m i s r e m o v e d fr o m t h e e q u i p m e n t
fo r t e s t i n g , a l l r e i n s t a l l e d a n d d i r e c t l y
r ela t ed com pon en t s sh a ll be r ein -
spect ed pr ior t o r et u r n in g t h e equ ip-
m en t in st a lla t ion t o ser vice.
(v ) I n s p e c t i o n o f g o v e r n o r s a n d s e c -
o n d a r y b r a k e s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d b y a
com pet en t per son .
(v i ) T h e s e c o n d a r y b r a k e g o v e r n o r
a n d a ct u a t ion device sh a ll be t est ed be-
fo r e e a c h d a y ’s u s e . Wh e r e t e s t i n g i s
n o t fe a s i b l e , a v i s u a l i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e
br a k e sh a ll be m a de in st ea d t o en su r e
t h a t i t i s fr e e t o o p e r a t e .
(5) S u sp en sion w ire rop e m a in t en a n ce,
in sp ect ion a n d rep la cem en t . (i ) S u s p e n -
sion wir e r ope sh a ll be m a in t a in ed a n d
u sed in a ccor da n ce wit h pr ocedu r es
r ecom m en ded by t h e wir e r ope m a n u -
fa c t u r e r .
(i i ) S u s p e n s i o n w i r e r o p e s h a l l b e i n -
s p e c t e d b y a c o m p e t e n t p e r s o n fo r v i s i -
b l e d e fe c t s a n d g r o s s d a m a g e t o t h e
r o p e b e fo r e e v e r y u s e a n d a ft e r e a c h o c -
c u r r e n c e w h i c h m i g h t a ffe c t t h e w i r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r o p e ’s i n t e g r i t y .
166
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i i i ) A t h o r o u g h i n s p e c t i o n o f s u s p e n -
sion wir e r opes in ser vice sh a ll be m a de
on ce a m on t h . S u spen sion wir e r opes
t h a t h a v e b e e n i n a c t i v e fo r 30 d a y s o r
lon ger sh a ll h a ve a t h or ou gh in spect ion
b e fo r e t h e y a r e p l a c e d i n t o s e r v i c e .
T h ese t h or ou gh in spect ion s of su spen -
s i o n w i r e r o p e s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d b y a
com pet en t per son .
(i v ) T h e n e e d fo r r e p l a c e m e n t o f a
su spen sion wir e r ope sh a ll be det er -
m in ed by in spect ion a n d sh a ll be ba sed
on t h e con dit ion of t h e wir e r ope. An y
o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s o r c o m b i n a -
t i o n o f c o n d i t i o n s w i l l b e c a u s e fo r r e -
m ova l of t h e wir e r ope:
(A ) B r o k e n w i r e s e x c e e d i n g t h r e e
wir es in on e st r a n d or six wir es in on e
r ope la y ;
(B ) D i s t o r t i o n o f r o p e s t r u c t u r e s u c h
a s w o u l d r e s u l t fr o m c r u s h i n g o r
k in k in g;
(C) E v i d e n c e o f h e a t d a m a g e ;
(D ) E v i d e n c e o f r o p e d e t e r i o r a t i o n
fr o m c o r r o s i o n ;
(E ) A b r o k e n w i r e w i t h i n 18 i n c h e s
(460.8 m m ) o f t h e e n d a t t a c h m e n t s ;
(F ) N o t i c e a b l e r u s t i n g a n d p i t t i n g ;
(G ) E v i d e n c e o f c o r e fa i l u r e (a l e n g t h -
en in g of r ope la y , pr ot r u sion of t h e
r ope cor e a n d a r edu ct ion in r ope di-
a m e t e r s u g g e s t s c o r e fa i l u r e ); o r
(H ) M o r e t h a n o n e v a l l e y b r e a k (b r o -
k e n w i r e ).
(I ) Ou t e r w i r e w e a r e x c e e d s o n e -t h i r d
of t h e or igin a l ou t er wir e dia m et er .
(J ) A n y o t h e r c o n d i t i o n w h i c h t h e
com pet en t per son det er m in es h a s sig-
n i fi c a n t l y a ffe c t e d t h e i n t e g r i t y o f t h e
r ope.
(v ) T h e b u i l d i n g o w n e r s h a l l k e e p a
c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d o f e a c h m o n t h l y
in spect ion of a su spen sion wir e r ope a s
r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(5)(i i i ) o f t h i s
sect ion . T h e r ecor d sh a ll in clu de t h e
da t e of t h e in spect ion , t h e sign a t u r e of
t h e p e r s o n w h o p e r fo r m e d t h e i n s p e c -
t i o n , a n d a n u m b e r , o r o t h e r i d e n t i fi e r ,
of t h e wir e r ope wh ich wa s in spect ed.
T h is r ecor d of in spect ion sh a ll be m a de
a v a i l a b l e fo r r e v i e w b y t h e A s s i s t a n t
S ecr et a r y of L a bor or t h e Assist a n t
S e c r e t a r y ’s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e a n d b y t h e
em ploy er .
(6) H oist in sp ect ion . B e fo r e l o w e r i n g
per son n el below t h e t op eleva t ion of
t h e bu ildin g, t h e h oist sh a ll be t est ed
e a c h d a y i n t h e l i ft i n g d i r e c t i o n w i t h
t h e in t en ded loa d t o m a k e cer t a in it
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
h a s s u ffi c i e n t c a p a c i t y t o r a i s e t h e p e r -
son n el ba ck t o t h e boa r din g level.
(h ) M a in t en a n ce—(1) Gen era l m a in t e-
n a n ce. A l l p a r t s o f t h e e q u i p m e n t a f-
fe c t i n g s a fe o p e r a t i o n s h a l l b e m a i n -
t a in ed in pr oper wor k in g or der so t h a t
t h e y m a y p e r fo r m t h e fu n c t i o n s fo r
wh ich t h ey wer e in t en ded. T h e equ ip-
m en t sh a ll be t a k en ou t of ser vice
wh en it is n ot in pr oper wor k in g or der .
(2) Clea n in g. (i ) Co n t r o l o r p o w e r
con t a ct or s a n d r ela y s sh a ll be k ept
clea n .
(i i ) A l l o t h e r p a r t s s h a l l b e k e p t
c l e a n i f t h e i r p r o p e r fu n c t i o n i n g w o u l d
b e a ffe c t e d b y t h e p r e s e n c e o f d i r t o r
ot h er con t a m in a n t s.
(3) P eriod ic resock et in g of w ire rop e f a s-
t en in gs. (i ) H o i s t i n g r o p e s u t i l i zi n g
p o u r e d s o c k e t fa s t e n i n g s s h a l l b e
r e s o c k e t e d a t t h e n o n -d r u m e n d s a t i n -
t e r v a l s n o t e x c e e d i n g 24 m o n t h s . I n
r e s o c k e t i n g t h e r o p e s , a s u ffi c i e n t
l e n g t h s h a l l b e c u t fr o m t h e e n d o f t h e
r o p e t o r e m o v e d a m a g e d o r fa t i g u e d
por t ion s.
(i i ) R e s o c k e t e d r o p e s s h a l l c o n fo r m
t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(7)
of t h is sect ion .
(i i i ) L i m i t s w i t c h e s a ffe c t e d b y t h e
r esock et ed r opes sh a ll be r eset , if n ec-
essa r y .
(4) P eriod ic resh a ck lin g of su sp en sion
w ire rop es. T h e h o i s t i n g r o p e s s h a l l b e
r esh a ck led a t t h e n on dr u m en ds a t in -
t e r v a l s n o t e x c e e d i n g 24 m o n t h s . Wh e n
r e s h a c k l i n g t h e r o p e s , a s u ffi c i e n t
l e n g t h s h a l l b e c u t fr o m t h e e n d o f t h e
r o p e t o r e m o v e d a m a g e d o r fa t i g u e d
por t ion s.
(5) R oof sy st em s. R o o f t r a c k s y s t e m s ,
t i e -d o w n s , o r s i m i l a r e q u i p m e n t s h a l l
be m a in t a in ed in pr oper wor k in g or der
s o t h a t t h e y p e r fo r m t h e fu n c t i o n fo r
wh ich t h ey wer e in t en ded.
(6) B u ild in g f a ce gu id in g m em bers. T -
r a ils, in den t ed m u llion s, or equ iva len t
g u i d e s l o c a t e d i n t h e fa c e o f a b u i l d i n g
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed in pr oper wor k in g
o r d e r s o t h a t t h e y p e r fo r m t h e fu n c -
t i o n s fo r w h i c h t h e y w e r e i n t e n d e d .
B r a c k e t s fo r c a b l e s t a b i l i ze r s s h a l l
sim ila r ly be m a in t a in ed in pr oper
wor k in g or der .
(7) I n op era t iv e sa f et y d ev ices. N o p e r -
s o n s h a l l r e n d e r a r e q u i r e d s a fe t y d e -
vice or elect r ica l pr ot ect ive device in -
o p e r a t i v e , e x c e p t a s n e c e s s a r y fo r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t est s, in spect ion s, a n d m a in t en a n ce.
167
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00177 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
Im m edia t ely u pon com plet ion of su ch
t est s, in spect ion s a n d m a in t en a n ce, t h e
device sh a ll be r est or ed t o it s n or m a l
oper a t in g con dit ion .
(i ) O p era t ion s—(1) T ra in in g. (i ) Wo r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e o p e r a t e d o n l y b y
p e r s o n s w h o a r e p r o fi c i e n t i n t h e o p e r -
a t i o n , s a fe u s e a n d i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e
p a r t i c u l a r w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m t o b e o p e r -
a t ed.
(i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s w h o o p e r a t e w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e t r a i n e d i n t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) R e c o g n i t i o n o f, a n d p r e v e n t i v e
m e a s u r e s fo r , t h e s a fe t y h a za r d s a s s o c i -
a t ed wit h t h eir in dividu a l wor k t a sk s.
(B ) G e n e r a l r e c o g n i t i o n a n d p r e v e n -
t i o n o f s a fe t y h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h
t h e u s e o f w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s , i n c l u d i n g
t h e pr ovision s in t h e sect ion r ela t in g
t o t h e p a r t i c u l a r w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m t o
be oper a t ed.
(C) E m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n p r o c e -
d u r e s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(9) o f
t h is sect ion .
(D ) Wo r k p r o c e d u r e s r e q u i r e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (i )(1)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(E ) P e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m i n -
s p e c t i o n , c a r e , u s e a n d s y s t e m p e r fo r m -
a n ce.
(i i i ) T r a i n i n g o f e m p l o y e e s i n t h e o p -
er a t ion a n d in spect ion of wor k in g pla t -
fo r m s s h a l l b e d o n e b y a c o m p e t e n t
per son .
(i v ) Wr i t t e n w o r k p r o c e d u r e s fo r t h e
o p e r a t i o n , s a fe u s e a n d i n s p e c t i o n o f
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r
em ploy ee t r a in in g. P ict or ia l m et h ods
of in st r u ct ion , m a y be u sed, in lieu of
wr it t en wor k pr ocedu r es, if em ploy ee
com m u n ica t ion is im pr oved u sin g t h is
m et h od. T h e oper a t in g m a n u a ls su p-
p l i e d b y m a n u fa c t u r e r s fo r p l a t fo r m
sy st em com pon en t s ca n ser ve a s t h e
b a s i s fo r t h e s e p r o c e d u r e s .
(v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t
em ploy ees h a ve been t r a in ed in oper -
a t in g a n d in spect in g a wor k in g pla t -
fo r m b y p r e p a r i n g a c e r t i fi c a t i o n
r ecor d wh ich in clu des t h e iden t it y of
t h e per son t r a in ed, t h e sign a t u r e of t h e
em ploy er or t h e per son wh o con du ct ed
t h e t r a in in g a n d t h e da t e t h a t t r a in in g
wa s com plet ed. The c e r t i fi c a t i o n
r ecor d sh a ll be pr epa r ed a t t h e com ple-
t ion of t h e t r a in in g r equ ir ed in pa r a -
g r a p h (i )(1)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d s h a l l
b e m a i n t a i n e d i n a fi l e fo r t h e d u r a t i o n
o f t h e e m p l o y e e ’s e m p l o y m e n t . T h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d s h a l l b e k e p t r e a d -
i l y a v a i l a b l e fo r r e v i e w b y t h e A s s i s t -
a n t S ecr et a r y of L a bor or t h e Assist a n t
S e c r e t a r y ’s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e .
(2) U se. (i ) Wo r k i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l
n ot be loa ded in excess of t h e r a t ed
l o a d , a s s t a t e d o n t h e p l a t fo r m l o a d
r a t in g pla t e.
(i i ) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e p r o h i b i t e d
fr o m w o r k i n g o n s n o w , i c e , o r o t h e r
s l i p p e r y m a t e r i a l c o v e r i n g p l a t fo r m s ,
e x c e p t fo r t h e r e m o v a l o f s u c h m a t e -
r ia ls.
(i i i ) A d e q u a t e p r e c a u t i o n s s h a l l b e
t a k e n t o p r o t e c t t h e p l a t fo r m , w i r e
r o p e s a n d l i fe l i n e s fr o m d a m a g e d u e t o
a cids or ot h er cor r osive su bst a n ces, in
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e r ecom m en da t ion s
of t h e cor r osive su bst a n ce pr odu cer ,
s u p p l i e r , p l a t fo r m m a n u fa c t u r e r o r
o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t i n fo r m a t i o n s o u r c e s .
P l a t fo r m m e m b e r s w h i c h h a v e b e e n e x -
posed t o a cids or ot h er cor r osive su b-
st a n ces sh a ll be wa sh ed down wit h a
n e u t r a l i zi n g s o l u t i o n , a t a fr e q u e n c y
r ecom m en ded by t h e cor r osive su b-
st a n ce pr odu cer or su pplier .
(i v ) P l a t fo r m m e m b e r s , w i r e r o p e s
a n d l i fe l i n e s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d w h e n
u s i n g a h e a t p r o d u c i n g p r o c e s s . Wi r e
r o p e s a n d l i fe l i n e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n
con t a ct ed by t h e h ea t pr odu cin g pr oc-
ess sh a ll be con sider ed t o be per m a -
n en t ly da m a ged a n d sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(v ) T h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l n o t b e o p e r -
a t e d i n w i n d s i n e x c e s s o f 25 m i l e s p e r
h o u r (40.2 k m /h r ) e x c e p t t o m o v e i t
fr o m a n o p e r a t i n g t o a s t o r a g e p o s i -
t i o n . Wi n d s p e e d s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d
b a s e d o n t h e b e s t a v a i l a b l e i n fo r m a -
t i o n , w h i c h i n c l u d e s o n -s i t e a n e m o m -
e t e r r e a d i n g s a n d l o c a l w e a t h e r fo r e -
c a s t s w h i c h p r e d i c t w i n d v e l o c i t i e s fo r
t h e a r ea .
(v i ) On e x t e r i o r i n s t a l l a t i o n s , a n a n e -
m om et er sh a ll be m ou n t ed on t h e pla t -
fo r m t o p r o v i d e i n fo r m a t i o n o f o n -s i t e
win d velocit ies pr ior t o a n d du r in g t h e
u s e o f t h e p l a t fo r m . T h e a n e m o m e t e r
m a y b e a p o r t a b l e (h a n d h e l d ) u n i t
wh ich is t em por a r ily m ou n t ed du r in g
p l a t fo r m u s e .
(v i i ) T o o l s , m a t e r i a l s a n d d e b r i s n o t
r ela t ed t o t h e wor k in pr ogr ess sh a ll
n ot be a llowed t o a ccu m u la t e on pla t -
fo r m s . S t a b i l i ze r t i e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
so a s t o a llow u n en cu m ber ed pa ssa ge
a l o n g t h e fu l l l e n g t h o f t h e p l a t fo r m
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n d sh a ll be of su ch len gt h so a s n ot t o
168
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00178 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
becom e en t a n gled in r oller s, h oist s or
ot h er m a ch in er y .
(j ) P erson a l f a ll p rot ect ion . E m p l o y e e s
o n w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e p r o -
t e c t e d b y a p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m
m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of a ppen dix
C, s e c t i o n I , o f t h i s s t a n d a r d , a n d a s
ot h er wise pr ovided by t h is st a n da r d.
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.66, G U I D E L I N E S
(A D V I S OR Y )
1. U se of t h e A p p en d ix . A p p e n d i x A p r o v i d e s
exa m ples of equ ipm en t a n d m et h ods t o a ssist
t h e em ploy er in m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of
t h e in dica t ed pr ovision of t h e st a n da r d. E m -
ploy er s m a y u se ot h er equ ipm en t or pr oce-
d u r e s w h i c h c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
t h e st a n da r d. T h is a ppen dix n eit h er a dds t o
n o r d e t r a c t s fr o m t h e m a n d a t o r y r e q u i r e -
m e n t s s e t fo r t h i n § 1910.66.
2. A ssu ra n ce. P a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h e s t a n d a r d
r e q u i r e s t h e b u i l d i n g o w n e r t o i n fo r m t h e
em ploy er in wr it in g t h a t t h e power ed pla t -
fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n c o m p l i e s w i t h c e r t a i n r e -
qu ir em en t s of t h e st a n da r d, sin ce t h e em -
p l o y e r m a y n o t h a v e t h e n e c e s s a r y i n fo r m a -
t ion t o m a k e t h ese det er m in a t ion s. T h e em -
p l o y e r , h o w e v e r , r e m a i n s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r
m eet in g t h ese r equ ir em en t s wh ich h a ve n ot
b e e n s e t o ff i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(1).
3. D esign R equ irem en t s. T h e d e s i g n r e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r e a c h i n s t a l l a t i o n s h o u l d b e b a s e d
o n t h e l i m i t a t i o n s (s t r e s s e s , d e fl e c t i o n s ,
e t c .), e s t a b l i s h e d b y n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
s t a n d a r d s a s p r o m u l g a t e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g
o r g a n i za t i o n s , o r t o e q u i v a l e n t s t a n d a r d s :
A A —T h e A l u m i n u m A s s o c i a t i o n , 818 Co n -
n e c t i c u t A v e n u e , N W., Wa s h i n g t o n , D C,
20006
A l u m i n u m Co n s t r u c t i o n M a n u a l
S p e c i fi c a t i o n s F o r A l u m i n u m S t r u c t u r e s
Alu m in u m S t a n da r ds a n d Da t a
A G M A —A m e r i c a n G e a r M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s s o -
c i a t i o n , 101 N o r t h F o r t M e y e r D r ., S u i t e
1000, A r l i n g t o n , V A 22209
A I S C—A m e r i c a n I n s t i t u t e o f S t e e l Co n s t r u c -
t i o n , 400 N o r t h M i c h i g a n A v e n u e , Ch i c a g o ,
I L 60611
A N S I —A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s I n s t i -
t u t e , I n c ., 1430 B r o a d w a y , N e w Y o r k , N Y
10018
A S CE —A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f Ci v i l E n g i n e e r s ,
345 E a s t 47t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10017
A S M E —A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f M e c h a n i c a l E n -
g i n e e r s , 345 E a s t 47t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k ,
N Y 10017
A S T M —A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d
M a t e r i a l s , 1916 R a c e S t r e e t , P h i l a d e l p h i a ,
P A 19103
A WS —A m e r i c a n We l d i n g S o c i e t y , I n c ., B o x
351040, 550 N W. L e J e u n n e R o a d , M i a m i , F L
33126
J I C—J o i n t I n d u s t r i a l Co u n c i l , 2139 Wi s c o n s i n
A v e n u e N W., Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20007
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
N E M A —N a t i o n a l E l e c t r i c M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s -
s o c i a t i o n , 2101 L S t r e e t , N W., Wa s h i n g t o n ,
D C 20037
4. T ie-in -gu id es. I n d e n t e d m u l l i o n s , T -r a i l s
or ot h er equ iva len t gu ides a r e a ccept a ble a s
t i e -i n g u i d e s i n a b u i l d i n g fa c e fo r a c o n t i n -
u o u s s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m . I n t e r n a l g u i d e s
a r e em bedded in ot h er bu ildin g m em ber s
w i t h o n l y t h e o p e n i n g e x p o s e d (s e e F i g u r e 1
o f a p p e n d i x B ). E x t e r n a l g u i d e s , h o w e v e r , a r e
in st a lled ext er n a l t o t h e ot h er bu ildin g
m e m b e r s a n d s o a r e fu l l y e x p o s e d . T h e m i n -
i m u m o p e n i n g fo r t i e -i n g u i d e s i s t h r e e -q u a r -
t e r s o f a n i n c h (19 m m ), a n d t h e m i n i m u m i n -
s i d e d i m e n s i o n s a r e o n e -i n c h (25 m m ) d e e p
a n d t w o i n c h e s (50 m m ) w i d e .
E m p l o y e r s s h o u l d b e a w a r e o f t h e h a za r d s
a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t i e -i n g u i d e s i n a c o n t i n u o u s
s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m w h i c h w a s n o t d e s i g n e d
pr oper ly . F or exa m ple, join t s in t h ese t r a ck
sy st em s m a y becom e ext en ded or discon t in -
u ou s du e t o in st a lla t ion or bu ildin g set t le-
m en t . If t h is a lign m en t pr oblem is n ot cor -
r ect ed, t h e sy st em cou ld ja m wh en a gu ide
r oller or gu ide sh oe st r ik es a join t a n d t h is
w o u l d c a u s e a h a za r d o u s s i t u a t i o n fo r e m -
p l o y e e s . I n a n o t h e r i n s t a n c e , fa u l t y d e s i g n
will r esu lt in gu ide r oller s bein g m ou n t ed in
a lin e so t h ey will ja m in t h e t r a ck a t t h e
sligh t est m isa lign m en t .
5. B u ild in g a n ch ors (in t erm it t en t st a biliz a t ion
sy st em ). I n t h e s e l e c t i o n o f t h e v e r t i c a l d i s -
t a n c e b e t w e e n b u i l d i n g a n c h o r s , c e r t a i n fa c -
t or s sh ou ld be given con sider a t ion . T h ese
fa c t o r s i n c l u d e b u i l d i n g h e i g h t a n d a r c h i t e c -
t u r a l d e s i g n , p l a t fo r m l e n g t h a n d w e i g h t ,
wir e r ope a n gu la t ion , a n d t h e win d velocit ies
i n t h e b u i l d i n g a r e a . A n o t h e r fa c t o r t o c o n -
s i d e r i s t h e m a t e r i a l o f t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e ,
s i n c e t h i s m a t e r i a l m a y b e a d v e r s e l y a f-
fe c t e d b y t h e b u i l d i n g r o l l e r s .
E xt er n a l or in den t ed t y pe bu ildin g a n ch or s
a r e a ccept a ble. R ecept a cles in t h e bu ildin g
fa c a d e u s e d fo r t h e i n d e n t e d t y p e s h o u l d b e
k ept clea r of ext r a n eou s m a t er ia ls wh ich
will h in der t h eir u se. Du r in g t h e in spect ion
o f t h e p l a t fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n , e v i d e n c e o f a
fa i l u r e o r a b u s e o f t h e a n c h o r s s h o u l d b e
br ou gh t t o t h e a t t en t ion of t h e em ploy er .
6. S t a biliz er t ie len gt h . A s t a b i l i ze r t i e
s h o u l d b e l o n g e n o u g h t o p r o v i d e fo r t h e
pla n n ed a n gu la t ion of t h e su spen sion ca bles.
However , t h e len gt h of t h e t ie sh ou ld n ot be
excessive a n d becom e a pr oblem by possibly
b e c o m i n g e n t a n g l e d i n t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e r o l l -
e r s o r p a r t s o f t h e p l a t fo r m m a c h i n e r y .
T h e a t t a ch m en t len gt h m a y va r y du e t o
m a t er ia l elon ga t ion a n d t h is sh ou ld be con -
sider ed wh en select in g t h e m a t er ia l t o be
u s e d . Co n s i d e r a t i o n s h o u l d a l s o b e g i v e n t o
t h e u se of t ies wh ich a r e ea sily in st a lled by
em ploy ees, sin ce t h is will en cou r a ge t h eir
u se.
7. I n t erm it t en t st a biliz a t ion sy st em . I n t e r m i t -
t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m s m a y u s e d i ffe r e n t
e q u i p m e n t , t i e -i n d e v i c e s a n d m e t h o d s t o r e -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s t r i c t t h e h o r i zo n t a l m o v e m e n t o f a p o w e r e d
169
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00179 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
p l a t fo r m w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e fa c e o f t h e
b u i l d i n g . On e a c c e p t a b l e m e t h o d e m p l o y s
c o r r o s i o n -r e s i s t a n t b u i l d i n g a n c h o r s s e c u r e d
i n t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g i n v e r t i c a l r o w s
e v e r y t h i r d fl o o r o r 50 fe e t (15.3 m ), w h i c h -
ever is less. T h e a n ch or s a r e spa ced h or i-
zo n t a l l y t o a l l o w a s t a b i l i za t i o n a t t a c h m e n t
(s t a b i l i ze r t i e ) fo r e a c h o f t h e t w o p l a t fo r m
s u s p e n s i o n w i r e r o p e s . T h e s t a b i l i ze r t i e c o n -
s i s t s o f t w o p a r t s . On e p a r t i s a q u i c k c o n -
n e c t -q u i c k d i s c o n n e c t d e v i c e w h i c h u t i l i ze s a
c o r r o s i o n -r e s i s t a n t y o k e a n d r e t a i n e r s p r i n g
t h a t i s d e s i g n e d t o fi t o v e r t h e b u i l d i n g a n -
c h o r s . T h e s e c o n d p a r t o f t h e s t a b i l i ze r t i e i s
a l a n y a r d w h i c h i s u s e d t o m a i n t a i n a fi x e d
dist a n ce bet ween t h e su spen sion wir e r ope
a n d t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g .
In t h is m et h od, a s t h e su spen ded power ed
p l a t fo r m d e s c e n d s p a s t t h e e l e v a t i o n o f e a c h
a n ch or , t h e descen t is h a lt ed a n d ea ch of t h e
p l a t fo r m o c c u p a n t s s e c u r e s a s t a b i l i ze r t i e
bet ween a su spen sion wir e r ope a n d a bu ild-
in g a n ch or . T h e pr ocedu r e is r epea t ed a s
ea ch eleva t ion of a bu ildin g a n ch or is
r ea ch ed du r in g t h e descen t of t h e power ed
p l a t fo r m .
A s t h e p l a t fo r m a s c e n d s , t h e p r o c e d u r e i s
r e v e r s e d ; t h a t i s , t h e s t a b i l i ze r t i e s a r e r e -
m oved a s ea ch eleva t ion of a bu ildin g a n ch or
i s r e a c h e d . T h e r e m o v a l o f e a c h s t a b i l i ze r t i e
i s a s s u r e d s i n c e t h e p l a t fo r m i s p r o v i d e d
wit h st oppin g devices wh ich will in t er r u pt
p o w e r t o i t s h o i s t (s ) i n t h e e v e n t e i t h e r s t o p -
p i n g d e v i c e c o n t a c t s a s t a b i l i ze r d u r i n g t h e
a s c e n t o f t h e p l a t fo r m .
F igu r e 2 of a ppen dix B illu st r a t es a n ot h er
t y p e o f a c c e p t a b l e i n t e r m i t t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n
s y s t e m w h i c h u t i l i ze s r e t a i n i n g p i n s a s t h e
q u i c k c o n n e c t -q u i c k d i s c o n n e c t d e v i c e i n t h e
s t a b i l i ze r t i e .
8. W ire R op e I n sp ect ion . T h e i n s p e c t i o n o f
t h e su spen sion wir e r ope is im por t a n t sin ce
t h e r ope gr a du a lly loses st r en gt h du r in g it s
u s e fu l l i fe . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e i n s p e c t i o n i s
t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r t h e w i r e r o p e h a s s u ffi -
c i e n t i n t e g r i t y t o s u p p o r t a p l a t fo r m w i t h
t h e r e q u i r e d d e s i g n fa c t o r .
If t h er e is a n y dou bt con cer n in g t h e con di-
t i o n o f a w i r e r o p e o r i t s a b i l i t y t o p e r fo r m
t h e r equ ir ed wor k , t h e r ope sh ou ld be r e-
pla ced. T h e cost of wir e r ope r epla cem en t is
qu it e sm a ll if com pa r ed t o t h e cost in t er m s
of h u m a n in ju r ies, equ ipm en t down t im e a n d
r epla cem en t .
N o l i s t i n g o f c r i t i c a l i n s p e c t i o n fa c t o r s ,
w h i c h s e r v e a s a b a s i s fo r w i r e r o p e r e p l a c e -
m e n t i n t h e s t a n d a r d , c a n b e a s u b s t i t u t e fo r
a n exper ien ced in spect or of wir e r ope. T h e
l i s t i n g s e r v e s a s a u s e r ’s g u i d e t o t h e a c c e p t -
ed st a n da r ds by wh ich r opes m u st be ju dged.
R o p e l i fe c a n b e p r o l o n g e d i f p r e v e n t i v e
m a i n t e n a n c e i s p e r fo r m e d r e g u l a r l y . Cu t t i n g
o ff a n a p p r o p r i a t e l e n g t h o f r o p e a t t h e e n d
t e r m i n a t i o n b e fo r e t h e c o r e d e g r a d e s a n d
v a l l e y b r e a k s a p p e a r m i n i m i ze s d e g r a d a t i o n
a t t h ese sect ion s.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
9. Gen era l M a in t en a n ce. I n m e e t i n g t h e g e n -
er a l m a in t en a n ce r equ ir em en t in pa r a gr a ph
(h )(1) o f t h e s t a n d a r d , t h e e m p l o y e r s h o u l d
u n der t a k e t h e pr om pt r epla cem en t of br o-
k en , wor n a n d da m a ged pa r t s, swit ch con -
t a c t s , b r u s h e s , a n d s h o r t fl e x i b l e c o n d u c t o r s
of elect r ica l devices. T h e com pon en t s of t h e
elect r ica l ser vice sy st em a n d t r a velin g ca -
bles sh ou ld be r epla ced wh en da m a ged or sig-
n i fi c a n t l y a b r a d e d . I n a d d i t i o n , g e a r s , s h a ft s ,
bea r in gs, br a k es a n d h oist in g dr u m s sh ou ld
be k ept in pr oper a lign m en t .
10. T ra in in g. I n m e e t i n g t h e t r a i n i n g r e -
q u i r e m e n t o f p a r a g r a p h (i )(1) o f t h e s t a n d a r d ,
em ploy er s sh ou ld u se bot h on t h e job t r a in -
i n g a n d fo r m a l c l a s s r o o m t r a i n i n g . T h e w r i t -
t e n w o r k p r o c e d u r e s u s e d fo r t h i s t r a i n i n g
s h o u l d b e o b t a i n e d fr o m t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r , i f
p o s s i b l e , o r p r e p a r e d a s n e c e s s a r y fo r t h e e m -
p l o y e e ’s i n fo r m a t i o n a n d u s e .
E m ploy ees wh o will oper a t e power ed pla t -
fo r m s w i t h i n t e r m i t t e n t s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s -
t em s sh ou ld r eceive in st r u ct ion in t h e spe-
c i fi c a s c e n t a n d d e s c e n t p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v i n g
t h e a ssem bly a n d disa ssem bly of t h e st a -
b i l i ze r t i e s .
An a ccept a ble t r a in in g pr ogr a m sh ou ld
a lso in clu de em ploy ee in st r u ct ion in ba sic
i n s p e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f d e -
t e r m i n i n g t h e n e e d fo r r e p a i r a n d r e p l a c e -
m e n t o f p l a t fo r m e q u i p m e n t . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e
pr ogr a m sh ou ld cover t h e in spect ion , ca r e
a n d u s e o f t h e p e r s o n a l fa l l p r o t e c t i o n e q u i p -
m e n t r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (j )(1) o f t h e
st a n da r d.
In a ddit ion , t h e t r a in in g pr ogr a m sh ou ld
a lso in clu de em er gen cy a ct ion pla n ele-
m e n t s . OS H A b r o c h u r e # 1B 3088 (R e v .) 1985,
‘‘H o w t o P r e p a r e fo r Wo r k p l a c e E m e r -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
170
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
g e n c i e s ,’’ d e t a i l s t h e b a s i c s t e p s n e e d e d t o
pr epa r e t o h a n dle em er gen cies in t h e wor k -
pla ce.
F ollowin g t h e com plet ion of a t r a in in g
pr ogr a m , t h e em ploy ee sh ou ld be r equ ir ed t o
dem on st r a t e com pet en cy in oper a t in g t h e
e q u i p m e n t s a fe l y . S u p p l e m e n t a l t r a i n i n g o f
t h e em ploy ee sh ou ld be pr ovided by t h e em -
ploy er , a s n ecessa r y , if t h e equ ipm en t u sed
or ot h er wor k in g con dit ion s sh ou ld ch a n ge.
An em ploy ee wh o is r equ ir ed t o wor k wit h
c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s o n a p l a t fo r m s h o u l d r e -
ceive t r a in in g in pr oper clea n in g pr ocedu r es,
a n d i n t h e h a za r d s , c a r e a n d h a n d l i n g o f
t h ese pr odu ct s. In a ddit ion , t h e em ploy ee
sh ou ld be su pplied wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e per -
son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t , su ch a s gloves
a n d e y e a n d fa c e p r o t e c t i o n .
11. S u sp en sion a n d S ecu rin g of P ow ered P la t -
f orm s (E qu iv a len cy ). On e a c c e p t a b l e m e t h o d
of dem on st r a t in g t h e equ iva len cy of a m et h -
od of su spen din g or secu r in g a power ed pla t -
fo r m , a s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (e )(2)(i i i ),
(f)(3) a n d (f)(5)(i )(F ), i s t o p r o v i d e a n e n g i -
n e e r i n g a n a l y s i s b y a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l
en gin eer . T h e a n a ly sis sh ou ld dem on st r a t e
t h a t t h e pr oposed m et h od will pr ovide a n
e q u a l o r g r e a t e r d e g r e e o f s a fe t y fo r e m p l o y -
e e s t h a n a n y o n e o f t h e m e t h o d s s p e c i fi e d i n
t h e st a n da r d.
A P P E N D I X B T O § 1910.66—E X H I B I T S (A D V I S OR Y )
T h e t h r ee dr a win gs in a ppen dix B illu s-
t r a t e t y p i c a l p l a t fo r m s t a b i l i za t i o n s y s t e m s
wh ich a r e a ddr essed in t h e st a n da r d. T h e
d r a w i n g s a r e t o b e u s e d fo r r e fe r e n c e p u r -
poses on ly , a n d do n ot illu st r a t e a ll t h e m a n -
d a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r e a c h s y s t e m .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.66
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

171
EC27OC91.012</GPH>

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 § 1910.66 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
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EC27OC91.013</GPH>

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.66
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173
EC27OC91.014</GPH>

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 § 1910.66
A P P E N D I X C T O § 1910.66—P E R S ON A L F A L L A R -
R E S T S Y S T E M (S E CT I ON I —M A N D A T OR Y ; S E C -
T I ON S I I A N D I I I —N ON -M A N D A T OR Y )
U se of t h e A p p en d ix
S ect ion I of a ppen dix C set s ou t t h e m a n -
d a t o r y c r i t e r i a fo r p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s -
t em s u sed by a ll em ploy ees u sin g power ed
p l a t fo r m s , a s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (j )(1) o f
t h is st a n da r d. S ect ion II set s ou t n on m a n da -
t or y t est pr ocedu r es wh ich m a y be u sed t o
det er m in e com plia n ce wit h a pplica ble r e-
qu ir em en t s con t a in ed in sect ion I of t h is a p-
pen dix. S ect ion III pr ovides n on m a n da t or y
gu idelin es wh ich a r e in t en ded t o a ssist em -
ploy er s in com ply in g wit h t h ese pr ovision s.
I . P erson a l f a ll a rrest sy st em s—(a ) S cop e a n d
a p p lica t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n e s t a b l i s h e s t h e a p -
p l i c a t i o n o f a n d p e r fo r m a n c e c r i t e r i a fo r p e r -
s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s w h i c h a r e r e q u i r e d
fo r u s e b y a l l e m p l o y e e s u s i n g p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m s u n d e r p a r a g r a p h 1910.66(j ).
(b ) D ef in it ion s. A n ch ora ge m e a n s a s e c u r e
p o i n t o f a t t a c h m e n t fo r l i fe l i n e s , l a n y a r d s o r
deceler a t ion devices, a n d wh ich is in de-
pen den t of t h e m ea n s of su ppor t in g or su s-
pen din g t h e em ploy ee.
B od y belt m e a n s a s t r a p w i t h m e a n s b o t h
fo r s e c u r i n g i t a b o u t t h e w a i s t a n d fo r a t -
t a c h i n g i t t o a l a n y a r d , l i fe l i n e , o r d e c e l e r a -
t ion device.
B od y h a rn ess m e a n s a d e s i g n o f s t r a p s
wh ich m a y be secu r ed a bou t t h e em ploy ee in
a m a n n e r t o d i s t r i b u t e t h e fa l l a r r e s t fo r c e s
over a t lea st t h e t h igh s, pelvis, wa ist , ch est
a n d s h o u l d e r s w i t h m e a n s fo r a t t a c h i n g i t t o
o t h e r c o m p o n e n t s o f a p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t
sy st em .
B u ck le m e a n s a n y d e v i c e fo r h o l d i n g t h e
body belt or body h a r n ess closed a r ou n d t h e
e m p l o y e e ’s b o d y .
Com p et en t p erson m e a n s a p e r s o n w h o i s c a -
p a b l e o f i d e n t i fy i n g h a za r d o u s o r d a n g e r o u s
c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m
o r a n y c o m p o n e n t t h e r e o f, a s w e l l a s i n t h e i r
a pplica t ion a n d u se wit h r ela t ed equ ipm en t .
Con n ect or m e a n s a d e v i c e w h i c h i s u s e d t o
c o u p l e (c o n n e c t ) p a r t s o f t h e s y s t e m t o -
get h er . It m a y be a n in depen den t com pon en t
o f t h e s y s t e m (s u c h a s a c a r a b i n e r ), o r a n i n -
t e g r a l c o m p o n e n t o f p a r t o f t h e s y s t e m (s u c h
a s a b u c k l e o r d e e -r i n g s e w n i n t o a b o d y b e l t
o r b o d y h a r n e s s , o r a s n a p -h o o k s p l i c e d o r
s e w n t o a l a n y a r d o r s e l f-r e t r a c t i n g l a n y a r d ).
D ecelera t ion d ev ice m e a n s a n y m e c h a n i s m ,
su ch a s a r ope gr a b, r ipst it ch la n y a r d, spe-
c i a l l y w o v e n l a n y a r d , t e a r i n g o r d e fo r m i n g
l a n y a r d , o r a u t o m a t i c s e l f r e t r a c t i n g -l i fe -
l i n e /l a n y a r d , w h i c h s e r v e s t o d i s s i p a t e a s u b -
s t a n t i a l a m o u n t o f e n e r g y d u r i n g a fa l l a r -
r est , or ot h er wise lim it s t h e en er gy im posed
o n a n e m p l o y e e d u r i n g fa l l a r r e s t .
D ecelera t ion d ist a n ce m e a n s t h e a d d i t i o n a l
v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e a fa l l i n g e m p l o y e e t r a v e l s ,
e x c l u d i n g l i fe l i n e e l o n g a t i o n a n d fr e e fa l l
d i s t a n c e , b e fo r e s t o p p i n g , fr o m t h e p o i n t a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wh ich t h e deceler a t ion device begin s t o oper -
174
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00184 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a t e. It is m ea su r ed a s t h e dist a n ce bet ween
t h e l o c a t i o n o f a n e m p l o y e e ’s b o d y b e l t o r
body h a r n ess a t t a ch m en t poin t a t t h e m o-
m e n t o f a c t i v a t i o n (a t t h e o n s e t o f fa l l a r r e s t
fo r c e s ) o f t h e d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e d u r i n g a
fa l l , a n d t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h a t a t t a c h m e n t
p o i n t a ft e r t h e e m p l o y e e c o m e s t o a fu l l
st op.
E qu iv a len t m e a n s a l t e r n a t i v e d e s i g n s , m a -
t er ia ls or m et h ods wh ich t h e em ploy er ca n
dem on st r a t e will pr ovide a n equ a l or gr ea t er
d e g r e e o f s a fe t y fo r e m p l o y e e s t h a n t h e
m e t h o d s , m a t e r i a l s o r d e s i g n s s p e c i fi e d i n
t h e st a n da r d.
F ree f a ll m e a n s t h e a c t o f fa l l i n g b e fo r e t h e
p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m b e g i n s t o a p p l y
fo r c e t o a r r e s t t h e fa l l .
F ree f a ll d ist a n ce m e a n s t h e v e r t i c a l d i s -
p l a c e m e n t o f t h e fa l l a r r e s t a t t a c h m e n t
p o i n t o n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s b o d y b e l t o r b o d y
h a r n e s s b e t w e e n o n s e t o f t h e fa l l a n d j u s t b e -
fo r e t h e s y s t e m b e g i n s t o a p p l y fo r c e t o a r -
r e s t t h e fa l l . T h i s d i s t a n c e e x c l u d e s d e c e l e r a -
t i o n d i s t a n c e , l i fe l i n e a n d l a n y a r d e l o n g a t i o n
bu t in clu des a n y deceler a t ion device slide
d i s t a n c e o r s e l f-r e t r a c t i n g l i fe l i n e /l a n y a r d
e x t e n s i o n b e fo r e t h e y o p e r a t e a n d fa l l a r r e s t
fo r c e s o c c u r .
L a n y a rd m e a n s a fl e x i b l e l i n e o f r o p e , w i r e
r ope, or st r a p wh ich is u sed t o secu r e t h e
body belt or body h a r n ess t o a deceler a t ion
d e v i c e , l i fe l i n e , o r a n c h o r a g e .
L if elin e m e a n s a c o m p o n e n t c o n s i s t i n g o f a
fl e x i b l e l i n e fo r c o n n e c t i o n t o a n a n c h o r a g e
a t o n e e n d t o h a n g v e r t i c a l l y (v e r t i c a l l i fe -
l i n e ), o r fo r c o n n e c t i o n t o a n c h o r a g e s a t
b o t h e n d s t o s t r e t c h h o r i zo n t a l l y (h o r i zo n t a l
l i fe l i n e ), a n d w h i c h s e r v e s a s a m e a n s fo r
con n ect in g ot h er com pon en t s of a per son a l
fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m t o t h e a n c h o r a g e .
P erson a l f a ll a rrest sy st em m e a n s a s y s t e m
u s e d t o a r r e s t a n e m p l o y e e i n a fa l l fr o m a
wor k in g level. It con sist s of a n a n ch or a ge,
con n ect or s, a body belt or body h a r n ess a n d
m a y in clu de a la n y a r d, deceler a t ion device,
l i fe l i n e , o r s u i t a b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s o f t h e s e .
Q u a lif ied p erson m e a n s o n e w i t h a r e c o g -
n i ze d d e g r e e o r p r o fe s s i o n a l c e r t i fi c a t e a n d
ext en sive k n owledge a n d exper ien ce in t h e
s u b j e c t fi e l d w h o i s c a p a b l e o f d e s i g n , a n a l -
y s i s , e v a l u a t i o n a n d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s i n t h e
su bject wor k , pr oject , or pr odu ct .
R op e gra b m e a n s a d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e
w h i c h t r a v e l s o n a l i fe l i n e a n d a u t o m a t i c a l l y
fr i c t i o n a l l y e n g a g e s t h e l i fe l i n e a n d l o c k s s o
a s t o a r r e s t t h e fa l l o f a n e m p l o y e e . A r o p e
gr a b u su a lly em ploy s t h e pr in ciple of in er -
t i a l l o c k i n g , c a m /l e v e r l o c k i n g , o r b o t h .
S elf -ret ra ct in g lif elin e/la n y a rd m e a n s a d e -
celer a t ion device wh ich con t a in s a dr u m -
wou n d lin e wh ich m a y be slowly ext r a ct ed
fr o m , o r r e t r a c t e d o n t o , t h e d r u m u n d e r
sligh t t en sion du r in g n or m a l em ploy ee
m o v e m e n t , a n d w h i c h , a ft e r o n s e t o f a fa l l ,
a u t om a t ica lly lock s t h e dr u m a n d a r r est s
t h e fa l l .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
S n a p -h ook m e a n s a c o n n e c t o r c o m p r i s e d o f
a h ook sh a ped m em ber wit h a n or m a lly
closed k eeper , or sim ila r a r r a n gem en t , wh ich
m a y be open ed t o per m it t h e h ook t o r eceive
a n object a n d, wh en r elea sed, a u t om a t ica lly
c l o s e s t o r e t a i n t h e o b j e c t . S n a p -h o o k s a r e
gen er a lly on e of t wo t y pes:
1. T h e l o c k i n g t y p e w i t h a s e l f-c l o s i n g ,
s e l f-l o c k i n g k e e p e r w h i c h r e m a i n s c l o s e d a n d
l o c k e d u n t i l u n l o c k e d a n d p r e s s e d o p e n fo r
con n ect ion or discon n ect ion , or
2. T h e n o n -l o c k i n g t y p e w i t h a s e l f-c l o s i n g
k eeper wh ich r em a in s closed u n t il pr essed
o p e n fo r c o n n e c t i o n o r d i s c o n n e c t i o n .
T ie-of f m e a n s t h e a c t o f a n e m p l o y e e , w e a r -
i n g p e r s o n a l fa l l p r o t e c t i o n e q u i p m e n t , c o n -
n ect in g dir ect ly or in dir ect ly t o a n a n ch or -
a ge. It a lso m ea n s t h e con dit ion of a n em -
ploy ee bein g con n ect ed t o a n a n ch or a ge.
(c ) D esign f or sy st em com p on en t s. (1) Co n n e c -
t o r s s h a l l b e d r o p fo r g e d , p r e s s e d o r fo r m e d
st eel, or m a de of equ iva len t m a t er ia ls.
(2) Co n n e c t o r s s h a l l h a v e a c o r r o s i o n -r e -
s i s t a n t fi n i s h , a n d a l l s u r fa c e s a n d e d g e s
sh a ll be sm oot h t o pr even t da m a ge t o in t er -
fa c i n g p a r t s o f t h e s y s t e m .
(3) L a n y a r d s a n d v e r t i c a l l i fe l i n e s w h i c h
t i e -o ff o n e e m p l o y e e s h a l l h a v e a m i n i m u m
b r e a k i n g s t r e n g t h o f 5,000 p o u n d s (22.2 k N ).
(4) S e l f-r e t r a c t i n g l i fe l i n e s a n d l a n y a r d s
w h i c h a u t o m a t i c a l l y l i m i t fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e
t o t w o fe e t (0.61 m ) o r l e s s s h a l l h a v e c o m p o -
n en t s ca pa ble of su st a in in g a m in im u m st a t -
i c t e n s i l e l o a d o f 3,000 p o u n d s (13.3 k N ) a p -
p l i e d t o t h e d e v i c e w i t h t h e l i fe l i n e o r l a n -
y a r d i n t h e fu l l y e x t e n d e d p o s i t i o n .
(5) S e l f-r e t r a c t i n g l i fe l i n e s a n d l a n y a r d s
w h i c h d o n o t l i m i t fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o t w o
fe e t (0.61 m ) o r l e s s , r i p s t i t c h l a n y a r d s , a n d
t e a r i n g a n d d e fo r m i n g l a n y a r d s s h a l l b e c a -
pa ble of su st a in in g a m in im u m t en sile loa d
o f 5,000 p o u n d s (22.2 k N ) a p p l i e d t o t h e d e v i c e
w i t h t h e l i fe l i n e o r l a n y a r d i n t h e fu l l y e x -
t en ded posit ion .
(6) D e e -r i n g s a n d s n a p -h o o k s s h a l l b e c a p a -
ble of su st a in in g a m in im u m t en sile loa d of
5,000 p o u n d s (22.2 k N ).
(7) D e e -r i n g s a n d s n a p -h o o k s s h a l l b e 100
p e r c e n t p r o o f-t e s t e d t o a m i n i m u m t e n s i l e
l o a d o f 3,600 p o u n d s (16 k N ) w i t h o u t c r a c k -
i n g , b r e a k i n g , o r t a k i n g p e r m a n e n t d e fo r m a -
t ion .
(8) S n a p -h o o k s s h a l l b e s i ze d t o b e c o m p a t -
ible wit h t h e m em ber t o wh ich t h ey a r e con -
n ect ed so a s t o pr even t u n in t en t ion a l dis-
e n g a g e m e n t o f t h e s n a p -h o o k b y d e p r e s s i o n
o f t h e s n a p -h o o k k e e p e r b y t h e c o n n e c t e d
m em ber , or sh a ll be a lock in g t y pe sn a p-
h ook design ed a n d u sed t o pr even t dis-
e n g a g e m e n t o f t h e s n a p -h o o k b y t h e c o n t a c t
of t h e sn a ph ook k eeper by t h e con n ect ed
m em ber .
(9) H o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e s , w h e r e u s e d , s h a l l
be design ed, a n d in st a lled a s pa r t of a com -
p l e t e p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m , w h i c h
m a i n t a i n s a s a fe t y fa c t o r o f a t l e a s t t w o ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f a q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n .
175
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00185 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
(10) A n c h o r a g e s t o w h i c h p e r s o n a l fa l l a r -
r est equ ipm en t is a t t a ch ed sh a ll be ca pa ble
o f s u p p o r t i n g a t l e a s t 5,000 p o u n d s (22.2 k N )
per em ploy ee a t t a ch ed, or sh a ll be design ed,
in st a lled, a n d u sed a s pa r t of a com plet e per -
s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m w h i c h m a i n t a i n s a
s a fe t y fa c t o r o f a t l e a s t t w o , u n d e r t h e s u -
p e r v i s i o n o f a q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n .
(11) R o p e s a n d s t r a p s (w e b b i n g ) u s e d i n l a n -
y a r d s , l i fe l i n e s , a n d s t r e n g t h c o m p o n e n t s o f
body belt s a n d body h a r n esses, sh a ll be m a de
fr o m s y n t h e t i c fi b e r s o r w i r e r o p e .
(d ) S y st em p erf orm a n ce crit eria . (1) P e r s o n a l
fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s s h a l l , w h e n s t o p p i n g a
fa l l :
(i ) L i m i t m a x i m u m a r r e s t i n g fo r c e o n a n
e m p l o y e e t o 900 p o u n d s (4 k N ) w h e n u s e d
wit h a body belt ;
(i i ) L i m i t m a x i m u m a r r e s t i n g fo r c e o n a n
e m p l o y e e t o 1,800 p o u n d s (8 k N ) w h e n u s e d
wit h a body h a r n ess;
(i i i ) B r i n g a n e m p l o y e e t o a c o m p l e t e s t o p
a n d lim it m a xim u m deceler a t ion dist a n ce a n
e m p l o y e e t r a v e l s t o 3.5 fe e t (1.07 m ); a n d
(i v ) S h a l l h a v e s u ffi c i e n t s t r e n g t h t o w i t h -
st a n d t wice t h e pot en t ia l im pa ct en er gy of
a n e m p l o y e e fr e e fa l l i n g a d i s t a n c e o f s i x fe e t
(1.8 m ), o r t h e fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e p e r m i t t e d b y
t h e sy st em , wh ich ever is less.
(2)(i ) Wh e n u s e d b y e m p l o y e e s h a v i n g a
com bin ed per son a n d t ool weigh t of less t h a n
310 p o u n d s (140 k g ), p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s -
t em s wh ich m eet t h e cr it er ia a n d pr ot ocols
c o n t a i n e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (b ), (c ) a n d (d ) i n
sect ion II of t h is a ppen dix sh a ll be con sid-
er ed a s com ply in g wit h t h e pr ovision s of
p a r a g r a p h s (d )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h (d )(1)(i v ) a b o v e .
(i i ) Wh e n u s e d b y e m p l o y e e s h a v i n g a c o m -
b i n e d t o o l a n d b o d y w e i g h t o f 310 p o u n d s (140
k g ) o r m o r e , p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s
wh ich m eet t h e cr it er ia a n d pr ot ocols con -
t a i n e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (b ), (c ) a n d (d ) i n s e c -
t ion II m a y be con sider ed a s com ply in g wit h
t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h s (d )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h
(d )(1)(i v ) p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e c r i t e r i a a n d p r o -
t o c o l s a r e m o d i fi e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y t o p r o v i d e
p r o p e r p r o t e c t i o n fo r s u c h h e a v i e r w e i g h t s .
(e ) Ca re a n d u se. (1) S n a p -h o o k s , u n l e s s o f
a lock in g t y pe design ed a n d u sed t o pr even t
d i s e n g a g e m e n t fr o m t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n n e c -
t ion s, sh a ll n ot be en ga ged:
(i ) D i r e c t l y t o w e b b i n g , r o p e o r w i r e r o p e ;
(i i ) T o e a c h o t h e r ;
(i i i ) T o a d e e -r i n g t o w h i c h a n o t h e r s n a p -
h ook or ot h er con n ect or is a t t a ch ed;
(i v ) T o a h o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e ; o r
(v ) T o a n y o b j e c t w h i c h i s i n c o m p a t i b l y
sh a ped or dim en sion ed in r ela t ion t o t h e
s n a p -h o o k s u c h t h a t t h e c o n n e c t e d o b j e c t
c o u l d d e p r e s s t h e s n a p -h o o k k e e p e r a s u ffi -
c i e n t a m o u n t t o r e l e a s e i t s e l f.
(2) D e v i c e s u s e d t o c o n n e c t t o a h o r i zo n t a l
l i fe l i n e w h i c h m a y b e c o m e a v e r t i c a l l i fe l i n e
sh a ll be ca pa ble of lock in g in eit h er dir ec-
t i o n o n t h e l i fe l i n e .
(3) P e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s s h a l l b e
r igged su ch t h a t a n em ploy ee ca n n eit h er
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
fr e e fa l l m o r e t h a n s i x fe e t (1.8 m ), n o r c o n -
t a ct a n y lower level.
(4) T h e a t t a c h m e n t p o i n t o f t h e b o d y b e l t
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n t h e c e n t e r o f t h e w e a r e r ’s
ba ck . T h e a t t a ch m en t poin t of t h e body h a r -
n ess sh a ll be loca t ed in t h e cen t er of t h e
w e a r e r ’s b a c k n e a r s h o u l d e r l e v e l , o r a b o v e
t h e w e a r e r ’s h e a d .
(5) Wh e n v e r t i c a l l i fe l i n e s a r e u s e d , e a c h
em ploy ee sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a sepa r a t e
l i fe l i n e .
(6) P e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s o r c o m p o -
n e n t s s h a l l b e u s e d o n l y fo r e m p l o y e e fa l l
pr ot ect ion .
(7) P e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s o r c o m p o -
n en t s su bject ed t o im pa ct loa din g sh a ll be
i m m e d i a t e l y r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e a n d s h a l l
n o t b e u s e d a g a i n fo r e m p l o y e e p r o t e c t i o n
u n less in spect ed a n d det er m in ed by a com -
pet en t per son t o be u n da m a ged a n d su it a ble
fo r r e u s e .
(8) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e fo r p r o m p t
r e s c u e o f e m p l o y e e s i n t h e e v e n t o f a fa l l o r
s h a l l a s s u r e t h e s e l f-r e s c u e c a p a b i l i t y o f e m -
ploy ees.
(9) B e fo r e u s i n g a p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s -
t e m , a n d a ft e r a n y c o m p o n e n t o r s y s t e m i s
ch a n ged, em ploy ees sh a ll be t r a in ed in a c-
cor da n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
1910.66(i )(1), i n t h e s a fe u s e o f t h e s y s t e m .
(f) I n sp ect ion s. P e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s
s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d p r i o r t o e a c h u s e fo r m i l -
dew, wea r , da m a ge a n d ot h er det er ior a t ion ,
a n d d e fe c t i v e c o m p o n e n t s s h a l l b e r e m o v e d
fr o m s e r v i c e i f t h e i r s t r e n g t h o r fu n c t i o n
m a y b e a d v e r s e l y a ffe c t e d .
I I . T est m et h od s f or p erson a l f a ll a rrest sy s-
t em s (n on -m a n d a t ory )—(a ) Gen era l. P a r a -
g r a p h s (b ), (c ), (d ) a n d (e ), o f t h i s s e c t i o n I I
s e t fo r t h t e s t p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h m a y b e u s e d
t o det er m in e com plia n ce wit h t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s i n p a r a g r a p h (d )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h (d )(1)(i v )
of sect ion I of t h is a ppen dix.
(b ) Gen era l con d it ion s f or a ll t est s in sect ion
I I . (1) L i fe l i n e s , l a n y a r d s a n d d e c e l e r a t i o n
devices sh ou ld be a t t a ch ed t o a n a n ch or a ge
a n d c o n n e c t e d t o t h e b o d y -b e l t o r b o d y h a r -
n ess in t h e sa m e m a n n er a s t h ey wou ld be
wh en u sed t o pr ot ect em ploy ees.
(2) T h e a n c h o r a g e s h o u l d b e r i g i d , a n d
s h o u l d n o t h a v e a d e fl e c t i o n g r e a t e r t h a n .04
i n c h e s (1 m m ) w h e n a fo r c e o f 2,250 p o u n d s
(10 k N ) i s a p p l i e d .
(3) T h e fr e q u e n c y r e s p o n s e o f t h e l o a d
m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n s h o u l d b e 120 H z.
(4) T h e t e s t w e i g h t u s e d i n t h e s t r e n g t h
a n d fo r c e t e s t s s h o u l d b e a r i g i d , m e t a l , c y -
l i n d r i c a l o r t o r s o -s h a p e d o b j e c t w i t h a g i r t h
o f 38 i n c h e s p l u s o r m i n u s fo u r i n c h e s (96 c m
p l u s o r m i n u s 10 c m ).
(5) T h e l a n y a r d o r l i fe l i n e u s e d t o c r e a t e
t h e fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e s h o u l d b e s u p p l i e d w i t h
t h e sy st em , or in it s a bsen ce, t h e lea st ela s-
t i c l a n y a r d o r l i fe l i n e a v a i l a b l e t o b e u s e d
wit h t h e sy st em .
(6) T h e t e s t w e i g h t fo r e a c h t e s t s h o u l d b e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h oist ed t o t h e r equ ir ed level a n d sh ou ld be
176
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00186 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
qu ick ly r elea sed wit h ou t h a vin g a n y a ppr e-
cia ble m ot ion im pa r t ed t o it .
(7) T h e s y s t e m ’s p e r fo r m a n c e s h o u l d b e
eva lu a t ed t a k in g in t o a ccou n t t h e r a n ge of
e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s fo r w h i c h i t i s d e -
sign ed t o be u sed.
(8) F o l l o w i n g t h e t e s t , t h e s y s t e m n e e d n o t
b e c a p a b l e o f fu r t h e r o p e r a t i o n .
(c ) S t ren gt h t est . (1) D u r i n g t h e t e s t i n g o f
a l l s y s t e m s , a t e s t w e i g h t o f 300 p o u n d s p l u s
o r m i n u s fi v e p o u n d s (135 k g p l u s o r m i n u s
2.5 k g ) s h o u l d b e u s e d . (S e e p a r a g r a p h (b )(4),
a b o v e .)
(2) T h e t e s t c o n s i s t s o f d r o p p i n g t h e t e s t
weigh t on ce. A n ew u n u sed sy st em sh ou ld be
u s e d fo r e a c h t e s t .
(3) F o r l a n y a r d s y s t e m s , t h e l a n y a r d
l e n g t h s h o u l d b e s i x fe e t p l u s o r m i n u s t w o
i n c h e s (1.83 m p l u s o r m i n u s 5 c m ) a s m e a s -
u r e d fr o m t h e fi x e d a n c h o r a g e t o t h e a t t a c h -
m en t on t h e body belt or body h a r n ess.
(4) F o r r o p e -g r a b -t y p e d e c e l e r a t i o n s y s -
t e m s , t h e l e n g t h o f t h e l i fe l i n e a b o v e t h e
cen t er lin e of t h e gr a bbin g m ech a n ism t o t h e
l i fe l i n e ’s a n c h o r a g e p o i n t s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d
t w o fe e t (0.61 m ).
(5) F o r l a n y a r d s y s t e m s , fo r s y s t e m s w i t h
deceler a t ion devices wh ich do n ot a u t om a t i-
c a l l y l i m i t fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o t w o fe e t (0.61
m ) o r l e s s , a n d fo r s y s t e m s w i t h d e c e l e r a t i o n
devices wh ich h a ve a con n ect ion dist a n ce in
e x c e s s o f o n e fo o t (0.3 m ) (m e a s u r e d b e t w e e n
t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t h e l i fe l i n e a n d t h e a t t a c h -
m e n t p o i n t t o t h e b o d y b e l t o r h a r n e s s ), t h e
t e s t w e i g h t s h o u l d b e r i g g e d t o fr e e fa l l a d i s -
t a n c e o f 7.5 fe e t (2.3 m ) fr o m a p o i n t t h a t i s
1.5 fe e t (46 c m ) a b o v e t h e a n c h o r a g e p o i n t , t o
i t s h a n g i n g l o c a t i o n (s i x fe e t b e l o w t h e a n -
c h o r a g e ). T h e t e s t w e i g h t s h o u l d fa l l w i t h o u t
i n t e r fe r e n c e , o b s t r u c t i o n , o r h i t t i n g t h e fl o o r
or gr ou n d du r in g t h e t est . In som e ca ses a
n o n -e l a s t i c w i r e l a n y a r d o f s u ffi c i e n t l e n g t h
m a y n e e d t o b e a d d e d t o t h e s y s t e m (fo r t e s t
p u r p o s e s ) t o c r e a t e t h e n e c e s s a r y fr e e fa l l
dist a n ce.
(6) F o r d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e s y s t e m s w i t h
i n t e g r a l l i fe l i n e s o r l a n y a r d s w h i c h a u t o -
m a t i c a l l y l i m i t fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o t w o fe e t
(0.61 m ) o r l e s s , t h e t e s t w e i g h t s h o u l d b e
r i g g e d t o fr e e fa l l a d i s t a n c e o f fo u r fe e t (1.22
m ).
(7) A n y w e i g h t w h i c h d e t a c h e s fr o m t h e
b e l t o r h a r n e s s s h o u l d c o n s t i t u t e fa i l u r e fo r
t h e st r en gt h t est .
(d ) F orce t est —(1) Gen era l. T h e t e s t c o n s i s t s
of dr oppin g t h e r espect ive t est weigh t speci-
fi e d i n (d )(2)(i ) o r (d )(3)(i ) o n c e . A n e w , u n -
u s e d s y s t e m s h o u l d b e u s e d fo r e a c h t e s t .
(2) F or la n y a rd sy st em s. (i ) A t e s t w e i g h t o f
220 p o u n d s p l u s o r m i n u s t h r e e p o u n d s (100
k g p l u s o r m i n u s 1.6 k g ) s h o u l d b e u s e d . (S e e
p a r a g r a p h (b )(4), a b o v e .)
(i i ) L a n y a r d l e n g t h s h o u l d b e s i x fe e t p l u s
o r m i n u s t w o i n c h e s (1.83 m p l u s o r m i n u s 5
c m ) a s m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e fi x e d a n c h o r a g e t o
t h e a t t a ch m en t on t h e body belt or body h a r -
n ess.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i i ) T h e t e s t w e i g h t s h o u l d fa l l fr e e fr o m
t h e a n ch or a ge level t o it s h a n gin g loca t ion
(a t o t a l o f s i x fe e t (1.83 m ) fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e )
w i t h o u t i n t e r fe r e n c e , o b s t r u c t i o n , o r h i t t i n g
t h e fl o o r o r g r o u n d d u r i n g t h e t e s t .
(3) F or a ll ot h er sy st em s. (i ) A t e s t w e i g h t o f
220 p o u n d s p l u s o r m i n u s t h r e e p o u n d s (100
k g p l u s o r m i n u s 1.6 k g ) s h o u l d b e u s e d . (S e e
p a r a g r a p h (b )(4), a b o v e .)
(i i ) T h e fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o b e u s e d i n t h e
t e s t s h o u l d b e t h e m a x i m u m fa l l d i s t a n c e
ph y sica lly per m it t ed by t h e sy st em du r in g
n or m a l u se con dit ion s, u p t o a m a xim u m
fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e fo r t h e t e s t w e i g h t o f s i x
fe e t (1.83 m ), e x c e p t a s fo l l o w s :
(A ) F o r d e c e l e r a t i o n s y s t e m s w h i c h h a v e a
con n ect ion lin k or la n y a r d, t h e t est weigh t
s h o u l d fr e e fa l l a d i s t a n c e e q u a l t o t h e c o n -
n e c t i o n d i s t a n c e (m e a s u r e d b e t w e e n t h e c e n -
t e r l i n e o f t h e l i fe l i n e a n d t h e a t t a c h m e n t
p o i n t t o t h e b o d y b e l t o r h a r n e s s ).
(B ) F o r d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e s y s t e m s w i t h
i n t e g r a l l i fe l i n e s o r l a n y a r d s w h i c h a u t o -
m a t i c a l l y l i m i t fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o t w o fe e t
(0.61 m ) o r l e s s , t h e t e s t w e i g h t s h o u l d fr e e
fa l l a d i s t a n c e e q u a l t o t h a t p e r m i t t e d b y t h e
s y s t e m i n n o r m a l u s e . (F o r e x a m p l e , t o t e s t
a s y s t e m w i t h a s e l f-r e t r a c t i n g l i fe l i n e o r
la n y a r d, t h e t est weigh t sh ou ld be su ppor t ed
a n d t h e s y s t e m a l l o w e d t o r e t r a c t t h e l i fe -
lin e or la n y a r d a s it wou ld in n or m a l u se.
T h e t est weigh t wou ld t h en be r elea sed a n d
t h e fo r c e a n d d e c e l e r a t i o n d i s t a n c e m e a s -
u r e d ).
(4) A s y s t e m fa i l s t h e fo r c e t e s t i f t h e r e -
c o r d e d m a x i m u m a r r e s t i n g fo r c e e x c e e d s
1,260 p o u n d s (15.6 k N ) w h e n u s i n g a b o d y b e l t ,
a n d /o r e x c e e d s 2,520 p o u n d s (11.2 k N ) w h e n
u sin g a body h a r n ess.
(5) T h e m a x i m u m e l o n g a t i o n a n d d e c e l e r a -
t ion dist a n ce sh ou ld be r ecor ded du r in g t h e
fo r c e t e s t .
(e ) D ecelera t ion d ev ice t est s—(1) Gen era l. T h e
device sh ou ld be eva lu a t ed or t est ed u n der
t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s , (s u c h a s r a i n ,
i c e , g r e a s e , d i r t , t y p e o f l i fe l i n e , e t c .), fo r
wh ich t h e device is design ed.
(2) R op e-gra b-t y p e d ecelera t ion d ev ices. (i )
D e v i c e s s h o u l d b e m o v e d o n a l i fe l i n e 1,000
t im es over t h e sa m e len gt h of lin e a dist a n ce
o f n o t l e s s t h a n o n e fo o t (30.5 c m ), a n d t h e
m ech a n ism sh ou ld lock ea ch t im e.
(i i ) U n l e s s t h e d e v i c e i s p e r m a n e n t l y
m a r k e d t o i n d i c a t e t h e t y p e (s ) o f l i fe l i n e
w h i c h m u s t b e u s e d , s e v e r a l t y p e s (d i ffe r e n t
d i a m e t e r s a n d d i ffe r e n t m a t e r i a l s ), o f l i fe -
lin es sh ou ld be u sed t o t est t h e device.
(3) O t h er self -a ct iv a t in q-t y p e d ecelera t ion d e-
v ices. T h e l o c k i n g m e c h a n i s m s o f o t h e r s e l f-
a c t i v a t i n g -t y p e d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e s d e -
s i g n e d fo r m o r e t h a n o n e a r r e s t s h o u l d l o c k
e a c h o f 1,000 t i m e s a s t h e y w o u l d i n n o r m a l
ser vice.
I I I . A d d it ion a l n on -m a n d a t ory gu id elin es f or
p erson a l f a ll a rrest sy st em s. T h e fo l l o w i n g i n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
fo r m a t i o n c o n s t i t u t e s a d d i t i o n a l g u i d e l i n e s
177
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00187 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
fo r u s e i n c o m p l y i n g w i t h r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a
p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m .
(a ) S elect ion a n d u se con sid era t ion s. T h e
k i n d o f p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s e l e c t e d
sh ou ld m a t ch t h e pa r t icu la r wor k sit u a t ion ,
a n d a n y p o s s i b l e fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e s h o u l d b e
k e p t t o a m i n i m u m . Co n s i d e r a t i o n s h o u l d b e
given t o t h e pa r t icu la r wor k en vir on m en t .
F or exa m ple, t h e pr esen ce of a cids, dir t ,
m o i s t u r e , o i l , g r e a s e , e t c ., a n d t h e i r e ffe c t o n
t h e sy st em , sh ou ld be eva lu a t ed. Hot or cold
e n v i r o n m e n t s m a y a l s o h a v e a n a d v e r s e a f-
fe c t o n t h e s y s t e m . Wi r e r o p e s h o u l d n o t b e
u s e d w h e r e a n e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d i s a n t i c i -
pa t ed. As r equ ir ed by t h e st a n da r d, t h e em -
ploy er m u st pla n t o h a ve m ea n s a va ila ble t o
p r o m p t l y r e s c u e a n e m p l o y e e s h o u l d a fa l l
occu r , sin ce t h e su spen ded em ploy ee m a y n ot
be a ble t o r ea ch a wor k level in depen den t ly .
Wh e r e l a n y a r d s , c o n n e c t o r s , a n d l i fe l i n e s
a r e su bject t o da m a ge by wor k oper a t ion s
su ch a s weldin g, ch em ica l clea n in g, a n d
sa n dbla st in g, t h e com pon en t sh ou ld be pr o-
t ect ed, or ot h er secu r in g sy st em s sh ou ld be
u s e d . T h e e m p l o y e r s h o u l d fu l l y e v a l u a t e t h e
w o r k c o n d i t i o n s a n d e n v i r o n m e n t (i n c l u d i n g
s e a s o n a l w e a t h e r c h a n g e s ) b e fo r e s e l e c t i n g
t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p e r s o n a l fa l l p r o t e c t i o n s y s -
t e m . On c e i n u s e , t h e s y s t e m ’s e ffe c t i v e n e s s
sh ou ld be m on it or ed. In som e ca ses, a pr o-
g r a m fo r c l e a n i n g a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e
sy st em m a y be n ecessa r y .
(b ) T est in g con sid era t ion s. B e fo r e p u r -
c h a s i n g o r p u t t i n g i n t o u s e a p e r s o n a l fa l l
a r r est sy st em , a n em ploy er sh ou ld obt a in
fr o m t h e s u p p l i e r i n fo r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e s y s -
t e m b a s e d o n i t s p e r fo r m a n c e d u r i n g t e s t i n g
so t h a t t h e em ploy er ca n k n ow if t h e sy st em
m eet s t h is st a n da r d. T est in g sh ou ld be don e
u s i n g r e c o g n i ze d t e s t m e t h o d s . S e c t i o n I I o f
t h is a ppen dix C con t a in s t est m et h ods r ecog-
n i ze d fo r e v a l u a t i n g t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f fa l l
a r r est sy st em s. Not a ll sy st em s m a y n eed t o
b e i n d i v i d u a l l y t e s t e d ; t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f
som e sy st em s m a y be ba sed on da t a a n d ca l-
c u l a t i o n s d e r i v e d fr o m t e s t i n g o f s i m i l a r s y s -
t e m s , p r o v i d e d t h a t e n o u g h i n fo r m a t i o n i s
a v a i l a b l e t o d e m o n s t r a t e s i m i l a r i t y o f fu n c -
t ion a n d design .
(c ) Com p on en t com p a t ibilit y con sid era t ion s.
I d e a l l y , a p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m i s d e -
sign ed, t est ed, a n d su pplied a s a com plet e
s y s t e m . H o w e v e r , i t i s c o m m o n p r a c t i c e fo r
l a n y a r d s , c o n n e c t o r s , l i fe l i n e s , d e c e l e r a t i o n
devices, body belt s a n d body h a r n esses t o be
in t er ch a n ged sin ce som e com pon en t s wea r
o u t b e fo r e o t h e r s . T h e e m p l o y e r a n d e m -
p l o y e e s h o u l d r e a l i ze t h a t n o t a l l c o m p o -
n en t s a r e in t er ch a n gea ble. F or in st a n ce, a
la n y a r d sh ou ld n ot be con n ect ed bet ween a
b o d y b e l t (o r h a r n e s s ) a n d a d e c e l e r a t i o n d e -
v i c e o f t h e s e l f-r e t r a c t i n g t y p e s i n c e t h i s c a n
r e s u l t i n a d d i t i o n a l fr e e fa l l fo r w h i c h t h e
sy st em wa s n ot design ed. An y su bst it u t ion
o r c h a n g e t o a p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m
s h o u l d b e fu l l y e v a l u a t e d o r t e s t e d b y a c o m -
pet en t per son t o det er m in e t h a t it m eet s t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
s t a n d a r d , b e fo r e t h e m o d i fi e d s y s t e m i s p u t
in u se.
(d ) E m p loy ee t ra in in g con sid era t ion s. T h o r -
ou gh em ploy ee t r a in in g in t h e select ion a n d
u s e o f p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s i s i m p e r a -
t i v e . A s s t a t e d i n t h e s t a n d a r d , b e fo r e t h e
equ ipm en t is u sed, em ploy ees m u st be
t r a i n e d i n t h e s a fe u s e o f t h e s y s t e m . T h i s
s h o u l d i n c l u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g : A p p l i c a t i o n
l i m i t s ; p r o p e r a n c h o r i n g a n d t i e -o ff t e c h -
n i q u e s ; e s t i m a t i o n o f fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e , i n -
clu din g det er m in a t ion of deceler a t ion dis-
t a n c e , a n d t o t a l fa l l d i s t a n c e t o p r e v e n t
st r ik in g a lower level; m et h ods of u se; a n d
i n s p e c t i o n a n d s t o r a g e o f t h e s y s t e m . Ca r e -
less or im pr oper u se of t h e equ ipm en t ca n r e-
su lt in ser iou s in ju r y or dea t h . E m ploy er s
a n d e m p l o y e e s s h o u l d b e c o m e fa m i l i a r w i t h
t h e m a t er ia l in t h is a ppen dix, a s well a s
m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , b e fo r e a
s y s t e m i s u s e d . Of u p p e r m o s t i m p o r t a n c e i s
t h e r edu ct ion in st r en gt h ca u sed by cer t a in
t i e -o ffs (s u c h a s u s i n g k n o t s , t y i n g a r o u n d
s h a r p e d g e s , e t c .) a n d m a x i m u m p e r m i t t e d
fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e . A l s o , t o b e s t r e s s e d a r e t h e
im por t a n ce of in spect ion s pr ior t o u se, t h e
lim it a t ion s of t h e equ ipm en t , a n d u n iqu e
con dit ion s a t t h e wor k sit e wh ich m a y be im -
por t a n t in det er m in in g t h e t y pe of sy st em t o
u se.
(e ) I n st ru ct ion con sid era t ion s. E m p l o y e r s
sh ou ld obt a in com pr eh en sive in st r u ct ion s
fr o m t h e s u p p l i e r a s t o t h e s y s t e m ’s p r o p e r
u se a n d a pplica t ion , in clu din g, wh er e a ppli-
ca ble:
(1) T h e fo r c e m e a s u r e d d u r i n g t h e s a m p l e
fo r c e t e s t ;
(2) T h e m a x i m u m e l o n g a t i o n m e a s u r e d fo r
l a n y a r d s d u r i n g t h e fo r c e t e s t ;
(3) T h e d e c e l e r a t i o n d i s t a n c e m e a s u r e d fo r
d e c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e s d u r i n g t h e fo r c e t e s t ;
(4) Ca u t i o n s t a t e m e n t s o n c r i t i c a l u s e l i m i -
t a t ion s;
(5) A p p l i c a t i o n l i m i t s ;
(6) P r o p e r h o o k -u p , a n c h o r i n g a n d t i e -o ff
t e c h n i q u e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e p r o p e r d e e -r i n g o r
ot h er a t t a ch m en t poin t t o u se on t h e body
b e l t a n d h a r n e s s fo r fa l l a r r e s t ;
(7) P r o p e r c l i m b i n g t e c h n i q u e s ;
(8) M e t h o d s o f i n s p e c t i o n , u s e , c l e a n i n g ,
a n d st or a ge; a n d
(9) S p e c i fi c l i fe l i n e s w h i c h m a y b e u s e d .
T h i s i n fo r m a t i o n s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d t o e m -
ploy ees du r in g t r a in in g.
(f) I n sp ect ion con sid era t ion s. A s s t a t e d i n
t h e s t a n d a r d (s e c t i o n I , P a r a g r a p h (f)), p e r -
s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s m u s t b e r e g u l a r l y
i n s p e c t e d . A n y c o m p o n e n t w i t h a n y s i g n i fi -
c a n t d e fe c t , s u c h a s c u t s , t e a r s , a b r a s i o n s ,
m old, or u n du e st r et ch in g; a lt er a t ion s or a d-
d i t i o n s w h i c h m i g h t a ffe c t i t s e ffi c i e n c y ;
da m a ge du e t o det er ior a t ion ; con t a ct wit h
fi r e , a c i d s , o r o t h e r c o r r o s i v e s ; d i s t o r t e d
h o o k s o r fa u l t y h o o k s p r i n g s ; t o n g u e s
u n fi t t e d t o t h e s h o u l d e r o f b u c k l e s ; l o o s e o r
d a m a g e d m o u n t i n g s ; n o n -fu n c t i o n i n g p a r t s ;
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
or wea r in g or in t er n a l det er ior a t ion in t h e
178
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
r o p e s m u s t b e w i t h d r a w n fr o m s e r v i c e i m m e -
dia t ely , a n d sh ou ld be t a gged or m a r k ed a s
u n u sa ble, or dest r oy ed.
(g ) R escu e con sid era t ion s. A s r e q u i r e d b y t h e
s t a n d a r d (s e c t i o n I , P a r a g r a p h (e )(8)), w h e n
p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s a r e u s e d , t h e
em ploy er m u st a ssu r e t h a t em ploy ees ca n be
pr om pt ly r escu ed or ca n r escu e t h em selves
s h o u l d a fa l l o c c u r . T h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f r e s -
cu e per son n el, la dder s or ot h er r escu e equ ip-
m en t sh ou ld be eva lu a t ed. In som e sit u a -
t ion s, equ ipm en t wh ich a llows em ploy ees t o
r e s c u e t h e m s e l v e s a ft e r t h e fa l l h a s b e e n a r -
r est ed m a y be desir a ble, su ch a s devices
wh ich h a ve descen t ca pa bilit y .
(h ) T ie-of f con sid era t ion s. (1) On e o f t h e
m o s t i m p o r t a n t a s p e c t s o f p e r s o n a l fa l l p r o -
t e c t i o n s y s t e m s i s fu l l y p l a n n i n g t h e s y s t e m
bef ore i t i s p u t i n t o u s e . P r o b a b l y t h e m o s t
o v e r l o o k e d c o m p o n e n t i s p l a n n i n g fo r s u i t -
a ble a n ch or a ge poin t s. S u ch pla n n in g sh ou ld
i d e a l l y b e d o n e b e fo r e t h e s t r u c t u r e o r b u i l d -
in g is con st r u ct ed so t h a t a n ch or a ge poin t s
c a n b e i n c o r p o r a t e d d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n fo r
u s e l a t e r fo r w i n d o w c l e a n i n g o r o t h e r b u i l d -
in g m a in t en a n ce. If pr oper ly pla n n ed, t h ese
a n c h o r a g e p o i n t s m a y b e u s e d d u rin g c o n -
s t r u c t i o n , a s w e l l a s a ft e r w a r d s .
(2) E m p l o y e r s a n d e m p l o y e e s s h o u l d a t a l l
t im es be a wa r e t h a t t h e st r en gt h of a per -
s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m i s b a s e d o n i t s b e i n g
a t t a ch ed t o a n a n ch or in g sy st em wh ich does
n o t s i g n i fi c a n t l y r e d u c e t h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e
s y s t e m (s u c h a s a p r o p e r l y d i m e n s i o n e d e y e -
b o l t /s n a p -h o o k a n c h o r a g e ). T h e r e fo r e , i f a
m ea n s of a t t a ch m en t is u sed t h a t will r edu ce
t h e st r en gt h of t h e sy st em , t h a t com pon en t
sh ou ld be r epla ced by a st r on ger on e, bu t on e
t h a t will a lso m a in t a in t h e a ppr opr ia t e m a x-
i m u m a r r e s t fo r c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .
(3) T i e -o ff u s i n g a k n o t i n a r o p e l a n y a r d o r
l i fe l i n e (a t a n y l o c a t i o n ) c a n r e d u c e t h e l i fe -
l i n e o r l a n y a r d s t r e n g t h b y 50 p e r c e n t o r
m o r e . T h e r e fo r e , a s t r o n g e r l a n y a r d o r l i fe -
l i n e s h o u l d b e u s e d t o c o m p e n s a t e fo r t h e
w e a k e n i n g e ffe c t o f t h e k n o t , o r t h e l a n y a r d
l e n g t h s h o u l d b e r e d u c e d (o r t h e t i e -o ff l o c a -
t i o n r a i s e d ) t o m i n i m i ze fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e , o r
t h e l a n y a r d o r l i fe l i n e s h o u l d b e r e p l a c e d b y
on e wh ich h a s a n a ppr opr ia t ely in cor por a t ed
c o n n e c t o r t o e l i m i n a t e t h e n e e d fo r a k n o t .
(4) T i e -o ff o f a r o p e l a n y a r d o r l i fe l i n e
a r o u n d a n ‘‘H ’’ o r ‘‘I ’’ b e a m o r s i m i l a r s u p -
p o r t c a n r e d u c e i t s s t r e n g t h a s m u c h a s 70
per cen t du e t o t h e cu t t in g a ct ion of t h e
b e a m e d g e s . T h e r e fo r e , u s e s h o u l d b e m a d e o f
a w e b b i n g l a n y a r d o r w i r e c o r e l i fe l i n e
a r o u n d t h e b e a m ; o r t h e l a n y a r d o r l i fe l i n e
s h o u l d b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m t h e e d g e ; o r fr e e
fa l l d i s t a n c e s h o u l d b e g r e a t l y m i n i m i ze d .
(5) T i e -o ff w h e r e t h e l i n e p a s s e s o v e r o r
a r o u n d r o u g h o r s h a r p s u r fa c e s r e d u c e s
s t r e n g t h d r a s t i c a l l y . S u c h a t i e -o ff s h o u l d b e
a v o i d e d o r a n a l t e r n a t i v e t i e -o ff r i g g i n g
sh ou ld be u sed. S u ch a lt er n a t ives m a y in -
c l u d e u s e o f a s n a p -h o o k /d e e r i n g c o n n e c t i o n ,
w i r e r o p e t i e -o ff, a n e ffe c t i v e p a d d i n g o f t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
s u r fa c e s , o r a n a b r a s i o n -r e s i s t a n c e s t r a p
a r o u n d o r o v e r t h e p r o b l e m s u r fa c e .
(6) H o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e s m a y , d e p e n d i n g o n
t h eir geom et r y a n d a n gle of sa g, be su bject ed
t o gr ea t er loa ds t h a n t h e im pa ct loa d im -
p o s e d b y a n a t t a c h e d c o m p o n e n t . Wh e n t h e
a n g l e o f h o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e s a g i s l e s s t h a n 30
d e g r e e s , t h e i m p a c t fo r c e i m p a r t e d t o t h e
l i fe l i n e b y a n a t t a c h e d l a n y a r d i s g r e a t l y
a m p l i fi e d . F o r e x a m p l e , w i t h a s a g a n g l e o f
15 d e g r e e s , t h e fo r c e a m p l i fi c a t i o n i s a b o u t
2:1 a n d a t 5 d e g r e e s s a g , i t i s a b o u t 6:1. D e -
p e n d i n g o n t h e a n g l e o f s a g , a n d t h e l i n e ’s
e l a s t i c i t y , t h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e h o r i zo n t a l l i fe -
lin e a n d t h e a n ch or a ges t o wh ich it is a t -
t a ch ed sh ou ld be in cr ea sed a n u m ber of
t im es over t h a t of t h e la n y a r d. E xt r em e ca r e
s h o u l d b e t a k e n i n c o n s i d e r i n g a h o r i zo n t a l
l i fe l i n e fo r m u l t i p l e t i e -o ffs . T h e r e a s o n fo r
t h i s i s t h a t i n m u l t i p l e t i e -o ffs t o a h o r i -
zo n t a l l i fe l i n e , i f o n e e m p l o y e e fa l l s , t h e
m o v e m e n t o f t h e fa l l i n g e m p l o y e e a n d t h e
h o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e d u r i n g a r r e s t o f t h e fa l l
m a y c a u s e o t h e r e m p l o y e e s t o a l s o fa l l . H o r i -
zo n t a l l i fe l i n e a n d a n c h o r a g e s t r e n g t h s h o u l d
b e i n c r e a s e d fo r e a c h a d d i t i o n a l e m p l o y e e t o
b e t i e d -o ff. F o r t h e s e a n d o t h e r r e a s o n s , t h e
d e s i g n o f s y s t e m s u s i n g h o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e s
m u s t o n l y b e d o n e b y q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n s . T e s t -
i n g o f i n s t a l l e d l i fe l i n e s a n d a n c h o r s p r i o r t o
u se is r ecom m en ded.
(7) T h e s t r e n g t h o f a n e y e -b o l t i s r a t e d
a lon g t h e a xis of t h e bolt a n d it s st r en gt h is
g r e a t l y r e d u c e d i f t h e fo r c e i s a p p l i e d a t a n
a n g l e t o t h i s a x i s (i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f s h e a r ).
Also, ca r e sh ou ld be exer cised in select in g
t h e pr oper dia m et er of t h e ey e t o a void a cci-
d e n t a l d i s e n g a g e m e n t o f s n a p -h o o k s n o t d e -
s i g n e d t o b e c o m p a t i b l e fo r t h e c o n n e c t i o n .
(8) D u e t o t h e s i g n i fi c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n t h e
s t r e n g t h o f t h e l i fe l i n e /l a n y a r d (i n s o m e
c a s e s , a s m u c h a s a 70 p e r c e n t r e d u c t i o n ), t h e
s l i d i n g h i t c h k n o t s h o u l d n o t b e u s e d fo r l i fe -
l i n e /l a n y a r d c o n n e c t i o n s e x c e p t i n e m e r -
gen cy sit u a t ion s wh er e n o ot h er a va ila ble
s y s t e m i s p r a c t i c a l . T h e ‘‘o n e -a n d -o n e ’’ s l i d -
in g h it ch k n ot sh ou ld n ever be u sed beca u se
i t i s u n r e l i a b l e i n s t o p p i n g a fa l l . T h e ‘‘t w o -
a n d -t w o ,’’ o r ‘‘t h r e e -a n d -t h r e e ’’ k n o t (p r e f-
e r a b l e ), m a y b e u s e d i n e m e r g e n c y s i t u a -
t ion s; h owever , ca r e sh ou ld be t a k en t o lim it
fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o a m i n i m u m b e c a u s e o f
r e d u c e d l i fe l i n e /l a n y a r d s t r e n g t h .
(i ) V ert ica l lif elin e con sid era t ion s. A s r e -
qu ir ed by t h e st a n da r d, ea ch em ploy ee m u st
h a v e a s e p a r a t e l i fe l i n e w h e n t h e l i fe l i n e i s
v e r t i c a l . T h e r e a s o n fo r t h i s i s t h a t i n m u l -
t i p l e t i e -o ffs t o a s i n g l e l i fe l i n e , i f o n e e m -
p l o y e e fa l l s , t h e m o v e m e n t o f t h e l i fe l i n e
d u r i n g t h e a r r e s t o f t h e fa l l m a y p u l l o t h e r
e m p l o y e e s ’ l a n y a r d s , c a u s i n g t h e m t o fa l l a s
well.
(j ) S n a p -h ook con sid era t ion s. A l t h o u g h n o t
r e q u i r e d b y t h i s s t a n d a r d fo r a l l c o n n e c t i o n s ,
l o c k i n g s n a p -h o o k s d e s i g n e d fo r c o n n e c t i o n
t o s u i t a b l e o b j e c t s (o f s u ffi c i e n t s t r e n g t h )
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a r e h igh ly r ecom m en ded in lieu of t h e n on -
179
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00189 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
l o c k i n g t y p e . L o c k i n g s n a p -h o o k s i n c o r -
por a t e a posit ive lock in g m ech a n ism in a ddi-
t ion t o t h e spr in g loa ded k eeper , wh ich will
n ot a llow t h e k eeper t o open u n der m oder a t e
p r e s s u r e w i t h o u t s o m e o n e fi r s t r e l e a s i n g t h e
m e c h a n i s m . S u c h a fe a t u r e , p r o p e r l y d e -
s i g n e d , e ffe c t i v e l y p r e v e n t s r o l l -o u t fr o m o c -
cu r r in g.
A s r e q u i r e d b y t h e s t a n d a r d (s e c t i o n I ,
p a r a g r a p h (e )(1)) t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n n e c t i o n s
m u s t b e a v o i d e d (u n l e s s p r o p e r l y d e s i g n e d
l o c k i n g s n a p -h o o k s a r e u s e d ) b e c a u s e t h e y
a r e c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h c a n r e s u l t i n r o l l -o u t
w h e n a n o n l o c k i n g s n a p -h o o k i s u s e d :
• D i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n o f a s n a p -h o o k t o a
h o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e .
• T w o (o r m o r e ) s n a p -h o o k s c o n n e c t e d t o
o n e d e e -r i n g .
• T w o s n a p -h o o k s c o n n e c t e d t o e a c h o t h e r .
• A s n a p -h o o k c o n n e c t e d b a c k o n i t s i n t e -
gr a l la n y a r d.
• A s n a p -h o o k c o n n e c t e d t o a w e b b i n g l o o p
or webbin g la n y a r d.
• I m p r o p e r d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e d e e -r i n g ,
r eba r , or ot h er con n ect ion poin t in r ela t ion
t o t h e s n a p -h o o k d i m e n s i o n s w h i c h w o u l d
a l l o w t h e s n a p -h o o k k e e p e r t o b e d e p r e s s e d
b y a t u r n i n g m o t i o n o f t h e s n a p -h o o k .
(k ) F ree f a ll con sid era t ion s. T h e e m p l o y e r
a n d em ploy ee sh ou ld a t a ll t im es be a wa r e
t h a t a s y s t e m ’s m a x i m u m a r r e s t i n g fo r c e i s
eva lu a t ed u n der n or m a l u se con dit ion s es-
t a b l i s h e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r , a n d i n n o
c a s e u s i n g a fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e i n e x c e s s o f s i x
fe e t (1.8 m ). A fe w e x t r a fe e t o f fr e e fa l l c a n
s i g n i fi c a n t l y i n c r e a s e t h e a r r e s t i n g fo r c e o n
t h e em ploy ee, possibly t o t h e poin t of ca u s-
i n g i n j u r y . B e c a u s e o f t h i s , t h e fr e e fa l l d i s -
t a n ce sh ou ld be k ept a t a m in im u m , a n d, a s
r equ ir ed by t h e st a n da r d, in n o ca se gr ea t er
t h a n s i x fe e t (1.8 m ). T o h e l p a s s u r e t h i s , t h e
t i e -o ff a t t a c h m e n t p o i n t t o t h e l i fe l i n e o r a n -
ch or sh ou ld be loca t ed a t or a bove t h e con -
n e c t i o n p o i n t o f t h e fa l l a r r e s t e q u i p m e n t t o
b e l t o r h a r n e s s . (S i n c e o t h e r w i s e a d d i t i o n a l
fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e i s a d d e d t o t h e l e n g t h o f
t h e c o n n e c t i n g m e a n s (i .e . l a n y a r d )). A t t a c h -
i n g t o t h e w o r k i n g s u r fa c e w i l l o ft e n r e s u l t
i n a fr e e fa l l g r e a t e r t h a n s i x fe e t (1.8 m ). F o r
i n s t a n c e , i f a s i x fo o t (1.8 m ) l a n y a r d i s u s e d ,
t h e t o t a l fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e w i l l b e t h e d i s -
t a n c e fr o m t h e w o r k i n g l e v e l t o t h e b o d y
b e l t (o r h a r n e s s ) a t t a c h m e n t p o i n t p l u s t h e
s i x fe e t (1.8 m ) o f l a n y a r d l e n g t h . A n o t h e r
im por t a n t con sider a t ion is t h a t t h e a r r est -
i n g fo r c e w h i c h t h e fa l l s y s t e m m u s t w i t h -
st a n d a lso goes u p wit h gr ea t er dist a n ces of
fr e e fa l l , p o s s i b l y e x c e e d i n g t h e s t r e n g t h o f
t h e sy st em .
(l ) E lon ga t ion a n d d ecelera t ion d ist a n ce con -
sid era t ion s. Ot h e r fa c t o r s i n v o l v e d i n a p r o p e r
t i e -o ff a r e e l o n g a t i o n a n d d e c e l e r a t i o n d i s -
t a n c e . D u r i n g t h e a r r e s t i n g o f a fa l l , a l a n -
y a r d will exper ien ce a len gt h of st r et ch in g or
elon ga t ion , wh er ea s a ct iva t ion of a deceler a -
t ion device will r esu lt in a cer t a in st oppin g
dist a n ce. T h ese dist a n ces sh ou ld be a va ila ble
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
w i t h t h e l a n y a r d o r d e v i c e ’s i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d
m u s t b e a d d e d t o t h e fr e e fa l l d i s t a n c e t o a r -
r i v e a t t h e t o t a l fa l l d i s t a n c e b e fo r e a n e m -
p l o y e e i s fu l l y s t o p p e d . T h e a d d i t i o n a l s t o p -
p i n g d i s t a n c e m a y b e v e r y s i g n i fi c a n t i f t h e
la n y a r d or deceler a t ion device is a t t a ch ed
n e a r o r a t t h e e n d o f a l o n g l i fe l i n e , w h i c h
m a y it self a dd con sider a ble dist a n ce du e t o
it s own elon ga t ion . As r equ ir ed by t h e st a n d-
a r d , s u ffi c i e n t d i s t a n c e t o a l l o w fo r a l l o f
t h e s e fa c t o r s m u s t a l s o b e m a i n t a i n e d b e -
t ween t h e em ploy ee a n d obst r u ct ion s below,
t o p r e v e n t a n i n j u r y d u e t o i m p a c t b e fo r e t h e
s y s t e m fu l l y a r r e s t s t h e fa l l . I n a d d i t i o n , a
m i n i m u m o f 12 fe e t (3.7 m ) o f l i fe l i n e s h o u l d
be a llowed below t h e secu r in g poin t of a r ope
gr a b t y pe deceler a t ion device, a n d t h e en d
t e r m i n a t e d t o p r e v e n t t h e d e v i c e fr o m s l i d -
i n g o ff t h e l i fe l i n e . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e l i fe l i n e
sh ou ld ext en d t o t h e gr ou n d or t h e n ext
wor k in g level below. T h ese m ea su r es a r e
s u g g e s t e d t o p r e v e n t t h e w o r k e r fr o m i n a d -
v e r t e n t l y m o v i n g p a s t t h e e n d o f t h e l i fe l i n e
a n d h a vin g t h e r ope gr a b becom e disen ga ged
fr o m t h e l i fe l i n e .
(m ) O bst ru ct ion con sid era t ion s. T h e l o c a t i o n
o f t h e t i e -o ff s h o u l d a l s o c o n s i d e r t h e h a za r d
o f o b s t r u c t i o n s i n t h e p o t e n t i a l fa l l p a t h o f
t h e e m p l o y e e . T i e -o ffs w h i c h m i n i m i ze t h e
possibilit ies of exa gger a t ed swin gin g sh ou ld
be con sider ed. In a ddit ion , wh en a body belt
i s u s e d , t h e e m p l o y e e ’s b o d y w i l l g o t h r o u g h
a h o r i zo n t a l p o s i t i o n t o a j a c k -k n i fe d p o s i -
t i o n d u r i n g t h e a r r e s t o f a l l fa l l s . T h u s , o b -
s t r u c t i o n s w h i c h m i g h t i n t e r fe r e w i t h t h i s
m ot ion sh ou ld be a voided or a sever e in ju r y
cou ld occu r .
(n ) O t h er con sid era t ion s. B e c a u s e o f t h e d e -
s i g n o f s o m e p e r s o n a l fa l l a r r e s t s y s t e m s , a d -
d i t i o n a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s m a y b e r e q u i r e d fo r
p r o p e r t i e -o ff. F o r e x a m p l e , h e a v y d e c e l e r a -
t i o n d e v i c e s o f t h e s e l f-r e t r a c t i n g t y p e
sh ou ld be secu r ed over h ea d in or der t o a void
t h e weigh t of t h e device h a vin g t o be su p-
por t ed by t he em ploy ee. Also,
s e l fr e t r a c t i n g e q u i p m e n t i s c o n n e c t e d t o a
h o r i zo n t a l l i fe l i n e , t h e s a g i n t h e l i fe l i n e
s h o u l d b e m i n i m i ze d t o p r e v e n t t h e d e v i c e
fr o m s l i d i n g d o w n t h e l i fe l i n e t o a p o s i t i o n
w h i c h c r e a t e s a s w i n g h a za r d d u r i n g fa l l a r -
r e s t . I n a l l c a s e s , m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s i n s t r u c -
t i o n s s h o u l d b e fo l l o w e d .
A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.66—E X I S T I N G
I N S T A L L A T I ON S (M A N D A T OR Y )
U se of t h e A p p en d ix
Appen dix D set s ou t t h e m a n da t or y bu ild-
i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a p p l i c a -
b l e p e r m a n e n t i n s t a l l a t i o n s c o m p l e t e d a ft e r
A u g u s t 27, 1971, a n d n o l a t e r t h a n J u l y 23,
1990 w h i c h a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h e p a r a g r a p h s
(a ), (b )(1), (b )(2), (c ), (d ), (e ), a n d (f) o f t h i s
st a n da r d. T h e r equ ir em en t s in a ppen dix D
a r e essen t ia lly t h e sa m e a s u n r evised bu ild-
in g a n d equ ipm en t pr ovision s wh ich pr e-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
v i o u s l y w e r e d e s i g n a t e d a s 29 CF R 1910.66 (a ),
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00190 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(b ), (c ) a n d (d ) a n d w h i c h w e r e e ffe c t i v e o n
A u g u s t 27, 1971.
N OT E : A l l e x i s t i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n s s u b j e c t t o
t h is a ppen dix sh a ll a lso com ply wit h pa r a -
g r a p h s (g ), (h ), (i ), (j ) a n d a p p e n d i x C o f t h e
s t a n d a r d 29 CF R 1910.66.
(a ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is a p p en d ix —
(1) A n gu la t ed rop in g. A s y s t e m o f p l a t fo r m
su spen sion in wh ich t h e u pper wir e r ope
sh ea ves or su spen sion poin t s a r e closer t o
t h e p l a n e o f t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e t h a n t h e c o r -
r espon din g a t t a ch m en t poin t s on t h e pla t -
fo r m , t h u s c a u s i n g t h e p l a t fo r m t o p r e s s
a g a i n s t t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g d u r i n g i t s
ver t ica l t r a vel.
(2) A N S I . A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s I n -
st it u t e.
(3) B a bbit t ed f a st en in gs. T h e m e t h o d o f p r o -
vidin g wir e r ope a t t a ch m en t s in wh ich t h e
en ds of t h e wir e st r a n ds a r e ben t ba ck a n d
a r e h eld in a t a per ed sock et by m ea n s of
pou r ed m olt en ba bbit t m et a l.
(4) B ra k e— d isc t y p e. A b r a k e i n w h i c h t h e
h o l d i n g e ffe c t i s o b t a i n e d b y fr i c t i o n a l r e -
s i s t a n c e b e t w e e n o n e o r m o r e fa c e s o f d i s c s
k ey ed t o t h e r ot a t in g m em ber t o be h eld a n d
fi x e d d i s c s k e y e d t o t h e s t a t i o n a r y o r h o u s -
i n g m e m b e r (p r e s s u r e b e t w e e n t h e d i s c s
b e i n g a p p l i e d a x i a l l y ).
(5) B ra k e— self -en ergiz in g ba n d t y p e. A n e s -
sen t ia lly u n dir ect ion a l br a k e in wh ich t h e
h o l d i n g e ffe c t i s o b t a i n e d b y t h e s n u b b i n g
a c t i o n o f a fl e x i b l e b a n d w r a p p e d a b o u t a c y -
l i n d r i c a l w h e e l o r d r u m a ffi x e d t o t h e r o t a t -
in g m em ber t o be h eld, t h e con n ect ion s a n d
lin k a ges bein g so a r r a n ged t h a t t h e m ot ion
of t h e br a k e wh eel or dr u m will a ct t o in -
c r e a s e t h e t e n s i o n o r h o l d i n g fo r c e o f t h e
ba n d.
(6) B ra k e— sh oe t y p e. A b r a k e i n w h i c h t h e
h o l d i n g e ffe c t i s o b t a i n e d b y a p p l y i n g t h e d i -
r e c t p r e s s u r e o f t w o o r m o r e s e g m e n t a l fr i c -
if
t ion elem en t s h eld t o a st a t ion a r y m em ber
a g a i n s t a c y l i n d r i c a l w h e e l o r d r u m a ffi x e d
t o t h e r ot a t in g m em ber t o be h eld.
(7) B u ild in g f a ce rollers. A s p e c i a l i ze d fo r m
of gu ide r oller design ed t o con t a ct a por t ion
o f t h e o u t e r fa c e o r w a l l s t r u c t u r e o f t h e
b u i l d i n g , a n d t o a s s i s t i n s t a b i l i zi n g t h e o p -
e r a t o r s ’ p l a t fo r m d u r i n g v e r t i c a l t r a v e l .
(8) Con t in u ou s p ressu re. Op e r a t i o n b y m e a n s
of bu t t on s or swit ch es, a n y on e of wh ich m a y
be u sed t o con t r ol t h e m ovem en t of t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m o r r o o f c a r , o n l y a s l o n g a s
t h e bu t t on or swit ch is m a n u a lly m a in t a in ed
in t h e a ct u a t in g posit ion .
(9) Con t rol. A s y s t e m g o v e r n i n g s t a r t i n g ,
st oppin g, dir ect ion , a cceler a t ion , speed, a n d
r et a r da t ion of m ovin g m em ber s.
(10) Con t roller. A d e v i c e o r g r o u p o f d e v i c e s ,
u su a lly con t a in ed in a sin gle en closu r e,
wh ich ser ves t o con t r ol in som e pr edet er -
m in ed m a n n er t h e a ppa r a t u s t o wh ich it is
con n ect ed.
180
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(11) E lect rica l grou n d . A c o n d u c t i n g c o n n e c -
t ion bet ween a n elect r ica l cir cu it or equ ip-
m en t a n d t h e ea r t h , or som e con du ct in g
body wh ich ser ves in pla ce of t h e ea r t h .
(12) Gu id e roller. A r o t a t i n g , b e a r i n g -
m ou n t ed, gen er a lly cy lin dr ica l m em ber , op-
er a t in g sepa r a t ely or a s pa r t of a gu ide sh oe
a s s e m b l y , a t t a c h e d t o t h e p l a t fo r m , a n d p r o -
vidin g r ollin g con t a ct wit h bu ildin g gu ide-
wa y s, or ot h er bu ildin g con t a ct m em ber s.
(13) Gu id e sh oe. A n a s s e m b l y o f r o l l e r s ,
slide m em ber s, or t h e equ iva len t , a t t a ch ed
a s a u n i t t o t h e o p e r a t o r s ’ p l a t fo r m , a n d d e -
sign ed t o en ga ge wit h t h e bu ildin g m em ber s
p r o v i d e d fo r t h e v e r t i c a l g u i d a n c e o f t h e o p -
e r a t o r s ’ p l a t fo r m .
(14) I n t erlock . A d e v i c e a c t u a t e d b y t h e o p -
er a t ion of som e ot h er device wit h wh ich it is
dir ect ly a ssocia t ed, t o gover n su cceedin g op-
er a t ion s of t h e sa m e or a llied devices.
(15) O p era t in g d ev ice. A p u s h b u t t o n , l e v e r ,
or ot h er m a n u a l device u sed t o a ct u a t e a
con t r ol.
(16) P ow ered p la t f orm . E q u i p m e n t t o p r o v i d e
a c c e s s t o t h e e x t e r i o r o f a b u i l d i n g fo r m a i n -
t e n a n c e , c o n s i s t i n g o f a s u s p e n d e d p o w e r -o p -
e r a t e d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m , a r o o f c a r , o r o t h e r
su spen sion m ea n s, a n d t h e r equ isit e oper -
a t in g a n d con t r ol devices.
(17) R a t ed loa d . T h e c o m b i n e d w e i g h t o f
em ploy ees, t ools, equ ipm en t , a n d ot h er m a -
t e r i a l w h i c h t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m i s d e -
s i g n e d a n d i n s t a l l e d t o l i ft .
(18) R ela y , d irect ion . A n e l e c t r i c a l l y e n e r -
g i ze d c o n t a c t o r r e s p o n s i v e t o a n i n i t i a t i n g
con t r ol cir cu it , wh ich in t u r n ca u ses a m ov-
in g m em ber t o t r a vel in a pa r t icu la r dir ec-
t ion .
(19) R ela y , p ot en t ia l f or v ert ica l t ra v el. A n
e l e c t r i c a l l y e n e r g i ze d c o n t a c t o r r e s p o n s i v e
t o in it ia t in g con t r ol cir cu it , wh ich in t u r n
con t r ols t h e oper a t ion of a m ovin g m em ber
in bot h dir ect ion s. T h is r ela y u su a lly oper -
a t es in con ju n ct ion wit h dir ect ion r ela y s, a s
c o v e r e d u n d e r t h e d e fi n i t i o n , ‘‘r e l a y , d i r e c -
t i o n .’’
(20) R oof ca r. A s t r u c t u r e fo r t h e s u s p e n -
s i o n o f a w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m , p r o v i d i n g fo r i t s
h o r i zo n t a l m o v e m e n t t o w o r k i n g p o s i t i o n s .
(21) R oof -p ow ered p la t f orm . A p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m h a v i n g t h e r a i s i n g a n d l o w e r i n g m e c h a -
n ism loca t ed on a r oof ca r .
(22) S elf -p ow ered p la t f orm . A p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m h a v i n g t h e r a i s i n g a n d l o w e r i n g m e c h a -
n i s m l o c a t e d o n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m .
(23) T ra v elin g ca ble. A c a b l e m a d e u p o f
elect r ica l or com m u n ica t ion con du ct or s or
bot h , a n d pr ovidin g elect r ica l con n ect ion be-
t w e e n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m a n d t h e r o o f c a r
o r o t h e r fi x e d p o i n t .
(24) W ea t h erp roof . E q u i p m e n t s o c o n -
st r u ct ed or pr ot ect ed t h a t exposu r e t o t h e
w e a t h e r w i l l n o t i n t e r fe r e w i t h i t s p r o p e r o p -
er a t ion .
(25) W ork in g p la t f orm . T h e s u s p e n d e d s t r u c -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t u r e a r r a n g e d fo r v e r t i c a l t r a v e l w h i c h p r o -
181
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00191 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
vides a ccess t o t h e ext er ior of t h e bu ildin g or
st r u ct u r e.
(26) Y ield p oin t . T h e s t r e s s a t w h i c h t h e m a -
t e r i a l e x h i b i t s a p e r m a n e n t s e t o f 0.2 p e r -
cen t .
(27) Z in ced f a st en in gs. T h e m e t h o d o f p r o -
vidin g wir e r ope a t t a ch m en t s in wh ich t h e
s p l a y e d o r fa n n e d w i r e e n d s a r e h e l d i n a t a -
per ed sock et by m ea n s of pou r ed m olt en
zi n c .
(b ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (1) D e s i g n r e q u i r e -
m e n t s . A l l p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m i n s t a l l a t i o n s
fo r e x t e r i o r b u i l d i n g m a i n t e n a n c e c o m p l e t e d
a s o f A u g u s t 27, 1971, b u t n o l a t e r t h a n [i n -
s e r t d a t e , 180 d a y s a ft e r t h e e ffe c t i v e d a t e ],
sh a ll m eet a ll of t h e design , con st r u ct ion a n d
in st a lla t ion r equ ir em en t s of P a r t II a n d III
o f t h e ‘‘A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d S a fe t y
R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r P o w e r e d P l a t fo r m s fo r E x -
t e r i o r B u i l d i n g M a i n t e n a n c e A N S I A 120.1–
1970’’ a n d o f t h i s a p p e n d i x . R e fe r e n c e s s h a l l
b e m a d e t o a p p r o p r i a t e p a r t s o f A N S I A 120.1–
1970 fo r d e t a i l s p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r e q u i p m e n t
a n d specia l in st a lla t ion s.
(2) L im it a t ion . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s a p -
pen dix a pply on ly t o elect r ic power ed pla t -
fo r m s . I t i s n o t t h e i n t e n t o f t h i s a p p e n d i x t o
pr oh ibit t h e u se of ot h er t y pes of power . In -
s t a l l a t i o n o f p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s u s i n g o t h e r
t y pes of power is per m it t ed, pr ovided su ch
p l a t fo r m s h a v e a d e q u a t e p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s
fo r t h e t y p e o f p o w e r u s e d , a n d o t h e r w i s e
p r o v i d e fo r r e a s o n a b l e s a fe t y o f l i fe a n d l i m b
t o u ser s of equ ipm en t a n d t o ot h er s wh o m a y
be exposed.
(3) T y p es of p ow ered p la t f orm s. (i ) F o r t h e
pu r pose of a pply in g t h is a ppen dix, power ed
p l a t fo r m s a r e d i v i d e d i n t o t w o b a s i c t y p e s ,
T y pe F a n d T y pe T .
(i i ) P o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s d e s i g n a t e d a s T y p e
F sh a ll m eet a ll t h e r equ ir em en t s in P a r t II
o f A N S I A 120.1–1970, A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l
S t a n d a r d S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r P o w e r e d
P l a t fo r m s fo r E x t e r i o r B u i l d i n g M a i n t e -
n a n ce. A ba sic r equ ir em en t of T y pe F equ ip-
m e n t i s t h a t t h e w o r k p l a t fo r m i s s u s p e n d e d
b y a t l e a s t fo u r w i r e r o p e s a n d d e s i g n e d s o
t h a t fa i l u r e o f a n y o n e w i r e r o p e w i l l n o t
su bst a n t ia lly a lt er t h e n or m a l posit ion of
t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m . A n o t h e r b a s i c r e q u i r e -
m en t of T y pe F equ ipm en t is t h a t on ly on e
la y er of h oist in g r ope is per m it t ed on win d-
i n g d r u m s . T y p e F p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s m a y b e
e i t h e r r o o f-p o w e r e d o r s e l f-p o w e r e d .
(i i i ) P o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s d e s i g n a t e d a s T y p e
T sh a ll m eet a ll t h e r equ ir em en t s in P a r t III
o f A N S I A 120.1–1970 A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l
S t a n d a r d S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r P o w e r e d
P l a t fo r m s fo r E x t e r i o r B u i l d i n g M a i n t e -
n a n c e , e x c e p t fo r s e c t i o n 28, S a fe t y B e l t s a n d
L i fe L i n e s . A b a s i c r e q u i r e m e n t o f T y p e T
e q u i p m e n t i s t h a t t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m i s
su spen ded by a t lea st t wo wir e r opes. F a ilu r e
of on e wir e r ope wou ld n ot per m it t h e wor k -
i n g p l a t fo r m t o fa l l t o t h e g r o u n d , b u t w o u l d
u pset it s n or m a l posit ion . T y pe T power ed
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
p l a t fo r m s m a y b e e i t h e r r o o f-p o w e r e d o r s e l f-
power ed.
(i v ) T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l y
t o p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s w i t h w i n d i n g d r u m
t y pe h oist in g m a ch in es. It is n ot t h e in t en t
o f t h i s s e c t i o n t o p r o h i b i t p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s
u sin g ot h er t y pes of h oist in g m a ch in es su ch
a s, bu t n ot lim it ed t o, t r a ct ion dr u m h oist -
in g m a ch in es, a ir power ed m a ch in es, h y dr a u -
lic power ed m a ch in es, a n d in t er n a l com bu s-
t ion m a ch in es. In st a lla t ion of power ed pla t -
fo r m s w i t h o t h e r t y p e s o f h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s
is per m it t ed, pr ovided a dequ a t e pr ot ect ive
devices a r e u sed, a n d pr ovided r ea son a ble
s a fe t y o f l i fe a n d l i m b t o u s e r s o f t h e e q u i p -
m en t a n d t o ot h er s wh o m a y be exposed is
a ssu r ed.
(v ) B o t h T y p e F a n d T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
a ppen dix C of t h is st a n da r d.
(c ) T y p e F p ow ered p la t f orm s—(1) R oof ca r,
gen era l. (i ) A r o o f c a r s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w h e n -
ever it is n ecessa r y t o m ove t h e wor k in g
p l a t fo r m h o r i zo n t a l l y t o w o r k i n g o r s t o r a g e
posit ion s.
(i i ) T h e m a x i m u m r a t e d s p e e d a t w h i c h a
power t r a ver sed r oof ca r m a y be m oved in a
h o r i zo n t a l d i r e c t i o n s h a l l b e 50 fe e t p e r
m in u t e.
(2) M ov em en t a n d p osit ion in g of roof ca r. (i )
P r ovision sh a ll be m a de t o pr ot ect a ga in st
h a vin g t h e r oof ca r lea ve t h e r oof or en t er
r o o f a r e a s n o t d e s i g n e d fo r t r a v e l .
(i i ) T h e h o r i zo n t a l m o t i o n o f t h e r o o f c a r s
sh a ll be posit ively con t r olled so a s t o in su r e
pr oper m ovem en t a n d posit ion in g of t h e r oof
ca r .
(i i i ) R o o f c a r p o s i t i o n i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d t o i n s u r e t h a t t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m
i s p l a c e d a n d r e t a i n e d i n p r o p e r p o s i t i o n fo r
ver t ica l t r a vel a n d du r in g st or a ge.
(i v ) M e c h a n i c a l s t o p s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o
pr even t t h e t r a ver sin g of t h e r oof ca r bey on d
it s n or m a l lim it s of t r a vel. S u ch st ops sh a ll
b e c a p a b l e o f w i t h s t a n d i n g a fo r c e e q u a l t o
100 p e r c e n t o f t h e i n e r t i a l e ffe c t o f t h e r o o f
ca r in m ot ion wit h t r a ver sin g power a pplied.
(v )(a ) T h e o p e r a t i n g d e v i c e o f a p o w e r -o p -
e r a t e d r o o f c a r fo r t r a v e r s i n g s h a l l b e l o -
c a t e d o n t h e r o o f c a r , t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m ,
or bot h , a n d sh a ll be of t h e con t in u ou s pr es-
s u r e w e a t h e r -p r o o f e l e c t r i c t y p e . I f m o r e
t h a n on e oper a t in g device is pr ovided, t h ey
sh a ll be so a r r a n ged t h a t t r a ver sin g is pos-
s i b l e o n l y fr o m o n e o p e r a t i n g d e v i c e a t a
t im e.
(b ) T h e o p e r a t i n g d e v i c e s h a l l b e s o c o n -
n ect ed t h a t it is n ot oper a ble u n t il:
(1) T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m i s l o c a t e d a t i t s
u pper m ost posit ion of t r a vel a n d is n ot in
c o n t a c t w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e o r fi x e d
v e r t i c a l g u i d e s i n t h e fa c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g ;
and
(2) A l l p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s a n d i n t e r l o c k s
a r e i n a p o s i t i o n fo r t r a v e r s i n g .
(3) R oof ca r st a bilit y . R o o f c a r s t a b i l i t y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll be det er m in ed by eit h er pa r a gr a ph
182
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(c )(3) (i ) o r (i i ) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x , w h i c h e v e r i s
gr ea t er .
(i ) T h e r o o f c a r s h a l l b e c o n t i n u o u s l y s t a -
ble, con sider in g over t u r n in g m om en t a s de-
t e r m i n e d b y 125 p e r c e n t r a t e d l o a d , p l u s
m a xim u m dea d loa d a n d t h e pr escr ibed win d
loa din g.
(i i ) T h e r o o f c a r a n d i t s a n c h o r a g e s s h a l l b e
c a p a b l e o f r e s i s t i n g a c c i d e n t a l o v e r -t e n -
sion in g of t h e wir e r opes su spen din g t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m a n d t h i s c a l c u l a t e d v a l u e
s h a l l i n c l u d e t h e e ffe c t o f o n e a n d o n e -h a l f
t im es t h e va lu e. F or t h is ca lcu la t ion , t h e si-
m u l t a n e o u s e ffe c t o f o n e -h a l f w i n d l o a d s h a l l
be in clu ded, a n d t h e design st r esses sh a ll n ot
e x c e e d t h o s e r e fe r r e d t o i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(1)
of t h is a ppen dix.
(i i i ) I f t h e l o a d o n t h e m o t o r s i s a t a n y
t im e in excess of t h r ee t im es t h a t r equ ir ed
fo r l i ft i n g t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m w i t h i t s
r a t ed loa d t h e m ot or sh a ll st a ll.
(4) A ccess t o t h e roof ca r. S a fe a c c e s s t o t h e
r o o f c a r a n d fr o m t h e r o o f c a r t o t h e w o r k i n g
p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d . I f t h e a c c e s s t o
t h e r oof ca r a t a n y poin t of it s t r a vel is n ot
over t h e r oof a r ea or wh er e ot h er wise n ec-
e s s a r y fo r s a fe t y , s e l f-c l o s i n g , s e l f-l o c k i n g
ga t es sh a ll be pr ovided. Applica ble pr ovi-
sion s of t h e Am er ica n Na t ion a l S t a n da r d
S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r F l o o r a n d Wa l l
Op e n i n g s , R a i l i n g s a n d T o e b o a r d , A 12.1–1967,
sh a ll a pply .
(5) M ea n s f or m a in t en a n ce, rep a ir, a n d st or-
a ge. M e a n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o r u n t h e r o o f
c a r a w a y fr o m t h e r o o f p e r i m e t e r , w h e r e n e c -
e s s a r y , a n d t o p r o v i d e a s a fe a r e a fo r m a i n t e -
n a n ce, r epa ir s, a n d st or a ge. P r ovision s sh a ll
be m a de t o secu r e t h e m a ch in e in t h e st or ed
posit ion . F or st or ed m a ch in es su bject t o
w i n d fo r c e s , s e e s p e c i a l d e s i g n a n d a n c h o r a g e
r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r ‘‘w i n d fo r c e s ’’ i n P a r t I I ,
s e c t i o n 10.5.1.1 o f A N S I A 120.1–1970 A m e r i c a n
N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
P o w e r e d P l a t fo r m s fo r E x t e r i o r B u i l d i n g
Ma in t en a n ce.
(6) Gen era l requ irem en t s f or w ork in g p la t -
f orm s. T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e o f g i r d -
er or t r u ss con st r u ct ion a n d sh a ll be a de-
qu a t e t o su ppor t it s r a t ed loa d u n der a n y po-
sit ion of loa din g, a n d com ply wit h t h e pr ovi-
s i o n s s e t fo r t h i n s e c t i o n 10 o f A N S I A 120.1–
1970, A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d S a fe t y R e -
q u i r e m e n t s fo r P o w e r e d P l a t fo r m s fo r E x t e -
r ior Bu ildin g Ma in t en a n ce.
(7) L oa d ra t in g p la t e. E a c h w o r k i n g p l a t -
fo r m s h a l l b e a r a m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s l o a d r a t i n g
pla t e, con spicu ou sly post ed; st a t in g t h e m a x-
im u m per m issible r a t ed loa d. L oa d r a t in g
pla t es sh a ll be m a de of n on cor r osive m a t e-
r i a l a n d s h a l l h a v e l e t t e r s a n d fi g u r e s
s t a m p e d , e t c h e d , o r c a s t o n t h e s u r fa c e . T h e
m i n i m u m h e i g h t o f t h e l e t t e r s a n d fi g u r e s
s h a l l b e o n e -fo u r t h i n c h .
(8) M in im u m siz e. T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m
s h a l l h a v e a m i n i m u m n e t w i d t h o f 24 i n c h e s .
(9) Gu a rd ra ils. Wo r k i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e
fu r n i s h e d w i t h p e r m a n e n t g u a r d r a i l s n o t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
l e s s t h a n 36 i n c h e s h i g h , a n d n o t m o r e t h a n
42 i n c h e s h i g h a t t h e fr o n t (b u i l d i n g s i d e ). A t
t h e r ea r , a n d on t h e sides, t h e r a il sh a ll n ot
b e l e s s t h a n 42 i n c h e s h i g h . A n i n t e r m e d i a t e
gu a r dr a il sh a ll be pr ovided a r ou n d t h e en t ir e
p l a t fo r m b e t w e e n t h e t o p g u a r d r a i l a n d t h e
t oeboa r d.
(10) T oeboa rd s. A fo u r -i n c h t o e b o a r d s h a l l
be pr ovided a lon g a ll sides of t h e wor k in g
p l a t fo r m .
(11) O p en sp a ces bet w een gu a rd ra ils a n d
t oeboa rd s. T h e s p a c e s b e t w e e n t h e i n t e r -
m e d i a t e g u a r d r a i l a n d p l a t fo r m t o e b o a r d o n
t h e b u i l d i n g s i d e o f t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m ,
a n d bet ween t h e t op gu a r dr a il a n d t h e
t o e b o a r d o n o t h e r s i d e s o f t h e p l a t fo r m , s h a l l
b e fi l l e d w i t h m e t a l i c m e s h o r s i m i l a r m a t e -
r ia l t h a t will r eject a ba ll on e in ch in dia m e-
t er . T h e in st a lled m esh sh a ll be ca pa ble of
w i t h s t a n d i n g a l o a d o f 100 p o u n d s a p p l i e d
h o r i zo n t a l l y o v e r a n y a r e a o f 144 s q u a r e
i n c h e s . I f t h e s p a c e b e t w e e n t h e p l a t fo r m a n d
t h e b u i l d i n g fa c e d o e s n o t e x c e e d e i g h t
i n c h e s , a n d t h e p l a t fo r m i s r e s t r a i n e d b y
gu ides, t h e m esh m a y be om it t ed on t h e
fr o n t s i d e .
(12) F loorin g. T h e p l a t fo r m fl o o r i n g s h a l l b e
of t h e n on sk id t y pe, a n d if of open con st r u c-
t i o n , s h a l l r e j e c t a 9⁄16-i n c h d i a m e t e r b a l l , o r
b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a s c r e e n b e l o w t h e fl o o r t o
r e j e c t a 9⁄16-i n c h d i a m e t e r b a l l .
(13) A ccess ga t es. Wh e r e a c c e s s g a t e s a r e
p r o v i d e d , t h e y s h a l l b e s e l f-c l o s i n g a n d s e l f-
lock in g.
(14) O p era t in g d ev ice f or v ert ica l m ov em en t of
t h e w ork in g p la t f orm . (i ) T h e n o r m a l o p e r -
a t i n g d e v i c e fo r t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l
b e l o c a t e d o n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m a n d s h a l l
be of t h e con t in u ou s pr essu r e wea t h er pr oof
elect r ic t y pe.
(i i ) T h e o p e r a t i n g d e v i c e s h a l l b e o p e r a b l e
on ly wh en a ll elect r ica l pr ot ect ive devices
a n d i n t e r l o c k s o n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m a r e
i n p o s i t i o n fo r n o r m a l s e r v i c e a n d , t h e r o o f
ca r , if pr ovided, is a t a n est a blish ed oper -
a t in g poin t .
(15) E m ergen cy elect ric op era t iv e d ev ice. (i ) I n
a d d i t i o n , o n r o o f-p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s , a n
em er gen cy elect r ic oper a t in g device sh a ll be
p r o v i d e d n e a r t h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e fo r u s e
i n t h e e v e n t o f fa i l u r e o f t h e n o r m a l o p e r -
a t i n g d e v i c e fo r t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m , o r
fa i l u r e o f t h e t r a v e l i n g c a b l e s y s t e m . T h e
em er gen cy oper a t in g device sh a ll be m ou n t -
ed in a lock ed com pa r t m en t a n d sh a ll h a ve a
l e g e n d m o u n t e d t h e r e o n r e a d i n g : ‘‘F o r E m e r -
g e n c y Op e r a t i o n On l y . E s t a b l i s h Co m m u -
n i c a t i o n Wi t h P e r s o n n e l o n Wo r k i n g P l a t -
fo r m B e fo r e U s e .’’
(i i ) A k e y fo r u n l o c k i n g t h e c o m p a r t m e n t
h ou sin g t h e em er gen cy oper a t in g device
s h a l l b e m o u n t e d i n a b r e a k -g l a s s r e c e p t a c l e
loca t ed n ea r t h e em er gen cy oper a t in g de-
vice.
(16) M a n u a l cra n k in g f or em ergen cy op er-
a t ion . E m e r g e n c y o p e r a t i o n o f t h e m a i n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
dr ive m a ch in e m a y be pr ovided t o a llow
183
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00193 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
m a n u a l c r a n k i n g . T h i s p r o v i s i o n fo r m a n u a l
oper a t ion sh a ll be design ed so t h a t n ot m or e
t h a n t w o p e r s o n s w i l l b e r e q u i r e d t o p e r fo r m
t h is oper a t ion . T h e a ccess t o t h is pr ovision
sh a ll in clu de a m ea n s t o a u t om a t ica lly m a k e
t h e m a ch in e in oper a t ive elect r ica lly wh ile
u n der t h e em er gen cy m a n u a l oper a t ion . T h e
design sh a ll be su ch t h a t t h e em er gen cy
br a k e is oper a t ive a t or below gover n or t r ip-
pin g speed du r in g m a n u a l oper a t ion .
(17) A rra n gem en t a n d gu a rd in g of h oist in g
equ ip m en t . (i ) H o i s t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l c o n -
s i s t o f a p o w e r -d r i v e n d r u m o r d r u m c o n -
t a i n e d i n t h e r o o f c a r (r o o f-p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m s ) o r c o n t a i n e d o n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m
(s e l f-p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m ).
(i i ) T h e h o i s t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e p o w e r -
oper a t ed in bot h u p a n d down dir ect ion s.
(i i i ) G u a r d o r o t h e r p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s s h a l l
b e i n s t a l l e d w h e r e v e r r o t a t i n g s h a ft s o r
ot h er m ech a n ism s or gea r s m a y expose per -
s o n n e l t o a h a za r d .
(i v ) F r i c t i o n d e v i c e s o r c l u t c h e s s h a l l n o t
b e u s e d fo r c o n n e c t i n g t h e m a i n d r i v i n g
m ech a n ism t o t h e dr u m or dr u m s. Belt or
c h a i n -d r i v e n m a c h i n e s a r e p r o h i b i t e d .
(18) H oist in g m ot ors. (i ) H o i s t i n g m o t o r s
s h a l l b e e l e c t r i c a n d o f w e a t h e r -p r o o f c o n -
st r u ct ion .
(i i ) H o i s t i n g m o t o r s s h a l l b e i n c o n fo r m -
a n ce wit h a pplica ble pr ovision s of pa r a gr a ph
(c )(22) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x , E l e c t r i c Wi r i n g a n d
E qu ipm en t .
(i i i ) H o i s t i n g m o t o r s s h a l l b e d i r e c t l y c o n -
n ect ed t o t h e h oist in g m a ch in er y . Mot or
cou plin gs, if u sed, sh a ll be of st eel con st r u c-
t ion .
(19) B ra k es. T h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e (s ) s h a l l
h a ve t wo in depen den t br a k in g m ea n s, ea ch
design ed t o st op a n d h old t h e wor k in g pla t -
fo r m w i t h 125 p e r c e n t o f r a t e d l o a d .
(20) H oist in g rop es a n d rop e con n ect ion s. (i )
Wo r k i n g p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e s u s p e n d e d b y
w i r e r o p e s o f e i t h e r 6×19 o r 6×37 c l a s s i fi c a -
t i o n , p r e fo r m e d o r n o n p r e fo r m e d .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) T h e m i n i m u m fa c t o r o f s a fe t y s h a l l b e
10, a n d s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g
fo r m u l a :
F = S ×N /W
Wh e r e
S = M a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r a t e d b r e a k i n g s t r e n g t h
of on e r ope.
N = Nu m ber of r opes u n der loa d.
W = Ma xim u m st a t ic loa d on a ll r opes wit h
t h e p l a t fo r m a n d i t s r a t e d l o a d a t a n y
poin t of it s t r a vel.
(i v ) H o i s t i n g r o p e s s h a l l b e s i ze d t o c o n -
fo r m w i t h t h e r e q u i r e d fa c t o r o f s a fe t y , b u t
i n n o c a s e s h a l l t h e s i ze b e l e s s t h a n 5⁄16 i n c h
dia m et er .
(v ) Wi n d i n g d r u m s s h a l l h a v e a t l e a s t t h r e e
t u r n s o f r o p e r e m a i n i n g w h e n t h e p l a t fo r m
h a s la n ded a t t h e lowest possible poin t of it s
t r a vel.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.66
(v i ) T h e l e n g t h e n i n g o r r e p a i r i n g o f w i r e
r ope by t h e join in g of t wo or m or e len gt h s is
pr oh ibit ed.
(v i i ) T h e n o n d r u m e n d s o f t h e h o i s t i n g
r opes sh a ll be pr ovided wit h in dividu a l
sh a ck le r ods wh ich will per m it in dividu a l a d-
ju st m en t of r ope len gt h s, if r equ ir ed.
(v i i i ) M o r e t h a n t w o r e v e r s e b e n d s i n e a c h
r ope is pr oh ibit ed.
(21) R op e t a g d a t a . (i ) A m e t a l d a t a t a g
sh a ll be secu r ely a t t a ch ed t o on e of t h e wir e
r o p e fa s t e n i n g s . T h i s d a t a t a g s h a l l b e a r t h e
fo l l o w i n g w i r e r o p e d a t a :
(a ) T h e d i a m e t e r i n i n c h e s .
(b ) Co n s t r u c t i o n c l a s s i fi c a t i o n .
(c ) Wh e t h e r n o n p r e fo r m e d o r p r e fo r m e d .
(d ) T h e g r a d e o f m a t e r i a l u s e d .
(e ) T h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r a t e d b r e a k i n g
st r en gt h .
(f) N a m e o f t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o f t h e r o p e .
(g ) T h e m o n t h a n d y e a r t h e r o p e s w e r e i n -
st a lled.
(22) E lect rica l w irin g a n d equ ip m en t . (i ) A l l
elect r ica l equ ipm en t a n d wir in g sh a ll con -
fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e N a t i o n a l
E l e c t r i c a l Co d e , N F P A 70–1971; A N S I C1–1971
(R e v . o f C1–1968), e x c e p t a s m o d i fi e d b y A N S I
A 120.1–1970 ‘‘A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d
S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r P o w e r e d P l a t fo r m s
fo r E x t e r i o r B u i l d i n g M a i n t e n a n c e .’’ F o r d e -
t a i l d e s i g n s p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m e n t , s e e P a r t 2, A N S I A 120.1–1970.
(i i ) A l l m o t o r s a n d o p e r a t i o n a n d c o n t r o l
e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e s u p p l i e d fr o m a s i n g l e
power sou r ce.
(i i i ) T h e p o w e r s u p p l y fo r t h e p o w e r e d p l a t -
fo r m s h a l l b e a n i n d e p e n d e n t c i r c u i t s u p p l i e d
t h r o u g h a fu s e d d i s c o n n e c t s w i t c h .
(i v ) E l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t o r p a r t s o f t h e p o w e r
su pply sy st em sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st a c-
ciden t a l con t a ct .
(v ) E l e c t r i c a l g r o u n d i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d .
(a ) P r o v i s i o n s fo r e l e c t r i c a l g r o u n d i n g
s h a l l b e i n c l u d e d w i t h t h e p o w e r -s u p p l y s y s -
t em .
(b ) Co n t r o l l e r c a b i n e t s , m o t o r fr a m e s ,
h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e s , t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m ,
r oof ca r a n d r oof ca r t r a ck sy st em , a n d n on -
cu r r en t ca r r y in g pa r t s of elect r ica l equ ip-
m en t , wh er e pr ovided, sh a ll be gr ou n ded.
(c ) T h e c o n t r o l l e r , w h e r e u s e d , s h a l l b e s o
design ed a n d in st a lled t h a t a sin gle gr ou n d
or sh or t cir cu it will n ot pr even t bot h t h e
n o r m a l a n d fi n a l s t o p p i n g d e v i c e fr o m s t o p -
p i n g t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m .
(d ) M e a n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d o n t h e r o o f c a r
a n d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m fo r g r o u n d i n g p o r t a b l e
elect r ic t ools.
(e ) T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e g r o u n d e d
t h r ou gh a gr ou n din g con n ect ion in a t r a v-
elin g ca ble. E lect r ica lly power ed t ools u t i-
l i ze d o n t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e
gr ou n ded.
(v i ) E l e c t r i c a l r e c e p t a c l e s l o c a t e d o n t h e
r oof or ot h er ext er ior loca t ion sh a ll be of a
wea t h er pr oof t y pe a n d sh a ll be loca t ed so a s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
n ot t o be su bject t o con t a ct wit h wa t er or
184
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a ccu m u la t ed sn ow. T h e r ecept a cles sh a ll be
gr ou n ded a n d t h e elect r ic ca ble sh a ll in clu de
a gr ou n din g con du ct or . T h e r ecept a cle a n d
p l u g s h a l l b e a t y p e d e s i g n e d t o a v o i d h a za r d
t o per son s in ser t in g or wit h dr a win g t h e plu g.
P r ovision sh a ll be m a de t o pr even t a pplica -
t ion of ca ble st r a in dir ect ly t o t h e plu g a n d
r ecept a cle.
(v i i ) E l e c t r i c r u n w a y c o n d u c t o r s y s t e m s
s h a l l b e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e d fo r u s e i n e x t e -
r ior loca t ion s a n d sh a ll be loca t ed so a s n ot
t o be su bject t o con t a ct wit h wa t er or a ccu -
m u la t ed sn ow. T h e con du ct or s, collect or s,
a n d d i s c o n n e c t i n g m e a n s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o
t h e s a m e r e q u i r e m e n t s a s t h o s e fo r c r a n e s
a n d h o i s t s i n A r t i c l e 610 o f t h e N a t i o n a l
E l e c t r i c a l Co d e , N F P A 70–1971; A N S I C1–1971
(R e v . o f C1–1968). A g r o u n d e d c o n d u c t o r s h a l l
pa r a llel t h e power con du ct or s a n d be so con -
n ect ed t h a t it ca n n ot be open ed by t h e dis-
con n ect in g m ea n s. T h e sy st em sh a ll be de-
s i g n e d t o a v o i d h a za r d t o p e r s o n s i n t h e a r e a .
(v i i i ) E l e c t r i c a l p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s a n d
in t er lock s of t h e wea t h er pr oof t y pe sh a ll be
pr ovided.
(i x ) Wh e r e t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n i n c l u d e s a r o o f
c a r , e l e c t r i c c o n t a c t (s ) s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a n d
s o c o n n e c t e d t h a t t h e o p e r a t i n g d e v i c e s fo r
t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e o p e r a t i v e o n l y
wh en t h e r oof ca r is loca t ed a n d m ech a n i-
ca lly r et a in ed a t a n est a blish ed oper a t in g
poin t .
(x ) Wh e r e t h e p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m i n c l u d e s a
p o w e r e d -o p e r a t e d r o o f c a r , t h e o p e r a t i n g d e -
v i c e fo r t h e r o o f c a r s h a l l b e i n o p e r a t i v e
wh en t h e r oof ca r is m ech a n ica lly r et a in ed
a t a n est a blish ed oper a t in g poin t .
(x i ) A n e l e c t r i c c o n t a c t s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
a n d so con n ect ed t h a t it will ca u se t h e down
d i r e c t i o n r e l a y fo r v e r t i c a l t r a v e l t o o p e n i f
t h e t en sion in t h e t r a velin g ca ble exceeds
s a fe l i m i t s .
(x i i ) A n a u t o m a t i c o v e r l o a d d e v i c e s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d t o c u t o ff t h e e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r t o
t h e c i r c u i t i n a l l h o i s t i n g m o t o r s fo r t r a v e l
in t h e u p dir ect ion , sh ou ld t h e loa d a pplied
t o t h e h oist in g r opes a t eit h er en d of t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m e x c e e d 125 p e r c e n t o f i t s
n or m a l t en sion wit h r a t ed loa d, a s sh own on
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s d a t a p l a t e o n t h e w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m .
(x i i i ) A n a u t o m a t i c d e v i c e s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d fo r e a c h h o i s t i n g r o p e w h i c h w i l l c u t
o ff t h e e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r t o t h e h o i s t i n g
m ot or or m ot or s in t h e down dir ect ion a n d
a pply t h e br a k es if a n y h oist in g r ope be-
com es sla ck .
(x i v ) U p p e r a n d l o w e r d i r e c t i o n a l l i m i t d e -
vices sh a ll be pr ovided t o pr even t t h e t r a vel
o f t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m b e y o n d t h e n o r m a l
u pper a n d lower lim it s of t r a vel.
(x v ) Op e r a t i o n o f a d i r e c t i o n a l l i m i t d e v i c e
s h a l l p r e v e n t fu r t h e r m o t i o n i n t h e a p p r o -
pr ia t e dir ect ion , if t h e n or m a l lim it of t r a vel
h a s been r ea ch ed.
(x v i ) D i r e c t i o n a l l i m i t d e v i c e s , i f d r i v e n
fr o m t h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e b y c h a i n s , t a p e s ,
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
or ca bles, sh a ll in cor por a t e a device t o dis-
c o n n e c t t h e e l e c t r i c p o w e r fr o m t h e h o i s t i n g
m a ch in e a n d a pply bot h t h e pr im a r y a n d sec-
o n d a r y b r a k e s i n t h e e v e n t o f fa i l u r e o f t h e
dr ivin g m ea n s.
(x v i i ) F i n a l t e r m i n a l s t o p p i n g d e v i c e s o f
t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m :
(a ) F i n a l t e r m i n a l s t o p p i n g d e v i c e s fo r t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a s a s e c -
on da r y m ea n s of pr even t in g t h e wor k in g
p l a t fo r m fr o m o v e r -t r a v e l i n g a t t h e t e r m i -
n a ls.
(b ) T h e d e v i c e s h a l l b e s e t t o fu n c t i o n a s
close t o ea ch t er m in a l la n din g a s pr a ct ica l,
bu t in su ch a wa y t h a t u n der n or m a l oper -
a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s i t w i l l n o t fu n c t i o n w h e n
t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m i s s t o p p e d b y t h e n o r -
m a l t er m in a l st oppin g device.
(c ) Op e r a t i o n o f t h e fi n a l t e r m i n a l s t o p p i n g
d e v i c e s h a l l o p e n t h e p o t e n t i a l r e l a y fo r
ver t ica l t r a vel, t h er eby discon n ect in g t h e
e l e c t r i c p o w e r fr o m t h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e ,
a n d a pply in g bot h t h e pr im a r y a n d sec-
on da r y br a k es.
(d ) T h e fi n a l t e r m i n a l s t o p p i n g d e v i c e fo r
t h e u pper lim it of t r a vel sh a ll be m ou n t ed so
t h a t it is oper a t ed dir ect ly by t h e m ot ion of
t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m i t s e l f.
(x v i i i ) E m e r g e n c y s t o p s w i t c h e s s h a l l b e
pr ovided in or a dja cen t t o ea ch oper a t in g de-
vice.
(x i x ) E m e r g e n c y s t o p s w i t c h e s s h a l l :
(a ) H a v e r e d o p e r a t i n g b u t t o n s o r h a n d l e s .
(b ) B e c o n s p i c u o u s l y a n d p e r m a n e n t l y
m a r k e d ‘‘S t o p .’’
(c ) B e t h e m a n u a l l y o p e n e d a n d m a n u a l l y
closed t y pe.
(d ) B e p o s i t i v e l y o p e n e d w i t h t h e o p e n i n g
n ot solely depen den t on spr in gs.
(x x ) T h e m a n u a l o p e r a t i o n o f a n e m e r -
gen cy st op swit ch a ssocia t ed wit h a n oper -
a t i n g d e v i c e fo r t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l
o p e n t h e p o t e n t i a l r e l a y fo r v e r t i c a l t r a v e l ,
t h er eby discon n ect in g t h e elect r ic power
fr o m t h e h o i s t i n g m a c h i n e a n d a p p l y i n g b o t h
t h e pr im a r y a n d secon da r y br a k es.
(x x i ) T h e m a n u a l o p e r a t i o n o f t h e e m e r -
gen cy st op swit ch a ssocia t ed wit h t h e oper -
a t i n g d e v i c e fo r a p o w e r -d r i v e n r o o f c a r s h a l l
ca u se t h e elect r ica l power t o t h e t r a ver se
m a ch in e t o be in t er r u pt ed, a n d t h e t r a ver se
m a ch in e br a k e t o a pply .
(23) R equ irem en t s f or em ergen cy com m u n ica -
t ion s. (i ) Co m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m fo r u s e i n
a n em er gen cy .
(i i ) T w o -w a y c o m m u n i c a t i o n s h a l l b e e s -
t a blish ed bet ween per son n el on t h e r oof a n d
p e r s o n n e l o n t h e s t a l l e d w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m
b e fo r e a n y e m e r g e n c y o p e r a t i o n o f t h e w o r k -
i n g p l a t fo r m i s u n d e r t a k e n b y p e r s o n n e l o n
t h e r o o f.
(i i i ) T h e e q u i p m e n t s h a l l p e r m i t t w o -w a y
voice com m u n ica t ion bet ween t h e wor k in g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p l a t fo r m a n d
185
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00195 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.66
(a ) D e s i g n a t e d p e r s o n n e l c o n t i n u o u s l y
a v a i l a b l e w h i l e t h e p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m i s i n
u se; a n d
(b ) D e s i g n a t e d p e r s o n n e l o n r o o f-p o w e r e d
p l a t fo r m s , u n d e r t a k i n g e m e r g e n c y o p e r a t i o n
o f t h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m b y m e a n s o f t h e
em er gen cy oper a t in g device loca t ed n ea r t h e
h oist in g m a ch in e.
(i v ) T h e e m e r g e n c y c o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p -
m e n t s h a l l b e o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g t y p e s :
(a ) T e l e p h o n e c o n n e c t e d t o t h e c e n t r a l
t eleph on e exch a n ge sy st em ; or
(b ) T e l e p h o n e s o n a l i m i t e d s y s t e m o r a n
a p p r o v e d t w o -w a y r a d i o s y s t e m , p r o v i d e d
design a t ed per son n el a r e a va ila ble t o r eceive
a m essa ge du r in g t h e t im e t h e power ed pla t -
fo r m i s i n u s e .
(d ) T y p e T p ow ered p la t f orm s—(1) R oof ca r.
T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (c )(1)
t h r o u g h (c )(5) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x s h a l l a p p l y t o
T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s .
(2) W ork in g p la t f orm . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h s (c )(6) t h r o u g h (c )(16) o f t h i s a p -
p e n d i x a p p l y t o T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s .
(i ) T h e w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e s u s -
pen ded by a t lea st t wo wir e r opes.
(i i ) T h e m a x i m u m r a t e d s p e e d a t w h i c h t h e
w o r k i n g p l a t fo r m o f s e l f-p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s
m a y be m oved in a ver t ica l dir ect ion sh a ll
n o t e x c e e d 35 fe e t p e r m i n u t e .
(3) H oist in g equ ip m en t . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h s (c ) (17) a n d (18) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x
s h a l l a p p l y t o T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s .
(4) B ra k es. B r a k e s r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a -
g r a p h (c )(19) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x s h a l l a p p l y .
(5) H oist in g rop es a n d rop e con n ect ion s. (i )
P a r a g r a p h s (c )(20) (i ) t h r o u g h (v i ) a n d (v i i i )
of t h is a ppen dix sh a ll a pply t o T y pe T pow-
e r e d p l a t fo r m s .
(i i ) A d j u s t a b l e s h a c k l e r o d s i n s u b p a r a -
g r a p h (c )(20)(v i i ) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x s h a l l a p p l y
t o T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s , i f t h e w o r k i n g
p l a t fo r m i s s u s p e n d e d b y m o r e t h a n t w o w i r e
r opes.
(6) E lect rica l w irin g a n d equ ip m en t . (i ) T h e
r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph s (c )(22) (i )
t h r o u g h (v i ) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x s h a l l a p p l y t o
T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s . ‘‘Ci r c u i t p r o t e c -
t i o n l i m i t a t i o n ,’’ ‘‘p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m e l e c -
t r i c a l s e r v i c e s y s t e m ,’’ a l l o p e r a t i n g s e r v i c e s
a n d con t r ol equ ipm en t sh a ll com ply wit h t h e
s p e c i fi c a t i o n s c o n t a i n e d i n P a r t 2, s e c t i o n 26,
A N S I A 120.1–1970.
(i i ) F o r e l e c t r i c a l p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (c )(22) (i ) t h r o u g h
(v i i i ) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x s h a l l a p p l y t o T y p e T
p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s . R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r t h e
‘‘c i r c u i t p o t e n t i a l l i m i t a t i o n ’’ s h a l l b e i n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h s p e c i fi c a t i o n s c o n t a i n e d i n
P a r t 2, s e c t i o n 26, o f A N S I A 120.1–1970.
(7) E m ergen cy com m u n ica t ion s. A l l t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(23) o f t h i s a p p e n -
d i x s h a l l a p p l y t o T y p e T p o w e r e d p l a t fo r m s .
[54 F R 31456, J u l y 28, 1989, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9235, M a r . 7, 1996]
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.67
E F F E CT I V E D A T E N OT E : A t 72 F R 7190, F e b .
14, 2007, A p p e n d i x D t o § 1910.66 w a s a m e n d e d
b y r e v i s i n g p a r a g r a p h (c )(22)(i ) a n d i n t h e
s e c o n d s e n t e n c e o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(22)(v i i ), t h e
w o r d s ‘‘A r t i c l e 610 o f t h e N a t i o n a l E l e c t r i c a l
Co d e , N F P A 70–1971; A N S I C1–1971 (R e v . o f
C1–1968)’’ w e r e r e v i s e d t o r e a d ‘‘S u b p a r t S o f
t h i s P a r t .’’, e ffe c t i v e A u g . 13, 2007. F o r t h e
con ven ien ce of t h e u ser , t h e r evised t ext is
s e t fo r t h a s fo l l o w s :
§ 1910.66 Powered platforms for building
maintenance.
* * * * * M o u n t e d E l e v a t i n g a n d R o t a t i n g Wo r k
A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.66—E X I S T I N G
I N S T A L L A T I ON S (M A N D A T OR Y )
* * * * * wh ich do n ot m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of
(c ) * * *
(22) * * * (i ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d
w i r i n g s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
S u b p a r t S o f t h i s P a r t , e x c e p t a s m o d i fi e d b y
ANS I A 120.1—1970 ‘‘A m e r i c a n Na t ion a l
S t a n d a r d S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r P o w e r e d
P l a t fo r m s fo r E x t e r i o r B u i l d i n g M a i n t e -
n a n c e ’’ (s e e § 1910.6). F o r d e t a i l d e s i g n s p e c i -
fi c a t i o n s fo r e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t , s e e P a r t 2,
A N S I A 120.1–1970.
* * * * * b o o m p l a t fo r m s , (i v ) v e r t i c a l t o w e r s ,
§ 1910.67 Vehicle-mounted elevating
and rotating work platforms.
(a ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sec-
t ion —(1) A eria l d ev ice. A n y v e h i c l e —
m ou n t ed device, t elescopin g or a r t icu -
la t in g, or bot h , wh ich is u sed t o posi-
t ion per son n el.
(2) A eria l la d d er. A n a e r i a l d e v i c e c o n -
s i s t i n g o f a s i n g l e - o r m u l t i p l e -s e c t i o n
ext en sible la dder .
(3) A rt icu la t in g boom p la t f orm . A n a e r -
ia l device wit h t wo or m or e h in ged
boom sect ion s.
(4) E x t en sible boom p la t f orm . A n a e r i a l
d e v i c e (e x c e p t l a d d e r s ) w i t h a t e l e -
scopic or ext en sible boom . T elescopic
d e r r i c k s w i t h p e r s o n n e l p l a t fo r m a t -
t a ch m en t s sh a ll be con sider ed t o be ex-
t e n s i b l e b o o m p l a t fo r m s w h e n u s e d
w i t h a p e r s o n n e l p l a t fo r m .
(5) I n su la t ed a eria l d ev ice. A n a e r i a l
d e v i c e d e s i g n e d fo r w o r k o n e n e r g i ze d
lin es a n d a ppa r a t u s.
(6) M obile u n it . A c o m b i n a t i o n o f a n
a er ia l device, it s veh icle, a n d r ela t ed
equ ipm en t .
(7) P la t f orm . A n y p e r s o n n e l -c a r r y i n g
d e v i c e (b a s k e t o r b u c k e t ) w h i c h i s a
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
com pon en t of a n a er ia l device.
186
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(8) V eh icle. A n y c a r r i e r t h a t i s n o t
m a n u a lly pr opelled.
(9) V ert ica l t ow er. A n a e r i a l d e v i c e d e -
s i g n e d t o e l e v a t e a p l a t fo r m i n a s u b -
st a n t ia lly ver t ica l a xis.
(b ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (1) U n l e s s
ot h er wise pr ovided in t h is sect ion , a er -
i a l d e v i c e s (a e r i a l l i ft s ) a c q u i r e d o n o r
a ft e r J u l y 1, 1975, s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d
c o n s t r u c t e d i n c o n fo r m a n c e w i t h t h e
a pplica ble r equ ir em en t s of t h e Am er -
i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d fo r ‘‘V e h i c l e
P l a t fo r m s ,’’ A N S I A 92.2—1969, i n c l u d -
in g a ppen dix, wh ich is in cor por a t ed by
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6. A e r i a l
l i ft s a c q u i r e d fo r u s e b e fo r e J u l y 1, 1975
A N S I A 92.2—1969, m a y n o t b e u s e d a ft e r
J u l y 1, 1976, u n l e s s t h e y s h a l l h a v e b e e n
m o d i fi e d s o a s t o c o n fo r m w i t h t h e a p -
plica ble design a n d con st r u ct ion r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f A N S I A 92.2—1969. A e r i a l
d e v i c e s i n c l u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g t y p e s o f
v e h i c l e -m o u n t e d a e r i a l d e v i c e s u s e d t o
eleva t e per son n el t o jobsit es a bove
g r o u n d : (i ) E x t e n s i b l e b o o m p l a t fo r m s ,
(i i ) a e r i a l l a d d e r s , (i i i ) a r t i c u l a t i n g
a n d (v ) a c o m b i n a t i o n o f a n y o f t h e
a bove. Aer ia l equ ipm en t m a y be m a de
o f m e t a l , w o o d , fi b e r g l a s s r e i n fo r c e d
p l a s t i c (F R P ), o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l ; m a y
be power ed or m a n u a lly oper a t ed; a n d
a r e d e e m e d t o b e a e r i a l l i ft s w h e t h e r o r
n ot t h ey a r e ca pa ble of r ot a t in g a bou t
a su bst a n t ia lly ver t ica l a xis.
(2) A e r i a l l i ft s m a y b e ‘‘fi e l d m o d i -
fi e d ’’ fo r u s e s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e i n -
t e n d e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r , p r o v i d e d
t h e m o d i fi c a t i o n h a s b e e n c e r t i fi e d i n
w r i t i n g b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o r b y a n y
ot h er equ iva len t en t it y , su ch a s a n a -
t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y ,
t o b e i n c o n fo r m i t y w i t h a l l a p p l i c a b l e
p r o v i s i o n s o f A N S I A 92.2—1969 a n d t h i s
s e c t i o n , a n d t o b e a t l e a s t a s s a fe a s
t h e e q u i p m e n t w a s b e fo r e m o d i fi c a t i o n .
(3) T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s s e c t i o n
d o n o t a p p l y t o fi r e fi g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t
or t o t h e veh icles u pon wh ich a er ia l de-
vices a r e m ou n t ed, except wit h r espect
t o t h e r equ ir em en t t h a t a veh icle be a
s t a b l e s u p p o r t fo r t h e a e r i a l d e v i c e .
(4) F o r o p e r a t i o n s n e a r o v e r h e a d e l e c -
t r i c l i n e s , s e e § 1910.333(c )(3).
(c ) S p ecif ic requ irem en t s—(1) L a d d er
t ru ck s a n d t ow er t ru ck s. B e fo r e t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t r u c k i s m o v e d fo r h i g h w a y t r a v e l , a e r -
ia l la dder s sh a ll be secu r ed in t h e lower
t r a velin g posit ion by t h e lock in g de-
vice a bove t h e t r u ck ca b, a n d t h e
m a n u a lly oper a t ed device a t t h e ba se
o f t h e l a d d e r , o r b y o t h e r e q u a l l y e ffe c -
t i v e m e a n s (e .g ., c r a d l e s w h i c h p r e v e n t
r ot a t ion of t h e la dder in com bin a t ion
w i t h p o s i t i v e a c t i n g l i n e a r a c t u a t o r s ).
(2) E x t en sible a n d a rt icu la t in g boom
p la t f orm s. (i ) L i ft c o n t r o l s s h a l l b e t e s t -
ed ea ch da y pr ior t o u se t o det er m in e
t h a t s u c h c o n t r o l s a r e i n s a fe w o r k i n g
con dit ion .
(i i ) On l y t r a i n e d p e r s o n s s h a l l o p e r -
a t e a n a e r i a l l i ft .
(i i i ) B e l t i n g o ff t o a n a d j a c e n t p o l e ,
st r u ct u r e, or equ ipm en t wh ile wor k in g
fr o m a n a e r i a l l i ft s h a l l n o t b e p e r -
m it t ed.
(i v ) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l a l w a y s s t a n d
fi r m l y o n t h e fl o o r o f t h e b a s k e t , a n d
sh a ll n ot sit or clim b on t h e edge of t h e
ba sk et or u se pla n k s, la dder s, or ot h er
d e v i c e s fo r a w o r k p o s i t i o n .
(v ) A b o d y b e l t s h a l l b e w o r n a n d a
la n y a r d a t t a ch ed t o t h e boom or ba s-
k e t w h e n w o r k i n g fr o m a n a e r i a l l i ft .
(v i ) B o o m a n d b a s k e t l o a d l i m i t s
s p e c i fi e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r s h a l l n o t
be exceeded.
(v i i ) T h e b r a k e s s h a l l b e s e t a n d o u t -
r igger s, wh en u sed, sh a ll be posit ion ed
o n p a d s o r a s o l i d s u r fa c e . Wh e e l
c h o c k s s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d b e fo r e u s i n g
a n a e r i a l l i ft o n a n i n c l i n e .
(v i i i ) A n a e r i a l l i ft t r u c k m a y n o t b e
m oved wh en t h e boom is eleva t ed in a
wor k in g posit ion wit h m en in t h e ba s-
k e t , e x c e p t fo r e q u i p m e n t w h i c h i s s p e -
c i fi c a l l y d e s i g n e d fo r t h i s t y p e o f o p e r -
a t ion in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e pr ovision s
o f p a r a g r a p h s (b )(1) a n d (b )(2) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(i x ) A r t i c u l a t i n g b o o m a n d e x t e n s i b l e
b o o m p l a t fo r m s , p r i m a r i l y d e s i g n e d a s
per son n el ca r r ier s, sh a ll h a ve bot h
p l a t fo r m (u p p e r ) a n d l o w e r c o n t r o l s .
Upper con t r ols sh a ll be in or beside t h e
p l a t fo r m w i t h i n e a s y r e a c h o f t h e o p e r -
a t o r . L o w e r c o n t r o l s s h a l l p r o v i d e fo r
o v e r r i d i n g t h e u p p e r c o n t r o l s . Co n t r o l s
sh a ll be pla in ly m a r k ed a s t o t h eir
fu n c t i o n . L o w e r l e v e l c o n t r o l s s h a l l n o t
be oper a t ed u n less per m ission h a s been
o b t a i n e d fr o m t h e e m p l o y e e i n t h e l i ft ,
except in ca se of em er gen cy .
(x ) Cl i m b e r s s h a l l n o t b e w o r n w h i l e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p e r fo r m i n g w o r k fr o m a n a e r i a l l i ft .
187
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00197 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.68
(x i ) T h e i n s u l a t e d p o r t i o n o f a n a e r i a l
l i ft s h a l l n o t b e a l t e r e d i n a n y m a n n e r
t h a t m igh t r edu ce it s in su la t in g va lu e.
(x i i ) B e fo r e m o v i n g a n a e r i a l l i ft fo r
t r a v e l , t h e b o o m (s ) s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d
t o see t h a t it is pr oper ly cr a dled a n d
ou t r igger s a r e in st owed posit ion , ex-
cept as pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(c )(2)(v i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(3) E lect rica l t est s. E l e c t r i c a l t e s t s
s h a l l b e m a d e i n c o n fo r m a n c e w i t h t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f A N S I A 92.2—1969, S e c -
t i o n 5. H o w e v e r , e q u i v a l e n t D C v o l t a g e
t est s m a y be u sed in lieu of t h e AC
v o l t a g e t e s t s p e c i fi e d i n A 92.2—1969. D C
volt a ge t est s wh ich a r e a ppr oved by
t h e e q u i p m e n t m a n u fa c t u r e r o r e q u i v a -
len t en t it y sh a ll be con sider ed a n
e q u i v a l e n t t e s t fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s
p a r a g r a p h (c )(3).
(4) B u rst in g sa f et y f a ct or. A l l c r i t i c a l
h y dr a u lic a n d pn eu m a t ic com pon en t s
sh a ll com ply wit h t h e pr ovision s of t h e
Am er ica n Na t ion a l S t a n da r ds In st it u t e
s t a n d a r d , A N S I A 92.2—1969, S e c t i o n 4.9
B u r s t i n g S a fe t y F a c t o r . Cr i t i c a l c o m -
p o n e n t s a r e t h o s e i n w h i c h a fa i l u r e
w o u l d r e s u l t i n a fr e e fa l l o r fr e e r o t a -
t ion of t h e boom . All n on cr it ica l com -
p o n e n t s s h a l l h a v e a b u r s t i n g s a fe t y
fa c t o r o f a t l e a s t t w o t o o n e .
(5) W eld in g st a n d a rd s. A l l w e l d i n g
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e fo l l o w i n g A u t o -
m o t i v e We l d i n g S o c i e t y (A WS ) S t a n d -
a r d s , w h i c h a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, a s a p p l i -
ca ble:
(i ) S t a n d a r d Qu a l i fi c a t i o n P r o c e d u r e ,
A WS B 3.0—41.
(i i ) R ecom m en ded P r a ct ices fo r
A u t o m o t i v e We l d i n g D e s i g n , A WS
D 8.4–61.
(i i i ) S t a n d a r d Qu a l i fi c a t i o n o f We l d -
i n g P r o c e d u r e s a n d We l d e r s fo r P i p i n g
a n d T u b i n g , A WS D 10.9–69.
(i v ) S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r We l d i n g H i g h -
w a y a n d R a i l w a y B r i d g e s , A WS D 2.0–69.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 40
F R 13439, M a r . 26, 1975; 55 F R 32014, A u g . 6,
1990; 61 F R 9235, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.68 Manlifts.
(a ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sec-
t ion —(1) H a n d h old (H a n d grip ). A h a n d -
h old is a device a t t a ch ed t o t h e belt
wh ich ca n be gr a sped by t h e pa ssen ger
t o pr ovide a m ea n s of m a in t a in in g ba l-
a n ce.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.68
(2) O p en t y p e. On e w h i c h h a s a h a n d -
g r i p s u r fa c e fu l l y e x p o s e d a n d c a p a b l e
o f b e i n g e n c i r c l e d b y t h e p a s s e n g e r ’s
fi n g e r s .
(3) Closed t y p e. A c u p -s h a p e d d e v i c e ,
open a t t h e t op in t h e dir ect ion of t r a v-
e l o f t h e s t e p fo r w h i c h i t i s t o b e u s e d ,
a n d closed a t t h e bot t om , in t o wh ich
t h e p a s s e n g e r m a y p l a c e h i s fi n g e r s .
(4) L im it sw it ch . A d e v i c e , t h e p u r p o s e
o f w h i c h i s t o c u t o ff t h e p o w e r t o t h e
m ot or a n d a pply t h e br a k e t o st op t h e
ca r r ier in t h e even t t h a t a loa ded st ep
pa sses t h e t er m in a l la n din g.
(5) M a n lif t . A d e v i c e c o n s i s t i n g o f a
p o w e r -d r i v e n e n d l e s s b e l t m o v i n g i n
on e dir ect ion on ly , a n d pr ovided wit h
s t e p s o r p l a t fo r m s a n d h a n d h o l d s a t -
t a c h e d t o i t fo r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f
p e r s o n n e l fr o m fl o o r t o fl o o r .
(6) R a t ed sp eed . R a t e d s p e e d i s t h e
s p e e d fo r w h i c h t h e d e v i c e i s d e s i g n e d
a n d in st a lled.
(7) S p lit -ra il sw it ch . A n e l e c t r i c l i m i t
swit ch oper a t ed m ech a n ica lly by t h e
r o l l e r s o n t h e m a n l i ft s t e p s . I t c o n s i s t s
o f a n a d d i t i o n a l h i n g e d o r ‘‘s p l i t ’’ r a i l ,
m ou n t ed on t h e r egu la r gu ide r a il, over
wh ich t h e st ep r oller s pa ss. It is
s p r i n g l o a d e d i n t h e ‘‘s p l i t ’’ p o s i t i o n . I f
t h e st ep su ppor t s n o loa d, t h e r oller s
w i l l ‘‘b u m p ’’ o v e r t h e s w i t c h ; i f a l o a d -
ed st ep sh ou ld pa ss over t h e sect ion ,
t h e s p l i t r a i l w i l l b e fo r c e d s t r a i g h t ,
t r ippin g t h e swit ch a n d open in g t h e
elect r ica l cir cu it .
(8) S t ep (p la t f orm ). A s t e p i s a p a s -
sen ger ca r r y in g u n it .
(9) T ra v el. T h e t r a v e l i s t h e d i s t a n c e
bet ween t h e cen t er s of t h e t op a n d bot -
t om pu lley s.
(b ) Gen era l requ irem en t s—(1) A p p lica -
t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o t h e c o n -
st r u ct ion , m a in t en a n ce, in spect ion ,
a n d o p e r a t i o n o f m a n l i ft s i n r e l a t i o n t o
a c c i d e n t h a za r d s . M a n l i ft s c o v e r e d b y
t h i s s e c t i o n c o n s i s t o f p l a t fo r m s o r
br a ck et s a n d a ccom pa n y in g h a n dh olds
m ou n t ed on , or a t t a ch ed t o a n en dless
belt , oper a t in g ver t ica lly in on e dir ec-
t ion on ly a n d bein g su ppor t ed by , a n d
dr iven t h r ou gh pu lley s, a t t h e t op a n d
b o t t o m . T h e s e m a n l i ft s a r e i n t e n d e d
fo r c o n v e y a n c e o f p e r s o n s o n l y . I t i s
n ot in t en ded t h a t t h is sect ion cover
m ovin g st a ir wa y s, eleva t or s wit h en -
c l o s e d p l a t fo r m s (‘‘P a t e r n o s t e r ’’ e l e -
v a t o r s ), g r a v i t y l i ft s , n o r c o n v e y o r s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
u s e d o n l y fo r c o n v e y i n g m a t e r i a l . T h i s
188
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00198 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o m a n l i ft s u s e d t o
ca r r y on ly per son n el t r a in ed a n d a u -
t h o r i ze d b y t h e e m p l o y e r i n t h e i r u s e .
(2) P u rp ose. T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n i s t o p r o v i d e r e a s o n a b l e s a fe t y fo r
l i fe a n d l i m b .
(3) D esign requ irem en t s. A l l n e w
m a n l i ft i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d e q u i p m e n t
i n s t a l l e d a ft e r t h e e ffe c t i v e d a t e o f
t h ese r egu la t ion s sh a ll m eet t h e design
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e ‘‘A m e r i c a n N a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y S t a n d a r d fo r M a n l i ft s
A N S I A 90.1–1969’’, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, a n d t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
sect ion .
(4) R ef eren ce t o ot h er cod es a n d su b-
p a rt s. T h e fo l l o w i n g c o d e s , a n d s u b -
pa r t s of t h is pa r t , a r e a pplica ble t o t h is
s e c t i o n : S a fe t y Co d e fo r M e c h a n i c a l
P ower T r a n sm ission Appa r a t u s, ANS I
B 15.1–1953 (R 1958), a n d s u b p a r t O; s u b -
p a r t S ; S a fe t y Co d e fo r F i x e d L a d d e r s ,
A N S I A 14.3–1956, a n d S a fe t y R e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r F l o o r a n d Wa l l Op e n i n g s ,
R a i l i n g s a n d T o e b o a r d s , A N S I A 12.1–
1967, a n d s u b p a r t D . T h e p r e c e d i n g
ANS I st a n da r ds a r e in cor por a t ed by
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(5) F loor op en in gs—(i ) A llow a ble siz e.
F l o o r o p e n i n g s fo r b o t h t h e ‘‘u p ’’ a n d
‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n s s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 28
i n c h e s n o r m o r e t h a n 36 i n c h e s i n
w i d t h fo r a 12-i n c h b e l t ; n o t l e s s t h a n
34 i n c h e s n o r m o r e t h a n 38 i n c h e s fo r a
14-i n c h b e l t ; a n d n o t l e s s t h a n 36 i n c h e s
n o r m o r e t h a n 40 i n c h e s fo r a 16-i n c h
b e l t a n d s h a l l e x t e n d n o t l e s s t h a n 24
i n c h e s , n o r m o r e t h a n 28 i n c h e s fr o m
t h e fa c e o f t h e b e l t .
(i i ) U n if orm it y . A l l fl o o r o p e n i n g s fo r
a g i v e n m a n l i ft s h a l l b e u n i fo r m i n s i ze
a n d sh a ll be a ppr oxim a t ely cir cu la r ,
a n d ea ch sh a ll be loca t ed ver t ica lly
a bove t h e open in g below it .
(6) L a n d in g—(i ) V ert ica l clea ra n ce. T h e
c l e a r a n a c e b e t w e e n t h e fl o o r o r m o u n t -
i n g p l a t fo r m a n d t h e l o w e r e d g e fo r t h e
con ica l gu a r d a bove it r equ ir ed by su b-
p a r a g r a p h (7) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h s h a l l
n o t b e l e s s t h a n 7 fe e t 6 i n c h e s . Wh e r e
t h is clea r a n ce ca n n ot be obt a in ed n o
a c c e s s t o t h e m a n l i ft s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
a n d t h e m a n l i ft r u n w a y s h a l l b e e n -
closed wh er e it pa sses t h r ou gh su ch
fl o o r .
(i i ) Clea r la n d in g sp a ce. T h e l a n d i n g
s p a c e a d j a c e n t t o t h e fl o o r o p e n i n g s
s h a l l b e fr e e fr o m o b s t r u c t i o n a n d k e p t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
clea r a t a ll t im es. T h is la n din g spa ce
s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 2 fe e t i n w i d t h fr o m
t h e e d g e o f t h e fl o o r o p e n i n g u s e d fo r
m ou n t in g a n d dism ou n t in g.
(i i i ) L igh t in g a n d la n d in g. A d e q u a t e
l i g h t i n g , n o t l e s s t h a n 5-fo o t c a n d l e s ,
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a t e a c h fl o o r l a n d i n g
a t a l l t i m e s w h e n t h e l i ft i s i n o p e r -
a t ion .
(i v ) L a n d in g su rf a ce. T h e l a n d i n g s u r -
fa c e s a t t h e e n t r a n c e s a n d e x i t s t o t h e
m a n l i ft s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d a n d m a i n -
t a i n e d a s t o p r o v i d e s a fe fo o t i n g a t a l l
t im es.
(v ) E m ergen cy la n d in gs. Wh e r e t h e r e i s
a t r a v e l o f 50 fe e t o r m o r e b e t w e e n
fl o o r l a n d i n g s , o n e o r m o r e e m e r g e n c y
la n din gs sh a ll be pr ovided so t h a t t h er e
w i l l b e a l a n d i n g (e i t h e r fl o o r o r e m e r -
g e n c y ) fo r e v e r y 25 fe e t o r l e s s o f
m a n l i ft t r a v e l .
(a ) E m e r g e n c y l a n d i n g s s h a l l b e a c -
c e s s i b l e fr o m b o t h t h e ‘‘u p ’’ a n d
‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n g s o f t h e m a n l i ft a n d s h a l l
give a ccess t o t h e la dder r equ ir ed in
s u b p a r a g r a p h (12) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
(b) E m e r g e n c y l a n d i n g s s h a l l b e c o m -
plet ely en closed wit h a st a n da r d r a il-
in g a n d t oeboa r d.
(c) P l a t fo r m s c o n s t r u c t e d t o g i v e a c -
cess t o bu ck et eleva t or s or ot h er equ ip-
m e n t fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f i n s p e c t i o n , l u -
br ica t ion , a n d r epa ir m a y a lso ser ve a s
em er gen cy la n din gs u n der t h is r u le. All
s u c h p l a t fo r m s w i l l t h e n b e c o n s i d e r e d
pa r t of t h e em er gen cy la n din g a n d
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h st a n da r d r a il-
in gs a n d t oeboa r ds.
(7) Gu a rd s on u n d ersid e of f loor op en -
in gs—(i ) F ix ed t y p e. On t h e a s c e n d i n g
s i d e o f t h e m a n l i ft fl o o r o p e n i n g s s h a l l
be pr ovided wit h a bevel gu a r d or con e
m e e t i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(a ) T h e c o n e s h a l l m a k e a n a n g l e o f
n o t l e s s t h a n 45° w i t h t h e h o r i zo n t a l .
A n a n g l e o f 60° o r g r e a t e r s h a l l b e u s e d
wh er e ceilin g h eigh t s per m it .
(b) T h e l o w e r e d g e o f t h i s g u a r d s h a l l
e x t e n d a t l e a s t 42 i n c h e s o u t w a r d fr o m
a n y h a n dh old on t h e belt . It sh a ll n ot
e x t e n d b e y o n d t h e u p p e r s u r fa c e o f t h e
fl o o r a b o v e .
(c) T h e c o n e s h a l l b e m a d e o f n o t l e s s
t h a n N o . 18 U .S . g a u g e s h e e t s t e e l o r
m a t er ia l of equ iva len t st r en gt h or
s t i ffn e s s . T h e l o w e r e d g e s h a l l b e r o l l e d
t o a m i n i m u m d i a m e t e r o f o n e -h a l f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
in ch a n d t h e in t er ior sh a ll be sm oot h
189
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00199 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.68
wit h n o r ivet s, bolt s or scr ews pr o-
t r u din g.
(i i ) F loa t in g t y p e. I n l i e u o f t h e fi x e d
g u a r d s s p e c i fi e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i ) o f
t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h a fl o a t i n g t y p e s a fe -
t y c o n e m a y b e u s e d , s u c h fl o a t i n g
con es t o be m ou n t ed on h in ges a t lea st
6 in ch es below t h e u n der side of t h e
fl o o r a n d s o c o n s t r u c t e d a s t o a c t u a t e
a l i m i t s w i t c h s h o u l d a fo r c e o f 2
pou n ds be a pplied on t h e edge of t h e
con e closest t o t h e h in ge. T h e dept h of
t h i s fl o a t i n g c o n e n e e d n o t e x c e e d 12
in ch es.
(8) P rot ect ion of en t ra n ces a n d ex it s—
(i ) Gu a rd ra il requ irem en t . T h e e n -
t r a n c e s a n d e x i t s a t a l l fl o o r l a n d i n g s
a ffo r d i n g a c c e s s t o t h e m a n l i ft s h a l l b e
g u a r d e d b y a m a ze (s t a g g e r e d r a i l i n g )
o r a h a n d r a i l e q u i p p e d w i t h s e l f-c l o s i n g
ga t es.
(i i ) Con st ru ct ion . T h e r a i l s s h a l l b e
st a n da r d gu a r dr a ils wit h t oeboa r ds
m e e t i n g t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e S a fe t y
R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r F l o o r a n d Wa l l Op e n -
in gs, R a ilin gs a n d T oeboa r ds, ANS I
A 12.1–1967 a n d § 1910.23.
(i i i ) Ga t es. G a t e s , i f u s e d , s h a l l o p e n
o u t w a r d a n d s h a l l b e s e l f-c l o s i n g . Co r -
n er s of ga t es sh a ll be r ou n ded.
(i v ) M a z e. M a ze o r s t a g g e r e d o p e n i n g s
s h a l l o ffe r n o d i r e c t p a s s a g e b e t w e e n
e n c l o s u r e a n d o u t e r fl o o r s p a c e .
(v ) E x c e p t w h e r e b u i l d i n g l a y o u t p r e -
ven t s, en t r a n ces a t a ll la n din gs sh a ll
be in t h e sa m e r ela t ive posit ion .
(9) Gu a rd s f or op en in gs—(i ) Con st ru c-
t ion . T h e fl o o r o p e n i n g a t e a c h l a n d i n g
s h a l l b e g u a r d e d o n s i d e s n o t u s e d fo r
en t r a n ce or exit by a wa ll, a r a ilin g
a n d t oeboa r d or by pa n els of wir e m esh
of su it a ble st r en gt h .
(i i ) H eigh t a n d loca t ion . S u c h r a i l s o r
g u a r d s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 42 i n c h e s i n
h e i g h t o n t h e u p -r u n n i n g s i d e a n d 66
i n c h e s o n t h e d o w n -r u n n i n g s i d e .
(10) B ot t om a rra n gem en t —(i ) B ot t om
la n d in g. A t t h e b o t t o m l a n d i n g t h e
clea r a r ea sh a ll be n ot sm a ller t h a n t h e
a r ea en closed by t h e gu a r dr a ils on t h e
fl o o r s a b o v e , a n d a n y w a l l i n fr o n t o f
t h e d o w n -r u n n i n g s i d e o f t h e b e l t s h a l l
b e n o t l e s s t h a n 48 i n c h e s fr o m t h e fa c e
of t h e belt . T h is spa ce sh a ll n ot be en -
cr oa ch ed u pon by st a ir s or la dder s.
(i i ) L oca t ion of low er p u lley . T h e l o w e r
(b o o t ) p u l l e y s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d s o t h a t
it is su ppor t ed by t h e lowest la n din g
ser ved. T h e sides of t h e pu lley su ppor t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.68
sh a ll be gu a r ded t o pr even t con t a ct
wit h t h e pu lley or t h e st eps.
(i i i ) M ou n t in g p la t f orm . A m o u n t i n g
p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n fr o n t o r
t o on e side of t h e u pr u n a t t h e lowest
l a n d i n g , u n l e s s t h e fl o o r l e v e l i s s u c h
t h a t t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t c a n b e
m e t : T h e fl o o r o r p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e a t
or a bove t h e poin t a t wh ich t h e u pper
s u r fa c e o f t h e a s c e n d i n g s t e p c o m p l e t e s
i t s t u r n a n d a s s u m e s a h o r i zo n t a l p o s i -
t ion .
(i v ) Gu a rd ra ils. T o g u a r d a g a i n s t p e r -
son s wa lk in g u n der a descen din g st ep,
t h e a r e a o n t h e d o w n s i d e o f t h e m a n l i ft
sh a ll be gu a r ded in a ccor da n ce wit h
s u b p a r a g r a p h (8) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h . T o
gu a r d a ga in st a per son get t in g bet ween
t h e m o u n t i n g p l a t fo r m a n d a n a s c e n d -
in g st ep, t h e a r ea bet ween t h e belt a n d
t h e p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y a
gu a r dr a il.
(11) T op a rra n gem en t s—(i ) Clea ra n ce
f rom f loor. A t o p c l e a r a n c e s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d o f a t l e a s t 11 fe e t a b o v e t h e t o p
t er m in a l la n din g. T h is clea r a n ce sh a ll
b e m a i n t a i n e d fr o m a p l a n e t h r o u g h
e a c h fa c e o f t h e b e l t t o a v e r t i c a l c y l i n -
d r i c a l p l a n e h a v i n g a d i a m e t e r 2 fe e t
g r e a t e r t h a n t h e d i a m e t e r o f t h e fl o o r
o p e n i n g , e x t e n d i n g u p w a r d fr o m t h e
t o p fl o o r t o t h e c e i l i n g o n t h e u p -r u n -
n in g side of t h e belt . No en cr oa ch m en t
of st r u ct u r a l or m a ch in e su ppor t in g
m em ber s wit h in t h is spa ce will be per -
m it t ed.
(i i ) P u lley clea ra n ce. (a ) T h e r e s h a l l b e
a c l e a r a n c e o f a t l e a s t 5 fe e t b e t w e e n
t h e c e n t e r o f t h e h e a d p u l l e y s h a ft a n d
a n y ceilin g obst r u ct ion .
(b) T h e c e n t e r o f t h e h e a d p u l l e y
s h a ft s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 6 fe e t a b o v e
t h e t op t er m in a l la n din g.
(i i i ) E m ergen cy gra b ra il. A n e m e r -
g e n c y g r a b b a r o r r a i l a n d p l a t fo r m
sh a ll be pr ovided a t t h e h ea d pu lley
wh en t h e dist a n ce t o t h e h ea d pu lley is
o v e r 6 fe e t a b o v e t h e t o p l a n d i n g , o t h -
er wise on ly a gr a b ba r or r a il is t o be
pr ovided t o per m it t h e r ider t o swin g
fr e e s h o u l d t h e e m e r g e n c y s t o p s b e -
com e in oper a t ive.
(12) E m ergen cy ex it la d d er. A fi x e d
m e t a l l a d d e r a c c e s s i b l e fr o m b o t h t h e
‘‘u p ’’ a n d ‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n o f t h e m a n l i ft
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r t h e e n t i r e t r a v e l
o f t h e m a n l i ft . S u c h l a d d e r s h a l l b e i n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e exist in g ANS I
190
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00200 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
A 14.3–1956 S a fe t y Co d e fo r F i x e d L a d -
d e r s a n d § 1910.27.
(13) S u p erst ru ct u re bra cin g. M a n l i ft
r a ils sh a ll be secu r ed in su ch a m a n n er
a s t o a void spr ea din g, vibr a t ion , a n d
m isa lin em en t .
(14) I llu m in a t ion —(i ) Gen era l. B o t h
r u n s o f t h e m a n l i ft s h a l l b e i l l u m i -
n a t e d a t a l l t i m e s w h e n t h e l i ft i s i n
oper a t ion . An in t en sit y of n ot less t h a n
1-fo o t c a n d l e s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d a t a l l
p o i n t s . (H o w e v e r , s e e s u b p a r a g r a p h
(6)(i i i ) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h fo r i l l u m i n a -
t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a t l a n d i n g s .)
(i i ) Con t rol of illu m in a t ion . L i g h t i n g o f
m a n l i ft r u n w a y s s h a l l b e b y m e a n s o f
cir cu it s per m a n en t ly t ied in t o t h e
b u i l d i n g c i r c u i t s (n o s w i t c h e s ), o r s h a l l
be con t r olled by swit ch es a t ea ch la n d-
i n g . Wh e r e s e p a r a t e s w i t c h e s a r e p r o -
vided a t ea ch la n din g, a n y swit ch sh a ll
t u r n on a ll ligh t s n ecessa r y t o illu -
m in a t e t h e en t ir e r u n wa y .
(15) W ea t h er p rot ect ion . T h e e n t i r e
m a n l i ft a n d i t s d r i v i n g m e c h a n i s m
s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m t h e w e a t h e r a t
a ll t im es.
(c ) M ech a n ica l requ irem en t s—(1) M a -
ch in es, gen era l—(i ) B ra k es. B r a k e s p r o -
v i d e d fo r s t o p p i n g a n d h o l d i n g a
m a n l i ft s h a l l b e i n h e r e n t l y s e l f-e n g a g -
i n g , b y r e q u i r i n g p o w e r o r fo r c e fr o m
a n ext er n a l sou r ce t o ca u se disen ga ge-
m en t . T h e br a k e sh a ll be elect r ica lly
r elea sed, a n d sh a ll be a pplied t o t h e
m o t o r s h a ft fo r d i r e c t -c o n n e c t e d u n i t s
o r t o t h e i n p u t s h a ft fo r b e l t -d r i v e n
u n it s. T h e br a k e sh a ll be ca pa ble of
s t o p p i n g a n d h o l d i n g t h e m a n l i ft w h e n
t h e d e s c e n d i n g s i d e i s l o a d e d w i t h 250
lb on ea ch st ep.
(i i ) B elt . (a ) T h e b e l t s s h a l l b e o f
h a r d -w o v e n c a n v a s , r u b b e r -c o a t e d c a n -
va s, lea t h er , or ot h er m a t er ia l m eet in g
t h e st r en gt h r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(b )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d h a v i n g a c o e f-
fi c i e n t o f fr i c t i o n s u c h t h a t w h e n u s e d
in con ju n ct ion wit h a n a dequ a t e t en -
sion device it will m eet t h e br a k e t est
s p e c i fi e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i ) o f t h i s s u b -
pa r a gr a ph .
(b) T h e w i d t h o f t h e b e l t s h a l l b e n o t
l e s s t h a n 12 i n c h e s fo r a t r a v e l n o t e x -
c e e d i n g 100 fe e t , n o t l e s s t h a n 14 i n c h e s
fo r a t r a v e l g r e a t e r t h a n 100 fe e t b u t
n o t e x c e e d i n g 150 fe e t a n d 16 i n c h e s fo r
a t r a v e l e x c e e d i n g 150 fe e t .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(c) A b e l t t h a t h a s b e c o m e t o r n w h i l e
i n u s e o n a m a n l i ft s h a l l n o t b e s p l i c e d
a n d pu t ba ck in ser vice.
(2) S p eed —(i ) M a x im u m sp eed . N o
m a n l i ft d e s i g n e d fo r a s p e e d i n e x c e s s
o f 80 fe e t p e r m i n u t e s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(3) P la t f orm s or st ep s—(i ) M in im u m
d ep t h . S t e p s o r p l a t fo r m s s h a l l b e n o t
l e s s t h a n 12 i n c h e s n o r m o r e t h a n 14
i n c h e s d e e p , m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e b e l t t o
t h e e d g e o f t h e s t e p o r p l a t fo r m .
(i i ) W id t h . T h e w i d t h o f t h e s t e p o r
p l a t fo r m s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n t h e
widt h of t h e belt t o wh ich it is a t -
t a ch ed.
(i i i ) D ist a n ce bet w een st ep s. T h e d i s -
t a n ce bet ween st eps sh a ll be equ a lly
s p a c e d a n d n o t l e s s t h a n 16 fe e t m e a s -
u r e d fr o m t h e u p p e r s u r fa c e o f o n e s t e p
t o t h e u p p e r s u r fa c e o f t h e n e x t s t e p
a bove it .
(i v ) A n gle of st ep . T h e s u r fa c e o f t h e
st ep sh a ll m a k e a ppr oxim a t ely a r igh t
a n g l e w i t h t h e ‘‘u p ’’ a n d ‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n o f
t h e belt , a n d sh a ll t r a vel in t h e a ppr ox-
i m a t e h o r i zo n t a l p o s i t i o n w i t h t h e
‘‘u p ’’ a n d ‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n o f t h e b e l t .
(v ) S u rf a ces. T h e u p p e r o r w o r k i n g
s u r fa c e s o f t h e s t e p s h a l l b e o f a m a t e -
r ia l h a vin g in h er en t n on slip ch a r a ct er -
i s t i c s (c o e ffi c i e n t o f fr i c t i o n n o t l e s s
t h a n 0.5) o r s h a l l b e c o v e r e d c o m p l e t e l y
b y a n o n s l i p t r e a d s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d t o
it .
(v i ) S t ren gt h of st ep su p p ort s. Wh e n
s u b j e c t e d t o a l o a d o f 400 p o u n d s a p -
plied a t t h e a ppr oxim a t e cen t er of t h e
s t e p , s t e p fr a m e s , o r s u p p o r t s a n d t h e i r
gu ides sh a ll be of a dequ a t e st r en gt h t o:
(a ) P r e v e n t t h e d i s e n g a g e m e n t o f a n y
st ep r oller .
(b) P r even t any a ppr ecia ble
m isa lin em en t .
(c) P r e v e n t a n y v i s i b l e d e fo r m a t i o n
of t h e st eps or it s su ppor t .
(v i i ) P roh ibit ion of st ep s w it h ou t
h a n d h old s. N o s t e p s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
u n less t h er e is a cor r espon din g h a n d-
h old a bove or below it m eet in g t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(4) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n . I f a s t e p i s r e m o v e d fo r r e p a i r s
or per m a n en t ly , t h e h a n dh olds im m e-
dia t ely a bove a n d below it sh a ll be r e-
m o v e d b e fo r e t h e l i ft i s a g a i n p l a c e d i n
ser vice.
(4) H a n d h old s—(i ) L oca t ion .
Ha n dh olds a t t a ch ed t o t h e belt sh a ll be
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pr ovided a n d in st a lled so t h a t t h ey a r e
191
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00201 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.68
n o t l e s s t h a n 4 fe e t n o r m o r e t h a n 4
fe e t 8 i n c h e s a b o v e t h e s t e p t r e a d .
T h ese sh a ll be so loca t ed a s t o be a va il-
a b l e o n t h e b o t h ‘‘u p ’’ a n d ‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n
of t h e belt .
(i i ) S iz e. T h e g r a b s u r fa c e o f t h e
h a n d h o l d s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 41⁄2
in ch es in widt h , n ot less t h a n 3 in ch es
in dept h , a n d sh a ll pr ovide 2 in ch es of
c l e a r a n c e fr o m t h e b e l t . F a s t e n i n g s fo r
h a n dh olds sh a ll be loca t ed n ot less
t h a n 1 i n c h fr o m t h e e d g e o f t h e b e l t .
(i i i ) S t ren gt h . T h e h a n d h o l d s h a l l b e
ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g, wit h ou t da m -
a g e , a l o a d o f 300 p o u n d s a p p l i e d p a r -
a llel t o t h e r u n of t h e belt .
(i v ) P roh ibit ion of h a n d h old w it h ou t
st ep s. N o h a n d h o l d s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h ou t a cor r espon din g st ep. If a
h a n dh old is r em oved per m a n en t ly or
t em por a r ily , t h e cor r espon din g st ep
a n d h a n d h o l d fo r t h e o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n
o f t r a v e l s h a l l a l s o b e r e m o v e d b e fo r e
t h e l i ft i s a g a i n p l a c e d i n s e r v i c e .
(v ) T y p e. A l l h a n d h o l d s s h a l l b e o f t h e
closed t y pe.
(5) U p lim it st op s—(i ) R equ irem en t s.
T wo sepa r a t e a u t om a t ic st op devices
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o c u t o ff t h e p o w e r
a n d a pply t h e br a k e wh en a loa ded st ep
p a s s e s t h e u p p e r t e r m i n a l l a n d i n g . On e
o f t h e s e s h a l l c o n s i s t o f a s p l i t -r a i l
swit ch m ech a n ica lly oper a t ed by t h e
st ep r oller a n d loca t ed n ot m or e t h a n 6
in ch es a bove t h e t op t er m in a l la n din g.
T h e secon d a u t om a t ic st op device m a y
c o n s i s t o f a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) A n y s p l i t -r a i l s w i t c h p l a c e d 6
in ch es a bove a n d on t h e side opposit e
t h e fi r s t l i m i t s w i t c h .
(b) A n e l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e .
(c) A s w i t c h a c t u a t e d b y a l e v e r , r o d ,
or pla t e, t h e la t t er t o be pla ced on t h e
‘‘u p ’’ s i d e o f t h e h e a d p u l l e y s o a s t o
ju st clea r a pa ssin g st ep.
(i i ) M a n u a l reset loca t ion . A ft e r t h e
m a n l i ft h a s b e e n s t o p p e d b y a s t o p d e -
vice it sh a ll be n ecessa r y t o r eset t h e
a u t om a t ic st op m a n u a lly . T h e device
sh a ll be so loca t ed t h a t a per son r eset -
t in g it sh a ll h a ve a clea r view of bot h
t h e ‘‘u p ’’ a n d ‘‘d o w n ’’ r u n s o f t h e
m a n l i ft . I t s h a l l n o t b e p o s s i b l e t o
r e s e t t h e d e v i c e fr o m a n y s t e p o r p l a t -
fo r m .
(i i i ) Cu t -of f p oin t . T h e i n i t i a l l i m i t
s t o p d e v i c e s h a l l fu n c t i o n s o t h a t t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.68
m a n l i ft w i l l b e s t o p p e d b e fo r e t h e l o a d -
e d s t e p h a s r e a c h e d a p o i n t 24 i n c h e s
a bove t h e t op t er m in a l la n din g.
(i v ) E lect rica l requ irem en t s. (a ) Wh e r e
su ch swit ch es open t h e m a in m ot or cir -
cu it dir ect ly t h ey sh a ll be of t h e
m u lt ipole t y pe.
(b) Wh e r e e l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e s a r e u s e d
t h ey sh a ll be so design ed a n d in st a lled
t h a t fa i l u r e w i l l r e s u l t i n s h u t t i n g o ff
t h e power t o t h e dr ivin g m ot or .
(c) Wh e r e fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s o r c o m -
bu st ible du st s m a y be pr esen t , elec-
t r ica l in st a lla t ion s sh a ll be in a ccor d-
a n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of su bpa r t
S o f t h i s p a r t fo r s u c h l o c a t i o n s .
(d ) U n l e s s o f t h e o i l -i m m e r s e d t y p e
con t r oller con t a ct s ca r r y in g t h e m a in
m ot or cu r r en t sh a ll be copper t o ca r -
bon or equ a l, except wh er e t h e cir cu it
is br ok en a t t wo or m or e poin t s sim u l-
t a n eou sly .
(6) E m ergen cy st op —(i ) Gen era l. A n
em er gen cy st op m ea n s sh a ll be pr o-
vided.
(i i ) L oca t ion . T h i s s t o p m e a n s s h a l l b e
wit h in ea sy r ea ch of t h e a scen din g a n d
descen din g r u n s of t h e belt .
(i i i ) O p era t ion . T h i s s t o p m e a n s s h a l l
be so con n ect ed wit h t h e con t r ol lever
or oper a t in g m ech a n ism t h a t it will
c u t o ff t h e p o w e r a n d a p p l y t h e b r a k e
wh en pu lled in t h e dir ect ion of t r a vel.
(i v ) R op e. I f r o p e i s u s e d , i t s h a l l b e
n o t l e s s t h a n t h r e e -e i g h t s i n c h i n d i -
a m e t e r . Wi r e r o p e , u n l e s s m a r l i n -c o v -
er ed, sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(7) I n st ru ct ion a n d w a rn in g sign s—(i )
I n st ru ct ion sign s a t la n d in gs or belt s.
S ign s of con spicu ou s a n d ea sily r ea d
s t y l e g i v i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s fo r t h e u s e o f
t h e m a n l i ft s h a l l b e p o s t e d a t e a c h
la n din g or st en ciled on t h e belt .
(a ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(b) T h e i n s t r u c t i o n s s h a l l r e a d a p -
p r o x i m a t e l y a s fo l l o w s :
F a ce t h e Belt .
Use t h e Ha n dh olds.
T o S t o p —P u l l R o p e .
(i i ) T op f loor w a rn in g sign a n d ligh t .
(a ) A t t h e t o p fl o o r a n i l l u m i n a t e d s i g n
s h a l l b e d i s p l a y e d b e a r i n g t h e fo l -
lowin g wor din g:
‘‘T OP F L OOR —G E T OF F ’’
S ign s sh a ll be in block let t er s n ot less
t h a n 2 in ch es in h eigh t . T h is sign sh a ll
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
be loca t ed wit h in ea sy view of a n a s-
192
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
cen din g pa ssen ger a n d n ot m or e t h a n 2
fe e t a b o v e t h e t o p t e r m i n a l l a n d i n g .
(b) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s i g n r e q u i r e d b y
p a r a g r a p h (c )(7)(i i )(a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a
r e d w a r n i n g l i g h t o f n o t l e s s t h a n 40-
wa t t r a t in g sh a ll be pr ovided im m e-
dia t ely below t h e u pper la n din g t er -
m in a l a n d so loca t ed a s t o sh in e in t h e
p a s s e n g e r ’s fa c e .
(i i i ) V isit or w a rn in g. A c o n s p i c u o u s
s i g n h a v i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g l e g e n d —A U -
T H OR I Z E D P E R S ON N E L ON L Y —s h a l l
be displa y ed a t ea ch la n din g.
(d ) O p era t in g ru les—(1) P rop er u se of
m a n lif t s. N o fr e i g h t , p a c k a g e d g o o d s ,
pipe, lu m ber , or con st r u ct ion m a t er ia ls
of a n y k in d sh a ll be h a n dled on a n y
m a n l i ft .
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(e ) P eriod ic in sp ect ion —(1) F requ en cy .
A l l m a n l i ft s s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d b y a
com pet en t design a t ed per son a t in t er -
v a l s o f n o t m o r e t h a n 30 d a y s . L i m i t
swit ch es sh a ll be ch eck ed week ly .
M a n l i ft s fo u n d t o b e u n s a fe s h a l l n o t b e
oper a t ed u n t il pr oper ly r epa ir ed.
(2) I t em s cov ered . T h i s p e r i o d i c i n s p e c -
t ion sh a ll cover bu t is n ot lim it ed t o
t h e fo l l o w i n g i t e m s :
S t eps.
S t ep F a st en in gs.
R a ils.
R a il S u ppor t s a n d F a st en in gs.
R oller s a n d S lides.
Belt a n d Belt T en sion .
Ha n dh olds a n d F a st en in gs.
F loor L a n din gs.
Gu a r dr a ils.
L u br ica t ion .
L im it S wit ch es.
Wa r n i n g S i g n s a n d L i g h t s .
Illu m in a t ion .
Dr ive P u lley .
B o t t o m (b o o t ) P u l l e y a n d Cl e a r a n c e .
P u lley S u ppor t s.
Mot or .
Dr ivin g Mech a n ism .
Br a k e.
E lect r ica l S wit ch es.
Vibr a t ion a n d Misa lign m en t .
‘‘S k i p ’’ o n u p o r d o w n r u n w h e n m o u n t i n g
s t e p (i n d i c a t i n g w o r n g e a r s ).
(3) I n sp ect ion record . A c e r t i fi c a t i o n
r ecor d sh a ll be k ept of ea ch in spect ion
wh ich in clu des t h e da t e of t h e in spec-
t ion , t h e sign a t u r e of t h e per son wh o
p e r fo r m e d t h e i n s p e c t i o n a n d t h e s e r i a l
n u m b e r , o r o t h e r i d e n t i fi e r , o f t h e
m a n l i ft w h i c h w a s i n s p e c t e d . T h i s
r ecor d of in spect ion sh a ll be m a de
a va ila ble t o t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y of
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
L a b o r o r a d u l y a u t h o r i ze d r e p r e s e n t a -
t ive.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49746, Oc t . 24, 1978; 51 F R 34560, S e p t . 29,
1986; 54 F R 24334, J u n e 7, 1989; 55 F R 32014,
A u g . 6, 1990; 61 F R 9235, M a r . 7, 1996]
Subpart G—Occupational Health
and Environmental Control
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–
96 (62 F R 111), 3–2000 (65 F R 50017), o r 5–2002
(67 F R 50017) a s a p p l i c a b l e ; a n d 29 CF R p a r t
1911.
§ 1910.94 Ventilation.
(a ) A bra siv e bla st in g—(1) D ef in it ion s
a p p lica ble t o t h is p a ra gra p h —(i ) A bra -
siv e. A s o l i d s u b s t a n c e u s e d i n a n a b r a -
sive bla st in g oper a t ion .
(i i ) A bra siv e-bla st in g resp ira t or. A r e s -
pir a t or con st r u ct ed so t h a t it cover s
t h e w e a r e r ’s h e a d , n e c k , a n d s h o u l d e r s
t o p r o t e c t t h e w e a r e r fr o m r e b o u n d i n g
a br a sive.
(i i i ) B la st clea n in g ba rrel. A c o m p l e t e
en closu r e wh ich r ot a t es on a n a xis, or
wh ich h a s a n in t er n a l m ovin g t r ea d t o
t u m ble t h e pa r t s, in or der t o expose
v a r i o u s s u r fa c e s o f t h e p a r t s t o t h e a c -
t ion of a n a u t om a t ic bla st spr a y .
(i v ) B la st clea n in g room . A c o m p l e t e
en closu r e in wh ich bla st in g oper a t ion s
a r e p e r fo r m e d a n d w h e r e t h e o p e r a t o r
wor k s in side of t h e r oom t o oper a t e t h e
b l a s t i n g n o zzl e a n d d i r e c t t h e fl o w o f
t h e a br a sive m a t er ia l.
(v ) B la st in g ca bin et . A n e n c l o s u r e
wh er e t h e oper a t or st a n ds ou t side a n d
o p e r a t e s t h e b l a s t i n g n o zzl e t h r o u g h a n
open in g or open in gs in t h e en closu r e.
(v i ) Clea n a ir. A i r o f s u c h p u r i t y t h a t
i t w i l l n o t c a u s e h a r m o r d i s c o m fo r t t o
a n i n d i v i d u a l i f i t i s i n h a l e d fo r e x -
t en ded per iods of t im e.
(v i i ) D u st collect or. A d e v i c e o r c o m -
b i n a t i o n o f d e v i c e s fo r s e p a r a t i n g d u s t
fr o m t h e a i r h a n d l e d b y a n e x h a u s t
ven t ila t ion sy st em .
(v i i i ) E x h a u st v en t ila t ion sy st em . A
s y s t e m fo r r e m o v i n g c o n t a m i n a t e d a i r
fr o m a s p a c e , c o m p r i s i n g t w o o r m o r e
o f t h e fo l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s (a ) e n c l o s u r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
o r h o o d , (b) d u c t w o r k , (c) d u s t c o l -
193
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00203 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.94
l e c t i n g e q u i p m e n t , (d ) e x h a u s t e r , a n d
(e) d i s c h a r g e s t a c k .
(i x ) P a rt icu la t e-f ilt er resp ira t or. A n a i r
p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r , c o m m o n l y r e -
fe r r e d t o a s a d u s t o r a fu m e r e s p i r a t o r ,
wh ich r em oves m ost of t h e du st or
fu m e fr o m t h e a i r p a s s i n g t h r o u g h t h e
device.
(x ) R esp ira ble d u st . A i r b o r n e d u s t i n
s i ze s c a p a b l e o f p a s s i n g t h r o u g h t h e
u pper r espir a t or y sy st em t o r ea ch t h e
lower lu n g pa ssa ges.
(x i ) R ot a ry bla st clea n in g t a ble. A n e n -
closu r e wh er e t h e pieces t o be clea n ed
a r e posit ion ed on a r ot a t in g t a ble a n d
a r e pa ssed a u t om a t ica lly t h r ou gh a se-
r ies of bla st spr a y s.
(x i i ) A bra siv e bla st in g. T h e fo r c i b l e
a p p l i c a t i o n o f a n a b r a s i v e t o a s u r fa c e
by pn eu m a t ic pr essu r e, h y dr a u lic pr es-
s u r e , o r c e n t r i fu g a l fo r c e .
(2) D u st h a z a rd s f rom a bra siv e bla st in g.
(i ) A b r a s i v e s a n d t h e s u r fa c e c o a t i n g s
on t h e m a t er ia ls bla st ed a r e sh a t t er ed
a n d p u l v e r i ze d d u r i n g b l a s t i n g o p e r -
a t i o n s a n d t h e d u s t fo r m e d w i l l c o n t a i n
p a r t i c l e s o f r e s p i r a b l e s i ze . T h e c o m -
p o s i t i o n a n d t o x i c i t y o f t h e d u s t fr o m
t h ese sou r ces sh a ll be con sider ed in
m a k in g a n eva lu a t ion of t h e pot en t ia l
h e a l t h h a za r d s .
(i i ) T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f r e s p i r a b l e
d u s t o r fu m e i n t h e b r e a t h i n g zo n e o f
t h e a b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g o p e r a t o r o r a n y
ot h er wor k er sh a ll be k ept below t h e
l e v e l s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.1000.
(i i i ) Or g a n i c a b r a s i v e s w h i c h a r e
com bu st ible sh a ll be u sed on ly in a u t o-
m a t i c s y s t e m s . Wh e r e fl a m m a b l e o r e x -
plosive du st m ixt u r es m a y be pr esen t ,
t h e con st r u ct ion of t h e equ ipm en t , in -
clu din g t h e exh a u st sy st em a n d a ll
e l e c t r i c w i r i n g , s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e
r equ ir em en t s of Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n da r d In st a lla t ion of Blower a n d
E x h a u s t S y s t e m s fo r D u s t , S t o c k , a n d
V a p o r R e m o v a l o r Co n v e y i n g , Z 33.1–
1961 (N F P A 91–1961), w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, a n d s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t . T h e
b l a s t n o zzl e s h a l l b e b o n d e d a n d
gr ou n ded t o pr even t t h e bu ild u p of
s t a t i c c h a r g e s . Wh e r e fl a m m a b l e o r e x -
plosive du st m ixt u r es m a y be pr esen t ,
t h e a br a sive bla st in g en closu r e, t h e
du ct s, a n d t h e du st collect or sh a ll be
con st r u ct ed wit h loose pa n els or explo-
sion ven t in g a r ea s, loca t ed on sides
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.94
a w a y fr o m a n y o c c u p i e d a r e a , t o p r o -
v i d e fo r p r e s s u r e r e l i e f i n c a s e o f e x p l o -
s i o n , fo l l o w i n g t h e p r i n c i p l e s s e t fo r t h
in t h e Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Asso-
cia t ion E xplosion Ven t in g Gu ide,
N F P A 68–1954, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(3) B la st -clea n in g en closu res. (i ) B l a s t -
clea n in g en closu r es sh a ll be exh a u st
ven t ila t ed in su ch a wa y t h a t a con t in -
u o u s i n w a r d fl o w o f a i r w i l l b e m a i n -
t a in ed a t a ll open in gs in t h e en closu r e
du r in g t h e bla st in g oper a t ion .
(a ) A l l a i r i n l e t s a n d a c c e s s o p e n i n g s
s h a l l b e b a ffl e d o r s o a r r a n g e d t h a t b y
t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f i n w a r d a i r fl o w a n d
b a ffl i n g t h e e s c a p e o f a b r a s i v e o r d u s t
pa r t icu les in t o a n a dja cen t wor k a r ea
w i l l b e m i n i m i ze d a n d v i s i b l e s p u r t s o f
du st will n ot be obser ved.
(b) T h e r a t e o f e x h a u s t s h a l l b e s u ffi -
cien t t o pr ovide pr om pt clea r a n ce of
t h e d u s t -l a d e n a i r w i t h i n t h e e n c l o s u r e
a ft e r t h e c e s s a t i o n o f b l a s t i n g .
(c) B e fo r e t h e e n c l o s u r e i s o p e n e d ,
t h e b l a s t s h a l l b e t u r n e d o ff a n d t h e e x -
h a u s t s y s t e m s h a l l b e r u n fo r a s u ffi -
cien t per iod of t im e t o r em ove t h e
du st y a ir wit h in t h e en closu r e.
(d ) S a fe t y g l a s s p r o t e c t e d b y s c r e e n -
in g sh a ll be u sed in obser va t ion win -
d o w s , w h e r e h a r d d e e p -c u t t i n g a b r a -
sives a r e u sed.
(e) S l i t a b r a s i v e -r e s i s t a n t b a ffl e s
sh a ll be in st a lled in m u lt iple set s a t a ll
sm a ll a ccess open in gs wh er e du st
m igh t esca pe, a n d sh a ll be in spect ed
r egu la r ly a n d r epla ced wh en n eeded.
(1) D o o r s s h a l l b e fl a n g e d a n d t i g h t
wh en closed.
(2) D o o r s o n b l a s t -c l e a n i n g r o o m s
s h a l l b e o p e r a b l e fr o m b o t h i n s i d e a n d
ou t side, except t h a t wh er e t h er e is a
sm a ll oper a t or a ccess door , t h e la r ge
wor k a ccess door m a y be closed or
o p e n e d fr o m t h e o u t s i d e o n l y .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) E x h a u st v en t ila t ion sy st em s. (i ) T h e
con st r u ct ion , in st a lla t ion , in spect ion ,
a n d m a in t en a n ce of exh a u st sy st em s
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d r e -
q u i r e m e n t s s e t fo r t h i n A m e r i c a n N a -
t ion a l S t a n da r d F u n da m en t a ls Gov-
e r n i n g t h e D e s i g n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f
L o c a l E x h a u s t S y s t e m s , Z 9.2–1960, a n d
A N S I Z 33.1–1961, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(a ) Wh e n d u s t l e a k s a r e n o t e d , r e -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pa ir s sh a ll be m a de a s soon a s possible.
194
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(b) T h e s t a t i c p r e s s u r e d r o p a t t h e e x -
h a u s t d u c t s l e a d i n g fr o m t h e e q u i p -
m en t sh a ll be ch eck ed wh en t h e in st a l-
la t ion is com plet ed a n d per iodica lly
t h e r e a ft e r t o a s s u r e c o n t i n u e d s a t i s fa c -
t o r y o p e r a t i o n . Wh e n e v e r a n a p p r e -
cia ble ch a n ge in t h e pr essu r e dr op in di-
ca t es a pa r t ia l block a ge, t h e sy st em
sh a ll be clea n ed a n d r et u r n ed t o n or -
m a l oper a t in g con dit ion .
(i i ) I n i n s t a l l a t i o n s w h e r e t h e a b r a -
sive is r ecir cu la t ed, t h e exh a u st ven -
t i l a t i o n s y s t e m fo r t h e b l a s t i n g e n c l o -
s u r e s h a l l n o t b e r e l i e d u p o n fo r t h e r e -
m o v a l o f fi n e s fr o m t h e s p e n t a b r a s i v e
in st ea d of a n a br a sive sepa r a t or . An
a b r a s i v e s e p a r a t o r s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r
t h e pu r pose.
(i i i ) T h e a i r e x h a u s t e d fr o m b l a s t -
clea n in g equ ipm en t sh a ll be disch a r ged
t h r ou gh du st collect in g equ ipm en t .
Du st collect or s sh a ll be set u p so t h a t
t h e a ccu m u la t ed du st ca n be em pt ied
a n d r em oved wit h ou t con t a m in a t in g
ot h er wor k in g a r ea s.
(5) P erson a l p rot ect iv e equ ip m en t . (i )
E m ploy er s m u st u se on ly r espir a t or s
a p p r o v e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y and Hea lt h
(N I OS H ) u n d e r 42 CF R p a r t 84 t o p r o -
t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m d u s t s p r o d u c e d
d u r i n g a b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s .
(i i ) A b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g r espir a t or s
s h a l l b e w o r n b y a l l a b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g
oper a t or s:
(a ) Wh e n w o r k i n g i n s i d e o f b l a s t -
clea n in g r oom s, or
(b) Wh e n u s i n g s i l i c a s a n d i n m a n u a l
b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s w h e r e t h e n o zzl e
a n d bla st a r e n ot ph y sica lly sepa r a t ed
fr o m t h e o p e r a t o r i n a n e x h a u s t v e n t i -
la t ed en closu r e, or
(c) Wh e r e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t o x i c
du st disper sed by t h e a br a sive bla st in g
m a y e x c e e d t h e l i m i t s s e t i n § 1910.1000
a n d t h e n o zzl e a n d b l a s t a r e n o t p h y s -
i c a l l y s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e o p e r a t o r i n
a n e x h a u s t -v e n t i l a t e d e n c l o s u r e .
(i i i ) P r o p e r l y fi t t e d p a r t i c u l a t e -fi l t e r
r e s p i r a t o r s , c o m m o n l y r e fe r r e d t o a s
d u s t -fi l t e r r e s p i r a t o r s , m a y b e u s e d fo r
sh or t , in t er m it t en t , or occa sion a l du st
exposu r es su ch a s clea n u p, du m pin g of
du st collect or s, or u n loa din g sh ipm en t s
of sa n d a t a r eceivin g poin t wh en it is
n o t fe a s i b l e t o c o n t r o l t h e d u s t b y e n -
closu r e, exh a u st ven t ila t ion , or ot h er
m ea n s. T h e r espir a t or s u sed m u st be
a p p r o v e d b y N I OS H u n d e r 42 CF R p a r t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
84 fo r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e s p e c i fi c
t y pe of du st en cou n t er ed.
(a ) D u s t -fi l t e r r e s p i r a t o r s m a y b e
u sed t o pr ot ect t h e oper a t or of ou t side
a b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g oper a t ion s wh er e
n on silica a br a sives a r e u sed on m a t e-
r ia ls h a vin g low t oxicit ies.
(b) D u s t -fi l t e r r e s p i r a t o r s s h a l l n o t b e
u s e d fo r c o n t i n u o u s p r o t e c t i o n w h e r e
silica sa n d is u sed a s t h e bla st in g a br a -
sive, or t oxic m a t er ia ls a r e bla st ed.
(i v ) F o r e m p l o y e e s w h o u s e r e s -
pir a t or s r equ ir ed by t h is sect ion , t h e
em ploy er m u st im plem en t a r es-
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr ogr a m in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h 29 CF R 1910.134.
(v ) Op e r a t o r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h
h ea vy ca n va s or lea t h er gloves a n d
a pr on s or equ iva len t pr ot ect ion t o pr o-
t e c t t h e m fr o m t h e i m p a c t o f a b r a -
s i v e s . S a fe t y s h o e s s h a l l b e w o r n t o
p r o t e c t a g a i n s t fo o t i n j u r y w h e r e
h ea vy pieces of wor k a r e h a n dled.
(a ) S a fe t y s h o e s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e
r equ ir em en t s of Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n d a r d fo r M e n ’s S a fe t y -T o e F o o t -
w e a r , Z 41.1–1967, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(b) E q u i p m e n t fo r p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e
e y e s a n d fa c e s h a l l b e s u p p l i e d t o t h e
oper a t or wh en t h e r espir a t or design
does n ot pr ovide su ch pr ot ect ion a n d t o
a n y ot h er per son n el wor k in g in t h e vi-
cin it y of a br a sive bla st in g oper a t ion s.
T h i s e q u i p m e n t s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.133.
(6) A ir su p p ly a n d a ir com p ressors. A i r
fo r a b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g r e s p i r a t o r s m u s t
b e fr e e o f h a r m fu l q u a n t i t i e s o f d u s t s ,
m ist s, or n oxiou s ga ses, a n d m u st m eet
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r s u p p l i e d -a i r q u a l -
i t y a n d u s e s p e c i fi e d i n 29 CF R
1910.134(i ).
(7) O p era t ion a l p roced u res a n d gen era l
sa f et y . D u s t s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d t o
a c c u m u l a t e o n t h e fl o o r o r o n l e d g e s
o u t s i d e o f a n a b r a s i v e -b l a s t i n g e n c l o -
su r e, a n d du st spills sh a ll be clea n ed u p
pr om pt ly . Aisles a n d wa lk wa y s sh a ll be
k ept clea r of st eel sh ot or sim ila r a br a -
s i v e w h i c h m a y c r e a t e a s l i p p i n g h a z-
a r d.
(8) S cop e. T h i s p a r a g r a p h (a ) a p p l i e s
t o a ll oper a t ion s wh er e a n a br a sive is
fo r c i b l y a p p l i e d t o a s u r fa c e b y p n e u -
m a t ic or h y dr a u lic pr essu r e, or by cen -
t r i fu g a l fo r c e . I t d o e s n o t a p p l y t o
st ea m bla st in g, or st ea m clea n in g, or
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h y dr a u lic clea n in g m et h ods wh er e
195
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00205 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.94
wor k is don e wit h ou t t h e a id of a br a -
sives.
(b ) Grin d in g, p olish in g, a n d bu f f in g op -
era t ion s—(1) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is
p a ra gra p h —(i ) A bra siv e cu t t in g-of f
w h eels. Or g a n i c -b o n d e d w h e e l s , t h e
t h ick n ess of wh ich is n ot m or e t h a n
o n e fo r t y -e i g h t h o f t h e i r d i a m e t e r fo r
t h o s e u p t o , a n d i n c l u d i n g , 20 i n c h e s i n
d i a m e t e r , a n d n o t m o r e t h a n o n e -s i x -
t i e t h o f t h e i r d i a m e t e r fo r t h o s e l a r g e r
t h a n 20 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r , u s e d fo r a
m u lt it u de of oper a t ion s va r iou sly
k n own as cu t t in g, cu t t in g o ff,
gr oovin g, slot t in g, copin g, a n d join t -
in g, a n d t h e lik e. T h e wh eels m a y be
‘‘s o l i d ’’ c o n s i s t i n g o f o r g a n i c -b o n d e d
a b r a s i v e m a t e r i a l t h r o u g h o u t , ‘‘s t e e l
c e n t e r e d ’’ c o n s i s t i n g o f a s t e e l d i s c
w i t h a r i m o f o r g a n i c -b o n d e d m a t e r i a l
m ou lded a r ou n d t h e per iph er y , or of
t h e ‘‘i n s e r t e d t o o t h ’’ t y p e c o n s i s t i n g o f
a s t e e l d i s c w i t h o r g a n i c -b o n d e d a b r a -
sive t eet h or in ser t s m ech a n ica lly se-
cu r ed a r ou n d t h e per iph er y .
(i i ) B elt s. A l l p o w e r -d r i v e n , fl e x i b l e ,
coa t ed ba n ds u sed fo r gr in din g,
p o l i s h i n g , o r b u ffi n g p u r p o s e s .
(i i i ) B ra n ch p ip e. T h e p a r t o f a n e x -
h a u st sy st em pipin g t h a t is con n ect ed
dir ect ly t o t h e h ood or en closu r e.
(i v ) Cra d le. A m o v a b l e fi x t u r e , u p o n
wh ich t h e pa r t t o be gr ou n d or polish ed
is pla ced.
(v ) D isc w h eels. A l l p o w e r -d r i v e n r o -
t a t a b l e d i s c s fa c e d w i t h a b r a s i v e m a t e -
r i a l s , a r t i fi c i a l o r n a t u r a l , a n d u s e d fo r
gr in din g or polish in g on t h e side of t h e
a ssem bled disc.
(v i ) E n t ry loss. T h e l o s s i n s t a t i c p r e s -
s u r e c a u s e d b y a i r fl o w i n g i n t o a d u c t
or h ood. It is u su a lly expr essed in
in ch es of wa t er ga u ge.
(v i i ) E x h a u st sy st em . A s y s t e m c o n -
sist in g of br a n ch pipes con n ect ed t o
h oods or en closu r es, on e or m or e h ea d-
e r p i p e s , a n e x h a u s t fa n , m e a n s fo r s e p -
a r a t i n g s o l i d c o n t a m i n a n t s fr o m t h e
a i r fl o w i n g i n t h e s y s t e m , a n d a d i s -
ch a r ge st a ck t o ou t side.
(v i i i ) Grin d in g w h eels. A l l p o w e r -d r i v -
en r ot a t a ble gr in din g or a br a sive
w h e e l s , e x c e p t d i s c w h e e l s a s d e fi n e d i n
t h is st a n da r d, con sist in g of a br a sive
p a r t i c l e s h e l d t o g e t h e r b y a r t i fi c i a l o r
n a t u r a l b o n d s a n d u s e d fo r p e r i p h e r a l
gr in din g.
(i x ) H ea d er p ip e (m a in p ip e). A p i p e
in t o wh ich on e or m or e br a n ch pipes
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.94
en t er a n d wh ich con n ect s su ch br a n ch
pipes t o t h e r em a in der of t h e exh a u st
sy st em .
(x ) H ood s a n d en closu res. T h e p a r t i a l
or com plet e en closu r e a r ou n d t h e
wh eel or disc t h r ou gh wh ich a ir en t er s
a n exh a u st sy st em du r in g oper a t ion .
(x i ) H oriz on t a l d ou ble-sp in d le d isc
grin d er. A g r i n d i n g m a c h i n e c a r r y i n g
t w o p o w e r -d r i v e n , r o t a t a b l e , c o a x i a l ,
h o r i zo n t a l s p i n d l e s u p o n t h e i n s i d e
en ds of wh ich a r e m ou n t ed a br a sive
d i s c w h e e l s u s e d fo r g r i n d i n g t w o s u r -
fa c e s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y .
(x i i ) H oriz on t a l sin gle-sp in d le d isc
grin d er. A g r i n d i n g m a c h i n e c a r r y i n g
a n a br a sive disc wh eel u pon on e or
b o t h e n d s o f a p o w e r -d r i v e n , r o t a t a b l e
s i n g l e h o r i zo n t a l s p i n d l e .
(x i i i ) P olish in g a n d bu f f in g w h eels. A l l
p o w e r -d r i v e n r o t a t a b l e w h e e l s c o m -
p o s e d a l l o r i n p a r t o f t e x t i l e fa b r i c s ,
w o o d , fe l t , l e a t h e r , p a p e r , a n d m a y b e
coa t ed wit h a br a sives on t h e per iph er y
o f t h e w h e e l fo r p u r p o s e s o f p o l i s h i n g ,
b u ffi n g , a n d l i g h t g r i n d i n g .
(x i v ) P ort a ble grin d er. A n y p o w e r -d r i v -
en r ot a t a ble gr in din g, polish in g, or
b u ffi n g w h e e l m o u n t e d i n s u c h m a n n e r
t h a t it m a y be m a n u a lly m a n ipu la t ed.
(x v ) S cra t ch bru sh w h eels. A l l p o w e r -
d r i v e n r o t a t a b l e w h e e l s m a d e fr o m
w i r e o r b r i s t l e s , a n d u s e d fo r s c r a t c h
clea n in g a n d br u sh in g pu r poses.
(x v i ) S w in g-f ra m e grin d er. A n y p o w e r -
dr iven r ot a t a ble gr in din g, polish in g, or
b u ffi n g w h e e l m o u n t e d i n s u c h a m a n -
n er t h a t t h e wh eel wit h it s su ppor t in g
fr a m e w o r k c a n b e m a n i p u l a t e d o v e r
st a t ion a r y object s.
(x v i i ) V elocit y p ressu re (v p ). T h e k i -
n e t i c p r e s s u r e i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f fl o w
n e c e s s a r y t o c a u s e a fl u i d a t r e s t t o
fl o w a t a g i v e n v e l o c i t y . I t i s u s u a l l y
expr essed in in ch es of wa t er ga u ge.
(x v i i i ) V ert ica l sp in d le d isc grin d er. A
gr in din g m a ch in e h a vin g a ver t ica l, r o-
t a t a b l e p o w e r -d r i v e n s p i n d l e c a r r y i n g a
h o r i zo n t a l a b r a s i v e d i s c w h e e l .
(2) A p p lica t ion . Wh e r e v e r d r y g r i n d -
i n g , d r y p o l i s h i n g o r b u ffi n g i s p e r -
fo r m e d , a n d e m p l o y e e e x p o s u r e , w i t h -
ou t r ega r d t o t h e u se of r espir a t or s, ex-
ceeds t h e per m issible exposu r e lim it s
p r e s c r i b e d i n § 1910.1000 o r o t h e r s e c -
t ion s of t h is pa r t , a loca l exh a u st ven -
t ila t ion sy st em sh a ll be pr ovided a n d
u sed t o m a in t a in em ploy ee exposu r es
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wit h in t h e pr escr ibed lim it s.
196
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(3) H ood a n d bra n ch p ip e requ irem en t s.
(i ) H o o d s c o n n e c t e d t o e x h a u s t s y s t e m s
sh a ll be u sed, a n d su ch h oods sh a ll be
design ed, loca t ed, a n d pla ced so t h a t
t h e d u s t o r d i r t p a r t i c l e s s h a l l fa l l o r
be pr oject ed in t o t h e h oods in t h e di-
r e c t i o n o f t h e a i r fl o w . N o w h e e l s ,
discs, st r a ps, or belt s sh a ll be oper a t ed
in su ch m a n n er a n d in su ch dir ect ion
a s t o ca u se t h e du st a n d dir t pa r t icles
t o b e t h r o w n i n t o t h e o p e r a t o r ’s
b r e a t h i n g zo n e .
(i i ) G r i n d i n g w h e e l s o n fl o o r s t a n d s ,
p e d e s t a l s , b e n c h e s , a n d s p e c i a l -p u r p o s e
gr in din g m a ch in es a n d a br a sive cu t -
t i n g -o ff w h e e l s s h a l l h a v e n o t l e s s t h a n
t h e m in im u m exh a u st volu m es sh own
i n T a b l e G –4 w i t h a r e c o m m e n d e d m i n -
i m u m d u c t v e l o c i t y o f 4,500 fe e t p e r
m i n u t e i n t h e b r a n c h a n d 3,500 fe e t p e r
m in u t e in t h e m a in . T h e en t r y losses
fr o m a l l h o o d s e x c e p t t h e v e r t i c a l -s p i n -
d l e d i s c g r i n d e r h o o d , s h a l l e q u a l 0.65
v e l o c i t y p r e s s u r e fo r a s t r a i g h t t a k e o ff
a n d 0.45 v e l o c i t y p r e s s u r e fo r a t a p e r e d
t a k e o ff. T h e e n t r y l o s s fo r t h e v e r t i c a l -
spin dle disc gr in der h ood is sh own in
fi g u r e G –1 (fo l l o w i n g § 1910.94(b )).
TABLE G–4—GRINDING AND ABRASIVE CUTTING-
OFF WHEELS
Minimum
Wheel exhaust
Wheel diameter (inches) width volume
(inches)
(feet3/min.)
To 9 ............................................... 11⁄2 220
Over 9 to 16 .................................. 2 390
Over 16 to 19 ................................ 3 500
Over 19 to 24 ................................ 4 610
Over 24 to 30 ................................ 5 880
Over 30 to 36 ................................ 6 1,200
F or a n y wh eel wider t h a n wh eel dia m e-
t e r s s h o w n i n T a b l e G –4, i n c r e a s e t h e
exh a u st volu m e by t h e r a t io of t h e n ew
widt h t o t h e widt h sh own .
E x a m p le: I f w h e e l w i d t h = 41⁄2 i n c h e s , t h e n
4.5÷4×610 = 686 (r o u n d e d t o 690).
(i i i ) S c r a t c h -b r u s h w h e e l s a n d a l l
b u ffi n g a n d p o l i s h i n g w h e e l s m o u n t e d
o n fl o o r s t a n d s , p e d e s t a l s , b e n c h e s , o r
s p e c i a l -p u r p o s e m a c h i n e s s h a l l h a v e
n ot less t h a n t h e m in im u m exh a u st
v o l u m e s h o w n i n T a b l e G –5.
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.94

TABLE G–5—BUFFING AND POLISHING WHEELS TABLE G–8—VERTICAL SPINDLE DISC GRINDER
Minimum One-half or more Disc not cov-
Wheel of disc covered ered
exhaust
Wheel diameter (inches) width volume
(inches) Disc diameter (inches) Ex- Ex-
(feet3/min.)
Num- haust Num- haust
ber 1 foot3/ ber 1 foot3/
To 9 ............................................... 2 300 min.) min.
Over 9 to 16 .................................. 3 500
Over 16 to 19 ................................ 4 610 Up to 20 ..................... 1 500 2 780
Over 19 to 24 ................................ 5 740 Over 20 to 30 ............ 2 780 2 1,480
Over 24 to 30 ................................ 6 1,040 Over 30 to 53 ............ 2 1,770 4 3,530
Over 30 to 36 ................................ 6 1,200 Over 53 to 72 ............ 2 3,140 5 6,010
1 Number of exhaust outlets around periphery of hood, or
equal distribution provided by other means.
(i v ) G r i n d i n g w h e e l s o r d i s c s fo r h o r i -
zo n t a l s i n g l e -s p i n d l e d i s c g r i n d e r s s h a l l (v i i ) G r i n d i n g a n d p o l i s h i n g b e l t s
be h ooded t o collect t h e du st or dir t sh a ll be pr ovided wit h h oods t o r em ove
gen er a t ed by t h e gr in din g oper a t ion du st a n d dir t gen er a t ed in t h e oper -
a n d t h e h oods sh a ll be con n ect ed t o a t ion s a n d t h e h oods sh a ll be con n ect ed
br a n ch pipes h a vin g exh a u st volu m es t o br a n ch pipes h a vin g exh a u st vol-
a s s h o w n i n T a b l e G –6. u m e s a s s h o w n i n T a b l e G –9.

TABLE G–6—HORIZONTAL SINGLE-SPINDLE DISC TABLE G–9—GRINDING AND POLISHING BELTS

GRINDER Exhaust
Belts width (inches) volume
Exhaust (ft.3/min.)
Disc diameter (inches) volume
(ft.3/min.) Up to 3 ................................................................. 220
Over 3 to 5 .......................................................... 300
Up to 12 ............................................................... 220 Over 5 to 7 .......................................................... 390
Over 12 to 19 ...................................................... 390 Over 7 to 9 .......................................................... 500
Over 9 to 11 ........................................................ 610
Over 19 to 30 ...................................................... 610
Over 11 to 13 ...................................................... 740
Over 30 to 36 ...................................................... 880

(v ) G r i n d i n g w h e e l s o r d i s c s fo r h o r i -
zo n t a l d o u b l e -s p i n d l e d i s c g r i n d e r s
sh a ll h a ve a h ood en closin g t h e gr in d-
in g ch a m ber a n d t h e h ood sh a ll be con -
n ect ed t o on e or m or e br a n ch pipes
h a vin g exh a u st volu m es a s sh own in
T a b l e G –7.
TABLE G–7—HORIZONTAL DOUBLE-SPINDLE
DISC GRINDER
Disc diameter (inches)
(ft.3/min.)
Up to 19 ...............................................................
Over 19 to 25 ......................................................
Over 25 to 30 ......................................................
Over 30 to 53 ......................................................
Over 53 to 72 ......................................................
(v i ) G r i n d i n g w h e e l s o r d i s c s fo r
v e r t i c a l s i n g l e -s p i n d l e d i s c g r i n d e r s
sh a ll be en cir cled wit h h oods t o r em ove
t h e du st gen er a t ed in t h e oper a t ion .
T h e h oods sh a ll be con n ect ed t o on e or
m or e br a n ch pipes h a vin g exh a u st vol-
u m e s a s s h o w n i n T a b l e G –8.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
(v i i i ) Cr a d l e s a n d s w i n g -fr a m e g r i n d -
e r s . Wh e r e c r a d l e s a r e u s e d fo r h a n -
dlin g t h e pa r t s t o be gr ou n d, polish ed,
o r b u ffe d , r e q u i r i n g l a r g e p a r t i a l e n c l o -
su r es t o h ou se t h e com plet e oper a t ion ,
a m i n i m u m a v e r a g e a i r v e l o c i t y o f 150
fe e t p e r m i n u t e s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d
over t h e en t ir e open in g of t h e en clo-
s u r e . S w i n g -fr a m e g r i n d e r s s h a l l a l s o
be exh a u st ed in t h e sa m e m a n n er a s
p r o v i d e d fo r c r a d l e s . (S e e fi g . G –3)
(i x ) Wh e r e t h e w o r k i s o u t s i d e t h e
Exhaust
volume h ood, a ir volu m es m u st be in cr ea sed a s
sh own in Am er ica n S t a n da r d F u n -
da m en t a ls Gover n in g t h e Design a n d
610
880 Op e r a t i o n o f L o c a l E x h a u s t S y s t e m s ,
1,200 Z 9.2–1960 (s e c t i o n 4, e x h a u s t h o o d s ).
1,770 (4) E x h a u st sy st em s. (i ) E x h a u s t s y s -
6,280 t e m s fo r g r i n d i n g , p o l i s h i n g , a n d b u ff-
in g oper a t ion s sh ou ld be design ed in
a ccor da n ce wit h Am er ica n S t a n da r d
F u n da m en t a ls Gover n in g t h e Design
a n d Op e r a t i o n o f L o c a l E x h a u s t S y s -
t e m s , Z 9.2–1960.
(i i ) E x h a u s t s y s t e m s fo r g r i n d i n g ,
p o l i s h i n g , a n d b u ffi n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l
be t est ed in t h e m a n n er descr ibed in
Am er ica n S t a n da r d F u n da m en t a ls
G o v e r n i n g t h e D e s i g n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f

L o c a l E x h a u s t S y s t e m s , Z 9.2–1960.

197

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 § 1910.94
(i i i ) A l l e x h a u s t s y s t e m s s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h su it a ble du st collect or s.
(5) H ood a n d en closu re d esign . (i )(a ) I t
i s t h e d u a l fu n c t i o n o f g r i n d i n g a n d a b -
r a s i v e c u t t i n g -o ff w h e e l h o o d s t o p r o -
t e c t t h e o p e r a t o r fr o m t h e h a za r d s o f
bu r st in g wh eels a s well a s t o pr ovide a
m e a n s fo r t h e r e m o v a l o f d u s t a n d d i r t
gen er a t ed. All h oods sh a ll be n ot less
i n s t r u c t u r a l s t r e n g t h t h a n s p e c i fi e d i n
t h e A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d S a fe -
t y Co d e fo r t h e U s e , Ca r e , a n d P r o t e c -
t i o n o f A b r a s i v e Wh e e l s , B 7.1–1970,
w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(b) D u e t o t h e v a r i e t y o f w o r k a n d
t y pes of gr in din g m a ch in es em ploy ed,
it is n ecessa r y t o develop h oods a da pt -
a ble t o t h e pa r t icu la r m a ch in e in qu es-
t ion , a n d su ch h oods sh a ll be loca t ed a s
close a s possible t o t h e oper a t ion .
(i i ) E x h a u s t h o o d s fo r fl o o r s t a n d s ,
pedest a ls, a n d ben ch gr in der s sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h fi g u r e G –2.
T h e a d j u s t a b l e t o n g u e s h o w n i n t h e fi g -
u r e sh a ll be k ept in wor k in g or der a n d
s h a l l b e a d j u s t e d w i t h i n o n e -fo u r t h
in ch of t h e wh eel per iph er y a t a ll
t im es.
(i i i ) S w i n g -fr a m e g r i n d e r s s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h exh a u st boot h s a s in di-
c a t e d i n fi g u r e G –3.
(i v ) P o r t a b l e g r i n d i n g o p e r a t i o n s ,
wh en ever t h e n a t u r e of t h e wor k per -
m it s, sh a ll be con du ct ed wit h in a pa r -
t ia l en closu r e. T h e open in g in t h e en -
closu r e sh a ll be n o la r ger t h a n is a ct u -
a lly r equ ir ed in t h e oper a t ion a n d a n
a v e r a g e fa c e a i r v e l o c i t y o f n o t l e s s
t h a n 200 fe e t p e r m i n u t e s h a l l b e m a i n -
t a in ed.
(v ) H o o d s fo r p o l i s h i n g a n d b u ffi n g
a n d s c r a t c h -b r u s h w h e e l s s h a l l b e c o n -
s t r u c t e d t o c o n fo r m a s c l o s e l y t o fi g u r e
G –4 a s t h e n a t u r e o f t h e w o r k w i l l p e r -
m it .
(v i ) Cr a d l e g r i n d i n g a n d p o l i s h i n g o p -
e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d w i t h i n a
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
198
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
p a r t i a l e n c l o s u r e s i m i l a r t o fi g u r e G –5.
T h e oper a t or sh a ll be posit ion ed ou t -
s i d e t h e w o r k i n g fa c e o f t h e o p e n i n g o f
t h e e n c l o s u r e . T h e fa c e o p e n i n g o f t h e
en closu r e sh ou ld n ot be a n y gr ea t er in
a r e a t h a n t h a t a c t u a l l y r e q u i r e d fo r
t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e o p e r a t i o n a n d
t h e a ver a ge a ir velocit y in t o t h e wor k -
i n g fa c e o f t h e e n c l o s u r e s h a l l n o t b e
l e s s t h a n 150 fe e t p e r m i n u t e .
(v i i ) H o o d s fo r h o r i zo n t a l s i n g l e -s p i n -
dle disc gr in der s sh a ll be con st r u ct ed
t o c o n fo r m a s c l o s e l y a s p o s s i b l e t o t h e
h o o d s h o w n i n fi g u r e G –6. I t i s e s s e n -
t ia l t h a t t h er e be a spa ce bet ween t h e
ba ck of t h e wh eel a n d t h e h ood, a n d a
spa ce a r ou n d t h e per iph er y of t h e
wh eel of a t lea st 1 in ch in or der t o per -
m it t h e su ct ion t o a ct a r ou n d t h e
wh eel per iph er y . T h e open in g on t h e
side of t h e disc sh a ll be n o la r ger t h a n
i s r e q u i r e d fo r t h e g r i n d i n g o p e r a t i o n ,
bu t m u st n ever be less t h a n t wice t h e
a r ea of t h e br a n ch ou t let .
(v i i i ) H o r i zo n t a l d o u b l e -s p i n d l e d i s c
gr in der s sh a ll h a ve a h ood en cir clin g
t h e wh eels a n d gr in din g ch a m ber sim i-
l a r t o t h a t i l l u s t r a t e d i n fi g u r e G –7.
T h e o p e n i n g s fo r p a s s i n g t h e w o r k i n t o
t h e gr in din g ch a m ber sh ou ld be k ept a s
sm a ll a s possible, bu t m u st n ever be
less t h a n t wice t h e a r ea of t h e br a n ch
ou t let s.
(i x ) V e r t i c a l -s p i n d l e d i s c g r i n d e r s
sh a ll be en cir cled wit h a h ood so con -
st r u ct ed t h a t t h e h ea vy du st is dr a wn
o ff a s u r fa c e o f t h e d i s c a n d t h e l i g h t e r
du st exh a u st ed t h r ou gh a con t in u ou s
slot a t t h e t op of t h e h ood a s sh own in
fi g u r e G –1.
(x ) G r i n d i n g a n d p o l i s h i n g b e l t h o o d s
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a s close t o t h e op-
er a t ion a s possible. T h e h ood sh ou ld
e x t e n d a l m o s t t o t h e b e l t , a n d 1-i n c h
wide open in gs sh ou ld be pr ovided on ei-
t h e r s i d e . F i g u r e G –8 s h o w s a t y p i c a l
h o o d fo r a b e l t o p e r a t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.94

Dia D. inches Exhaust E Volume

Exhausted Note
No at 4,500 ft/
Min. Max. Dia.
Pipes min ft3/min

........................................................ 20 1 41⁄4 500 When one-half or more of the disc can be hood-
ed, use exhaust ducts as shown at the left.
Over 20 ......................................... 30 2 4 780
Over 30 ......................................... 72 2 6 1,770
Over 53 ......................................... 72 2 8 3,140

........................................................ 20 2 4 780 When no hood can be used over disc, use ex-
haust ducts as shown at left.
Over 20 ......................................... 20 2 4 780
Over 30 ......................................... 30 2 51⁄2 1,480
Over 53 ......................................... 53 4 6 3,530
72 5 7 6,010
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

Entry loss=1.0 slot velocity pressure + 0.5 branch velocity pressure.

Minimum slot velocity=2,000 ft/min—1⁄2-inch slot width.

199
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 § 1910.94 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

Wheel dimension, inches Volume of

Exhaust air at
Diameter outlet, 4,500 ft/
Width, Max inches E min
Min=d Max=D

9 11⁄2 3 220
Over 9 ........................................................................................................... 16 2 4 390
Over 16 ......................................................................................................... 19 3 41⁄2 500
Over 19 ......................................................................................................... 24 4 5 610
Over 24 ......................................................................................................... 30 5 6 880
Over 30 ......................................................................................................... 36 6 7 1,200
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

200
EC27OC91.016</GPH>

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.94
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

201
EC27OC91.017</GPH>

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 § 1910.94 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

Standard Buffing and Polishing Hood

Wheel dimension, inches Volume of

Exhaust air at
Diameter outlet, 4,500 ft/
Width, Max inches E min
Min=d Max=D

9 2 31⁄2 300
Over 9 ........................................................................................................... 16 3 4 500
Over 16 ......................................................................................................... 19 4 5 610
Over 19 ......................................................................................................... 24 5 5 ⁄2
1 740
Over 24 ......................................................................................................... 30 6 61⁄2 1.040
Over 30 ......................................................................................................... 36 6 7 1.200
Entry loss = 0.15 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff; 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

202
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.94
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

203
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 § 1910.94 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

Dia D, inches Volume ex-

Exhaust E, hausted at
dia. inches 4,500 ft/min
Min. Max. ft3/min

12 3 220
Over 12 .............................................................................................................................. 19 4 390
Over 19 .............................................................................................................................. 30 5 610
Over 30 .............................................................................................................................. 36 6 880
NOTE: If grinding wheels are used for disc grinding purposes, hoods must conform to structural strength and materials as de-
scribed in 9.1.
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

204
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.94

Disc dia. inches Exhaust E Volume

exhaust at
4,500 ft/ Note
Min. Max. No Pipes Dia. min. ft3/
min

19 1 5 610
Over 19 .................................. 25 1 6 880 When width ‘‘W’’ permits, exhaust ducts
should be as near heaviest grinding as
possible.
Over 25 .................................. 30 1 7 1,200
Over 30 .................................. 53 2 6 1,770
Over 53 .................................. 72 4 8 6,280
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

205
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 § 1910.94
Belt width W. Inches
Up to 3 .................................................................
3 to 5 ...................................................................
5 to 7 ...................................................................
7 to 9 ...................................................................
9 to 11 .................................................................
11 to 13 ...............................................................
Minimum duct velocity = 4,500 ft/min branch, 3,500 ft/min
main.
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff; 0.65
velocity pressure for straight takeoff.
(6) S cop e. T h i s p a r a g r a p h (b ), p r e -
scr ibes t h e u se of exh a u st h ood en clo-
su r es a n d sy st em s in r em ovin g du st ,
d i r t , fu m e s , a n d g a s e s g e n e r a t e d
t h r ou gh t h e gr in din g, polish in g, or
b u ffi n g o f fe r r o u s a n d n o n fe r r o u s m e t -
a ls.
(c ) S p ra y f in ish in g op era t ion s—(1) D ef i-
n it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is p a ra gra p h —(i )
S p ra y -f in ish in g op era t ion s. S p r a y -fi n -
ish in g oper a t ion s a r e em ploy m en t of
m et h ods wh er ein or ga n ic or in or ga n ic
m a t e r i a l s a r e u t i l i ze d i n d i s p e r s e d fo r m
fo r d e p o s i t o n s u r fa c e s t o b e c o a t e d ,
t r ea t ed, or clea n ed. S u ch m et h ods of
deposit m a y in volve eit h er a u t om a t ic,
m a n u a l, or elect r ost a t ic deposit ion bu t
do n ot in clu de m et a l spr a y in g or m et -
a l l i zi n g , d i p p i n g , fl o w c o a t i n g , r o l l e r
c o a t i n g , t u m b l i n g , c e n t r i fu g i n g , o r
spr a y wa sh in g a n d degr ea sin g a s con -
d u c t e d i n s e l f-c o n t a i n e d w a s h i n g a n d
degr ea sin g m a ch in es or sy st em s.
(i i ) S p ra y boot h . S p r a y b o o t h s a r e d e -
fi n e d a n d d e s c r i b e d i n § 1910.107(a ). (S e e
s e c t i o n s 103, 104, a n d 105 o f t h e S t a n d -
a r d fo r S p r a y F i n i s h i n g U s i n g F l a m -
m a b l e a n d Co m b u s t i b l e M a t e r i a l s ,
N F P A N o . 33–1969, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
§ 1910.6).
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
Exhaust (i i i ) S p ra y room . A s p r a y r o o m i s a
volume. r o o m i n w h i c h s p r a y -fi n i s h i n g o p e r -
ft.1/min
a t ion s n ot con du ct ed in a spr a y boot h
220 a r e p e r fo r m e d s e p a r a t e l y fr o m o t h e r
300
390 a r ea s.
500 (i v ) M in im u m m a in t a in ed v elocit y . M i n -
610 im u m m a in t a in ed velocit y is t h e veloc-
740
it y of a ir m ovem en t wh ich m u st be
m a in t a in ed in or der t o m eet m in im u m
s p e c i fi e d r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r h e a l t h a n d
s a fe t y .
(2) L oca t ion a n d a p p lica t ion . S p r a y
boot h s or spr a y r oom s a r e t o be u sed t o
e n c l o s e o r c o n fi n e a l l o p e r a t i o n s .
S p r a y -fi n i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e l o -
c a t e d a s p r o v i d e d i n s e c t i o n s 201
t h r o u g h 206 o f t h e S t a n d a r d fo r S p r a y
F i n i s h i n g U s i n g F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m -
b u s t i b l e M a t e r i a l s , N F P A N o . 33–1969.
(3) D esign a n d con st ru ct ion of sp ra y
boot h s. (i ) S p r a y b o o t h s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h § 1910.107(b ) (1) t h r o u g h (4) a n d (6)
t h r o u g h (10) (s e e s e c t i o n s 301–304 a n d
306–310 o f t h e S t a n d a r d fo r S p r a y F i n -
i s h i n g U s i n g F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m b u s -
t i b l e M a t e r i a l s , N F P A N o . 33–1969), fo r
gen er a l con st r u ct ion s p e c i fi c a t i o n s .
F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d i s c u s s i o n o f fu n -
da m en t a ls r ela t in g t o t h is su bject , see
A N S I Z 9.2–1960
(a ) L i g h t s , m o t o r s , e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m en t , a n d ot h er sou r ces of ign it ion
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
§ 1910.107 (b )(10) a n d (c ). (S e e s e c t i o n 310
a n d c h a p t e r 4 o f t h e S t a n d a r d fo r S p r a y
F i n i s h i n g U s i n g F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m -
b u s t i b l e M a t e r i a l s N F P A N o . 33–1969.)
(b) I n n o c a s e s h a l l c o m b u s t i b l e m a -
t er ia l be u sed in t h e con st r u ct ion of a
spr a y boot h a n d su pply or exh a u st du ct
con n ect ed t o it .
206
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i ) U n o b s t r u c t e d w a l k w a y s s h a l l n o t
b e l e s s t h a n 61⁄2 fe e t h i g h a n d s h a l l b e
m a i n t a i n e d c l e a r o f o b s t r u c t i o n fr o m
a n y wor k loca t ion in t h e boot h t o a
b o o t h e x i t o r o p e n b o o t h fr o n t . I n
b o o t h s w h e r e t h e o p e n fr o n t i s t h e o n l y
exit , su ch exit s sh a ll be n ot less t h a n 3
fe e t w i d e . I n b o o t h s h a v i n g m u l t i p l e
exit s, su ch exit s sh a ll n ot be less t h a n
2 fe e t w i d e , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e m a x -
i m u m d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e w o r k l o c a t i o n
t o t h e e x i t i s 25 fe e t o r l e s s . Wh e r e
boot h exit s a r e pr ovided wit h door s,
s u c h d o o r s s h a l l o p e n o u t w a r d fr o m t h e
boot h .
(i i i ) B a ffl e s , d i s t r i b u t i o n p l a t e s , a n d
d r y -t y p e o v e r s p r a y c o l l e c t o r s s h a l l
c o n fo r m to t he r equ ir em en t s of
§ 1910.107(b ) (4) a n d (5). (S e e s e c t i o n s 304
a n d 305 o f t h e S t a n d a r d fo r S p r a y F i n -
i s h i n g U s i n g F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m b u s -
t i b l e M a t e r i a l s , N F P A N o . 33–1969.)
(a ) Ov e r s p r a y fi l t e r s s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled a n d m a in t a in ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.107(b )(5),
(s e e s e c t i o n 305 o f t h e S t a n d a r d fo r
S pr a y F in ish in g Usin g F la m m a ble a n d
Co m b u s t i b l e M a t e r i a l s , N F P A N o . 33–
1969), a n d s h a l l o n l y b e i n a l o c a t i o n
e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n , c l e a n -
in g, or r epla cem en t .
(b) Wh e r e e ffe c t i v e m e a n s , i n d e -
p e n d e n t o f t h e o v e r s p r a y fi l t e r s , a r e i n -
st a lled wh ich will r esu lt in design a ir
dist r ibu t ion a cr oss t h e boot h cr oss sec-
t ion , it is per m issible t o oper a t e t h e
b o o t h w i t h o u t t h e fi l t e r s i n p l a c e .
(i v ) (a ) F o r w e t o r w a t e r -w a s h s p r a y
b o o t h s , t h e w a t e r -c h a m b e r e n c l o s u r e ,
wit h in wh ich in t im a t e con t a ct of con -
t a m in a t ed a ir a n d clea n in g wa t er or
ot h er clea n in g m ediu m is m a in t a in ed,
i f m a d e o f s t e e l , s h a l l b e 18 g a g e o r
h ea vier and a dequ a t ely pr ot ect ed
a ga in st cor r osion .
(b) Ch a m b e r s m a y i n c l u d e s c r u b b e r
s p r a y n o zzl e s , h e a d e r s , t r o u g h s , o r
o t h e r d e v i c e s . Ch a m b e r s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h a d e q u a t e m e a n s fo r c r e a t i n g
a n d m a i n t a i n i n g s c r u b b i n g a c t i o n fo r
r e m o v a l o f p a r t i c u l a t e m a t t e r fr o m t h e
exh a u st a ir st r ea m .
(v ) Co l l e c t i n g t a n k s s h a l l b e o f w e l d -
ed st eel con st r u ct ion or ot h er su it a ble
n o n -c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l . I f p i t s a r e
u sed a s collect in g t a n k s, t h ey sh a ll be
con cr et e, m a son r y , or ot h er m a t er ia l
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h a vin g sim ila r pr oper t ies.
207
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00217 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.94
(a ) T a n k s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
weir s, sk im m er pla t es, or scr een s t o
p r e v e n t s l u d g e a n d fl o a t i n g p a i n t fr o m
en t er in g t h e pu m p su ct ion box. Mea n s
fo r a u t o m a t i c a l l y m a i n t a i n i n g t h e
pr oper wa t er level sh a ll a lso be pr o-
vided. F r esh wa t er in let s sh a ll n ot be
su bm er ged. T h ey sh a ll t er m in a t e a t
l e a s t o n e p i p e d i a m e t e r a b o v e t h e s a fe -
t y o v e r fl o w l e v e l o f t h e t a n k .
(b) T a n k s s h a l l b e s o c o n s t r u c t e d a s
t o d i s c o u r a g e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f h a z-
a r dou s deposit s.
(v i ) P u m p m a n i fo l d s , r i s e r s , a n d
h e a d e r s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y s i ze d t o i n -
s u r e s u ffi c i e n t w a t e r fl o w t o p r o v i d e e f-
fi c i e n t o p e r a t i o n o f t h e w a t e r c h a m b e r .
(4) D esign a n d con st ru ct ion of sp ra y
room s. (i ) S p r a y r o o m s , i n c l u d i n g
fl o o r s , s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d o f m a s o n r y ,
con cr et e, or ot h er n on com bu st ible m a -
t er ia l.
(i i ) S p r a y r o o m s s h a l l h a v e n o n -
c o m b u s t i b l e fi r e d o o r s a n d s h u t t e r s .
(i i i ) S p r a y r o o m s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y
ven t ila t ed so t h a t t h e a t m osph er e in
t h e b r e a t h i n g zo n e o f t h e o p e r a t o r
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(6)(i i )
of t h is sect ion .
(i v ) S p r a y r o o m s u s e d fo r p r o d u c t i o n
s p r a y -fi n i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r s p r a y
boot h s.
(5) V en t ila t ion . (i ) V e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e
pr ovided in a ccor da n ce wit h pr ovision s
o f § 1910.107(d ) (s e e c h a p t e r 5 o f t h e
S t a n d a r d fo r S p r a y F i n i s h i n g U s i n g
F l a m m a b l e o r Co m b u s t i b l e M a t e r i a l s ,
N F P A N o . 33–1969), a n d i n a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) Wh e r e a fa n p l e n u m i s u s e d t o
e q u a l i ze o r c o n t r o l t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f
exh a u st a ir m ovem en t t h r ou gh t h e
b o o t h , i t s h a l l b e o f s u ffi c i e n t s t r e n g t h
o r r i g i d i t y t o w i t h s t a n d t h e d i ffe r e n t i a l
a i r p r e s s u r e o r o t h e r s u p e r fi c i a l l y i m -
p o s e d l o a d s fo r w h i c h t h e e q u i p m e n t i s
d e s i g n e d a n d a l s o t o fa c i l i t a t e c l e a n -
i n g . Co n s t r u c t i o n s p e c i fi c a t i o n s s h a l l
be a t lea st equ iva len t t o t h ose of pa r a -
g r a p h (c )(5)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) I n l e t o r s u p p l y d u c t w o r k u s e d t o
t r a n spor t m a k eu p a ir t o spr a y boot h s
or su r r ou n din g a r ea s sh a ll be con -
st r u ct ed of n on com bu st ible m a t er ia ls.
(a ) I f n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e e x i s t s w i t h i n
in let du ct wor k , a ll sea m s a n d join t s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.94
sh a ll be sea led if t h er e is a possibilit y
o f i n fi l t r a t i o n o f h a r m fu l q u a n t i t i e s o f
n o x i o u s g a s e s , fu m e s , o r m i s t s fr o m
a r ea s t h r ou gh wh ich du ct wor k pa sses.
(b) I n l e t d u c t w o r k s h a l l b e s i ze d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h v o l u m e fl o w r e q u i r e -
m en t s a n d pr ovide design a ir r equ ir e-
m en t s a t t h e spr a y boot h .
(c) I n l e t d u c t w o r k s h a l l b e a d e -
qu a t ely su ppor t ed t h r ou gh ou t it s
len gt h t o su st a in a t lea st it s own
weigh t plu s a n y n ega t ive pr essu r e
wh ich is exer t ed u pon it u n der n or m a l
oper a t in g con dit ion s.
(i i i )(a ) E x h a u s t d u c t w o r k s h a l l b e
a dequ a t ely su ppor t ed t h r ou gh ou t it s
len gt h t o su st a in it s weigh t plu s a n y
n or m a l a ccu m u la t ion in in t er ior du r -
in g n or m a l oper a t in g con dit ion s a n d
a n y n ega t ive pr essu r e exer t ed u pon it .
(b) E x h a u s t d u c t w o r k s h a l l b e s i ze d
in a ccor da n ce wit h good design pr a c-
t ice wh ich sh a ll in clu de con sider a t ion
o f fa n c a p a c i t y , l e n g t h o f d u c t , n u m b e r
o f t u r n s a n d e l b o w s , v a r i a t i o n i n s i ze ,
volu m e, a n d ch a r a ct er of m a t er ia ls
bein g exh a u st ed. S ee Am er ica n Na -
t i o n a l S t a n d a r d Z 9.2–1960 fo r fu r t h e r
det a ils a n d expla n a t ion con cer n in g ele-
m en t s of design .
(c) L o n g i t u d i n a l j o i n t s i n s h e e t s t e e l
d u c t w o r k s h a l l b e e i t h e r l o c k -s e a m e d ,
r ivet ed, or welded. F or ot h er t h a n st eel
con st r u ct ion , equ iva len t secu r in g of
join t s sh a ll be pr ovided.
(d ) Ci r c u m fe r e n t i a l j o i n t s i n d u c t -
w o r k s h a l l b e s u b s t a n t i a l l y fa s t e n e d
t oget h er a n d la pped in t h e dir ect ion of
a i r fl o w . A t l e a s t e v e r y fo u r t h j o i n t
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h con n ect in g
fl a n g e s , b o l t e d t o g e t h e r , o r o f e q u i v a -
l e n t fa s t e n i n g s e c u r i t y .
(e) I n s p e c t i o n o r c l e a n -o u t d o o r s s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d fo r e v e r y 9 t o 12 fe e t o f r u n -
TABLE G–10—MINIMUM MAINTAINED VELOCITIES INTO SPRAY BOOTHS
Operating conditions for objects completely inside booth
Electrostatic and automatic airless operation contained in booth
without operator.
Air-operated guns, manual or automatic ............................................
Air-operated guns, manual or automatic ............................................
NOTES:
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
(1) Attention is invited to the fact that the effectiveness of the spray booth is dependent upon the relationship of the depth of
the booth to its height and width.
208
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
n i n g l e n g t h fo r d u c t s u p t o 12 i n c h e s i n
dia m et er , bu t t h e dist a n ce bet ween
c l e a n o u t d o o r s m a y b e g r e a t e r fo r l a r g -
e r p i p e s . (S e e 8.3.21 o f A m e r i c a n N a -
t i o n a l S t a n d a r d Z 9.1–1951, w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.) A c l e a n -o u t d o o r o r d o o r s s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d fo r s e r v i c i n g t h e fa n , a n d
wh er e n ecessa r y , a dr a in sh a ll be pr o-
vided.
(f ) Wh e r e d u c t w o r k p a s s e s t h r o u g h a
com bu st ible r oof or wa ll, t h e r oof or
wa ll sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a t t h e poin t of
p e n e t r a t i o n b y o p e n s p a c e o r fi r e -r e s i s -
t ive m a t er ia l bet ween t h e du ct a n d t h e
r o o f o r w a l l . Wh e n d u c t s p a s s t h r o u g h
fi r e w a l l s , t h e y s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
a u t o m a t i c fi r e d a m p e r s o n b o t h s i d e s o f
t h e w a l l , e x c e p t t h a t t h r e e -e i g h t h -i n c h
st eel pla t es m a y be u sed in lieu of
a u t o m a t i c fi r e d a m p e r s fo r d u c t s n o t
e x c e e d i n g 18 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r .
(g) D u c t w o r k u s e d fo r v e n t i l a t i n g a n y
pr ocess cover ed in t h is st a n da r d sh a ll
n ot be con n ect ed t o du ct s ven t ila t in g
a n y ot h er pr ocess or a n y ch im n ey or
fl u e u s e d fo r c o n v e y i n g a n y p r o d u c t s o f
com bu st ion .
(6) V elocit y a n d a ir f low requ irem en t s.
(i ) E x c e p t w h e r e a s p r a y b o o t h h a s a n
a dequ a t e a ir r epla cem en t sy st em , t h e
velocit y of a ir in t o a ll open in gs of a
spr a y boot h sh a ll be n ot less t h a n t h a t
s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e G –10 fo r t h e o p e r -
a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s s p e c i fi e d . A n a d e q u a t e
a ir r epla cem en t sy st em is on e wh ich
in t r odu ces r epla cem en t a ir u pst r ea m
or a bove t h e object bein g spr a y ed a n d
is so design ed t h a t t h e velocit y of a ir
in t h e boot h cr oss sect ion is n ot less
t h a n t h a t s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e G –10 w h e n
m ea su r ed u pst r ea m or a bove t h e object
bein g spr a y ed.
Airflow velocities, f.p.m.
Crossdraft,
f.p.m. Design Range
Negligible .... 50 large booth ...................... 50–75
100 small booth .................... 75–125
Up to 50 ...... 100 large booth .................... 75–125
150 small booth .................... 125–175
Up to 100 .... 150 large booth .................... 125–175
200 small booth .................... 150–250
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.94
(2) Crossdrafts can be eliminated through proper design and such design should be sought. Crossdrafts in excess of
100fpm (feet per minute) should not be permitted.
(3) Excessive air pressures result in loss of both efficiency and material waste in addition to creating a backlash that may
carry overspray and fumes into adjacent work areas.
(4) Booths should be designed with velocities shown in the column headed ‘‘Design.’’ However, booths operating with veloci-
ties shown in the column headed ‘‘Range’’ are in compliance with this standard.

(i i ) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s TABLE G–11—LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT OF

i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(6)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n t h e SOME COMMONLY USED SOLVENTS—Continued
t ot a l a ir volu m e exh a u st ed t h r ou gh a
Lower ex-
spr a y boot h sh a ll be su ch a s t o dilu t e Cubic feet plosive
per gallon
s o l v e n t v a p o r t o a t l e a s t 25 p e r c e n t o f Solvent of vapor of limit in per-
cent by
t h e lower explosive lim it of t h e solven t liquid at 70 volume of
°F.
bein g spr a y ed. An exa m ple of t h e m et h - air at 70 °F
od of ca lcu la t in g t h is volu m e is given Butyl Cellosolve ............................. 24.8 1.1
below. Cellosolve ...................................... 33.6 1.8
Cellosolve Acetate ......................... 23.2 1.7
E x a m p le: T o d e t e r m i n e t h e l o w e r e x p l o s i v e 1 1.1
Cyclohexanone .............................. 31.2
lim it s of t h e m ost com m on solven t s u sed in 1,1 Dichloroethylene ...................... 42.4 5.9
s p r a y fi n i s h i n g , s e e T a b l e G –11. Co l u m n 1 1,2 Dichloroethylene ...................... 42.4 9.7
g i v e s t h e n u m b e r o f c u b i c fe e t o f v a p o r p e r Ethyl Acetate ................................. 32.8 2.5
ga llon of solven t a n d colu m n 2 gives t h e Ethyl Alcohol .................................. 55.2 4.3
l o w e r e x p l o s i v e l i m i t (L E L ) i n p e r c e n t a g e b y Ethyl Lactate .................................. 28.0 1 1.5

volu m e of a ir . Not e t h a t t h e qu a n t it y of sol- Methyl Acetate ............................... 40.0 3.1

ven t will be dim in ish ed by t h e qu a n t it y of Methyl Alcohol ............................... 80.8 7.3
s o l i d s a n d n o n fl a m m a b l e s c o n t a i n e d i n t h e Methyl Cellosolve .......................... 40.8 2.5
fi n i s h . Methyl Ethyl Ketone ...................... 36.0 1.8
T o det er m in e t h e volu m e of a ir in cu bic Methyl n-Propyl Ketone ................. 30.4 1.5
Naphtha (VM&P) (76° Naphtha) ... 22.4 0.9
fe e t n e c e s s a r y t o d i l u t e t h e v a p o r fr o m 1 g a l -
Naphtha (100 °Flash) Safety Sol-
l o n o f s o l v e n t t o 25 p e r c e n t o f t h e l o w e r e x - vent—Stoddard Solvent ............. 23.2 1.0
p l o s i v e l i m i t , a p p l y t h e fo l l o w i n g fo r m u l a : Propyl Acetate (n) ......................... 27.2 2.8
Dilu t ion volu m e r equ ir ed per ga llon of sol- Propyl Acetate (iso) ....................... 28.0 1.1
v e n t = 4 (100¥L E L ) (c u b i c fe e t o f v a p o r p e r Propyl Alcohol (n) .......................... 44.8 2.1
Propyl Alcohol (iso) ....................... 44.0 2.0
g a l l o n )÷ L E L
Toluene .......................................... 30.4 1.4
Usin g t olu en e a s t h e solven t . Turpentine ..................................... 20.8 0.8
Xylene (o) ...................................... 26.4 1.0
(1) L E L o f t o l u e n e fr o m T a b l e G –11, c o l u m n
2, i s 1.4 p e r c e n t . 1 At 212 °F.
(2) Cu b i c fe e t o f v a p o r p e r g a l l o n fr o m
T a b l e G –11, c o l u m n 1, i s 30.4 c u b i c fe e t p e r (i i i )(a ) Wh e n a n o p e r a t o r i s i n a b o o t h
ga llon . d o w n s t r e a m fr o m t h e o b j e c t b e i n g
(3) D i l u t i o n v o l u m e r e q u i r e d = s p r a y e d , a n a i r -s u p p l i e d r e s p i r a t o r o r
4 (100¥1.4) 30.4÷ 1.4 = 8,564 c u b i c fe e t .
ot h er t y pe of r espir a t or m u st be u sed
by em ploy ees t h a t h a s been a ppr oved
(4) T o c o n v e r t t o c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f b y N I OS H u n d e r 42 CF R p a r t 84 fo r t h e
r equ ir ed ven t ila t ion , m u lt iply t h e dilu t ion m a t er ia l bein g spr a y ed.
volu m e r equ ir ed per ga llon of solven t by t h e
n u m ber of ga llon s of solven t eva por a t ed per (b) Wh e r e d o w n d r a ft b o o t h s a r e p r o -
m in u t e. vided wit h door s, su ch door s sh a ll be
closed wh en spr a y pa in t in g.
TABLE G–11—LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT OF (7) M a k e-u p a ir. (i ) Cl e a n fr e s h a i r ,
SOME COMMONLY USED SOLVENTS fr e e o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n fr o m a d j a c e n t
in du st r ia l exh a u st sy st em s, ch im n ey s,
Lower ex-
Cubic feet plosive st a ck s, or ven t s, sh a ll be su pplied t o a
per gallon
Solvent of vapor of limit in per- spr a y boot h or r oom in qu a n t it ies
cent by
liquid at 70 volume of equ a l t o t h e volu m e of a ir exh a u st ed
°F. air at 70 °F t h r ou gh t h e spr a y boot h .
Column 1 Column 2 (i i ) Wh e r e a s p r a y b o o t h o r r o o m r e -
Acetone ......................................... 44.0 2.6 c e i v e s m a k e -u p a i r t h r o u g h s e l f-c l o s i n g
Amyl Acetate (iso) ......................... 21.6 1 1.0 door s, da m per s, or lou ver s, t h ey sh a ll
Amyl Alcohol (n) ............................ 29.6 1.2 b e fu l l y o p e n a t a l l t i m e s w h e n t h e
Amyl Alcohol (iso) ......................... 29.6 1.2
Benzene ........................................ 36.8 1 1.4
b o o t h o r r o o m i s i n u s e fo r s p r a y i n g .
T h e velocit y of a ir t h r ou gh su ch door s,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

Butyl Acetate (n) ............................ 24.8 1.7

Butyl Alcohol (n) ............................ 35.2 1.4 da m per s, or lou ver s sh a ll n ot exceed

209

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00219 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.94
200 fe e t p e r m i n u t e . I f t h e fa n c h a r a c -
t er ist ics a r e su ch t h a t t h e r equ ir ed a ir
fl o w t h r o u g h t h e b o o t h w i l l b e p r o -
vided, h igh er velocit ies t h r ou gh t h e
door s, da m per s, or lou ver s m a y be
u sed.
(i i i )(a ) Wh e r e t h e a i r s u p p l y t o a
s p r a y b o o t h o r r o o m i s fi l t e r e d , t h e fa n
st a t ic pr essu r e sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed on
t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e fi l t e r s a r e
dir t y t o t h e ext en t t h a t t h ey r equ ir e
clea n in g or r epla cem en t .
(b) T h e r a t i n g o f fi l t e r s s h a l l b e g o v -
er n ed by t est da t a su pplied by t h e m a n -
u fa c t u r e r o f t h e fi l t e r . A p r e s s u r e g a g e
sh a ll be in st a lled t o sh ow t h e pr essu r e
d r o p a c r o s s t h e fi l t e r s . T h i s g a g e s h a l l
be m a r k ed t o sh ow t h e pr essu r e dr op a t
w h i c h t h e fi l t e r s r e q u i r e c l e a n i n g o r r e -
pla cem en t . F ilt er s sh a ll be r epla ced or
clea n ed wh en ever t h e pr essu r e dr op
a cr oss t h em becom es excessive or
w h e n e v e r t h e a i r fl o w t h r o u g h t h e fa c e
o f t h e b o o t h fa l l s b e l o w t h a t s p e c i fi e d
i n T a b l e G –10.
(i v )(a ) M e a n s fo r h e a t i n g m a k e -u p a i r
t o a n y s p r a y b o o t h o r r o o m , b e fo r e o r
a t t h e t im e spr a y in g is n or m a lly per -
fo r m e d , s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n a l l p l a c e s
wh er e t h e ou t door t em per a t u r e m a y be
e x p e c t e d t o r e m a i n b e l o w 55 °F . fo r a p -
pr ecia ble per iods of t im e du r in g t h e op-
er a t ion of t h e boot h except wh er e a de-
q u a t e a n d s a fe m e a n s o f r a d i a n t h e a t -
i n g fo r a l l o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l a ffe c t e d
is pr ovided. T h e r epla cem en t a ir du r in g
t h e h ea t in g sea son s sh a ll be m a in -
t a i n e d a t n o t l e s s t h a n 65 °F . a t t h e
poin t of en t r y in t o t h e spr a y boot h or
s p r a y r o o m . Wh e n o t h e r w i s e u n h e a t e d
m a k e -u p a i r w o u l d b e a t a t e m p e r a t u r e
o f m o r e t h a n 10 °F . b e l o w r o o m t e m -
per a t u r e, it s t em per a t u r e sh a ll be r egu -
l a t e d a s p r o v i d e d i n s e c t i o n 3.6.3 o f
A N S I Z 9.2–1960.
(b) A s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t o a n a i r r e -
pla cem en t sy st em com ply in g wit h t h e
pr ecedin g sect ion , gen er a l h ea t in g of
t h e bu ildin g in wh ich t h e spr a y r oom
or boot h is loca t ed m a y be em ploy ed
pr ovided t h a t a ll occu pied pa r t s of t h e
bu ildin g a r e m a in t a in ed a t n ot less
t h a n 65 °F . w h e n t h e e x h a u s t s y s t e m i s
in oper a t ion or t h e gen er a l h ea t in g sy s-
t em su pplem en t ed by ot h er sou r ces of
h ea t m a y be em ploy ed t o m eet t h is r e-
qu ir em en t .
(c) N o m e a n s o f h e a t i n g m a k e -u p a i r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll be loca t ed in a spr a y boot h .
210
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00220 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(d ) Wh e r e m a k e -u p a i r i s h e a t e d b y
coa l or oil, t h e pr odu ct s of com bu st ion
sh a ll n ot be a llowed t o m ix wit h t h e
m a k e -u p a i r , a n d t h e p r o d u c t s o f c o m -
bu st ion sh a ll be con du ct ed ou t side t h e
b u i l d i n g t h r o u g h a fl u e t e r m i n a t i n g a t
a p o i n t r e m o t e fr o m a l l p o i n t s w h e r e
m a k e -u p a i r e n t e r s t h e b u i l d i n g .
(e) Wh e r e m a k e -u p a i r i s h e a t e d b y
ga s, a n d t h e pr odu ct s of com bu st ion
a r e n o t m i x e d w i t h t h e m a k e -u p a i r b u t
a r e con du ct ed t h r ou gh a n in depen den t
fl u e t o a p o i n t o u t s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g r e -
m o t e fr o m a l l p o i n t s w h e r e m a k e -u p
a ir en t er s t h e bu ildin g, it is n ot n ec-
essa r y t o com ply wit h pa r a gr a ph
(c )(7)(i v )(f ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(f ) Wh e r e m a k e -u p a i r t o a n y m a n u -
a lly oper a t ed spr a y boot h or r oom is
h ea t ed by ga s a n d t h e pr odu ct s of com -
bu st ion a r e a llowed t o m ix wit h t h e
s u p p l y a i r , t h e fo l l o w i n g p r e c a u t i o n s
m u st be t a k en :
(1) T h e g a s m u s t h a v e a d i s t i n c t i v e
a n d st r on g en ou gh odor t o wa r n wor k -
m en in a spr a y boot h or r oom of it s
pr esen ce if in a n u n bu r n ed st a t e in t h e
m a k e -u p a i r .
(2) T h e m a x i m u m r a t e o f g a s s u p p l y
t o t h e m a k e -u p a i r h e a t e r b u r n e r s
m u st n ot exceed t h a t wh ich wou ld
y i e l d i n e x c e s s o f 200 p .p .m . (p a r t s p e r
m i l l i o n ) o f c a r b o n m o n o x i d e o r 2,000
p .p .m . o f t o t a l c o m b u s t i b l e g a s e s i n t h e
m ixt u r e if t h e u n bu r n ed ga s u pon t h e
o c c u r r e n c e o f fl a m e fa i l u r e w e r e m i x e d
w i t h a l l o f t h e m a k e -u p a i r s u p p l i e d .
(3) A fa n m u s t b e p r o v i d e d t o d e l i v e r
t h e m ixt u r e of h ea t ed a ir a n d pr odu ct s
o f c o m b u s t i o n fr o m t h e p l e n u m c h a m -
ber h ou sin g t h e ga s bu r n er s t o t h e
spr a y boot h or r oom .
(8) S cop e. S p r a y b o o t h s o r s p r a y
r oom s a r e t o be u sed t o en close or con -
fi n e a l l s p r a y fi n i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n s c o v -
e r e d b y t h i s p a r a g r a p h (c ). T h i s p a r a -
gr a ph does n ot a pply t o t h e spr a y in g of
t h e e x t e r i o r s o f b u i l d i n g s , fi x e d t a n k s ,
or sim ila r st r u ct u r es, n or t o sm a ll
por t a ble spr a y in g a ppa r a t u s n ot u sed
r epea t edly in t h e sa m e loca t ion .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 40
F R 23073, M a y 28, 1975; 40 F R 24522, J u n e 9,
1975; 43 F R 49746, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5322,
F e b . 10, 1984; 55 F R 32015, A u g . 6, 1990; 58 F R
35308, J u n e 30, 1993; 61 F R 9236, M a r . 7, 1996;
63 F R 1269, J a n . 8, 1998; 64 F R 13909, M a r . 23,
1999]
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
§ 1910.95 Occupational noise exposure.
(a ) P r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e e ffe c t s o f
n oise exposu r e sh a ll be pr ovided wh en
t h e sou n d levels exceed t h ose sh own in
T a b l e G –16 w h e n m e a s u r e d o n t h e A
sca le of a st a n da r d sou n d level m et er
a t s l o w r e s p o n s e . Wh e n n o i s e l e v e l s a r e
det er m in ed by oct a ve ba n d a n a ly sis,
t h e e q u i v a l e n t A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d l e v e l
m a y b e d e t e r m i n e d a s fo l l o w s :
F I G U R E G –9
E q u i v a l e n t s o u n d l e v e l c o n t o u r s . Oc t a v e
ba n d sou n d pr essu r e levels m a y be con ver t ed
t o t h e e q u i v a l e n t A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d l e v e l b y
plot t in g t h em on t h is gr a ph a n d n ot in g t h e
A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d l e v e l c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e
poin t of h igh est pen et r a t ion in t o t h e sou n d
l e v e l c o n t o u r s . T h i s e q u i v a l e n t A -w e i g h t e d
s o u n d l e v e l , w h i c h m a y d i ffe r fr o m t h e a c -
t u a l A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d l e v e l o f t h e n o i s e , i s
u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e e x p o s u r e l i m i t s fr o m
T a b l e 1.G –16.
(b )(1) Wh e n e m p l o y e e s a r e s u b j e c t e d
t o sou n d exceedin g t h ose list ed in
T a b l e G –16, fe a s i b l e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o r
e n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s s h a l l b e u t i l i ze d .
I f s u c h c o n t r o l s fa i l t o r e d u c e s o u n d
l e v e l s w i t h i n t h e l e v e l s o f T a b l e G –16,
per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t sh a ll be
pr ovided a n d u sed t o r edu ce sou n d lev-
els wit h in t h e levels of t h e t a ble.
(2) I f t h e v a r i a t i o n s i n n o i s e l e v e l i n -
volve m a xim a a t in t er va ls of 1 secon d
or less, it is t o be con sider ed con t in -
u ou s.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
211
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00221 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.95
TABLE G–16—PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES 1
Sound
level dBA
Duration per day, hours slow re-
sponse
8 ........................................................................... 90
6 ........................................................................... 92
4 ........................................................................... 95
3 ........................................................................... 97
2 ........................................................................... 100
11⁄2 ....................................................................... 102
1 ........................................................................... 105
1⁄2 ......................................................................... 110
1⁄4 or less ............................................................. 115
1 When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or
more periods of noise exposure of different levels, their com-
bined effect should be considered, rather than the individual
effect of each. If the sum of the following fractions: C1/T1+C2/
T2Cn/Tn exceeds unity, then, the mixed exposure should be
considered to exceed the limit value. Cn indicates the total
time of exposure at a specified noise level, and Tn indicates
the total time of exposure permitted at that level.
Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed
140 dB peak sound pressure level.
(c ) H ea rin g con serv a t ion p rogra m . (1)
T h e em ploy er sh a ll a dm in ist er a con -
t i n u i n g , e ffe c t i v e h e a r i n g c o n s e r v a t i o n
p r o g r a m , a s d e s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (c )
t h r o u g h (o ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , w h e n e v e r
em ploy ee n oise exposu r es equ a l or ex-
c e e d a n 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e
s o u n d l e v e l (T WA ) o f 85 d e c i b e l s m e a s -
u r e d o n t h e A s c a l e (s l o w r e s p o n s e ) o r ,
e q u i v a l e n t l y , a d o s e o f fi ft y p e r c e n t .
F or pu r poses of t h e h ea r in g con ser va -
t ion pr ogr a m , em ploy ee n oise expo-
su r es sh a ll be com pu t ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h a p p e n d i x A a n d T a b l e G –16a , a n d
wit h ou t r ega r d t o a n y a t t en u a t ion pr o-
vided by t h e u se of per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t .
(2) F o r p u r p o s e s o f p a r a g r a p h s (c )
t h r o u g h (n ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n 8-h o u r
t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s o r
a d o s e o f fi ft y p e r c e n t s h a l l a l s o b e r e -
fe r r e d t o a s t h e a c t i o n l e v e l .
(d ) M on it orin g. (1) Wh e n i n fo r m a t i o n
i n d i c a t e s t h a t a n y e m p l o y e e ’s e x p o s u r e
m a y e q u a l o r e x c e e d a n 8-h o u r t i m e -
w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s , t h e
em ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t
a m on it or in g pr ogr a m .
(i ) T h e s a m p l i n g s t r a t e g y s h a l l b e d e -
s i g n e d t o i d e n t i fy e m p l o y e e s fo r i n c l u -
sion in t h e h ea r in g con ser va t ion pr o-
gr a m a n d t o en a ble t h e pr oper selec-
t ion of h ea r in g pr ot ect or s.
(i i ) Wh e r e c i r c u m s t a n c e s s u c h a s h i g h
w o r k e r m o b i l i t y , s i g n i fi c a n t v a r i a t i o n s
EC27OC91.023
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.95
i n s o u n d l e v e l , o r a s i g n i fi c a n t c o m p o -
n en t of im pu lse n oise m a k e a r ea m on i-
t or in g gen er a lly in a ppr opr ia t e, t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll u se r epr esen t a t ive per -
son a l sa m plin g t o com ply wit h t h e
m on it or in g r equ ir em en t s of t h is pa r a -
gr a ph u n less t h e em ploy er ca n sh ow
t h a t a r ea sa m plin g pr odu ces equ iva len t
r esu lt s.
(2)(i ) A l l c o n t i n u o u s , i n t e r m i t t e n t
a n d i m p u l s i v e s o u n d l e v e l s fr o m 80
d e c i b e l s t o 130 d e c i b e l s s h a l l b e i n t e -
gr a t ed in t o t h e n oise m ea su r em en t s.
(i i ) I n s t r u m e n t s u s e d t o m e a s u r e e m -
ploy ee n oise exposu r e sh a ll be ca li-
br a t ed t o en su r e m ea su r em en t a ccu -
r a cy .
(3) M o n i t o r i n g s h a l l b e r e p e a t e d
wh en ever a ch a n ge in pr odu ct ion , pr oc-
ess, equ ipm en t or con t r ols in cr ea ses
n oise exposu r es t o t h e ext en t t h a t :
(i ) A d d i t i o n a l e m p l o y e e s m a y b e e x -
posed a t or a bove t h e a ct ion level; or
(i i ) T h e a t t e n u a t i o n p r o v i d e d b y
h ea r in g pr ot ect or s bein g u sed by em -
ploy ees m a y be r en der ed in a dequ a t e t o
m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (j )
of t h is sect ion .
(e ) E m p loy ee n ot if ica t ion . T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l n o t i fy e a c h e m p l o y e e e x -
p o s e d a t o r a b o v e a n 8-h o u r t i m e -
w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s o f t h e
r esu lt s of t h e m on it or in g.
(f) O bserv a t ion of m on it orin g. T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s
or t h eir r epr esen t a t ives wit h a n oppor -
t u n it y t o obser ve a n y n oise m ea su r e-
m en t s con du ct ed pu r su a n t t o t h is sec-
t ion .
(g ) A u d iom et ric t est in g p rogra m . (1)
T h e em ploy er sh a ll est a blish a n d m a in -
t a in a n a u diom et r ic t est in g pr ogr a m a s
pr ovided in t h is pa r a gr a ph by m a k in g
a u diom et r ic t est in g a va ila ble t o a ll
em ploy ees wh ose exposu r es equ a l or ex-
c e e d a n 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e
o f 85 d e c i b e l s .
(2) T h e p r o g r a m s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a t
n o cost t o em ploy ees.
(3) A u d i o m e t r i c t e s t s s h a l l b e p e r -
fo r m e d b y a l i c e n s e d o r c e r t i fi e d a u d i -
ologist , ot ola r y n gologist , or ot h er ph y -
sicia n , or by a t ech n icia n wh o is cer -
t i fi e d b y t h e Co u n c i l o f A c c r e d i t a t i o n
i n Oc c u p a t i o n a l H e a r i n g Co n s e r v a t i o n ,
o r w h o h a s s a t i s fa c t o r i l y d e m o n s t r a t e d
com pet en ce in a dm in ist er in g
a u diom et r ic exa m in a t ion s, obt a in in g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
va lid a u diogr a m s, a n d pr oper ly u sin g,
212
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00222 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
m a in t a in in g a n d ch eck in g ca libr a t ion
a n d p r o p e r fu n c t i o n i n g o f t h e a u d i o m -
et er s bein g u sed. A t ech n icia n wh o op-
er a t es m icr opr ocessor a u diom et er s
d o e s n o t n e e d t o b e c e r t i fi e d . A t e c h n i -
c i a n w h o p e r fo r m s a u d i o m e t r i c t e s t s
m u st be r espon sible t o a n a u diologist ,
ot ola r y n gologist or ph y sicia n .
(4) A l l a u d i o g r a m s o b t a i n e d p u r s u a n t
t o t h is sect ion sh a ll m eet t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f a p p e n d i x C: A u d iom et ric M ea s-
u rin g I n st ru m en t s.
(5) B a selin e a u d iogra m . (i ) Wi t h i n 6
m o n t h s o f a n e m p l o y e e ’s fi r s t e x p o s u r e
a t or a bove t h e a ct ion level, t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll est a blish a va lid ba selin e
a u diogr a m a ga in st wh ich su bsequ en t
a u diogr a m s ca n be com pa r ed.
(i i ) M obile t est v a n ex cep t ion . Wh e r e
m obile t est va n s a r e u sed t o m eet t h e
a u diom et r ic t est in g obliga t ion , t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll obt a in a va lid ba selin e
a u diogr a m wit h in 1 y ea r of a n em ploy -
e e ’s fi r s t e x p o s u r e a t o r a b o v e t h e a c -
t i o n l e v e l . Wh e r e b a s e l i n e a u d i o g r a m s
a r e o b t a i n e d m o r e t h a n 6 m o n t h s a ft e r
t h e e m p l o y e e ’s fi r s t e x p o s u r e a t o r
a bove t h e a ct ion level, em ploy ees sh a ll
w e a r i n g h e a r i n g p r o t e c t o r s fo r a n y p e -
r i o d e x c e e d i n g s i x m o n t h s a ft e r fi r s t
exposu r e u n t il t h e ba selin e a u diogr a m
is obt a in ed.
(i i i ) T e s t i n g t o e s t a b l i s h a b a s e l i n e
a u diogr a m sh a ll be pr eceded by a t lea st
14 h o u r s w i t h o u t e x p o s u r e t o w o r k p l a c e
n oise. Hea r in g pr ot ect or s m a y be u sed
a s a s u b s t i t u t e fo r t h e r e q u i r e m e n t
t h a t ba selin e a u diogr a m s be pr eceded
b y 14 h o u r s w i t h o u t e x p o s u r e t o w o r k -
pla ce n oise.
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l n o t i fy e m -
ploy ees of t h e n eed t o a void h igh levels
o f n o n -o c c u p a t i o n a l n o i s e e x p o s u r e
d u r i n g t h e 14-h o u r p e r i o d i m m e d i a t e l y
pr ecedin g t h e a u diom et r ic exa m in a -
t ion .
(6) A n n u a l a u d iogra m . A t l e a s t a n n u -
a l l y a ft e r o b t a i n i n g t h e b a s e l i n e a u d i o -
gr a m , t h e em ploy er sh a ll obt a in a n ew
a u d i o g r a m fo r e a c h e m p l o y e e e x p o s e d
a t o r a b o v e a n 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d
a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s .
(7) E v a lu a t ion of a u d iogra m . (i ) E a c h
e m p l o y e e ’s a n n u a l a u d i o g r a m s h a l l b e
c o m p a r e d t o t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s b a s e l i n e
a u diogr a m t o det er m in e if t h e a u dio-
gr a m is va lid a n d if a st a n da r d t h r esh -
o l d s h i ft a s d e fi n e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(10)
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
of t h is sect ion h a s occu r r ed. T h is com -
pa r ison m a y be don e by a t ech n icia n .
(i i ) I f t h e a n n u a l a u d i o g r a m s h o w s
t h a t a n e m p l o y e e h a s s u ffe r e d a s t a n d -
a r d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft , t h e e m p l o y e r m a y
o b t a i n a r e t e s t w i t h i n 30 d a y s a n d c o n -
sider t h e r esu lt s of t h e r et est a s t h e a n -
n u a l a u diogr a m .
(i i i ) The a u diologist ,
ot ola r y n gologist , or ph y sicia n sh a ll r e-
view pr oblem a u diogr a m s a n d sh a ll de-
t e r m i n e w h e t h e r t h e r e i s a n e e d fo r fu r -
t h er eva lu a t ion . T h e em ploy er sh a ll
p r o v i d e t o t h e p e r s o n p e r fo r m i n g t h i s
e v a l u a t i o n t h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n :
(A ) A c o p y o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
h e a r i n g c o n s e r v a t i o n a s s e t fo r t h i n
p a r a g r a p h s (c ) t h r o u g h (n ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion ;
(B ) T h e b a s e l i n e a u d i o g r a m a n d m o s t
r ecen t a u diogr a m of t h e em ploy ee t o
be eva lu a t ed;
(C) M e a s u r e m e n t s o f b a c k g r o u n d
sou n d pr essu r e levels in t he
a u diom et r ic t est r oom a s r equ ir ed in
a ppen dix D: Au diom et r ic T est R oom s.
(D ) R e c o r d s o f a u d i o m e t e r c a l i b r a -
t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (h )(5) o f
t h is sect ion .
(8) F ollow -u p p roced u res. (i ) I f a c o m -
pa r ison of t h e a n n u a l a u diogr a m t o t h e
ba selin e a u diogr a m in dica t es a st a n d-
a r d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft a s d e fi n e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h (g )(10) o f t h i s s e c t i o n h a s o c -
c u r r e d , t h e e m p l o y e e s h a l l b e i n fo r m e d
o f t h i s fa c t i n w r i t i n g , w i t h i n 21 d a y s o f
t h e det er m in a t ion .
(i i ) U n l e s s a p h y s i c i a n d e t e r m i n e s
t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft i s n o t
wor k r ela t ed or a ggr a va t ed by occu pa -
t ion a l n oise exposu r e, t h e em ploy er
s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t t h e fo l l o w i n g s t e p s
a r e t a k en wh en a st a n da r d t h r esh old
s h i ft o c c u r s :
(A ) E m p l o y e e s n o t u s i n g h e a r i n g p r o -
t e c t o r s s h a l l b e fi t t e d w i t h h e a r i n g p r o -
t ect or s, t r a in ed in t h eir u se a n d ca r e,
a n d r equ ir ed t o u se t h em .
(B ) E m p l o y e e s a l r e a d y u s i n g h e a r i n g
p r o t e c t o r s s h a l l b e r e fi t t e d a n d r e -
t r a in ed in t h e u se of h ea r in g pr ot ect or s
a n d pr ovided wit h h ea r in g pr ot ect or s
o ffe r i n g g r e a t e r a t t e n u a t i o n i f n e c -
essa r y .
(C) T h e e m p l o y e e s h a l l b e r e fe r r e d fo r
a clin ica l a u diologica l eva lu a t ion or a n
ot ologica l exa m in a t ion , a s a ppr opr ia t e,
if a ddit ion a l t est in g is n ecessa r y or if
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e em ploy er su spect s t h a t a m edica l
213
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§ 1910.95
pa t h ology of t h e ea r is ca u sed or a ggr a -
va t ed by t h e wea r in g of h ea r in g pr ot ec-
t or s.
(D ) T h e e m p l o y e e i s i n fo r m e d o f t h e
n e e d fo r a n o t o l o g i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n i f a
m edica l pa t h ology of t h e ea r t h a t is
u n r ela t ed t o t h e u se of h ea r in g pr ot ec-
t or s is su spect ed.
(i i i ) I f s u b s e q u e n t a u d i o m e t r i c t e s t -
in g of a n em ploy ee wh ose exposu r e t o
n o i s e i s l e s s t h a n a n 8-h o u r T WA o f 90
decibels in dica t es t h a t a st a n da r d
t h r e s h o l d s h i ft i s n o t p e r s i s t e n t , t h e
em ploy er :
(A ) S h a l l i n fo r m t h e e m p l o y e e o f t h e
n ew a u diom et r ic in t er pr et a t ion ; a n d
(B ) M a y d i s c o n t i n u e t h e r e q u i r e d u s e
o f h e a r i n g p r o t e c t o r s fo r t h a t e m -
ploy ee.
(9) R ev ised ba selin e. A n a n n u a l a u d i o -
g r a m m a y b e s u b s t i t u t e d fo r t h e b a s e -
lin e a u diogr a m wh en , in t h e ju dgm en t
of t h e a u diologist , ot ola r y n gologist or
ph y sicia n wh o is eva lu a t in g t h e a u dio-
gr a m :
(i ) T h e s t a n d a r d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft r e -
vea led by t h e a u diogr a m is per sist en t ;
or
(i i ) T h e h e a r i n g t h r e s h o l d s h o w n i n
t h e a n n u a l a u d i o g r a m i n d i c a t e s s i g n i fi -
ca n t im pr ovem en t over t h e ba selin e
a u diogr a m .
(10) S t a n d a rd t h resh old sh if t . (i ) A s
u sed in t h is sect ion , a st a n da r d t h r esh -
o l d s h i ft i s a c h a n g e i n h e a r i n g t h r e s h -
old r ela t ive t o t h e ba selin e a u diogr a m
o f a n a v e r a g e o f 10 d B o r m o r e a t 2000,
3000, a n d 4000 H z i n e i t h e r e a r .
(i i ) I n d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r a s t a n d -
a r d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft h a s o c c u r r e d , a l l o w -
a n c e m a y b e m a d e fo r t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n
o f a g i n g (p r e s b y c u s i s ) t o t h e c h a n g e i n
h ea r in g level by cor r ect in g t h e a n n u a l
a u diogr a m a ccor din g t o t h e pr ocedu r e
d e s c r i b e d i n a p p e n d i x F : Ca lcu la t ion
a n d A p p lica t ion of A ge Correct ion t o
A u d iogra m s.
(h ) A u d iom et ric t est requ irem en t s. (1)
Au diom et r ic t est s sh a ll be pu r e t on e,
a ir con du ct ion , h ea r in g t h r esh old ex-
a m i n a t i o n s , w i t h t e s t fr e q u e n c i e s i n -
c l u d i n g a s a m i n i m u m 500, 1000, 2000,
3000, 4000, a n d 6000 H z. T e s t s a t e a c h
fr e q u e n c y s h a l l b e t a k e n s e p a r a t e l y fo r
ea ch ea r .
(2) A u d i o m e t r i c t e s t s s h a l l b e c o n -
d u c t e d w i t h a u d i o m e t e r s (i n c l u d i n g
m icr opr ocessor a u diom et er s) t h a t m eet
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.95
t h e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s o f, a n d a r e m a i n -
t a in ed a n d u sed in a ccor da n ce wit h ,
A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d S p e c i fi c a -
t i o n fo r A u d i o m e t e r s , S 3.6–1969, w h i c h
i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i -
fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(3) P u l s e d -t o n e a n d s e l f-r e c o r d i n g
a u diom et er s, if u sed, sh a ll m eet t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s s p e c i fi e d i n a p p e n d i x C:
A u d iom et ric M ea su rin g I n st ru m en t s.
(4) A u d i o m e t r i c e x a m i n a t i o n s s h a l l
be a dm in ist er ed in a r oom m eet in g t h e
r equ ir em en t s list ed in a ppen dix D:
A u d iom et ric T est R oom s.
(5) A u d iom et er ca libra t ion . (i ) T h e
fu n c t i o n a l o p e r a t i o n o f t h e a u d i o m e t e r
s h a l l b e c h e c k e d b e fo r e e a c h d a y ’s u s e
by t est in g a per son wit h k n own , st a ble
h ea r in g t h r esh olds, a n d by list en in g t o
t h e a u d i o m e t e r ’s o u t p u t t o m a k e s u r e
t h a t t h e o u t p u t i s fr e e fr o m d i s t o r t e d
o r u n w a n t e d s o u n d s . D e v i a t i o n s o f 10
decibels or gr ea t er r equ ir e a n a cou st ic
ca libr a t ion .
(i i ) A u d i o m e t e r c a l i b r a t i o n s h a l l b e
ch eck ed a cou st ica lly a t lea st a n n u a lly
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h a p p e n d i x E : A cou st ic
Ca libra t ion of A u d iom et ers. T e s t fr e -
q u e n c i e s b e l o w 500 H z a n d a b o v e 6000 H z
m a y b e o m i t t e d fr o m t h i s c h e c k . D e v i -
a t i o n s o f 15 d e c i b e l s o r g r e a t e r r e q u i r e
a n exh a u st ive ca libr a t ion .
(i i i ) A n e x h a u s t i v e c a l i b r a t i o n s h a l l
b e p e r fo r m e d a t l e a s t e v e r y t w o y e a r s
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s e c t i o n s 4.1.2; 4.1.3.;
4.1.4.3; 4.2; 4.4.1; 4.4.2; 4.4.3; a n d 4.5 o f
t h e Am er ica n Na t ion a l S t a n da r d S peci-
fi c a t i o n fo r A u d i o m e t e r s , S 3.6–1969.
T e s t fr e q u e n c i e s b e l o w 500 H z a n d
a b o v e 6000 H z m a y b e o m i t t e d fr o m t h i s
ca libr a t ion .
(i ) H ea rin g p rot ect ors. (1) E m p l o y e r s
sh a ll m a k e h ea r in g pr ot ect or s a va il-
a b l e t o a l l e m p l o y e e s e x p o s e d t o a n 8-
h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i -
bels or gr ea t er a t n o cost t o t h e em -
ploy ees. Hea r in g pr ot ect or s sh a ll be r e-
pla ced a s n ecessa r y .
(2) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t h e a r -
in g pr ot ect or s a r e wor n :
(i ) B y a n e m p l o y e e w h o i s r e q u i r e d b y
p a r a g r a p h (b )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n t o w e a r
per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t ; a n d
(i i ) B y a n y e m p l o y e e w h o i s e x p o s e d
t o a n 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f
85 d e c i b e l s o r g r e a t e r , a n d w h o :
(A ) H a s n o t y e t h a d a b a s e l i n e a u d i o -
gr a m est a blish ed pu r su a n t t o pa r a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
g r a p h (g )(5)(i i ); o r
214
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(B ) H a s e x p e r i e n c e d a s t a n d a r d
t h r e s h o l d s h i ft .
(3) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e g i v e n t h e o p -
por t u n it y t o select t h eir h ea r in g pr o-
t e c t o r s fr o m a v a r i e t y o f s u i t a b l e h e a r -
in g pr ot ect or s pr ovided by t h e em -
ploy er .
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t r a i n -
in g in t h e u se a n d ca r e of a ll h ea r in g
pr ot ect or s pr ovided t o em ploy ees.
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e p r o p e r
i n i t i a l fi t t i n g a n d s u p e r v i s e t h e c o r r e c t
u se of a ll h ea r in g pr ot ect or s.
(j ) H ea rin g p rot ect or a t t en u a t ion . (1)
T h e em ploy er sh a ll eva lu a t e h ea r in g
p r o t e c t o r a t t e n u a t i o n fo r t h e s p e c i fi c
n oise en vir on m en t s in wh ich t h e pr o-
t ect or will be u sed. T h e em ploy er sh a ll
u se on e of t h e eva lu a t ion m et h ods de-
s c r i b e d i n a p p e n d i x B : M et h od s f or E st i-
m a t in g t h e A d equ a cy of H ea rin g P rot ec-
t ion A t t en u a t ion .
(2) H e a r i n g p r o t e c t o r s m u s t a t t e n u -
a t e e m p l o y e e e x p o s u r e a t l e a s t t o a n 8-
h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 90 d e c i -
b e l s a s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f
t h is sect ion .
(3) F o r e m p l o y e e s w h o h a v e e x p e r i -
e n c e d a s t a n d a r d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft , h e a r -
in g pr ot ect or s m u st a t t en u a t e em -
p l o y e e e x p o s u r e t o a n 8-h o u r t i m e -
w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s o r
below.
(4) T h e a d e q u a c y o f h e a r i n g p r o t e c t o r
a t t en u a t ion sh a ll be r e -e v a l u a t e d
wh en ever em ploy ee n oise exposu r es in -
cr ea se t o t h e ext en t t h a t t h e h ea r in g
pr ot ect or s pr ovided m a y n o lon ger pr o-
vide a dequ a t e a t t en u a t ion . T h e em -
p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e m o r e e ffe c t i v e
h ea r in g pr ot ect or s wh er e n ecessa r y .
(k ) T ra in in g p rogra m . (1) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll in st it u t e a t r a in in g pr o-
g r a m fo r a l l e m p l o y e e s w h o a r e e x -
p o s e d t o n o i s e a t o r a b o v e a n 8-h o u r
t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s ,
a n d sh a ll en su r e em ploy ee pa r t icipa -
t ion in su ch pr ogr a m .
(2) T h e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s h a l l b e r e -
p e a t e d a n n u a l l y fo r e a c h e m p l o y e e i n -
clu ded in t h e h ea r in g con ser va t ion pr o-
g r a m . I n fo r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d i n t h e
t r a in in g pr ogr a m sh a ll be u pda t ed t o
be con sist en t wit h ch a n ges in pr ot ec-
t ive equ ipm en t a n d wor k pr ocesses.
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
e a c h e m p l o y e e i s i n fo r m e d o f t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(i ) T h e e ffe c t s o f n o i s e o n h e a r i n g ;
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i ) T h e p u r p o s e o f h e a r i n g p r o t e c -
t or s, t h e a dva n t a ges, disa dva n t a ges,
a n d a t t en u a t ion of va r iou s t y pes, a n d
i n s t r u c t i o n s o n s e l e c t i o n , fi t t i n g , u s e ,
a n d ca r e; a n d
(i i i ) T h e p u r p o s e o f a u d i o m e t r i c t e s t -
in g, a n d a n expla n a t ion of t h e t est pr o-
cedu r es.
(l ) A ccess t o in f orm a t ion a n d t ra in in g
m a t eria ls. (1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l m a k e
a v a i l a b l e t o a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s o r
t h eir r epr esen t a t ives copies of t h is
st a n da r d a n d sh a ll a lso post a copy in
t h e wor k pla ce.
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t o a f-
fe c t e d e m p l o y e e s a n y i n fo r m a t i o n a l
m a t er ia ls per t a in in g t o t h e st a n da r d
t h a t a r e su pplied t o t h e em ploy er by
t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e , u p o n
r equ est , a ll m a t er ia ls r ela t ed t o t h e
e m p l o y e r ’s t r a i n i n g a n d e d u c a t i o n p r o -
gr a m per t a in in g t o t h is st a n da r d t o t h e
Assist a n t S ecr et a r y a n d t h e Dir ect or .
(m ) R ecord k eep in g—(1) E x p osu re m ea s-
u rem en t s. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l m a i n t a i n
a n a ccu r a t e r ecor d of a ll em ploy ee ex-
posu r e m ea su r em en t s r equ ir ed by pa r a -
g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) A u d iom et ric t est s. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll r et a in a ll em ploy ee a u diom et r ic
t est r ecor ds obt a in ed pu r su a n t t o pa r a -
g r a p h (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n :
(i i ) T h i s r e c o r d s h a l l i n c l u d e :
(A ) N a m e a n d j o b c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f
t h e em ploy ee;
(B ) D a t e o f t h e a u d i o g r a m ;
(C) T h e e x a m i n e r ’s n a m e ;
(D ) D a t e o f t h e l a s t a c o u s t i c o r e x -
h a u st ive ca libr a t ion of t h e a u diom et er ;
and
(E ) E m p l o y e e ’s m o s t r e c e n t n o i s e e x -
posu r e a ssessm en t .
(F ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l m a i n t a i n a c -
cu r a t e r ecor ds of t h e m ea su r em en t s of
t h e ba ck gr ou n d sou n d pr essu r e levels
in a u diom et r ic t est r oom s.
(3) R ecord ret en t ion . T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll r et a in r ecor ds r equ ir ed in t h is
p a r a g r a p h (m ) fo r a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g
per iods.
(i ) N o i s e e x p o s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t
r e c o r d s s h a l l b e r e t a i n e d fo r t w o y e a r s .
(i i ) A u d i o m e t r i c t e s t r e c o r d s s h a l l b e
r e t a i n e d fo r t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e a f-
fe c t e d e m p l o y e e ’s e m p l o y m e n t .
(4) A ccess t o record s. A l l r e c o r d s r e -
qu ir ed by t h is sect ion sh a ll be pr ovided
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
u p o n r e q u e s t t o e m p l o y e e s , fo r m e r e m -
215
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§ 1910.95
ploy ees, r epr esen t a t ives design a t ed by
t h e in dividu a l em ploy ee, a n d t h e As-
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y . T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f 29
CF R 1910.1020 (a )–(e ) a n d (g )–(i ) a p p l y t o
a ccess t o r ecor ds u n der t h is sect ion .
(5) T ra n sf er of record s. I f t h e e m p l o y e r
cea ses t o do bu sin ess, t h e em ploy er
s h a l l t r a n s fe r t o t h e s u c c e s s o r e m -
ploy er a ll r ecor ds r equ ir ed t o be m a in -
t a in ed by t h is sect ion , a n d t h e su c-
c e s s o r e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e t a i n t h e m fo r
t h e r em a in der of t h e per iod pr escr ibed
i n p a r a g r a p h (m )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(n ) A p p en d ices. (1) A p p e n d i c e s A , B , C,
D, a n d E t o t h is sect ion a r e in cor -
por a t ed a s pa r t of t h is sect ion a n d t h e
con t en t s of t h ese a ppen dices a r e m a n -
da t or y .
(2) A p p e n d i c e s F a n d G t o t h i s s e c -
t i o n a r e i n fo r m a t i o n a l a n d a r e n o t i n -
t en ded t o cr ea t e a n y a ddit ion a l obliga -
t ion s n ot ot h er wise im posed or t o de-
t r a c t fr o m a n y e x i s t i n g o b l i g a t i o n s .
(o ) E x em p t ion s. P a r a gr a ph s (c )
t h r o u g h (n ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l n o t
a pply t o em ploy er s en ga ged in oil a n d
ga s well dr illin g a n d ser vicin g oper -
a t ion s.
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.95—N OI S E E X P OS U R E
C OM P U T A T I ON
T h is A p p en d ix is M a n d a t ory
I . C OM P U T A T I ON OF E M P L OY E E N OI S E
E X P OS U R E
(1) N o i s e d o s e i s c o m p u t e d u s i n g T a b l e G –
16a a s fo l l o w s :
(i ) Wh e n t h e s o u n d l e v e l , L , i s c o n s t a n t
o v e r t h e e n t i r e w o r k s h i ft , t h e n o i s e d o s e , D ,
i n p e r c e n t , i s g i v e n b y : D = 100 C/T w h e r e C i s
t h e t ot a l len gt h of t h e wor k da y , in h ou r s,
a n d T i s t h e r e fe r e n c e d u r a t i o n c o r -
r espon din g t o t h e m ea su r ed sou n d level, L ,
a s g i v e n i n T a b l e G –16a o r b y t h e fo r m u l a
s h o w n a s a fo o t n o t e t o t h a t t a b l e .
(i i ) Wh e n t h e w o r k s h i ft n o i s e e x p o s u r e i s
com posed of t wo or m or e per iods of n oise a t
d i ffe r e n t l e v e l s , t h e t o t a l n o i s e d o s e o v e r t h e
wor k da y is given by :
D = 100(C 1/T 1+ C 2/T 2+ C n/T n),
w h e r e Cn i n d i c a t e s t h e t o t a l t i m e o f e x p o s u r e
a t a s p e c i fi c n o i s e l e v e l , a n d T n i n d i c a t e s t h e
r e fe r e n c e d u r a t i o n fo r t h a t l e v e l a s g i v e n b y
T a b l e G –16a .
(2) T h e e i g h t -h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e
s o u n d l e v e l (T WA ), i n d e c i b e l s , m a y b e c o m -
p u t e d fr o m t h e d o s e , i n p e r c e n t , b y m e a n s o f
t h e fo r m u l a : T WA = 16.61 l o g 10 (D /100)+ 90. F o r
a n e i g h t -h o u r w o r k s h i ft w i t h t h e n o i s e l e v e l
c o n s t a n t o v e r t h e e n t i r e s h i ft , t h e T WA i s
equ a l t o t h e m ea su r ed sou n d level.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.95 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(3) A t a b l e r e l a t i n g d o s e a n d T WA i s g i v e n I I . C ON V E R S I ON B E T WE E N ‘‘D OS E ’’ A N D ‘‘8-
in S ect ion II. H OU R T I M E -W E I G H T E D A V E R A G E ’’ S OU N D
L E VE L
TABLE G–16A Co m p l i a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (c )–(r ) o f t h i s
r egu la t ion is det er m in ed by t h e a m ou n t of
Ref-
erence exposu r e t o n oise in t h e wor k pla ce. T h e
A-weighted sound level, L (decibel) duration, a m ou n t of su ch exposu r e is u su a lly m ea su r ed
T (hour) wit h a n a u diodosim et er wh ich gives a r ea d-
80 ........................................................................... 32
o u t i n t e r m s o f ‘‘d o s e .’’ I n o r d e r t o b e t t e r u n -
81 ........................................................................... 27.9
der st a n d t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h e a m en d-
82 ........................................................................... 24.3 m en t , dosim et er r ea din gs ca n be con ver t ed
83 ........................................................................... 21.1 t o a n ‘‘8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e s o u n d
84 ........................................................................... 18.4 l e v e l .’’ (T WA ).
85 ........................................................................... 16 In or der t o con ver t t h e r ea din g of a dosim -
86 ........................................................................... 13.9 e t e r i n t o T WA , s e e T a b l e A –1, b e l o w . T h i s
87 ........................................................................... 12.1 t a ble a pplies t o dosim et er s t h a t a r e set by
88 ........................................................................... 10.6 t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r t o c a l c u l a t e d o s e o r p e r -
89 ........................................................................... 9.2 cen t exposu r e a ccor din g t o t h e r ela t ion sh ips
90 ........................................................................... 8 i n T a b l e G –16a . S o , fo r e x a m p l e , a d o s e o f 91
91 ........................................................................... 7.0 per cen t over a n eigh t h ou r da y r esu lt s in a
92 ........................................................................... 6.1 T WA o f 89.3 d B , a n d , a d o s e o f 50 p e r c e n t c o r -
93 ........................................................................... 5.3 r e s p o n d s t o a T WA o f 85 d B .
94 ........................................................................... 4.6 If t h e dose a s r ea d on t h e dosim et er is less
95 ........................................................................... 4
t h a n o r g r e a t e r t h a n t h e v a l u e s fo u n d i n
96 ........................................................................... 3.5
T a b l e A –1, t h e T WA m a y b e c a l c u l a t e d b y
97 ........................................................................... 3.0
98 ........................................................................... 2.6
u s i n g t h e fo r m u l a : T WA = 16.61 l o g 10 (D /100)+ 90
99 ........................................................................... 2.3 w h e r e T WA = 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e
100 ......................................................................... 2 sou n d level a n d D=a ccu m u la t ed dose in per -
101 ......................................................................... 1.7 cen t exposu r e.
102 ......................................................................... 1.5
103 ......................................................................... 1.3 TABLE A–1—CONVERSION FROM ‘‘PERCENT
104 ......................................................................... 1.1 NOISE EXPOSURE’’ OR ‘‘DOSE’’ TO ‘‘8-HOUR
105 ......................................................................... 1 TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE SOUND LEVEL’’
106 ......................................................................... 0.87
107 ......................................................................... 0.76
(TWA)
108 ......................................................................... 0.66 Dose or percent noise exposure TWA
109 ......................................................................... 0.57
110 ......................................................................... 0.5 10 ........................................................................... 73.4
111 ......................................................................... 0.44 15 ........................................................................... 76.3
112 ......................................................................... 0.38 20 ........................................................................... 78.4
113 ......................................................................... 0.33 25 ........................................................................... 80.0
114 ......................................................................... 0.29 30 ........................................................................... 81.3
115 ......................................................................... 0.25 35 ........................................................................... 82.4
40 ........................................................................... 83.4
116 ......................................................................... 0.22
45 ........................................................................... 84.2
117 ......................................................................... 0.19 50 ........................................................................... 85.0
118 ......................................................................... 0.16 55 ........................................................................... 85.7
119 ......................................................................... 0.14 60 ........................................................................... 86.3
120 ......................................................................... 0.125 65 ........................................................................... 86.9
121 ......................................................................... 0.11 70 ........................................................................... 87.4
122 ......................................................................... 0.095 75 ........................................................................... 87.9
123 ......................................................................... 0.082 80 ........................................................................... 88.4
124 ......................................................................... 0.072 81 ........................................................................... 88.5
125 ......................................................................... 0.063 82 ........................................................................... 88.6
83 ........................................................................... 88.7
126 ......................................................................... 0.054
84 ........................................................................... 88.7
127 ......................................................................... 0.047 85 ........................................................................... 88.8
128 ......................................................................... 0.041 86 ........................................................................... 88.9
129 ......................................................................... 0.036 87 ........................................................................... 89.0
130 ......................................................................... 0.031 88 ........................................................................... 89.1
89 ........................................................................... 89.2
I n t h e a b o v e t a b l e t h e r e fe r e n c e d u r a t i o n , 90 ........................................................................... 89.2
91 ........................................................................... 89.3
T , is com pu t ed by 92 ........................................................................... 89.4
93 ........................................................................... 89.5
8 94 ........................................................................... 89.6
T= 95 ........................................................................... 89.6
2( L −90 ) / 5 96
97
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
89.7
89.8
w h e r e L i s t h e m e a s u r e d A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

98 ........................................................................... 89.9
level. 99 ........................................................................... 89.9

216
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.95

TABLE A–1—CONVERSION FROM ‘‘PERCENT TABLE A–1—CONVERSION FROM ‘‘PERCENT

NOISE EXPOSURE’’ OR ‘‘DOSE’’ TO ‘‘8-HOUR NOISE EXPOSURE’’ OR ‘‘DOSE’’ TO ‘‘8-HOUR
TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE SOUND LEVEL’’ TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE SOUND LEVEL’’
(TWA)—Continued (TWA)—Continued
Dose or percent noise exposure TWA Dose or percent noise exposure TWA

100 ......................................................................... 90.0 520 ......................................................................... 101.9

101 ......................................................................... 90.1 530 ......................................................................... 102.0
102 ......................................................................... 90.1 540 ......................................................................... 102.2
103 ......................................................................... 90.2 550 ......................................................................... 102.3
104 ......................................................................... 90.3 560 ......................................................................... 102.4
105 ......................................................................... 90.4 570 ......................................................................... 102.6
106 ......................................................................... 90.4 580 ......................................................................... 102.7
107 ......................................................................... 90.5 590 ......................................................................... 102.8
108 ......................................................................... 90.6 600 ......................................................................... 102.9
109 ......................................................................... 90.6 610 ......................................................................... 103.0
110 ......................................................................... 90.7 620 ......................................................................... 103.2
111 ......................................................................... 90.8 630 ......................................................................... 103.3
112 ......................................................................... 90.8 640 ......................................................................... 103.4
113 ......................................................................... 90.9 650 ......................................................................... 103.5
114 ......................................................................... 90.9 660 ......................................................................... 103.6
115 ......................................................................... 91.1 670 ......................................................................... 103.7
116 ......................................................................... 91.1 680 ......................................................................... 103.8
117 ......................................................................... 91.1 690 ......................................................................... 103.9
118 ......................................................................... 91.2 700 ......................................................................... 104.0
119 ......................................................................... 91.3 710 ......................................................................... 104.1
120 ......................................................................... 91.3 720 ......................................................................... 104.2
125 ......................................................................... 91.6 730 ......................................................................... 104.3
130 ......................................................................... 91.9 740 ......................................................................... 104.4
135 ......................................................................... 92.2 750 ......................................................................... 104.5
140 ......................................................................... 92.4 760 ......................................................................... 104.6
145 ......................................................................... 92.7 770 ......................................................................... 104.7
150 ......................................................................... 92.9 780 ......................................................................... 104.8
155 ......................................................................... 93.2 790 ......................................................................... 104.9
160 ......................................................................... 93.4 800 ......................................................................... 105.0
165 ......................................................................... 93.6 810 ......................................................................... 105.1
170 ......................................................................... 93.8 820 ......................................................................... 105.2
175 ......................................................................... 94.0 830 ......................................................................... 105.3
180 ......................................................................... 94.2 840 ......................................................................... 105.4
185 ......................................................................... 94.4 850 ......................................................................... 105.4
190 ......................................................................... 94.6 860 ......................................................................... 105.5
195 ......................................................................... 94.8 870 ......................................................................... 105.6
200 ......................................................................... 95.0 880 ......................................................................... 105.7
210 ......................................................................... 95.4 890 ......................................................................... 105.8
220 ......................................................................... 95.7 900 ......................................................................... 105.8
230 ......................................................................... 96.0 910 ......................................................................... 105.9
240 ......................................................................... 96.3 920 ......................................................................... 106.0
250 ......................................................................... 96.6 930 ......................................................................... 106.1
260 ......................................................................... 96.9 940 ......................................................................... 106.2
270 ......................................................................... 97.2 950 ......................................................................... 106.2
280 ......................................................................... 97.4 960 ......................................................................... 106.3
290 ......................................................................... 97.7 970 ......................................................................... 106.4
300 ......................................................................... 97.9 980 ......................................................................... 106.5
310 ......................................................................... 98.2 990 ......................................................................... 106.5
320 ......................................................................... 98.4 999 ......................................................................... 106.6
330 ......................................................................... 98.6
340 ......................................................................... 98.8
350 ......................................................................... 99.0 A P P E N D I X B T O § 1910.95—M E T H OD S F OR E S T I -
360 ......................................................................... 99.2 M A T I N G T H E A D E QU A CY OF H E A R I N G P R O -
370 ......................................................................... 99.4 T E CT OR A T T E N U A T I ON
380 ......................................................................... 99.6
390 ......................................................................... 99.8 T h is A p p en d ix is M a n d a t ory
400 ......................................................................... 100.0
410 ......................................................................... 100.2 F or em ploy ees wh o h a ve exper ien ced a sig-
420 ......................................................................... 100.4 n i fi c a n t t h r e s h o l d s h i ft , h e a r i n g p r o t e c t o r
430 ......................................................................... 100.5 a t t e n u a t i o n m u s t b e s u ffi c i e n t t o r e d u c e e m -
440 ......................................................................... 100.7 p l o y e e e x p o s u r e t o a T WA o f 85 d B . E m p l o y -
450 ......................................................................... 100.8 e r s m u s t s e l e c t o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d s
460 ......................................................................... 101.0 by wh ich t o est im a t e t h e a dequ a cy of h ea r -
470 ......................................................................... 101.2
480 ......................................................................... 101.3 in g pr ot ect or a t t en u a t ion .
490 ......................................................................... 101.5 T h e m ost con ven ien t m et h od is t h e Noise
R e d u c t i o n R a t i n g (N R R ) d e v e l o p e d b y t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

500 ......................................................................... 101.6

510 ......................................................................... 101.8 E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y (E P A ).

217

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 § 1910.95
Accor din g t o E P A r egu la t ion , t h e NR R m u st
be sh own on t h e h ea r in g pr ot ect or pa ck a ge.
T h e NR R is t h en r ela t ed t o a n in dividu a l
w o r k e r ’s n o i s e e n v i r o n m e n t i n o r d e r t o a s -
sess t h e a dequ a cy of t h e a t t en u a t ion of a
given h ea r in g pr ot ect or . T h is a ppen dix de-
s c r i b e s fo u r m e t h o d s o f u s i n g t h e N R R t o d e -
t er m in e wh et h er a pa r t icu la r h ea r in g pr o-
t ect or pr ovides a dequ a t e pr ot ect ion wit h in a
given exposu r e en vir on m en t . S elect ion
a m o n g t h e fo u r p r o c e d u r e s i s d e p e n d e n t u p o n
t h e e m p l o y e r ’s n o i s e m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s .
In st ea d of u sin g t h e NR R , em ploy er s m a y
eva lu a t e t h e a dequ a cy of h ea r in g pr ot ect or
a t t en u a t ion by u sin g on e of t h e t h r ee m et h -
o d s d e v e l o p e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h (N I OS H ),
w h i c h a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e ‘‘L i s t o f P e r s o n a l
H e a r i n g P r o t e c t o r s a n d A t t e n u a t i o n D a t a ,’’
H E W P u b l i c a t i o n N o . 76–120, 1975, p a g e s 21–37.
T h e s e m e t h o d s a r e k n o w n a s N I OS H m e t h o d s
# 1B 1, # 1B 2 a n d # 1B 3. T h e N R R d e s c r i b e d
b e l o w i s a s i m p l i fi c a t i o n o f N I OS H m e t h o d
# 1B 2. T h e m o s t c o m p l e x m e t h o d i s N I OS H
m e t h o d # 1B 1, w h i c h i s p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t a c -
cu r a t e m et h od sin ce it u ses t h e la r gest
a m o u n t o f s p e c t r a l i n fo r m a t i o n fr o m t h e i n -
d i v i d u a l e m p l o y e e ’s n o i s e e n v i r o n m e n t . A s
in t h e ca se of t h e NR R m et h od descr ibed
b e l o w , i f o n e o f t h e N I OS H m e t h o d s i s u s e d ,
t h e select ed m et h od m u st be a pplied t o a n
i n d i v i d u a l ’s n o i s e e n v i r o n m e n t t o a s s e s s t h e
a dequ a cy of t h e a t t en u a t ion . E m ploy er s
s h o u l d b e c a r e fu l t o t a k e a s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r
of m ea su r em en t s in or der t o a ch ieve a r ep-
r e s e n t a t i v e s a m p l e fo r e a c h t i m e s e g m e n t .
N OT E : T h e e m p l o y e r m u s t r e m e m b e r t h a t
c a l c u l a t e d a t t e n u a t i o n v a l u e s r e fl e c t r e a l -
ist ic va lu es on ly t o t h e ext en t t h a t t h e pr o-
t e c t o r s a r e p r o p e r l y fi t t e d a n d w o r n .
Wh e n u s i n g t h e N R R t o a s s e s s h e a r i n g p r o -
t e c t o r a d e q u a c y , o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h -
ods m u st be u sed:
(i ) Wh e n u s i n g a d o s i m e t e r t h a t i s c a p a b l e
o f C-w e i g h t e d m e a s u r e m e n t s :
(A ) Ob t a i n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s C-w e i g h t e d d o s e
fo r t h e e n t i r e w o r k s h i ft , a n d c o n v e r t t o T WA
(s e e a p p e n d i x A , I I ).
(B ) S u b t r a c t t h e N R R fr o m t h e C-w e i g h t e d
T WA t o o b t a i n t h e e s t i m a t e d A -w e i g h t e d
T WA u n d e r t h e e a r p r o t e c t o r .
(i i ) Wh e n u s i n g a d o s i m e t e r t h a t i s n o t c a -
p a b l e o f C-w e i g h t e d m e a s u r e m e n t s , t h e fo l -
lowin g m et h od m a y be u sed:
(A ) Co n v e r t t h e A -w e i g h t e d d o s e t o T WA
(s e e a p p e n d i x A ).
(B ) S u b t r a c t 7 d B fr o m t h e N R R .
(C) S u b t r a c t t h e r e m a i n d e r fr o m t h e A -
w e i g h t e d T WA t o o b t a i n t h e e s t i m a t e d A -
w e i g h t e d T WA u n d e r t h e e a r p r o t e c t o r .
(i i i ) Wh e n u s i n g a s o u n d l e v e l m e t e r s e t t o
t h e A -w e i g h t i n g n e t w o r k :
(A ) Ob t a i n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s A -w e i g h t e d
T WA .
(B ) S u b t r a c t 7 d B fr o m t h e N R R , a n d s u b -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t r a c t t h e r e m a i n d e r fr o m t h e A -w e i g h t e d
218
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
T WA t o o b t a i n t h e e s t i m a t e d A -w e i g h t e d
T WA u n d e r t h e e a r p r o t e c t o r .
(i v ) Wh e n u s i n g a s o u n d l e v e l m e t e r s e t o n
t h e C-w e i g h t i n g n e t w o r k :
(A ) Ob t a i n a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a m p l e o f t h e
C-w e i g h t e d s o u n d l e v e l s i n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s
en vir on m en t .
(B ) S u b t r a c t t h e N R R fr o m t h e C-w e i g h t e d
a ver a ge sou n d level t o obt a in t h e est im a t ed
A -w e i g h t e d T WA u n d e r t h e e a r p r o t e c t o r .
(v ) Wh e n u s i n g a r e a m o n i t o r i n g p r o c e d u r e s
a n d a s o u n d l e v e l m e t e r s e t t o t h e A -w e i g h -
in g n et wor k .
(A ) Ob t a i n a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o u n d l e v e l fo r
t h e a r ea in qu est ion .
(B ) S u b t r a c t 7 d B fr o m t h e N R R a n d s u b -
t r a c t t h e r e m a i n d e r fr o m t h e A -w e i g h t e d
s o u n d l e v e l fo r t h a t a r e a .
(v i ) Wh e n u s i n g a r e a m o n i t o r i n g p r o c e -
d u r e s a n d a s o u n d l e v e l m e t e r s e t t o t h e C-
weigh t in g n et wor k :
(A ) Ob t a i n a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o u n d l e v e l fo r
t h e a r ea in qu est ion .
(B ) S u b t r a c t t h e N R R fr o m t h e C-w e i g h t e d
s o u n d l e v e l fo r t h a t a r e a .
A P P E N D I X C T O § 1910.95—A U D I OM E T R I C
M E AS UR ING INS T R UME NT S
T h is A p p en d ix is M a n d a t ory
1. I n t h e e v e n t t h a t p u l s e d -t o n e a u d i o m -
et er s a r e u sed, t h ey sh a ll h a ve a t on e on -
t i m e o f a t l e a s t 200 m i l l i s e c o n d s .
2. S e l f-r e c o r d i n g a u d i o m e t e r s s h a l l c o m p l y
w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(A ) T h e c h a r t u p o n w h i c h t h e a u d i o g r a m i s
t r a ced sh a ll h a ve lin es a t posit ion s cor -
r e s p o n d i n g t o a l l m u l t i p l e s o f 10 d B h e a r i n g
level wit h in t h e in t en sit y r a n ge spa n n ed by
t h e a u diom et er . T h e lin es sh a ll be equ a lly
s p a c e d a n d s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d b y a t l e a s t 1⁄4
in ch . Addit ion a l in cr em en t s a r e opt ion a l.
T h e a u diogr a m pen t r a cin gs sh a ll n ot exceed
2 dB in widt h .
(B ) I t s h a l l b e p o s s i b l e t o s e t t h e s t y l u s
m a n u a l l y a t t h e 10-d B i n c r e m e n t l i n e s fo r
ca libr a t ion pu r poses.
(C) T h e s l e w i n g r a t e fo r t h e a u d i o m e t e r a t -
t e n u a t o r s h a l l n o t b e m o r e t h a n 6 d B /s e c e x -
cept t h a t a n in it ia l slewin g r a t e gr ea t er t h a n
6 d B /s e c i s p e r m i t t e d a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f
e a c h n e w t e s t fr e q u e n c y , b u t o n l y u n t i l t h e
secon d su bject r espon se.
(D ) T h e a u d i o m e t e r s h a l l r e m a i n a t e a c h
r e q u i r e d t e s t fr e q u e n c y fo r 30 s e c o n d s (± 3
s e c o n d s ). T h e a u d i o g r a m s h a l l b e c l e a r l y
m a r k e d a t e a c h c h a n g e o f fr e q u e n c y a n d t h e
a c t u a l fr e q u e n c y c h a n g e o f t h e a u d i o m e t e r
s h a l l n o t d e v i a t e fr o m t h e fr e q u e n c y b o u n d -
a r ies m a r k ed on t h e a u diogr a m by m or e t h a n
± 3 secon ds.
(E ) I t m u s t b e p o s s i b l e a t e a c h t e s t fr e -
q u e n c y t o p l a c e a h o r i zo n t a l l i n e s e g m e n t
pa r a llel t o t h e t im e a xis on t h e a u diogr a m ,
su ch t h a t t h e a u diom et r ic t r a cin g cr osses
t h e lin e segm en t a t lea st six t im es a t t h a t
t e s t fr e q u e n c y . A t e a c h t e s t fr e q u e n c y t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h r esh old sh a ll be t h e a ver a ge of t he
m idpoin t s of t h e t r a cin g excu r sion s.
A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.95—A U D I OM E T R I C T E S T
R OOM S
T h is A p p en d ix is M a n d a t ory
R o o m s u s e d fo r a u d i o m e t r i c t e s t i n g s h a l l
n ot h a ve ba ck gr ou n d sou n d pr essu r e levels
e x c e e d i n g t h o s e i n T a b l e D –1 w h e n m e a s u r e d
b y e q u i p m e n t c o n fo r m i n g a t l e a s t t o t h e
T y pe 2 r equ ir em en t s of Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n d a r d S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r S o u n d L e v e l M e -
t e r s , S 1.4–1971 (R 1976), a n d t o t h e Cl a s s I I r e -
qu ir em en t s of Am er ica n Na t ion a l S t a n da r d
S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r Oc t a v e , H a l f-Oc t a v e , a n d
T h i r d -Oc t a v e B a n d F i l t e r S e t s , S 1.11–1971
(R 1976).
§ 1910.95
C. F o r e a c h 10-d B d e c r e m e n t o n t h e a u d i -
om et er t h e sou n d level m et er sh ou ld in dica t e
a c o r r e s p o n d i n g 10 d B d e c r e a s e .
D. T h is m ea su r em en t m a y be m a de elec-
t r ica lly wit h a volt m et er con n ect ed t o t h e
ea r ph on e t er m in a ls.
(3) T olera n ces
Wh e n a n y o f t h e m e a s u r e d s o u n d l e v e l s d e -
v i a t e fr o m t h e l e v e l s i n T a b l e E –1 o r T a b l e
E –2 b y ± 3 d B a t a n y t e s t fr e q u e n c y b e t w e e n
500 a n d 3000 H z, 4 d B a t 4000 H z, o r 5 d B a t
6000 H z, a n e x h a u s t i v e c a l i b r a t i o n i s a d v i s e d .
An exh a u st ive ca libr a t ion is r equ ir ed if t h e
d e v i a t i o n s a r e g r e a t e r t h a n 15 d B o r g r e a t e r
a t a n y t e s t fr e q u e n c y .
TABLE E–1—REFERENCE THRESHOLD LEVELS
FOR TELEPHONICS—TDH–39 EARPHONES

Reference
TABLE D–1—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OCTAVE- threshold Sound
BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR Frequency, Hz level for level meter
TDH–39 reading,
AUDIOMETRIC TEST ROOMS earphones, dB
dB
Octave-band center fre-
quency (Hz) ................ 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 500 ................................................. 11.5 81.5
Sound pressure level 1000 ............................................... 7 77
(dB) ............................. 40 40 47 57 62 2000 ............................................... 9 79
3000 ............................................... 10 80
4000 ............................................... 9.5 79.5
A P P E N D I X E T O § 1910.95—A COU S T I C 6000 ............................................... 15.5 85.5
C A L I B R A T I ON OF A U D I OM E T E R S

T h is A p p en d ix is M a n d a t ory TABLE E–2—REFERENCE THRESHOLD LEVELS

Au diom et er ca libr a t ion sh a ll be ch eck ed FOR TELEPHONICS—TDH–49 EARPHONES
a cou st ica lly , a t lea st a n n u a lly , a ccor din g t o
Ref-
t h e pr ocedu r es descr ibed in t h is a ppen dix. erence Sound
T h e e q u i p m e n t n e c e s s a r y t o p e r fo r m t h e s e threshold level
m ea su r em en t s is a sou n d level m et er , oc- level for
Frequency, Hz meter
TDH–49
t a v e -b a n d fi l t e r s e t , a n d a N a t i o n a l B u r e a u reading,
ear- dB
o f S t a n d a r d s 9A c o u p l e r . I n m a k i n g t h e s e phones,
m ea su r em en t s, t h e a ccu r a cy of t h e ca li- dB
b r a t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t t o d e - 500 ..................................................... 13.5 83.5
t er m in e t h a t t h e a u diom et er is wit h in t h e 1000 ................................................... 7.5 77.5
t oler a n ces per m it t ed by Am er ica n S t a n da r d 2000 ................................................... 11 81.0
S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r A u d i o m e t e r s , S 3.6–1969. 3000 ................................................... 9.5 79.5
(1) S ou n d P ressu re O u t p u t Ch eck 4000 ................................................... 10.5 80.5
6000 ................................................... 13.5 83.5
A. P la ce t h e ea r ph on e cou pler over t h e
m icr oph on e of t h e sou n d level m et er a n d
pla ce t h e ea r ph on e on t h e cou pler . A P P E N D I X F T O § 1910.95—C A L CU L A T I ON S A N D
B . S e t t h e a u d i o m e t e r ’s h e a r i n g t h r e s h o l d A P P L I CA T I ON OF A G E C OR R E CT I ON S T O
l e v e l (H T L ) d i a l t o 70 d B . A U D I OG R A M S
C. M e a s u r e t h e s o u n d p r e s s u r e l e v e l o f t h e
t o n e s a t e a c h t e s t fr e q u e n c y fr o m 500 H z T h is A p p en d ix I s N on -M a n d a t ory
t h r o u g h 6000 H z fo r e a c h e a r p h o n e . In det er m in in g wh et h er a st a n da r d t h r esh -
D . A t e a c h fr e q u e n c y t h e r e a d o u t o n t h e o l d s h i ft h a s o c c u r r e d , a l l o w a n c e m a y b e
sou n d level m et er sh ou ld cor r espon d t o t h e m a d e fo r t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f a g i n g t o t h e
l e v e l s i n T a b l e E –1 o r T a b l e E –2, a s a p p r o - ch a n ge in h ea r in g level by a dju st in g t h e
p r i a t e , fo r t h e t y p e o f e a r p h o n e , i n t h e c o l - m ost r ecen t a u diogr a m . If t h e em ploy er
u m n e n t i t l e d ‘‘s o u n d l e v e l m e t e r r e a d i n g .’’ ch ooses t o a dju st t h e a u diogr a m , t h e em -
(2) L in ea rit y Ch eck p l o y e r s h a l l fo l l o w t h e p r o c e d u r e d e s c r i b e d
A . Wi t h t h e e a r p h o n e i n p l a c e , s e t t h e fr e - below. T h is pr ocedu r e a n d t h e a ge cor r ect ion
q u e n c y t o 1000 H z a n d t h e H T L d i a l o n t h e t a bles wer e developed by t h e Na t ion a l In st i-
a u d i o m e t e r t o 70 d B . t u t e fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h i n
B. Mea su r e t h e sou n d levels in t h e cou pler t h e c r i t e r i a d o c u m e n t e n t i t l e d ‘‘Cr i t e r i a fo r
a t e a c h 10-d B d e c r e m e n t fr o m 70 d B t o 10 d B , a R e c o m m e n d e d S t a n d a r d . . . Oc c u p a t i o n a l
n ot in g t h e sou n d level m et er r ea din g a t ea ch E x p o s u r e t o N o i s e ,’’ ((H S M )–11001).
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

set t in g. F o r e a c h a u d i o m e t r i c t e s t fr e q u e n c y ;

219

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00229 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.95 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i ) D e t e r m i n e fr o m T a b l e s F –1 o r F –2 t h e (a s o p p o s e d t o a t h r e s h o l d s h i ft o f 20 d B
a g e c o r r e c t i o n v a l u e s fo r t h e e m p l o y e e b y : w i t h o u t a g e c o r r e c t i o n ).
(A ) F i n d i n g t h e a g e a t w h i c h t h e m o s t r e -
cen t a u diogr a m wa s t a k en a n d r ecor din g t h e TABLE F–1—AGE CORRECTION VALUES IN
cor r espon din g va lu es of a ge cor r ect ion s a t DECIBELS FOR MALES
1000 H z t h r o u g h 6000 H z;
(B ) F i n d i n g t h e a g e a t w h i c h t h e b a s e l i n e Audiometric Test Frequencies (Hz)
a u diogr a m wa s t a k en a n d r ecor din g t h e cor - Years
1000 2000 3000 4000 6000
r e s p o n d i n g v a l u e s o f a g e c o r r e c t i o n s a t 1000
H z t h r o u g h 6000 H z. 20 or younger ....... 5 3 4 5 8
(i i ) S u b t r a c t t h e v a l u e s fo u n d i n s t e p (i )(B ) 21 ......................... 5 3 4 5 8
fr o m t h e v a l u e fo u n d i n s t e p (i )(A ). 22 ......................... 5 3 4 5 8
(i i i ) T h e d i ffe r e n c e s c a l c u l a t e d i n s t e p (i i ) 23 ......................... 5 3 4 6 9
24 ......................... 5 3 5 6 9
r epr esen t ed t h a t por t ion of t h e ch a n ge in 25 ......................... 5 3 5 7 10
h ea r in g t h a t m a y be du e t o a gin g. 26 ......................... 5 4 5 7 10
E x a m p le: E m p l o y e e i s a 32-y e a r -o l d m a l e . 27 ......................... 5 4 6 7 11
T h e a u d i o m e t r i c h i s t o r y fo r h i s r i g h t e a r i s 28 ......................... 6 4 6 8 11
sh own in decibels below. 29 ......................... 6 4 6 8 12
30 ......................... 6 4 6 9 12
Audiometric test frequency (Hz) 31 ......................... 6 4 7 9 13
Employee’s age 32 ......................... 6 5 7 10 14
1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 33 ......................... 6 5 7 10 14
34 ......................... 6 5 8 11 15
26 ......................... 10 5 5 10 5 35 ......................... 7 5 8 11 15
*27 ........................ 0 0 0 5 5 36 ......................... 7 5 9 12 16
28 ......................... 0 0 0 10 5 37 ......................... 7 6 9 12 17
29 ......................... 5 0 5 15 5 38 ......................... 7 6 9 13 17
30 ......................... 0 5 10 20 10 39 ......................... 7 6 10 14 18
31 ......................... 5 10 20 15 15 40 ......................... 7 6 10 14 19
*32 ........................ 5 10 10 25 20 41 ......................... 7 6 10 14 20
42 ......................... 8 7 11 16 20
T h e a u d i o g r a m a t a g e 27 i s c o n s i d e r e d t h e 43 ......................... 8 7 12 16 21
ba selin e sin ce it sh ows t h e best h ea r in g 44 ......................... 8 7 12 17 22
t h r esh old levels. Ast er isk s h a ve been u sed t o 45 ......................... 8 7 13 18 23
46 ......................... 8 8 13 19 24
i d e n t i fy t h e b a s e l i n e a n d m o s t r e c e n t a u d i o -
47 ......................... 8 8 14 19 24
g r a m . A t h r e s h o l d s h i ft o f 20 d B e x i s t s a t 4000 48 ......................... 9 8 14 20 25
H z b e t w e e n t h e a u d i o g r a m s t a k e n a t a g e s 27 49 ......................... 9 9 15 21 26
a n d 32. 50 ......................... 9 9 16 22 27
(T h e t h r e s h o l d s h i ft i s c o m p u t e d b y s u b - 51 ......................... 9 9 16 23 28
t r a c t i n g t h e h e a r i n g t h r e s h o l d a t a g e 27, 52 ......................... 9 10 17 24 29
w h i c h w a s 5, fr o m t h e h e a r i n g t h r e s h o l d a t 53 ......................... 9 10 18 25 30
54 ......................... 10 10 18 26 31
a g e 32, w h i c h i s 25). A r e t e s t a u d i o g r a m h a s 55 ......................... 10 11 19 27 32
c o n fi r m e d t h i s s h i ft . T h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f 56 ......................... 10 11 20 28 34
a gin g t o t h is ch a n ge in h ea r in g m a y be est i- 57 ......................... 10 11 21 29 35
m a t e d i n t h e fo l l o w i n g m a n n e r : 58 ......................... 10 12 22 31 36
G o t o T a b l e F –1 a n d fi n d t h e a g e c o r r e c t i o n 59 ......................... 11 12 22 32 37
v a l u e s (i n d B ) fo r 4000 H z a t a g e 27 a n d a g e 32. 60 or older ............ 11 13 23 33 38

Frequency (Hz)
TABLE F–2—AGE CORRECTION VALUES IN
1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 DECIBELS FOR FEMALES
Age 32 .................. 6 5 7 10 14 Audiometric Test Frequencies (Hz)
Age 27 .................. 5 4 6 7 11 Years
1000 2000 3000 4000 6000
Difference ...... 1 1 1 3 3
20 or younger ....... 7 4 3 3 6
T h e d i ffe r e n c e r e p r e s e n t s t h e a m o u n t o f 21 ......................... 7 4 4 3 6
h ea r in g loss t h a t m a y be a t t r ibu t ed t o a gin g 22 ......................... 7 4 4 4 6
23 ......................... 7 5 4 4 7
in t h e t im e per iod bet ween t h e ba selin e 24 ......................... 7 5 4 4 7
a u diogr a m a n d t h e m ost r ecen t a u diogr a m . 25 ......................... 8 5 4 4 7
I n t h i s e x a m p l e , t h e d i ffe r e n c e a t 4000 H z i s 26 ......................... 8 5 5 4 8
3 d B . T h i s v a l u e i s s u b t r a c t e d fr o m t h e h e a r - 27 ......................... 8 5 5 5 8
i n g l e v e l a t 4000 H z, w h i c h i n t h e m o s t r e c e n t 28 ......................... 8 5 5 5 8
a u d i o g r a m i s 25, y i e l d i n g 22 a ft e r a d j u s t - 29 ......................... 8 5 5 5 9
m en t . T h en t h e h ea r in g t h r esh old in t h e 30 ......................... 8 6 5 5 9
31 ......................... 8 6 6 5 9
b a s e l i n e a u d i o g r a m a t 4000 H z (5) i s s u b - 32 ......................... 9 6 6 6 10
t r a c t e d fr o m t h e a d j u s t e d a n n u a l a u d i o g r a m 33 ......................... 9 6 6 6 10
h e a r i n g t h r e s h o l d a t 4000 H z (22). T h u s t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

34 ......................... 9 6 6 6 10
a g e -c o r r e c t e d t h r e s h o l d s h i ft w o u l d b e 17 d B 35 ......................... 9 6 7 7 11

220

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.95

TABLE F–2—AGE CORRECTION VALUES IN B a s i c a l l y , t h e r e a r e t w o d i ffe r e n t i n s t r u -

DECIBELS FOR FEMALES—Continued m en t s t o m ea su r e n oise exposu r es: t h e sou n d
level m et er a n d t h e dosim et er . A sou n d level
Audiometric Test Frequencies (Hz) m et er is a device t h a t m ea su r es t h e in t en -
Years sit y of sou n d a t a given m om en t . S in ce
1000 2000 3000 4000 6000
sou n d level m et er s pr ovide a m ea su r e of
36 ......................... 9 7 7 7 11 sou n d in t en sit y a t on ly on e poin t in t im e, it
37 ......................... 9 7 7 7 12 is gen er a lly n ecessa r y t o t a k e a n u m ber of
38 ......................... 10 7 7 7 12 m e a s u r e m e n t s a t d i ffe r e n t t i m e s d u r i n g t h e
39 ......................... 10 7 8 8 12 da y t o est im a t e n oise exposu r e over a wor k -
40 ......................... 10 7 8 8 13 d a y . I f n o i s e l e v e l s fl u c t u a t e , t h e a m o u n t o f
41 ......................... 10 8 8 8 13
42 ......................... 10 8 9 9 13
t im e n oise r em a in s a t ea ch of t h e va r iou s
43 ......................... 11 8 9 9 14 m ea su r ed levels m u st be det er m in ed.
44 ......................... 11 8 9 9 14 T o est im a t e em ploy ee n oise exposu r es wit h
45 ......................... 11 8 10 10 15 a sou n d level m et er it is a lso gen er a lly n ec-
46 ......................... 11 9 10 10 15 e s s a r y t o t a k e s e v e r a l m e a s u r e m e n t s a t d i f-
47 ......................... 11 9 10 11 16 fe r e n t l o c a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e w o r k p l a c e . A ft e r
48 ......................... 12 9 11 11 16
49 ......................... 12 9 11 11 16
a ppr opr ia t e sou n d level m et er r ea din gs a r e
50 ......................... 12 10 11 12 17 o b t a i n e d , p e o p l e s o m e t i m e s d r a w ‘‘m a p s ’’ o f
51 ......................... 12 10 12 12 17 t h e s o u n d l e v e l s w i t h i n d i ffe r e n t a r e a s o f t h e
52 ......................... 12 10 12 13 18 w o r k p l a c e . B y u s i n g a s o u n d l e v e l ‘‘m a p ’’
53 ......................... 13 10 13 13 18 a n d i n fo r m a t i o n o n e m p l o y e e l o c a t i o n s
54 ......................... 13 11 13 14 19 t h r ou gh ou t t h e da y , est im a t es of in dividu a l
55 ......................... 13 11 14 14 19
exposu r e levels ca n be developed. T h is m ea s-
56 ......................... 13 11 14 15 20
57 ......................... 13 11 15 15 20 u r e m e n t m e t h o d i s g e n e r a l l y r e fe r r e d t o a s
58 ......................... 14 12 15 16 21 a rea n o i s e m o n i t o r i n g .
59 ......................... 14 12 16 16 21 A dosim et er is lik e a sou n d level m et er ex-
60 or older ............ 14 12 16 17 22 cept t h a t it st or es sou n d level m ea su r em en t s
a n d in t egr a t es t h ese m ea su r em en t s over
A P P E N D I X G T O § 1910.95—M ON I T OR I N G N OI S E t im e, pr ovidin g a n a ver a ge n oise exposu r e
L E V E L S N ON -M A N D A T OR Y I N F OR M A T I ON A L r e a d i n g fo r a g i v e n p e r i o d o f t i m e , s u c h a s a n
AP P E NDIX 8-h o u r w o r k d a y . Wi t h a d o s i m e t e r , a m i c r o -
p h o n e i s a t t a c h e d t o t h e e m p l o y e e ’s c l o t h i n g
T h i s a p p e n d i x p r o v i d e s i n fo r m a t i o n t o h e l p a n d t h e exposu r e m ea su r em en t is sim ply
em ploy er s com ply wit h t h e n oise m on it or in g r ea d a t t h e en d of t h e desir ed t im e per iod. A
obliga t ion s t h a t a r e pa r t of t h e h ea r in g con - r e a d e r m a y b e u s e d t o r e a d -o u t t h e
ser va t ion a m en dm en t . d o s i m e t e r ’s m e a s u r e m e n t s . S i n c e t h e d o s i m -
W H A T I S T H E P U R P OS E OF N OI S E M ON I T OR I N G ? et er is wor n by t h e em ploy ee, it m ea su r es
T h is r evised a m en dm en t r equ ir es t h a t em - n oise levels in t h ose loca t ion s in wh ich t h e
ploy ees be pla ced in a h ea r in g con ser va t ion em ploy ee t r a vels. A sou n d level m et er ca n
pr ogr a m if t h ey a r e exposed t o a ver a ge n oise a lso be posit ion ed wit h in t h e im m edia t e vi-
l e v e l s o f 85 d B o r g r e a t e r d u r i n g a n 8 h o u r cin it y of t h e exposed wor k er t o obt a in a n in -
wor k da y . In or der t o det er m in e if exposu r es dividu a l exposu r e est im a t e. S u ch pr ocedu r es
a r e a t or a bove t h is level, it m a y be n ec- a r e g e n e r a l l y r e fe r r e d t o a s p erson a l n o i s e
essa r y t o m ea su r e or m on it or t h e a ct u a l m on it or in g.
n oise levels in t h e wor k pla ce a n d t o est im a t e Ar ea m on it or in g ca n be u sed t o est im a t e
t h e n o i s e e x p o s u r e o r ‘‘d o s e ’’ r e c e i v e d b y e m - n oise exposu r e wh en t h e n oise levels a r e r el-
ploy ees du r in g t h e wor k da y . a t ively con st a n t a n d em ploy ees a r e n ot m o-
W H E N I S I T N E CE S S A R Y T O I M P L E M E N T A bile. In wor k pla ces wh er e em ploy ees m ove
N OI S E M ON I T OR I N G P R OG R A M ? a b o u t i n d i ffe r e n t a r e a s o r w h e r e t h e n o i s e
I t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y fo r e v e r y e m p l o y e r t o i n t e n s i t y t e n d s t o fl u c t u a t e o v e r t i m e , n o i s e
m ea su r e wor k pla ce n oise. Noise m on it or in g exposu r e is gen er a lly m or e a ccu r a t ely est i-
or m ea su r in g m u st be con du ct ed on ly wh en m a t ed by t h e per son a l m on it or in g a ppr oa ch .
e x p o s u r e s a r e a t o r a b o v e 85 d B . F a c t o r s In sit u a t ion s wh er e per son a l m on it or in g is
wh ich su ggest t h a t n oise exposu r es in t h e a ppr opr ia t e, pr oper posit ion in g of t h e m icr o-
wor k pla ce m a y be a t t h is level in clu de em - ph on e is n ecessa r y t o obt a in a ccu r a t e m ea s-
ploy ee com pla in t s a bou t t h e lou dn ess of u r e m e n t s . Wi t h a d o s i m e t e r , t h e m i c r o p h o n e
n oise, in dica t ion s t h a t em ploy ees a r e losin g is gen er a lly loca t ed on t h e sh ou lder a n d r e-
t h eir h ea r in g, or n oisy con dit ion s wh ich m a i n s i n t h a t p o s i t i o n fo r t h e e n t i r e w o r k -
m a k e n o r m a l c o n v e r s a t i o n d i ffi c u l t . T h e e m - d a y . Wi t h a s o u n d l e v e l m e t e r , t h e m i c r o -
p l o y e r s h o u l d a l s o c o n s i d e r a n y i n fo r m a t i o n p h o n e i s s t a t i o n e d n e a r t h e e m p l o y e e ’s h e a d ,
a v a i l a b l e r e g a r d i n g n o i s e e m i t t e d fr o m s p e - a n d t h e in st r u m en t is u su a lly h eld by a n in -
c i fi c m a c h i n e s . I n a d d i t i o n , a c t u a l w o r k p l a c e d i v i d u a l w h o fo l l o w s t h e e m p l o y e e a s h e o r
n oise m ea su r em en t s ca n su ggest wh et h er or sh e m oves a bou t .
n ot a m on it or in g pr ogr a m sh ou ld be in it i- M a n u fa c t u r e r ’s i n s t r u c t i o n s , c o n t a i n e d i n
a t ed. dosim et er a n d sou n d level m et er oper a t in g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

H OW I S N OI S E M E A S U R E D ? m a n u a l s , s h o u l d b e fo l l o w e d fo r c a l i b r a t i o n

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 § 1910.95
a n d m a in t en a n ce. T o en su r e a ccu r a t e r e-
s u l t s , i t i s c o n s i d e r e d g o o d p r o fe s s i o n a l p r a c -
t i c e t o c a l i b r a t e i n s t r u m e n t s b e fo r e a n d
a ft e r e a c h u s e .
H OW OF T E N I S I T N E CE S S A R Y T O M ON I T OR
N OI S E L E V E L S ?
T h e a m en dm en t r equ ir es t h a t wh en t h er e
a r e s i g n i fi c a n t c h a n g e s i n m a c h i n e r y o r p r o -
du ct ion pr ocesses t h a t m a y r esu lt in in -
cr ea sed n oise levels, r em on it or in g m u st be
con du ct ed t o det er m in e wh et h er a ddit ion a l
em ploy ees n eed t o be in clu ded in t h e h ea r in g
con ser va t ion pr ogr a m . Ma n y com pa n ies
c h o o s e t o r e m o n i t o r p e r i o d i c a l l y (o n c e e v e r y
y ea r or t wo) t o en su r e t h a t a ll exposed em -
ploy ees a r e in clu ded in t h eir h ea r in g con -
ser va t ion pr ogr a m s.
W H E R E CA N E QU I P M E N T A N D T E CH N I CA L A D -
V I CE B E OB T A I N E D ?
Noise m on it or in g equ ipm en t m a y be eit h er
pu r ch a sed or r en t ed. S ou n d level m et er s cost
a b o u t $500 t o $1,000, w h i l e d o s i m e t e r s r a n g e
i n p r i c e fr o m a b o u t $750 t o $1,500. S m a l l e r
c o m p a n i e s m a y fi n d i t m o r e e c o n o m i c a l t o
r en t equ ipm en t r a t h er t h a n t o pu r ch a se it .
N a m e s o f e q u i p m e n t s u p p l i e r s m a y b e fo u n d
i n t h e t e l e p h o n e b o o k (Y e l l o w P a g e s ) u n d e r
h e a d i n g s s u c h a s : ‘‘S a fe t y E q u i p m e n t ,’’ ‘‘I n -
d u s t r i a l H y g i e n e ,’’ o r ‘‘E n g i n e e r s -A c o u s -
t i c a l .’’ I n a d d i t i o n t o p r o v i d i n g i n fo r m a t i o n
on obt a in in g n oise m on it or in g equ ipm en t ,
m a n y com pa n ies a n d in dividu a ls in clu ded
u n d e r s u c h l i s t i n g s c a n p r o v i d e p r o fe s s i o n a l
a dvice on h ow t o con du ct a va lid n oise m on i-
t or in g pr ogr a m . S om e a u diologica l t est in g
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
fi r m s a n d i n d u s t r i a l h y g i e n e fi r m s a l s o p r o -
vide n oise m on it or in g ser vices. Un iver sit ies
wit h a u diology , in du st r ia l h y gien e, or a cou s-
t ica l en gin eer in g depa r t m en t s m a y a lso pr o-
v i d e i n fo r m a t i o n o r m a y b e a b l e t o h e l p e m -
ploy er s m eet t h eir obliga t ion s u n der t h is
a m en dm en t .
F r e e , o n -s i t e a s s i s t a n c e m a y b e o b t a i n e d
fr o m OS H A -s u p p o r t e d s t a t e a n d p r i v a t e c o n -
s u l t a t i o n o r g a n i za t i o n s . T h e s e s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h con su lt a t ive en t it ies gen er a lly give
pr ior it y t o t h e n eeds of sm a ll bu sin esses.
A P P E N D I X H T O § 1910.95—A V A I L A B I L I T Y OF
R E F E R E N CE D D OCU M E N T S
P a r a g r a p h s (c ) t h r o u g h (o ) o f 29 CF R 1910.95
a n d t h e a ccom pa n y in g a ppen dices con t a in
pr ovision s wh ich in cor por a t e pu blica t ion s by
r e fe r e n c e . G e n e r a l l y , t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s p r o -
v i d e c r i t e r i a fo r i n s t r u m e n t s t o b e u s e d i n
m on it or in g a n d a u diom et r ic t est in g. T h ese
cr it er ia a r e in t en ded t o be m a n da t or y wh en
so in dica t ed in t h e a pplica ble pa r a gr a ph s of
§ 1910.95 a n d a p p e n d i c e s .
I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t OS H A d o e s n o t r e -
qu ir e t h a t em ploy er s pu r ch a se a copy of t h e
r e fe r e n c e d p u b l i c a t i o n s . E m p l o y e r s , h o w -
e v e r , m a y d e s i r e t o o b t a i n a c o p y o f t h e r e f-
e r e n c e d p u b l i c a t i o n s fo r t h e i r o w n i n fo r m a -
t ion .
T h e design a t ion of t h e pa r a gr a ph of t h e
s t a n d a r d i n w h i c h t h e r e fe r e n c e d p u b l i c a -
t ion s a ppea r , t h e t it les of t h e pu blica t ion s,
a n d t h e a va ila bilit y of t h e pu blica t ion s a r e
a s fo l l o w s :

Paragraph designation Referenced publication Available from—

Appendix B .........................
Appendix D .........................
§ 1910.95(k)(2), appendix E
Appendix D .........................
‘‘List of Personal Hearing Protectors and
Attenuation Data,’’ HEW Pub. No. 76–
120, 1975. NTIS-PB267461.
‘‘Specification for Sound Level Meters,’’
S1.4–1971 (R1976).
‘‘Specifications for Audiometers,’’ S3.6–
1969.
‘‘Specification for Octave, Half-Octave
and Third-Octave Band Filter Sets,’’
S1.11–1971 (R1976).
National Technical Information Service, Port Royal
Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430
Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430
Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
Back Numbers Department, Dept. STD, American In-
stitute of Physics, 333 E. 45th St., New York, NY
10017; American National Standards Institute, Inc.,
1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.

T h e r e fe r e n c e d p u b l i c a t i o n s (o r a m i c r o -
fi c h e o f t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s ) a r e a v a i l a b l e fo r
r eview a t m a n y u n iver sit ies a n d pu blic li-
br a r ies t h r ou gh ou t t h e cou n t r y . T h ese pu bli-
c a t i o n s m a y a l s o b e e x a m i n e d a t t h e OS H A
T e c h n i c a l D a t a Ce n t e r , R o o m N 2439, U n i t e d
S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , 200 Co n s t i t u -
t i o n A v e n u e , N W., Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20210,
(202) 219–7500 o r a t a n y OS H A R e g i o n a l Offi c e
(s e e t e l e p h o n e d i r e c t o r i e s u n d e r U n i t e d
S t a t e s G o v e r n m e n t —L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t ).
A P P E N D I X I T O § 1910.95—D E F I N I T I ON S
T h e s e d e fi n i t i o n s a p p l y t o t h e fo l l o w i n g
t e r m s a s u s e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (c ) t h r o u g h (n )
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
A c t i o n l e v e l —A n 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r -
a g e o f 85 d e c i b e l s m e a s u r e d o n t h e A -s c a l e ,
slow r espon se, or equ iva len t ly , a dose of
fi ft y p e r c e n t .
A u d i o g r a m —A c h a r t , g r a p h , o r t a b l e r e s u l t -
i n g fr o m a n a u d i o m e t r i c t e s t s h o w i n g a n
i n d i v i d u a l ’s h e a r i n g t h r e s h o l d l e v e l s a s a
fu n c t i o n o f fr e q u e n c y .
A u d i o l o g i s t —A p r o fe s s i o n a l , s p e c i a l i zi n g i n
t h e st u dy a n d r eh a bilit a t ion of h ea r in g,
w h o i s c e r t i fi e d b y t h e A m e r i c a n S p e e c h -
L a n g u a g e -H e a r i n g A s s o c i a t i o n o r l i c e n s e d
by a st a t e boa r d of exa m in er s.
B a s e l i n e a u d i o g r a m —T h e a u d i o g r a m a g a i n s t

o f 29 CF R 1910.95. w h i c h fu t u r e a u d i o g r a m s a r e c o m p a r e d .

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
Cr i t e r i o n s o u n d l e v e l —A s o u n d l e v e l o f 90
decibels.
D e c i b e l (d B )—U n i t o f m e a s u r e m e n t o f s o u n d
level.
H e r t z (H z)—U n i t o f m e a s u r e m e n t o f fr e -
qu en cy , n u m er ica lly equ a l t o cy cles per
secon d.
M e d i c a l p a t h o l o g y —A d i s o r d e r o r d i s e a s e .
F or pu r poses of t h is r egu la t ion , a con di-
t i o n o r d i s e a s e a ffe c t i n g t h e e a r , w h i c h
sh ou ld be t r ea t ed by a ph y sicia n specia list .
N o i s e d o s e —T h e r a t i o , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r -
c e n t a g e , o f (1) t h e t i m e i n t e g r a l , o v e r a
s t a t e d t i m e o r e v e n t , o f t h e 0.6 p o w e r o f t h e
m e a s u r e d S L OW e x p o n e n t i a l t i m e -a v e r -
a g e d , s q u a r e d A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d p r e s s u r e
a n d (2) t h e p r o d u c t o f t h e c r i t e r i o n d u r a -
t i o n (8 h o u r s ) a n d t h e 0.6 p o w e r o f t h e
squ a r ed sou n d pr essu r e cor r espon din g t o
t h e c r i t e r i o n s o u n d l e v e l (90 d B ).
N o i s e d o s i m e t e r —A n i n s t r u m e n t t h a t i n t e -
g r a t e s a fu n c t i o n o f s o u n d p r e s s u r e o v e r a
per iod of t im e in su ch a m a n n er t h a t it di-
r ect ly in dica t es a n oise dose.
Ot o l a r y n g o l o g i s t —A p h y s i c i a n s p e c i a l i zi n g
in dia gn osis a n d t r ea t m en t of disor der s of
t h e ea r , n ose a n d t h r oa t .
R e p r e s e n t a t i v e e x p o s u r e —M e a s u r e m e n t s o f
a n e m p l o y e e ’s n o i s e d o s e o r 8-h o u r t i m e -
weigh t ed a ver a ge sou n d level t h a t t h e em -
ploy er s deem t o be r epr esen t a t ive of t h e
exposu r es of ot h er em ploy ees in t h e wor k -
pla ce.
S o u n d l e v e l —T e n t i m e s t h e c o m m o n l o g a -
r it h m of t h e r a t io of t h e squ a r e of t h e
m e a s u r e d A -w e i g h t e d s o u n d p r e s s u r e t o t h e
s q u a r e o f t h e s t a n d a r d r e fe r e n c e p r e s s u r e
o f 20 m i c r o p a s c a l s . U n i t : d e c i b e l s (d B ). F o r
u s e w i t h t h i s r e g u l a t i o n , S L OW t i m e r e -
s p o n s e , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h A N S I S 1.4–1971
(R 1976), i s r e q u i r e d .
S o u n d l e v e l m e t e r —A n i n s t r u m e n t fo r t h e
m ea su r em en t of sou n d level.
T i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e s o u n d l e v e l —T h a t
s o u n d l e v e l , w h i c h i f c o n s t a n t o v e r a n 8-
h ou r exposu r e, wou ld r esu lt in t h e sa m e
n oise dose a s is m ea su r ed.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 46
F R 4161, J a n . 16, 1981; 46 F R 62845, D e c . 29,
1981; 48 F R 9776, M a r . 8, 1983; 48 F R 29687,
J u n e 28, 1983; 54 F R 24333, J u n e 7, 1989; 61 F R
9236, M a r . 7, 1996; 71 F R 16672, A p r . 3, 2006]
§ 1910.97 Nonionizing radiation.
(a ) E lect rom a gn et ic ra d ia t ion —(1) D ef i-
n it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is p a ra gra p h . (i )
T h e t e r m elect rom a gn et ic ra d ia t ion i s r e -
st r ict ed t o t h a t por t ion of t h e spec-
t r u m c o m m o n l y d e fi n e d a s t h e r a d i o
fr e q u e n c y r e g i o n , w h i c h fo r t h e p u r p o s e
o f t h i s s p e c i fi c a t i o n s h a l l i n c l u d e t h e
m i c r o w a v e fr e q u e n c y r e g i o n .
(i i ) P a rt ia l bod y irra d ia t ion . P e r t a i n s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t o t h e ca se in wh ich pa r t of t h e body is
223
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§ 1910.97
exposed to t he in ciden t elect r o-
m a gn et ic en er gy .
(i i i ) R a d ia t ion p rot ect ion gu id e. R a d i -
a t ion level wh ich sh ou ld n ot be exceed-
e d w i t h o u t c a r e fu l c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e
r e a s o n s fo r d o i n g s o .
(i v ) T h e w o r d ‘‘s y m b o l ’’ a s u s e d i n
t h i s s p e c i fi c a t i o n r e fe r s t o t h e o v e r a l l
design , sh a pe, a n d color in g of t h e r f r a -
d i a t i o n s i g n s h o w n i n fi g u r e G –11.
(v ) W h ole bod y irra d ia t ion . P e r t a i n s t o
t h e ca se in wh ich t h e en t ir e body is ex-
posed t o t h e in ciden t elect r om a gn et ic
en er gy or in wh ich t h e cr oss sect ion of
t h e body is sm a ller t h a n t h e cr oss sec-
t ion of t h e in ciden t r a dia t ion bea m .
(2) R a d ia t ion p rot ect ion gu id e. (i ) F o r
n or m a l en vir on m en t a l con dit ion s a n d
fo r i n c i d e n t e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c e n e r g y o f
fr e q u e n c i e s fr o m 10 M H z t o 100 G H z,
t h e r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n g u i d e i s 10
m W/c m . 2 (m i l l i w a t t p e r s q u a r e c e n t i -
m et er ) a s a ver a ged over a n y possible
0.1-h o u r p e r i o d . T h i s m e a n s t h e fo l -
lowin g:
P o w e r d e n s i t y : 10 m W./c m . 2 fo r p e r i o d s o f 0.1-
h ou r or m or e.
E n e r g y d e n s i t y : 1 m W.-h r ./c m . 2 (m i l l i w a t t
h o u r p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t e r ) d u r i n g a n y 0.1-
h ou r per iod.
T h is gu ide a pplies wh et h er t h e r a di-
a t ion is con t in u ou s or in t er m it t en t .
(i i ) T h e s e fo r m u l a t e d r e c o m m e n d a -
t ion s per t a in t o bot h wh ole body ir r a -
dia t ion a n d pa r t ia l body ir r a dia t ion .
P a r t ia l body ir r a dia t ion m u st be in -
clu ded sin ce it h a s been sh own t h a t
s o m e p a r t s o f t h e h u m a n b o d y (e .g .,
ey es, t est icles) m a y be h a r m ed if ex-
posed t o in ciden t r a dia t ion levels sig-
n i fi c a n t l y i n e x c e s s o f t h e r e c -
om m en ded levels.
(3) W a rn in g sy m bol. (i ) T h e w a r n i n g
s y m b o l fo r r a d i o fr e q u e n c y r a d i a t i o n
h a za r d s s h a l l c o n s i s t o f a r e d i s o s c e l e s
t r ia n gle a bove a n in ver t ed bla ck isos-
celes t r ia n gle, sepa r a t ed a n d ou t lin ed
by a n a lu m in u m color bor der . T h e
w o r d s ‘‘Wa r n i n g —R a d i o -F r e q u e n c y R a -
d i a t i o n H a za r d ’’ s h a l l a p p e a r i n t h e
u p p e r t r i a n g l e . S e e fi g u r e G –11.
(i i ) A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d
S a fe t y Co l o r Co d e fo r M a r k i n g P h y s -
i c a l H a za r d s a n d t h e I d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f
Ce r t a i n E q u i p m e n t , Z 53.1–1953, w h i c h i s
i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d
i n § 1910.6, s h a l l b e u s e d fo r c o l o r s p e c i -
fi c a t i o n . A l l l e t t e r i n g a n d t h e b o r d e r
sh a ll be of a lu m in u m color .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.97 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(i i i ) T h e i n c l u s i o n a n d c h o i c e o f u s e r . I f s u c h i n fo r m a t i o n i s i n c l u d e d i t
w a r n i n g i n fo r m a t i o n o r p r e c a u t i o n a r y sh a ll a ppea r in t h e lower t r ia n gle of
in st r u ct ion s is a t t h e discr et ion of t h e t h e wa r n in g sy m bol.

F I G U R E G –11—R A D I O -F R E QU E N CY R A D I A T I ON H A Z A R D W A R N I N G S Y M B OL
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

224
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(4) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o a l l
r a d i a t i o n s o r i g i n a t i n g fr o m r a d i o s t a -
t ion s, r a da r equ ipm en t , a n d ot h er pos-
sible sou r ces of elect r om a gn et ic r a di-
a t i o n s u c h a s u s e d fo r c o m m u n i c a t i o n ,
r a dio n a viga t ion , a n d in du st r ia l a n d
s c i e n t i fi c p u r p o s e s . T h i s s e c t i o n d o e s
n ot a pply t o t h e deliber a t e exposu r e of
p a t i e n t s b y , o r u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f,
pr a ct it ion er s of t h e h ea lin g a r t s.
(b ) [R e s e r v e d ]
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9236, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.98 Effective dates.
(a ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s S u b p a r t G
s h a l l b e c o m e e ffe c t i v e o n A u g u s t 27,
1971, e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n t h e r e m a i n -
in g pa r a gr a ph s of t h is sect ion .
(b ) T h e fo l l o w i n g p r o v i s i o n s s h a l l b e -
c o m e e ffe c t i v e o n F e b r u a r y 15, 1972:
§ 1910.94 (a )(2)(i i i ), (a )(3), (a )(4), (b ), (c )(2),
(c )(3), (c )(4), (c )(5), (c )(6)(i ), (c )(6)(i i ),
(d )(1)(i i ), (d )(3), (d )(4), (d )(5), a n d (d )(7).
(c ) N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a n y t h i n g i n
p a r a g r a p h (a ), (b ), o r (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
a n y pr ovision in a n y ot h er sect ion of
t h is su bpa r t wh ich con t a in s in it self a
s p e c i fi c e ffe c t i v e d a t e o r t i m e l i m i t a -
t i o n s h a l l b e c o m e e ffe c t i v e o n s u c h
da t e or sh a ll a pply in a ccor da n ce wit h
su ch lim it a t ion .
(d ) N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a n y t h i n g i n
p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , i f a n y
s t a n d a r d i n 41 CF R p a r t 50–204, o t h e r
t h a n a n a t ion a l con sen su s st a n da r d in -
cor por a t ed by r e fe r e n c e in § 50–
204.2(a )(1), i s o r b e c o m e s a p p l i c a b l e a t
a n y t im e t o a n y em ploy m en t a n d pla ce
o f e m p l o y m e n t , b y v i r t u e o f t h e Wa l s h -
H e a l e y P u b l i c Co n t r a c t s A c t , o r t h e
S e r v i c e Co n t r a c t A c t o f 1965, o r t h e N a -
t ion a l F ou n da t ion on Ar t s a n d Hu m a n -
i t i e s A c t o f 1965, a n y c o r r e s p o n d i n g e s -
t a blish ed F eder a l st a n da r d in t h is S u b-
p a r t G w h i c h i s d e r i v e d fr o m 41 CF R
p a r t 50–204 s h a l l a l s o b e c o m e e ffe c t i v e ,
a n d sh a ll be a pplica ble t o su ch em ploy -
m en t a n d pla ce of em ploy m en t , on t h e
sa m e da t e.
Subpart H—Hazardous Materials
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c t i o n s 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u -
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s Or -
d e r s N o s . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R 25059),
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–96 (62
225
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00235 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.102
F R 111), 3–2000 (65 F R 50017), o r 5–2002 (67 F R
65008), a s a p p l i c a b l e ; a n d 29 CF R p a r t 1911.
S e c t i o n s 1910.103, 1910.106 t h r o u g h 1910.111,
a n d 1910.119, 1910.120, a n d 1910.122 t h r o u g h 126
a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r 29 CF R p a r t 1911.
S e c t i o n 1910.119 a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r s e c t i o n
304, Cl e a n A i r A c t A m e n d m e n t s o f 1990 (P u b .
L . 101–549), r e p r i n t e d a t 29 U .S .C. 655 N o t e .
S e c t i o n 1910.120 a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r s e c t i o n
126, S u p e r fu n d A m e n d m e n t s a n d R e a u t h o r -
i za t i o n A c t o f 1986 a s a m e n d e d (29 U .S .C. 655
N o t e ), a n d 5 U .S .C. 553.
§ 1910.101 Compressed gases (general
requirements).
(a ) I n sp ect ion of com p ressed ga s cy l-
in d ers. E a c h e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e t e r m i n e
t h a t com pr essed ga s cy lin der s u n der
h i s c o n t r o l a r e i n a s a fe c o n d i t i o n t o
t h e ext en t t h a t t h is ca n be det er m in ed
by visu a l in spect ion . Visu a l a n d ot h er
in spect ion s sh a ll be con du ct ed a s pr e-
s c r i b e d i n t h e H a za r d o u s M a t e r i a l s
R egu la t ion s of t h e Depa r t m en t of
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (49 CF R p a r t s 171–179
a n d 14 CF R p a r t 103). Wh e r e t h o s e r e g u -
la t ion s a r e n ot a pplica ble, visu a l a n d
ot h er in spect ion s sh a ll be con du ct ed in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o -
c i a t i o n P a m p h l e t s C–6–1968 a n d C–8–
1962, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(b ) Com p ressed ga ses. T h e i n -p l a n t
h a n d l i n g , s t o r a g e , a n d u t i l i za t i o n o f a l l
com pr essed ga ses in cy lin der s, por t a ble
t a n k s, r a il t a n k ca r s, or m ot or veh icle
ca r go t a n k s sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h
Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a t i o n P a m p h l e t
P –1–1965, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(c ) S a f et y relief d ev ices f or com p ressed
ga s con t a in ers. Co m p r e s s e d g a s c y l -
in der s, por t a ble t a n k s, a n d ca r go t a n k s
sh a ll h a ve pr essu r e r elief devices in -
st a lled a n d m a in t a in ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a t i o n P a m -
p h l e t s S –1.1–1963 a n d 1965 a d d e n d a a n d
S –1.2–1963, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9236, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.102 Acetylene.
(a ) Cy lin d ers. T h e i n -p l a n t t r a n s fe r ,
h a n d l i n g , s t o r a g e , a n d u t i l i za t i o n o f
a cet y len e in cy lin der s sh a ll be in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a -
t i o n P a m p h l e t G –1–1966, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.103
(b ) P ip ed sy st em s. T h e p i p e d s y s t e m s
fo r t h e i n p l a n t t r a n s fe r a n d d i s t r i b u -
t ion of a cet y len e sh a ll be design ed, in -
st a lled, m a in t a in ed, a n d oper a t ed in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o -
c i a t i o n P a m p h l e t G –1.3–1959, w h i c h i s
i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d
i n § 1910.6.
(c ) Gen era t ors a n d f illin g cy lin d ers.
P l a n t s fo r t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f a c e t y l e n e
a n d t h e c h a r g i n g (fi l l i n g ) o f a c e t y l e n e
cy lin der s sh a ll be design ed, con -
st r u ct ed, a n d t est ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e s t a n d a r d s p r e s c r i b e d i n Co m p r e s s e d
G a s A s s o c i a t i o n P a m p h l e t G –1.4–1966,
w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9236, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.103 Hydrogen.
(a ) Gen era l—(1) D ef in it ion s. A s u s e d i n
t h i s s e c t i o n (i ) G a s e o u s h y d r o g e n s y s -
t em is on e in wh ich t h e h y dr ogen is de-
liver ed, st or ed a n d disch a r ged in t h e
g a s e o u s fo r m t o c o n s u m e r ’s p i p i n g . T h e
sy st em in clu des st a t ion a r y or m ova ble
c o n t a i n e r s , p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r s , s a fe t y
r elief devices, m a n i fo l d s , in t er -
con n ect in g pipin g a n d con t r ols. T h e
sy st em t er m in a t es a t t h e poin t wh er e
h y d r o g e n a t s e r v i c e p r e s s u r e fi r s t e n -
t e r s t h e c o n s u m e r ’s d i s t r i b u t i o n p i p -
in g.
(i i ) A p p r o v e d —M e a n s , u n l e s s o t h e r -
wise in dica t ed, list ed or a ppr oved by a
n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a -
t o r y . R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f
n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a -
t or y .
(i i i ) L i s t e d —S e e ‘‘a p p r o v e d ’’.
(i v ) A S M E —A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f M e -
ch a n ica l E n gin eer s.
(v ) D OT S p e c i fi c a t i o n s —R e g u l a t i o n s
of t h e Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion
p u b l i s h e d i n 49 CF R Ch a p t e r I .
(v i ) D OT r e g u l a t i o n s —S e e § 1910.103
(a )(1)(v ).
(2) S cop e—(i ) Ga seou s h y d rogen sy s-
t em s. (a ) P a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
a pplies t o t h e in st a lla t ion of ga seou s
h y dr ogen sy st em s on con su m er pr em -
ises wh er e t h e h y dr ogen su pply t o t h e
con su m er pr em ises or igin a t es ou t side
t h e con su m er pr em ises a n d is deliver ed
by m obile equ ipm en t .
(b) P a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n d o e s
n ot a pply t o ga seou s h y dr ogen sy st em s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h a vin g a t ot a l h y dr ogen con t en t of less
226
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t h a n 400 c u b i c fe e t , n o r t o h y d r o g e n
m a n u fa c t u r i n g p l a n t s o r o t h e r e s t a b -
lish m en t s oper a t ed by t h e h y dr ogen
s u p p l i e r o r h i s a g e n t fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f
s t o r i n g h y d r o g e n a n d r e fi l l i n g p o r t a b l e
con t a in er s, t r a iler s, m obile su pply
t r u ck s, or t a n k ca r s.
(i i ) L iqu ef ied h y d rogen sy st em s. (a )
P a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o
t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n
sy st em s on con su m er pr em ises.
(b) P a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n d o e s
n o t a p p l y t o l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n p o r t -
a b l e c o n t a i n e r s o f l e s s t h a n 150 l i t e r s
(39.63 g a l l o n s ) c a p a c i t y ; n o r t o l i q u e fi e d
h y d r o g e n m a n u fa c t u r i n g p l a n t s o r
ot h er est a blish m en t s oper a t ed by t h e
h y d r o g e n s u p p l i e r o r h i s a g e n t fo r t h e
s o l e p u r p o s e o f s t o r i n g l i q u e fi e d h y d r o -
g e n a n d r e fi l l i n g p o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s ,
t r a iler s, m obile su pply t r u ck s, or t a n k
ca r s.
(b ) Ga seou s h y d rogen sy st em s—(1) D e-
sign —(i ) Con t a in ers. (a ) H y d r o g e n c o n -
t a in er s sh a ll com ply wit h on e of t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(1) D e s i g n e d , c o n s t r u c t e d , a n d t e s t e d
in a ccor da n ce wit h a ppr opr ia t e r equ ir e-
m en t s of AS ME Boiler a n d P r essu r e
V e s s e l Co d e , S e c t i o n V I I I —U n fi r e d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s —1968, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(2) D e s i g n e d , c o n s t r u c t e d , t e s t e d a n d
m a i n t a i n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h U .S .
Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion S peci-
fi c a t i o n s a n d R e g u l a t i o n s .
(b) P e r m a n e n t l y i n s t a l l e d c o n t a i n e r s
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h su bst a n t ia l n on -
c o m b u s t i b l e s u p p o r t s o n fi r m n o n -
c o m b u s t i b l e fo u n d a t i o n s .
(c) E a c h p o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e
l e g i b l y m a r k e d w i t h t h e n a m e ‘‘H y d r o -
g e n ’’ i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h ‘‘M a r k i n g
P o r t a b l e Co m p r e s s e d G a s Co n t a i n e r s t o
I d e n t i fy t h e M a t e r i a l Co n t a i n e d ’’ A N S I
Z 48.1—1954, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6. E a c h
m a n i fo l d e d h y d r o g e n s u p p l y u n i t s h a l l
be legibly m a r k ed wit h t h e n a m e Hy -
d r o g e n o r a l e g e n d s u c h a s ‘‘T h i s u n i t
c o n t a i n s h y d r o g e n .’’
(i i ) S a f et y relief d ev ices. (a ) H y d r o g e n
c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe -
t y r elief devices a s r equ ir ed by t h e
A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e ,
S e c t i o n V I I I U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s ,
1968 o r t h e D OT S p e c i fi c a t i o n s a n d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.103

R egu la t ion s u n der wh ich t h e con t a in er as fo l l o w s : ‘‘H Y D R OG E N —F L A M -

i s fa b r i c a t e d . MABL E G A S —N O S M OK I N G —N O
(b) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l b e a r - OP E N F L A M E S ,’’ o r e q u i v a l e n t .
r a n ged t o disch a r ge u pwa r d a n d u n ob- (v i ) T est in g. A ft e r i n s t a l l a t i o n s , a l l
st r u ct ed t o t h e open a ir in su ch a m a n - p i p i n g , t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e
n er a s t o pr even t a n y im pin gem en t of t est ed a n d pr oved h y dr ogen ga s t igh t
esca pin g ga s u pon t h e con t a in er , a dja - a t m a xim u m oper a t in g pr essu r e.
cen t st r u ct u r e or per son n el. T h is r e- (2) L oca t ion —(i ) Gen era l. (a ) T h e s y s -
q u i r e m e n t d o e s n o t a p p l y t o D OT S p e c - t em sh a ll be loca t ed so t h a t it is r ea d-
i fi c a t i o n c o n t a i n e r s h a v i n g a n i n t e r n a l ily a ccessible t o deliver y equ ipm en t
v o l u m e o f 2 c u b i c fe e t o r l e s s . a n d t o a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n n e l .
(c) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s o r v e n t p i p - (b) S y s t e m s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a b o v e
in g sh a ll be design ed or loca t ed so t h a t
gr ou n d.
m o i s t u r e c a n n o t c o l l e c t a n d fr e e ze i n a
m a n n e r w h i c h w o u l d i n t e r fe r e w i t h (c) S y s t e m s s h a l l n o t b e l o c a t e d b e -
pr oper oper a t ion of t h e device. n ea t h elect r ic power lin es.
(i i i ) P ip in g, t u bin g, a n d f it t in gs. (a ) (d ) S y s t e m s s h a l l n o t b e l o c a t e d c l o s e
P i p i n g , t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e t o fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d p i p i n g o r p i p i n g o f
s u i t a b l e fo r h y d r o g e n s e r v i c e a n d fo r o t h e r fl a m m a b l e g a s e s .
t h e pr essu r es a n d t em per a t u r es in - (e) S y s t e m s n e a r a b o v e g r o u n d fl a m -
v o l v e d . Ca s t i r o n p i p e a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l m a ble liqu id st or a ge sh a ll be loca t ed
n ot be u sed. o n g r o u n d h i g h e r t h a n t h e fl a m m a b l e
(b) P i p i n g a n d t u b i n g s h a l l c o n fo r m liqu id st or a ge except wh en dik es, di-
t o S e c t i o n 2—‘‘I n d u s t r i a l G a s a n d A i r ver sion cu r bs, gr a din g, or sepa r a t in g
P i p i n g ’’—Co d e fo r P r e s s u r e P i p i n g , solid wa lls a r e u sed t o pr even t a ccu m u -
A N S I B 31.1–1967 w i t h a d d e n d a B 31.1– l a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s u n d e r t h e
1969, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e sy st em .
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6. (i i ) S p ecif ic requ irem en t s. (a ) T h e l o c a -
(c) J o i n t s i n p i p i n g a n d t u b i n g m a y t ion of a sy st em , a s det er m in ed by t h e
b e m a d e b y w e l d i n g o r b r a zi n g o r b y m a xim u m t ot a l con t a in ed volu m e of
u s e o f fl a n g e d , t h r e a d e d , s o c k e t , o r h y d r o g e n , s h a l l b e i n t h e o r d e r o f p r e f-
com pr ession fi t t i n g s . G a s k e t s a n d er en ce a s in dica t ed by R om a n n u m er -
t h r e a d s e a l a n t s s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r a l s i n T a b l e H –1.
h y dr ogen ser vice.
(i v ) E qu ip m en t a ssem bly . (a ) V a l v e s , TABLE H–1
ga u ges, r egu la t or s, a n d ot h er a cces-
Size of hydrogen system
s o r i e s s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r h y d r o g e n
ser vice. Nature of location Less than 3,000 CF In excess
(b) I n s t a l l a t i o n o f h y d r o g e n s y s t e m s to 15,000 of 15,000
3,000 CF CF CF
s h a l l b e s u p e r v i s e d b y p e r s o n n e l fa m i l -
i a r w i t h p r o p e r p r a c t i c e s w i t h r e f- Outdoors .................... I ............... IDI..
er en ce t o t h eir con st r u ct ion a n d u se. In a separate building II .............. II .............. II.
(c) S t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s , p i p i n g , v a l v e s , In a special room ...... III ............. III ............. Not per-
mitted.
r egu la t in g equ ipm en t , a n d ot h er a cces- Inside buildings not in IV ............. Not per- Not per-
sor ies sh a ll be r ea dily a ccessible, a n d a special room and mitted. mitted.
sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st ph y sica l exposed to other
da m a ge a n d a ga in st t a m per in g. occupancies.
(d ) Ca b i n e t s o r h o u s i n g s c o n t a i n i n g
h y dr ogen con t r ol or oper a t in g equ ip- (b) T h e m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e i n fe e t
m en t sh a ll be a dequ a t ely ven t ila t ed. fr o m a h y d r o g e n s y s t e m o f i n d i c a t e d
(e) E a c h m o b i l e h y d r o g e n s u p p l y u n i t ca pa cit y loca t ed ou t door s, in sepa r a t e
u sed a s pa r t of a h y dr ogen sy st em sh a ll bu ildin gs or in specia l r oom s t o a n y
be a dequ a t ely secu r ed t o pr even t m ove- s p e c i fi e d o u t d o o r e x p o s u r e s h a l l b e i n
m en t . a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –2.
(f ) M o b i l e h y d r o g e n s u p p l y u n i t s (c) T h e d i s t a n c e s i n T a b l e H –2 I t e m s
sh a ll be elect r ica lly bon ded t o t h e sy s- 1 a n d 3 t o 10 i n c l u s i v e d o n o t a p p l y
t e m b e fo r e d i s c h a r g i n g h y d r o g e n . wh er e pr ot ect ive st r u ct u r es su ch a s
(v ) M a rk in g. T h e h y d r o g e n s t o r a g e l o - a d e q u a t e fi r e w a l l s a r e l o c a t e d b e t w e e n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

ca t ion sh a ll be per m a n en t ly pla ca r ded t h e sy st em a n d t h e exposu r e.

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 § 1910.103 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

TABLE H–2
Type of outdoor exposure Size of hydrogen system

3,000 CF In excess
Less than to 15,000 of 15,000
3,000 CF CF CF

1. Building or structure ............................... Wood frame construction 1 ........................ 10 25 50

Heavy timber, noncombustible or ordinary 0 10 2 25

construction 1.
Fire-resistive construction 1 ........................ 0 0 0
2. Wall openings ......................................... Not above any part of a system ................ 10 10 10
Above any part of a system ...................... 25 25 25
3. Flammable liquids above ground. .......... 0 to 1,000 gallons ...................................... 10 25 25
In excess of 1,000 gallons ......................... 25 50 50
4. Flammable liquids below ground—0 to Tank ........................................................... 10 10 10
1,000 gallons. Vent or fill opening of tank ........................ 25 25 25
5. Flammable liquids below ground—in ex- Tank ........................................................... 20 20 20
cess of 1,000 gallons.. Vent or fill opening of tank ........................ 25 25 25
6. Flammable gas storage, either high 0 to 15,000 CF capacity ............................ 10 25 25
pressure or low pressure.. In excess of 15,000 CF capacity ............... 25 50 50
7. Oxygen storage ...................................... 12,000 CF or less 4 .................................... .................. .................. ..................
More than 12,000 CF 5 .............................. .................. .................. ..................
8. Fast burning solids such as ordinary lumber, excelsior or paper .................................. 50 50 50
9. Slow burning solids such as heavy timber or coal ......................................................... 25 25 25
10. Open flames and other sources of ignition ................................................................... 25 25 25
11. Air compressor intakes or inlets to ventilating or air-conditioning equipment .............. 50 50 50
12. Concentration of people 3 .............................................................................................. 25 50 50
1 Refer to NFPA No. 220 Standard Types of Building Construction for definitions of various types of construction. (1969 Ed.)
2 But not less than one-half the height of adjacent side wall of the structure.
3 Incongested areas such as offices, lunchrooms, locker rooms, time-clock areas.
4 Refer to NFPA No. 51, gas systems for welding and cutting (1969).
5 Refer to NFPA No. 566, bulk oxygen systems at consumer sites (1969).

(d ) H y d r o g e n s y s t e m s o f l e s s t h a n
3,000 CF w h e n l o c a t e d i n s i d e b u i l d i n g s
a n d exposed t o ot h er occu pa n cies sh a ll
be sit u a t ed in t h e bu ildin g so t h a t t h e
s y s t e m w i l l b e a s fo l l o w s :
(1) I n a n a d e q u a t e l y v e n t i l a t e d a r e a
a s i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(3)(i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(2) T w e n t y fe e t fr o m s t o r e d fl a m -
m a b l e m a t e r i a l s o r o x i d i zi n g g a s e s .
(3) T w e n t y -fi v e fe e t fr o m open
fl a m e s , o r d i n a r y e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t
or ot h er sou r ces of ign it ion .
(4) T w e n t y -fi v e fe e t fr o m c o n c e n t r a -
t ion s of people.
(5) F i ft y fe e t fr o m i n t a k e s o f v e n t i l a -
t i o n o r a i r -c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d
a ir com pr essor s.
(6) F i ft y fe e t fr o m o t h e r fl a m m a b l e
ga s st or a ge.
(7) P r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t d a m a g e o r i n -
j u r y d u e t o fa l l i n g o b j e c t s o r w o r k i n g
a ct ivit y in t h e a r ea .
(8) M o r e t h a n o n e s y s t e m o f 3,000 CF
or less m a y be in st a lled in t h e sa m e
r oom , pr ovided t h e sy st em s a r e sepa -
r a t e d b y a t l e a s t 50 fe e t . E a c h s u c h s y s -
t em sh a ll m eet a ll of t h e r equ ir em en t s
of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(3) D esign con sid era t ion a t sp ecif ic loca -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p r o t e c t i v e w a l l s o r r o o fs a r e p r o v i d e d ,
t h ey sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of n on -
com bu st ible m a t er ia ls.
(b) Wh e r e t h e e n c l o s i n g s i d e s a d j o i n
ea ch ot h er , t h e a r ea sh a ll be pr oper ly
ven t ila t ed.
(c) E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t w i t h i n 15
fe e t s h a l l b e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u b -
pa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(i i ) S ep a ra t e bu ild in gs. (a ) S e p a r a t e
bu ildin gs sh a ll be bu ilt of a t lea st n on -
com bu st ible con st r u ct ion . Wi n d o w s
a n d door s sh a ll be loca t ed so a s t o be
r ea dily a ccessible in ca se of em er -
g e n c y . Wi n d o w s s h a l l b e o f g l a s s o r
p l a s t i c i n m e t a l fr a m e s .
(b) A d e q u a t e v e n t i l a t i o n t o t h e o u t -
door s sh a ll be pr ovided. In let open in gs
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d n e a r t h e fl o o r i n e x t e -
r i o r w a l l s o n l y . Ou t l e t o p e n i n g s s h a l l
be loca t ed a t t h e h igh poin t of t h e
r o o m i n e x t e r i o r w a l l s o r r o o f. I n l e t
a n d ou t let open in gs sh a ll ea ch h a ve
m i n i m u m t o t a l a r e a o f o n e (1) s q u a r e
fo o t p e r 1,000 c u b i c fe e t o f r o o m v o l -
u m e . D i s c h a r g e fr o m o u t l e t o p e n i n g s
s h a l l b e d i r e c t e d o r c o n d u c t e d t o a s a fe
loca t ion .
(c) E x p l o s i o n v e n t i n g s h a l l b e p r o -
vided in ext er ior wa lls or r oof on ly .

t ion s—(i ) O u t d oor loca t ion s. (a ) Wh e r e T h e ven t in g a r ea sh a ll be equ a l t o n ot

228

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
l e s s t h a n 1 s q u a r e fo o t p e r 30 c u b i c fe e t
of r oom volu m e a n d m a y con sist of a n y
o n e o r a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e fo l -
l o w i n g : Wa l l s o f l i g h t , n o n c o m b u s t i b l e
m a t e r i a l , p r e fe r a b l y s i n g l e t h i c k n e s s ,
s i n g l e s t r e n g t h g l a s s ; l i g h t l y fa s t e n e d
h a t c h c o v e r s ; l i g h t l y fa s t e n e d s w i n g i n g
door s in ext er ior wa lls open in g ou t -
w a r d ; l i g h t l y fa s t e n e d w a l l s o r r o o f d e -
sign ed t o r elieve a t a m a xim u m pr es-
s u r e o f 25 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
(d ) T h e r e s h a l l b e n o s o u r c e s o f i g n i -
t i o n fr o m o p e n fl a m e s , e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m en t , or h ea t in g equ ipm en t .
(e) E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e i n
a ccor da n ce wit h su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t
fo r Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n 2 l o c a t i o n s .
(f ) H e a t i n g , i f p r o v i d e d , s h a l l b e b y
st ea m , h ot wa t er , or ot h er in dir ect
m ea n s.
(i i i ) S p ecia l room s. (a ) F l o o r , w a l l s ,
a n d c e i l i n g s h a l l h a v e a fi r e -r e s i s t a n c e
r a t i n g o f a t l e a s t 2 h o u r s . Wa l l s o r p a r -
t i t i o n s s h a l l b e c o n t i n u o u s fr o m fl o o r
t o ceilin g a n d sh a ll be secu r ely a n -
ch or ed. At lea st on e wa ll sh a ll be a n
e x t e r i o r w a l l . Op e n i n g s t o o t h e r p a r t s
of t h e bu ildin g sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed.
Wi n d o w s a n d d o o r s s h a l l b e i n e x t e r i o r
wa lls a n d sh a ll be loca t ed so a s t o be
r ea dily a ccessible in ca se of em er -
g e n c y . Wi n d o w s s h a l l b e o f g l a s s o r
p l a s t i c i n m e t a l fr a m e s .
(b) V e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e a s p r o v i d e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(3)(i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(c) E x p l o s i o n v e n t i n g s h a l l b e a s p r o -
v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(3)(i i )(c) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(d ) T h e r e s h a l l b e n o s o u r c e s o f i g n i -
t i o n fr o m o p e n fl a m e s , e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m en t , or h ea t in g equ ipm en t .
(e) E l e c t r i c e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e i n a c -
cor da n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of su b-
p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t fo r Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n
2 loca t ion s.
(f ) H e a t i n g , i f p r o v i d e d , s h a l l b e b y
st ea m , h ot wa t er , or in dir ect m ea n s.
(4) O p era t in g in st ru ct ion s. F o r i n s t a l -
la t ion s wh ich r equ ir e a n y oper a t ion of
equ ipm en t by t h e u ser , legible in st r u c-
t ion s sh a ll be m a in t a in ed a t oper a t in g
loca t ion s.
(5) M a in t en a n ce. T h e e q u i p m e n t a n d
fu n c t i o n i n g o f e a c h c h a r g e d g a s e o u s
h y dr ogen sy st em sh a ll be m a in t a in ed
i n a s a fe o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sec-
t i o n . T h e a r e a w i t h i n 15 fe e t o f a n y h y -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
d r o g e n c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e k e p t fr e e o f
229
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00239 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.103
dr y veget a t ion a n d com bu st ible m a t e-
r ia l.
(c ) L iqu ef ied h y d rogen sy st em s—(1) D e-
sign —(i ) Con t a in ers. (a ) H y d r o g e n c o n -
t a i n e r s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e fo l -
lowin g: S t or a ge con t a in er s sh a ll be de-
sign ed, con st r u ct ed, a n d t est ed in a c-
cor da n ce wit h a ppr opr ia t e r equ ir e-
m en t s of t h e AS ME Boiler a n d P r es-
s u r e V e s s e l Co d e , S e c t i o n V I I I —U n fi r e d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s (1968) o r a p p l i c a b l e
p r o v i s i o n s o f A P I S t a n d a r d 620, R e c -
o m m e n d e d R u l e s fo r D e s i g n a n d Co n -
s t r u c t i o n o f L a r g e , We l d e d , L o w -P r e s -
su r e S t or a ge T a n k s, S econ d E dit ion
(J u n e 1963) a n d a p p e n d i x R (A p r i l 1965),
w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(b) P o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed, con st r u ct ed a n d t est ed in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT S p e c i fi c a t i o n s a n d
R egu la t ion s.
(i i ) S u p p ort s. P e r m a n e n t l y i n s t a l l e d
con t a in er s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h su b-
st a n t ia l n on com bu st ible su ppor t s se-
c u r e l y a n c h o r e d o n fi r m n o n c o m b u s -
t i b l e fo u n d a t i o n s . S t e e l s u p p o r t s i n e x -
c e s s o f 18 i n c h e s i n h e i g h t s h a l l b e p r o -
t ect ed wit h a pr ot ect ive coa t in g h a vin g
a 2-h o u r fi r e -r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g .
(i i i ) M a rk in g. E a c h c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e
l e g i b l y m a r k e d t o i n d i c a t e ‘‘L I QU E -
F IE D H Y D R OG E N —F L A M M A B L E
G A S .’’
(i v ) S a f et y relief d ev ices. (a )(1) S t a -
t i o n a r y l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n t a i n e r s
s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
v i c e s s i ze d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h CG A
P a m p h l e t S –1, P a r t 3, S a fe t y R e l i e f D e -
v i c e S t a n d a r d s fo r Co m p r e s s e d G a s
S t o r a g e Co n t a i n e r s , w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(2) P o r t a b l e l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n -
t a i n e r s c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e U .S . D e -
pa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion R egu la -
t i o n s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe t y r e -
l i e f d e v i c e s a s r e q u i r e d i n t h e U .S . D e -
p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n S p e c i fi c a -
t i o n s a n d R e g u l a t i o n s . S a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
v i c e s s h a l l b e s i ze d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f CG A P a m p h l e t S –
1, S a fe t y R e l i e f D e v i c e S t a n d a r d s , P a r t
1, Co m p r e s s e d G a s Cy l i n d e r s a n d P a r t
2, Ca r g o a n d P o r t a b l e T a n k Co n t a i n e r s .
(b) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l b e a r -
r a n ged t o disch a r ge u n obst r u ct ed t o
t h e ou t door s a n d in su ch a m a n n er a s
t o pr even t im pin gem en t of esca pin g
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.103
liqu id or ga s u pon t h e con t a in er , a dja -
cen t st r u ct u r es or per son n el. S ee pa r a -
g r a p h (c )(2)(i )(f ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n fo r
v e n t i n g o f s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s i n s p e -
cia l loca t ion s.
(c) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s o r v e n t p i p -
in g sh a ll be design ed or loca t ed so t h a t
m o i s t u r e c a n n o t c o l l e c t a n d fr e e ze i n a
m a n n e r w h i c h w o u l d i n t e r fe r e w i t h
pr oper oper a t ion of t h e device.
(d ) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d i n p i p i n g w h e r e v e r l i q u e fi e d h y -
dr ogen cou ld be t r a pped bet ween clo-
su r es.
(v ) P ip in g, t u bin g, a n d f it t in gs. (a ) P i p -
i n g , t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s a n d g a s k e t a n d
t h r e a d s e a l a n t s s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r
h y dr ogen ser vice a t t h e pr essu r es a n d
t e m p e r a t u r e s i n v o l v e d . Co n s i d e r a t i o n
sh a ll be given t o t h e t h er m a l expa n sion
a n d con t r a ct ion of pipin g sy st em s
w h e n e x p o s e d t o t e m p e r a t u r e fl u c t u a -
t i o n s o f a m b i e n t t o l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n
t em per a t u r es.
(b) G a s e o u s h y d r o g e n p i p i n g a n d t u b -
i n g (a b o v e ¥20 °F .) s h a l l c o n fo r m t o
t h e a pplica ble sect ion s of P r essu r e P ip-
i n g S e c t i o n 2—I n d u s t r i a l G a s a n d A i r
P i p i n g , A N S I B 31.1–1967 w i t h a d d e n d a
B 31.1–1969. D e s i g n o f l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n
o r c o l d (¥20 °F . o r b e l o w ) g a s p i p i n g
s h a l l u s e P e t r o l e u m R e fi n e r y P i p i n g
A N S I B 31.3–1966 o r R e fr i g e r a t i o n P i p -
i n g A N S I B 31.5–1966 w i t h a d d e n d a
B 31.5a –1968 a s a g u i d e , w h i c h a r e i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(c) J o i n t s i n p i p i n g a n d t u b i n g s h a l l
p r e fe r a b l y b e m a d e b y w e l d i n g o r b r a z-
i n g ; fl a n g e d , t h r e a d e d , s o c k e t , o r s u i t -
a b l e c o m p r e s s i o n fi t t i n g s m a y b e u s e d .
(d ) M e a n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o m i n i -
m i ze e x p o s u r e o f p e r s o n n e l t o p i p i n g
oper a t in g a t low t em per a t u r es a n d t o
p r e v e n t a i r c o n d e n s a t e fr o m c o n t a c t i n g
pipin g, st r u ct u r a l m em ber s, a n d su r -
fa c e s n o t s u i t a b l e fo r c r y o g e n i c t e m -
p e r a t u r e s . On l y t h o s e i n s u l a t i n g m a t e -
r ia ls wh ich a r e r a t ed n on bu r n in g in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h A S T M P r o c e d u r e s D 1692–
68, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, m a y b e u s e d .
Ot h e r p r o t e c t i v e m e a n s m a y b e u s e d t o
pr ot ect per son n el. T h e in su la t ion sh a ll
b e d e s i g n e d t o h a v e a v a p o r -t i g h t s e a l
in t h e ou t er cover in g t o pr even t t h e
con den sa t ion of a ir a n d su bsequ en t ox-
y gen en r ich m en t wit h in t h e in su la t ion .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
T h e in su la t ion m a t er ia l a n d ou t side
230
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
sh ield sh a ll a lso be of a dequ a t e design
t o pr even t a t t r it ion of t h e in su la t ion
du e t o n or m a l oper a t in g con dit ion s.
(e) U n i n s u l a t e d p i p i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t
w h i c h o p e r a t e a t l i q u e fi e d -h y d r o g e n
t em per a t u r e sh a ll n ot be in st a lled
a b o v e a s p h a l t s u r fa c e s o r o t h e r c o m -
bu st ible m a t er ia ls in or der t o pr even t
con t a ct of liqu id a ir wit h su ch m a t e-
r ia ls. Dr ip pa n s m a y be in st a lled u n der
u n in su la t ed pipin g a n d equ ipm en t t o
r e t a i n a n d v a p o r i ze c o n d e n s e d l i q u i d
a ir .
(v i ) E qu ip m en t a ssem bly . (a ) V a l v e s ,
ga u ges, r egu la t or s, a n d ot h er a cces-
s o r i e s s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r l i q u e fi e d h y -
d r o g e n s e r v i c e a n d fo r t h e p r e s s u r e s
a n d t em per a t u r es in volved.
(b) I n s t a l l a t i o n o f l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n
sy st em s sh a ll be su per vised by per -
s o n n e l fa m i l i a r w i t h p r o p e r p r a c t i c e s
a n d w i t h r e fe r e n c e t o t h e i r c o n s t r u c -
t ion a n d u se.
(c) S t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s , p i p i n g , v a l v e s ,
r egu la t in g equ ipm en t , a n d ot h er a cces-
sor ies sh a ll be r ea dily a ccessible a n d
sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st ph y sica l
da m a ge a n d a ga in st t a m per in g. A sh u t -
o ff v a l v e s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n l i q u i d
pr odu ct wit h dr a wa l lin es a s close t o
t h e c o n t a i n e r a s p r a c t i c a l . On c o n -
t a i n e r s o f o v e r 2,000 g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y ,
t h i s s h u t o ff v a l v e s h a l l b e o f t h e r e -
m ot e con t r ol t y pe wit h n o con n ect ion s,
fl a n g e s , o r o t h e r a p p u r t e n a n c e s (o t h e r
t h a n a w e l d e d m a n u a l s h u t o ff v a l v e ) a l -
l o w e d i n t h e p i p i n g b e t w e e n t h e s h u t o ff
va lve a n d it s con n ect ion t o t h e in n er
con t a in er .
(d ) Ca b i n e t s o r h o u s i n g s c o n t a i n i n g
h y dr ogen con t r ol equ ipm en t sh a ll be
ven t ila t ed t o pr even t a n y a ccu m u la -
t ion of h y dr ogen ga s.
(v i i ) T est in g. (a ) A ft e r i n s t a l l a t i o n ,
a l l fi e l d -e r e c t e d p i p i n g s h a l l b e t e s t e d
a n d p r o v e d h y d r o g e n g a s -t i g h t a t o p e r -
a t in g pr essu r e a n d t em per a t u r e.
(b) Co n t a i n e r s i f o u t o f s e r v i c e i n e x -
cess of 1 y ea r sh a ll be in spect ed a n d
t e s t e d a s o u t l i n e d i n (a ) o f t h i s s u b d i v i -
s i o n . T h e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l b e
ch eck ed t o det er m in e if t h ey a r e oper -
a ble a n d pr oper ly set .
(v i i i ) L iqu ef ied h y d rogen v a p oriz ers. (a )
T h e v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e a n c h o r e d a n d i t s
c o n n e c t i n g p i p i n g s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t l y
fl e x i b l e t o p r o v i d e fo r t h e e ffe c t o f e x -
pa n sion a n d con t r a ct ion du e t o t em -
per a t u r e ch a n ges.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b) T h e v a p o r i ze r a n d i t s p i p i n g s h a l l
be a dequ a t ely pr ot ect ed on t h e h y dr o-
gen a n d h ea t in g m edia sect ion s wit h
s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s .
(c) H e a t u s e d i n a l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n
v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e i n d i r e c t l y s u p p l i e d
u t i l i zi n g m e d i a s u c h a s a i r , s t e a m ,
wa t er , or wa t er solu t ion s.
(d ) A l o w t e m p e r a t u r e s h u t o ff s w i t c h
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e v a p o r i ze r d i s -
c h a r g e p i p i n g t o p r e v e n t fl o w o f l i q u e -
fi e d h y d r o g e n i n t h e e v e n t o f t h e l o s s o f
t h e h ea t sou r ce.
(i x ) E lect rica l sy st em s. (a ) E l e c t r i c a l
wir in g a n d equ ipm en t loca t ed wit h in 3
fe e t o f a p o i n t w h e r e c o n n e c t i o n s a r e
r egu la r ly m a de a n d discon n ect ed, sh a ll
be in a ccor da n ce wit h su bpa r t S of t h is
p a r t , fo r Cl a s s I , G r o u p B , D i v i s i o n 1 l o -
ca t ion s.
(b) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n (a ) o f t h i s
su bdivision , elect r ica l wir in g, a n d
e q u i p m e n t l o c a t e d w i t h i n 25 fe e t o f a
poin t wh er e con n ect ion s a r e r egu la r ly
m a d e a n d d i s c o n n e c t e d o r w i t h i n 25
fe e t o f a l i q u i d h y d r o g e n s t o r a g e c o n -
t a in er , sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h su b-
p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t , fo r Cl a s s I , G r o u p B ,
D i v i s i o n 2 l o c a t i o n s . Wh e n e q u i p m e n t
a ppr oved fo r cla ss I, gr ou p B p l a c a r d e d a s fo l l o w s : ‘‘L i q u e fi e d H y d r o -
a t m osph er es is n ot com m er cia lly a va il-
a ble, t h e equ ipm en t m a y be—
(1) P u r g e d o r v e n t i l a t e d i n a c c o r d -
a n c e w i t h N F P A N o . 496–1967, S t a n d a r d
fo r P u r g e d E n c l o s u r e s fo r E l e c t r i c a l
E q u i p m e n t i n H a za r d o u s L o c a t i o n s ,
(2) I n t r i n s i c a l l y s a fe , o r
(3) A p p r o v e d fo r Cl a s s I , G r o u p C
a t m osph er es. T h is r equ ir em en t does
n ot a pply t o elect r ica l equ ipm en t
wh ich is in st a lled on m obile su pply
t r u c k s o r t a n k c a r s fr o m w h i c h t h e
s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r i s fi l l e d .
(x ) B on d in g a n d grou n d in g. T h e l i q u e -
fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n t a i n e r a n d a s s o c i a t e d
pipin g sh a ll be elect r ica lly bon ded a n d
gr ou n ded.
(2) L oca t ion of liqu ef ied h y d rogen st or-
a ge—(i ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (a ) T h e
st or a ge con t a in er s sh a ll be loca t ed so
TABLE H–3—MAXIMUM TOTAL QUANTITY OF LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN STORAGE PERMITTED
Nature of location
Outdoors .................................................................
In a separate building .............................................
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
In a special room ....................................................
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00241
§ 1910.103
t h a t t h ey a r e r ea dily a ccessible t o m o-
bile su pply equ ipm en t a t gr ou n d level
a n d t o a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n n e l .
(b) T h e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l n o t b e e x -
p o s e d b y e l e c t r i c p o w e r l i n e s , fl a m -
m a b l e l i q u i d l i n e s , fl a m m a b l e g a s l i n e s ,
o r l i n e s c a r r y i n g o x i d i zi n g m a t e r i a l s .
(c) Wh e n l o c a t i n g l i q u i fi e d h y d r o g e n
s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s n e a r a b o v e -g r o u n d
fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s t o r a g e o r l i q u i d o x y -
gen st or a ge, it is a dvisa ble t o loca t e
t h e l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n t a i n e r o n
g r o u n d h i g h e r t h a n fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d
st or a ge or liqu id oxy gen st or a ge.
(d ) Wh e r e i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o l o c a t e
t h e l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n t a i n e r o n
gr ou n d t h a t is level wit h or lower t h a n
a d j a c e n t fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s t o r a g e o r
liqu id oxy gen st or a ge, su it a ble pr ot ec-
t i v e m e a n s s h a l l b e t a k e n (s u c h a s b y
d i k i n g , d i v e r s i o n c u r b s , g r a d i n g ), w i t h
r e s p e c t t o t h e a d j a c e n t fl a m m a b l e l i q -
u id st or a ge or liqu id oxy gen st or a ge, t o
pr even t a ccu m u la t ion of liqu ids wit h in
50 fe e t o f t h e l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n -
t a in er .
(e) S t o r a g e s i t e s s h a l l b e fe n c e d a n d
post ed t o pr even t en t r a n ce by u n a u -
t h o r i ze d p e r s o n n e l . S i t e s s h a l l a l s o b e
g e n —F l a m m a b l e G a s —N o S m o k i n g —
N o Op e n F l a m e s .’’
(f ) I f l i q u i fi e d h y d r o g e n i s l o c a t e d i n
(a s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e H –3) a s e p a r a t e
bu ildin g, in a specia l r oom , or in side
bu ildin gs wh en n ot in a specia l r oom
a n d exposed t o ot h er occu pa n cies, con -
t a i n e r s s h a l l h a v e t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
vices ven t ed u n obst r u ct ed t o t h e ou t -
d o o r s a t a m i n i m u m e l e v a t i o n o f 25 fe e t
a b o v e g r a d e t o a s a fe l o c a t i o n a s r e -
q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)(i v )(b) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(i i ) S p ecif ic requ irem en t s. (a ) T h e l o c a -
t i o n o f l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n s t o r a g e , a s
det er m in ed by t h e m a xim u m t ot a l
q u a n t i t y o f l i q u i fi e d h y d r o g e n , s h a l l b e
i n t h e o r d e r o f p r e fe r e n c e a s i n d i c a t e d
b y R o m a n n u m e r a l s i n t h e fo l l o w i n g
T a b l e H –3.
Size of hydrogen storage (capacity in gallons)
39.63 (150 liters) 51 to 300 301 to 600 In excess of 600
to 50
I ......................... I ......................... I ......................... I.
II ........................ II ........................ II ........................ Not permitted.
III ....................... III ....................... Not permitted .... Do.
231
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.103 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

TABLE H–3—MAXIMUM TOTAL QUANTITY OF LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN STORAGE PERMITTED—

Continued
Size of hydrogen storage (capacity in gallons)
Nature of location 39.63 (150 liters) 51 to 300 301 to 600 In excess of 600
to 50

Inside buildings not in a special room and ex- IV ....................... Not permitted .... ......do ................ Do.
posed to other occupancies.
NOTE: This table does not apply to the storage in dewars of the type generally used in laboratories for experimental purposes.

(b) T h e m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e i n fe e t or less ca pa cit y a s per m it t ed in T a ble

fr o m l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n s y s t e m s o f i n - H –3 a n d i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s u b d i v i s i o n
dica t ed st or a ge ca pa cit y loca t ed ou t - (i )(f) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h w h e n h o u s e d
door s, in a sepa r a t e bu ildin g, or in a in side bu ildin gs n ot loca t ed in a specia l
s p e c i a l r o o m t o a n y s p e c i fi e d e x p o s u r e r oom a n d exposed t o ot h er occu pa n cies
s h a l l b e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –4. s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g m i n -
im u m r equ ir em en t s:
TABLE H–4—MINIMUM DISTANCE (FEET) FROM (a ) B e l o c a t e d 20 fe e t fr o m fl a m m a b l e
LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN SYSTEMS TO EXPO- liqu ids a n d r ea dily com bu st ible m a t e-
SURE 1,2 r ia ls su ch a s excelsior or pa per .
Liquefied hydrogen storage
(b) B e l o c a t e d 25 fe e t fr o m o r d i n a r y
(capacity in gallons) elect r ica l equ ipm en t a n d ot h er sou r ces
Type of exposure 39.63
of ign it ion in clu din g pr ocess or a n a ly t -
15,001 ica l equ ipm en t .
(150 li- 3,501 to to
ters) to 15,000 (c) B e l o c a t e d 25 fe e t fr o m c o n c e n t r a -
30,000
3,500
t ion s of people.
1. Fire-resistive building and (d ) B e l o c a t e d 50 fe e t fr o m i n t a k e s o f
fire walls 3 ......................... 5 5 5
v e n t i l a t i o n a n d a i r -c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p -
2. Noncombustible building 3 25 50 75
3. Other buildings 3 .............. 50 75 100 m en t or in t a k es of com pr essor s.
4. Wall openings, air-com- (e) B e l o c a t e d 50 fe e t fr o m s t o r a g e o f
pressor intakes, inlets for o t h e r fl a m m a b l e -g a s e s o r s t o r a g e o f
air-conditioning or ven-
tilating equipment ............. 75 75 75
o x i d i zi n g g a s e s .
5. Flammable liquids (above (f ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d
ground and vent or fill a g a i n s t d a m a g e o r i n j u r y d u e t o fa l l i n g
openings if below ground) object s or wor k a ct ivit y in t h e a r ea .
(see 513 and 514) ........... 50 75 100
6. Between stationary lique- (g) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e fi r m l y s e c u r e d
fied hydrogen containers 5 5 5 a n d st or ed in a n u pr igh t posit ion .
7. Flammable gas storage .. 50 75 100 (h ) We l d i n g o r c u t t i n g o p e r a t i o n s ,
8. Liquid oxygen storage a n d sm ok in g sh a ll be pr oh ibit ed wh ile
and other oxidizers (see
513 and 514) ................... 100 100 100 h y dr ogen is in t h e r oom .
9. Combustible solids .......... 50 75 100 (i) T h e a r e a s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y v e n -
10. Open flames, smoking t i l a t e d . S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s o n t h e
and welding ...................... 50 50 50
11. Concentrations of peo-
con t a in er s sh a ll be ven t ed dir ect ly ou t -
ple .................................... 75 75 75 door s or t o a su it a ble h ood. S ee pa r a -
1 The
g r a p h s (c )(1)(i v )(b ) a n d (c )(2)(i )(f) o f
distance in Nos. 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 in Table H–4
may be reduced where protective structures, such as firewalls t h is sect ion .
equal to height of top of the container, to safeguard the lique- (3) D esign con sid era t ion s a t sp ecif ic lo-
fied hydrogen storage system, are located between the lique-
fied hydrogen storage installation and the exposure. ca t ion s—(i ) O u t d oor loca t ion s. (a ) Ou t -
2 Where protective structures are provided, ventilation and
door loca t ion sh a ll m ea n ou t side of a n y
confinement of product should be considered. The 5-foot dis-
tance in Nos. 1 and 6 facilitates maintenance and enhances bu ildin g or st r u ct u r e, a n d in clu des lo-
ventilation. ca t ion s u n der a wea t h er sh elt er or ca n -
3 Refer to Standard Types of Building Construction, NFPA
No. 220–1969 for definitions of various types of construction. opy pr ovided su ch loca t ion s a r e n ot en -
In congested areas such as offices, lunchrooms, locker closed by m or e t h a n t wo wa lls set a t
rooms, time-clock areas.
r igh t a n gles a n d a r e pr ovided wit h
(i i i ) H a n d lin g of liqu ef ied h y d rogen in - v e n t -s p a c e b e t w e e n t h e w a l l s a n d v e n t -
sid e bu ild in gs ot h er t h a n sep a ra t e bu ild - ed r oof or ca n opy .
in gs a n d sp ecia l room s. P o r t a b l e l i q u e - (b) R o a d w a y s a n d y a r d s u r fa c e s l o -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

fi e d h y d r o g e n c o n t a i n e r s o f 50 g a l l o n s c a t e d b e l o w l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n p i p i n g ,

232

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fr o m w h i c h l i q u i d a i r m a y d r i p , s h a l l
be con st r u ct ed of n on com bu st ible m a -
t er ia ls.
(c) I f p r o t e c t i v e w a l l s a r e p r o v i d e d ,
t h ey sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of n on -
com bu st ible m a t er ia ls a n d in a ccor d-
a n ce wit h t h e pr ovision s of pa r a gr a ph
(c )(3)(i )(a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(d ) E l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)(i x )
(a ) a n d (b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(e) A d e q u a t e l i g h t i n g s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d fo r n i g h t t i m e t r a n s fe r o p e r a t i o n .
(i i ) S ep a ra t e bu ild in gs. (a ) S e p a r a t e
bu ildin gs sh a ll be of ligh t n on com bu s-
t ible con st r u ct ion on a su bst a n t ia l
fr a m e . Wa l l s a n d r o o fs s h a l l b e l i g h t l y
fa s t e n e d a n d d e s i g n e d t o r e l i e v e a t a
m a x i m u m i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e o f 25
p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t . Wi n d o w s s h a l l
be of sh a t t er pr oof gla ss or pla st ic in
m e t a l fr a m e s . D o o r s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n
su ch a m a n n er t h a t t h ey will be r ea dily
a ccessible t o per son n el in a n em er -
gen cy .
(b) A d e q u a t e v e n t i l a t i o n t o t h e o u t -
door s sh a ll be pr ovided. In let open in gs
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d n e a r t h e fl o o r l e v e l i n
e x t e r i o r w a l l s o n l y . Ou t l e t o p e n i n g s
sh a ll be loca t ed a t t h e h igh poin t of t h e
r o o m i n e x t e r i o r w a l l s o r r o o f. B o t h t h e
in let a n d ou t let ven t open in gs sh a ll
h a ve a m in im u m t ot a l a r ea of 1 squ a r e
fo o t p e r 1,000 c u b i c fe e t o f r o o m v o l -
u m e . D i s c h a r g e fr o m o u t l e t o p e n i n g s
s h a l l b e d i r e c t e d o r c o n d u c t e d t o a s a fe
loca t ion .
(c) T h e r e s h a l l b e n o s o u r c e s o f i g n i -
t ion .
(d ) E l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (c )(1)(i x )
(a ) a n d (b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n e x c e p t t h a t
t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)(i x )(b)
of t h is sect ion sh a ll a pply t o a ll elec-
t r ica l wir in g a n d equ ipm en t in t h e sep-
a r a t e bu ildin g.
(e) H e a t i n g , i f p r o v i d e d , s h a l l b e b y
st ea m , h ot wa t er , or ot h er in dir ect
m ea n s.
(i i i ) S p ecia l room s. (a ) F l o o r s , w a l l s ,
a n d c e i l i n g s s h a l l h a v e a fi r e r e s i s t a n c e
r a t i n g o f a t l e a s t 2 h o u r s . Wa l l s o r p a r -
t i t i o n s s h a l l b e c o n t i n u o u s fr o m fl o o r
t o ceilin g a n d sh a ll be secu r ely a n -
ch or ed. At lea st on e wa ll sh a ll be a n
e x t e r i o r w a l l . Op e n i n g s t o o t h e r p a r t s
of t h e bu ildin g sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed.
Wi n d o w s a n d d o o r s s h a l l b e i n e x t e r i o r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wa lls a n d door s sh a ll be loca t ed in su ch
233
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00243 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.103
a m a n n er t h a t t h ey will be a ccessible
i n a n e m e r g e n c y . Wi n d o w s s h a l l b e o f
sh a t t er pr oof gla ss or pla st ic in m et a l
fr a m e s .
(b) V e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e a s p r o v i d e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (c )(3)(i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(c) E x p l o s i o n v e n t i n g s h a l l b e p r o -
vided in ext er ior wa lls or r oof on ly .
T h e ven t in g a r ea sh a ll be equ a l t o n ot
l e s s t h a n 1 s q u a r e fo o t p e r 30 c u b i c fe e t
of r oom volu m e a n d m a y con sist of a n y
o n e o r a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e fo l -
l o w i n g : Wa l l s o f l i g h t n o n c o m b u s t i b l e
m a t e r i a l ; l i g h t l y fa s t e n e d h a t c h c o v e r s ;
l i g h t l y fa s t e n e d s w i n g i n g d o o r s o p e n -
in g ou t wa r d in ext er ior wa lls; ligh t ly
fa s t e n e d w a l l s o r r o o fs d e s i g n e d t o r e -
l i e v e a t a m a x i m u m p r e s s u r e o f 25
p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
(d ) T h e r e s h a l l b e n o s o u r c e s o f i g n i -
t ion .
(e) E l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)(i x )
(a ) a n d (b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n e x c e p t t h a t
t h e p r o v i s i o n o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)(i x )(b)
of t h is sect ion sh a ll a pply t o a ll elec-
t r ica l wir in g a n d equ ipm en t in t h e spe-
cia l r oom .
(f ) H e a t i n g , i f p r o v i d e d , s h a l l b e
st ea m , h ot wa t er , or by ot h er in dir ect
m ea n s.
(4) O p era t in g in st ru ct ion s—(i ) W rit t en
in st ru ct ion s. F o r i n s t a l l a t i o n w h i c h r e -
qu ir e a n y oper a t ion of equ ipm en t by
t h e u ser , legible in st r u ct ion s sh a ll be
m a in t a in ed a t oper a t in g loca t ion s.
(i i ) A t t en d a n t . A q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n
sh a ll be in a t t en da n ce a t a ll t im es
wh ile t h e m obile h y dr ogen su pply u n it
is bein g u n loa ded.
(i i i ) S ecu rit y . E a c h m o b i l e l i q u e fi e d
h y dr ogen su pply u n it u sed a s pa r t of a
h y dr ogen sy st em sh a ll be a dequ a t ely
secu r ed t o pr even t m ovem en t .
(i v ) Grou n d in g. T h e m o b i l e l i q u e fi e d
h y dr ogen su pply u n it sh a ll be gr ou n ded
fo r s t a t i c e l e c t r i c i t y .
(5) M a in t en a n ce. T h e e q u i p m e n t a n d
fu n c t i o n i n g o f e a c h c h a r g e d l i q u e fi e d
h y dr ogen sy st em sh a ll be m a in t a in ed
i n a s a fe o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sec-
t i o n . We e d s o r s i m i l a r c o m b u s t i b l e s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.104
s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d w i t h i n 25 fe e t o f
a n y l i q u e fi e d h y d r o g e n e q u i p m e n t .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49746, Oc t . 24, 1978; 53 F R 12121, A p r . 12,
1988; 55 F R 32015, A u g . 6, 1990; 58 F R 35309,
J u n e 30, 1993; 61 F R 9236, 9237, M a r . 7, 1996; 69
F R 31881, J u n e 8, 2004]
§ 1910.104 Oxygen.
(a ) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o t h e
in st a lla t ion of bu lk oxy gen sy st em s on
in du st r ia l a n d in st it u t ion a l con su m er
pr em ises. T h is sect ion does n ot a pply
t o o x y g e n m a n u fa c t u r i n g p l a n t s o r
ot h er est a blish m en t s oper a t ed by t h e
o x y g e n s u p p l i e r o r h i s a g e n t fo r t h e
p u r p o s e o f s t o r i n g o x y g e n a n d r e fi l l i n g
por t a ble con t a in er s, t r a iler s, m obile
su pply t r u ck s, or t a n k ca r s, n or t o sy s-
t em s h a vin g ca pa cit ies less t h a n t h ose
s t a t e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(1) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(b ) B u lk ox y gen sy st em s—(1) D ef in it ion .
As u sed in t h is sect ion : A bu lk oxy gen
sy st em is a n a ssem bly of equ ipm en t ,
su ch a s oxy gen st or a ge con t a in er s,
p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r s , s a fe t y d e v i c e s , v a -
p o r i ze r s , m a n i fo l d s , and in t er -
con n ect in g pipin g, wh ich h a s st or a ge
c a p a c i t y o f m o r e t h a n 13,000 c u b i c fe e t
of oxy gen , Nor m a l T em per a t u r e a n d
P r e s s u r e (N T P ), c o n n e c t e d i n s e r v i c e o r
r e a d y fo r s e r v i c e , o r m o r e t h a n 25,000
c u b i c fe e t o f o x y g e n (N T P ) i n c l u d i n g
u n con n ect ed r eser ves on h a n d a t t h e
sit e. T h e bu lk oxy gen sy st em t er m i-
n a t es a t t h e poin t wh er e oxy gen a t
s e r v i c e p r e s s u r e fi r s t e n t e r s t h e s u p p l y
lin e. T h e oxy gen con t a in er s m a y be
st a t ion a r y or m ova ble, a n d t h e oxy gen
m a y be st or ed a s ga s or liqu id.
(2) L oca t ion —(i ) Gen era l. B u l k o x y g e n
st or a ge sy st em s sh a ll be loca t ed a bove
gr ou n d ou t of door s, or sh a ll be in -
st a lled in a bu ildin g of n on com bu st ible
con st r u ct ion , a dequ a t ely ven t ed, a n d
u s e d fo r t h a t p u r p o s e e x c l u s i v e l y . T h e
loca t ion select ed sh a ll be su ch t h a t
con t a in er s a n d a ssocia t ed equ ipm en t
sh a ll n ot be exposed by elect r ic power
l i n e s , fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d
l i n e s , o r fl a m m a b l e g a s l i n e s .
(i i ) A ccessibilit y . T h e s y s t e m s h a l l b e
loca t ed so t h a t it is r ea dily a ccessible
t o m obile su pply equ ipm en t a t gr ou n d
l e v e l a n d t o a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n n e l .
(i i i ) L ea k a ge. Wh e r e o x y g e n i s s t o r e d
a s a l i q u i d , n o n c o m b u s t i b l e s u r fa c i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll be pr ovided in a n a r ea in wh ich
234
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a n y l e a k a g e o f l i q u i d o x y g e n m i g h t fa l l
d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m a n d fi l l -
in g of a st or a ge con t a in er . F or pu r -
poses of t h is pa r a gr a ph , a sph a lt ic or bi-
t u m in ou s pa vin g is con sider ed t o be
com bu st ible.
(i v ) E lev a t ion . Wh e n l o c a t i n g b u l k o x -
y g e n s y s t e m s n e a r a b o v e -g r o u n d fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu id st or a ge
wh ich m a y be eit h er in door s or ou t -
door s, it is a dvisa ble t o loca t e t h e sy s-
t e m o n g r o u n d h i g h e r t h a n t h e fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu id st or a ge.
(v ) D ik es. Wh e r e i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o l o -
ca t e a bu lk oxy gen sy st em on gr ou n d
l o w e r t h a n a d j a c e n t fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu id st or a ge su it a ble m ea n s
s h a l l b e t a k e n (s u c h a s b y d i k i n g , d i -
ver sion cu r bs, or gr a din g) wit h r espect
t o t h e a d j a c e n t fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu id st or a ge t o pr even t a ccu m u -
la t ion of liqu ids u n der t h e bu lk oxy gen
sy st em .
(3) D ist a n ce bet w een sy st em s a n d ex p o-
su res—(i ) Gen era l. T h e m i n i m u m d i s -
t a n c e fr o m a n y b u l k o x y g e n s t o r a g e
con t a in er t o exposu r es, m ea su r ed in
t h e m ost dir ect lin e except a s in dica t ed
i n p a r a g r a p h s (b )(3) (v i ) a n d (v i i i ) o f
t h is sect ion , sh a ll be a s in dica t ed in
p a r a g r a p h s (b )(3) (i i ) t o (x v i i i ) o f t h i s
sect ion in clu sive.
(i i ) Com bu st ible st ru ct u res. F i ft y fe e t
fr o m a n y c o m b u s t i b l e s t r u c t u r e s .
(i i i ) F ire resist iv e st ru ct u res. T w e n t y -
fi v e fe e t fr o m a n y s t r u c t u r e s w i t h fi r e -
r esist ive ext er ior wa lls or spr in k ler ed
bu ildin gs of ot h er con st r u ct ion , bu t
n o t l e s s t h a n o n e -h a l f t h e h e i g h t o f a d -
ja cen t side wa ll of t h e st r u ct u r e.
(i v ) O p en in gs. A t l e a s t 10 fe e t fr o m
a n y o p e n i n g i n a d j a c e n t w a l l s o f fi r e
r e s i s t i v e s t r u c t u r e s . S p a c i n g fr o m s u c h
st r u ct u r es sh a ll be a dequ a t e t o per m it
m a in t en a n ce, bu t sh a ll n ot be less t h a n
1 fo o t .
(v ) F la m m a ble liqu id st ora ge a bov e-
grou n d .
Distance (feet) Capacity (gallons)
50 .................................................. 0 to 1000.
90 .................................................. 1001 or more.
(v i ) F la m m a ble liqu id st ora ge below -
grou n d .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.104

Distance measured Distance from oxygen a ge in st a lla t ion a n d t h e exposu r e. In

storage container to
horizontally from oxy- filling and vent con-
gen storage container
to flammable liquid nections or openings
to flammable liquid
tank (feet) tank (feet)
15 .............................. 50 ..............................
30 .............................. 50 ..............................
(v i i ) Com bu st ible liqu id st ora ge a bov e-
grou n d .
Distance (feet) Capacity (gallons)
25 .................................................. 0 to 1000.
50 .................................................. 1001 or more.
(v i i i ) Com bu st ible liqu id st ora ge below -
grou n d .
Distance measured hori- Distance from oxygen stor-
age container to filling and
zontally from oxygen storage vent connections or openings
container to combustible liq-
to combustible liquid tank
uid tank (feet) (feet)
15 ........................................... 40.
(i x ) F la m m a ble ga s st ora ge. (S u c h a s
c o m p r e s s e d fl a m m a b l e g a s e s , l i q u e fi e d
fl a m m a b l e g a s e s a n d fl a m m a b l e g a s e s
i n l o w p r e s s u r e g a s h o l d e r s ):
Distance (feet) Capacity (cu. ft. NTP)
50 .................................................. Less than 5000.
90 .................................................. 5000 or more.
(x ) H igh ly com bu st ible m a t eria ls. F i ft y
fe e t fr o m s o l i d m a t e r i a l s w h i c h b u r n
r a pidly , su ch a s excelsior or pa per .
(x i ) S low -bu rn in g m a t eria ls. T w e n t y -
fi v e fe e t fr o m s o l i d m a t e r i a l s w h i c h
bu r n slowly , su ch a s coa l a n d h ea vy
t im ber .
(x i i ) V en t ila t ion . S e v e n t y -fi v e fe e t i n
o n e d i r e c t i o n a n d 35 fe e t i n a p p r o x i -
m a t e l y 90° d i r e c t i o n fr o m c o n fi n i n g
w a l l s (n o t i n c l u d i n g fi r e w a l l s l e s s t h a n
20 fe e t h i g h ) t o p r o v i d e a d e q u a t e v e n -
t ila t ion in cou r t y a r ds a n d sim ila r con -
fi n i n g a r e a s .
(x i i i ) Con gest ed a rea s. T w e n t y -fi v e
fe e t fr o m c o n g e s t e d a r e a s s u c h a s o f-
fi c e s , l u n c h r o o m s , l o c k e r r o o m s , t i m e
clock a r ea s, a n d sim ila r loca t ion s
wh er e people m a y con gr ega t e.
(x i v )–(x v i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(x v i i i ) E x cep t ion s. T h e d i s t a n c e s i n
p a r a g r a p h s (b )(3) (i i ), (i i i ), (v ) t o (x i ) i n -
clu sive, of t h is sect ion do n ot a pply
wh er e pr ot ect ive st r u ct u r es su ch a s
fi r e w a l l s o f a d e q u a t e h e i g h t t o s a fe -
gu a r d t h e oxy gen st or a ge sy st em s a r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
Capacity gal- su ch ca ses, t h e bu lk oxy gen st or a ge in -
lons st a lla t ion m a y be a m in im u m dist a n ce
o f 1 fo o t fr o m t h e fi r e w a l l .
(4) S t ora ge con t a in ers—(i ) F ou n d a t ion s
0 to 1000. a n d su p p ort s. P e r m a n e n t l y i n s t a l l e d
1001 or
more. con t a in er s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h su b-
st a n t ia l n on com bu st ible su ppor t s on
fi r m n o n c o m b u s t i b l e fo u n d a t i o n s .
(i i ) Con st ru ct ion — liqu id . L i q u i d o x y -
g e n s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e fa b -
r i c a t e d fr o m m a t e r i a l s m e e t i n g t h e i m -
pa ct t est r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
U G –84 o f A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e
V e s s e l Co d e , S e c t i o n V I I I —U n fi r e d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s —1968, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6. Co n t a i n e r s o p e r a t i n g a t p r e s -
s u r e s a b o v e 15 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n c h
g a g e (p .s .i .g .) s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d , c o n -
st r u ct ed, a n d t est ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
a ppr opr ia t e r equ ir em en t s of AS ME
B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e , S e c -
t i o n V I I —U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s —
1968. I n s u l a t i o n s u r r o u n d i n g t h e l i q u i d
oxy gen con t a in er sh a ll be n on com bu s-
t ible.
(i i i ) Con st ru ct ion — ga seou s. H i g h - p r e s -
su r e ga seou s oxy gen con t a in er s sh a ll
c o m p l y w i t h o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) D e s i g n e d , c o n s t r u c t e d , a n d t e s t e d
in a ccor da n ce wit h a ppr opr ia t e r equ ir e-
m en t s of AS ME Boiler a n d P r essu r e
V e s s e l Co d e , S e c t i o n V I I I —U n fi r e d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s —1968.
(b) D e s i g n e d , c o n s t r u c t e d , t e s t e d , a n d
m a i n t a i n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT
S p e c i fi c a t i o n s a n d R e g u l a t i o n s .
(5) P ip in g, t u bin g, a n d f it t in gs—(i ) S e-
lect ion . P i p i n g , t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s
s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r o x y g e n s e r v i c e a n d
fo r t h e p r e s s u r e s a n d t e m p e r a t u r e s i n -
volved.
(i i ) S p ecif ica t ion . P i p i n g a n d t u b i n g
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o S e c t i o n 2—G a s a n d
A i r P i p i n g S y s t e m s o f Co d e fo r P r e s -
s u r e P i p i n g , A N S I , B 31.1–1967 w i t h a d -
d e n d a B 31.10a –1969, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(i i i ) F a brica t ion . P i p i n g o r t u b i n g fo r
o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s b e l o w ¥20 °F .
s h a l l b e fa b r i c a t e d fr o m m a t e r i a l s
m eet in g t h e im pa ct t est r equ ir em en t s
o f p a r a g r a p h U G –84 o f A S M E B o i l e r
a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e , S e c t i o n
V I I I —U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s —1968,

loca t ed bet ween t h e bu lk oxy gen st or - wh en t est ed a t t h e m in im u m oper a t in g

235

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 § 1910.104
t em per a t u r e t o wh ich t h e pipin g m a y
be su bject ed in ser vice.
(6) S a f et y relief d ev ices—(i ) Gen era l.
Bu lk oxy gen st or a ge con t a in er s, r e-
ga r dless of design pr essu r e sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s a s
r e q u i r e d b y t h e A S M E c o d e o r t h e D OT
s p e c i fi c a t i o n s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s .
(i i ) D O T con t a in ers. B u l k o x y g e n s t o r -
a ge con t a in er s design ed a n d con -
s t r u c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT s p e c i -
fi c a t i o n s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe t y
r elief devices a s r equ ir ed t h er eby .
(i i i ) A S M E con t a in ers. B u l k o x y g e n
st or a ge con t a in er s design ed a n d con -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e AS ME
B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e , S e c -
t i o n V I I I —U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l —
1968 s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f
devices m eet in g t h e pr ovision s of t h e
Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a t i o n P a m p h l e t
‘‘S a fe t y R e l i e f D e v i c e S t a n d a r d s fo r
Co m p r e s s e d G a s S t o r a g e Co n t a i n e r s ,’’
S –1, P a r t 3, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(i v ) I n su la t ion . I n s u l a t i o n c a s i n g s o n
liqu id oxy gen con t a in er s sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h s u i t a b l e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
vices.
(v ) R elia bilit y . A l l s a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
vices sh a ll be so design ed or loca t ed
t h a t m o i s t u r e c a n n o t c o l l e c t a n d fr e e ze
i n a m a n n e r w h i c h w o u l d i n t e r fe r e w i t h
pr oper oper a t ion of t h e device.
(7) L iqu id ox y gen v a p oriz ers—(i )
M ou n t s a n d cou p lin gs. T h e v a p o r i ze r
sh a ll be a n ch or ed a n d it s con n ect in g
p i p i n g b e s u ffi c i e n t l y fl e x i b l e t o p r o -
v i d e fo r t h e e ffe c t o f e x p a n s i o n a n d
con t r a ct ion du e to t em per a t u r e
ch a n ges.
(i i ) R elief d ev ices. T h e v a p o r i ze r a n d
it s pipin g sh a ll be a dequ a t ely pr ot ect ed
on t h e oxy gen a n d h ea t in g m ediu m sec-
t i o n s w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s .
(i i i ) H ea t in g. H e a t u s e d i n a n o x y g e n
v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e i n d i r e c t l y s u p p l i e d
on ly t h r ou gh m edia su ch a s st ea m , a ir ,
wa t er , or wa t er solu t ion s wh ich do n ot
r ea ct wit h oxy gen .
(i v ) Grou n d in g. I f e l e c t r i c h e a t e r s a r e
u sed t o pr ovide t h e pr im a r y sou r ce of
h e a t , t h e v a p o r i zi n g s y s t e m s h a l l b e
elect r ica lly gr ou n ded.
(8) E qu ip m en t a ssem bly a n d in st a lla -
t ion —(i ) Clea n in g. E q u i p m e n t m a k i n g
u p a bu lk oxy gen sy st em sh a ll be
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
clea n ed in or der t o r em ove oil, gr ea se
236
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
o r o t h e r r e a d i l y o x i d i za b l e m a t e r i a l s
b e fo r e p l a c i n g t h e s y s t e m i n s e r v i c e .
(i i ) Join t s. J o i n t s i n p i p i n g a n d t u b i n g
m a y be m a de by weldin g or by u se of
fl a n g e d , t h r e a d e d , s l i p , o r c o m p r e s s i o n
fi t t i n g s . G a s k e t s o r t h r e a d s e a l a n t s
s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r o x y g e n s e r v i c e .
(i i i ) A ccessories. V a l v e s , g a g e s , r e g u -
la t or s, a n d ot h er a ccessor ies sh a ll be
s u i t a b l e fo r o x y g e n s e r v i c e .
(i v ) I n st a lla t ion . I n s t a l l a t i o n o f b u l k
oxy gen sy st em s sh a ll be su per vised by
p e r s o n n e l fa m i l i a r w i t h p r o p e r p r a c -
t i c e s w i t h r e fe r e n c e t o t h e i r c o n s t r u c -
t ion a n d u se.
(v ) T est in g. A ft e r i n s t a l l a t i o n a l l fi e l d
er ect ed pipin g sh a ll be t est ed a n d
pr oved ga s t igh t a t m a xim u m oper -
a t i n g p r e s s u r e . A n y m e d i u m u s e d fo r
t e s t i n g s h a l l b e o i l fr e e a n d n o n fl a m -
m a ble.
(v i ) S ecu rit y . S t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s , p i p -
in g, va lves, r egu la t in g equ ipm en t , a n d
ot h er a ccessor ies sh a ll be pr ot ect ed
a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge a n d a ga in st
t a m per in g.
(v i i ) V en t in g. A n y e n c l o s u r e c o n -
t a in in g oxy gen con t r ol or oper a t in g
equ ipm en t sh a ll be a dequ a t ely ven t ed.
(v i i i ) P la ca rd in g. T h e b u l k o x y g e n
st or a ge loca t ion sh a ll be per m a n en t ly
p l a c a r d e d t o i n d i c a t e : ‘‘OX Y G E N —N O
S M OK I N G —N O OP E N F L A M E S ’’, o r a n
equ iva len t wa r n in g.
(i x ) E lect rica l w irin g. B u l k o x y g e n i n -
s t a l l a t i o n s a r e n o t h a za r d o u s l o c a t i o n s
a s d e fi n e d a n d c o v e r e d i n s u b p a r t S o f
t h i s p a r t . T h e r e fo r e , g e n e r a l p u r p o s e o r
wea t h er pr oof t y pes of elect r ica l wir in g
a n d equ ipm en t a r e a ccept a ble depen d-
in g u pon wh et h er t h e in st a lla t ion is in -
door s or ou t door s. S u ch equ ipm en t
sh a ll be in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e a pplica ble pr ovision s of su bpa r t S
of t h is pa r t .
(9) O p era t in g in st ru ct ion s. F o r i n s t a l -
la t ion s wh ich r equ ir e a n y oper a t ion of
equ ipm en t by t h e u ser , legible in st r u c-
t ion s sh a ll be m a in t a in ed a t oper a t in g
loca t ion s.
(10) M a in t en a n ce. T h e e q u i p m e n t a n d
fu n c t i o n i n g o f e a c h c h a r g e d b u l k o x y -
gen sy st em sh a ll be m a in t a in ed in a
s a fe o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e
wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion .
Wo o d a n d l o n g d r y g r a s s s h a l l b e c u t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
b a c k w i t h i n 15 fe e t o f a n y b u l k o x y g e n
st or a ge con t a in er .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49746, Oc t . 24, 1978; 61 F R 9237, M a r . 7,
1996]
§ 1910.105 Nitrous oxide.
T h e p i p e d s y s t e m s fo r t h e i n -p l a n t
t r a n s fe r a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f n i t r o u s
oxide sh a ll be design ed, in st a lled,
m a in t a in ed, a n d oper a t ed in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a t i o n
P a m p h l e t G –8.1–1964, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9237, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.106 Flammable and combustible
liquids.
(a ) D ef in it ion s. A s u s e d i n t h i s s e c -
t ion :
(1) A e r o s o l s h a l l m e a n a m a t e r i a l
w h i c h i s d i s p e n s e d fr o m i t s c o n t a i n e r
a s a m i s t , s p r a y , o r fo a m b y a p r o p e l -
la n t u n der pr essu r e.
(2) A t m o s p h e r i c t a n k s h a l l m e a n a
st or a ge t a n k wh ich h a s been design ed
t o o p e r a t e a t p r e s s u r e s fr o m a t m o s -
p h e r i c t h r o u g h 0.5 p .s .i .g .
(3) A u t o m o t i v e s e r v i c e s t a t i o n s h a l l
m ea n t h a t por t ion of pr oper t y wh er e
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s u s e d
a s m o t o r fu e l s a r e s t o r e d a n d d i s p e n s e d
fr o m fi x e d e q u i p m e n t i n t o t h e fu e l
t a n k s of m ot or veh icles a n d sh a ll in -
c l u d e a n y fa c i l i t i e s a v a i l a b l e fo r t h e
sa le a n d ser vice of t ir es, ba t t er ies, a n d
a c c e s s o r i e s , a n d fo r m i n o r a u t o m o t i v e
m a in t en a n ce wor k . Ma jor a u t om ot ive
r e p a i r s , p a i n t i n g , b o d y a n d fe n d e r w o r k
a r e exclu ded.
(4) B a s e m e n t s h a l l m e a n a s t o r y o f a
b u i l d i n g o r s t r u c t u r e h a v i n g o n e -h a l f
or m or e of it s h eigh t below gr ou n d
l e v e l a n d t o w h i c h a c c e s s fo r fi r e fi g h t -
in g pu r poses is u n du ly r est r ict ed.
(5) B o i l i n g p o i n t s h a l l m e a n t h e b o i l -
in g poin t of a liqu id a t a pr essu r e of
14.7 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n c h a b s o l u t e
(p .s .i .a .) (760 m m .). Wh e r e a n a c c u r a t e
b o i l i n g p o i n t i s u n a v a i l a b l e fo r t h e m a -
t e r i a l i n q u e s t i o n , o r fo r m i x t u r e s
wh ich do n ot h a ve a con st a n t boilin g
p o i n t , fo r p u r p o s e s o f t h i s s e c t i o n t h e
10 p e r c e n t p o i n t o f a d i s t i l l a t i o n p e r -
fo r m e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e S t a n d -
a r d M e t h o d o f T e s t fo r D i s t i l l a t i o n o f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
P e t r o l e u m P r o d u c t s , A S T M D –86–62,
237
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00247 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, m a y b e u s e d a s t h e
boilin g poin t of t h e liqu id.
(6) B o i l o v e r s h a l l m e a n t h e e x p u l s i o n
o f c r u d e o i l (o r c e r t a i n o t h e r l i q u i d s )
fr o m a b u r n i n g t a n k . T h e l i g h t fr a c -
t i o n s o f t h e c r u d e o i l b u r n o ff p r o d u c i n g
a h ea t wa ve in t h e r esidu e, wh ich on
r ea ch in g a wa t er st r a t a m a y r esu lt in
t h e expu lsion of a por t ion of t h e con -
t e n t s o f t h e t a n k i n t h e fo r m o f fr o t h .
(7) B u l k p l a n t s h a l l m e a n t h a t p o r -
t i o n o f a p r o p e r t y w h e r e fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu ids a r e r eceived by
t a n k vessel, pipelin es, t a n k ca r , or
t a n k veh icle, a n d a r e st or ed or blen ded
i n b u l k fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f d i s t r i b u t i n g
su ch liqu ids by t a n k vessel, pipelin e,
t a n k ca r , t a n k veh icle, or con t a in er .
(8) Ch e m i c a l p l a n t s h a l l m e a n a l a r g e
in t egr a t ed pla n t or t h a t por t ion of
s u c h a p l a n t o t h e r t h a n a r e fi n e r y o r
d i s t i l l e r y w h e r e fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids a r e pr odu ced by ch em ica l
r ea ct ion s or u sed in ch em ica l r ea c-
t ion s.
(9) Cl o s e d c o n t a i n e r s h a l l m e a n a
c o n t a i n e r a s h e r e i n d e fi n e d , s o s e a l e d
by m ea n s of a lid or ot h er device t h a t
n eit h er liqu id n or va por will esca pe
fr o m i t a t o r d i n a r y t e m p e r a t u r e s .
(10) Cr u d e p e t r o l e u m s h a l l m e a n h y -
d r o c a r b o n m i x t u r e s t h a t h a v e a fl a s h
p o i n t b e l o w 150 °F . a n d w h i c h h a v e n o t
b e e n p r o c e s s e d i n a r e fi n e r y .
(11) D i s t i l l e r y s h a l l m e a n a p l a n t o r
t h a t p o r t i o n o f a p l a n t w h e r e fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids pr odu ced
b y fe r m e n t a t i o n a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d , a n d
wh er e t h e con cen t r a t ed pr odu ct s m a y
a lso be m ixed, st or ed, or pa ck a ged.
(12) F i r e a r e a s h a l l m e a n a n a r e a o f a
b u i l d i n g s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e r e m a i n d e r
of t h e bu ildin g by con st r u ct ion h a vin g
a fi r e r e s i s t a n c e o f a t l e a s t 1 h o u r a n d
h a vin g a ll com m u n ica t in g open in gs
pr oper ly pr ot ect ed by a n a ssem bly h a v-
i n g a fi r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g o f a t l e a s t 1
h ou r .
(13) F l a m m a b l e a e r o s o l s h a l l m e a n a n
a er osol wh ich is r equ ir ed t o be la beled
‘‘F l a m m a b l e ’’ u n d e r t h e F e d e r a l H a z-
a r d o u s S u b s t a n c e s L a b e l i n g A c t (15
U .S .C. 1261). F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f p a r a -
g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s u c h a e r o s o l s
a r e c o n s i d e r e d Cl a s s I A l i q u i d s .
(14) F la sh p oin t m e a n s t h e m i n i m u m
t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h i c h a l i q u i d g i v e s o ff
v a p o r w i t h i n a t e s t v e s s e l i n s u ffi c i e n t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
c o n c e n t r a t i o n t o fo r m a n i g n i t a b l e
m i x t u r e w i t h a i r n e a r t h e s u r fa c e o f
t h e liqu id, a n d sh a ll be det er m in ed a s
fo l l o w s :
(i ) F o r a l i q u i d w h i c h h a s a v i s c o s i t y
o f l e s s t h a n 45 S U S a t 100 °F . (37.8 °C.),
does n ot con t a in su spen ded solids, a n d
d o e s n o t h a v e a t e n d e n c y t o fo r m a s u r -
fa c e fi l m w h i l e u n d e r t e s t , t h e p r o c e -
d u r e s p e c i fi e d i n t h e S t a n d a r d M e t h o d
o f T e s t fo r F l a s h p o i n t b y T a g Cl o s e d
T e s t e r (A S T M D –56–70), w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, s h a l l b e u s e d .
(i i ) F o r a l i q u i d w h i c h h a s a v i s c o s i t y
o f 45 S U S o r m o r e a t 100 °F . (37.8 °C.),
or con t a in s su spen ded solids, or h a s a
t e n d e n c y t o fo r m a s u r fa c e fi l m w h i l e
u n der t est , t h e S t a n da r d Met h od of
T e s t fo r F l a s h p o i n t b y P e n s k y -M a r t e n s
Cl o s e d T e s t e r (A S T M D –93–71) s h a l l b e
u s e d , e x c e p t t h a t t h e m e t h o d s s p e c i fi e d
i n N o t e 1 t o s e c t i o n 1.1 o f A S T M D –93–
71 m a y b e u s e d fo r t h e r e s p e c t i v e m a t e -
r i a l s s p e c i fi e d i n t h e N o t e . T h e p r e -
cedin g AS T M st a n da r ds a r e in cor -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(i i i ) F o r a l i q u i d t h a t i s a m i x t u r e o f
com pou n ds t hat h a ve d i ffe r e n t
vola t ilit ies and fl a s h p o i n t s , it s
fl a s h p o i n t s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d b y u s i n g
t h e p r o c e d u r e s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(a )(14) (i ) o r (i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n o n t h e
l i q u i d i n t h e fo r m i t i s s h i p p e d . I f t h e
fl a s h p o i n t , a s d e t e r m i n e d b y t h i s t e s t ,
i s 100 °F . (37.8 °C.) o r h i g h e r , a n a d d i -
t i o n a l fl a s h p o i n t d e t e r m i n a t i o n s h a l l
be r u n on a sa m ple of t h e liqu id eva po-
r a t e d t o 90 p e r c e n t o f i t s o r i g i n a l v o l -
u m e, a n d t h e lower va lu e of t h e t wo
t e s t s s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d t h e fl a s h p o i n t
of t h e m a t er ia l.
(i v ) Or g a n i c p e r o x i d e s , w h i c h u n d e r g o
a u t oa cceler a t in g t h er m a l decom posi-
t i o n , a r e e x c l u d e d fr o m a n y o f t h e
fl a s h p o i n t det er m in a t ion m et h ods
s p e c i fi e d i n t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h .
(15) H o t e l s h a l l m e a n b u i l d i n g s o r
gr ou ps of bu ildin gs u n der t h e sa m e
m a n a gem en t in wh ich t h er e a r e sleep-
i n g a c c o m m o d a t i o n s fo r h i r e , p r i m a r i l y
u sed by t r a n sien t s wh o a r e lodged wit h
or wit h ou t m ea ls in clu din g bu t n ot
lim it ed t o in n s, clu bs, m ot els, a n d
a pa r t m en t h ot els.
(16) I n s t i t u t i o n a l o c c u p a n c y s h a l l
m ea n t h e occu pa n cy or u se of a bu ild-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
in g or st r u ct u r e or a n y por t ion t h er eof
238
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00248 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
by per son s h a r bor ed or det a in ed t o r e-
ceive m edica l, ch a r it a ble or ot h er ca r e
or t r ea t m en t , or by per son s in volu n -
t a r ily det a in ed.
(17) L i q u i d s h a l l m e a n , fo r t h e p u r -
pose of t h is sect ion , a n y m a t er ia l
w h i c h h a s a fl u i d i t y g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t
o f 300 p e n e t r a t i o n a s p h a l t w h e n t e s t e d
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h A S T M T e s t fo r P e n -
e t r a t i o n fo r B i t u m i n o u s M a t e r i a l s , D –
5–65, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6. Wh e n n o t o t h e r -
w i s e i d e n t i fi e d , t h e t e r m l i q u i d s h a l l
i n c l u d e b o t h fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids.
(18) Com bu st ible liqu id m e a n s a n y l i q -
u i d h a v i n g a fl a s h p o i n t a t o r a b o v e 100
°F . (37.8 °C.) Co m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l
b e d i v i d e d i n t o t w o c l a s s e s a s fo l l o w s :
(i ) Cla ss I I liqu id s s h a l l i n c l u d e t h o s e
w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s a t o r a b o v e 100 °F .
(37.8 °C.) a n d b e l o w 140 °F . (60 °C.), e x -
cept a n y m ixt u r e h a vin g com pon en t s
w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s o f 200 °F . (93.3 °C.) o r
h i g h e r , t h e v o l u m e o f w h i c h m a k e u p 99
per cen t or m or e of t h e t ot a l volu m e of
t h e m ixt u r e.
(i i ) Cla ss I I I liqu id s s h a l l i n c l u d e
t h o s e w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s a t o r a b o v e 140
°F . (60 °C.) Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s a r e s u b -
divided in t o t wo su bcla sses:
(a ) Cla ss I I I A liqu id s s h a l l i n c l u d e
t h o s e w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s a t o r a b o v e 140
°F . (60 °C.) a n d b e l o w 200 °F . (93.3 °C.),
except a n y m ixt u r e h a vin g com pon en t s
w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s o f 200 °F . (93.3 °C.), o r
h igh er , t h e t ot a l volu m e of wh ich m a k e
u p 99 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f t h e t o t a l v o l -
u m e of t h e m ixt u r e.
(b) Cla ss I I I B liqu id s s h a l l i n c l u d e
t h o s e w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s a t o r a b o v e 200
°F . (93.3 °C.). T h i s s e c t i o n d o e s n o t
c o v e r Cl a s s I I I B l i q u i d s . Wh e r e t h e
t e r m ‘‘Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s i s u s e d i n t h i s
s e c t i o n , i t s h a l l m e a n o n l y Cl a s s I I I A
liqu ids.
(i i i ) Wh e n a c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d i s
h e a t e d fo r u s e t o w i t h i n 30 °F . (16.7 °C.)
o f i t s fl a s h p o i n t , i t s h a l l b e h a n d l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
t h e n ext lower cla ss of liqu ids.
(19) F la m m a ble liqu id m e a n s a n y l i q -
u i d h a v i n g a fl a s h p o i n t b e l o w 100 °F .
(37.8 °C.), e x c e p t a n y m i x t u r e h a v i n g
c o m p o n e n t s w i t h fl a s h p o i n t s o f 100 °F .
(37.8 °C.) o r h i g h e r , t h e t o t a l o f w h i c h
m a k e u p 99 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f t h e t o t a l
volu m e of t h e m ixt u r e. F la m m a ble liq-
u i d s s h a l l b e k n o w n a s Cl a s s I l i q u i d s .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e
c l a s s e s a s fo l l o w s :
(i ) Cl a s s I A s h a l l i n c l u d e l i q u i d s h a v -
i n g fl a s h p o i n t s b e l o w 73 °F . (22.8 °C.)
a n d h a v i n g a b o i l i n g p o i n t b e l o w 100 °F .
(37.8 °C.).
(i i ) Cl a s s I B s h a l l i n c l u d e l i q u i d s h a v -
i n g fl a s h p o i n t s b e l o w 73 °F . (22.8 °C.)
a n d h a vin g a boilin g poin t a t or a bove
100 °F . (37.8 °C.).
(i i i ) Cl a s s I C s h a l l i n c l u d e l i q u i d s
h a v i n g fl a s h p o i n t s a t o r a b o v e 73 °F .
(22.8 °C.) a n d b e l o w 100 °F . (37.8 °C.).
(20) U n s t a b l e (r e a c t i v e ) l i q u i d s h a l l
m ea n a liqu id wh ich in t h e pu r e st a t e
or a s com m er cia lly pr odu ced or t r a n s-
p o r t e d w i l l v i g o r o u s l y p o l y m e r i ze , d e -
c o m p o s e , c o n d e n s e , o r w i l l b e c o m e s e l f-
r ea ct ive u n der con dit ion s of sh ock s,
pr essu r e, or t em per a t u r e.
(21) L o w -p r e s s u r e t a n k s h a l l m e a n a
st or a ge t a n k wh ich h a s been design ed
t o o p e r a t e a t p r e s s u r e s a b o v e 0.5 p .s .i .g .
b u t n o t m o r e t h a n 15 p .s .i .g .
(22) M a r i n e s e r v i c e s t a t i o n s h a l l
m ea n t h a t por t ion of a pr oper t y wh er e
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s u s e d
a s fu e l s a r e s t o r e d a n d d i s p e n s e d fr o m
fi x e d e q u i p m e n t on sh or e, pier s,
w h a r v e s , o r fl o a t i n g d o c k s i n t o t h e fu e l
t a n k s o f s e l f-p r o p e l l e d c r a ft , a n d s h a l l
i n c l u d e a l l fa c i l i t i e s u s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n
t h er ewit h .
(23) M e r c a n t i l e o c c u p a n c y s h a l l m e a n
t h e occu pa n cy or u se of a bu ildin g or
s t r u c t u r e o r a n y p o r t i o n t h e r e o f fo r t h e
displa y in g, sellin g, or bu y in g of goods,
wa r es, or m er ch a n dise.
(24) Offi c e o c c u p a n c y s h a l l m e a n t h e
occu pa n cy or u se of a bu ildin g or st r u c-
t u r e o r a n y p o r t i o n t h e r e o f fo r t h e
t r a n sa ct ion of bu sin ess, or t h e r en -
d e r i n g o r r e c e i v i n g o f p r o fe s s i o n a l s e r v -
ices.
(25) P o r t a b l e t a n k s h a l l m e a n a
closed con t a in er h a vin g a liqu id ca pa c-
i t y o v e r 60 U .S . g a l l o n s a n d n o t i n -
t e n d e d fo r fi x e d i n s t a l l a t i o n .
(26) P r e s s u r e v e s s e l s h a l l m e a n a
st or a ge t a n k or vessel wh ich h a s been
design ed t o oper a t e a t pr essu r es a bove
15 p .s .i .g .
(27) P r o t e c t i o n fo r e x p o s u r e s h a l l
m e a n a d e q u a t e fi r e p r o t e c t i o n fo r
st r u ct u r es on pr oper t y a dja cen t t o
t a n k s, wh er e t h er e a r e em ploy ees of
t h e est a blish m en t .
(28) R e fi n e r y s h a l l m e a n a p l a n t i n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
w h i c h fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
239
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00249 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
u ids a r e pr odu ced on a com m er cia l
s c a l e fr o m c r u d e p e t r o l e u m , n a t u r a l
ga solin e, or ot h er h y dr oca r bon sou r ces.
(29) S a fe t y c a n s h a l l m e a n a n a p -
pr oved con t a in er , of n ot m or e t h a n 5
g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y , h a v i n g a s p r i n g -c l o s -
in g lid a n d spou t cover a n d so design ed
t h a t i t w i l l s a fe l y r e l i e v e i n t e r n a l p r e s -
s u r e w h e n s u b j e c t e d t o fi r e e x p o s u r e .
(30) V a p o r p r e s s u r e s h a l l m e a n t h e
pr essu r e, m ea su r ed in pou n ds per
s q u a r e i n c h (a b s o l u t e ) e x e r t e d b y a
vola t ile liqu id a s det er m in ed by t h e
‘‘S t a n d a r d M e t h o d o f T e s t fo r V a p o r
P r e s s u r e o f P e t r o l e u m P r o d u c t s (R e i d
M e t h o d ),’’ A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t -
i n g a n d M a t e r i a l s A S T M D 323–68, w h i c h
i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i -
fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(31) V e n t i l a t i o n a s s p e c i fi e d i n t h i s
s e c t i o n i s fo r t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f fi r e a n d
explosion . It is con sider ed a dequ a t e if
i t i s s u ffi c i e n t t o p r e v e n t a c c u m u l a t i o n
o f s i g n i fi c a n t q u a n t i t i e s o f v a p o r -a i r
m ixt u r es in con cen t r a t ion over on e-
fo u r t h o f t h e l o w e r fl a m m a b l e l i m i t .
(32) S t o r a g e : F l a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids sh a ll be st or ed in a t a n k
or in a con t a in er t h a t com plies wit h
p a r a g r a p h (d )(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(33) B a r r e l s h a l l m e a n a v o l u m e o f 42
U .S . g a l l o n s .
(34) Co n t a i n e r s h a l l m e a n a n y c a n ,
ba r r el, or dr u m .
(35) A p p r o v e d u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i -
ca t ed, a ppr oved, or list ed by a n a t ion -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(36) L ist ed see ‘‘a p p r o v e d ’’ in
§ 1910.106(a )(35).
(37) S U S m e a n s S a y b o l t U n i v e r s a l
S econ ds a s det er m in ed by t h e S t a n da r d
M e t h o d o f T e s t fo r S a y b o l t V i s c o s i t y
(A S T M D –88–56), a n d m a y b e d e t e r -
m in ed by u se of t h e S US con ver sion t a -
b l e s s p e c i fi e d i n A S T M M e t h o d D 2161–
66 fo l l o w i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f v i s c o s i t y
in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e pr ocedu r es
s p e c i fi e d i n t h e S t a n d a r d M e t h o d o f
T e s t fo r V i s c o s i t y o f T r a n s p a r e n t a n d
Op a q u e L i q u i d s (A S T M D 445–65).
(38) V iscou s m e a n s a v i s c o s i t y o f 45
S US or m or e.
(b ) T a n k st ora ge—(1) D esign a n d con -
st ru ct ion of t a n k s—(i ) M a t eria ls. (a )
T a n k s sh a ll be bu ilt of st eel except a s
p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (b )(1)(i ) (b)
t h r o u g h (e) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
(b) T a n k s m a y b e b u i l t o f m a t e r i a l s
o t h e r t h a n s t e e l fo r i n s t a l l a t i o n u n d e r -
gr ou n d or if r equ ir ed by t h e pr oper t ies
of t h e liqu id st or ed. T a n k s loca t ed
a bove gr ou n d or in side bu ildin gs sh a ll
be of n on com bu st ible con st r u ct ion .
(c) T a n k s b u i l t o f m a t e r i a l s o t h e r
t h a n st eel sh a ll be design ed t o speci-
fi c a t i o n s e m b o d y i n g p r i n c i p l e s r e c o g -
n i ze d a s g o o d e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n fo r
t h e m a t er ia l u sed.
(d ) U n l i n e d c o n c r e t e t a n k s m a y b e
u s e d fo r s t o r i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t i b l e l i q u i d s h a v i n g a g r a v i t y o f 40° A P I
o r h e a v i e r . Co n c r e t e t a n k s w i t h s p e c i a l
l i n i n g m a y b e u s e d fo r o t h e r s e r v i c e s
pr ovided t h e design is in a ccor da n ce
wit h sou n d en gin eer in g pr a ct ice.
(e) [R e s e r v e d ]
(f ) S p e c i a l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n
s h a l l b e r e q u i r e d i f t h e s p e c i fi c g r a v i t y
of t h e liqu id t o be st or ed exceeds t h a t
of wa t er or if t h e t a n k s a r e design ed t o
c o n t a i n fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
u i d s a t a l i q u i d t e m p e r a t u r e b e l o w 0 °F .
(i i ) F a brica t ion . (a ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(b) M e t a l t a n k s s h a l l b e w e l d e d , r i v -
e t e d , a n d c a u l k e d , b r a ze d , o r b o l t e d , o r
con st r u ct ed by u se of a com bin a t ion of
t h ese m et h ods. F iller m et a l u sed in
b r a zi n g s h a l l b e n o n fe r r o u s m e t a l o r a n
a l l o y h a v i n g a m e l t i n g p o i n t a b o v e 1000
°F . a n d b e l o w t h a t o f t h e m e t a l j o i n e d .
(i i i ) A t m osp h eric t a n k s. (a ) A t m o s -
ph er ic t a n k s sh a ll be bu ilt in a ccor d-
a n ce wit h a ccept a ble good st a n da r ds of
design . At m osph er ic t a n k s m a y be
b u i l t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g
con sen su s st a n da r ds t h a t a r e in cor -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6:
(1) U n d e r w r i t e r s ’ L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c .,
S u b j e c t s N o . 142, S t a n d a r d fo r S t e e l
A b o v e g r o u n d T a n k s fo r F l a m m a b l e a n d
Co m b u s t i b l e L i q u i d s , 1968; N o . 58,
S t a n d a r d fo r S t e e l U n d e r g r o u n d T a n k s
fo r F l a m m a b l e a n d Co m b u s t i b l e L i q -
u i d s , F i ft h E d i t i o n , D e c e m b e r 1961; o r
N o . 80, S t a n d a r d fo r S t e e l I n s i d e T a n k s
fo r Oi l -B u r n e r F u e l , S e p t e m b e r 1963.
(2) A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e
S t a n d a r d s N o . 650, We l d e d S t e e l T a n k s
fo r Oi l S t o r a g e , T h i r d E d i t i o n , 1966.
(3) A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e
S t a n d a r d s N o . 12B , S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r
Bolt ed P r odu ct ion T a n k s, E leven t h
E d i t i o n , M a y 1958, a n d S u p p l e m e n t 1,
M a r c h 1962; N o . 12D , S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
L a r g e We l d e d P r o d u c t i o n T a n k s , S e v -
240
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
e n t h E d i t i o n , A u g u s t 1957; o r N o . 12F ,
S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r S m a l l We l d e d P r o d u c -
t i o n T a n k s , F i ft h E d i t i o n , M a r c h 1961.
T a n k s bu ilt in a ccor da n ce wit h t h ese
st a n da r ds sh a ll be u sed on ly a s pr odu c-
t i o n t a n k s fo r s t o r a g e o f c r u d e p e t r o -
l e u m i n o i l -p r o d u c i n g a r e a s .
(b) T a n k s d e s i g n e d fo r u n d e r g r o u n d
s e r v i c e n o t e x c e e d i n g 2,500 g a l l o n s c a -
pa cit y m a y be u sed a bovegr ou n d.
(c) L o w -p r e s s u r e t a n k s a n d p r e s s u r e
vessels m a y be u sed a s a t m osph er ic
t a n k s.
(d ) A t m o s p h e r i c t a n k s s h a l l n o t b e
u s e d fo r t h e s t o r a g e o f a fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu id a t a t em per a t u r e a t
or a bove it s boilin g poin t .
(i v ) L ow p ressu re t a n k s. (a ) T h e n o r -
m a l oper a t in g pr essu r e of t h e t a n k
sh a ll n ot exceed t h e design pr essu r e of
t he t ank .
(b) L o w -p r e s s u r e t a n k s s h a l l b e b u i l t
in a ccor da n ce wit h a ccept a ble st a n d-
a r d s o f d e s i g n . L o w -p r e s s u r e t a n k s m a y
b e b u i l t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e fo l -
lowin g con sen su s st a n da r ds t h a t a r e in -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6:
(1) A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e
S t a n d a r d N o . 620. R e c o m m e n d e d R u l e s
fo r t h e D e s i g n a n d Co n s t r u c t i o n o f
L a r g e , We l d e d , L o w -P r e s s u r e S t o r a g e
T a n k s , T h i r d E d i t i o n , 1966.
(2) T h e p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e Co d e fo r
U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s , S e c t i o n V I I I
of t h e AS ME Boiler a n d P r essu r e Ves-
s e l s Co d e , 1968.
(c) A t m o s p h e r i c t a n k s b u i l t a c c o r d -
i n g t o U n d e r w r i t e r s ’ L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c .,
r e q u i r e m e n t s i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i i i )(a ) o f
a n d s h a l l b e l i m i t e d t o 2.5 p .s .i .g . u n d e r
em er gen cy ven t in g con dit ion s.
T h i s p a r a g r a p h m a y b e u s e d fo r o p e r -
a t i n g p r e s s u r e s n o t e x c e e d i n g 1 p .s .i .g .
(d ) P r e s s u r e v e s s e l s m a y b e u s e d a s
l o w -p r e s s u r e t a n k s .
(v ) P ressu re v essels. (a ) T h e n o r m a l o p -
er a t in g pr essu r e of t h e vessel sh a ll n ot
exceed t h e design pr essu r e of t h e ves-
sel.
(b) P r e s s u r e v e s s e l s s h a l l b e b u i l t i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e Co d e fo r U n fi r e d
P r essu r e Vessels, S ect ion VIII of t h e
A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e
1968.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(v i ) P rov ision s f or in t ern a l corrosion .
Wh e n t a n k s a r e n o t d e s i g n e d i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h t h e Am er ica n P et r oleu m In -
st it u t e, Am er ica n S ociet y of Mech a n -
ica l E n gin eer s, or t h e Un der wr it er s’
L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c .’s , s t a n d a r d s , o r i f
cor r osion is a n t icipa t ed bey on d t h a t
p r o v i d e d fo r i n t h e d e s i g n fo r m u l a s
u sed, a ddit ion a l m et a l t h ick n ess or
su it a ble pr ot ect ive coa t in gs or lin in gs
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o c o m p e n s a t e fo r t h e
cor r osion loss expect ed du r in g t h e de-
s i g n l i fe o f t h e t a n k .
(2) I n st a lla t ion of ou t sid e a bov egrou n d
t a n k s.
(i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) S p a cin g (sh ell-t o-sh ell) bet w een
a bov egrou n d t a n k s. (a ) T h e d i s t a n c e b e -
t w e e n a n y t w o fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu id st or a ge t a n k s sh a ll n ot be
l e s s t h a n 3 fe e t .
(b) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(b )(2)(i i )(c) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e d i s t a n c e
bet ween a n y t wo a dja cen t t a n k s sh a ll
n o t b e l e s s t h a n o n e -s i x t h t h e s u m o f
t h e i r d i a m e t e r s . Wh e n t h e d i a m e t e r o f
o n e t a n k i s l e s s t h a n o n e -h a l f t h e d i -
a m et er of t h e a dja cen t t a n k , t h e dis-
t a n ce bet ween t h e t wo t a n k s sh a ll n ot
b e l e s s t h a n o n e -h a l f t h e d i a m e t e r o f
t h e sm a ller t a n k .
(c) Wh e r e c r u d e p e t r o l e u m i n c o n -
j u n c t i o n w i t h p r o d u c t i o n fa c i l i t i e s a r e
loca t ed in n on con gest ed a r ea s a n d h a ve
c a p a c i t i e s n o t e x c e e d i n g 126,000 g a l l o n s
(3,000 b a r r e l s ), t h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n
s u c h t a n k s s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n 3 fe e t .
(d ) Wh e r e u n s t a b l e fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu ids a r e st or ed, t h e dis-
t a n ce bet ween su ch t a n k s sh a ll n ot be
l e s s t h a n o n e -h a l f t h e s u m o f t h e i r d i -
a m et er s.
(e) Wh e n t a n k s a r e c o m p a c t e d i n
t h r ee or m or e r ows or in a n ir r egu la r
pa t t er n , gr ea t er spa cin g or ot h er
m ea n s sh a ll be pr ovided so t h a t in side
t a n k s a r e a c c e s s i b l e fo r fi r e fi g h t i n g
pu r poses.
(f ) T h e m i n i m u m s e p a r a t i o n b e t w e e n
a l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s c o n t a i n e r
a n d a fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d
s t o r a g e t a n k s h a l l b e 20 fe e t , e x c e p t i n
t h e c a s e o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu id t a n k s oper a t in g a t pr essu r es ex-
c e e d i n g 2.5 p .s .i .g . o r e q u i p p e d w i t h
em er gen cy ven t in g wh ich will per m it
p r e s s u r e s t o e x c e e d 2.5 p .s .i .g . i n w h i c h
c a s e t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b d i v i s i o n s (a )
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n d (b) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n s h a l l a p p l y .
241
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00251 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
S u it a ble m ea n s sh a ll be t a k en t o pr e-
v e n t t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu ids u n der a dja cen t liq-
u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s c o n t a i n e r s s u c h
a s b y d i v e r s i o n c u r b s o r g r a d i n g . Wh e n
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s t o r -
a ge t a n k s a r e wit h in a dik ed a r ea , t h e
l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s c o n t a i n e r s
sh a ll be ou t side t h e dik ed a r ea a n d a t
l e a s t 10 fe e t a w a y fr o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e
o f t h e w a l l o f t h e d i k e d a r e a . T h e fo r e -
goin g pr ovision s sh a ll n ot a pply wh en
l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s c o n t a i n e r s o f
125 g a l l o n s o r l e s s c a p a c i t y a r e i n -
s t a l l e d a d j a c e n t t o fu e l o i l s u p p l y
t a n k s o f 550 g a l l o n s o r l e s s c a p a c i t y .
(i i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i v ) N orm a l v en t in g f or a bov egrou n d
t a n k s. (a ) A t m o s p h e r i c s t o r a g e t a n k s
sh a ll be a dequ a t ely ven t ed t o pr even t
t h e developm en t of va cu u m or pr essu r e
s u ffi c i e n t t o d i s t o r t t h e r o o f o f a c o n e
r oof t a n k or exceedin g t h e design pr es-
su r e in t h e ca se of ot h er a t m osph er ic
t a n k s , a s a r e s u l t o f fi l l i n g o r
em pt y in g, a n d a t m osph er ic t em per a -
t u r e ch a n ges.
(b) N o r m a l v e n t s s h a l l b e s i ze d e i t h e r
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h : (1) T h e A m e r i c a n
P et r oleu m I n s t i t u t e S t a n d a r d 2000
(1968), V e n t i n g A t m o s p h e r i c a n d L o w -
P r essu r e S t or a ge T a n k s, wh ich is in -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6; o r (2) o t h e r a c c e p t e d s t a n d a r d ;
o r (3) s h a l l b e a t l e a s t a s l a r g e a s t h e
fi l l i n g or wit h dr a wa l con n ect ion ,
wh ich ever is la r ger bu t in n o ca se less
t h a n 11⁄4 i n c h n o m i n a l i n s i d e d i a m e t e r .
(c) L o w -p r e s s u r e t a n k s a n d p r e s s u r e
vessels sh a ll be a dequ a t ely ven t ed t o
pr even t developm en t of pr essu r e or
v a c u u m , a s a r e s u l t o f fi l l i n g o r
em pt y in g a n d a t m osph er ic t em per a -
t u r e c h a n g e s , fr o m e x c e e d i n g t h e d e -
sign pr essu r e of t h e t a n k or vessel.
P r ot ect ion sh a ll a lso be pr ovided t o
p r e v e n t o v e r p r e s s u r e fr o m a n y p u m p
disch a r gin g in t o t h e t a n k or vessel
wh en t h e pu m p disch a r ge pr essu r e ca n
exceed t h e design pr essu r e of t h e t a n k
or vessel.
(d ) I f a n y t a n k o r p r e s s u r e v e s s e l h a s
m o r e t h a n o n e fi l l o r w i t h d r a w a l c o n -
n e c t i o n a n d s i m u l t a n e o u s fi l l i n g o r
w i t h d r a w a l c a n b e m a d e , t h e v e n t s i ze
sh a ll be ba sed on t h e m a xim u m a n t ici-
p a t e d s i m u l t a n e o u s fl o w .
(e) U n l e s s t h e v e n t i s d e s i g n e d t o
l i m i t t h e i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e 2.5 p .s .i . o r
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

less, t h e ou t let of ven t s a n d ven t dr a in s (b) I n a v e r t i c a l t a n k t h e c o n s t r u c -

sh a ll be a r r a n ged t o disch a r ge in su ch
a m a n n e r a s t o p r e v e n t l o c a l i ze d o v e r -
h ea t in g of a n y pa r t of t h e t a n k in t h e
e v e n t v a p o r s fr o m s u c h v e n t s a r e i g -
n it ed.
(f ) T a n k s a n d p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s s t o r i n g
Cl a s s I A l i q u i d s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h
ven t in g devices wh ich sh a ll be n or -
m a lly closed except wh en ven t in g t o
pr essu r e or va cu u m con dit ion s. T a n k s
a n d p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s s t o r i n g Cl a s s I B
a n d IC liqu ids sh a ll be equ ipped wit h
ven t in g devices wh ich sh a ll be n or -
m a lly closed except wh en ven t in g
u n der pr essu r e or va cu u m con dit ion s,
o r w i t h a p p r o v e d fl a m e a r r e s t e r s .
E x e m p t i o n : T a n k s o f 3,000 b b l s . c a p a c -
it y or less con t a in in g cr u de pet r oleu m
i n c r u d e -p r o d u c i n g a r e a s ; a n d , o u t s i d e
a bovegr ou n d a t m osph er ic t a n k s u n der
1,000 g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y c o n t a i n i n g o t h e r
t h a n Cl a s s I A fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s m a y
h a v e o p e n v e n t s . (S e e s u b d i v i s i o n
(v i )(b) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h .)
(g) F l a m e a r r e s t e r s o r v e n t i n g d e -
v i c e s r e q u i r e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (f ) o f t h i s
s u b d i v i s i o n m a y b e o m i t t e d fo r Cl a s s
IB a n d IC liqu ids wh er e con dit ion s a r e
su ch t h a t t h eir u se m a y , in ca se of ob-
st r u ct ion , r esu lt in t a n k da m a ge.
(v ) E m ergen cy relief v en t in g f or f ire ex -
p osu re f or a bov egrou n d t a n k s. (a ) E v e r y
a bovegr ou n d st or a ge t a n k sh a ll h a ve
s o m e fo r m o f c o n s t r u c t i o n o r d e v i c e
t h a t will r elieve excessive in t er n a l
p r e s s u r e c a u s e d b y e x p o s u r e fi r e s .
TABLE H–10—WETTED AREA VERSUS CUBIC FEET FREE AIR PER HOUR
[14.7 psia and 60 °F.]
t i o n r e fe r r e d t o i n s u b d i v i s i o n (a ) o f
t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n m a y t a k e t h e fo r m o f a
fl o a t i n g r o o f, l i ft e r r o o f, a w e a k r o o f-
t o -s h e l l s e a m , o r o t h e r a p p r o v e d p r e s -
su r e r elievin g con st r u ct ion . T h e wea k
r o o f-t o -s h e l l s e a m s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d
t o fa i l p r e fe r e n t i a l t o a n y o t h e r s e a m .
(c) Wh e r e e n t i r e d e p e n d e n c e fo r e m e r -
gen cy r elief is pla ced u pon pr essu r e r e-
lievin g devices, t h e t ot a l ven t in g ca -
pa cit y of bot h n or m a l a n d em er gen cy
ven t s sh a ll be en ou gh t o pr even t r u p-
t u r e of t h e sh ell or bot t om of t h e t a n k
if ver t ica l, or of t h e sh ell or h ea ds if
h o r i zo n t a l . I f u n s t a b l e l i q u i d s a r e
s t o r e d , t h e e ffe c t s o f h e a t o r g a s r e s u l t -
i n g fr o m p o l y m e r i za t i o n , d e c o m p o s i -
t i o n , c o n d e n s a t i o n , o r s e l f-r e a c t i v i t y
sh a ll be t a k en in t o a ccou n t . T h e t ot a l
ca pa cit y of bot h n or m a l a n d em er gen cy
ven t in g devices sh a ll be n ot less t h a n
t h a t d e r i v e d fr o m T a b l e H –10 e x c e p t a s
p r o v i d e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (e) o r (f ) o f t h i s
s u b d i v i s i o n . S u c h d e v i c e m a y b e a s e l f-
closin g m a n h ole cover , or on e u sin g
l o n g b o l t s t h a t p e r m i t t h e c o v e r t o l i ft
u n der in t er n a l pr essu r e, or a n a ddi-
t ion a l or la r ger r elief va lve or va lves.
T h e wet t ed a r ea of t h e t a n k sh a ll be
c a l c u l a t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f 55 p e r c e n t o f
t h e t ot a l exposed a r ea of a sph er e or
s p h e r o i d , 75 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l e x -
p o s e d a r e a o f a h o r i zo n t a l t a n k a n d t h e
fi r s t 30 fe e t a b o v e g r a d e o f t h e e x p o s e d
sh ell a r ea of a ver t ica l t a n k .

Square feet CFH Square feet CFH Square feet CFH

20 21,100 200 211,000 1,000 524,000

30 31,600 250 239,000 1,200 557,000
40 42,100 300 265,000 1,400 587,000
50 52,700 350 288,000 1,600 614,000
60 63,200 400 312,000 1,800 639,000
70 73,700 500 354,000 2,000 662,000
80 84,200 600 392,000 2,400 704,000
90 94,800 700 428,000 2,800 742,000
100 105,000 800 462,000 and
120 126,000 900 493,000 over
140 147,000 1,000 524,000
160 168,000
180 190,000
200 211,000

(d ) F o r t a n k s a n d s t o r a g e v e s s e l s d e - except t h a t wh en t h e exposed wet t ed

s i g n e d fo r p r e s s u r e o v e r 1 p .s .i .g ., t h e a r e a o f t h e s u r fa c e i s g r e a t e r t h a n 2,800
t ot a l r a t e of ven t in g sh a ll be det er - s q u a r e fe e t , t h e t o t a l r a t e o f v e n t i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

m i n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –10,

242

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00252 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g
fo r m u l a :
CF H = 1,107A 0.82
Wh e r e ;
CF H = V e n t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t , i n c u b i c fe e t o f
fr e e a i r p e r h o u r .
A = E x p o s e d w e t t e d s u r fa c e , i n s q u a r e fe e t .
N OT E : T h e fo r e g o i n g fo r m u l a i s b a s e d o n
Q =21,000A 0.82.
(e) T h e t o t a l e m e r g e n c y r e l i e f v e n t -
i n g c a p a c i t y fo r a n y s p e c i fi c s t a b l e l i q -
u i d m a y b e d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e fo l -
l o w i n g fo r m u l a :
V = 1337 ÷ L √M
V = Cu b i c fe e t o f fr e e a i r p e r h o u r fr o m T a b l e
H –10.
L = L a t e n t h e a t o f v a p o r i za t i o n o f s p e c i fi c
l i q u i d i n B .t .u . p e r p o u n d .
M = M o l e c u l a r w e i g h t o f s p e c i fi c l i q u i d s .
(f ) T h e r e q u i r e d a i r fl o w r a t e o f s u b -
d i v i s i o n (c) o r (e) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n
m a y be m u lt iplied by t h e a ppr opr ia t e
fa c t o r l i s t e d i n t h e fo l l o w i n g s c h e d u l e
wh en pr ot ect ion is pr ovided a s in di-
c a t e d . On l y o n e fa c t o r m a y b e u s e d fo r
a n y on e t a n k .
0.5 fo r d r a i n a g e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u b d i v i -
s i o n (v i i )(b) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h fo r t a n k s
o v e r 200 s q u a r e fe e t o f w e t t e d a r e a .
0.3 fo r a p p r o v e d w a t e r s p r a y .
0.3 fo r a p p r o v e d i n s u l a t i o n .
0.15 fo r a p p r o v e d w a t e r s p r a y w i t h a p -
pr oved in su la t ion .
(g) T h e o u t l e t o f a l l v e n t s a n d v e n t
dr a in s on t a n k s equ ipped wit h em er -
gen cy ven t in g t o per m it pr essu r es ex-
c e e d i n g 2.5 p .s .i .g . s h a l l b e a r r a n g e d t o
disch a r ge in su ch a wa y a s t o pr even t
l o c a l i ze d o v e r h e a t i n g o f a n y p a r t o f t h e
t a n k , i n t h e e v e n t v a p o r s fr o m s u c h
ven t s a r e ign it ed.
(h ) E a c h c o m m e r c i a l t a n k v e n t i n g
device sh a ll h a ve st a m ped on it t h e
open in g pr essu r e, t h e pr essu r e a t wh ich
t h e v a l v e r e a c h e s t h e fu l l o p e n p o s i -
t i o n , a n d t h e fl o w c a p a c i t y a t t h e l a t -
t e r p r e s s u r e , e x p r e s s e d i n c u b i c fe e t p e r
h o u r o f a i r a t 60 °F . a n d a t a p r e s s u r e
o f 14.7 p .s .i .a .
(i) T h e fl o w c a p a c i t y o f t a n k v e n t i n g
d e v i c e s 12 i n c h e s a n d s m a l l e r i n n o m i -
n a l p i p e s i ze s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d b y a c -
t u a l t e s t o f e a c h t y p e a n d s i ze o f v e n t .
T h e s e fl o w t e s t s m a y b e c o n d u c t e d b y
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r i f c e r t i fi e d b y a
q u a l i fi e d i m p a r t i a l o b s e r v e r , o r m a y b e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
con du ct ed by a n ou t side a gen cy . T h e
243
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00253 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
fl o w c a p a c i t y o f t a n k v e n t i n g d e v i c e s
l a r g e r t h a n 12 i n c h e s n o m i n a l p i p e s i ze ,
in clu din g m a n h ole cover s wit h lon g
bolt s or equ iva len t , m a y be ca lcu la t ed
pr ovided t h a t t h e open in g pr essu r e is
a ct u a lly m ea su r ed, t h e r a t in g pr essu r e
a n d c o r r e s p o n d i n g fr e e o r i fi c e a r e a a r e
s t a t e d , t h e w o r d ‘‘c a l c u l a t e d ’’ a p p e a r s
on t h e n a m epla t e, a n d t h e com pu t a t ion
i s b a s e d o n a fl o w c o e ffi c i e n t o f 0.5 a p -
p l i e d t o t h e r a t e d o r i fi c e a r e a .
(v i ) V en t p ip in g f or a bov egrou n d t a n k s.
(a ) V e n t p i p i n g s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(b) Wh e r e v e n t p i p e o u t l e t s fo r t a n k s
s t o r i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e a d j a c e n t t o
bu ildin gs or pu blic wa y s, t h ey sh a ll be
loca t ed so t h a t t h e va por s a r e r elea sed
a t a s a fe p o i n t o u t s i d e o f b u i l d i n g s a n d
n o t l e s s t h a n 12 fe e t a b o v e t h e a d j a c e n t
gr ou n d level. In or der t o a id t h eir dis-
per sion , va por s sh a ll be disch a r ged u p-
w a r d o r h o r i zo n t a l l y a w a y fr o m c l o s e l y
a dja cen t wa lls. Ven t ou t let s sh a ll be
l o c a t e d s o t h a t fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s w i l l
n ot be t r a pped by ea ves or ot h er ob-
s t r u c t i o n s a n d s h a l l b e a t l e a s t fi v e
fe e t fr o m b u i l d i n g o p e n i n g s .
(c) Wh e n t ank ven t pipin g is
m a n i fo l d e d , p i p e s i ze s s h a l l b e s u c h a s
t o disch a r ge, wit h in t h e pr essu r e lim i-
t a t ion s of t h e sy st em , t h e va por s t h ey
m a y be r equ ir ed t o h a n dle wh en
m a n i fo l d e d t a n k s a r e s u b j e c t t o t h e
s a m e fi r e e x p o s u r e .
(v i i ) D ra in a ge, d ik es, a n d w a lls f or
a bov egrou n d t a n k s— (a ) D ra in a ge a n d
d ik ed a rea s. T h e a r e a s u r r o u n d i n g a
t a n k or a gr ou p of t a n k s sh a ll be pr o-
vided wit h dr a in a ge a s in su bdivision
(b) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n , o r s h a l l b e d i k e d
a s p r o v i d e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (c) o f t h i s
su bdivision , t o pr even t a cciden t a l dis-
c h a r g e o f l i q u i d fr o m e n d a n g e r i n g a d -
join in g pr oper t y or r ea ch in g wa t er -
wa y s.
(b) D ra in a ge. Wh e r e p r o t e c t i o n o f a d -
join in g pr oper t y or wa t er wa y s is by
m ea n s of a n a t u r a l or m a n m a de dr a in -
a ge sy st em , su ch sy st em s sh a ll com ply
w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(1) [R e s e r v e d ]
(2) T h e d r a i n a g e s y s t e m s h a l l t e r m i -
n a t e in va ca n t la n d or ot h er a r ea or in
a n im pou n din g ba sin h a vin g a ca pa cit y
n ot sm a ller t h a n t h a t of t h e la r gest
t a n k ser ved. T h is t er m in a t ion a r ea a n d
t h e r ou t e of t h e dr a in a ge sy st em sh a ll
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
b e s o l o c a t e d t h a t , i f t h e fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu ids in t h e dr a in a ge
s y s t e m a r e i g n i t e d , t h e fi r e w i l l n o t s e -
r iou sly expose t a n k s or a djoin in g pr op-
er t y .
(c) D ik ed a rea s. Wh e r e p r o t e c t i o n o f
a djoin in g pr oper t y or wa t er wa y s is a c-
com plish ed by r et a in in g t h e liqu id
a r ou n d t h e t a n k by m ea n s of a dik e,
t h e volu m e of t h e dik ed a r ea sh a ll
c o m p l y w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e -
m en t s:
(1) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n
(2) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n , t h e v o l u m e t r i c
ca pa cit y of t h e dik ed a r ea sh a ll n ot be
less t h a n t h e gr ea t est a m ou n t of liqu id
t h a t c a n b e r e l e a s e d fr o m t h e l a r g e s t
t a n k wit h in t h e dik ed a r ea , a ssu m in g a
fu l l t a n k . T h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e d i k e d
a r ea en closin g m or e t h a n on e t a n k
sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed by dedu ct in g t h e
volu m e of t h e t a n k s ot h er t h a n t h e
la r gest t a n k below t h e h eigh t of t h e
dik e.
(2) F o r a t a n k o r g r o u p o f t a n k s w i t h
fi x e d r o o fs c o n t a i n i n g c r u d e p e t r o l e u m
wit h boilover ch a r a ct er ist ics, t h e volu -
m et r ic ca pa cit y of t h e dik ed a r ea sh a ll
be n ot less t h a n t h e ca pa cit y of t h e
la r gest t a n k ser ved by t h e en closu r e,
a s s u m i n g a fu l l t a n k . T h e c a p a c i t y o f
t h e dik ed en closu r e sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed
by dedu ct in g t h e volu m e below t h e
h eigh t of t h e dik e of a ll t a n k s wit h in
t h e en closu r e.
(3) Wa l l s o f t h e d i k e d a r e a s h a l l b e o f
ea r t h , st eel, con cr et e or solid m a son r y
design ed t o be liqu idt igh t a n d t o wit h -
s t a n d a fu l l h y d r o s t a t i c h e a d . E a r t h e n
w a l l s 3 fe e t o r m o r e i n h e i g h t s h a l l
h a v e a fl a t s e c t i o n a t t h e t o p n o t l e s s
t h a n 2 fe e t w i d e . T h e s l o p e o f a n e a r t h -
en wa ll sh a ll be con sist en t wit h t h e
a n gle of r epose of t h e m a t er ia l of wh ich
t h e wa ll is con st r u ct ed.
(4) T h e w a l l s o f t h e d i k e d a r e a s h a l l
be r est r ict ed t o a n a ver a ge h eigh t of 6
fe e t a b o v e i n t e r i o r g r a d e .
(5) [R e s e r v e d ]
(6) N o l o o s e c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l ,
e m p t y o r fu l l d r u m o r b a r r e l , s h a l l b e
per m it t ed wit h in t h e dik ed a r ea .
(v i i i ) T a n k op en in gs ot h er t h a n v en t s
f or a bov egrou n d t a n k s.
(a )–(c) [R e s e r v e d ]
(d ) Op e n i n g s fo r g a g i n g s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h a va por t igh t ca p or cover .
(e) F o r Cl a s s I B a n d Cl a s s I C l i q u i d s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ot h er t h a n cr u de oils, ga solin es, a n d
244
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a s p h a l t s , t h e fi l l p i p e s h a l l b e s o d e -
s i g n e d a n d i n s t a l l e d a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e
possibilit y of gen er a t in g st a t ic elec-
t r i c i t y . A fi l l p i p e e n t e r i n g t h e t o p o f a
t a n k sh a ll t er m in a t e wit h in 6 in ch es of
t h e bot t om of t h e t a n k a n d sh a ll be in -
st a lled t o a void excessive vibr a t ion .
(f ) F i l l i n g a n d e m p t y i n g c o n n e c t i o n s
wh ich a r e m a de a n d br ok en sh a ll be lo-
ca t ed ou t side of bu ildin gs a t a loca t ion
fr e e fr o m a n y s o u r c e o f i g n i t i o n a n d
n o t l e s s t h a n 5 fe e t a w a y fr o m a n y
bu ildin g open in g. S u ch con n ect ion
sh a ll be closed a n d liqu idt igh t wh en
n ot in u se. T h e con n ect ion sh a ll be
p r o p e r l y i d e n t i fi e d .
(3) I n st a lla t ion of u n d ergrou n d t a n k s—
(i ) L oca t ion . E x c a v a t i o n fo r u n d e r -
gr ou n d st or a ge t a n k s sh a ll be m a de
wit h du e ca r e t o a void u n der m in in g of
fo u n d a t i o n s o f e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e s . U n -
der gr ou n d t a n k s or t a n k s u n der bu ild-
in gs sh a ll be so loca t ed wit h r espect t o
e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g fo u n d a t i o n s a n d s u p -
por t s t h a t t h e loa ds ca r r ied by t h e la t -
t er ca n n ot be t r a n sm it t ed t o t h e t a n k .
T h e d i s t a n c e fr o m a n y p a r t o f a t a n k
s t o r i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s t o t h e n e a r e s t
wa ll of a n y ba sem en t or pit sh a ll be
n o t l e s s t h a n 1 fo o t , a n d t o a n y p r o p -
er t y lin e t h a t m a y be bu ilt u pon , n ot
l e s s t h a n 3 fe e t . T h e d i s t a n c e fr o m a n y
p a r t o f a t a n k s t o r i n g Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s
III liqu ids t o t h e n ea r est wa ll of a n y
ba sem en t , pit or pr oper t y lin e sh a ll be
n o t l e s s t h a n 1 fo o t .
(i i ) D ep t h a n d cov er. U n d e r g r o u n d
t a n k s s h a l l b e s e t o n fi r m fo u n d a t i o n s
a n d su r r ou n ded wit h a t lea st 6 in ch es
of n on cor r osive, in er t m a t er ia ls su ch
a s clea n sa n d, ea r t h , or gr a vel well
t a m ped in pla ce. T h e t a n k sh a ll be
pla ced in t h e h ole wit h ca r e sin ce dr op-
pin g or r ollin g t h e t a n k in t o t h e h ole
ca n br ea k a weld, pu n ct u r e or da m a ge
t h e t a n k , o r s c r a p e o ff t h e p r o t e c t i v e
coa t in g of coa t ed t a n k s. T a n k s sh a ll be
c o v e r e d w i t h a m i n i m u m o f 2 fe e t o f
ea r t h , or sh a ll be cover ed wit h n ot less
t h a n 1 fo o t o f e a r t h , o n t o p o f w h i c h
s h a l l b e p l a c e d a s l a b o f r e i n fo r c e d c o n -
cr et e n ot less t h a n 4 in ch es t h ick .
Wh e n u n d e r g r o u n d t a n k s a r e , o r a r e
l i k e l y t o b e , s u b j e c t t o t r a ffi c , t h e y
s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t d a m a g e fr o m
veh icles pa ssin g over t h em by a t lea st
3 fe e t o f e a r t h c o v e r , o r 18 i n c h e s o f
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
w e l l -t a m p e d e a r t h , p l u s 6 i n c h e s o f r e -
i n fo r c e d c o n c r e t e o r 8 i n c h e s o f a s p h a l -
t i c c o n c r e t e . Wh e n a s p h a l t i c o r r e i n -
fo r c e d c o n c r e t e p a v i n g i s u s e d a s p a r t
of t h e pr ot ect ion , it sh a ll ext en d a t
l e a s t 1 fo o t h o r i zo n t a l l y b e y o n d t h e
ou t lin e of t h e t a n k in a ll dir ect ion s.
(i i i ) Corrosion p rot ect ion . Co r r o s i o n
p r o t e c t i o n fo r t h e t a n k a n d i t s p i p i n g
sh a ll be pr ovided by on e or m or e of t h e
fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d s :
(a ) U s e o f p r o t e c t i v e c o a t i n g s o r
wr a ppin gs;
(b) Ca t h o d i c p r o t e c t i o n ; o r ,
(c) Co r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t m a t e r i a l s o f
con st r u ct ion .
(i v ) V en t s. (a ) L o c a t i o n a n d a r r a n g e -
m e n t o f v e n t s fo r Cl a s s I l i q u i d s . V e n t
p i p e s fr o m t a n k s s t o r i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s
sh a ll be so loca t ed t h a t t h e disch a r ge
poin t is ou t side of bu ildin gs, h igh er
t h a n t h e fi l l p i p e o p e n i n g , a n d n o t l e s s
t h a n 12 fe e t a b o v e t h e a d j a c e n t g r o u n d
level. Ven t pipes sh a ll disch a r ge on ly
u pwa r d in or der t o disper se va por s.
Ven t pipes 2 in ch es or less in n om in a l
in side dia m et er sh a ll n ot be obst r u ct ed
by devices t h a t will ca u se excessive
ba ck pr essu r e. Ven t pipe ou t let s sh a ll
b e s o l o c a t e d t h a t fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s
will n ot en t er bu ildin g open in gs, or be
t r a pped u n der ea ves or ot h er obst r u c-
t i o n s . I f t h e v e n t p i p e i s l e s s t h a n 10
fe e t i n l e n g t h , o r g r e a t e r t h a n 2 i n c h e s
in n om in a l in side dia m et er , t h e ou t let
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a va cu u m a n d
pr essu r e r elief device or t h er e sh a ll be
a n a p p r o v e d fl a m e a r r e s t e r l o c a t e d i n
t h e ven t lin e a t t h e ou t let or wit h in
t h e a p p r o v e d d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e o u t l e t .
(b) S i ze o f v e n t s . E a c h t a n k s h a l l b e
v e n t e d t h r o u g h p i p i n g a d e q u a t e i n s i ze
t o p r e v e n t b l o w -b a c k o f v a p o r o r l i q u i d
a t t h e fi l l o p e n i n g w h i l e t h e t a n k i s
b e i n g fi l l e d . V e n t p i p e s s h a l l b e n o t l e s s
t h a n 11⁄4 i n c h n o m i n a l i n s i d e d i a m e t e r .
TABLE H–11—VENT LINE DIAMETERS
Pipe length 1
Maximum flow GPM
50 feet 100 feet
Inches Inches
100 ....................................... 11⁄4 11⁄4
200 ....................................... 11⁄4 11⁄4
300 ....................................... 11⁄4 11⁄4
400 ....................................... 11⁄4 11⁄2
500 ....................................... 11⁄2 11⁄2
600 ....................................... 11⁄2 2 2
700 ....................................... 2 2
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
800 ....................................... 2 2
900 ....................................... 2 2
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00255
§ 1910.106
TABLE H–11—VENT LINE DIAMETERS—
Continued
Pipe length 1
Maximum flow GPM
50 feet 100 feet 200 feet
1,000 .................................... 2 2 3
1 Vent lines of 50 ft., 100 ft., and 200 ft. of pipe plus 7 ells.
(c) L o c a t i o n a n d a r r a n g e m e n t o f
v e n t s fo r Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s .
V e n t p i p e s fr o m t a n k s s t o r i n g Cl a s s I I
o r Cl a s s I I I fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l t e r -
m in a t e ou t side of t h e bu ildin g a n d
h i g h e r t h a n t h e fi l l p i p e o p e n i n g . V e n t
ou t let s sh a ll be a bove n or m a l sn ow
l e v e l . T h e y m a y b e fi t t e d w i t h r e t u r n
ben ds, coa r se scr een s or ot h er devices
t o m i n i m i ze i n g r e s s o f fo r e i g n m a t e -
r ia l.
(d ) V e n t p i p i n g s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c) o f
t h is sect ion . Ven t pipes sh a ll be so la id
a s t o dr a in t owa r d t h e t a n k wit h ou t
sa gs or t r a ps in wh ich liqu id ca n col-
lect . T h ey sh a ll be loca t ed so t h a t t h ey
will n ot be su bject ed t o ph y sica l da m -
a ge. T h e t a n k en d of t h e ven t pipe sh a ll
en t er t h e t a n k t h r ou gh t h e t op.
(e) Wh e n t ank ven t pipin g is
m a n i fo l d e d , p i p e s i ze s s h a l l b e s u c h a s
t o disch a r ge, wit h in t h e pr essu r e lim i-
t a t ion s of t h e sy st em , t h e va por s t h ey
m a y be r equ ir ed t o h a n dle wh en
m a n i fo l d e d t a n k s a r e fi l l e d s i m u l t a -
n eou sly .
(v ) T a n k op en in gs ot h er t h a n v en t s. (a )
Co n n e c t i o n s fo r a l l t a n k o p e n i n g s s h a l l
be va por or liqu id t igh t .
(b) Op e n i n g s fo r m a n u a l g a g i n g , i f
i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e fi l l p i p e , s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d w i t h a l i q u i d -t i g h t c a p o r
cover . If in side a bu ildin g, ea ch su ch
open in g sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st liq-
u i d o v e r fl o w a n d p o s s i b l e v a p o r r e l e a s e
by m ea n s of a spr in g loa ded ch eck
va lve or ot h er a ppr oved device.
(c) F i l l a n d d i s c h a r g e l i n e s s h a l l
en t er t a n k s on ly t h r ou gh t h e t op. F ill
lin es sh a ll be sloped t owa r d t h e t a n k .
(d ) F o r Cl a s s I B a n d Cl a s s I C l i q u i d s
200 feet
ot h er t h a n cr u de oils, ga solin es, a n d
Inches a s p h a l t s , t h e fi l l p i p e s h a l l b e s o d e -
11⁄4 s i g n e d a n d i n s t a l l e d a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e
11⁄4 possibilit y of gen er a t in g st a t ic elec-
11⁄2
2 t r icit y by t er m in a t in g wit h in 6 in ch es
2 of t h e bot t om of t h e t a n k .
(e) F i l l i n g a n d e m p t y i n g c o n n e c t i o n s
2
wh ich a r e m a de a n d br ok en sh a ll be lo-
3
3 ca t ed ou t side of bu ildin gs a t a loca t ion
245
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
fr e e fr o m a n y s o u r c e o f i g n i t i o n a n d
n o t l e s s t h a n 5 fe e t a w a y fr o m a n y
bu ildin g open in g. S u ch con n ect ion
sh a ll be closed a n d liqu idt igh t wh en
n ot in u se. T h e con n ect ion sh a ll be
p r o p e r l y i d e n t i fi e d .
(4) I n st a lla t ion of t a n k s in sid e of bu ild -
in gs—(i ) L oca t ion . T a n k s s h a l l n o t b e
per m it t ed in side of bu ildin gs except a s
p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (e ), (g ), (h ), o r
(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) V en t s. V e n t s fo r t a n k s i n s i d e o f
bu ildin gs sh a ll be a s pr ovided in su b-
p a r a g r a p h s (2) (i v ), (v ), (v i )(b), a n d
(3)(i v ) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h , e x c e p t t h a t
em er gen cy ven t in g by t h e u se of wea k
r oof sea m s on t a n k s sh a ll n ot be per -
m it t ed. Ven t s sh a ll disch a r ge va por s
ou t side t h e bu ildin gs.
(i i i ) V en t p ip in g. V e n t p i p i n g s h a l l b e
con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a -
g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i v ) T a n k op en in gs ot h er t h a n v en t s. (a )
Co n n e c t i o n s fo r a l l t a n k o p e n i n g s s h a l l
be va por or liqu idt igh t . Ven t s a r e cov-
e r e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a -
gr a ph .
(b) E a c h c o n n e c t i o n t o a t a n k i n s i d e
of bu ildin gs t h r ou gh wh ich liqu id ca n
n o r m a l l y fl o w s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
a n in t er n a l or a n ext er n a l va lve lo-
ca t ed a s close a s pr a ct ica l t o t h e sh ell
of t h e t a n k . S u ch va lves, wh en ext er -
n a l, a n d t h eir con n ect ion s t o t h e t a n k
sh a ll be of st eel except wh en t h e ch em -
ica l ch a r a ct er ist ics of t h e liqu id st or ed
a r e i n c o m p a t i b l e w i t h s t e e l . Wh e n m a -
t er ia ls ot h er t h a n st eel a r e n ecessa r y ,
t h e y s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r t h e p r e s s u r e s ,
st r u ct u r a l st r esses, a n d t em per a t u r es
i n v o l v e d , i n c l u d i n g fi r e e x p o s u r e s .
(c) F l a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d
t a n k s loca t ed in side of bu ildin gs, ex-
c e p t i n o n e -s t o r y b u i l d i n g s d e s i g n e d
a n d p r o t e c t e d fo r fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu id st or a ge, sh a ll be pr o-
v i d e d w i t h a n a u t o m a t i c -c l o s i n g h e a t -
a ct u a t ed va lve on ea ch wit h dr a wa l con -
n ect ion below t h e liqu id level, except
fo r c o n n e c t i o n s u s e d fo r e m e r g e n c y d i s -
p o s a l , t o p r e v e n t c o n t i n u e d fl o w i n t h e
e v e n t o f fi r e i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e t a n k .
T h i s fu n c t i o n m a y b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n
t h e v a l v e r e q u i r e d i n (b) o f t h i s s u b d i v i -
sion , a n d if a sepa r a t e va lve, sh a ll be
loca t ed a dja cen t t o t h e va lve r equ ir ed
i n (b) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n .
(d ) Op e n i n g s fo r m a n u a l g a g i n g , i f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e fi l l p i p e (s e e (f ) o f
246
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00256 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n ), s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a va por t igh t ca p or cover . E a ch
su ch open in g sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st
l i q u i d o v e r fl o w a n d p o s s i b l e v a p o r r e -
lea se by m ea n s of a spr in g loa ded ch eck
va lve or ot h er a ppr oved device.
(e) F o r Cl a s s I B a n d Cl a s s I C l i q u i d s
ot h er t h a n cr u de oils, ga solin es, a n d
a s p h a l t s , t h e fi l l p i p e s h a l l b e s o d e -
s i g n e d a n d i n s t a l l e d a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e
possibilit y of gen er a t in g st a t ic elec-
t r icit y by t er m in a t in g wit h in 6 in ch es
of t h e bot t om of t h e t a n k .
(f ) T h e fi l l p i p e i n s i d e o f t h e t a n k
sh a ll be in st a lled t o a void excessive vi-
br a t ion of t h e pipe.
(g) T h e i n l e t o f t h e fi l l p i p e s h a l l b e
loca t ed ou t side of bu ildin gs a t a loca -
t i o n fr e e fr o m a n y s o u r c e o f i g n i t i o n
a n d n o t l e s s t h a n 5 fe e t a w a y fr o m a n y
b u i l d i n g o p e n i n g . T h e i n l e t o f t h e fi l l
pipe sh a ll be closed a n d liqu idt igh t
w h e n n o t i n u s e . T h e fi l l c o n n e c t i o n
s h a l l b e p r o p e r l y i d e n t i fi e d .
(h ) T a n k s i n s i d e b u i l d i n g s s h a l l b e
equ ipped wit h a device, or ot h er m ea n s
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d , t o p r e v e n t o v e r fl o w
in t o t h e bu ildin g.
(5) S u p p ort s, f ou n d a t ion s, a n d a n ch or-
a ge f or a ll t a n k loca t ion s—(i ) Gen era l.
T a n k su ppor t s sh a ll be in st a lled on
fi r m fo u n d a t i o n s . T a n k s u p p o r t s s h a l l
be of con cr et e, m a son r y , or pr ot ect ed
s t e e l . S i n g l e w o o d t i m b e r s u p p o r t s (n o t
c r i b b i n g ) l a i d h o r i zo n t a l l y m a y b e u s e d
fo r o u t s i d e a b o v e g r o u n d t a n k s i f n o t
m o r e t h a n 12 i n c h e s h i g h a t t h e i r l o w -
est poin t .
(i i ) F ire resist a n ce. S t e e l s u p p o r t s o r
exposed pilin g sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by
m a t e r i a l s h a v i n g a fi r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t -
in g of n ot less t h a n 2 h ou r s, except t h a t
st eel sa ddles n eed n ot be pr ot ect ed if
l e s s t h a n 12 i n c h e s h i g h a t t h e i r l o w e s t
p o i n t . Wa t e r s p r a y p r o t e c t i o n o r i t s
e q u i v a l e n t m a y b e u s e d i n l i e u o f fi r e -
r esist ive m a t er ia ls t o pr ot ect su ppor t s.
(i i i ) S p h eres. T h e d e s i g n o f t h e s u p -
p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e fo r t a n k s s u c h a s
sph er es sh a ll r eceive specia l en gin eer -
in g con sider a t ion .
(i v ) L oa d d ist ribu t ion . E v e r y t a n k
sh a ll be so su ppor t ed a s t o pr even t t h e
excessive con cen t r a t ion of loa ds on t h e
su ppor t in g por t ion of t h e sh ell.
(v ) F ou n d a t ion s. T a n k s s h a l l r e s t o n
t h e g r o u n d o r o n fo u n d a t i o n s m a d e o f
con cr et e, m a son r y , pilin g, or st eel.
T a n k fo u n d a t i o n s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f u n e v e n s e t -
t l i n g o f t h e t a n k a n d t o m i n i m i ze c o r -
r osion in a n y pa r t of t h e t a n k r est in g
o n t h e fo u n d a t i o n .
(v i ) F lood a rea s. Wh e r e a t a n k i s l o -
ca t ed in a n a r ea t h a t m a y be su bject ed
t o fl o o d i n g , t h e a p p l i c a b l e p r e c a u t i o n s
ou t lin ed in t h is su bdivision sh a ll be ob-
ser ved.
(a ) N o a b o v e g r o u n d v e r t i c a l s t o r a g e
t a n k c o n t a i n i n g a fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu id sh a ll be loca t ed so t h a t
t h e a llowa ble liqu id level wit h in t h e
t a n k is below t h e est a blish ed m a x-
i m u m fl o o d s t a g e , u n l e s s t h e t a n k i s
pr ovided wit h a gu idin g st r u ct u r e su ch
a s d e s c r i b e d i n (m ), (n ), a n d (o) o f t h i s
su bdivision .
(b) I n d e p e n d e n t w a t e r s u p p l y fa c i l i -
t ies sh a ll be pr ovided a t loca t ion s
wh er e t h er e is n o a m ple a n d depen da ble
p u b l i c w a t e r s u p p l y a v a i l a b l e fo r l o a d -
in g pa r t ia lly em pt y t a n k s wit h wa t er .
(c) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e p r e c e d i n g r e -
qu ir em en t s, ea ch t a n k so loca t ed t h a t
m o r e t h a n 70 p e r c e n t , b u t l e s s t h a n 100
per cen t , of it s a llowa ble liqu id st or a ge
ca pa cit y will be su bm er ged a t t h e es-
t a b l i s h e d m a x i m u m fl o o d s t a g e , s h a l l
b e s a fe g u a r d e d b y o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
m et h ods: T a n k sh a ll be r a ised, or it s
h eigh t sh a ll be in cr ea sed, u n t il it s t op
e x t e n d s a b o v e t h e m a x i m u m fl o o d
s t a g e a d i s t a n c e e q u i v a l e n t t o 30 p e r -
cen t or m or e of it s a llowa ble liqu id
s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y : P rov id ed , h ow ev er,
T h a t t h e su bm er ged pa r t of t h e t a n k
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d t w o a n d o n e -h a l f t i m e s
t h e d i a m e t e r . Or , a s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t o
t h e fo r e g o i n g , a d e q u a t e n o n c o m b u s -
t ible st r u ct u r a l gu ides, design ed t o per -
m i t t h e t a n k t o fl o a t v e r t i c a l l y w i t h -
ou t loss of pr odu ct , sh a ll be pr ovided.
(d ) E a c h h o r i zo n t a l t a n k s o l o c a t e d
t h a t m o r e t h a n 70 p e r c e n t o f i t s s t o r -
a ge ca pa cit y will be su bm er ged a t t h e
e s t a b l i s h e d fl o o d s t a g e , s h a l l b e a n -
c h o r e d , a t t a c h e d t o a fo u n d a t i o n o f
con cr et e or of st eel a n d con cr et e, of
s u ffi c i e n t w e i g h t t o p r o v i d e a d e q u a t e
l o a d fo r t h e t a n k w h e n fi l l e d w i t h fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu id a n d su b-
m e r g e d b y fl o o d w a t e r s t o t h e e s t a b -
l i s h e d fl o o d s t a g e , o r a d e q u a t e l y s e -
cu r ed by ot h er m ea n s.
(e) [R e s e r v e d ]
(f ) A t l o c a t i o n s w h e r e t h e r e i s n o
a m ple a n d depen da ble wa t er su pply , or
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
w h e r e fi l l i n g o f u n d e r g r o u n d t a n k s
247
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00257 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
wit h liqu ids is im pr a ct ica ble beca u se of
t h e ch a r a ct er of t h eir con t en t s, t h eir
u s e , o r fo r o t h e r r e a s o n s , e a c h t a n k
s h a l l b e s a fe g u a r d e d a g a i n s t m o v e m e n t
wh en em pt y a n d su bm er ged by h igh
g r o u n d w a t e r o r fl o o d w a t e r s b y a n -
ch or in g, weigh t in g wit h con cr et e or
ot h er a ppr oved solid loa din g m a t er ia l,
or secu r in g by ot h er m ea n s. E a ch su ch
t a n k sh a ll be so con st r u ct ed a n d in -
s t a l l e d t h a t i t w i l l s a fe l y r e s i s t e x t e r -
n a l pr essu r es du e t o h igh gr ou n d wa t er
o r fl o o d w a t e r s .
(g) A t l o c a t i o n s w h e r e t h e r e i s a n
a m ple a n d depen da ble wa t er su pply
a va ila ble, u n der gr ou n d t a n k s con -
t a i n i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
u i d s , s o i n s t a l l e d t h a t m o r e t h a n 70
per cen t of t h eir st or a ge ca pa cit y will
b e s u b m e r g e d a t t h e m a x i m u m fl o o d
st a ge, sh a ll be so a n ch or ed, weigh t ed,
or secu r ed by ot h er m ea n s, a s t o pr e-
ven t m ovem en t of su ch t a n k s wh en
fi l l e d w i t h fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
l i q u i d s , a n d s u b m e r g e d b y fl o o d w a t e r s
t o t h e e s t a b l i s h e d fl o o d s t a g e .
(h ) P i p e c o n n e c t i o n s b e l o w t h e a l l o w -
a ble liqu id level in a t a n k sh a ll be pr o-
vided wit h va lves or cock s loca t ed a s
closely a s pr a ct ica ble t o t h e t a n k sh ell.
S u ch va lves a n d t h eir con n ect ion s t o
t a n k s sh a ll be of st eel or ot h er m a t e-
r i a l s u i t a b l e fo r u s e w i t h t h e l i q u i d
b e i n g s t o r e d . Ca s t i r o n s h a l l n o t b e p e r -
m it t ed.
(i) A t l o c a t i o n s w h e r e a n i n d e p e n d e n t
wa t er su pply is r equ ir ed, it sh a ll be en -
t ir ely in depen den t of pu blic power a n d
wa t er su pply . In depen den t sou r ce of
w a t e r s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e w h e n fl o o d w a -
t e r s r e a c h a l e v e l n o t l e s s t h a n 10 fe e t
below t h e bot t om of t h e lowest t a n k on
a pr oper t y .
(j) T h e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d p o w e r a n d
pu m pin g u n it sh a ll be so loca t ed or so
design ed t h a t pu m pin g in t o t a n k s m a y
be ca r r ied on con t in u ou sly t h r ou gh ou t
t h e r i s e i n fl o o d w a t e r s fr o m a l e v e l 10
fe e t b e l o w t h e l o w e s t t a n k t o t h e l e v e l
o f t h e p o t e n t i a l fl o o d s t a g e .
(k ) Ca p a c i t y o f t h e p u m p i n g u n i t
sh a ll be su ch t h a t t h e r a t e of r ise of
wa t er in a ll t a n k s sh a ll be equ iva len t
t o t h e est a blish ed pot en t ia l a ver a ge
r a t e o f r i s e o f fl o o d w a t e r s a t a n y
st a ge.
(l) E a c h i n d e p e n d e n t p u m p i n g u n i t
sh a ll be t est ed per iodica lly t o in su r e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
t h a t i t i s i n s a t i s fa c t o r y o p e r a t i n g c o n -
dit ion .
(m ) S t r u c t u r a l g u i d e s fo r h o l d i n g
fl o a t i n g t a n k s a b o v e t h e i r fo u n d a t i o n s
sh a ll be so design ed t h a t t h er e will be
n o r e s i s t a n c e t o t h e fr e e r i s e o f a t a n k ,
a n d sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of n on com bu s-
t ible m a t er ia l.
(n ) T h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e s t r u c t u r e
sh a ll be a dequ a t e t o r esist la t er a l
m ovem en t of a t a n k su bject t o a h or i-
zo n t a l fo r c e i n a n y d i r e c t i o n e q u i v a l e n t
t o n o t l e s s t h a n 25 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e
fo o t a c t i n g o n t h e p r o j e c t e d v e r t i c a l
c r o s s -s e c t i o n a l a r e a o f t h e t a n k .
(o) Wh e r e t a n k s a r e s i t u a t e d o n e x -
posed poin t s or ben ds in a sh or elin e
w h e r e s w i ft c u r r e n t s i n fl o o d w a t e r s
will be pr esen t , t h e st r u ct u r es sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d t o w i t h s t a n d a u n i t fo r c e o f
n o t l e s s t h a n 50 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
(p ) T h e fi l l i n g o f a t a n k t o b e p r o -
t ect ed by wa t er loa din g sh a ll be st a r t -
e d a s s o o n a s fl o o d w a t e r s r e a c h a d a n -
g e r o u s fl o o d s t a g e . T h e r a t e o f fi l l i n g
sh a ll be a t lea st equ a l t o t h e r a t e of
r i s e o f t h e fl o o d w a t e r s (o r t h e e s t a b -
l i s h e d a v e r a g e p o t e n t i a l r a t e o f r i s e ).
(q) S u ffi c i e n t fu e l t o o p e r a t e t h e
wa t er pu m ps sh a ll be a va ila ble a t a ll
t i m e s t o i n s u r e a d e q u a t e p o w e r t o fi l l
a ll t a n k a ge wit h wa t er .
(r) A l l v a l v e s o n c o n n e c t i n g p i p e l i n e s
sh a ll be closed a n d lock ed in closed po-
sit ion wh en wa t er loa din g h a s been
com plet ed.
(s) Wh e r e s t r u c t u r a l g u i d e s a r e p r o -
v i d e d fo r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f fl o a t i n g
t a n k s, a ll r igid con n ect ion s bet ween
t a n k s a n d pipelin es sh a ll be discon -
n e c t e d a n d b l a n k e d o ff o r b l i n d e d b e -
fo r e t h e fl o o d w a t e r s r e a c h t h e b o t t o m
of t h e t a n k , u n less con t r ol va lves a n d
t h eir con n ect ion s t o t h e t a n k a r e of a
t y pe design ed t o pr even t br ea k a ge be-
t ween t h e va lve a n d t h e t a n k sh ell.
(t ) A l l v a l v e s a t t a c h e d t o t a n k s o t h e r
t h a n t h ose u sed in con n ect ion wit h
wa t er loa din g oper a t ion s sh a ll be
closed a n d lock ed.
(u ) I f a t a n k i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a s w i n g
lin e, t h e swin g pipe sh a ll be r a ised t o
a n d secu r ed a t it s h igh est posit ion .
(v ) I n s p e c t i o n s . T h e A s s i s t a n t S e c -
r et a r y or h is design a t ed r epr esen t a t ive
sh a ll m a k e per iodic in spect ion s of a ll
p l a n t s w h e r e t h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m m a b l e
or com bu st ible liqu ids is su ch a s t o r e-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
q u i r e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e fo r e g o i n g r e -
248
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00258 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
q u i r e m e n t s , i n o r d e r t o a s s u r e t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(1) T h a t a l l fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu id st or a ge t a n k s a r e in com -
plia n ce wit h t h ese r equ ir em en t s a n d so
m a in t a in ed.
(2) T h a t d e t a i l e d p r i n t e d i n s t r u c t i o n s
o f w h a t t o d o i n fl o o d e m e r g e n c i e s a r e
pr oper ly post ed.
(3) T h a t s t a t i o n o p e r a t o r s a n d o t h e r
em ploy ees depen ded u pon t o ca r r y ou t
su ch in st r u ct ion s a r e t h or ou gh ly in -
fo r m e d a s t o t h e l o c a t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n
of su ch va lves a n d ot h er equ ipm en t
n e c e s s a r y t o e ffe c t t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s .
(v i i ) E a rt h qu a k e a rea s. I n a r e a s s u b -
ject t o ea r t h qu a k es, t h e t a n k su ppor t s
a n d con n ect ion s sh a ll be design ed t o
r esist da m a ge a s a r esu lt of su ch
sh ock s.
(6) S ou rces of ign it ion . I n l o c a t i o n s
w h e r e fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s m a y b e
pr esen t , pr eca u t ion s sh a ll be t a k en t o
pr even t ign it ion by elim in a t in g or con -
t r ollin g sou r ces of ign it ion . S ou r ces of
i g n i t i o n m a y i n c l u d e o p e n fl a m e s ,
ligh t n in g, sm ok in g, cu t t in g a n d weld-
i n g , h o t s u r fa c e s , fr i c t i o n a l h e a t ,
s p a r k s (s t a t i c , e l e c t r i c a l , a n d m e c h a n -
i c a l ), s p o n t a n e o u s i g n i t i o n , c h e m i c a l
a n d p h y s i c a l -c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s , a n d
r a dia n t h ea t .
(7) T est in g—(i ) Gen era l. A l l t a n k s ,
w h e t h e r s h o p b u i l t o r fi e l d e r e c t e d ,
s h a l l b e s t r e n g t h t e s t e d b e fo r e t h e y a r e
pla ced in ser vice in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e a pplica ble pa r a gr a ph s of t h e code
u n der wh ich t h ey wer e bu ilt . T h e
Am er ica n S ociet y of Mech a n ica l E n gi-
n e e r s (A S M E ) c o d e s t a m p , A m e r i c a n
P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e (A P I ) m o n o g r a m ,
or t h e la bel of t h e Un der wr it er s’ L a b-
o r a t o r i e s , I n c ., o n a t a n k s h a l l b e e v i -
den ce of com plia n ce wit h t h is st r en gt h
t est . T a n k s n ot m a r k ed in a ccor da n ce
wit h t h e a bove codes sh a ll be st r en gt h
t e s t e d b e fo r e t h e y a r e p l a c e d i n s e r v i c e
in a ccor da n ce wit h good en gin eer in g
p r i n c i p l e s a n d r e fe r e n c e s h a l l b e m a d e
t o t h e sect ion s on t est in g in t h e codes
l i s t e d i n s u b p a r a g r a p h s (1) (i i i )(a ),
(i v )(b), o r (v )(b) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
(i i ) S t ren gt h . Wh e n t h e v e r t i c a l
l e n g t h o f t h e fi l l a n d v e n t p i p e s i s s u c h
t h a t w h e n fi l l e d w i t h l i q u i d t h e s t a t i c
h ea d im posed u pon t h e bot t om of t h e
t a n k e x c e e d s 10 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n c h ,
t h e t a n k a n d r ela t ed pipin g sh a ll be
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t est ed h y dr ost a t ica lly t o a pr essu r e
equ a l t o t h e st a t ic h ea d t h u s im posed.
(i i i ) T igh t n ess. I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e
s t r e n g t h t e s t c a l l e d fo r i n s u b d i v i s i o n s
(i ) a n d (i i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h , a l l
t a n k s a n d con n ect ion s sh a ll be t est ed
fo r t i g h t n e s s . E x c e p t fo r u n d e r g r o u n d
t a n k s, t h is t igh t n ess t est sh a ll be m a de
a t oper a t in g pr essu r e wit h a ir , in er t
ga s, or wa t er pr ior t o pla cin g t h e t a n k
i n s e r v i c e . I n t h e c a s e o f fi e l d -e r e c t e d
t a n k s t h e st r en gt h t est m a y be con sid-
e r e d t o b e t h e t e s t fo r t a n k t i g h t n e s s .
U n d e r g r o u n d t a n k s a n d p i p i n g , b e fo r e
bein g cover ed, en closed, or pla ced in
u s e , s h a l l b e t e s t e d fo r t i g h t n e s s
h y dr ost a t ica lly , or wit h a ir pr essu r e a t
n ot less t h a n 3 pou n ds per squ a r e in ch
a n d n ot m or e t h a n 5 pou n ds per squ a r e
in ch .
(i v ) R ep a irs. A l l l e a k s o r d e fo r m a -
t ion s sh a ll be cor r ect ed in a n a ccept -
a b l e m a n n e r b e fo r e t h e t a n k i s p l a c e d
in ser vice. Mech a n ica l ca u lk in g is n ot
p e r m i t t e d fo r c o r r e c t i n g l e a k s i n w e l d -
ed t a n k s except pin h ole lea k s in t h e
r o o f.
(v ) D era t ed op era t ion s. T a n k s t o b e o p -
er a t ed a t pr essu r es below t h eir design
pr essu r e m a y be t est ed by t h e a pplica -
b l e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b d i v i s i o n (i ) o r (i i )
of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph , ba sed u pon t h e
p r e s s u r e d e v e l o p e d u n d e r fu l l e m e r -
gen cy ven t in g of t h e t a n k .
(c ) P ip in g, v a lv es, a n d f it t in gs—(1) Gen -
era l—(i ) D esign . T h e d e s i g n (i n c l u d i n g
s e l e c t i o n o f m a t e r i a l s ) fa b r i c a t i o n , a s -
sem bly , t est , a n d in spect ion of pipin g
s y s t e m s c o n t a i n i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r
t h e expect ed wor k in g pr essu r es a n d
s t r u c t u r a l s t r e s s e s . Co n fo r m i t y w i t h
t h e a pplica ble pr ovision s of P r essu r e
P i p i n g , A N S I B 31 s e r i e s a n d t h e p r o v i -
sion s of t h is pa r a gr a ph , sh a ll be con sid-
e r e d p r i m a fa c i e e v i d e n c e o f c o m p l i -
a n c e w i t h t h e fo r e g o i n g p r o v i s i o n s .
(i i ) E x cep t ion s. T h i s p a r a g r a p h d o e s
n o t a p p l y t o a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) T u b i n g o r c a s i n g o n a n y o i l o r g a s
wells a n d a n y pipin g con n ect ed dir ect ly
t h er et o.
(b) M o t o r v e h i c l e , a i r c r a ft , b o a t , o r
por t a ble or st a t ion a r y en gin es.
(c) P i p i n g w i t h i n t h e s c o p e o f a n y a p -
plica ble boiler a n d pr essu r es vessel
code.
(i i i ) D ef in it ion s. A s u s e d i n t h i s p a r a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
gr a ph , pipin g sy st em s con sist of pipe,
249
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00259 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
t u bin g, fl a n g e s , bolt in g, ga sk et s,
v a l v e s , fi t t i n g s , t h e p r e s s u r e c o n -
t a in in g pa r t s of ot h er com pon en t s su ch
a s expa n sion join t s a n d st r a in er s, a n d
devices wh ich ser ve su ch pu r poses a s
m ixin g, sepa r a t in g, sn u bbin g, dist r ib-
u t i n g , m e t e r i n g , o r c o n t r o l l i n g fl o w .
(2) M a t eria ls f or p ip in g, v a lv es, a n d f it -
t in gs—(i ) R equ ired m a t eria ls. M a t e r i a l s
fo r p i p i n g , v a l v e s , o r fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e
st eel, n odu la r ir on , or m a llea ble ir on ,
e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(2)
(i i ), (i i i ) a n d (i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) E x cep t ion s. M a t e r i a l s o t h e r t h a n
st eel, n odu la r ir on , or m a llea ble ir on
m a y be u sed u n der gr ou n d, or if r e-
q u i r e d b y t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu id h a n dled.
Ma t er ia l ot h er t h a n st eel, n odu la r ir on ,
or m a llea ble ir on sh a ll be design ed t o
s p e c i fi c a t i o n s e m b o d y i n g p r i n c i p l e s
r e c o g n i ze d a s g o o d e n g i n e e r i n g p r a c -
t i c e s fo r t h e m a t e r i a l u s e d .
(i i i ) L in in gs. P i p i n g , v a l v e s , a n d fi t -
t in gs m a y h a ve com bu st ible or n on -
com bu st ible lin in gs.
(i v ) L ow -m elt in g m a t eria ls. Wh e n l o w -
m elt in g poin t m a t er ia ls su ch a s a lu -
m in u m a n d br a ss or m a t er ia ls t h a t
s o ft e n o n fi r e e x p o s u r e s u c h a s p l a s t i c s ,
o r n o n -d u c t i l e m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s c a s t
ir on , a r e n ecessa r y , specia l con sider -
a t ion sh a ll be given t o t h eir beh a vior
o n fi r e e x p o s u r e . I f s u c h m a t e r i a l s a r e
u sed in a bove gr ou n d pipin g sy st em s or
in side bu ildin gs, t h ey sh a ll be su it a bly
p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t fi r e e x p o s u r e o r s o
l o c a t e d t h a t a n y s p i l l r e s u l t i n g fr o m
t h e fa i l u r e o f t h e s e m a t e r i a l s c o u l d n o t
u n du ly expose per son s, im por t a n t
bu ildin gs or st r u ct u r es or ca n be r ea d-
ily con t r olled by r em ot e va lves.
(3) P ip e join t s. J o i n t s s h a l l b e m a d e
l i q u i d t i g h t . We l d e d o r s c r e w e d j o i n t s
or a ppr oved con n ect or s sh a ll be u sed.
T h r ea ded join t s a n d con n ect ion s sh a ll
be m a de u p t igh t wit h a su it a ble lu br i-
ca n t or pipin g com pou n d. P ipe join t s
d e p e n d e n t u p o n t h e fr i c t i o n c h a r a c t e r -
i s t i c s o f c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l s fo r m e -
ch a n ica l con t in u it y of pipin g sh a ll n ot
be u sed in side bu ildin gs. T h ey m a y be
u sed ou t side of bu ildin gs a bove or
below gr ou n d. If u sed a bove gr ou n d, t h e
pipin g sh a ll eit h er be secu r ed t o pr e-
v e n t d i s e n g a g e m e n t a t t h e fi t t i n g o r
t h e pipin g sy st em sh a ll be so design ed
t h a t a n y s p i l l r e s u l t i n g fr o m s u c h d i s -
en ga gem en t cou ld n ot u n du ly expose
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
per son s, im por t a n t bu ildin gs or st r u c-
t u r es, a n d cou ld be r ea dily con t r olled
by r em ot e va lves.
(4) S u p p ort s. P i p i n g s y s t e m s s h a l l b e
su bst a n t ia lly su ppor t ed a n d pr ot ect ed
a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge a n d excessive
s t r e s s e s a r i s i n g fr o m s e t t l e m e n t , v i b r a -
t ion , expa n sion , or con t r a ct ion .
(5) P rot ect ion a ga in st corrosion . A l l
p i p i n g fo r fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu ids, bot h a bovegr ou n d a n d u n der -
gr ou n d, wh er e su bject t o ext er n a l cor -
r osion , sh a ll be pa in t ed or ot h er wise
pr ot ect ed.
(6) V a lv es. P i p i n g s y s t e m s s h a l l c o n -
t a i n a s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r o f v a l v e s t o
oper a t e t h e sy st em pr oper ly a n d t o
pr ot ect t h e pla n t . P ipin g sy st em s in
con n ect ion wit h pu m ps sh a ll con t a in a
s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r o f v a l v e s t o c o n t r o l
p r o p e r l y t h e fl o w o f l i q u i d i n n o r m a l
oper a t ion a n d in t h e even t of ph y sica l
da m a ge. E a ch con n ect ion t o pipelin es,
by wh ich equ ipm en t s su ch a s t a n k ca r s
or t a n k veh icles disch a r ge liqu ids by
m ea n s of pu m ps in t o st or a ge t a n k s,
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a c h e c k v a l v e fo r
a u t o m a t i c p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t b a c k fl o w
if t h e pipin g a r r a n gem en t is su ch t h a t
b a c k fl o w fr o m t h e s y s t e m i s p o s s i b l e .
(7) T est in g. A l l p i p i n g b e fo r e b e i n g
cover ed, en closed, or pla ced in u se
s h a l l b e h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y t e s t e d t o 150
per cen t of t h e m a xim u m a n t icipa t ed
pr essu r e of t h e sy st em , or pn eu m a t i-
c a l l y t e s t e d t o 110 p e r c e n t o f t h e m a x -
im u m a n t icipa t ed pr essu r e of t h e sy s-
t em , bu t n ot less t h a n 5 pou n ds per
squ a r e in ch ga ge a t t h e h igh est poin t
of t h e sy st em . T h is t est sh a ll be m a in -
t a i n e d fo r a s u ffi c i e n t t i m e t o c o m p l e t e
visu a l in spect ion of a ll join t s a n d con -
n e c t i o n s , b u t fo r a t l e a s t 10 m i n u t e s .
(d ) Con t a in er a n d p ort a ble t a n k st or-
a ge—(1) S cop e—(i ) Gen era l. T h i s p a r a -
gr a ph sh a ll a pply on ly t o t h e st or a ge of
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s i n
d r u m s o r o t h e r c o n t a i n e r s (i n c l u d i n g
fl a m m a b l e a e r o s o l s ) n o t e x c e e d i n g 60
ga llon s in dividu a l ca pa cit y a n d t h ose
p o r t a b l e t a n k s n o t e x c e e d i n g 660 g a l -
lon s in dividu a l ca pa cit y .
(i i ) E x cep t ion s. T h i s p a r a g r a p h s h a l l
n o t a p p l y t o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) S t o r a g e o f c o n t a i n e r s i n b u l k
p l a n t s , s e r v i c e s t a t i o n s , r e fi n e r i e s ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ch em ica l pla n t s, a n d dist iller ies;
250
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00260 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(b) Cl a s s I o r Cl a s s I I l i q u i d s i n t h e
fu e l t a n k s o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e , a i r c r a ft ,
boa t , or por t a ble or st a t ion a r y en gin e;
(c) F l a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e p a i n t s ,
oils, va r n ish es, a n d sim ila r m ixt u r es
u s e d fo r p a i n t i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e w h e n
n o t k e p t fo r a p e r i o d i n e x c e s s o f 30
da y s;
(d ) B e v e r a g e s w h e n p a c k a g e d i n i n d i -
vidu a l con t a in er s n ot exceedin g 1 ga l-
l o n i n s i ze .
(2) D esign , con st ru ct ion , a n d ca p a cit y
of con t a in ers—(i ) Gen era l. On l y a p -
pr oved con t a in er s a n d por t a ble t a n k s
sh a ll be u sed. Met a l con t a in er s a n d
por t a ble t a n k s m eet in g t h e r equ ir e-
m en t s of a n d con t a in in g pr odu ct s a u -
t h o r i ze d b y c h a p t e r I , t i t l e 49 o f t h e
Co d e o f F e d e r a l R e g u l a t i o n s (r e g u l a -
t i o n s i s s u e d b y t h e H a za r d o u s M a t e -
r ia ls R egu la t ion s Boa r d, Depa r t m en t of
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ), s h a l l b e d e e m e d t o b e
a ccept a ble.
(i i ) E m ergen cy v en t in g. E a c h p o r t a b l e
t a n k sh a ll be pr ovided wit h on e or
m or e devices in st a lled in t h e t op wit h
s u ffi c i e n t e m e r g e n c y v e n t i n g c a p a c i t y
t o l i m i t i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e u n d e r fi r e e x -
p o s u r e c o n d i t i o n s t o 10 p .s .i .g ., o r 30
per cen t of t h e bu r st in g pr essu r e of t h e
t a n k , wh ich ever is gr ea t er . T h e t ot a l
ven t in g ca pa cit y sh a ll be n ot less t h a n
t h a t s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (b )(2)(v ) (c)
o r (e) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . A t l e a s t o n e p r e s -
s u r e -a c t i v a t e d v e n t h a v i n g a m i n i m u m
c a p a c i t y o f 6,000 c u b i c fe e t o f fr e e a i r
(14.7 p .s .i .a . a n d 60 °F .) s h a l l b e u s e d . I t
sh a ll be set t o open a t n ot less t h a n 5
p .s .i .g . I f fu s i b l e v e n t s a r e u s e d , t h e y
sh a ll be a ct u a t ed by elem en t s t h a t op-
er a t e a t a t em per a t u r e n ot exceedin g
300 °F .
(i i i ) S iz e. F l a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu id con t a in er s sh a ll be in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –12, e x c e p t t h a t g l a s s
o r p l a s t i c c o n t a i n e r s o f n o m o r e t h a n 1-
g a l l o n c a p a c i t y m a y b e u s e d fo r a Cl a s s
I A o r I B fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d i f:
(a )(1) S u c h l i q u i d e i t h e r w o u l d b e
r e n d e r e d u n fi t fo r i t s i n t e n d e d u s e b y
con t a ct wit h m et a l or wou ld exces-
sively cor r ode a m et a l con t a in er so a s
t o c r e a t e a l e a k a g e h a za r d ; a n d
(2) T h e u s e r ’s p r o c e s s e i t h e r w o u l d r e -
q u i r e m o r e t h a n 1 p i n t o f a Cl a s s I A l i q -
u i d o r m o r e t h a n 1 q u a r t o f a Cl a s s I B
liqu id of a sin gle a ssa y lot t o be u sed a t
on e t im e, or wou ld r equ ir e t h e m a in t e-
n a n ce of a n a n a ly t ica l st a n da r d liqu id
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.106

of a qu a lit y wh ich is n ot m et by t h e a l l o w e d u n d e r T a b l e H –12 fo r t h e c l a s s

s p e c i fi e d s t a n d a r d s o f l i q u i d s a v a i l a b l e , of liqu id; or
a n d t h e qu a n t it y of t h e a n a ly t ica l (b) T h e c o n t a i n e r s a r e i n t e n d e d fo r
st a n da r d liqu id r equ ir ed t o be u sed in dir ect expor t ou t side t h e Un it ed
a n y on e con t r ol pr ocess exceeds on e- S t a t es.
sixt een t h t h e ca pa cit y of t h e con t a in er
TABLE H–12—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS
Flammable liquids Combustible liquids
Container type
Class IA Class IB Class IC Class II Class III

Glass or approved plastic ....................................................... 1 pt 1 qt 1 gal 1 gal 1 gal.

Metal (other than DOT drums) ................................................ 1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal.
Safety cans ............................................................................. 2 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal.
Metal drums (DOT specifications) .......................................... 60 gal 60 gal 60 gal 60 gal 60 gal.
Approved portable tanks ......................................................... 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal.
NOTE: Container exemptions: (a) Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other common consumer items, when pack-
aged according to commonly accepted practices, shall be exempt from the requirements of § 1910.106(d)(2) (i) and (ii).

(3) D esign , con st ru ct ion , a n d ca p a cit y All join t s sh a ll be r a bbet t ed a n d sh a ll

of st ora ge ca bin et s—(i ) M a x im u m ca p a c-
it y . N o t m o r e t h a n 60 g a l l o n s o f Cl a s s I
o r Cl a s s I I l i q u i d s , n o r m o r e t h a n 120
g a l l o n s o f Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s m a y b e
st or ed in a st or a ge ca bin et .
(i i ) F ire resist a n ce. S t o r a g e c a b i n e t s
sh a ll be design ed a n d con st r u ct ed t o
lim it t h e in t er n a l t em per a t u r e t o n ot
m o r e t h a n 325 °F . w h e n s u b j e c t e d t o a
10-m i n u t e fi r e t e s t u s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d
t i m e -t e m p e r a t u r e c u r v e a s s e t fo r t h i n
S t a n da r d Met h ods of F ir e T est s of
B u i l d i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n a n d M a t e r i a l s ,
N F P A 251–1969, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6. A l l
join t s a n d sea m s sh a ll r em a in t igh t
a n d t h e door sh a ll r em a in secu r ely
c l o s e d d u r i n g t h e fi r e t e s t . Ca b i n e t s
sh a ll be la beled in con spicu ou s let -
t e r i n g , ‘‘F l a m m a b l e —K e e p F i r e A w a y .’’
(a ) M e t a l c a b i n e t s c o n s t r u c t e d i n t h e
fo l l o w i n g m a n n e r s h a l l b e d e e m e d t o b e
in com plia n ce. T h e bot t om , t op, door ,
a n d sides of ca bin et sh a ll be a t lea st
N o . 18 g a g e s h e e t i r o n a n d d o u b l e
w a l l e d w i t h 11⁄2-i n c h a i r s p a c e . J o i n t s
sh a ll be r ivet ed, welded or m a de t igh t
b y s o m e e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e m e a n s . T h e
door sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a t h r ee-
poin t lock , a n d t h e door sill sh a ll be
r a ised a t lea st 2 in ch es a bove t h e bot -
t om of t h e ca bin et .
(b) Wo o d e n c a b i n e t s c o n s t r u c t e d i n
t h e fo l l o w i n g m a n n e r s h a l l b e d e e m e d
in com plia n ce. T h e bot t om , sides, a n d
t op sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of a n a ppr oved
gr a de of ply wood a t lea st 1 in ch in
t h ick n ess, wh ich sh a ll n ot br ea k down
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
b e fa s t e n e d i n t w o d i r e c t i o n s w i t h fl a t -
h e a d w o o d s c r e w s . Wh e n m o r e t h a n o n e
door is u sed, t h er e sh a ll be a r a bbet t ed
over la p of n ot less t h a n 1 in ch . Hin ges
sh a ll be m ou n t ed in su ch a m a n n er a s
n ot t o lose t h eir h oldin g ca pa cit y du e
t o loosen in g or bu r n in g ou t of t h e
s c r e w s w h e n s u b j e c t e d t o t h e fi r e t e s t .
(4) D esign a n d con st ru ct ion of in sid e
st ora ge room s—(i ) Con st ru ct ion . I n s i d e
st or a ge r oom s sh a ll be con st r u ct ed t o
m e e t t h e r e q u i r e d fi r e -r e s i s t i v e r a t i n g
fo r t h e i r u s e . S u c h c o n s t r u c t i o n s h a l l
c o m p l y w i t h t h e t e s t s p e c i fi c a t i o n s s e t
fo r t h i n S t a n d a r d M e t h o d s o f F i r e
T e s t s o f B u i l d i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n a n d M a -
t e r i a l s , N F P A 251–1969. Wh e r e a n a u t o -
m a t ic spr in k ler sy st em is pr ovided, t h e
sy st em sh a ll be design ed a n d in st a lled
i n a n a c c e p t a b l e m a n n e r . Op e n i n g s t o
ot h er r oom s or bu ildin gs sh a ll be pr o-
v i d e d w i t h n o n c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d -t i g h t
r a ised sills or r a m ps a t lea st 4 in ch es in
h e i g h t , o r t h e fl o o r i n t h e s t o r a g e a r e a
sh a ll be a t lea st 4 in ch es below t h e su r -
r o u n d i n g fl o o r . Op e n i n g s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h a p p r o v e d s e l f-c l o s i n g fi r e
d o o r s . T h e r o o m s h a l l b e l i q u i d -t i g h t
w h e r e t h e w a l l s j o i n t h e fl o o r . A p e r -
m issible a lt er n a t e t o t h e sill or r a m p is
a n o p e n -g r a t e d t r e n c h i n s i d e o f t h e
r o o m w h i c h d r a i n s t o a s a fe l o c a t i o n .
Wh e r e o t h e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e b u i l d i n g o r
ot h er pr oper t ies a r e exposed, win dows
s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d a s s e t fo r t h i n t h e
S t a n d a r d fo r F i r e D o o r s a n d Wi n d o w s ,
N F P A N o . 80–1968, w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n

o r d e l a m i n a t e u n d e r fi r e c o n d i t i o n s . § 1910.6, fo r Cl a s s E o r F o p e n i n g s . Wo o d

251

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 § 1910.106 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

a t lea st 1 in ch n om in a l t h ick n ess m a y r ior of t h e bu ildin g in wh ich t h e r oom

b e u s e d fo r s h e l v i n g , r a c k s , d u n n a g e , is loca t ed.
s c u ffb o a r d s , fl o o r o v e r l a y , a n d s i m i l a r (v ) S t ora ge in in sid e st ora ge room s. I n
in st a lla t ion s. ever y in side st or a ge r oom t h er e sh a ll
(i i ) R a t in g a n d ca p a cit y . S t o r a g e i n i n - be m a in t a in ed on e clea r a isle a t lea st 3
side st or a ge r oom s sh a ll com ply wit h fe e t w i d e . Co n t a i n e r s o v e r 30 g a l l o n s
T a b l e H –13. ca pa cit y sh a ll n ot be st a ck ed on e u pon
t h e ot h er . Dispen sin g sh a ll be by a p-
TABLE H–13—STORAGE IN INSIDE ROOMS p r o v e d p u m p o r s e l f-c l o s i n g fa u c e t
on ly .
Total al-
lowable (5) S t ora ge in sid e bu ild in g—(i ) E gress.
Fire protec-
quan- F la m m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids, in -
Fire resist- tities
tion 1 pro- ance Maximum size (gals./ c l u d i n g s t o c k fo r s a l e , s h a l l n o t b e
vided sq. ft./ st or ed so a s t o lim it u se of exit s, st a ir -
floor
area) w a y s , o r a r e a s n o r m a l l y u s e d fo r t h e
s a fe e g r e s s o f p e o p l e .
Yes ........... 2 hours .... 500 sq. ft ...................... 10 (i i ) Con t a in ers. T h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m -
No ............ 2 hours .... 500 sq. ft ...................... 5 m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids in con -
Yes ........... 1 hour ...... 150 sq. ft ...................... 4
No ............ 1 hour ...... 150 sq. ft ...................... 2
t a in er s or por t a ble t a n k s sh a ll com ply
w i t h s u b d i v i s i o n s (i i i ) t h r o u g h (v ) o f
1 Fire protection system shall be sprinkler, water spray, car-
bon dioxide, or other system.
t h is su bpa r a gr a ph .
(i i i ) O f f ice occu p a n cies. S t o r a g e s h a l l
(i i i ) W irin g. E l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d be pr oh ibit ed except t h a t wh ich is r e-
equ ipm en t loca t ed in in side st or a ge q u i r e d fo r m a i n t e n a n c e a n d o p e r a t i o n
r o o m s u s e d fo r Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l b e of bu ildin g a n d oper a t ion of equ ipm en t .
a ppr oved u n der S u bpa r t S of t h is pa r t S u ch st or a ge sh a ll be k ept in closed
fo r Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n 2 H a za r d o u s L o c a - m et a l con t a in er s st or ed in a st or a ge
t i o n s ; fo r Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s , c a b i n e t o r i n s a fe t y c a n s o r i n a n i n s i d e
s h a l l b e a p p r o v e d fo r g e n e r a l u s e . st or a ge r oom n ot h a vin g a door t h a t
(i v ) V en t ila t ion . E v e r y i n s i d e s t o r a g e open s in t o t h a t por t ion of t h e bu ildin g
r oom sh a ll be pr ovided wit h eit h er a u sed by t h e pu blic.
gr a vit y or a m ech a n ica l exh a u st ven - (i v ) M erca n t ile occu p a n cies a n d ot h er
t ila t ion sy st em . S u ch sy st em sh a ll be ret a il st ores.
d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e fo r a c o m p l e t e (a )–(d ) [R e s e r v e d ]
ch a n ge of a ir wit h in t h e r oom a t lea st (e) L e a k i n g c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e r e -
six t im es per h ou r . If a m ech a n ica l ex- m oved t o a st or a ge r oom or t a k en t o a
h a u st sy st em is u sed, it sh a ll be con - s a fe l o c a t i o n o u t s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g a n d
t r olled by a swit ch loca t ed ou t side of t he con t en t s t r a n s fe r r e d to an
t h e door . T h e ven t ila t in g equ ipm en t u n da m a ged con t a in er .
a n d a n y l i g h t i n g fi x t u r e s s h a l l b e o p e r - (v ) Gen era l p u rp ose p u blic w a reh ou ses.
a t ed by t h e sa m e swit ch . A pilot ligh t S t or a ge sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h
sh a ll be in st a lled a dja cen t t o t h e T a b l e H –14 o r H –15 a n d i n b u i l d i n g s o r
s w i t c h i f Cl a s s I fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s a r e i n p o r t i o n s o f s u c h b u i l d i n g s c u t o ff b y
d i s p e n s e d w i t h i n t h e r o o m . Wh e r e g r a v - s t a n d a r d fi r e w a l l s . M a t e r i a l c r e a t i n g
i t y v e n t i l a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d , t h e fr e s h n o fi r e e x p o s u r e h a za r d t o t h e fl a m -
a ir in t a k e, a s well a s t h e exh a u st ou t - m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids m a y be
l e t fr o m t h e r o o m , s h a l l b e o n t h e e x t e - st or ed in t h e sa m e a r ea .
TABLE H–14—INDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE
Gallons

Class liquid Storage level Protected Unprotected

storage max- storage max-
imum per pile imum per pile

A ................................................... Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 2,750 660

Basement ................................................................................ Not permitted Not permitted

B ................................................... Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 5,500 1,375
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Basement ................................................................................ Not permitted Not permitted

C ................................................... Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 16,500 4,125

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.106

TABLE H–14—INDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE—Continued

Gallons

Class liquid Storage level Protected Unprotected

storage max- storage max-
imum per pile imum per pile

Basement ................................................................................ Not permitted Not permitted

II ................................................... Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 16,500 4,125

Basement ................................................................................ 5,500 Not permitted

III .................................................. Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 55,000 13,750

Basement ................................................................................ 8,250 Not permitted

NOTE 1: When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be
the smallest of the 2 or more separate maximum gallonages.
NOTE 2: Aisles shall be provided so that no container is more than 12 ft. from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least 3 ft. wide
and side aisles at least 4 ft. wide.
NOTE 3: Each pile shall be separated from each other by at least 4 ft.
(Numbers in parentheses indicate corresponding number of 55-gal. drums.)

TABLE H–15—INDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE

Gallons

Class liquid Storage level Protected Unprotected

storage max- storage max-
imum per pile imum per pile

IA .................................................. Ground and upper floors ........................................................ Not permitted Not permitted
Basement ................................................................................ Not permitted Not permitted
IB .................................................. Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 20,000 2,000
Basement ................................................................................ Not permitted Not permitted
IC .................................................. Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 40,000 5,500
Basement ................................................................................ Not permitted Not permitted
II ................................................... Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 40,000 5,500
Basement ................................................................................ 20,000 Not permitted
III .................................................. Ground and upper floors ........................................................ 60,000 22,000
Basement ................................................................................ 20,000 Not permitted
NOTE 1: When 1 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be
the smallest of the 2 or more separate maximum gallonages.
NOTE 2: Aisles shall be provided so that no portable tank is more than 12 ft. from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least 8 ft.
wide and side aisles at least 4 ft. wide.
NOTE 3: Each pile shall be separated from each other by at least 4 ft.

(v i ) F la m m a ble a n d com bu st ible liqu id cu r ely , wit h ou t du n n a ge, a n d a dequ a t e

w a reh ou ses or st ora ge bu ild in gs. (a ) I f m a t er ia ls h a n din g equ ipm en t sh a ll be
t h e s t o r a g e b u i l d i n g i s l o c a t e d 50 fe e t a v a i l a b l e t o h a n d l e t a n k s s a fe l y a t t h e
o r l e s s fr o m a b u i l d i n g o r l i n e o f a d - u pper t ier level.
join in g pr oper t y t h a t m a y be bu ilt (e) N o p i l e s h a l l b e c l o s e r t h a n 3 fe e t
u pon , t h e exposin g wa ll sh a ll be a t o t h e n ea r est bea m , ch or d, gir der , or
b l a n k w a l l h a v i n g a fi r e -r e s i s t a n c e r a t - o t h e r o b s t r u c t i o n , a n d s h a l l b e 3 fe e t
in g of a t lea st 2 h ou r s. b e l o w s p r i n k l e r d e fl e c t o r s o r d i s c h a r g e
(b) T h e t o t a l q u a n t i t y o f l i q u i d s w i t h - o r i fi c e s o f w a t e r s p r a y , o r o t h e r o v e r -
in a bu ildin g sh a ll n ot be r est r ict ed, h e a d fi r e p r o t e c t i o n s y s t e m s .
bu t t h e a r r a n gem en t of st or a ge sh a ll (f ) A i s l e s o f a t l e a s t 3 fe e t w i d e s h a l l
c o m p l y w i t h T a b l e H –14 o r H –15. b e p r o v i d e d w h e r e n e c e s s a r y fo r r e a -
(c) Co n t a i n e r s i n p i l e s s h a l l b e s e p a - son s of a ccess t o door s, win dows or
r a t ed by pa llet s or du n n a ge wh er e n ec- st a n dpipe con n ect ion s.
essa r y t o pr ovide st a bilit y a n d t o pr e- (6) S t ora ge ou t sid e bu ild in gs—(i ) Gen -
ven t excessive st r ess on con t a in er era l. S t o r a g e o u t s i d e b u i l d i n g s s h a l l b e
wa lls. i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –16 o r H –17,
(d ) P o r t a b l e t a n k s s t o r e d o v e r o n e a n d s u b d i v i s i o n s (i i ) a n d (i v ) o f t h i s
t ier h igh sh a ll be design ed t o n est se- su bpa r a gr a ph .
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 § 1910.106 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

TABLE H–16—OUTDOOR CONTAINER STORAGE

4—Distance 5—Distance
2—Max- 3—Distance to property to street,
1—Class imum per between line that can alley, public
pile piles be built way
upon

gallons feet feet feet

IA ........................................................................................................... 1,100 5 20 10
IB ........................................................................................................... 2,200 5 20 10
IC ........................................................................................................... 4,400 5 20 10
II ............................................................................................................ 8,800 5 10 5
III ........................................................................................................... 22,000 5 10 5
NOTE 1: When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the
smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages.
NOTE 2: Within 200 ft. of each container, there shall be a 12-ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
NOTE 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and
such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.
NOTE 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may
be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 ft.

(i i ) M a x im u m st ora ge. A m a x i m u m o f r ou n ded by a cu r b a t lea st 6 in ch es

1,100 g a l l o n s o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s - h i g h . Wh e n c u r b s a r e u s e d , p r o v i s i o n s
t ible liqu ids m a y be loca t ed a dja cen t s h a l l b e m a d e fo r d r a i n i n g o f a c c u m u -
t o bu ildin gs loca t ed on t h e sa m e pr em - la t ion s of gr ou n d or r a in wa t er or spills
ises a n d u n der t h e sa m e m a n a gem en t o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s .
pr ovided t h e pr ovision s of su bdivision s D r a i n s s h a l l t e r m i n a t e a t a s a fe l o c a -
(a ) a n d (b) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n a r e c o m - t ion a n d sh a ll be a ccessible t o oper -
plied wit h . a t i o n u n d e r fi r e c o n d i t i o n s .
(a ) [R e s e r v e d ] (i v ) S ecu rit y . T h e s t o r a g e a r e a s h a l l
(b) Wh e r e q u a n t i t y s t o r e d e x c e e d s be pr ot ect ed a ga in st t a m per in g or t r es-
1,100 g a l l o n s , o r p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b d i v i - pa sser s wh er e n ecessa r y a n d sh a ll be
s i o n (a ) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n c a n n o t b e k e p t fr e e o f w e e d s , d e b r i s a n d o t h e r
m e t , a m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e o f 10 fe e t b e - com bu st ible m a t er ia l n ot n ecessa r y t o
t ween bu ildin gs a n d n ea r est con t a in er t h e st or a ge.
o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d (7) F ire con t rol—(i ) E x t in gu ish ers.
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed. S u i t a b l e fi r e c o n t r o l d e v i c e s , s u c h a s
(i i i ) S p ill con t a in m en t . T h e s t o r a g e s m a l l h o s e o r p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
a r ea sh a ll be gr a ded in a m a n n er t o di- gu ish er s, sh a ll be a va ila ble a t loca t ion s
v e r t p o s s i b l e s p i l l s a w a y fr o m b u i l d i n g s w h e r e fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
or ot h er exposu r es or sh a ll be su r - u ids a r e st or ed.
TABLE H–17—OUTDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE
4—Distance 5—Distance
2—Max- 3—Distance to property to street,
1—Class imum per between line that can alley, public
pile piles be built way
upon

gallon feet feet feet

IA ........................................................................................................... 2,200 5 20 10
IB ........................................................................................................... 4,400 5 20 10
IC ........................................................................................................... 8,800 5 20 10
II ............................................................................................................ 17,600 5 10 5
III ........................................................................................................... 44,000 5 10 5
NOTE 1: When 2 or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the
smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages.
NOTE 2: Within 200 ft. of each portable tank, there shall be a 12-ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control appa-
ratus.
NOTE 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and
such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.
NOTE 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may
be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 ft.
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(a ) A t l e a s t o n e p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er h a vin g a r a t in g of n ot less t h a n
12–B u n i t s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d o u t s i d e o f,
b u t n o t m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t fr o m , t h e
d o o r o p e n i n g i n t o a n y r o o m u s e d fo r
st or a ge.
(b) A t l e a s t o n e p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er h a vin g a r a t in g of n ot less t h a n
12–B u n i t s m u s t b e l o c a t e d n o t l e s s
t h a n 10 fe e t , n o r m o r e t h a n 25 fe e t ,
fr o m a n y Cl a s s I o r Cl a s s I I l i q u i d s t o r -
a ge a r ea loca t ed ou t side of a st or a ge
r oom bu t in side a bu ildin g.
(i i ) S p rin k lers. Wh e n s p r i n k l e r s a r e
pr ovided, t h ey sh a ll be in st a lled in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h § 1910.159.
(i i i ) O p en f la m es a n d sm ok in g. Op e n
fl a m e s a n d s m o k i n g s h a l l n o t b e p e r -
m i t t e d i n fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu id st or a ge a r ea s.
(i v ) W a t er rea ct iv e m a t eria ls. M a t e r i a l s
wh ich will r ea ct wit h wa t er sh a ll n ot
b e s t o r e d i n t h e s a m e r o o m w i t h fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids.
(e ) I n d u st ria l p la n t s—(1) S cop e—(i ) A p -
p lica t ion . T h i s p a r a g r a p h s h a l l a p p l y t o
t h ose in du st r ia l pla n t s wh er e:
(a ) T h e u s e o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids is in ciden t a l t o t h e pr in -
cipa l bu sin ess, or
(b) Wh e r e fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu ids a r e h a n dled or u sed on ly in u n it
ph y sica l oper a t ion s su ch a s m ixin g,
d r y i n g , e v a p o r a t i n g , fi l t e r i n g , d i s t i l l a -
t ion , a n d sim ila r oper a t ion s wh ich do
n ot in volve ch em ica l r ea ct ion . T h is
pa r a gr a ph sh a ll n ot a pply t o ch em ica l
p l a n t s , r e fi n e r i e s o r d i s t i l l e r i e s .
(i i ) E x cep t ion s. Wh e r e p o r t i o n s o f s u c h
pla n t s in volve ch em ica l r ea ct ion s su ch
a s oxida t ion , r edu ct ion , h a logen a t ion ,
h y d r o g e n a t i o n , a l k y l a t i o n , p o l y m e r i za -
t ion , a n d ot h er ch em ica l pr ocesses,
t h ose por t ion s of t h e pla n t sh a ll be in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (h ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(2) I n cid en t a l st ora ge or u se of f la m -
m a ble a n d com bu st ible liqu id s—(i ) A p p li-
ca t ion . T h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h s h a l l b e a p -
plica ble t o t h ose por t ion s of a n in du s-
t r ia l pla n t wh er e t h e u se a n d h a n dlin g
o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s i s
on ly in ciden t a l t o t h e pr in cipa l bu si-
n ess, su ch a s a u t om obile a ssem bly ,
con st r u ct ion of elect r on ic equ ipm en t ,
fu r n i t u r e m a n u fa c t u r i n g , o r o t h e r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sim ila r a ct ivit ies.
255
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§ 1910.106
(i i ) Con t a in ers. F l a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu ids sh a ll be st or ed in t a n k s
or closed con t a in er s.
(a ) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n s
(b) a n d (c) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n , a l l s t o r -
a g e s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (d ) (3)
o r (4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) T h e q u a n t i t y o f l i q u i d t h a t m a y
be loca t ed ou t side of a n in side st or a ge
r oom or st or a ge ca bin et in a bu ildin g
o r i n a n y o n e fi r e a r e a o f a b u i l d i n g
sh a ll n ot exceed:
(1) 25 g a l l o n s o f Cl a s s I A l i q u i d s i n
con t a in er s
(2) 120 g a l l o n s o f Cl a s s I B , I C, I I , o r
III liqu ids in con t a in er s
(3) 660 g a l l o n s o f Cl a s s I B , I C, I I , o r
III liqu ids in a sin gle por t a ble t a n k .
(c) Wh e r e l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids a r e n ec-
essa r y , st or a ge m a y be in t a n k s wh ich
sh a ll com ply wit h t h e a pplica ble r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i i i ) S ep a ra t ion a n d p rot ect ion . A r e a s
i n w h i c h fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
u i d s a r e t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m o n e t a n k o r
con t a in er t o a n ot h er con t a in er sh a ll be
s e p a r a t e d fr o m o t h e r o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e
bu ildin g by a dequ a t e dist a n ce or by
c o n s t r u c t i o n h a v i n g a d e q u a t e fi r e r e -
sist a n ce. Dr a in a ge or ot h er m ea n s sh a ll
be pr ovided t o con t r ol spills. Adequ a t e
n a t u r a l or m ech a n ica l ven t ila t ion sh a ll
be pr ovided.
(i v ) H a n d lin g liqu id s a t p oin t of f in a l
u se. (a ) F l a m m a b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l b e
k ept in cover ed con t a in er s wh en n ot
a ct u a lly in u se.
(b) Wh e r e fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu ids a r e u sed or h a n dled, except in
closed con t a in er s, m ea n s sh a ll be pr o-
v i d e d t o d i s p o s e p r o m p t l y a n d s a fe l y o f
lea k a ge or spills.
(c) Cl a s s I l i q u i d s m a y b e u s e d o n l y
w h e r e t h e r e a r e n o o p e n fl a m e s o r
ot h er sou r ces of ign it ion wit h in t h e
possible pa t h of va por t r a vel.
(d ) F l a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s
s h a l l b e d r a w n fr o m o r t r a n s fe r r e d i n t o
vessels, con t a in er s, or por t a ble t a n k s
wit h in a bu ildin g on ly t h r ou gh a closed
p i p i n g s y s t e m , fr o m s a fe t y c a n s , b y
m ea n s of a device dr a win g t h r ou gh t h e
t o p , o r fr o m a c o n t a i n e r o r p o r t a b l e
t a n k s by gr a vit y t h r ou gh a n a ppr oved
s e l f-c l o s i n g v a l v e . T r a n s fe r r i n g b y
m ea n s of a ir pr essu r e on t h e con t a in er
or por t a ble t a n k s sh a ll be pr oh ibit ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
(3) U n it p h y sica l op era t ion s—(i ) A p p li-
ca t ion . T h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h s h a l l b e a p -
plica ble in t h ose por t ion s of in du st r ia l
p l a n t s w h e r e fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu ids a r e h a n dled or u sed in u n it
ph y sica l oper a t ion s su ch a s m ixin g,
d r y i n g , e v a p o r a t i n g , fi l t e r i n g , d i s t i l l a -
t ion , a n d sim ila r oper a t ion s wh ich do
n ot in volve ch em ica l ch a n ge. E xa m ples
a r e pla n t s com pou n din g cosm et ics,
ph a r m a ceu t ica ls, solven t s, clea n in g
fl u i d s , i n s e c t i c i d e s , a n d s i m i l a r t y p e s
of a ct ivit ies.
(i i ) L oca t ion . I n d u s t r i a l p l a n t s s h a l l
be loca t ed so t h a t ea ch bu ildin g or u n it
o f e q u i p m e n t i s a c c e s s i b l e fr o m a t l e a s t
o n e s i d e fo r fi r e fi g h t i n g a n d fi r e c o n -
t r ol pu r poses. Bu ildin gs sh a ll be lo-
ca t ed wit h r espect t o lin es of a djoin in g
pr oper t y wh ich m a y be bu ilt u pon a s
s e t fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h (h )(2) (i ) a n d (i i )
of t h is sect ion except t h a t t h e bla n k
w a l l r e fe r r e d t o i n p a r a g r a p h (h )(2)(i i )
o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l h a v e a fi r e r e s i s t -
a n ce r a t in g of a t lea st 2 h ou r s.
(i i i ) Ch em ica l p rocesses. A r e a s w h e r e
u n st a ble liqu ids a r e h a n dled or sm a ll
sca le u n it ch em ica l pr ocesses a r e ca r -
r i e d o n s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e r e -
m a i n d e r o f t h e p l a n t b y a fi r e w a l l o f 2-
h o u r m i n i m u m fi r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g .
(i v ) D ra in a ge. (a ) E m e r g e n c y d r a i n a g e
sy st em s sh a ll be pr ovided t o dir ect
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d l e a k -
a g e a n d fi r e p r o t e c t i o n w a t e r t o a s a fe
loca t ion . T h is m a y r equ ir e cu r bs, scu p-
per s, or specia l dr a in a ge sy st em s t o
c o n t r o l t h e s p r e a d o f fi r e ; s e e p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(2)(v i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) E m e r g e n c y d r a i n a g e s y s t e m s , i f
con n ect ed t o pu blic sewer s or dis-
ch a r ged in t o pu blic wa t er wa y s, sh a ll be
equ ipped wit h t r a ps or sepa r a t or .
(v ) V en t ila t ion . (a ) A r e a s a s d e fi n e d i n
s u b d i v i s i o n (i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h
u s i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l b e v e n t i l a t e d
a t a r a t e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 1 c u b i c fo o t
p e r m i n u t e p e r s q u a r e fo o t o f s o l i d
fl o o r a r e a . T h i s s h a l l b e a c c o m p l i s h e d
by n a t u r a l or m ech a n ica l ven t ila t ion
w i t h d i s c h a r g e o r e x h a u s t t o a s a fe l o -
ca t ion ou t side of t h e bu ildin g. P r ovi-
s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e fo r i n t r o d u c t i o n o f
m a k eu p a ir in su ch a m a n n er a s n ot t o
sh or t cir cu it t h e ven t ila t ion . Ven t ila -
t ion sh a ll be a r r a n ged t o in clu de a ll
fl o o r a r e a s o r p i t s w h e r e fl a m m a b l e v a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
por s m a y collect .
256
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00266 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(b) E q u i p m e n t u s e d i n a b u i l d i n g a n d
t h e ven t ila t ion of t h e bu ildin g sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d s o a s t o l i m i t fl a m m a b l e
v a p o r -a i r m i x t u r e s u n d e r n o r m a l o p e r -
a t in g con dit ion s t o t h e in t er ior of
e q u i p m e n t , a n d t o n o t m o r e t h a n 5 fe e t
fr o m e q u i p m e n t w h i c h e x p o s e s Cl a s s I
liqu ids t o t h e a ir . E xa m ples of su ch
equ ipm en t a r e dispen sin g st a t ion s,
o p e n c e n t r i fu g e s , p l a t e a n d fr a m e fi l -
t e r s , o p e n v a c u u m fi l t e r s , a n d s u r fa c e s
of open equ ipm en t .
(v i ) S t ora ge a n d h a n d lin g. T h e s t o r -
a g e , t r a n s fe r , a n d h a n d l i n g o f l i q u i d
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (h )(4) o f
t h is sect ion .
(4) T a n k v eh icle a n d t a n k ca r loa d in g
a n d u n loa d in g. (i ) T a n k v e h i c l e a n d
t a n k c a r l o a d i n g o r u n l o a d i n g fa c i l i t i e s
s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m a b o v e g r o u n d
t a n k s, wa r eh ou ses, ot h er pla n t bu ild-
in gs or n ea r est lin e of a djoin in g pr op-
er t y wh ich m a y be bu ilt u pon by a dis-
t a n c e o f 25 fe e t fo r Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a n d
15 fe e t fo r Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s
m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e n e a r e s t p o s i t i o n o f
a n y fi l l s t e m . B u i l d i n g s fo r p u m p s o r
s h e l t e r s fo r p e r s o n n e l m a y b e a p a r t o f
t h e fa c i l i t y . Op e r a t i o n s o f t h e fa c i l i t y
sh a ll com ply wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e por -
t i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(5) F ire con t rol—(i ) P ort a ble a n d sp ecia l
equ ip m en t . P o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h -
m en t a n d con t r ol equ ipm en t sh a ll be
pr ovided in su ch qu a n t it ies a n d t y pes
a s a r e n e e d e d fo r t h e s p e c i a l h a za r d s o f
oper a t ion a n d st or a ge.
(i i ) W a t er su p p ly . Wa t e r s h a l l b e
a va ila ble in volu m e a n d a t a dequ a t e
pr essu r e t o su pply wa t er h ose st r ea m s,
fo a m -p r o d u c i n g e q u i p m e n t , a u t o m a t i c
spr in k ler s, or wa t er spr a y sy st em s a s
t h e n eed is in dica t ed by t h e specia l
h a za r d s o f o p e r a t i o n , d i s p e n s i n g a n d
st or a ge.
(i i i ) S p ecia l ex t in gu ish ers. S p e c i a l e x -
t in gu ish in g equ ipm en t su ch a s t h a t
u t i l i zi n g fo a m , i n e r t g a s , o r d r y c h e m -
ica l sh a ll be pr ovided a s t h e n eed is in -
d i c a t e d b y t h e s p e c i a l h a za r d s o f o p e r -
a t ion dispen sin g a n d st or a ge.
(i v ) S p ecia l h a z a rd s. Wh e r e t h e n e e d i s
i n d i c a t e d b y s p e c i a l h a za r d s o f o p e r -
a t i o n , fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d
pr ocessin g equ ipm en t , m a jor pipin g,
a n d su ppor t in g st eel sh a ll be pr ot ect ed
by a ppr oved wa t er spr a y sy st em s, del-
u g e s y s t e m s , a p p r o v e d fi r e -r e s i s t a n t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
coa t in gs, in su la t ion , or a n y com bin a -
t ion of t h ese.
(v ) M a in t en a n ce. A l l p l a n t fi r e p r o t e c -
t i o n fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y
m a in t a in ed a n d per iodica lly in spect ed
a n d t est ed t o m a k e su r e t h ey a r e a l-
w a y s i n s a t i s fa c t o r y o p e r a t i n g c o n d i -
t ion , a n d t h ey will ser ve t h eir pu r pose
in t im e of em er gen cy .
(6) S ou rces of ign it ion —(i ) Gen era l.
Adequ a t e pr eca u t ion s sh a ll be t a k en t o
p r e v e n t t h e i g n i t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e v a -
por s. S ou r ces of ign it ion in clu de bu t
a r e n o t l i m i t e d t o o p e n fl a m e s ; l i g h t -
n in g; sm ok in g; cu t t in g a n d weldin g;
h o t s u r fa c e s ; fr i c t i o n a l h e a t ; s t a t i c ,
elect r ica l, a n d m ech a n ica l spa r k s;
spon t a n eou s ign it ion , in clu din g h ea t -
pr odu cin g ch em ica l r ea ct ion s; a n d r a -
dia n t h ea t .
(i i ) Grou n d in g. Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l
n ot be dispen sed in t o con t a in er s u n less
t h e n o zzl e a n d c o n t a i n e r a r e e l e c -
t r i c a l l y i n t e r c o n n e c t e d . Wh e r e t h e m e -
t a l l i c fl o o r p l a t e o n w h i c h t h e c o n t a i n e r
s t a n d s w h i l e fi l l i n g i s e l e c t r i c a l l y c o n -
n e c t e d t o t h e fi l l s t e m o r w h e r e t h e fi l l
st em is bon ded t o t h e con t a in er du r in g
fi l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s b y m e a n s o f a b o n d
wir e, t h e pr ovision s of t h is sect ion
sh a ll be deem ed t o h a ve been com plied
wit h .
(7) E lect rica l—(i ) E qu ip m en t . (a ) A l l
elect r ica l wir in g a n d equ ipm en t sh a ll
be in st a lled a ccor din g t o t h e r equ ir e-
m en t s of S u bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(b) L oca t ion s wh er e fl a m m a b l e
v a p o r -a i r m i x t u r e s m a y e x i s t u n d e r
n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d
Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n 1 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of S u bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
F or t h ose pieces of equ ipm en t in st a lled
in a ccor da n ce wit h su bpa r a gr a ph
(3)(v )(b) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h , t h e D i v i s i o n
1 a r e a s h a l l e x t e n d 5 fe e t i n a l l d i r e c -
t i o n s fr o m a l l p o i n t s o f v a p o r l i b e r a -
t ion . All a r ea s wit h in pit s sh a ll be cla s-
s i fi e d D i v i s i o n 1 i f a n y p a r t o f t h e p i t i s
w i t h i n a D i v i s i o n 1 o r 2 c l a s s i fi e d a r e a ,
u n less t h e pit is pr ovided wit h m ech a n -
ica l ven t ila t ion .
(c) L o c a t i o n s w h e r e fl a m m a b l e v a p o r -
a ir m ixt u r es m a y exist u n der a bn or m a l
c o n d i t i o n s a n d fo r a d i s t a n c e b e y o n d
D i v i s i o n 1 l o c a t i o n s s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d
Division 2 a ccor din g t o t h e r equ ir e-
m en t s of S u bpa r t S of t h is pa r t . T h ese
l o c a t i o n s i n c l u d e a n a r e a w i t h i n 20 fe e t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h o r i zo n t a l l y , 3 fe e t v e r t i c a l l y b e y o n d a
257
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00267 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
D i v i s i o n 1 a r e a , a n d u p t o 3 fe e t a b o v e
fl o o r o r g r a d e l e v e l w i t h i n 25 fe e t , i f i n -
d o o r s , o r 10 fe e t i f o u t d o o r s , fr o m a n y
p u m p , b l e e d e r , w i t h d r a w a l fi t t i n g ,
m e t e r , o r s i m i l a r d e v i c e h a n d l i n g Cl a s s
I liqu ids. P it s pr ovided wit h a dequ a t e
m ech a n ica l ven t ila t ion wit h in a Divi-
s i o n 1 o r 2 a r e a s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d D i v i -
s i o n 2. I f Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s
on ly a r e h a n dled, t h en or din a r y elec-
t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t i s s a t i s fa c t o r y t h o u g h
ca r e sh a ll be u sed in loca t in g elect r ica l
a p p a r a t u s t o p r e v e n t h o t m e t a l fr o m
fa l l i n g i n t o o p e n e q u i p m e n t .
(d ) Wh e r e t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b d i v i -
s i o n s (a ), (b), a n d (c), o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n
r equ ir e t h e in st a lla t ion of elect r ica l
e q u i p m e n t s u i t a b l e fo r Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n
1 or Division 2 loca t ion s, or din a r y elec-
t r ica l equ ipm en t in clu din g swit ch gea r
m a y be u sed if in st a lled in a r oom or
en closu r e wh ich is m a in t a in ed u n der
posit ive pr essu r e wit h r espect t o t h e
h a za r d o u s a r e a . V e n t i l a t i o n m a k e u p
a i r s h a l l b e u n c o n t a m i n a t e d b y fl a m -
m a ble va por s.
(8) R ep a irs t o equ ip m en t . H o t w o r k ,
su ch a s weldin g or cu t t in g oper a t ion s,
u s e o f s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g p o w e r t o o l s , a n d
ch ippin g oper a t ion s sh a ll be per m it t ed
on ly u n der su per vision of a n in dividu a l
in r espon sible ch a r ge. T h e in dividu a l in
r espon sible ch a r ge sh a ll m a k e a n in -
spect ion of t h e a r ea t o be su r e t h a t it
i s s a fe fo r t h e w o r k t o b e d o n e a n d t h a t
s a fe p r o c e d u r e s w i l l b e fo l l o w e d fo r t h e
w o r k s p e c i fi e d .
(9) H ou sek eep in g—(i ) Gen era l. M a i n t e -
n a n ce a n d oper a t in g pr a ct ices sh a ll be
in a ccor da n ce wit h est a blish ed pr oce-
du r es wh ich will t en d t o con t r ol lea k -
a ge a n d pr even t t h e a cciden t a l esca pe
o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s .
S pills sh a ll be clea n ed u p pr om pt ly .
(i i ) A ccess. A d e q u a t e a i s l e s s h a l l b e
m a i n t a i n e d fo r u n o b s t r u c t e d m o v e -
m e n t o f p e r s o n n e l a n d s o t h a t fi r e p r o -
t ect ion equ ipm en t ca n be br ou gh t t o
b e a r o n a n y p a r t o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu id st or a ge, u se, or a n y u n it
ph y sica l oper a t ion .
(i i i ) W a st e a n d resid u e. Co m b u s t i b l e
wa st e m a t er ia l a n d r esidu es in a bu ild-
in g or u n it oper a t in g a r ea sh a ll be k ept
t o a m in im u m , st or ed in cover ed m et a l
r ecept a cles a n d disposed of da ily .
(i v ) Clea r z on e. G r o u n d a r e a a r o u n d
bu ildin gs a n d u n it oper a t in g a r ea s
s h a l l b e k e p t fr e e o f w e e d s , t r a s h , o r
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
ot h er u n n ecessa r y com bu st ible m a t e-
r ia ls.
(f) B u lk p la n t s—(1) S t ora ge—(i ) Cla ss I
liqu id s. Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l b e s t o r e d i n
closed con t a in er s, or in st or a ge t a n k s
a bove gr ou n d ou t side of bu ildin gs, or
u n der gr ou n d in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a -
g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) Cla ss I I a n d I I I liqu id s. Cl a s s I I
a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s s h a l l b e s t o r e d i n
con t a in er s, or in t a n k s wit h in bu ild-
in gs or a bove gr ou n d ou t side of bu ild-
in gs, or u n der gr ou n d in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i i ) P ilin g con t a in ers. Co n t a i n e r s o f
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s w h e n
piled on e u pon t h e ot h er sh a ll be sepa -
r a t e d b y d u n n a g e s u ffi c i e n t t o p r o v i d e
st a bilit y a n d t o pr even t excessive
st r ess on con t a in er wa lls. T h e h eigh t of
t h e pile sh a ll be con sist en t wit h t h e
st a bilit y a n d st r en gt h of con t a in er s.
(2) B u ild in gs—(i ) E x it s. R o o m s i n
w h i c h fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
u ids a r e st or ed or h a n dled by pu m ps
s h a l l h a v e e x i t fa c i l i t i e s a r r a n g e d t o
p r e v e n t o c c u p a n t s fr o m b e i n g t r a p p e d
i n t h e e v e n t o f fi r e .
(i i ) H ea t in g. R o o m s i n w h i c h Cl a s s I
liqu ids a r e st or ed or h a n dled sh a ll be
h ea t ed on ly by m ea n s n ot con st it u t in g
a sou r ce of ign it ion , su ch a s st ea m or
h ot wa t er . R oom s con t a in in g h ea t in g
a pplia n ces in volvin g sou r ces of ign i-
t ion sh a ll be loca t ed a n d a r r a n ged t o
p r e v e n t e n t r y o f fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s .
(i i i ) V en t ila t ion . (a ) V e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d fo r a l l r o o m s , b u i l d i n g s , o r
e n c l o s u r e s i n w h i c h Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e
pu m ped or dispen sed. Design of ven t ila -
t ion sy st em s sh a ll t a k e in t o a ccou n t
t h e r e l a t i v e l y h i g h s p e c i fi c g r a v i t y o f
t h e va por s. Ven t ila t ion m a y be pr o-
vided by a dequ a t e open in gs in ou t side
w a l l s a t fl o o r l e v e l u n o b s t r u c t e d e x c e p t
b y l o u v e r s o r c o a r s e s c r e e n s . Wh e r e
n a t u r a l ven t ila t ion is in a dequ a t e, m e-
ch a n ica l ven t ila t ion sh a ll be pr ovided.
(b) Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l n o t b e s t o r e d
or h a n dled wit h in a bu ildin g h a vin g a
b a s e m e n t o r p i t i n t o w h i c h fl a m m a b l e
va por s m a y t r a vel, u n less su ch a r ea is
pr ovided wit h ven t ila t ion design ed t o
p r e v e n t t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e
va por s t h er ein .
(c) Co n t a i n e r s o f Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l
n o t b e d r a w n fr o m o r fi l l e d w i t h i n
bu ildin gs u n less pr ovision is m a de t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p r e v e n t t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e
258
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00268 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
v a p o r s i n h a za r d o u s c o n c e n t r a t i o n s .
Wh e r e m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n i s r e -
qu ir ed, it sh a ll be k ept in oper a t ion
w h i l e fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s a r e b e i n g h a n -
dled.
(3) L oa d in g a n d u n loa d in g f a cilit ies—(i )
S ep a ra t ion . T a n k v e h i c l e a n d t a n k c a r
l o a d i n g o r u n l o a d i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e
s e p a r a t e d fr o m a b o v e g r o u n d t a n k s ,
wa r eh ou ses, ot h er pla n t bu ildin gs or
n ea r est lin e of a djoin in g pr oper t y t h a t
m a y b e b u i l t u p o n b y a d i s t a n c e o f 25
fe e t fo r Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a n d 15 fe e t fo r
Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s m e a s u r e d
fr o m t h e n e a r e s t p o s i t i o n o f a n y fi l l
s p o u t . B u i l d i n g s fo r p u m p s o r s h e l t e r s
fo r p e r s o n n e l m a y b e a p a r t o f t h e fa -
cilit y .
(i i ) Cla ss rest rict ion . E q u i p m e n t s u c h
a s p i p i n g , p u m p s , a n d m e t e r s u s e d fo r
t h e t r a n s fe r o f Cl a s s I l i q u i d s b e t w e e n
s t o r a g e t a n k s a n d t h e fi l l s t e m o f t h e
l o a d i n g r a c k s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r t h e
t r a n s fe r o f Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s .
(i i i ) V a lv es. V a l v e s u s e d fo r t h e fi n a l
c o n t r o l fo r fi l l i n g t a n k v e h i c l e s s h a l l
b e o f t h e s e l f-c l o s i n g t y p e a n d m a n u -
a lly h eld open except wh er e a u t om a t ic
m e a n s a r e p r o v i d e d fo r s h u t t i n g o ff t h e
fl o w w h e n t h e v e h i c l e i s fu l l o r a ft e r
fi l l i n g o f a p r e s e t a m o u n t .
(i v ) S t a t ic p rot ect ion . (a ) B o n d i n g fa -
c i l i t i e s fo r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t s t a t i c
spa r k s du r in g t h e loa din g of t a n k veh i-
cles t h r ou gh open dom es sh a ll be pr o-
vided:
(1) Wh e r e Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e l o a d e d ,
or
(2) Wh e r e Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s
a r e loa ded in t o veh icles wh ich m a y
c o n t a i n v a p o r s fr o m p r e v i o u s c a r g o e s
o f Cl a s s I l i q u i d s .
(b) P r o t e c t i o n a s r e q u i r e d i n (a ) o f
t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n (i v ) s h a l l c o n s i s t o f a
m et a llic bon d wir e per m a n en t ly elec-
t r i c a l l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e fi l l s t e m o r t o
som e pa r t of t h e r a ck st r u ct u r e in elec-
t r i c a l c o n t a c t w i t h t h e fi l l s t e m . T h e
fr e e e n d o f s u c h w i r e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h a c l a m p o r e q u i v a l e n t d e v i c e fo r
con ven ien t a t t a ch m en t t o som e m et a l-
lic pa r t in elect r ica l con t a ct wit h t h e
ca r go t a n k of t h e t a n k veh icle.
(c) S u c h b o n d i n g c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e
m a d e fa s t t o t h e v e h i c l e o r t a n k b e fo r e
dom e cover s a r e r a ised a n d sh a ll r e-
m a i n i n p l a c e u n t i l fi l l i n g i s c o m p l e t e d
a n d a ll dom e cover s h a ve been closed
a n d secu r ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(d ) B o n d i n g a s s p e c i fi e d i n (a ), (b),
a n d (c) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n i s n o t r e -
qu ir ed:
(1) Wh e r e v e h i c l e s a r e l o a d e d e x c l u -
sively wit h pr odu ct s n ot h a vin g a st a t -
ic a ccu m u la t in g t en den cy , su ch a s a s-
ph a lt , m ost cr u de oils, r esidu a l oils,
a n d wa t er solu ble liqu ids;
(2) Wh e r e n o Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e h a n -
d l e d a t t h e l o a d i n g fa c i l i t y a n d t h e
t a n k veh icles loa ded a r e u sed exclu -
s i v e l y fo r Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s ;
and
(3) Wh e r e v e h i c l e s a r e l o a d e d o r u n -
loa ded t h r ou gh closed bot t om or t op
con n ect ion s.
(e) F i l l i n g t h r o u g h o p e n d o m e s i n t o
t h e t a n k s of t a n k veh icles or t a n k ca r s,
t h a t c o n t a i n v a p o r -a i r m i x t u r e s w i t h i n
t h e fl a m m a b l e r a n g e o r w h e r e t h e l i q -
u i d b e i n g fi l l e d c a n fo r m s u c h a m i x -
t u r e, sh a ll be by m ea n s of a down spou t
wh ich ext en ds n ea r t h e bot t om of t h e
t a n k . T h is pr eca u t ion is n ot r equ ir ed
wh en loa din g liqu ids wh ich a r e n on -
a ccu m u la t or s of st a t ic ch a r ges.
(v ) S t ra y cu rren t s. T a n k c a r l o a d i n g
fa c i l i t i e s w h e r e Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e l o a d -
ed t h r ou gh open dom es sh a ll be pr o-
t ect ed a ga in st st r a y cu r r en t s by bon d-
in g t h e pipe t o a t lea st on e r a il a n d t o
t h e r a ck st r u ct u r e if of m et a l. Mu lt iple
lin es en t er in g t h e r a ck a r ea sh a ll be
elect r ica lly bon ded t oget h er . In a ddi-
t ion , in a r ea s wh er e excessive st r a y
cu r r en t s a r e k n own t o exist , a ll pipe
en t er in g t h e r a ck a r ea sh a ll be pr o-
vided wit h in su la t in g sect ion s t o elec-
t r i c a l l y i s o l a t e t h e r a c k p i p i n g fr o m
t h e pipelin es. No bon din g bet ween t h e
t a n k ca r a n d t h e r a ck or pipin g is r e-
qu ir ed du r in g eit h er loa din g or u n loa d-
i n g o f Cl a s s I I o r I I I l i q u i d s .
(v i ) Con t a in er f illin g f a cilit ies. Cl a s s I
liqu ids sh a ll n ot be dispen sed in t o con -
t a i n e r s u n l e s s t h e n o zzl e a n d c o n t a i n e r
a r e e l e c t r i c a l l y i n t e r c o n n e c t e d . Wh e r e
t h e m e t a l l i c fl o o r p l a t e o n w h i c h t h e
c o n t a i n e r s t a n d s w h i l e fi l l i n g i s e l e c -
t r i c a l l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e fi l l s t e m o r
w h e r e t h e fi l l s t e m i s b o n d e d t o t h e
c o n t a i n e r d u r i n g fi l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s b y
m ea n s of a bon d wir e, t h e pr ovision s of
t h is sect ion sh a ll be deem ed t o h a ve
been com plied wit h .
(4) W h a rv es—(i ) D ef in it ion , a p p lica t ion .
T h e t e r m w h a r f s h a l l m e a n a n y w h a r f,
pier , bu lk h ea d, or ot h er st r u ct u r e over
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
or con t igu ou s t o n a viga ble wa t er u sed
259
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00269 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
in con ju n ct ion wit h a bu lk pla n t , t h e
p r i m a r y fu n c t i o n o f w h i c h i s t h e t r a n s -
fe r o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d
ca r go in bu lk bet ween t h e bu lk pla n t
a n d a n y t a n k vessel, sh ip, ba r ge, ligh t -
e r b o a t , o r o t h e r m o b i l e fl o a t i n g c r a ft ;
a n d t h is su bpa r a gr a ph sh a ll a pply t o
a ll su ch in st a lla t ion s except Ma r in e
S er vice S t a t ion s a s cover ed in pa r a -
g r a p h (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i )–(i i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i v ) D esign a n d con st ru ct ion . S u b -
st r u ct u r e a n d deck sh a ll be su bst a n -
t i a l l y d e s i g n e d fo r t h e u s e i n t e n d e d .
Deck m a y em ploy a n y m a t er ia l wh ich
w i l l a ffo r d t h e d e s i r e d c o m b i n a t i o n o f
fl e x i b i l i t y , r e s i s t a n c e t o s h o c k , d u r a -
b i l i t y , s t r e n g t h , a n d fi r e r e s i s t a n c e .
Hea vy t im ber con st r u ct ion is a ccept -
a ble.
(v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v i ) P u m p s. L o a d i n g p u m p s c a p a b l e o f
bu ildin g u p pr essu r es in excess of t h e
s a fe w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f c a r g o h o s e o r
loa din g a r m s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h by -
pa sses, r elief va lves, or ot h er a r r a n ge-
m e n t t o p r o t e c t t h e l o a d i n g fa c i l i t i e s
a ga in st excessive pr essu r e. R elief de-
vices sh a ll be t est ed a t n ot m or e t h a n
y ea r ly in t er va ls t o det er m in e t h a t t h ey
fu n c t i o n s a t i s fa c t o r i l y a t t h e p r e s s u r e
a t wh ich t h ey a r e set .
(v i i ) H oses a n d cou p lin gs. A l l p r e s s u r e
h oses a n d cou plin gs sh a ll be in spect ed
a t in t er va ls a ppr opr ia t e t o t h e ser vice.
T h e h ose a n d cou plin gs sh a ll be t est ed
wit h t h e h ose ext en ded a n d u sin g t h e
‘‘i n s e r v i c e m a x i m u m o p e r a t i n g p r e s -
s u r e s .’’ A n y h o s e s h o w i n g m a t e r i a l d e -
t er ior a t ion s, sign s of lea k a ge, or wea k -
n ess in it s ca r ca ss or a t t h e cou plin gs
s h a l l b e w i t h d r a w n fr o m s e r v i c e a n d r e -
pa ir ed or disca r ded.
(v i i i ) P ip in g a n d f it t in gs. P i p i n g ,
v a l v e s , a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e i n a c c o r d -
a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g e x c e p t i o n s a n d a d d i -
t ion s:
(a ) F l e x i b i l i t y o f p i p i n g s h a l l b e a s -
su r ed by a ppr opr ia t e la y ou t a n d a r -
r a n gem en t of pipin g su ppor t s so t h a t
m ot ion of t h e wh a r f st r u ct u r e r esu lt in g
fr o m w a v e a c t i o n , c u r r e n t s , t i d e s , o r
t h e m oor in g of vessels will n ot su bject
t h e pipe t o r epea t ed st r a in bey on d t h e
ela st ic lim it .
(b) P i p e j o i n t s d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e
fr i c t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f c o m b u s t i b l e
m a t e r i a l s o r g r o o v i n g o f p i p e e n d s fo r
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
m ech a n ica l con t in u it y of pipin g sh a ll
n ot be u sed.
(c) S w i v e l j o i n t s m a y b e u s e d i n p i p -
in g t o wh ich h oses a r e con n ect ed, a n d
fo r a r t i c u l a t e d s w i v e l -j o i n t t r a n s fe r
sy st em s, pr ovided t h a t t h e design is
su ch t h a t t h e m ech a n ica l st r en gt h of
t h e join t will n ot be im pa ir ed if t h e
p a c k i n g m a t e r i a l s h o u l d fa i l , a s b y e x -
p o s u r e t o fi r e .
(d ) P i p i n g s y s t e m s s h a l l c o n t a i n a
s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r o f v a l v e s t o o p e r a t e
t h e sy st em pr oper ly a n d t o con t r ol t h e
fl o w o f l i q u i d i n n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n a n d
in t h e even t of ph y sica l da m a ge.
(e) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
s u b d i v i s i o n (d ) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n , e a c h
l i n e c o n v e y i n g fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s l e a d -
in g t o a wh a r f sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a
r ea dily a ccessible block va lve loca t ed
on sh or e n ea r t h e a ppr oa ch t o t h e
wh a r f a n d ou t side of a n y dik ed a r ea .
Wh e r e m o r e t h a n o n e l i n e i s i n v o l v e d ,
t h e va lves sh a ll be gr ou ped in on e loca -
t ion .
(f ) M e a n s o f e a s y a c c e s s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d fo r c a r g o l i n e v a l v e s l o c a t e d
below t h e wh a r f deck .
(g) P i p e l i n e s o n fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu ids wh a r ves sh a ll be a de-
qu a t ely bon ded a n d gr ou n ded. If exces-
sive st r a y cu r r en t s a r e en cou n t er ed, in -
su la t in g join t s sh a ll be in st a lled. Bon d-
in g a n d gr ou n din g con n ect ion s on a ll
p i p e l i n e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d o n w h a r fs i d e
o f h o s e -r i s e r i n s u l a t i n g fl a n g e s , i f u s e d ,
a n d s h a l l b e a c c e s s i b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n .
(h ) H o s e o r a r t i c u l a t e d s w i v e l -j o i n t
p i p e c o n n e c t i o n s u s e d fo r c a r g o t r a n s -
fe r s h a l l b e c a p a b l e o f a c c o m m o d a t i n g
t h e c o m b i n e d e ffe c t s o f c h a n g e i n d r a ft
a n d m a xim u m t ida l r a n ge, a n d m oor in g
lin es sh a ll be k ept a dju st ed t o pr even t
t h e s u r g e o f t h e v e s s e l fr o m p l a c i n g
s t r e s s o n t h e c a r g o t r a n s fe r s y s t e m .
(i) H o s e s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d s o a s t o
a v o i d k i n k i n g a n d d a m a g e fr o m c h a f-
in g.
(i x ) F ire p rot ect ion . S u i t a b l e p o r t a b l e
fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s w i t h a r a t i n g o f n o t
l e s s t h a n 12–B C s h a l l b e l o c a t e d w i t h i n
75 fe e t o f t h o s e p o r t i o n s o f t h e fa c i l i t y
w h e r e fi r e s a r e l i k e l y t o o c c u r , s u c h a s
h ose con n ect ion s, pu m ps, a n d sepa r a t or
t a n k s.
(a ) Wh e r e p i p e d w a t e r i s a v a i l a b l e ,
r e a d y -c o n n e c t e d fi r e h o s e i n s i ze a p p r o -
p r i a t e fo r t h e w a t e r s u p p l y s h a l l b e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p r o v i d e d s o t h a t m a n i fo l d s w h e r e c o n -
260
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00270 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
n ect ion s a r e m a de a n d br ok en ca n be
r ea ch ed by a t lea st on e h ose st r ea m .
(b) M a t e r i a l s h a l l n o t b e p l a c e d o n
wh a r ves in su ch a m a n n er a s t o ob-
s t r u c t a c c e s s t o fi r e fi g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t ,
or im por t a n t pipelin e con t r ol va lves.
(c) Wh e r e t h e w h a r f i s a c c e s s i b l e t o
v e h i c l e t r a ffi c , a n u n o b s t r u c t e d r o a d -
wa y t o t h e sh or e en d of t h e wh a r f sh a ll
b e m a i n t a i n e d fo r a c c e s s o f fi r e fi g h t i n g
a ppa r a t u s.
(x ) O p era t ion s con t rol. L o a d i n g o r d i s -
ch a r gin g sh a ll n ot com m en ce u n t il t h e
w h a r f s u p e r i n t e n d e n t a n d o ffi c e r i n
ch a r ge of t h e t a n k vessel a gr ee t h a t
t h e t a n k vessel is pr oper ly m oor ed a n d
a ll con n ect ion s a r e pr oper ly m a de. Me-
c h a n i c a l w o r k s h a l l n o t b e p e r fo r m e d
o n t h e w h a r f d u r i n g c a r g o t r a n s fe r , e x -
c e p t u n d e r s p e c i a l a u t h o r i za t i o n b a s e d
on a r eview of t h e a r ea in volved, m et h -
ods t o be em ploy ed, a n d pr eca u t ion s
n ecessa r y .
(5) E lect rica l equ ip m en t —(i ) A p p lica -
t ion . T h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h s h a l l a p p l y t o
a r e a s w h e r e Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e s t o r e d
o r h a n d l e d . F o r a r e a s w h e r e Cl a s s I I o r
Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s o n l y a r e s t o r e d o r h a n -
dled, t h e elect r ica l equ ipm en t m a y be
in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e pr ovi-
s i o n s o f S u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t , fo r o r d i -
n a r y loca t ion s.
(i i ) Con f orm a n ce. A l l e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m en t a n d wir in g sh a ll be of a t y pe
s p e c i fi e d b y a n d s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a ccor da n ce wit h S u bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(i i i ) Cla ssif ica t ion . S o fa r a s i t a p p l i e s
T a b l e H –18 s h a l l b e u s e d t o d e l i n e a t e
a n d c l a s s i fy h a za r d o u s a r e a s fo r t h e
pu r pose of in st a lla t ion of elect r ica l
equ ipm en t u n der n or m a l cir -
c u m s t a n c e s . I n T a b l e H –18 a c l a s s i fi e d
a r ea sh a ll n ot ext en d bey on d a n
u n p i e r c e d w a l l , r o o f, o r o t h e r s o l i d p a r -
t i t i o n . T h e a r e a c l a s s i fi c a t i o n s l i s t e d
sh a ll be ba sed on t h e pr em ise t h a t t h e
in st a lla t ion m eet s t h e a pplica ble r e-
qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion in a ll r e-
spect s.
(6) S ou rces of ign it ion . Cl a s s I l i q u i d s
sh a ll n ot be h a n dled, dr a wn , or dis-
p e n s e d w h e r e fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s m a y
r ea ch a sou r ce of ign it ion . S m ok in g
sh a ll be pr oh ibit ed except in des-
i g n a t e d l o c a l i t i e s . ‘‘N o S m o k i n g ’’ s i g n s
sh a ll be con spicu ou sly post ed wh er e
h a za r d fr o m fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d v a p o r s i s
n or m a lly pr esen t .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(7) D ra in a ge a n d w a st e d isp osa l. P r o v i -
s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e t o p r e v e n t fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids wh ich
m a y be spilled a t loa din g or u n loa din g
p o i n t s fr o m e n t e r i n g p u b l i c s e w e r s a n d
dr a in a ge sy st em s, or n a t u r a l wa t er -
w a y s . Co n n e c t i o n t o s u c h s e w e r s ,
d r a i n s , o r w a t e r w a y s b y w h i c h fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids m igh t
en t er sh a ll be pr ovided wit h sepa r a t or
boxes or ot h er a ppr oved m ea n s wh er e-
b y s u c h e n t r y i s p r e c l u d e d . Cr a n k c a s e
d r a i n i n g s a n d fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids sh a ll n ot be du m ped in t o
sewer s, bu t sh a ll be st or ed in t a n k s or
t igh t dr u m s ou t side of a n y bu ildin g
u n t i l r e m o v e d fr o m t h e p r e m i s e s .
(8) F ire con t rol. S u i t a b l e fi r e -c o n t r o l
devices, su ch a s sm a ll h ose or por t a ble
fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s , s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e t o
l o c a t i o n s w h e r e fi r e s a r e l i k e l y t o
o c c u r . A d d i t i o n a l fi r e -c o n t r o l e q u i p -
m en t m a y be r equ ir ed wh er e a t a n k of
m o r e t h a n 50,000 g a l l o n s i n d i v i d u a l c a -
p a c i t y c o n t a i n s Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a n d
w h e r e a n u n u s u a l e x p o s u r e h a za r d e x -
i s t s fr o m s u r r o u n d i n g p r o p e r t y . S u c h
a d d i t i o n a l fi r e -c o n t r o l e q u i p m e n t s h a l l
b e s u ffi c i e n t t o e x t i n g u i s h a fi r e i n t h e
la r gest t a n k . T h e design a n d a m ou n t of
su ch equ ipm en t sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce
wit h a ppr oved en gin eer in g st a n da r ds.
(g ) S erv ice st a t ion s—(1) S t ora ge a n d
h a n d lin g—(i ) Gen era l p rov ision s. (a ) L i q -
u ids sh a ll be st or ed in a ppr oved closed
c o n t a i n e r s n o t e x c e e d i n g 60 g a l l o n s c a -
pa cit y , in t a n k s loca t ed u n der gr ou n d,
in t a n k s in specia l en closu r es a s de-
s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , or in a bovegr ou n d t a n k s a s pr o-
v i d e d fo r i n p a r a g r a p h s (g )(4)(i i ), (b), (c)
a n d (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
TABLE H–18—ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDOUS AREAS—BULK PLANTS
Class I
Location Group D
division
Tank vehicle and tank car: 1
Loading through open dome ...........................
Loading through bottom connections with at-
mospheric venting.
Loading through closed dome with atmos-
pheric venting.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
261
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00271 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
(b) A b o v e g r o u n d t a n k s , l o c a t e d i n a n
a djoin in g bu lk pla n t , m a y be con n ect ed
by pipin g t o ser vice st a t ion u n der -
g r o u n d t a n k s i f, i n a d d i t i o n t o v a l v e s
a t a bovegr ou n d t a n k s, a va lve is a lso
in st a lled wit h in con t r ol of ser vice st a -
t ion per son n el.
(c) A p p a r a t u s d i s p e n s i n g Cl a s s I l i q -
u i d s i n t o t h e fu e l t a n k s o f m o t o r v e h i -
cles of t h e pu blic sh a ll n ot be loca t ed
a t a bu lk pla n t u n less sepa r a t ed by a
fe n c e o r s i m i l a r b a r r i e r fr o m t h e a r e a
in wh ich bu lk oper a t ion s a r e con -
du ct ed.
(d ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(e) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h
(g )(1)(i )(a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l n o t p r o -
h i b i t t h e d i s p e n s i n g o f fl a m m a b l e l i q -
u i d s i n t h e o p e n fr o m a t a n k v e h i c l e t o
a m ot or veh icle. S u ch dispen sin g sh a ll
be per m it t ed pr ovided:
(1) T h e t a n k v e h i c l e c o m p l i e s w i t h
t h e r equ ir em en t s cover ed in t h e S t a n d-
a r d o n T a n k V e h i c l e s fo r F l a m m a b l e
L i q u i d s , N F P A 385–1966.
(2) T h e d i s p e n s i n g i s d o n e o n p r e m -
ises n ot open t o t h e pu blic.
(3) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) T h e d i s p e n s i n g h o s e d o e s n o t e x -
c e e d 50 fe e t i n l e n g t h .
(5) T h e d i s p e n s i n g n o zzl e i s a l i s t e d
a u t o m a t i c -c l o s i n g t y pe wit h ou t a
la t ch open device.
(f ) Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l n o t b e s t o r e d
or h a n dled wit h in a bu ildin g h a vin g a
b a s e m e n t o r p i t i n t o w h i c h fl a m m a b l e
va por s m a y t r a vel, u n less su ch a r ea is
pr ovided wit h ven t ila t ion design ed t o
p r e v e n t t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e
va por s t h er ein .
(g) [R e s e r v e d ]
Extent of classified area
1 Within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from edge of dome, extending
in all directions.
1 Within 3 feet of point of venting to atmosphere extending in all
directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from point of venting to at-
mosphere, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches
above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from point
of loading connection.
1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from open end of vent, ex-
tending in all directions. Also within 3 feet of edge of dome,
extending in all directions.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
TABLE H–18—ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDOUS AREAS—BULK PLANTS—Continued
Location
Loading through closed dome with vapor re-
covery.
Bottom loading with vapor recovery or any
bottom unloading.
Drum and container filling:
Outdoors, or indoors with adequate ventilation
Outdoors, or indoors with adequate ventilation
Tank—Aboveground:
Shell, ends, or roof and dike area ..................
Vent .................................................................
Floating roof ....................................................
Pits:
Without mechanical ventilation ........................
With mechanical ventilation .............................
Containing valves, fittings or piping, and not
within a Division 1 or 2 classified area.
Pumps, bleeders, withdrawal fittings, meters and
similar devices:
Indoors .............................................................
Outdoors ..........................................................
Storage and repair garage for tank vehicles ..
Drainage ditches, separators, impounding ba-
sins.
Garages for other than tank vehicles ..............
Outdoor drum storage .....................................
Indoor warehousing where there is no flam-
mable liquid transfer.
Office and rest rooms ......................................
1 When classifying the extent of the area, consideration shall be given to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles may be spot-
ted at varying points. Therefore, the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used.
2 Ordinary.
(i i ) S p ecia l en closu res. (a ) Wh e n i n s t a l -
la t ion of t a n k s in a ccor da n ce wit h
p a r a g r a p h (b )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n i s i m -
pr a ct ica l beca u se of pr oper t y or bu ild-
i n g l i m i t a t i o n s , t a n k s fo r fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu ids m a y be in st a lled in
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
bu ildin gs if pr oper ly en closed.
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00272
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
Class I
Group D Extent of classified area
division
2 Within 3 feet of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines,
extending in all directions.
2 Within 3 feet of point of connections extending in all direc-
tions. Also up to 18 inches above grade with in a horizontal
radius of 10 feet from point of connection.
1 Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening, extending in all direc-
tions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent or fill opening, ex-
tending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or
grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from vent or
fill opening.
1 Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening, extending in all direc-
tions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent or fill opening, ex-
tending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above floor or
grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from vent or
fill opening.
2 Within 10 feet from shell, ends, or roof of tank, Area inside
dikes to level of top of dike.
1 Within 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions.
2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open end of vent, ex-
tending in all directions.
1 Area above the roof and within the shell.
1 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2
classified area.
2 Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division 1 or 2
classified area.
2 Entire pit.
2 Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all di-
rections. Also up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within
25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices.
2 Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices, extending in all di-
rections. Also up to 18 inches above grade level within 10
feet horizontally from any edge of such devices.
1 All pits or spaces below floor level.
2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level for entire stor-
age or repair garage.
2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch, separator or basin. Also up
to 18 inches above grade within 15 feet horizontally from
any edge.
(2 ) If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an
outdoor classified area, the entire room shall be classified
the same as the area classification at the point of the open-
ing.
(2 )
(2 ) If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an
indoor classified are, the room shall be classified the same
as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist.
(2 )
(b) T h e e n c l o s u r e s h a l l b e s u b s t a n -
t ia lly liqu id a n d va por t igh t wit h ou t
b a c k fi l l . S i d e s , t o p , a n d b o t t o m o f t h e
e n c l o s u r e s h a l l b e o f r e i n fo r c e d c o n -
cr et e a t lea st 6 in ch es t h ick , wit h open -
i n g s fo r i n s p e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e t o p
on ly . T a n k con n ect ion s sh a ll be so
262
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
piped or closed t h a t n eit h er va por s n or
liqu id ca n esca pe in t o t h e en closed
spa ce. Mea n s sh a ll be pr ovided wh er eby
por t a ble equ ipm en t m a y be em ploy ed
t o disch a r ge t o t h e ou t side a n y liqu id
or va por s wh ich m igh t a ccu m u la t e
sh ou ld lea k a ge occu r .
(i i i ) I n sid e bu ild in gs. (a ) E x c e p t w h e r e
st or ed in t a n k s a s pr ovided in su bdivi-
s i o n (i i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h , n o Cl a s s
I liqu ids sh a ll be st or ed wit h in a n y
ser vice st a t ion bu ildin g except in
closed con t a in er s of a ggr ega t e ca pa cit y
n o t e x c e e d i n g 60 g a l l o n s . On e c o n t a i n e r
n o t e x c e e d i n g 60 g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y
equ ipped wit h a n a ppr oved pu m p is per -
m it t ed.
(b) Cl a s s I l i q u i d s m a y b e t r a n s fe r r e d
fr o m o n e c o n t a i n e r t o a n o t h e r i n l u b r i -
ca t ion or ser vice r oom s of a ser vice
st a t ion bu ildin g pr ovided t h e elect r ica l
i n s t a l l a t i o n c o m p l i e s w i t h T a b l e H –19
a n d pr ovided t h a t a n y h ea t in g equ ip-
m e n t c o m p l i e s w i t h s u b p a r a g r a p h (6) o f
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(c) Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s m a y
be st or ed a n d dispen sed in side ser vice
s t a t i o n b u i l d i n g s fr o m t a n k s o f n o t
m o r e t h a n 120 g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y e a c h .
(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) D isp en sin g in t o p ort a ble con t a in ers.
N o d e l i v e r y o f a n y Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l
be m a de in t o por t a ble con t a in er s u n -
less t h e con t a in er is con st r u ct ed of
m et a l, h a s a t igh t closu r e wit h scr ewed
o r s p r i n g c o v e r , a n d i s fi t t e d w i t h a
spou t or so design ed t h a t t h e con t en t s
ca n be pou r ed wit h ou t spillin g.
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(3) D isp en sin g sy st em s—(i ) L oca t ion .
Dispen sin g devices a t a u t om ot ive ser v-
ice st a t ion s sh a ll be so loca t ed t h a t a ll
pa r t s of t h e veh icle bein g ser ved will be
on t h e pr em ises of t h e ser vice st a t ion .
(i i ) I n sid e loca t ion . A p p r o v e d d i s -
pen sin g u n it s m a y be loca t ed in side of
bu ildin gs. T h e dispen sin g a r ea sh a ll be
s e p a r a t e d fr o m o t h e r a r e a s i n a n a p -
pr oved m a n n er . T h e dispen sin g u n it
a n d it s pipin g sh a ll be m ou n t ed eit h er
on a con cr et e isla n d or pr ot ect ed
a ga in st collision da m a ge by su it a ble
m ea n s a n d sh a ll be loca t ed in a posi-
t ion wh er e it ca n n ot be st r u ck by a ve-
h icle descen din g a r a m p or ot h er slope
ou t of con t r ol. T h e dispen sin g a r ea
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a n a ppr oved m e-
ch a n ica l or gr a vit y ven t ila t ion sy st em .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
Wh e n d i s p e n s i n g u n i t s a r e l o c a t e d
263
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00273 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
below gr a de, on ly a ppr oved m ech a n ica l
ven t ila t ion sh a ll be u sed a n d t h e en t ir e
dispen sin g a r ea sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by
a n a ppr oved a u t om a t ic spr in k ler sy s-
t em . Ven t ila t in g sy st em s sh a ll be elec-
t r ica lly in t er lock ed wit h ga solin e dis-
pen sin g u n it s so t h a t t h e dispen sin g
u n it s ca n n ot be oper a t ed u n less t h e
v e n t i l a t i n g fa n m o t o r s a r e e n e r g i ze d .
(i i i ) E m ergen cy p ow er cu t of f . A c l e a r l y
i d e n t i fi e d and ea sily a ccessible
s w i t c h (e s ) o r a c i r c u i t b r e a k e r (s ) s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d a t a l o c a t i o n r e m o t e fr o m
dispen sin g devices, in clu din g r em ot e
p u m p i n g s y s t e m s , t o s h u t o ff t h e p o w e r
t o a ll dispen sin g devices in t h e even t of
a n em er gen cy .
(i v ) D isp en sin g u n it s. (a ) Cl a s s I l i q -
u i d s s h a l l b e t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m t a n k s b y
m e a n s o f fi x e d p u m p s s o d e s i g n e d a n d
e q u i p p e d a s t o a l l o w c o n t r o l o f t h e fl o w
a n d t o pr even t lea k a ge or a cciden t a l
disch a r ge.
(b)(1) On l y l i s t e d d e v i c e s m a y b e u s e d
fo r d i s p e n s i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s . N o s u c h
device m a y be u sed if it sh ows eviden ce
of h a vin g been dism a n t led.
(2) E v e r y d i s p e n s i n g d e v i c e fo r Cl a s s I
l i q u i d s i n s t a l l e d a ft e r D e c e m b e r 31,
1978, s h a l l c o n t a i n e v i d e n c e o f l i s t i n g
so pla ced t h a t a n y a t t em pt t o dis-
m a n t le t h e device will r esu lt in da m -
a ge t o su ch eviden ce, visible wit h ou t
d i s a s s e m b l y o r d i s m o u n t i n g o f t h e n o z-
zl e .
(c) Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l n o t b e d i s -
p e n s e d b y p r e s s u r e fr o m d r u m s , b a r -
r els, a n d sim ila r con t a in er s. Appr oved
pu m ps t a k in g su ct ion t h r ou gh t h e t op
o f t h e c o n t a i n e r o r a p p r o v e d s e l f-c l o s -
i n g fa u c e t s s h a l l b e u s e d .
(d ) T h e d i s p e n s i n g u n i t s , e x c e p t t h o s e
a t t a ch ed t o con t a in er s, sh a ll be m ou n t -
ed eit h er on a con cr et e isla n d or pr o-
t ect ed a ga in st collision da m a ge by
su it a ble m ea n s.
(v ) R em ot e p u m p in g sy st em s.
(a ) T h i s s u b d i v i s i o n s h a l l a p p l y t o
s y s t e m s fo r d i s p e n s i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s
w h e r e s u c h l i q u i d s a r e t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m
st or a ge t o in dividu a l or m u lt iple dis-
pen sin g u n it s by pu m ps loca t ed else-
wh er e t h a n a t t h e dispen sin g u n it s.
(b) P u m p s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d o r
equ ipped so t h a t n o pa r t of t h e sy st em
will be su bject ed t o pr essu r es a bove it s
a llowa ble wor k in g pr essu r e. P u m ps in -
st a lled a bove gr a de, ou t side of bu ild-
i n g s , s h a l l b e l o c a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n 10
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
fe e t fr o m l i n e s o f a d j o i n i n g p r o p e r t y
wh ich m a y be bu ilt u pon , a n d n ot less
t h a n 5 fe e t fr o m a n y b u i l d i n g o p e n i n g .
Wh e n a n o u t s i d e p u m p l o c a t i o n i s i m -
pr a ct ica l, pu m ps m a y be in st a lled in -
s i d e o f b u i l d i n g s , a s p r o v i d e d fo r d i s -
p e n s e r s i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i i ) o f t h i s s u b -
pa r a gr a ph , or in pit s a s pr ovided in
s u b d i v i s i o n (c) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n .
P u m ps sh a ll be su bst a n t ia lly a n ch or ed
a n d pr ot ect ed a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge
by veh icles.
(c) P i t s fo r s u b s u r fa c e p u m p s o r p i p -
i n g m a n i fo l d s o f s u b m e r s i b l e p u m p s
s h a l l w i t h s t a n d t h e e x t e r n a l fo r c e s t o
wh ich t h ey m a y be su bject ed wit h ou t
da m a ge t o t h e pu m p, t a n k , or pipin g.
T h e pit sh a ll be n o la r ger t h a n n ec-
e s s a r y fo r i n s p e c t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e
a n d s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a fi t t e d
cover .
(d ) A c o n t r o l s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t h a t
will per m it t h e pu m p t o oper a t e on ly
w h e n a d i s p e n s i n g n o zzl e i s r e m o v e d
fr o m i t s b r a c k e t o n t h e d i s p e n s i n g u n i t
a n d t h e swit ch on t h is dispen sin g u n it
is m a n u a lly a ct u a t ed. T h is con t r ol
s h a l l a l s o s t o p t h e p u m p w h e n a l l n o z-
zl e s h a v e b e e n r e t u r n e d t o t h e i r b r a c k -
et s.
(e) A n a p p r o v e d i m p a c t v a l v e , i n c o r -
p o r a t i n g a fu s i b l e l i n k , d e s i g n e d t o
close a u t om a t ica lly in t h e even t of se-
v e r e i m p a c t o r fi r e e x p o s u r e s h a l l b e
pr oper ly in st a lled in t h e dispen sin g
su pply lin e a t t h e ba se of ea ch in di-
vidu a l dispen sin g device.
(f ) T e s t i n g . A ft e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f
t h e in st a lla t ion , in clu din g a n y pa vin g,
t h a t sect ion of t h e pr essu r e pipin g sy s-
t em bet ween t h e pu m p disch a r ge a n d
t h e c o n n e c t i o n fo r t h e d i s p e n s i n g fa c i l -
i t y s h a l l b e t e s t e d fo r a t l e a s t 30 m i n -
u t es a t t h e m a xim u m oper a t in g pr es-
su r e of t h e sy st em . S u ch t est s sh a ll be
r e p e a t e d a t 5-y e a r i n t e r v a l s t h e r e a ft e r .
(v i ) D eliv ery n oz z les. (a ) A l i s t e d m a n -
u a l o r a u t o m a t i c -c l o s i n g t y p e h o s e n o z-
zl e v a l v e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d o n d i s -
p e n s e r s u s e d fo r t h e d i s p e n s i n g o f Cl a s s
I liqu ids.
(b) M a n u a l -c l o s i n g t y p e v a l v e s s h a l l
be h eld open m a n u a lly du r in g dis-
p e n s i n g . A u t o m a t i c -c l o s i n g t y p e v a l v e s
m a y be u sed in con ju n ct ion wit h a n a p-
p r o v e d l a t c h -o p e n d e v i c e .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
264
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(4) M a rin e serv ice st a t ion s—(i ) D is-
p en sin g. (a ) T h e d i s p e n s i n g a r e a s h a l l
b e l o c a t e d a w a y fr o m o t h e r s t r u c t u r e s
s o a s t o p r o v i d e r o o m fo r s a fe i n g r e s s
a n d e g r e s s o f c r a ft t o b e fu e l e d . D i s -
pen sin g u n it s sh a ll in a ll ca ses be a t
l e a s t 20 fe e t fr o m a n y a c t i v i t y i n v o l v -
i n g fi x e d s o u r c e s o f i g n i t i o n .
(b) D i s p e n s i n g s h a l l b e b y a p p r o v e d
dispen sin g u n it s wit h or wit h ou t in t e-
gr a l pu m ps a n d m a y be loca t ed on open
p i e r s , w h a r v e s , o r fl o a t i n g d o c k s o r o n
s h o r e o r o n p i e r s o f t h e s o l i d fi l l t y p e .
(c) D i s p e n s i n g n o zzl e s s h a l l b e a u t o -
m a t i c -c l o s i n g w i t h o u t a h o l d -o p e n
la t ch .
(i i ) T a n k s a n d p u m p s. (a ) T a n k s , a n d
pu m ps n ot in t egr a l wit h t h e dispen sin g
u n it , sh a ll be on sh or e or on a pier of
t h e s o l i d fi l l t y p e , e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n
p a r a g r a p h s (g )(4)(i i ) (b) a n d (c) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(b) Wh e r e s h o r e l o c a t i o n w o u l d r e -
qu ir e excessively lon g su pply lin es t o
dispen ser s, t a n k s m a y be in st a lled on a
pier pr ovided t h a t a pplica ble por t ion s
o f p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n r e l a t i v e
t o spa cin g, dik in g, a n d pipin g a r e com -
plied wit h a n d t h e qu a n t it y so st or ed
d o e s n o t e x c e e d 1,100 g a l l o n s a g g r e g a t e
ca pa cit y .
(c) S h o r e t a n k s s u p p l y i n g m a r i n e
ser vice st a t ion s m a y be loca t ed a bove
gr ou n d, wh er e r ock ledges or h igh
wa t er t a ble m a k e u n der gr ou n d t a n k s
im pr a ct ica l.
(d ) Wh e r e t a n k s a r e a t a n e l e v a t i o n
wh ich wou ld pr odu ce gr a vit y h ea d on
t h e dispen sin g u n it , t h e t a n k ou t let
sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a pr essu r e con -
t r ol va lve posit ion ed a dja cen t t o a n d
o u t s i d e t h e t a n k b l o c k v a l v e s p e c i fi e d
i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(2)(i x )(b) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , so a dju st ed t h a t liqu id ca n n ot
fl o w b y g r a v i t y fr o m t h e t a n k i n c a s e
o f p i p i n g o r h o s e fa i l u r e .
(i i i ) P ip in g. (a ) P i p i n g b e t w e e n s h o r e
t a n k s a n d dispen sin g u n it s sh a ll be a s
d e s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , except t h a t , wh er e dispen sin g is
fr o m a fl o a t i n g s t r u c t u r e , s u i t a b l e
l e n g t h s o f o i l -r e s i s t a n t fl e x i b l e h o s e
m a y be em ploy ed bet ween t h e sh or e
p i p i n g a n d t h e p i p i n g o n t h e fl o a t i n g
st r u ct u r e a s m a de n ecessa r y by ch a n ge
in wa t er level or sh or elin e.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
TABLE H–19—ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT HAZARDOUS AREAS—SERVICE STATIONS
Location
Underground tank:
Fill opening ......................................................
Vent—Discharging upward ..............................
Dispenser:
Pits ...................................................................
Dispenser enclosure ........................................
Outdoor ............................................................
Indoor:
With mechanical ventilation .............................
With gravity ventilation ....................................
Remote pump—Outdoor .................................
Remote pump—Indoor ....................................
Lubrication or service room .............................
Dispenser for Class I liquids ...........................
Special enclosure inside building per § 1910.–
106(f)(1)(ii).
Sales, storage and rest rooms ........................
1 Ordinary.
(b) A r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e v a l v e t o s h u t
o ff t h e s u p p l y fr o m s h o r e s h a l l b e p r o -
vided in ea ch pipelin e a t or n ea r t h e
a ppr oa ch t o t h e pier a n d a t t h e sh or e
en d of ea ch pipelin e a dja cen t t o t h e
p o i n t w h e r e fl e x i b l e h o s e i s a t t a c h e d .
(c) P i p i n g s h a l l b e l o c a t e d s o a s t o b e
p r o t e c t e d fr o m p h y s i c a l d a m a g e .
(d ) P i p i n g h a n d l i n g Cl a s s I l i q u i d s
sh a ll be gr ou n ded t o con t r ol st r a y cu r -
r en t s.
(5) E lect rica l equ ip m en t —(i ) A p p lica -
t ion . T h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h s h a l l a p p l y t o
a r e a s w h e r e Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e s t o r e d
o r h a n d l e d . F o r a r e a s w h e r e Cl a s s I I o r
Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s a r e s t o r e d o r h a n d l e d
t h e elect r ica l equ ipm en t m a y be in -
st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e pr ovi-
s i o n s o f s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t , fo r o r d i -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
n a r y loca t ion s.
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00275
§ 1910.106
Class I
Group D Extent of classified area
division
1 Any pit, box or space below grade level, any part of which is
within the Division 1 or 2 classified area.
2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within a horizontal radius
of 10 feet from a loose fill connection and within a hori-
zontal radius of 5 feet from a tight fill connection.
1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end of vent, extending
in all directions.
1 Any pit, box or space below grade level, any part of which is
within the Division 1 or 2 classified area.
1 The area 4 feet vertically above base within the enclosure and
18 inches horizontally in all directions.
2 Up to 18 inches above grade level within 20 feet horizontally
of any edge of enclosure.
2 Up to 18 inches above grade or floor level within 20 feet hori-
zontally of any edge of enclosure.
2 Up to 18 inches above grade or floor level within 25 feet hori-
zontally of any edge of enclosure.
1 Any pit, box or space below grade level if any part is within a
horizontal distance of 10 feet from any edge of pump.
2 Within 3 feet of any edge of pump, extending in all directions.
Also up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet hori-
zontally from any edge of pump.
1 Entire area within any pit.
2 Within 5 feet of any edge of pump, extending in all directions.
Also up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet
horizontally from any edge of pump.
1 Entire area within any pit.
2 Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level within entire
lubrication room.
2 Within 3 feet of any fill or dispensing point, extending in all di-
rections.
1 Entire enclosure.
(1 ) If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of a
Division 1 area, the entire room shall be classified as Divi-
sion 1.
(i i ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d w i r -
i n g s h a l l b e o f a t y p e s p e c i fi e d b y a n d
sh a ll be in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h
su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(i i i ) S o fa r a s i t a p p l i e s . T a b l e H –19
s h a l l b e u s e d t o d e l i n e a t e a n d c l a s s i fy
h a za r d o u s a r e a s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f i n -
st a lla t ion of elect r ica l equ ipm en t
u n der n or m a l cir cu m st a n ces. A cla ssi-
fi e d a r e a s h a l l n o t e x t e n d b e y o n d a n
u n p i e r c e d w a l l , r o o f, o r o t h e r s o l i d p a r -
t it ion .
(i v ) T h e a r e a c l a s s i fi c a t i o n s l i s t e d
sh a ll be ba sed on t h e a ssu m pt ion t h a t
t h e in st a lla t ion m eet s t h e a pplica ble
r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion in a ll r e-
spect s.
265
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
(6) H ea t in g equ ip m en t —(i ) Con f orm -
a n ce. H e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e i n -
s t a l l e d a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (g )(6)
(i i ) t h r o u g h (v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) A p p lica t ion . H e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t
m a y be in st a lled in t h e con ven t ion a l
m a n n er in a n a r ea except a s pr ovided
i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(6) (i i i ), (i v ), o r (v ) o f
t h is sect ion .
(i i i ) S p ecia l room . H e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t
m a y be in st a lled in a specia l r oom sep-
a r a t e d fr o m a n a r e a c l a s s i fi e d b y T a b l e
H –19 b y w a l l s h a v i n g a fi r e r e s i s t a n c e
r a t in g of a t lea st 1 h ou r a n d wit h ou t
a n y o p e n i n g s i n t h e w a l l s w i t h i n 8 fe e t
o f t h e fl o o r i n t o a n a r e a c l a s s i fi e d i n
T a b l e H –19. T h i s r o o m s h a l l n o t b e u s e d
fo r c o m b u s t i b l e s t o r a g e a n d a l l a i r fo r
c o m b u s t i o n p u r p o s e s s h a l l c o m e fr o m
ou t side t h e bu ildin g.
(i v ) W ork a rea s. H e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t
u s i n g g a s o r o i l fu e l m a y b e i n s t a l l e d i n
t h e lu br ica t ion , sa les, or ser vice r oom
wh er e t h er e is n o dispen sin g or t r a n s-
fe r r i n g o f Cl a s s I l i q u i d s p r o v i d e d t h e
bot t om of t h e com bu st ion ch a m ber is
a t l e a s t 18 i n c h e s a b o v e t h e fl o o r a n d
t h e h ea t in g equ ipm en t is pr ot ect ed
fr o m p h y s i c a l d a m a g e b y v e h i c l e s .
H e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t u s i n g g a s o r o i l fu e l
l i s t e d fo r u s e i n g a r a g e s m a y b e i n -
st a lled in t h e lu br ica t ion or ser vice
r o o m w h e r e Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e d i s -
pen sed pr ovided t h e equ ipm en t is in -
s t a l l e d a t l e a s t 8 fe e t a b o v e t h e fl o o r .
(v ) E lect ric h ea t . E l e c t r i c a l h e a t i n g
e q u i p m e n t s h a l l c o n fo r m t o p a r a g r a p h
(g )(5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(7) D ra in a ge a n d w a st e d isp osa l. P r o v i -
sion sh a ll be m a de in t h e a r ea wh er e
Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a r e d i s p e n s e d t o p r e v e n t
s p i l l e d l i q u i d s fr o m fl o w i n g i n t o t h e i n -
t er ior of ser vice st a t ion bu ildin gs.
S u ch pr ovision m a y be by gr a din g
dr ivewa y s, r a isin g door sills, or ot h er
e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e m e a n s . Cr a n k c a s e
d r a i n i n g s a n d fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids sh a ll n ot be du m ped in t o
sewer s bu t sh a ll be st or ed in t a n k s or
dr u m s ou t side of a n y bu ildin g u n t il r e-
m o v e d fr o m t h e p r e m i s e s .
(8) S ou rces of ign it ion . I n a d d i t i o n t o
t h e pr eviou s r est r ict ion s of t h is pa r a -
g r a p h , t h e fo l l o w i n g s h a l l a p p l y : T h e r e
s h a l l b e n o s m o k i n g o r o p e n fl a m e s i n
t h e a r e a s u s e d fo r fu e l i n g , s e r v i c i n g
fu e l s y s t e m s fo r i n t e r n a l c o m b u s t i o n
en gin es, r eceivin g or dispen sin g of
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s . Co n -
266
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
spicu ou s a n d legible sign s pr oh ibit in g
sm ok in g sh a ll be post ed wit h in sigh t of
t h e cu st om er bein g ser ved. T h e m ot or s
o f a l l e q u i p m e n t b e i n g fu e l e d s h a l l b e
s h u t o ff d u r i n g t h e fu e l i n g o p e r a t i o n .
(9) F ire con t rol. E a c h s e r v i c e s t a t i o n
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a t l e a s t o n e fi r e
ext in gu ish er h a vin g a m in im u m a p-
p r o v e d c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f 6 B , C, l o c a t e d
so t h a t a n ext in gu ish er , will be wit h in
75 fe e t o f e a c h p u m p , d i s p e n s e r , u n d e r -
g r o u n d fi l l p i p e o p e n i n g , a n d l u b r i c a -
t ion or ser vice r oom .
(h ) P rocessin g p la n t s—(1) S cop e. T h i s
pa r a gr a ph sh a ll a pply t o t h ose pla n t s
or bu ildin gs wh ich con t a in ch em ica l
oper a t ion s su ch a s oxida t ion , r edu c-
t ion , h a logen a t ion , h y dr ogen a t ion ,
a l k y l a t i o n , p o l y m e r i za t i o n , a n d o t h e r
ch em ica l pr ocesses bu t sh a ll n ot a pply
t o c h e m i c a l p l a n t s , r e fi n e r i e s o r d i s t i l l -
er ies.
(2) L oca t ion —(i ) Cla ssif ica t ion . T h e l o -
ca t ion of ea ch pr ocessin g vessel sh a ll
b e b a s e d u p o n i t s fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu id ca pa cit y .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(3) P rocessin g bu ild in g—(i ) Con st ru c-
t ion . (a ) P r o c e s s i n g b u i l d i n g s s h a l l b e o f
fi r e -r e s i s t a n c e o r n o n c o m b u s t i b l e c o n -
st r u ct ion , except h ea vy t im ber con -
s t r u c t i o n w i t h l o a d -b e a r i n g w a l l s m a y
b e p e r m i t t e d fo r p l a n t s u t i l i zi n g o n l y
s t a b l e Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s . E x -
c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (h )(2)(i i )
of t h is sect ion or in t h e ca se of explo-
sion r esist a n t wa lls u sed in con ju n c-
t i o n w i t h e x p l o s i o n r e l i e v i n g fa c i l i t i e s ,
s e e p a r a g r a p h (h )(3)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
l o a d -b e a r i n g wa lls a r e pr oh ibit ed.
Bu ildin gs sh a ll be wit h ou t ba sem en t s
or cover ed pit s.
(b) A r e a s s h a l l h a v e a d e q u a t e e x i t fa -
cilit ies a r r a n ged t o pr even t occu pa n t s
fr o m b e i n g t r a p p e d i n t h e e v e n t o f fi r e .
E xit s sh a ll n ot be exposed by t h e dr a in -
a g e fa c i l i t i e s d e s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(h )(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) D ra in a ge. (a ) E m e r g e n c y d r a i n a g e
sy st em s sh a ll be pr ovided t o dir ect
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d l e a k -
a g e a n d fi r e p r o t e c t i o n w a t e r t o a s a fe
loca t ion . T h is m a y r equ ir e cu r bs, scu p-
per s, or specia l dr a in a ge sy st em s t o
c o n t r o l t h e s p r e a d o f fi r e , s e e p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(2)(v i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b) E m e r g e n c y d r a i n a g e s y s t e m s , i f
con n ect ed t o pu blic sewer s or dis-
ch a r ged in t o pu blic wa t er wa y s, sh a ll be
equ ipped wit h t r a ps or sepa r a t or s.
(i i i ) V en t ila t ion . (a ) E n c l o s e d p r o c -
essin g bu ildin gs sh a ll be ven t ila t ed a t a
r a t e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 1 c u b i c fo o t p e r
m i n u t e p e r s q u a r e fo o t o f s o l i d fl o o r
a r ea . T h is sh a ll be a ccom plish ed by
n a t u r a l or m ech a n ica l ven t ila t ion wit h
d i s c h a r g e o r e x h a u s t t o a s a fe l o c a t i o n
ou t side of t h e bu ildin g. P r ovision s
s h a l l b e m a d e fo r i n t r o d u c t i o n o f
m a k eu p a ir in su ch a m a n n er a s n ot t o
sh or t cir cu it t h e ven t ila t ion . Ven t ila -
t ion sh a ll be a r r a n ged t o in clu de a ll
fl o o r a r e a s o r p i t s w h e r e fl a m m a b l e v a -
por s m a y collect .
(b) E q u i p m e n t u s e d i n a b u i l d i n g a n d
t h e ven t ila t ion of t h e bu ildin g sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d s o a s t o l i m i t fl a m m a b l e
v a p o r -a i r m i x t u r e s u n d e r n o r m a l o p e r -
a t in g con dit ion s t o t h e in t er ior of
e q u i p m e n t , a n d t o n o t m o r e t h a n 5 fe e t
fr o m e q u i p m e n t w h i c h e x p o s e s Cl a s s I
liqu ids t o t h e a ir . E xa m ples of su ch
equ ipm en t a r e dispen sin g st a t ion s,
o p e n c e n t r i fu g e s , p l a t e a n d fr a m e fi l -
t e r s , o p e n v a c u u m fi l t e r s , a n d s u r fa c e s
of open equ ipm en t .
(i v ) E x p losion relief . A r e a s w h e r e Cl a s s
IA or u n st a ble liqu ids a r e pr ocessed
sh a ll h a ve explosion ven t in g t h r ou gh
o n e o r m o r e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d s :
(a ) Op e n a i r c o n s t r u c t i o n .
(b) L i g h t w e i g h t w a l l s a n d r o o f.
(c) L i g h t w e i g h t w a l l p a n e l s a n d r o o f
h a t ch es.
(d ) Wi n d o w s o f e x p l o s i o n v e n t i n g
t y pe.
(4) L iqu id h a n d lin g—(i ) S t ora ge. (a )
T h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids in t a n k s sh a ll be in a c-
cor da n ce wit h t h e a pplica ble pr ovision s
o f p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) I f t h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m m a b l e o r
com bu st ible liqu ids in ou t side a bove-
gr ou n d or u n der gr ou n d t a n k s is n ot
pr a ct ica l beca u se of t em per a t u r e or
pr odu ct ion con sider a t ion s, t a n k s m a y
be per m it t ed in side of bu ildin gs or
st r u ct u r es in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e a p-
p l i c a b l e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f
t h is sect ion .
(c) S t o r a g e t a n k s i n s i d e o f b u i l d i n g s
sh a ll be per m it t ed on ly in a r ea s a t or
a bove gr a de wh ich h a ve a dequ a t e
d r a i n a g e a n d a r e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pr ocessin g a r ea by con st r u ct ion h a vin g
267
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00277 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
a fi r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g o f a t l e a s t 2
h ou r s.
(d ) T h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu ids in con t a in er s sh a ll be
in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e a pplica ble pr o-
v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) P ip in g, v a lv es, a n d f it t in gs. (a ) P i p -
i n g , v a l v e s , a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e i n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(b) A p p r o v e d fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t o r s m a y
be u sed wh er e vibr a t ion exist s or wh er e
fr e q u e n t m o v e m e n t i s n e c e s s a r y . A p -
p r o v e d h o s e m a y b e u s e d a t t r a n s fe r
st a t ion s.
(c) P i p i n g c o n t a i n i n g fl a m m a b l e o r
c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l b e i d e n t i fi e d .
(i i i ) T ra n sf er. (a ) T h e t r a n s fe r o f l a r g e
q u a n t i t i e s o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu ids sh a ll be t h r ou gh pipin g by
m ea n s of pu m ps or wa t er displa cem en t .
E xcept a s r equ ir ed in pr ocess equ ip-
m e n t , g r a v i t y fl o w s h a l l n o t b e u s e d .
T h e u s e o f c o m p r e s s e d a i r a s a t r a n s fe r -
r in g m ediu m is pr oh ibit ed.
(b) P o s i t i v e d i s p l a c e m e n t pu m ps
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h pr essu r e r elief
disch a r gin g ba ck t o t h e t a n k or t o
pu m p su ct ion .
(i v ) E qu ip m en t . (a ) E q u i p m e n t s h a l l
be design ed a n d a r r a n ged t o pr even t
t h e u n in t en t ion a l esca pe of liqu ids a n d
v a p o r s a n d t o m i n i m i ze t h e q u a n t i t y
esca pin g in t h e even t of a cciden t a l r e-
lea se.
(b) Wh e r e t h e v a p o r s p a c e o f e q u i p -
m e n t i s u s u a l l y w i t h i n t h e fl a m m a b l e
r a n ge, t h e pr oba bilit y of explosion
da m a ge t o t h e equ ipm en t ca n be lim -
it ed by in er t in g, by pr ovidin g a n explo-
sion su ppr ession sy st em , or by design -
in g t h e equ ipm en t t o con t a in t h e pea k
explosion pr essu r e wh ich m a y be m odi-
fi e d b y e x p l o s i o n r e l i e f. Wh e r e t h e s p e -
c i a l h a za r d s o f o p e r a t i o n , s o u r c e s o f i g -
n it ion , or exposu r es in dica t e a n eed,
con sider a t ion sh a ll be given t o pr o-
vidin g pr ot ect ion by on e or m or e of t h e
a bove m ea n s.
(5) T a n k v eh icle a n d t a n k ca r loa d in g
a n d u n loa d in g. T a n k v e h i c l e a n d t a n k
c a r l o a d i n g o r u n l o a d i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l
b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m a b o v e g r o u n d t a n k s ,
wa r eh ou ses, ot h er pla n t bu ildin gs, or
n ea r est lin e of a djoin in g pr oper t y
wh ich m a y be bu ilt u pon by a dist a n ce
o f 25 fe e t fo r Cl a s s I l i q u i d s a n d 15 fe e t
fo r Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s m e a s -
u r e d fr o m t h e n e a r e s t p o s i t i o n o f a n y
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.106
fi l l s t e m . B u i l d i n g s fo r p u m p s o r s h e l -
t e r s fo r p e r s o n n e l m a y b e a p a r t o f t h e
fa c i l i t y . Op e r a t i o n s o f t h e fa c i l i t y s h a l l
com ply wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e por t ion s
o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(6) F ire con t rol—(i ) P ort a ble ex t in -
gu ish ers. A p p r o v e d p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
g u i s h e r s o f a p p r o p r i a t e s i ze , t y p e , a n d
n u m ber sh a ll be pr ovided.
(i i ) O t h er con t rols. Wh e r e t h e s p e c i a l
h a za r d s o f o p e r a t i o n o r e x p o s u r e i n d i -
c a t e a n e e d , t h e fo l l o w i n g fi r e c o n t r o l
pr ovision sh a ll be pr ovided.
(a ) A r e l i a b l e w a t e r s u p p l y s h a l l b e
a va ila ble in pr essu r e a n d qu a n t it y a de-
q u a t e t o m e e t t h e p r o b a b l e fi r e d e -
m a n ds.
(b) H y d r a n t s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n a c -
cor da n ce wit h a ccept ed good pr a ct ice.
(c) H o s e c o n n e c t e d t o a s o u r c e o f
wa t er sh a ll be in st a lled so t h a t a ll ves-
sels, pu m ps, a n d ot h er equ ipm en t con -
t a i n i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q -
u ids ca n be r ea ch ed wit h a t lea st on e
h o s e s t r e a m . N o zzl e s t h a t a r e c a p a b l e
of disch a r gin g a wa t er spr a y sh a ll be
pr ovided.
(d ) P r o c e s s i n g p l a n t s s h a l l b e p r o -
t ect ed by a n a ppr oved a u t om a t ic spr in -
k ler sy st em or equ iva len t ext in -
gu ish in g sy st em . If specia l ext in -
gu ish in g sy st em s in clu din g bu t n ot
l i m i t e d t o t h o s e e m p l o y i n g fo a m , c a r -
bon dioxide, or dr y ch em ica l a r e pr o-
vided, a ppr oved equ ipm en t sh a ll be
u sed a n d in st a lled in a n a ppr oved m a n -
n er .
(i i i ) A la rm sy st em s. A n a p p r o v e d
m e a n s fo r p r o m p t n o t i fi c a t i o n o f fi r e
t o t h ose wit h in t h e pla n t a n d a n y pu b-
l i c fi r e d e p a r t m e n t a v a i l a b l e s h a l l b e
pr ovided. It m a y be a dvisa ble t o con -
n ect t h e pla n t sy st em wit h t h e pu blic
s y s t e m w h e r e p u b l i c fi r e a l a r m s y s t e m
is a va ila ble.
(i v ) M a in t en a n ce. A l l p l a n t fi r e p r o -
t e c t i o n fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y
m a in t a in ed a n d per iodica lly in spect ed
a n d t est ed t o m a k e su r e t h ey a r e a l-
w a y s i n s a t i s fa c t o r y o p e r a t i n g c o n d i -
t ion a n d t h a t t h ey will ser ve t h eir pu r -
pose in t im e of em er gen cy .
(7) S ou rces of ign it ion —(i ) Gen era l. (a )
P r eca u t ion s sh a ll be t a k en t o pr even t
t h e i g n i t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e v a p o r s .
S ou r ces of ign it ion in clu de bu t a r e n ot
l i m i t e d t o o p e n fl a m e s ; l i g h t n i n g ;
sm ok in g; cu t t in g a n d weldin g; h ot su r -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
fa c e s ; fr i c t i o n a l h e a t ; s t a t i c , e l e c t r i c a l ,
268
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00278 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a n d m ech a n ica l spa r k s; spon t a n eou s ig-
n i t i o n , i n c l u d i n g h e a t -p r o d u c i n g c h e m -
ica l r ea ct ion s; a n d r a dia n t h ea t .
(b) Cl a s s I l i q u i d s s h a l l n o t b e d i s -
p e n s e d i n t o c o n t a i n e r s u n l e s s t h e n o z-
zl e a n d c o n t a i n e r a r e e l e c t r i c a l l y i n t e r -
con n ect ed. Wh e r e t he m et a llic
fl o o r p l a t e o n w h i c h t h e c o n t a i n e r
s t a n d s w h i l e fi l l i n g i s e l e c t r i c a l l y c o n -
n e c t e d t o t h e fi l l s t e m o r w h e r e t h e fi l l
st em is bon ded t o t h e con t a in er du r in g
fi l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s b y m e a n s o f a b o n d
wir e, t h e pr ovision s of t h is sect ion
sh a ll be deem ed t o h a ve been com plied
wit h .
(i i ) M a in t en a n ce a n d rep a ir. (a ) Wh e n
n ecessa r y t o do m a in t en a n ce wor k in a
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d p r o c -
essin g a r ea , t h e wor k sh a ll be a u t h or -
i ze d b y a r e s p o n s i b l e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f
t h e em ploy er .
(b) H o t w o r k , s u c h a s w e l d i n g o r c u t -
t i n g o p e r a t i o n s , u s e o f s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g
power t ools, a n d ch ippin g oper a t ion s
sh a ll be per m it t ed on ly u n der su per -
vision of a n in dividu a l in r espon sible
ch a r ge wh o sh a ll m a k e a n in spect ion of
t h e a r e a t o b e s u r e t h a t i t i s s a fe fo r
t h e w o r k t o b e d o n e a n d t h a t s a fe p r o -
c e d u r e s w i l l b e fo l l o w e d fo r t h e w o r k
s p e c i fi e d .
(i i i ) E lect rica l. (a ) A l l e l e c t r i c w i r i n g
a n d equ ipm en t sh a ll be in st a lled in a c-
cor da n ce wit h su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(b) L oca t ion s wh er e fl a m m a b l e
v a p o r -a i r m i x t u r e s m a y e x i s t u n d e r
n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d
Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n 1 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
F or t h ose pieces of equ ipm en t in st a lled
in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph
(h )(3)(i i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e D i v i -
s i o n 1 a r e a s h a l l e x t e n d 5 fe e t i n a l l d i -
r e c t i o n s fr o m a l l p o i n t s o f v a p o r l i b e r a -
t ion . All a r ea s wit h in pit s sh a ll be cla s-
s i fi e d D i v i s i o n 1 i f a n y p a r t o f t h e p i t i s
w i t h i n a D i v i s i o n 1 o r 2 c l a s s i fi e d a r e a ,
u n less t h e pit is pr ovided wit h m ech a n -
ica l ven t ila t ion .
(c) L o c a t i o n s w h e r e fl a m m a b l e v a p o r -
a ir m ixt u r es m a y exist u n der a bn or m a l
c o n d i t i o n s a n d fo r a d i s t a n c e b e y o n d
D i v i s i o n 1 l o c a t i o n s s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d
Division 2 a ccor din g t o t h e r equ ir e-
m en t s of su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t . T h ese
l o c a t i o n s i n c l u d e a n a r e a w i t h i n 20 fe e t
h o r i zo n t a l l y , 3 fe e t v e r t i c a l l y b e y o n d a
D i v i s i o n 1 a r e a , a n d u p t o 3 fe e t a b o v e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fl o o r o r g r a d e l e v e l w i t h i n 25 fe e t , i f i n -
d o o r s , o r 10 fe e t i f o u t d o o r s , fr o m a n y
p u m p , b l e e d e r , w i t h d r a w a l fi t t i n g ,
m e t e r , o r s i m i l a r d e v i c e h a n d l i n g Cl a s s
I liqu ids. P it s pr ovided wit h a dequ a t e
m ech a n ica l ven t ila t ion wit h in a Divi-
s i o n 1 o r 2 a r e a s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d D i v i -
s i o n 2. I f Cl a s s I I o r Cl a s s I I I l i q u i d s
on ly a r e h a n dled, t h en or din a r y elec-
t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t i s s a t i s fa c t o r y t h o u g h
ca r e sh a ll be u sed in loca t in g elect r ica l
a p p a r a t u s t o p r e v e n t h o t m e t a l fr o m
fa l l i n g i n t o o p e n e q u i p m e n t .
(d ) Wh e r e t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a -
g r a p h s (h )(7)(i i i ) (a ), (b), a n d (c) o f t h i s
sect ion r equ ir e t h e in st a lla t ion of ex-
p l o s i o n -p r o o f e q u i p m e n t , o r d i n a r y e l e c -
t r ica l equ ipm en t in clu din g swit ch gea r
m a y be u sed if in st a lled in a r oom or
en closu r e wh ich is m a in t a in ed u n der
posit ive pr essu r e wit h r espect t o t h e
h a za r d o u s a r e a . V e n t i l a t i o n m a k e u p
a i r s h a l l b e u n c o n t a m i n a t e d b y fl a m -
m a ble va por s.
(8) H ou sek eep in g—(i ) Gen era l. M a i n t e -
n a n ce a n d oper a t in g pr a ct ices sh a ll be
in a ccor da n ce wit h est a blish ed pr oce-
du r es wh ich will t en d t o con t r ol lea k -
a ge a n d pr even t t h e a cciden t a l esca pe
o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s .
S pills sh a ll be clea n ed u p pr om pt ly .
(i i ) A ccess. A d e q u a t e a i s l e s s h a l l b e
m a i n t a i n e d fo r u n o b s t r u c t e d m o v e -
m e n t o f p e r s o n n e l a n d s o t h a t fi r e p r o -
t ect ion equ ipm en t ca n be br ou gh t t o
bea r on a n y pa r t of t h e pr ocessin g
equ ipm en t .
(i i i ) W a st e a n d resid u es. Co m b u s t i b l e
wa st e m a t er ia l a n d r esidu es in a bu ild-
in g or oper a t in g a r ea sh a ll be k ept t o a
m in im u m , st or ed in closed m et a l wa st e
ca n s, a n d disposed of da ily .
(i v ) Clea r z on e. G r o u n d a r e a a r o u n d
bu ildin gs a n d oper a t in g a r ea s sh a ll be
k e p t fr e e o f t a l l g r a s s , w e e d s , t r a s h , o r
ot h er com bu st ible m a t er ia ls.
(i ) R ef in eries, ch em ica l p la n t s, a n d d is-
t illeries—(1) S t ora ge t a n k s. F l a m m a b l e
or com bu st ible liqu ids sh a ll be st or ed
in t a n k s, in con t a in er s, or in por t a ble
t a n k s. T a n k s sh a ll be in st a lled in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n . T a n k s fo r t h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids in t a n k
fa r m s a n d i n l o c a t i o n s o t h e r t h a n p r o c -
ess a r ea s sh a ll be loca t ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b )(2) (i ) a n d (i i ) o f t h i s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sect ion .
269
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00279 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.106
(2) W h a rv es. Wh a r v e s h a n d l i n g fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids sh a ll be
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (f)(4) o f
t h is sect ion .
(3) F ired a n d u n f ired p ressu re v essels—
(i ) F ired v essels. F i r e d p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e Co d e fo r F i r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s ,
S ect ion I of t h e AS ME Boiler a n d P r es-
s u r e V e s s e l Co d e —1968.
(i i ) U n fi r e d v e s s e l s s h a l l b e c o n -
s t r u c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e Co d e
fo r U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s , S e c t i o n
VIII of t h e AS ME Boiler a n d P r essu r e
V e s s e l Co d e —1968.
(4) L oca t ion of p rocess u n it s. P r o c e s s
u n it s sh a ll be loca t ed so t h a t t h ey a r e
a c c e s s i b l e fr o m a t l e a s t o n e s i d e fo r t h e
p u r p o s e o f fi r e c o n t r o l .
(5) F ire con t rol—(i ) P ort a ble equ ip m en t .
P o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h m e n t a n d c o n -
t r ol equ ipm en t sh a ll be pr ovided in
su ch qu a n t it ies a n d t y pes a s a r e n eeded
fo r t h e s p e c i a l h a za r d s o f o p e r a t i o n a n d
st or a ge.
(i i ) W a t er su p p ly . Wa t e r s h a l l b e
a va ila ble in volu m e a n d a t a dequ a t e
pr essu r e t o su pply wa t er h ose st r ea m s,
fo a m p r o d u c i n g e q u i p m e n t , a u t o m a t i c
spr in k ler s, or wa t er spr a y sy st em s a s
t h e n eed is in dica t ed by t h e specia l
h a za r d s o f o p e r a t i o n a n d s t o r a g e .
(i i i ) S p ecia l equ ip m en t . S p e c i a l e x t i n -
gu ish in g equ ipm en t su ch a s t h a t u t i-
l i zi n g fo a m , i n e r t g a s , o r d r y c h e m i c a l
sh a ll be pr ovided a s t h e n eed is in di-
c a t e d b y t h e s p e c i a l h a za r d s o f o p e r -
a t ion a n d st or a ge.
(j ) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o t h e
h a n d l i n g , s t o r a g e , a n d u s e o f fl a m -
m a ble a n d com bu st ible liqu ids wit h a
fl a s h p o i n t b e l o w 200 °F . T h i s s e c t i o n
does n ot a pply t o:
(1) B u l k t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e
a n d com bu st ible liqu ids;
(2) S t o r a g e , h a n d l i n g , a n d u s e o f fu e l
oil t a n k s a n d con t a in er s con n ect ed
wit h oil bu r n in g equ ipm en t ;
(3) S t o r a g e o f fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s -
t i b l e l i q u i d s o n fa r m s ;
(4) L i q u i d s w i t h o u t fl a s h p o i n t s t h a t
m a y b e fl a m m a b l e u n d e r s o m e c o n d i -
t ion s, su ch a s cer t a in h a logen a t ed h y -
dr oca r bon s a n d m ixt u r es con t a in in g
h a logen a t ed h y dr oca r bon s;
(5) M i s t s , s p r a y s , o r fo a m s , e x c e p t
fl a m m a b l e a e r o s o l s c o v e r e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ; o r
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.107
(6) I n s t a l l a t i o n s m a d e i n a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
s t a n d a r d s t h a t a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6:
(i ) N a t i o n a l F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a -
t i o n S t a n d a r d fo r D r y c l e a n i n g P l a n t s ,
N F P A N o . 32–1970;
(i i ) N a t i o n a l F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a -
t i o n S t a n d a r d fo r t h e M a n u fa c t u r e o f
Or g a n i c Co a t i n g s , N F P A N o . 35–1970;
(i i i ) N a t i o n a l F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A s s o -
c i a t i o n S t a n d a r d fo r S o l v e n t E x t r a c -
t i o n P l a n t s , N F P A N o . 36–1967; o r
(i v ) N a t i o n a l F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A s s o -
c i a t i o n S t a n d a r d fo r t h e I n s t a l l a t i o n
a n d U s e o f S t a t i o n a r y Co m b u s t i o n E n -
g i n e s a n d G a s T u r b i n e s , N F P A N o . 37–
1970.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 40
F R 3982, J a n . 27, 1975; 40 F R 23743, J u n e 2,
1975; 43 F R 49746, Oc t . 24, 1978; 43 F R 51759,
N o v . 7, 1978; 47 F R 39164, S e p t . 7, 1982; 51 F R
34560, S e p t . 29, 1986; 53 F R 12121, A p r . 12, 1988;
55 F R 32015, A u g . 6, 1990; 61 F R 9237, M a r . 7,
1996; 70 F R 53929, S e p t . 13, 2005]
§ 1910.107 Spray finishing using flam-
mable and combustible materials.
(a ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sec-
t ion —(1) A era t ed solid p ow d ers. A e r a t e d
powder s sh a ll m ea n a n y powder ed m a -
t er ia l u sed a s a coa t in g m a t er ia l wh ich
s h a l l b e fl u i d i ze d w i t h i n a c o n t a i n e r b y
p a s s i n g a i r u n i fo r m l y fr o m b e l o w . I t i s
c o m m o n p r a c t i c e t o fl u i d i ze s u c h m a t e -
r i a l s t o fo r m a fl u i d i ze d p o w d e r b e d a n d
t h en dip t h e pa r t t o be coa t ed in t o t h e
bed in a m a n n er sim ila r t o t h a t u sed in
liqu id dippin g. S u ch beds a r e a lso u sed
a s s o u r c e s fo r p o w d e r s p r a y o p e r a t i o n s .
(2) S p ra y in g a rea . A n y a r e a i n w h i c h
d a n g e r o u s q u a n t i t i e s o f fl a m m a b l e v a -
por s or m ist s, or com bu st ible r esidu es,
du st s, or deposit s a r e pr esen t du e t o
t h e oper a t ion of spr a y in g pr ocesses.
(3) S p ra y boot h . A p o w e r -v e n t i l a t e d
st r u ct u r e pr ovided t o en close or a ccom -
m o d a t e a s p r a y i n g o p e r a t i o n t o c o n fi n e
a n d lim it t h e esca pe of spr a y , va por ,
a n d r e s i d u e , a n d t o s a fe l y c o n d u c t o r
dir ect t h em t o a n exh a u st sy st em .
(4) W a t erw a sh sp ra y boot h . A s p r a y
boot h equ ipped wit h a wa t er wa sh in g
s y s t e m d e s i g n e d t o m i n i m i ze d u s t s o r
r esidu es en t er in g exh a u st du ct s a n d t o
p e r m i t t h e r e c o v e r y o f o v e r s p r a y fi n -
ish in g m a t er ia l.
(5) D ry sp ra y boot h . A s p r a y b o o t h n o t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
equ ipped wit h a wa t er wa sh in g sy st em
270
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a s d e s c r i b e d i n s u b p a r a g r a p h (4) o f t h i s
pa r a gr a ph . A dr y spr a y boot h m a y be
e q u i p p e d w i t h (i ) d i s t r i b u t i o n o r b a ffl e
p l a t e s t o p r o m o t e a n e v e n fl o w o f a i r
t h r ou gh t h e boot h or ca u se t h e deposit
o f o v e r s p r a y b e fo r e i t e n t e r s t h e e x -
h a u s t d u c t ; o r (i i ) o v e r s p r a y d r y fi l t e r s
t o m i n i m i ze d u s t s ; o r (i i i ) o v e r s p r a y
d r y fi l t e r s t o m i n i m i ze d u s t s o r r e s i -
d u e s e n t e r i n g e x h a u s t d u c t s ; o r (i v )
o v e r s p r a y d r y fi l t e r r o l l s d e s i g n e d t o
m i n i m i ze d u s t s o r r e s i d u e s e n t e r i n g e x -
h a u s t d u c t s ; o r (v ) w h e r e d r y p o w d e r s
a r e bein g spr a y ed, wit h powder collec-
t ion sy st em s so a r r a n ged in t h e ex-
h a u st t o ca pt u r e over spr a y ed m a t er ia l.
(6) F lu id iz ed bed . A c o n t a i n e r h o l d i n g
powder coa t in g m a t er ia l wh ich is a er -
a t e d fr o m b e l o w s o a s t o fo r m a n a i r -
su ppor t ed expa n ded clou d of su ch m a -
t er ia l t h r ou gh wh ich t h e pr eh ea t ed ob-
ject t o be coa t ed is im m er sed a n d
t r a n spor t ed.
(7) E lect rost a t ic f lu id iz ed bed . A c o n -
t a in er h oldin g powder coa t in g m a t er ia l
w h i c h i s a e r a t e d fr o m b e l o w s o a s t o
fo r m a n a i r -s u p p o r t e d e x p a n d e d c l o u d
of su ch m a t er ia l wh ich is elect r ica lly
ch a r ged wit h a ch a r ge opposit e t o t h e
ch a r ge of t h e object t o be coa t ed; su ch
object is t r a n spor t ed, t h r ou gh t h e con -
t a in er im m edia t ely a bove t h e ch a r ged
a n d a er a t ed m a t er ia ls in or der t o be
coa t ed.
(8) A p p rov ed . S h a l l m e a n a p p r o v e d
a n d l i s t e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r
d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t est in g la bor a t or y .
(9) L ist ed . S ee ‘‘a p p r o v e d ’’ in
§ 1910.107(a )(8).
(b ) S p ra y boot h s—(1) Con st ru ct ion .
S pr a y boot h s sh a ll be su bst a n t ia lly
con st r u ct ed of st eel, secu r ely a n d r ig-
idly su ppor t ed, or of con cr et e or m a -
son r y except t h a t a lu m in u m or ot h er
su bst a n t ia l n on com bu st ible m a t er ia l
m a y b e u s e d fo r i n t e r m i t t e n t o r l o w
volu m e spr a y in g. S pr a y boot h s sh a ll be
design ed t o sweep a ir cu r r en t s t owa r d
t h e exh a u st ou t let .
(2) I n t eriors. T h e i n t e r i o r s u r fa c e s o f
spr a y boot h s sh a ll be sm oot h a n d con -
t in u ou s wit h ou t edges a n d ot h er wise
design ed t o pr even t pock et in g of r esi-
d u e s a n d fa c i l i t a t e c l e a n i n g a n d w a s h -
in g wit h ou t in ju r y .
(3) F loors. T h e fl o o r s u r fa c e o f a s p r a y
b o o t h a n d o p e r a t o r ’s w o r k i n g a r e a , i f
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
com bu st ible, sh a ll be cover ed wit h n on -
com bu st ible m a t er ia l of su ch ch a r a ct er
a s t o fa c i l i t a t e t h e s a fe c l e a n i n g a n d
r em ova l of r esidu es.
(4) D ist ribu t ion or ba f f le p la t es. D i s -
t r i b u t i o n o r b a ffl e p l a t e s , i f i n s t a l l e d
t o p r o m o t e a n e v e n fl o w o f a i r t h r o u g h
t h e boot h or ca u se t h e deposit of
o v e r s p r a y b e fo r e i t e n t e r s t h e e x h a u s t
du ct , sh a ll be of n on com bu st ible m a t e-
r ia l a n d r ea dily r em ova ble or a cces-
s i b l e o n b o t h s i d e s fo r c l e a n i n g . S u c h
pla t es sh a ll n ot be loca t ed in exh a u st
du ct s.
(5) D ry t y p e ov ersp ra y collect ors— (ex -
h a u st a ir f ilt ers). I n c o n v e n t i o n a l d r y
t y p e s p r a y b o o t h s , o v e r s p r a y d r y fi l t e r s
o r fi l t e r r o l l s , i f i n s t a l l e d , s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) T h e s p r a y i n g o p e r a t i o n s e x c e p t
elect r ost a t ic spr a y in g oper a t ion s sh a ll
be so design ed, in st a lled a n d m a in -
t a in ed t h a t t h e a ver a ge a ir velocit y
o v e r t h e o p e n fa c e o f t h e b o o t h (o r
boot h cr oss sect ion du r in g spr a y in g op-
e r a t i o n s ) s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 100 l i n -
e a r fe e t p e r m i n u t e . E l e c t r o s t a t i c
spr a y in g oper a t ion s m a y be con du ct ed
w i t h a n a i r v e l o c i t y o v e r t h e o p e n fa c e
o f t h e b o o t h o f n o t l e s s t h a n 60 l i n e a r
fe e t p e r m i n u t e , o r m o r e , d e p e n d i n g o n
t h e v o l u m e o f t h e fi n i s h i n g m a t e r i a l
b e i n g a p p l i e d a n d i t s fl a m m a b i l i t y a n d
explosion ch a r a ct er ist ics. Visible
ga u ges or a u dible a la r m or pr essu r e a c-
t iva t ed devices sh a ll be in st a lled t o in -
dica t e or in su r e t h a t t h e r equ ir ed a ir
velocit y is m a in t a in ed. F ilt er r olls
sh a ll be in spect ed t o in su r e pr oper r e-
p l a c e m e n t o f fi l t e r m e d i a .
(i i ) A l l d i s c a r d e d fi l t e r p a d s a n d fi l t e r
r olls sh a ll be im m edia t ely r em oved t o
a s a fe , w e l l -d e t a c h e d l o c a t i o n o r p l a c e d
i n a w a t e r -fi l l e d m e t a l c o n t a i n e r a n d
d i s p o s e d o f a t t h e c l o s e o f t h e d a y ’s o p -
er a t ion u n less m a in t a in ed com plet ely
in wa t er .
(i i i ) T h e l o c a t i o n o f fi l t e r s i n a s p r a y
boot h sh a ll be so a s t o n ot r edu ce t h e
e ffe c t i v e b o o t h e n c l o s u r e o f t h e a r t i -
cles bein g spr a y ed.
(i v ) S p a c e w i t h i n t h e s p r a y b o o t h o n
t h e down st r ea m a n d u pst r ea m sides of
fi l t e r s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d w i t h a p p r o v e d
a u t om a t ic spr in k ler s.
(v ) F i l t e r s o r fi l t e r r o l l s s h a l l n o t b e
u sed wh en a pply in g a spr a y m a t er ia l
k n own t o be h igh ly su scept ible t o spon -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t a n eou s h ea t in g a n d ign it ion .
271
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00281 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.107
(v i ) Cl e a n fi l t e r s o r fi l t e r r o l l s s h a l l
be n on com bu st ible or of a t y pe h a vin g
a com bu st ibilit y n ot in excess of cla ss
2 fi l t e r s a s l i s t e d b y U n d e r w r i t e r s ’ L a b -
o r a t o r i e s , I n c . F i l t e r s a n d fi l t e r r o l l s
s h a l l n o t b e a l t e r n a t e l y u s e d fo r d i f-
fe r e n t t y p e s o f c o a t i n g m a t e r i a l s ,
wh er e t h e com bin a t ion of m a t er ia ls
m a y be con du cive t o spon t a n eou s ign i-
t i o n . S e e a l s o p a r a g r a p h (g )(6) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(6) F ron t a l a rea . E a c h s p r a y b o o t h
h a v i n g a fr o n t a l a r e a l a r g e r t h a n 9
s q u a r e fe e t s h a l l h a v e a m e t a l d e fl e c t o r
o r c u r t a i n n o t l e s s t h a n 21⁄2 i n c h e s d e e p
in st a lled a t t h e u pper ou t er edge of t h e
boot h over t h e open in g.
(7) Con v ey ors. Wh e r e c o n v e y o r s a r e
a r r a n ged t o ca r r y wor k in t o or ou t of
s p r a y b o o t h s , t h e o p e n i n g s t h e r e fo r
sh a ll be a s sm a ll a s pr a ct ica l.
(8) S ep a ra t ion of op era t ion s. E a c h
s p r a y b o o t h s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m
ot h er oper a t ion s by n ot less t h a n 3
fe e t , o r b y a g r e a t e r d i s t a n c e , o r b y
su ch pa r t it ion or wa ll a s t o r edu ce t h e
d a n g e r fr o m j u x t a p o s i t i o n o f h a za r d o u s
o p e r a t i o n s . S e e a l s o p a r a g r a p h (c )(1) o f
t h is sect ion .
(9) Clea n in g. S p r a y b o o t h s s h a l l b e s o
in st a lled t h a t a ll por t ion s a r e r ea dily
a c c e s s i b l e fo r c l e a n i n g . A c l e a r s p a c e o f
n o t l e s s t h a n 3 fe e t o n a l l s i d e s s h a l l b e
k e p t fr e e fr o m s t o r a g e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
con st r u ct ion .
(10) I llu m in a t ion . Wh e n s p r a y i n g a r e a s
a r e illu m in a t ed t h r ou gh gla ss pa n els or
o t h e r t r a n s p a r e n t m a t e r i a l s , o n l y fi x e d
ligh t in g u n it s sh a ll be u sed a s a sou r ce
o f i l l u m i n a t i o n . P a n e l s s h a l l e ffe c -
t i v e l y i s o l a t e t h e s p r a y i n g a r e a fr o m
t h e a r ea in wh ich t h e ligh t in g u n it is
loca t ed, a n d sh a ll be of a n on com bu s-
t ible m a t er ia l of su ch a n a t u r e or so
pr ot ect ed t h a t br ea k a ge will be u n -
lik ely . P a n els sh a ll be so a r r a n ged t h a t
n or m a l a ccu m u la t ion s of r esidu e on
t h e e x p o s e d s u r fa c e o f t h e p a n e l w i l l
n ot be r a ised t o a da n ger ou s t em per a -
t u r e b y r a d i a t i o n o r c o n d u c t i o n fr o m
t h e sou r ce of illu m in a t ion .
(c ) E lect rica l a n d ot h er sou rces of ign i-
t ion —(1) Con f orm a n ce. A l l e l e c t r i c a l
e q u i p m e n t , o p e n fl a m e s a n d o t h e r
s o u r c e s o f i g n i t i o n s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e
r equ ir em en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph , except
a s fo l l o w s :
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.107
(i ) E l e c t r o s t a t i c a p p a r a t u s s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s
(h ) a n d (i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i i ) D r y i n g , c u r i n g , a n d fu s i o n a p p a -
r a t u s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (j ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i i i ) A u t o m o b i l e u n d e r c o a t i n g s p r a y
o p e r a t i o n s i n g a r a g e s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (k ) o f
t h is sect ion ;
(i v ) P o w d e r c o a t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l
c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a -
g r a p h (c )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) M in im u m sep a ra t ion . T h e r e s h a l l b e
n o o p e n fl a m e o r s p a r k p r o d u c i n g
equ ipm en t in a n y spr a y in g a r ea n or
w i t h i n 20 fe e t t h e r e o f, u n l e s s s e p a r a t e d
by a pa r t it ion .
(3) H ot su rf a ces. S p a c e -h e a t i n g a p p l i -
a n c e s , s t e a m p i p e s , o r h o t s u r fa c e s s h a l l
n ot be loca t ed in a spr a y in g a r ea wh er e
deposit s of com bu st ible r esidu es m a y
r ea dily a ccu m u la t e.
(4) W irin g con f orm a n ce. E l e c t r i c a l w i r -
i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e
pr ovision s of t h is pa r a gr a ph a n d sh a ll
ot h er wise be in a ccor da n ce wit h su b-
pa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(5) Com bu st ible resid u es, a rea s. U n l e s s
s p e c i fi c a l l y a p p r o v e d fo r l o c a t i o n s c o n -
t a in in g bot h deposit s of r ea dily ign it -
a ble r esidu e a n d explosive va por s, t h er e
sh a ll be n o elect r ica l equ ipm en t in a n y
spr a y in g a r ea , wh er eon deposit s of
com bu st ible r esidu es m a y r ea dily a ccu -
m u la t e, except wir in g in r igid con du it
o r i n b o x e s o r fi t t i n g s c o n t a i n i n g n o
t a ps, splices, or t er m in a l con n ect ion s.
(6) W irin g t y p e a p p rov ed . E l e c t r i c a l
wir in g a n d equ ipm en t n ot su bject t o
deposit s of com bu st ible r esidu es bu t lo-
ca t ed in a spr a y in g a r ea a s h er ein de-
fi n e d s h a l l b e o f e x p l o s i o n -p r o o f t y p e
a p p r o v e d fo r Cl a s s I , g r o u p D l o c a t i o n s
a n d s h a l l o t h e r w i s e c o n fo r m t o t h e p r o -
v i s i o n s o f s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t , fo r
Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n 1, H a za r d o u s L o c a -
t ion s. E lect r ica l wir in g, m ot or s, a n d
ot h er equ ipm en t ou t side of bu t wit h in
t w e n t y (20) fe e t o f a n y s p r a y i n g a r e a ,
a n d n o t s e p a r a t e d t h e r e fr o m b y p a r t i -
t ion s, sh a ll n ot pr odu ce spa r k s u n der
n or m a l oper a t in g con dit ion s a n d sh a ll
o t h e r w i s e c o n fo r m t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f
s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t fo r Cl a s s I , D i v i -
s i o n 2 H a za r d o u s L o c a t i o n s .
(7) L a m p s. E l e c t r i c l a m p s o u t s i d e o f,
b u t w i t h i n t w e n t y (20) fe e t o f a n y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
spr a y in g a r ea , a n d n ot sepa r a t ed t h er e-
272
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
fr o m b y a p a r t i t i o n , s h a l l b e t o t a l l y e n -
c l o s e d t o p r e v e n t t h e fa l l i n g o f h o t p a r -
t i c l e s a n d s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m m e -
ch a n ica l in ju r y by su it a ble gu a r ds or
by loca t ion .
(8) P ort a ble la m p s. P o r t a b l e e l e c t r i c
la m ps sh a ll n ot be u sed in a n y spr a y in g
a r ea du r in g spr a y in g oper a t ion s. P or t -
a ble elect r ic la m ps, if u sed du r in g
clea n in g or r epa ir in g oper a t ion s, sh a ll
b e o f t h e t y p e a p p r o v e d fo r h a za r d o u s
Cl a s s I l o c a t i o n s .
(9) Grou n d in g. (i ) A l l m e t a l p a r t s o f
spr a y boot h s, exh a u st du ct s, a n d pipin g
s y s t e m s c o n v e y i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu ids or a er a t ed solids sh a ll
be pr oper ly elect r ica lly gr ou n ded in a n
e ffe c t i v e a n d p e r m a n e n t m a n n e r .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(d ) V en t ila t ion —(1) Con f orm a n ce. V e n -
t ila t in g a n d exh a u st sy st em s sh a ll be
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e S t a n d a r d fo r
B l o w e r a n d E x h a u s t S y s t e m s fo r V a p o r
R e m o v a l , N F P A N o . 91–1961, w h i c h i s
i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d
i n § 1910.6, w h e r e a p p l i c a b l e a n d s h a l l
a l s o c o n fo r m t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s
sect ion .
(2) Gen era l. A l l s p r a y i n g a r e a s s h a l l
be pr ovided wit h m ech a n ica l ven t ila -
t i o n a d e q u a t e t o r e m o v e fl a m m a b l e v a -
p o r s , m i s t s , o r p o w d e r s t o a s a fe l o c a -
t i o n a n d t o c o n fi n e a n d c o n t r o l c o m -
b u s t i b l e r e s i d u e s s o t h a t l i fe i s n o t e n -
da n ger ed. Mech a n ica l ven t ila t ion sh a ll
be k ept in oper a t ion a t a ll t im es wh ile
spr a y in g oper a t ion s a r e bein g con -
d u c t e d a n d fo r a s u ffi c i e n t t i m e t h e r e -
a ft e r t o a l l o w v a p o r s fr o m d r y i n g c o a t -
e d a r t i c l e s a n d d r y i n g fi n i s h i n g m a t e -
r ia l r esidu e t o be exh a u st ed.
(3) I n d ep en d en t ex h a u st . E a c h s p r a y
boot h sh a ll h a ve a n in depen den t ex-
h a u st du ct sy st em disch a r gin g t o t h e
ext er ior of t h e bu ildin g, except t h a t
m u lt iple ca bin et spr a y boot h s in wh ich
i d e n t i c a l s p r a y fi n i s h i n g m a t e r i a l i s
u s e d w i t h a c o m b i n e d fr o n t a l a r e a o f
n o t m o r e t h a n 18 s q u a r e fe e t m a y h a v e
a com m on exh a u st . If m or e t h a n on e
fa n s e r v e s o n e b o o t h , a l l fa n s s h a l l b e
s o i n t e r c o n n e c t e d t h a t o n e fa n c a n n o t
o p e r a t e w i t h o u t a l l fa n s b e i n g o p e r -
a t ed.
(4) F a n -rot a t in g elem en t . T h e fa n -r o -
t a t i n g e l e m e n t s h a l l b e n o n fe r r o u s o r
n on spa r k in g or t h e ca sin g sh a ll con sist
of or be lin ed wit h su ch m a t er ia l.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
T h er e sh a ll be a m ple clea r a n ce be-
t w e e n t h e fa n -r o t a t i n g e l e m e n t a n d t h e
fa n c a s i n g t o a v o i d a fi r e b y fr i c t i o n ,
n e c e s s a r y a l l o w a n c e b e i n g m a d e fo r o r -
din a r y expa n sion a n d loa din g t o pr e-
ven t con t a ct bet ween m ovin g pa r t s a n d
t h e d u c t o r fa n h o u s i n g . F a n b l a d e s
s h a l l b e m o u n t e d o n a s h a ft s u ffi -
c i e n t l y h e a v y t o m a i n t a i n p e r fe c t
a lign m en t even wh en t h e bla des of t h e
fa n a r e h e a v i l y l o a d e d , t h e s h a ft p r e f-
er a bly t o h a ve bea r in gs ou t side t h e
du ct a n d boot h . All bea r in gs sh a ll be of
t h e s e l f-l u b r i c a t i n g t y p e , o r l u b r i c a t e d
fr o m t h e o u t s i d e d u c t .
(5) E lect ric m ot ors. E l e c t r i c m o t o r s
d r i v i n g e x h a u s t fa n s s h a l l n o t b e p l a c e d
in side boot h s or du ct s. S ee a lso pa r a -
g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(6) B elt s. B e l t s s h a l l n o t e n t e r t h e
du ct or boot h u n less t h e belt a n d pu l-
ley wit h in t h e du ct or boot h a r e t h or -
ou gh ly en closed.
(7) E x h a u st d u ct s. E x h a u s t d u c t s s h a l l
be con st r u ct ed of st eel a n d sh a ll be
su bst a n t ia lly su ppor t ed. E xh a u st du ct s
w i t h o u t d a m p e r s a r e p r e fe r r e d ; h o w -
ever , if da m per s a r e in st a lled, t h ey
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed so t h a t t h ey will
b e i n a fu l l o p e n p o s i t i o n a t a l l t i m e s
t h e ven t ila t in g sy st em is in oper a t ion .
(i ) E x h a u s t d u c t s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d
a ga in st m ech a n ica l da m a ge a n d h a ve a
c l e a r a n c e fr o m u n p r o t e c t e d c o m b u s -
t ible con st r u ct ion or ot h er com bu st ible
m a t e r i a l o f n o t l e s s t h a n 18 i n c h e s .
(i i ) I f c o m b u s t i b l e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s
p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o t e c t i o n
a p p l i e d t o a l l s u r fa c e s w i t h i n 18 i n c h e s ,
clea r a n ces m a y be r edu ced t o t h e dis-
t a n ces in dica t ed:
(a) 28-gage sheet metal on 1⁄4-inch asbestos 12 inches.
mill board.
(b) 28-gage sheet metal on 1⁄8-inch asbestos 9 inches.
mill board spaced out 1 inch on non-
combustible spacers.
(c) 22-gage sheet metal on 1-inch rockwool 3 inches.
batts reinforced with wire mesh or the
equivalent.
(d) Where ducts are protected with an ap-
proved automatic sprinkler system, properly
maintained, the clearance required in sub-
division (i) of this subparagraph may be re-
duced to 6 inches.
(8) D isch a rge clea ra n ce. U n l e s s t h e
spr a y boot h exh a u st du ct t er m in a l is
fr o m a w a t e r -w a s h s p r a y b o o t h , t h e
t er m in a l disch a r ge poin t sh a ll be n ot
l e s s t h a n 6 fe e t fr o m a n y c o m b u s t i b l e
ext er ior wa ll or r oof n or disch a r ge in
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e dir ect ion of a n y com bu st ible con -
273
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00283 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.107
st r u ct ion or u n pr ot ect ed open in g in
a n y n on com bu st ible ext er ior wa ll wit h -
i n 25 fe e t .
(9) A ir ex h a u st . A i r e x h a u s t fr o m
spr a y oper a t ion s sh a ll n ot be dir ect ed
so t h a t it will con t a m in a t e m a k eu p a ir
bein g in t r odu ced in t o t h e spr a y in g a r ea
or ot h er ven t ila t in g in t a k es, n or di-
r ect ed so a s t o cr ea t e a n u isa n ce. Air
e x h a u s t e d fr o m s p r a y o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l
n ot be r ecir cu la t ed.
(10) A ccess d oors. Wh e n n e c e s s a r y t o
fa c i l i t a t e c l e a n i n g , e x h a u s t d u c t s s h a l l
be pr ovided wit h a n a m ple n u m ber of
a ccess door s.
(11) R oom in t a k es. A i r i n t a k e o p e n i n g s
t o r o o m s c o n t a i n i n g s p r a y fi n i s h i n g o p -
e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e fo r t h e e ffi -
c i e n t o p e r a t i o n o f e x h a u s t fa n s a n d
s h a l l b e s o l o c a t e d a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e
cr ea t ion of dea d a ir pock et s.
(12) D ry in g sp a ces. F r e s h l y s p r a y e d
a r t icles sh a ll be dr ied on ly in spa ces
pr ovided wit h a dequ a t e ven t ila t ion t o
p r e v e n t t h e fo r m a t i o n o f e x p l o s i v e v a -
por s. In t h e even t a dequ a t e a n d r elia ble
ven t ila t ion is n ot pr ovided su ch dr y in g
spa ces sh a ll be con sider ed a spr a y in g
a r e a . S e e a l s o p a r a g r a p h (j ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(e ) F la m m a ble a n d com bu st ible liqu id s—
st ora ge a n d h a n d lin g—(1) Con f orm a n ce.
T h e s t o r a g e o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s -
t ible liqu ids in con n ect ion wit h spr a y -
i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.106, w h e r e a p p l i c a -
ble.
(2) Q u a n t it y . T h e q u a n t i t y o f fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids k ept in
t h e vicin it y of spr a y in g oper a t ion s
s h a l l b e t h e m i n i m u m r e q u i r e d fo r o p -
er a t ion s a n d sh ou ld or din a r ily n ot ex-
c e e d a s u p p l y fo r 1 d a y o r o n e s h i ft .
Bu lk st or a ge of por t a ble con t a in er s of
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s s h a l l
be in a sepa r a t e, con st r u ct ed bu ildin g
d e t a c h e d fr o m o t h e r i m p o r t a n t b u i l d -
i n g s o r c u t o ff i n a s t a n d a r d m a n n e r .
(3) Con t a in ers. Or i g i n a l c l o s e d c o n -
t a in er s, a ppr oved por t a ble t a n k s, a p-
p r o v e d s a fe t y c a n s o r a p r o p e r l y a r -
r a n ged sy st em of pipin g sh a ll be u sed
fo r b r i n g i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
l i q u i d s i n t o s p r a y fi n i s h i n g r o o m . Op e n
or gla ss con t a in er s sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(4) T ra n sf errin g liqu id s. E x c e p t a s p r o -
v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
t h e w i t h d r a w a l o f fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m -
b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s fr o m c o n t a i n e r s h a v i n g
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.107
a c a p a c i t y o f g r e a t e r t h a n 60 g a l l o n s
sh a ll be by a ppr oved pu m ps. T h e wit h -
d r a w a l o f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
l i q u i d s fr o m c o n t a i n e r s a n d t h e fi l l i n g
of con t a in er s, in clu din g por t a ble m ix-
in g t a n k s, sh a ll be don e on ly in a su it -
a ble m ixin g r oom or in a spr a y in g a r ea
wh en t h e ven t ila t in g sy st em is in oper -
a t ion . Adequ a t e pr eca u t ion s sh a ll be
t a k en t o pr ot ect a ga in st liqu id spilla ge
a n d sou r ces of ign it ion .
(5) S p ra y in g con t a in ers. Co n t a i n e r s
s u p p l y i n g s p r a y n o zzl e s s h a l l b e o f
closed t y pe or pr ovided wit h m et a l cov-
e r s k e p t c l o s e d . Co n t a i n e r s n o t r e s t i n g
o n fl o o r s s h a l l b e o n m e t a l s u p p o r t s o r
s u s p e n d e d b y w i r e c a b l e s . Co n t a i n e r s
s u p p l y i n g s p r a y n o zzl e s b y g r a v i t y fl o w
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 10 g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y .
Or i g i n a l s h i p p i n g c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l n o t
b e s u b j e c t t o a i r p r e s s u r e fo r s u p p l y i n g
s p r a y n o zzl e s . Co n t a i n e r s u n d e r a i r
p r e s s u r e s u p p l y i n g s p r a y n o zzl e s s h a l l
be of lim it ed ca pa cit y , n ot exceedin g
t h a t n e c e s s a r y fo r 1 d a y ’s o p e r a t i o n ;
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d a p p r o v e d fo r s u c h
u se; sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a visible
pr essu r e ga ge; a n d sh a ll be pr ovided
wit h a r elief va lve set t o oper a t e in
c o n fo r m a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
t h e Co d e fo r U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s ,
S ect ion VIII of t h e AS ME Boiler a n d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e —1968, w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6. Co n t a i n e r s u n d e r a i r p r e s s u r e
s u p p l y i n g s p r a y n o zzl e s , a i r -s t o r a g e
t a n k s a n d c o o l e r s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e
s t a n d a r d s o f t h e Co d e fo r U n fi r e d P r e s -
su r e Vessels, S ect ion VIII of t h e AS ME
B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e —1968
fo r c o n s t r u c t i o n , t e s t s , a n d m a i n t e -
n a n ce.
(6) P ip es a n d h oses. (i ) A l l c o n t a i n e r s
or pipin g t o wh ich is a t t a ch ed a h ose or
fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h a s h u t o ff v a l v e a t t h e c o n n e c t i o n .
S u ch va lves sh a ll be k ept sh u t wh en
spr a y in g oper a t ion s a r e n ot bein g con -
du ct ed.
(i i ) Wh e n a p u m p i s u s e d t o d e l i v e r
pr odu ct s, a u t om a t ic m ea n s sh a ll be
pr ovided t o pr even t pr essu r e in excess
of t h e design wor k in g pr essu r e of a c-
cessor ies, pipin g, a n d h ose.
(i i i ) A l l p r e s s u r e h o s e a n d c o u p l i n g s
sh a ll be in spect ed a t r egu la r in t er va ls
a ppr opr ia t e t o t h is ser vice. T h e h ose
a n d cou plin gs sh a ll be t est ed wit h t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h o s e e x t e n d e d , a n d u s i n g t h e ‘‘i n s e r v i c e
274
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
m a x i m u m o p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e s .’’ A n y
h ose sh owin g m a t er ia l det er ior a t ion s,
sign s of lea k a ge, or wea k n ess in it s
ca r ca ss or a t t h e cou plin gs, sh a ll be
w i t h d r a w n fr o m s e r v i c e a n d r e p a i r e d o r
disca r ded.
(i v ) P i p i n g s y s t e m s c o n v e y i n g fl a m -
m a ble or com bu st ible liqu ids sh a ll be
of st eel or ot h er m a t er ia l h a vin g com -
pa r a ble pr oper t ies of r esist a n ce t o h ea t
a n d ph y sica l da m a ge. P ipin g sy st em s
sh a ll be pr oper ly bon ded a n d gr ou n ded.
(7) S p ra y liqu id h ea t ers. E l e c t r i c a l l y
power ed spr a y liqu id h ea t er s sh a ll be
a p p r o v e d a n d l i s t e d fo r t h e s p e c i fi c l o -
c a t i o n i n w h i c h u s e d (s e e p a r a g r a p h (c )
o f t h i s s e c t i o n ). H e a t e r s s h a l l n o t b e l o -
ca t ed in spr a y boot h s n or ot h er loca -
t ion s su bject t o t h e a ccu m u la t ion of
deposit s or com bu st ible r esidu e. If a n
elect r ic m ot or is u sed, see pa r a gr a ph
(c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(8) P u m p relief . I f fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu ids a r e su pplied t o spr a y
n o zzl e s by posit ive displa cem en t
pu m ps, t h e pu m p disch a r ge lin e sh a ll
be pr ovided wit h a n a ppr oved r elief
va lve disch a r gin g t o a pu m p su ct ion or
a s a fe d e t a c h e d l o c a t i o n , o r a d e v i c e
pr ovided t o st op t h e pr im e m over if t h e
d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e e x c e e d s t h e s a fe o p -
er a t in g pr essu r e of t h e sy st em .
(9) Grou n d in g. Wh e n e v e r fl a m m a b l e
o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s a r e t r a n s fe r r e d
fr o m o n e c o n t a i n e r t o a n o t h e r , b o t h
c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e e ffe c t i v e l y b o n d e d
a n d gr ou n ded t o pr even t disch a r ge
spa r k s of st a t ic elect r icit y .
(f) P rot ect ion —(1) Con f orm a n ce. I n
spr in k ler ed bu ildin gs, t h e a u t om a t ic
spr in k ler sy st em in r oom s con t a in in g
s p r a y fi n i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.159.
In u n spr in k ler ed bu ildin gs wh er e spr in -
k ler s a r e in st a lled on ly t o pr ot ect
spr a y in g a r ea s, t h e in st a lla t ion sh a ll
c o n fo r m t o s u c h s t a n d a r d s i n s o fa r a s
t h ey a r e a pplica ble. S pr in k ler h ea ds
sh a ll be loca t ed so a s t o pr ovide wa t er
dist r ibu t ion t h r ou gh ou t t h e en t ir e
boot h .
(2) V a lv e a ccess. A u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r s
p r o t e c t i n g e a c h s p r a y b o o t h (t o g e t h e r
wit h it s con n ect in g exh a u st ) sh a ll be
u n der a n a ccessibly loca t ed sepa r a t e
o u t s i d e s t e m a n d y o k e (OS &Y ) s u b c o n -
t r ol va lve.
(3) Clea n in g of h ea d s. S p r i n k l e r s p r o -
t ect in g spr a y in g a r ea s sh a ll be k ept a s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fr e e fr o m d e p o s i t s a s p r a c t i c a l b y
c l e a n i n g d a i l y i f n e c e s s a r y . (S e e a l s o
p a r a g r a p h (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .)
(4) P ort a ble ex t in gu ish ers. A n a d e q u a t e
s u p p l y o f s u i t a b l e p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er s sh a ll be in st a lled n ea r a ll
spr a y in g a r ea s.
(g ) O p era t ion s a n d m a in t en a n ce—(1)
S p ra y in g. S p r a y i n g s h a l l n o t b e c o n -
du ct ed ou t side of pr edet er m in ed spr a y -
in g a r ea s.
(2) Clea n in g. A l l s p r a y i n g a r e a s s h a l l
b e k e p t a s fr e e fr o m t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n
of deposit s of com bu st ible r esidu es a s
pr a ct ica l, wit h clea n in g con du ct ed
da ily if n ecessa r y . S cr a per s, spu ds, or
o t h e r s u c h t o o l s u s e d fo r c l e a n i n g p u r -
poses sh a ll be of n on spa r k in g m a t er ia l.
(3) R esid u e d isp osa l. R e s i d u e s c r a p i n g s
a n d debr is con t a m in a t ed wit h r esidu e
s h a l l b e i m m e d i a t e l y r e m o v e d fr o m t h e
p r e m i s e s a n d p r o p e r l y d i s p o s e d o f. A p -
pr oved m et a l wa st e ca n s sh a ll be pr o-
vided wh er ever r a gs or wa st e a r e im -
p r e g n a t e d w i t h fi n i s h i n g m a t e r i a l a n d
a ll su ch r a gs or wa st e deposit ed t h er ein
i m m e d i a t e l y a ft e r u s e . T h e c o n t e n t s o f
wa st e ca n s sh a ll be pr oper ly disposed of
a t lea st on ce da ily or a t t h e en d of ea ch
s h i ft .
(4) Clot h in g st ora ge. S p r a y fi n i s h i n g
e m p l o y e e s ’ c l o t h i n g s h a l l n o t b e l e ft o n
t h e pr em ises over n igh t u n less k ept in
m et a l lock er s.
(5) Clea n in g solv en t s. T h e u s e o f s o l -
v e n t s fo r c l e a n i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e
r e s t r i c t e d t o t h o s e h a v i n g fl a s h p o i n t s
n o t l e s s t h a n 100 °F .; h o w e v e r , fo r
c l e a n i n g s p r a y n o zzl e s a n d a u x i l i a r y
e q u i p m e n t , s o l v e n t s h a v i n g fl a s h p o i n t s
n ot less t h a n t h ose n or m a lly u sed in
spr a y oper a t ion s m a y be u sed. S u ch
clea n in g sh a ll be con du ct ed in side
spr a y boot h s a n d ven t ila t in g equ ip-
m en t oper a t ed du r in g clea n in g.
(6) H a z a rd ou s m a t eria ls com bin a t ion s.
S pr a y boot h s sh a ll n ot be a lt er n a t ely
u s e d fo r d i ffe r e n t t y p e s o f c o a t i n g m a -
t er ia ls, wh er e t h e com bin a t ion of t h e
m a t er ia ls m a y be con du cive t o spon t a -
n eou s ign it ion , u n less a ll deposit s of
t h e fi r s t u s e d m a t e r i a l a r e r e m o v e d
fr o m t h e b o o t h a n d e x h a u s t d u c t s p r i o r
t o spr a y in g wit h t h e secon d u sed m a t e-
r ia l.
(7) ‘‘N o S m ok in g’’ sign s. ‘‘N o s m o k i n g ’’
sign s in la r ge let t er s on con t r a st in g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
color ba ck gr ou n d sh a ll be con spicu -
275
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00285 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.107
ou sly post ed a t a ll spr a y in g a r ea s a n d
pa in t st or a ge r oom s.
(h ) F ix ed elect rost a t ic a p p a ra t u s—(1)
Con f orm a n ce. Wh e r e i n s t a l l a t i o n a n d
u se of elect r ost a t ic spr a y in g equ ip-
m en t is u sed, su ch in st a lla t ion a n d u se
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o a l l o t h e r p a r a g r a p h s
o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d s h a l l a l s o c o n fo r m
t o t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(2) T y p e a p p rov a l. E l e c t r o s t a t i c a p p a -
r a t u s a n d devices u sed in con n ect ion
wit h coa t in g oper a t ion s sh a ll be of a p-
pr oved t y pes.
(3) L oca t ion . T r a n s fo r m e r s , p o w e r
pa ck s, con t r ol a ppa r a t u s, a n d a ll ot h er
elect r ica l por t ion s of t h e equ ipm en t ,
w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f h i g h -v o l t a g e
gr ids, elect r odes, a n d elect r ost a t ic
a t o m i zi n g h e a d s a n d t h e i r c o n n e c t i o n s ,
sh a ll be loca t ed ou t side of t h e spr a y in g
a r e a , o r s h a l l o t h e r w i s e c o n fo r m t o t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(4) S u p p ort . E l e c t r o d e s a n d e l e c t r o -
s t a t i c a t o m i zi n g h e a d s s h a l l b e a d e -
qu a t ely su ppor t ed in per m a n en t loca -
t i o n s a n d s h a l l b e e ffe c t i v e l y i n s u l a t e d
fr o m t h e g r o u n d . E l e c t r o d e s a n d e l e c -
t r o s t a t i c a t o m i zi n g h e a d s w h i c h a r e
per m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o t h eir ba ses,
su ppor t s, or r ecipr oca t or s, sh a ll be
deem ed t o com ply wit h t h is sect ion .
In su la t or s sh a ll be n on por ou s a n d n on -
com bu st ible.
(5) I n su la t ors, grou n d in g. H i g h -v o l t a g e
lea ds t o elect r odes sh a ll be pr oper ly in -
s u l a t e d a n d p r o t e c t e d fr o m m e c h a n i c a l
in ju r y or exposu r e t o dest r u ct ive
ch em ica ls. E lect r ost a t ic a t o m i zi n g
h e a d s s h a l l b e e ffe c t i v e l y a n d p e r m a -
n en t ly su ppor t ed on su it a ble in su la t or s
and sh a ll be e ffe c t i v e l y gu a r ded
a ga in st a cciden t a l con t a ct or gr ou n d-
in g. An a u t om a t ic m ea n s sh a ll be pr o-
v i d e d fo r g r o u n d i n g t h e e l e c t r o d e s y s -
t e m w h e n i t i s e l e c t r i c a l l y d e e n e r g i ze d
fo r a n y r e a s o n . A l l i n s u l a t o r s s h a l l b e
k ept clea n a n d dr y .
(6) S a f e d ist a n ce. A s a fe d i s t a n c e s h a l l
be m a in t a in ed bet ween goods bein g
pa in t ed a n d elect r odes or elect r ost a t ic
a t o m i zi n g h e a d s o r c o n d u c t o r s o f a t
lea st t wice t h e spa r k in g dist a n ce. A
s u i t a b l e s i g n i n d i c a t i n g t h i s s a fe d i s -
t a n ce sh a ll be con spicu ou sly post ed
n ea r t h e a ssem bly .
(7) Con v ey ors requ ired . G o o d s b e i n g
pa in t ed u sin g t h is pr ocess a r e t o be
su ppor t ed on con vey or s. T h e con vey or s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.107
sh a ll be so a r r a n ged a s t o m a in t a in
s a fe d i s t a n c e s b e t w e e n t h e g o o d s a n d
t h e elect r odes or elect r ost a t ic a t om -
i zi n g h e a d s a t a l l t i m e s . A n y i r r e g u -
la r ly sh a ped or ot h er goods su bject t o
possible swin gin g or m ovem en t sh a ll be
r igidly su ppor t ed t o pr even t su ch
swin gin g or m ovem en t wh ich wou ld r e-
du ce t h e clea r a n ce t o less t h a n t h a t
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (h )(6) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(8) P roh ibit ion . T h i s p r o c e s s i s n o t a c -
cept a ble wh er e goods bein g coa t ed a r e
m a n i p u l a t e d b y h a n d . Wh e n fi n i s h i n g
m a t er ia ls a r e a pplied by elect r ost a t ic
equ ipm en t wh ich is m a n ipu la t ed by
h a n d , s e e p a r a g r a p h (i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
fo r a p p l i c a b l e r e q u i r e m e n t s .
(9) F a il-sa f e con t rols. E l e c t r o s t a t i c a p -
pa r a t u s sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a u t o-
m a t ic con t r ols wh ich will oper a t e wit h -
ou t t im e dela y t o discon n ect t h e power
s u p p l y t o t h e h i g h v o l t a g e t r a n s fo r m e r
a n d t o sign a l t h e oper a t or u n der a n y of
t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s :
(i ) S t o p p a g e o f v e n t i l a t i n g fa n s o r
fa i l u r e o f v e n t i l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t fr o m
a n y ca u se.
(i i ) S t o p p a g e o f t h e c o n v e y o r c a r -
r y in g goods t h r ou gh t h e h igh volt a ge
fi e l d .
(i i i ) Oc c u r r e n c e o f a g r o u n d o r o f a n
im m in en t gr ou n d a t a n y poin t on t h e
h igh volt a ge sy st em .
(i v ) R e d u c t i o n o f c l e a r a n c e b e l o w
t h a t s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (h )(6) o f
t h is sect ion .
(10) Gu a rd in g. A d e q u a t e b o o t h s , fe n c -
in g, r a ilin gs, or gu a r ds sh a ll be so
pla ced a bou t t h e equ ipm en t t h a t t h ey ,
eit h er by t h eir loca t ion or ch a r a ct er or
b o t h , a s s u r e t h a t a s a fe i s o l a t i o n o f t h e
p r o c e s s i s m a i n t a i n e d fr o m p l a n t s t o r -
a g e o r p e r s o n n e l . S u c h r a i l i n g s , fe n c -
in g, a n d gu a r ds sh a ll be of con du ct in g
m a t er ia l, a dequ a t ely gr ou n ded.
(11) V en t ila t ion . Wh e r e e l e c t r o s t a t i c
a t o m i za t i o n i s u s e d t h e s p r a y i n g a r e a
s h a l l b e s o v e n t i l a t e d a s t o i n s u r e s a fe
c o n d i t i o n s fr o m a fi r e a n d h e a l t h
st a n dpoin t .
(12) F ire p rot ect ion . A l l a r e a s u s e d fo r
spr a y in g, in clu din g t h e in t er ior of t h e
boot h , sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a u t om a t ic
spr in k ler s wh er e t h is pr ot ect ion is
a v a i l a b l e . Wh e r e t h i s p r o t e c t i o n i s n o t
a va ila ble, ot h er a ppr oved a u t om a t ic
ext in gu ish in g equ ipm en t sh a ll be pr o-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
vided.
276
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i ) E lect rost a t ic h a n d sp ra y in g equ ip -
m en t —(1) A p p lica t ion . T h i s p a r a g r a p h
sh a ll a pply t o a n y equ ipm en t u sin g
e l e c t r o s t a t i c a l l y c h a r g e d e l e m e n t s fo r
t h e a t o m i za t i o n a n d /o r , p r e c i p i t a t i o n
o f m a t e r i a l s fo r c o a t i n g s o n a r t i c l e s , o r
fo r o t h e r s i m i l a r p u r p o s e s i n w h i c h t h e
a t o m i zi n g d e v i c e i s h a n d h e l d a n d m a -
n ipu la t ed du r in g t h e spr a y in g oper -
a t ion .
(2) Con f orm a n ce. E l e c t r o s t a t i c h a n d
s p r a y i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l c o n fo r m w i t h
t h e ot h er pr ovision s of t h is sect ion .
(3) E qu ip m en t a p p rov a l a n d sp ecif ica -
t ion s. E l e c t r o s t a t i c h a n d s p r a y a p p a -
r a t u s a n d devices u sed in con n ect ion
wit h coa t in g oper a t ion s sh a ll be of a p-
pr oved t y pes. T h e h igh volt a ge cir cu it s
sh a ll be design ed so a s t o n ot pr odu ce
a s p a r k o f s u ffi c i e n t i n t e n s i t y t o i g n i t e
a n y v a p o r -a i r m i x t u r e s n o r r e s u l t i n
a p p r e c i a b l e s h o c k h a za r d u p o n c o m i n g
in con t a ct wit h a gr ou n ded object
u n der a ll n or m a l oper a t in g con dit ion s.
T h e elect r ost a t ica lly ch a r ged exposed
elem en t s of t h e h a n dgu n sh a ll be ca pa -
b l e o f b e i n g e n e r g i ze d o n l y b y a s w i t c h
wh ich a lso con t r ols t h e coa t in g m a t e-
r ia l su pply .
(4) E lect rica l su p p ort equ ip m en t . T r a n s -
fo r m e r s , p o w e r p a c k s , c o n t r o l a p p a -
r a t u s, a n d a ll ot h er elect r ica l por t ion s
of t h e equ ipm en t , wit h t h e except ion of
t h e h a n dgu n it self a n d it s con n ect ion s
t o t h e power su pply sh a ll be loca t ed
ou t side of t h e spr a y in g a r ea or sh a ll
o t h e r w i s e c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
o f p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(5) S p ra y gu n grou n d . T h e h a n d l e o f
t h e spr a y in g gu n sh a ll be elect r ica lly
con n ect ed t o gr ou n d by a m et a llic con -
n ect ion a n d t o be so con st r u ct ed t h a t
t h e oper a t or in n or m a l oper a t in g posi-
t ion is in in t im a t e elect r ica l con t a ct
wit h t h e gr ou n ded h a n dle.
(6) Grou n d in g— gen era l. All elec-
t r ica lly con du ct ive object s in t h e
spr a y in g a r ea sh a ll be a dequ a t ely
gr ou n ded. T h is r equ ir em en t sh a ll a pply
t o pa in t con t a in er s, wa sh ca n s, a n d a n y
ot h er object s or devices in t h e a r ea .
T h e equ ipm en t sh a ll ca r r y a pr om in en t
per m a n en t ly in st a lled wa r n in g r ega r d-
i n g t h e n e c e s s i t y fo r t h i s g r o u n d i n g
fe a t u r e .
(7) M a in t en a n ce of grou n d s. Ob j e c t s
bein g pa in t ed or coa t ed sh a ll be m a in -
t a in ed in m et a llic con t a ct wit h t h e
con vey or or ot h er gr ou n ded su ppor t .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
Hook s sh a ll be r egu la r ly clea n ed t o in -
su r e t h is con t a ct a n d a r ea s of con t a ct
s h a l l b e s h a r p p o i n t s o r k n i fe e d g e s
wh er e possible. P oin t s of su ppor t of t h e
o b j e c t s h a l l b e c o n c e a l e d fr o m r a n d o m
s p r a y w h e r e fe a s i b l e a n d w h e r e t h e o b -
j e c t s b e i n g s p r a y e d a r e s u p p o r t e d fr o m
a con vey or , t h e poin t of a t t a ch m en t t o
t h e con vey or sh a ll be so loca t ed a s t o
n ot collect spr a y m a t er ia l du r in g n or -
m a l oper a t ion .
(8) I n t erlock s. T h e e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m en t sh a ll be so in t er lock ed wit h t h e
ven t ila t ion of t h e spr a y in g a r ea t h a t
t h e equ ipm en t ca n n ot be oper a t ed u n -
l e s s t h e v e n t i l a t i o n fa n s a r e i n o p e r -
a t ion .
(9) V en t ila t ion . T h e s p r a y i n g o p e r -
a t ion sh a ll t a k e pla ce wit h in a spr a y
a r ea wh ich is a dequ a t ely ven t ila t ed t o
r e m o v e s o l v e n t v a p o r s r e l e a s e d fr o m
t h e oper a t ion .
(j ) D ry in g, cu rin g, or f u sion a p p a -
ra t u s—(1) Con f orm a n ce. D r y i n g , c u r i n g ,
o r fu s i o n a p p a r a t u s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
s p r a y a p p l i c a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e a n d
c o m b u s t i b l e fi n i s h e s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o
t h e S t a n d a r d fo r Ov e n s a n d F u r n a c e s ,
N F P A 86A –1969, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6,
wh er e a pplica ble a n d sh a ll a lso con -
fo r m w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s
of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(2) A lt ern a t e u se p roh ibit ed . S p r a y
boot h s, r oom s, or ot h er en closu r es u sed
fo r s p r a y i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l n o t a l t e r -
n a t e l y b e u s e d fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f d r y -
in g by a n y a r r a n gem en t wh ich will
ca u se a m a t er ia l in cr ea se in t h e su r -
fa c e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e s p r a y b o o t h ,
r oom , or en closu r e.
(3) A d ja cen t sy st em in t erlock ed . E x c e p t
a s s p e c i fi c a l l y p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(j )(4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , d r y i n g , c u r i n g , o r
fu s i o n u n i t s u t i l i zi n g a h e a t i n g s y s t e m
h a v i n g o p e n fl a m e s o r w h i c h m a y
pr odu ce spa r k s sh a ll n ot be in st a lled in
a spr a y in g a r ea , bu t m a y be in st a lled
a dja cen t t h er et o wh en equ ipped wit h
a n in t er lock ed ven t ila t in g sy st em a r -
r a n ged t o:
(i ) T h o r o u g h l y v e n t i l a t e t h e d r y i n g
s p a c e b e fo r e t h e h e a t i n g s y s t e m c a n b e
st a r t ed;
(i i ) M a i n t a i n a s a fe a t m o s p h e r e a t
a n y sou r ce of ign it ion ;
(i i i ) A u t o m a t i c a l l y s h u t d o w n t h e
h e a t i n g s y s t e m i n t h e e v e n t o f fa i l u r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
of t h e ven t ila t in g sy st em .
277
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§ 1910.107
(4) A lt ern a t e u se p erm it t ed . A u t o -
m o b i l e r e fi n i s h i n g s p r a y b o o t h s o r e n -
closu r es, ot h er wise in st a lled a n d m a in -
t a i n e d i n fu l l c o n fo r m i t y w i t h t h i s s e c -
t i o n , m a y a l t e r n a t e l y b e u s e d fo r d r y -
i n g w i t h p o r t a b l e e l e c t r i c a l i n fr a r e d
d r y i n g a p p a r a t u s w h e n c o n fo r m i n g
w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) I n t e r i o r (e s p e c i a l l y fl o o r s ) o f
s p r a y e n c l o s u r e s s h a l l b e k e p t fr e e o f
over spr a y deposit s.
(i i ) D u r i n g s p r a y o p e r a t i o n s , t h e d r y -
in g a ppa r a t u s a n d elect r ica l con n ec-
t ion s a n d wir in g t h er et o sh a ll n ot be
loca t ed wit h in spr a y en closu r e n or in
a n y ot h er loca t ion wh er e spr a y r esi-
du es m a y be deposit ed t h er eon .
(i i i ) T h e s p r a y i n g a p p a r a t u s , t h e d r y -
in g a ppa r a t u s, a n d t h e ven t ila t in g sy s-
t em of t h e spr a y en closu r e sh a ll be
equ ipped wit h su it a ble in t er lock s so a r -
r a n ged t h a t :
(a ) T h e s p r a y i n g a p p a r a t u s c a n n o t b e
oper a t ed wh ile t h e dr y in g a ppa r a t u s is
in side t h e spr a y en closu r e.
(b) T h e s p r a y e n c l o s u r e w i l l b e
p u r g e d o f s p r a y v a p o r s fo r a p e r i o d o f
n o t l e s s t h a n 3 m i n u t e s b e fo r e t h e d r y -
i n g a p p a r a t u s c a n b e e n e r g i ze d .
(c) T h e v e n t i l a t i n g s y s t e m w i l l m a i n -
t a i n a s a fe a t m o s p h e r e w i t h i n t h e e n -
closu r e du r in g t h e dr y in g pr ocess a n d
t h e dr y in g a ppa r a t u s will a u t om a t i-
c a l l y s h u t o ff i n t h e e v e n t o f fa i l u r e o f
t h e ven t ila t in g sy st em .
(i v ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d e q u i p -
m en t of t h e dr y in g a ppa r a t u s sh a ll con -
fo r m w i t h t h e a p p l i c a b l e s e c t i o n s o f
s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t . On l y e q u i p m e n t
o f a t y p e a p p r o v e d fo r Cl a s s I , D i v i s i o n
2 h a za r d o u s l o c a t i o n s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
w i t h i n 18 i n c h e s o f fl o o r l e v e l . A l l m e -
t a llic pa r t s of t h e dr y in g a ppa r a t u s
sh a ll be pr oper ly elect r ica lly bon ded
a n d gr ou n ded.
(v ) T h e d r y i n g a p p a r a t u s s h a l l c o n -
t a in a pr om in en t ly loca t ed, per m a -
n en t ly a t t a ch ed wa r n in g sign in di-
ca t in g t h a t ven t ila t ion sh ou ld be m a in -
t a in ed du r in g t h e dr y in g per iod a n d
t h a t spr a y in g sh ou ld n ot be con du ct ed
in t h e vicin it y t h a t spr a y will deposit
on a ppa r a t u s.
(k ) A u t om obile u n d ercoa t in g in ga ra ges.
Au t om obile u n der coa t in g spr a y oper -
a t ion s in ga r a ges, con du ct ed in a r ea s
h a vin g a dequ a t e n a t u r a l or m ech a n ica l
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.107
v e n t i l a t i o n , a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s p e r t a i n i n g t o s p r a y fi n -
ish in g oper a t ion s, wh en u sin g u n der -
c o a t i n g m a t e r i a l s n o t m o r e h a za r d o u s
t h a n k e r o s e n e (a s l i s t e d b y U n d e r -
w r i t e r s ’ L a b o r a t o r i e s i n r e s p e c t t o fi r e
h a za r d r a t i n g 30–40) o r u n d e r c o a t i n g
m a t er ia ls u sin g on ly solven t s list ed a s
h a v i n g a fl a s h p o i n t i n e x c e s s o f 100 °F .
Un der coa t in g spr a y oper a t ion s n ot con -
fo r m i n g t o t h e s e p r o v i s i o n s a r e s u b j e c t
t o a ll r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion per -
t a i n i n g t o s p r a y fi n i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n s .
(l ) P ow d er coa t in g—(1) E lect rica l a n d
ot h er sou rces of ign it ion . E l e c t r i c a l
equ ipm en t a n d ot h er sou r ces of ign i-
t i o n s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
o f p a r a g r a p h s (c )(1) (i )–(i v ), (8) a n d (9)(i )
of t h is sect ion a n d su bpa r t S of t h is
pa r t .
(2) V en t ila t ion . (i ) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , wh er e a pplica ble, exh a u st ven t ila -
t i o n s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t t o m a i n t a i n t h e
a t m osph er e below t h e lowest explosive
l i m i t s fo r t h e m a t e r i a l s b e i n g a p p l i e d .
A l l n o n d e p o s i t e d a i r -s u s p e n d e d p o w d e r s
s h a l l b e s a fe l y r e m o v e d v i a e x h a u s t
du ct s t o t h e powder r ecover y cy clon e
or r ecept a cle. E a ch in st a lla t ion sh a ll
be design ed a n d oper a t ed t o m eet t h e
fo r e g o i n g p e r fo r m a n c e s p e c i fi c a t i o n .
(i i ) P o w d e r s s h a l l n o t b e r e l e a s e d t o
t h e ou t side a t m osph er e.
(3) D ry in g, cu rin g, or f u sion equ ip m en t .
T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e S t a n d a r d fo r
o v e n s a n d fu r n a c e s , N F P A N o . 86A –1969
sh a ll a pply wh er e a pplica ble.
(4) O p era t ion a n d m a in t en a n ce. (i ) A l l
a r e a s s h a l l b e k e p t fr e e o f t h e a c c u m u -
la t ion of powder coa t in g du st s, pa r t icu -
l a r l y s u c h h o r i zo n t a l s u r fa c e s a s
ledges, bea m s, pipes, h oods, boot h s, a n d
fl o o r s .
(i i ) S u r fa c e s s h a l l b e c l e a n e d i n s u c h
m a n n er a s t o a void sca t t er in g du st t o
ot h er pla ces or cr ea t in g du st clou ds.
(i i i ) ‘‘N o S m o k i n g ’’ s i g n s i n l a r g e l e t -
t er s on con t r a st in g color ba ck gr ou n d
sh a ll be con spicu ou sly post ed a t a ll
powder coa t in g a r ea s a n d powder st or -
a ge r oom s.
(5) F ix ed elect rost a t ic sp ra y in g equ ip -
m en t . T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (h ) o f
t h is sect ion a n d ot h er su bpa r a gr a ph s of
t h i s p a r a g r a p h s h a l l a p p l y t o fi x e d
elect r ost a t ic equ ipm en t , except t h a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
elect r ica l equ ipm en t n ot cover ed t h er e-
278
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
i n s h a l l c o n fo r m t o p a r a g r a p h (l )(1) o f
t h is sect ion .
(6) E lect rost a t ic h a n d sp ra y in g equ ip -
m en t . T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (i ) o f
t h is sect ion a n d ot h er su bpa r a gr a ph s of
t h is pa r a gr a ph , sh a ll a pply t o elect r o-
st a t ic h a n dgu n s wh en u sed in powder
coa t in g, except t h a t elect r ica l equ ip-
m e n t n o t c o v e r e d t h e r e i n s h a l l c o n fo r m
t o p a r a g r a p h (l )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(7) E lect rost a t ic f lu id iz ed bed s. (i ) E l e c -
t r o s t a t i c fl u i d i ze d b e d s a n d a s s o c i a t e d
equ ipm en t sh a ll be of a ppr oved t y pes.
T h e m a x i m u m s u r fa c e t e m p e r a t u r e o f
t h is equ ipm en t in t h e coa t in g a r ea
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 150 °F . T h e h i g h v o l t -
a ge cir cu it s sh a ll be so design ed a s t o
n o t p r o d u c e a s p a r k o f s u ffi c i e n t i n t e n -
s i t y t o i g n i t e a n y p o w d e r -a i r m i x t u r e s
n o r r e s u l t i n a p p r e c i a b l e s h o c k h a za r d
u pon com in g in con t a ct wit h a gr ou n d-
ed object u n der n or m a l oper a t in g con -
dit ion s.
(i i ) T r a n s fo r m e r s , p o w e r p a c k s , c o n -
t r ol a ppa r a t u s, a n d a ll ot h er elect r ica l
por t ion s of t h e equ ipm en t , wit h t h e ex-
cept ion of t h e ch a r gin g elect r odes a n d
t h eir con n ect ion s t o t h e power su pply
sh a ll be loca t ed ou t side of t h e powder
coa t in g a r ea or sh a ll ot h er wise con -
fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h
(l )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i i ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l l y c o n d u c t i v e o b -
j e c t s w i t h i n t h e c h a r g i n g i n fl u e n c e o f
t h e elect r odes sh a ll be a dequ a t ely
gr ou n ded. T h e powder coa t in g equ ip-
m en t sh a ll ca r r y a pr om in en t , per m a -
n en t ly in st a lled wa r n in g r ega r din g t h e
n e c e s s i t y fo r g r o u n d i n g t h e s e o b j e c t s .
(i v ) Ob j e c t s b e i n g c o a t e d s h a l l b e
m a in t a in ed in con t a ct wit h t h e con -
vey or or ot h er su ppor t in or der t o in -
su r e pr oper gr ou n din g. Ha n ger s sh a ll
b e r e g u l a r l y c l e a n e d t o i n s u r e e ffe c t i v e
con t a ct a n d a r ea s of con t a ct sh a ll be
s h a r p p o i n t s o r k n i fe e d g e s w h e r e p o s -
sible.
(v ) T h e e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
so in t er lock ed wit h t h e ven t ila t ion sy s-
t em t h a t t h e equ ipm en t ca n n ot be op-
e r a t e d u n l e s s t h e v e n t i l a t i o n fa n s a r e
in oper a t ion .
(m ) O rga n ic p erox id es a n d d u a l com p o-
n en t coa t in gs—(1) Con f orm a n ce. A l l
spr a y in g oper a t ion s in volvin g t h e u se
of or ga n ic per oxides a n d ot h er du a l
com pon en t coa t in gs sh a ll be con du ct ed
in a ppr oved spr in k ler ed spr a y boot h s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sec-
t ion .
(2) S m ok in g. S m o k i n g s h a l l b e p r o h i b -
i t e d a n d ‘‘N o S m o k i n g ’’ s i g n s s h a l l b e
pr om in en t ly displa y ed a n d on ly n on -
spa r k in g t ools sh a ll be u sed in a n y a r ea
wh er e or ga n ic per oxides a r e st or ed,
m ixed or a pplied.
(n ) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o
fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s t i b l e fi n i s h i n g
m a t er ia ls wh en a pplied a s a spr a y by
c o m p r e s s e d a i r , ‘‘a i r l e s s ’’ o r ‘‘h y d r a u l i c
a t o m i za t i o n ,’’ st ea m , elect r ost a t ic
m et h ods, or by a n y ot h er m ea n s in con -
t in u ou s or in t er m it t en t pr ocesses. T h e
sect ion a lso cover s t h e a pplica t ion of
com bu st ible powder s by powder spr a y
gu n s, elect r ost a t ic powder spr a y gu n s,
fl u i d i ze d b e d s , o r e l e c t r o s t a t i c fl u i d i ze d
beds. T h e sect ion does n ot a pply t o
ou t door spr a y a pplica t ion of bu ildin gs,
t a n k s, or ot h er sim ila r st r u ct u r es, n or
t o sm a ll por t a ble spr a y in g a ppa r a t u s
n ot u sed r epea t edly in t h e sa m e loca -
t ion .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 45
F R 60704, S e p t . 12, 1980; 49 F R 5322, F e b . 10,
1984; 53 F R 12121, A p r . 12, 1988; 61 F R 9237,
M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.108 [Reserved]
§ 1910.109 Explosives and blasting
agents.
(a ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sec-
t ion —(1) B la st in g a gen t . Bla st in g
a g e n t —a n y m a t e r i a l o r m i x t u r e , c o n -
s i s t i n g o f a fu e l a n d o x i d i ze r , i n t e n d e d
fo r b l a s t i n g , n o t o t h e r w i s e c l a s s i fi e d a s
a n explosive a n d in wh ich n on e of t h e
i n g r e d i e n t s a r e c l a s s i fi e d a s a n e x p l o -
s i v e , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e fi n i s h e d p r o d -
u c t , a s m i x e d a n d p a c k a g e d fo r u s e o r
sh ipm en t , ca n n ot be det on a t ed by
m ea n s of a No. 8 t est bla st in g ca p wh en
u n c o n fi n e d .
(2) E x p losiv e-a ct u a t ed p ow er d ev ices.
E x p l o s i v e -a c t u a t e d p o w e r d e v i c e —a n y
t o o l o r s p e c i a l m e c h a n i ze d d e v i c e
wh ich is a ct u a t ed by explosives, bu t
n ot in clu din g p r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d
power devices. E xa m ples of explosive-
a ct u a t ed power devices a r e jet t a pper s
a n d j e t p e r fo r a t o r s .
(3) E x p losiv e. E x p l o s i v e —a n y c h e m -
ica l com pou n d, m ixt u r e, or device, t h e
pr im a r y or com m on pu r pose of wh ich is
t o fu n c t i o n b y e x p l o s i o n , i .e ., w i t h s u b -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
st a n t ia lly in st a n t a n eou s r elea se of ga s
279
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00289 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.109
a n d h ea t , u n less su ch com pou n d, m ix-
t u r e , o r d e v i c e i s o t h e r w i s e s p e c i fi c a l l y
c l a s s i fi e d b y t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ; s e e 49 CF R c h a p t e r I .
T h e t e r m ‘‘e x p l o s i v e s ’’ s h a l l i n c l u d e a l l
m a t e r i a l w h i c h i s c l a s s i fi e d a s Cl a s s A ,
Cl a s s B , a n d Cl a s s C e x p l o s i v e s b y t h e
U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ,
a n d in clu des, bu t is n ot lim it ed t o dy -
n a m it e, bla ck powder , pellet powder s,
in it ia t in g explosives, bla st in g ca ps,
e l e c t r i c b l a s t i n g c a p s , s a fe t y fu s e , fu s e
l i g h t e r s , fu s e i g n i t e r s , s q u i b s , c o r d e a u
d e t o n a n t fu s e , i n s t a n t a n e o u s fu s e , i g -
n it er cor d, ign it er s, sm a ll a r m s a m m u -
n it ion , sm a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion pr im -
er s, sm ok eless pr opella n t , ca r t r idges
fo r p r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d p o w e r d e v i c e s ,
a n d c a r t r i d g e s fo r i n d u s t r i a l g u n s .
Co m m e r c i a l e x p l o s i v e s a r e t h o s e e x p l o -
sives wh ich a r e in t en ded t o be u sed in
com m er cia l or in du st r ia l oper a t ion s.
N OT E 1: Cl a s s i fi c a t i o n o f e x p l o s i v e s i s d e -
s c r i b e d b y t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r -
t a t i o n a s fo l l o w s (s e e 49 CF R c h a p t e r I ):
(i ) Cla ss A ex p losiv es. P o s s e s s i n g , d e t -
o n a t i n g , o r o t h e r w i s e m a x i m u m h a z-
a r d; su ch a s dy n a m it e, n it r ogly cer in ,
p i c r i c a c i d , l e a d a zi d e , fu l m i n a t e o f
m er cu r y , bla ck powder , bla st in g ca ps,
a n d det on a t in g pr im er s.
(i i ) Cla ss B ex p losiv es. P o s s e s s i n g
fl a m m a b l e h a za r d , s u c h a s p r o p e l l a n t
e x p l o s i v e s (i n c l u d i n g s o m e s m o k e l e s s
p r o p e l l a n t s ), p h o t o g r a p h i c fl a s h p o w -
d e r s , a n d s o m e s p e c i a l fi r e w o r k s .
(i i i ) Cla ss C ex p losiv es. I n c l u d e s c e r -
t a i n t y p e s o f m a n u fa c t u r e d a r t i c l e s
w h i c h c o n t a i n Cl a s s A o r Cl a s s B e x p l o -
sives, or bot h , a s com pon en t s bu t in r e-
st r ict ed qu a n t it ies.
(i v ) F orbid d en or n ot a ccep t a ble ex p lo-
siv es. E x p l o s i v e s w h i c h a r e fo r b i d d e n o r
n o t a c c e p t a b l e fo r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n b y
c o m m o n c a r r i e r s b y r a i l fr e i g h t , r a i l
expr ess, h igh wa y , or wa t er in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h t h e r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e U .S .
D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , 49 CF R
ch a pt er I.
(4) H igh w a y . H i g h w a y —a n y p u b l i c
st r eet , pu blic a lley , or pu blic r oa d.
(5) [R e s e r v e d ]
(6) M a ga z in e. M a g a zi n e —a n y b u i l d i n g
or st r u ct u r e, ot h er t h a n a n explosives
m a n u fa c t u r i n g b u i l d i n g , u s e d fo r t h e
st or a ge of explosives.
(7) M ot or v eh icle. M o t o r v e h i c l e —a n y
s e l f-p r o p e l l e d v e h i c l e , t r u c k , t r a c t o r ,
s e m i t r a i l e r , o r t r u c k -fu l l t r a i l e r s u s e d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
fo r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f fr e i g h t o v e r
pu blic h igh wa y s.
(8) P rop ella n t -a ct u a t ed p ow er d ev ices.
P r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d p o w e r d e v i c e s —
a n y t o o l o r s p e c i a l m e c h a n i ze d d e v i c e
or ga s gen er a t or sy st em wh ich is a ct u -
a t ed by a sm ok eless pr opella n t or
wh ich r elea ses a n d dir ect s wor k
t h r ou gh a sm ok eless pr opella n t ch a r ge.
(9) [R e s e r v e d ]
(10) P y rot ech n ics. P y r o t e c h n i c s —a n y
com bu st ible or explosive com posit ion s
o r m a n u fa c t u r e d a r t i c l e s d e s i g n e d a n d
p r e p a r e d fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f p r o d u c i n g
a u d i b l e o r v i s i b l e e ffe c t s w h i c h a r e
c o m m o n l y r e fe r r e d t o a s fi r e w o r k s .
(11) [R e s e r v e d ]
(12) S em icon d u ct iv e h ose.
S e m i c o n d u c t i v e h o s e —a h o s e w i t h a n
elect r ica l r esist a n ce h igh en ou gh t o
l i m i t fl o w o f s t r a y e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t s t o
s a fe l e v e l s , y e t n o t s o h i g h a s t o p r e -
ven t dr a in a ge of st a t ic elect r ic ch a r ges
t o gr ou n d; h ose of n ot m or e t h a n 2
m egoh m s r esist a n ce over it s en t ir e
l e n g t h a n d o f n o t l e s s t h a n 5,000 o h m s
p e r fo o t m e e t s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t .
(13) S m a ll a rm s a m m u n it ion . S m a l l
a r m s a m m u n i t i o n —a n y s h o t g u n , r i fl e ,
pist ol, or r evolver ca r t r idge, a n d ca r -
t r i d g e s fo r p r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d p o w e r
devices a n d in du st r ia l gu n s. Milit a r y -
t y pe a m m u n it ion con t a in in g explosive-
bu r st in g ch a r ges, in cen dia r y , t r a cer ,
spot t in g, or py r ot ech n ic pr oject iles is
e x c l u d e d fr o m t h i s d e fi n i t i o n .
(14) S m a ll a rm s a m m u n it ion p rim ers.
S m a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion pr im er s—
s m a l l p e r c u s s i o n -s e n s i t i v e e x p l o s i v e
ch a r ges, en ca sed in a cu p, u sed t o ig-
n it e pr opella n t powder .
(15) S m ok eless p rop ella n t s. S m o k e l e s s
p r o p e l l a n t s —s o l i d p r o p e l l a n t s , c o m -
m on ly ca lled sm ok eless powder s in t h e
t r a de, u sed in sm a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion ,
c a n n o n , r o c k e t s , p r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d
power devices, et c.
(16) S p ecia l in d u st ria l ex p losiv es d e-
v ices. S p e c i a l i n d u s t r i a l e x p l o s i v e s d e -
v i c e s —e x p l o s i v e -a c t u a t e d p o w e r de-
v i c e s a n d p r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d p o w e r
devices.
(17) S p ecia l in d u st ria l ex p losiv es m a t e-
ria ls. S p e c i a l i n d u s t r i a l e x p l o s i v e s m a -
t e r i a l s —s h a p e d m a t e r i a l s a n d s h e e t
fo r m s a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r e x t r u s i o n s ,
pellet s, a n d pa ck a ges of h igh explo-
sives, wh ich in clu de dy n a m it e, t r i-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
n i t r o t o l u e n e (T N T ), p e n t a e r y t h r i t o l
280
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t e t r a n i t r a t e (P E T N ), h e x a h y d r o -1,3,5-
t r i n i t r o -s -t r i a zi n e (R D X ), a n d o t h e r
s i m i l a r c o m p o u n d s u s e d fo r h i g h -e n -
e r g y -r a t e fo r m i n g , e x p a n d i n g , a n d
s h a p i n g i n m e t a l fa b r i c a t i o n , a n d fo r
dism em ber m en t a n d qu ick r edu ct ion of
scr a p m et a l.
(18) W a t er gels or slu rry ex p losiv es.
T h ese com pr ise a wide va r iet y of m a t e-
r i a l s u s e d fo r b l a s t i n g . T h e y a l l c o n t a i n
su bst a n t ia l pr opor t ion s of wa t er a n d
h igh pr opor t ion s of a m m on iu m n it r a t e,
som e of wh ich is in solu t ion in t h e
wa t er . T wo br oa d cla sses of wa t er gels
a r e (i ) t h o s e w h i c h a r e s e n s i t i ze d b y a
m a t er ia l cla ssed a s a n explosive, su ch
a s T N T o r s m o k e l e s s p o w d e r , (i i ) t h o s e
w h i c h c o n t a i n n o i n g r e d i e n t c l a s s i fi e d
a s a n e x p l o s i v e ; t h e s e a r e s e n s i t i ze d
wit h m et a ls su ch a s a lu m in u m or wit h
o t h e r fu e l s . Wa t e r g e l s m a y b e
pr em ixed a t a n explosives pla n t or
m i x e d a t t h e s i t e i m m e d i a t e l y b e fo r e
deliver y in t o t h e bor eh ole.
(19) D O T sp ecif ica t ion s. R e g u l a t i o n s o f
t h e Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion pu b-
l i s h e d i n 49 CF R c h a p t e r I .
(b ) M iscella n eou s p rov ision s—(1) Gen -
era l h a z a rd . N o p e r s o n s h a l l s t o r e , h a n -
dle, or t r a n spor t explosives or bla st in g
a gen t s wh en su ch st or a ge, h a n dlin g,
a n d t r a n spor t a t ion of explosives or
bla st in g a gen t s con st it u t es a n u n du e
h a za r d t o l i fe .
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c ) S t ora ge of ex p losiv es—(1) Gen era l
p rov ision s. (i ) A l l Cl a s s A , Cl a s s B , Cl a s s
C explosives, a n d specia l in du st r ia l ex-
plosives, a n d a n y n ewly developed a n d
u n c l a s s i fi e d e x p l o s i v e s , s h a l l b e k e p t i n
m a g a zi n e s w h i c h m e e t t h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) B l a s t i n g c a p s , e l e c t r i c b l a s t i n g
ca ps, det on a t in g pr im er s, a n d pr im ed
ca r t r idges sh a ll n ot be st or ed in t h e
s a m e m a g a zi n e w i t h o t h e r e x p l o s i v e s .
(i i i ) G r o u n d a r o u n d m a g a zi n e s s h a l l
s l o p e a w a y fo r d r a i n a g e . T h e l a n d s u r -
r o u n d i n g m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e k e p t c l e a r
of br u sh , dr ied gr a ss, lea ves, a n d ot h er
m a t e r i a l s fo r a d i s t a n c e o f a t l e a s t 25
fe e t .
(i v ) M a g a zi n e s a s r e q u i r e d b y t h i s
pa r a gr a ph sh a ll be of t wo cla sses;
n a m e l y , Cl a s s I m a g a zi n e s , a n d Cl a s s I I
m a g a zi n e s .
(v ) Cl a s s I m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e r e -
qu ir ed wh er e t h e qu a n t it y of explosives
s t o r e d i s m o r e t h a n 50 p o u n d s . Cl a s s I I
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.109

m a g a zi n e s m a y b e u s e d w h e r e t h e TABLE H–21—AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES

q u a n t i t y o f e x p l o s i v e s s t o r e d i s 50 FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES 1–5—Continued
pou n ds or less. [As revised and approved by the Institute of Makers of
(v i ) Cl a s s I m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e l o - Explosives, June 5, 1964]
c a t e d a w a y fr o m o t h e r m a g a zi n e s i n Explosives Distances in feet
c o n fo r m i t y w i t h T a b l e H –21. when storage is
barricaded: Sepa-
Pounds over Pounds not over ration of maga-
TABLE H–21—AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES zines
FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES 1–5
120,000 130,000 215
[As revised and approved by the Institute of Makers of
Explosives, June 5, 1964] 130,000 140,000 225
140,000 150,000 235
Explosives Distances in feet 150,000 160,000 245
when storage is 160,000 170,000 255
barricaded: Sepa- 170,000 180,000 265
Pounds over Pounds not over ration of maga- 180,000 190,000 275
zines 190,000 200,000 285
200,000 210,000 295
2 5 6
5 10 8 210,000 230,000 315
10 20 10 230,000 250,000 335
20 30 11 250,000 275,000 360
30 40 12 275,000 300,000 385
40 50 14 1 ‘‘Natural barricade’’ means natural features of the ground,
50 75 15 such as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the sur-
75 100 16 rounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen
100 125 18 from the magazine when the trees are bare of leaves.
2 ‘‘Artificial barricade’’ means an artificial mound or revetted
125 150 19
150 200 21 wall of earth of a minimum thickness of three feet.
3 ‘‘Barricaded’’ means that a building containing explosives
200 250 23
is effectually screened from a magazine, building, railway, or
250 300 24 highway, either by a natural barricade, or by an artificial barri-
300 400 27 cade of such height that a straight line from the top of any
400 500 29 sidewall of the building containing explosives to the eave line
500 600 31 of any magazine, or building, or to a point 12 feet above the
600 700 32 center of a railway or highway, will pass through such inter-
700 800 33 vening natural or artificial barricade.
4 When two or more storage magazines are located on the
800 900 35 same property, each magazine must comply with the min-
900 1,000 36 imum distances specified from inhabited buildings, railways,
1,000 1,200 39 and highways, and in addition, they should be separated from
1,200 1,400 41 each other by not less than the distances shown for ‘‘Separa-
1,400 1,600 43 tion of Magazines,’’ except that the quantity of explosives con-
1,600 1,800 44 tained in cap magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing
1,800 2,000 45 of said cap magazines from magazines containing other ex-
plosives. If any two or more magazines are separated from
2,000 2,500 49 each other by less than the specified ‘‘Separation of Maga-
2,500 3,000 52 zines’’ distances, then such two or more magazines, as a
3,000 4,000 58 group, must be considered as one magazine, and the total
4,000 5,000 61 quantity of explosives stored in such group must be treated as
5,000 6,000 65 if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any mag-
6,000 7,000 68 azine of the group, and must comply with the minimum of dis-
7,000 8,000 72 tances specified from other magazines, inhabited buildings,
railways, and highways.
8,000 9,000 75 5 This table applies only to the permanent storage of com-
9,000 10,000 78 mercial explosives. It is not applicable to transportation of ex-
10,000 12,000 82 plosives, or any handling or temporary storage necessary or
12,000 14,000 87 incident thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs, projec-
14,000 16,000 90 tiles, or other heavily encased explosives.
16,000 18,000 94
18,000 20,000 98 (v i i ) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n s u b d i v i -
20,000 25,000 105 s i o n (v i i i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h , c l a s s I I
25,000 30,000 112 m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n c o n -
30,000 35,000 119
35,000 40,000 124 fo r m i t y w i t h T a b l e H –21, b u t m a y b e
40,000 45,000 129 per m it t ed in wa r eh ou ses a n d in wh ole-
45,000 50,000 135 sa le a n d r et a il est a blish m en t s wh en lo-
50,000 55,000 140
55,000 60,000 145 c a t e d o n a fl o o r w h i c h h a s a n e n t r a n c e
60,000 65,000 150 a t o u t s i d e g r a d e l e v e l a n d t h e m a g a zi n e
65,000 70,000 155 i s l o c a t e d n o t m o r e t h a n 10 fe e t fr o m
70,000 75,000 160
75,000 80,000 165
su ch a n en t r a n ce. T wo cla ss II m a ga -
80,000 85,000 170 zi n e s m a y b e l o c a t e d i n t h e s a m e b u i l d -
85,000 90,000 175 i n g w h e n o n e i s u s e d o n l y fo r b l a s t i n g
90,000 95,000 180 c a p s i n q u a n t i t i e s n o t i n e x c e s s o f 5,000
95,000 100,000 185
c a p s a n d a d i s t a n c e o f 10 fe e t i s m a i n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

100,000 110,000 195

110,000 120,000 205 t a i n e d b e t w e e n m a g a zi n e s .

281

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 § 1910.109
(v i i i ) Wh e n u s e d fo r t e m p o r a r y s t o r -
a g e a t a s i t e fo r b l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s ,
c l a s s I I m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
a w a y fr o m o t h e r m a g a zi n e s . A d i s t a n c e
o f a t l e a s t o n e h u n d r e d a n d fi ft y (150)
fe e t s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d b e t w e e n c l a s s
I I m a g a zi n e s a n d t h e w o r k i n p r o g r e s s
wh en t h e qu a n t it y of explosives k ept
t h e r e i n i s i n e x c e s s o f 25 p o u n d s , a n d a t
l e a s t 50 fe e t w h e n t h e q u a n t i t y o f e x -
p l o s i v e s i s 25 p o u n d s , o r l e s s .
(i x ) T h i s p a r a g r a p h (c ) d o e s n o t a p p l y
t o:
(a ) S t o c k s o f s m a l l a r m s a m m u n i -
t i o n , p r o p e l l a n t -a c t u a t e d p o w e r c a r -
t r idges, sm a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion pr im -
e r s i n q u a n t i t i e s o f l e s s t h a n 750,000, o r
of sm ok eless pr opella n t s in qu a n t it ies
l e s s t h a n 750 p o u n d s ;
(b) E x p l o s i v e -a c t u a t e d p o w e r d e v i c e s
w h e n i n q u a n t i t i e s l e s s t h a n 50 p o u n d s
n et weigh t of explosives;
(c) F u s e l i g h t e r s a n d fu s e i g n i t e r s ;
(d ) S a fe t y fu s e s o t h e r t h a n c o r d e a u
d e t o n a n t fu s e s .
(2) Con st ru ct ion of m a ga z in es— gen era l.
(i ) M a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d i n
c o n fo r m i t y w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s
pa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) M a g a zi n e s fo r t h e s t o r a g e o f e x -
plosives, ot h er t h a n bla ck powder ,
Cl a s s B a n d Cl a s s C e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e
b u l l e t r e s i s t a n t , w e a t h e r r e s i s t a n t , fi r e
r e s i s t a n t , a n d v e n t i l a t e d s u ffi c i e n t l y t o
p r o t e c t t h e e x p l o s i v e i n t h e s p e c i fi c l o -
c a l i t y . M a g a zi n e s u s e d o n l y fo r s t o r a g e
o f b l a c k p o w d e r , Cl a s s B a n d Cl a s s C
explosives sh a ll be wea t h er r esist a n t ,
fi r e -r e s i s t a n t , a n d h a v e v e n t i l a t i o n .
M a g a zi n e s fo r s t o r a g e o f b l a s t i n g a n d
elect r ic bla st in g ca ps sh a ll be wea t h er
r e s i s t a n t , fi r e -r e s i s t a n t , a n d v e n t i -
la t ed.
(i i i ) P r o p e r t y u p o n w h i c h Cl a s s I
m a g a zi n e s a r e l o c a t e d a n d p r o p e r t y
w h e r e Cl a s s I I m a g a zi n e s a r e l o c a t e d
ou t side of bu ildin gs sh a ll be post ed
w i t h s i g n s r e a d i n g ‘‘E x p l o s i v e s —K e e p
Off.’’
(i v ) M a g a zi n e s r e q u i r i n g h e a t s h a l l b e
h e a t e d b y e i t h e r h o t -w a t e r r a d i a n t
h e a t i n g w i t h t h e m a g a zi n e b u i l d i n g ; o r
a i r d i r e c t e d i n t o t h e m a g a zi n e b u i l d i n g
over eit h er h ot wa t er or low pr essu r e
s t e a m (15 p .s .i .g .) c o i l s l o c a t e d o u t s i d e
t h e m a g a zi n e b u i l d i n g .
(v ) T h e m a g a zi n e h e a t i n g s y s t e m s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s h a l l m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
282
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(a ) T h e r a d i a n t h e a t i n g c o i l s w i t h i n
t h e bu ildin g sh a ll be in st a lled in su ch a
m a n n er t h a t t h e explosives or explo-
sives con t a in er s ca n n ot con t a ct t h e
c o i l s a n d a i r i s fr e e t o c i r c u l a t e b e -
t ween t h e coils a n d t h e explosives or
explosives con t a in er s.
(b) T h e h e a t i n g d u c t s s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled in su ch a m a n n er t h a t t h e h ot -
a i r d i s c h a r g e fr o m t h e d u c t i s n o t d i -
r ect ed a ga in st t h e explosives or explo-
sives con t a in er s.
(c) T h e h e a t i n g d e v i c e u s e d i n c o n -
n e c t i o n w i t h a m a g a zi n e s h a l l h a v e
con t r ols wh ich pr even t t h e a m bien t
b u i l d i n g t e m p e r a t u r e fr o m e x c e e d i n g
130 °F .
(d ) T h e e l e c t r i c fa n o r p u m p u s e d i n
t h e h e a t i n g s y s t e m fo r a m a g a zi n e
sh a ll be m ou n t ed ou t side a n d sepa r a t e
fr o m t h e w a l l o f t h e m a g a zi n e a n d s h a l l
be gr ou n ded.
(e) T h e e l e c t r i c fa n m o t o r a n d t h e
c o n t r o l s fo r e l e c t r i c a l h e a t i n g d e v i c e s
u sed in h ea t in g wa t er or st ea m sh a ll
h a ve over loa ds a n d discon n ect s, wh ich
com ply wit h su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t . All
elect r ica l swit ch gea r sh a ll be loca t ed
a m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e o f 25 fe e t fr o m t h e
m a g a zi n e .
(f ) T h e h e a t i n g s o u r c e fo r w a t e r o r
s t e a m s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e m a g -
a zi n e b y a d i s t a n c e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 25
fe e t w h e n e l e c t r i c a l a n d 50 fe e t w h e n
fu e l fi r e d . T h e a r e a b e t w e e n t h e h e a t -
i n g u n i t a n d t h e m a g a zi n e s h a l l b e
clea r ed of a ll com bu st ible m a t er ia ls.
(g) T h e s t o r a g e o f e x p l o s i v e s a n d e x -
p l o s i v e s c o n t a i n e r s i n t h e m a g a zi n e
s h a l l a l l o w u n i fo r m a i r c i r c u l a t i o n s o
p r o d u c t t e m p e r a t u r e u n i fo r m i t y c a n b e
m a in t a in ed.
(v i ) Wh e n l i g h t s a r e n e c e s s a r y i n s i d e
t h e m a g a zi n e , e l e c t r i c s a fe t y fl a s h -
l i g h t , o r e l e c t r i c s a fe t y l a n t e r n s s h a l l
be u sed.
(3) Con st ru ct ion of Cla ss I m a ga z in es.
(i ) Cl a s s I m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e o f m a -
son r y con st r u ct ion or of wood or of
m et a l con st r u ct ion , or a com bin a t ion
of t h ese t y pes. T h ick n ess of m a son r y
u n it s sh a ll n ot be less t h a n 8 in ch es.
Hollow m a son r y u n it s u sed in con -
st r u ct ion r equ ir ed t o be bu llet r esist -
a n t s h a l l h a v e a l l h o l l o w s p a c e s fi l l e d
w i t h w e a k c e m e n t o r w e l l -t a m p e d s a n d .
Wo o d c o n s t r u c t e d w a l l s , r e q u i r e d t o b e
b u l l e t r e s i s t a n t , s h a l l h a v e a t l e a s t a 6-
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
in ch spa ce bet ween in t er ior a n d ext e-
r ior sh ea t h in g a n d t h e spa ce bet ween
s h e a t h i n g s h a l l b e fi l l e d w i t h w e l l -
t a m ped sa n d. Met a l wa ll con st r u ct ion ,
wh en r equ ir ed t o be bu llet r esist a n t ,
sh a ll be lin ed wit h br ick a t lea st 4
in ch es in t h ick n ess or sh a ll h a ve a t
l e a s t a 6-i n c h s a n d fi l l b e t w e e n i n t e r i o r
a n d ext er ior wa lls.
(i i ) F l o o r s a n d r o o fs o f m a s o n r y m a g -
a zi n e s m a y b e o f w o o d c o n s t r u c t i o n .
Wo o d fl o o r s s h a l l b e t o n g u e a n d
gr ooved lu m ber h a vin g a n om in a l
t h ick n ess of 1 in ch .
(i i i ) R o o fs r e q u i r e d t o b e b u l l e t r e -
sist a n t sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a sa n d
t r a y loca t ed a t t h e lin e of ea ves a n d
cover in g t h e en t ir e a r ea except t h a t
n e c e s s a r y fo r v e n t i l a t i o n . S a n d i n t h e
sa n d t r a y sh a ll be m a in t a in ed a t a
dept h of n ot less t h a n 4 in ch es.
(i v ) A l l w o o d a t t h e e x t e r i o r o f m a g a -
zi n e s , i n c l u d i n g e a v e s , s h a l l b e p r o -
t ect ed by bein g cover ed wit h bla ck or
g a l v a n i ze d s t e e l o r a l u m i n u m m e t a l o f
t h i c k n e s s o f n o t l e s s t h a n N o . 26 g a g e .
All n a ils exposed t o t h e in t er ior of
m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e w e l l c o u n t e r s u n k .
(v ) F o u n d a t i o n s fo r m a g a zi n e s s h a l l
be of su bst a n t ia l con st r u ct ion a n d a r -
r a n ged t o pr ovide good cr oss ven t ila -
t ion .
(v i ) M a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e v e n t i l a t e d
s u ffi c i e n t l y t o p r e v e n t d a m p n e s s a n d
h ea t in g of st or ed explosives. Ven -
t ila t in g open in gs sh a ll be scr een ed t o
pr even t t h e en t r a n ce of spa r k s.
(v i i ) Op e n i n g s t o m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e
r e s t r i c t e d t o t h a t n e c e s s a r y fo r t h e
pla cem en t a n d r em ova l of st ock s of ex-
p l o s i v e s . D o o r s fo r o p e n i n g s i n m a g a -
zi n e s fo r Cl a s s A e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e
b u l l e t r e s i s t a n t . D o o r s fo r m a g a zi n e s
n ot r equ ir ed t o be bu llet r esist a n t sh a ll
b e d e s i g n e d t o p r e v e n t u n a u t h o r i ze d
e n t r a n c e t o t h e m a g a zi n e .
(v i i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i x ) P r o v i s i o n s s h a l l b e m a d e t o p r e -
ven t t h e pilin g of st ock s of explosives
dir ect ly a ga in st m a son r y wa lls, br ick -
l i n e d o r s a n d -fi l l e d m e t a l w a l l s a n d s i n -
g l e -t h i c k n e s s m e t a l w a l l s ; s u c h p r o t e c -
t i o n , h o w e v e r , s h a l l n o t i n t e r fe r e w i t h
pr oper ven t ila t ion a t t h e in t er ior of
side a n d en d wa lls.
(4) Con st ru ct ion of Cla ss I I m a ga z in es.
(i ) Cl a s s I I m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e o f w o o d
or m et a l con st r u ct ion , or a com bin a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t i o n t h e r e o f.
283
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00293 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.109
(i i ) Wo o d m a g a zi n e s o f t h i s c l a s s
sh a ll h a ve sides, bot t om , a n d cover
c o n s t r u c t e d o f 2-i n c h h a r d w o o d b o a r d s
well br a ced a t cor n er s a n d pr ot ect ed by
bein g en t ir ely cover ed wit h sh eet
m e t a l o f n o t l e s s t h a n N o . 20 g a g e . A l l
n a ils exposed t o t h e in t er ior of t h e
m a g a zi n e s h a l l b e w e l l c o u n t e r s u n k .
A l l m e t a l m a g a zi n e s o f t h i s c l a s s s h a l l
h a ve sides, bot t om , a n d cover con -
st r u ct ed of sh eet m et a l, a n d sh a ll be
l i n e d w i t h t h r e e -e i g h t h s -i n c h p l y w o o d
or equ iva len t . E dges of m et a l cover s
sh a ll over la p sides a t lea st 1 in ch .
(i i i ) Co v e r s fo r b o t h w o o d - a n d m e t a l -
c o n s t r u c t e d m a g a zi n e s o f t h i s c l a s s
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h su bst a n t ia l
st r a p h in ges a n d sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
s u b s t a n t i a l m e a n s fo r l o c k i n g .
(i v ) M a g a zi n e s o f t h i s c l a s s s h a l l b e
pa in t ed r ed a n d sh a ll bea r let t er in g in
wh it e, on a ll sides a n d t op, a t lea st 3
i n c h e s h i g h , ‘‘E x p l o s i v e s —K e e p F i r e
A w a y .’’ Cl a s s I I m a g a zi n e s w h e n l o -
ca t ed in wa r eh ou ses, a n d in wh olesa le
a n d r et a il est a blish m en t s sh a ll be pr o-
vided wit h su bst a n t ia l wh eels or ca st -
e r s t o fa c i l i t a t e e a s y r e m o v a l i n t h e
c a s e o f fi r e . Wh e r e n e c e s s a r y d u e t o c l i -
m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s , Cl a s s I I m a g a zi n e s
sh a ll be ven t ila t ed.
(5) S t ora ge w it h in m a ga z in es. (i ) P a c k -
a g e s o f e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e l a i d fl a t
wit h t op side u p. Bla ck powder wh en
s t o r e d i n m a g a zi n e s w i t h o t h e r e x p l o -
sives sh a ll be st or ed sepa r a t ely . Bla ck
powder st or ed in k egs sh a ll be st or ed
on en ds, bu n gs down , or on side, sea m s
d o w n . Co r r e s p o n d i n g g r a d e s a n d b r a n d s
sh a ll be st or ed t oget h er in su ch a m a n -
n er t h a t br a n ds a n d gr a de m a r k s sh ow.
All st ock s sh a ll be st or ed so a s t o be
ea sily cou n t ed a n d ch eck ed. P a ck a ges
of explosives sh a ll be piled in a st a ble
m a n n e r . Wh e n a n y k i n d o f e x p l o s i v e i s
r e m o v e d fr o m a m a g a zi n e fo r u s e , t h e
oldest explosive of t h a t pa r t icu la r k in d
s h a l l a l w a y s b e t a k e n fi r s t .
(i i ) P a c k a g e s o f e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l n o t
b e u n p a c k e d o r r e p a c k e d i n a m a g a zi n e
n o r w i t h i n 50 fe e t o f a m a g a zi n e o r i n
close pr oxim it y t o ot h er explosives.
T o o l s u s e d fo r o p e n i n g p a c k a g e s o f e x -
plosives sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of n on -
spa r k in g m a t er ia ls, except t h a t m et a l
s l i t t e r s m a y b e u s e d fo r o p e n i n g fi b e r -
b o a r d b o x e s . A w o o d w e d g e a n d a fi b e r ,
r u b b e r , o r w o o d m a l l e t s h a l l b e u s e d fo r
open in g or closin g wood pa ck a ges of
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
e x p l o s i v e s . Op e n e d p a c k a g e s o f e x p l o -
s i v e s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y c l o s e d b e fo r e
b e i n g r e t u r n e d t o a m a g a zi n e .
(i i i ) M a g a zi n e s s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r
t h e st or a ge of a n y m et a l t ools n or a n y
com m odit y except explosives, bu t t h is
r est r ict ion sh a ll n ot a pply t o t h e st or -
a ge of bla st in g a gen t s a n d bla st in g su p-
plies.
(i v ) M a g a zi n e fl o o r s s h a l l b e r e g u -
l a r l y s w e p t , k e p t c l e a n , d r y , fr e e o f
gr it , pa per , em pt y u sed pa ck a ges, a n d
r u bbish . Br oom s a n d ot h er clea n in g
u t e n s i l s s h a l l n o t h a v e a n y s p a r k -p r o -
d u c i n g m e t a l p a r t s . S w e e p i n g s fr o m
fl o o r s o f m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e p r o p e r l y
d i s p o s e d o f. M a g a zi n e fl o o r s s t a i n e d
wit h n it r ogly cer in sh a ll be clea n ed a c-
cor din g t o in st r u ct ion s by t h e m a n u -
fa c t u r e r .
(v ) Wh e n a n y e x p l o s i v e h a s d e t e r i o -
r a t ed t o a n ext en t t h a t it is in a n u n -
st a ble or da n ger ou s con dit ion , or if n i-
t r o g l y c e r i n l e a k s fr o m a n y e x p l o s i v e s ,
t h en t h e per son in possession of su ch
explosive sh a ll im m edia t ely pr oceed t o
dest r oy su ch explosive in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s o f t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r e r . On l y e x p e r i e n c e d p e r s o n s s h a l l
be a llowed t o do t h e wor k of dest r oy in g
explosives.
(v i ) Wh e n m a g a zi n e s n e e d i n s i d e r e -
pa ir s, a ll explosives sh a ll be r em oved
t h e r e fr o m a n d t h e fl o o r s c l e a n e d . I n
m a k in g ou t side r epa ir s, if t h er e is a
p o s s i b i l i t y o f c a u s i n g s p a r k s o r fi r e t h e
e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e r e m o v e d fr o m t h e
m a g a zi n e . E x p l o s i v e s r e m o v e d fr o m a
m a g a zi n e u n d e r r e p a i r s h a l l e i t h e r b e
p l a c e d i n a n o t h e r m a g a zi n e o r p l a c e d a
s a fe d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e m a g a zi n e w h e r e
t h ey sh a ll be pr oper ly gu a r ded a n d pr o-
t ect ed u n t il r epa ir s h a ve been com -
plet ed, wh en t h ey sh a ll be r et u r n ed t o
t h e m a g a zi n e .
(v i i ) S m o k i n g , m a t c h e s , o p e n fl a m e s ,
s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g d e v i c e s , a n d fi r e a r m s
(e x c e p t fi r e a r m s c a r r i e d b y g u a r d s )
sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed in side of or
w i t h i n 50 fe e t o f m a g a zi n e s . T h e l a n d
s u r r o u n d i n g a m a g a zi n e s h a l l b e k e p t
c l e a r o f a l l c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l s fo r a
d i s t a n c e o f a t l e a s t 25 fe e t . Co m b u s -
t ible m a t er ia ls sh a ll n ot be st or ed
w i t h i n 50 fe e t o f m a g a zi n e s .
(v i i i ) M a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e i n t h e
ch a r ge of a com pet en t per son a t a ll
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t im es a n d wh o sh a ll be h eld r espon sible
284
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
fo r t h e e n fo r c e m e n t o f a l l s a fe t y p r e -
ca u t ion s.
(i x ) E x p l o s i v e s r e c o v e r e d fr o m b l a s t -
i n g m i s fi r e s s h a l l b e p l a c e d i n a s e p a -
r a t e m a g a zi n e u n t i l c o m p e t e n t p e r -
s o n n e l h a s d e t e r m i n e d fr o m t h e m a n u -
fa c t u r e r t h e m e t h o d o f d i s p o s a l . Ca p s
r e c o v e r e d fr o m b l a s t i n g m i s fi r e s s h a l l
n ot be r eu sed. S u ch explosives a n d ca ps
sh a ll t h en be disposed of in t h e m a n n er
r e c o m m e n d e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(d ) T ra n sp ort a t ion of ex p losiv es—(1)
Gen era l p rov ision s. (i ) N o e m p l o y e e
sh a ll be a llowed t o sm ok e, ca r r y
m a t c h e s o r a n y o t h e r fl a m e -p r o d u c i n g
d e v i c e , o r c a r r y a n y fi r e a r m s o r l o a d e d
ca r t r idges wh ile in or n ea r a m ot or ve-
h icle t r a n spor t in g explosives; or dr ive,
loa d, or u n loa d su ch veh icle in a ca r e-
less or r eck less m a n n er .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) E x p l o s i v e s s h a l l n o t b e t r a n s -
fe r r e d fr o m o n e v e h i c l e t o a n o t h e r
w i t h i n t h e c o n fi n e s o f a n y j u r i s d i c t i o n
(c i t y , c o u n t y , S t a t e , o r o t h e r a r e a )
w i t h o u t i n fo r m i n g t h e fi r e a n d p o l i c e
d e p a r t m e n t s t h e r e o f. I n t h e e v e n t o f
b r e a k d o w n o r c o l l i s i o n t h e l o c a l fi r e
and police depa r t m en t s sh a ll be
p r o m p t l y n o t i fi e d t o h e l p s a fe g u a r d
su ch em er gen cies. E xplosives sh a ll be
t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m t h e d i s a b l e d v e h i c l e
t o a n ot h er on ly , wh en pr oper a n d
q u a l i fi e d s u p e r v i s i o n i s p r o v i d e d .
(i v ) B l a s t i n g c a p s o r e l e c t r i c b l a s t i n g
ca ps sh a ll n ot be t r a n spor t ed over t h e
h igh wa y s on t h e sa m e veh icles wit h
ot h er explosives, u n less pa ck a ged, seg-
r ega t ed, a n d t r a n spor t ed in a ccor da n ce
wit h t h e Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor -
t a t i o n ’s H a za r d o u s M a t e r i a l s R e g u l a -
t i o n s (49 CF R p a r t s 177–180).
(2) T ra n sp ort a t ion v eh icles. (i ) V e h i c l e s
u s e d fo r t r a n s p o r t i n g e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l
be st r on g en ou gh t o ca r r y t h e loa d
w i t h o u t d i ffi c u l t y a n d b e i n g o o d m e -
ch a n ica l con dit ion . If veh icles do n ot
h a ve a closed body , t h e body sh a ll be
c o v e r e d w i t h a fl a m e p r o o f a n d m o i s -
t u r e p r o o f t a r p a u l i n o r o t h e r e ffe c t i v e
pr ot ect ion a ga in st m oist u r e and
s p a r k s . A l l v e h i c l e s u s e d fo r t h e t r a n s -
por t a t ion of explosives sh a ll h a ve t igh t
fl o o r s a n d a n y e x p o s e d s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g
m et a l on t h e in side of t h e body sh a ll be
cover ed wit h wood or ot h er n on -
spa r k in g m a t er ia ls t o pr even t con t a ct
wit h pa ck a ges of explosives. P a ck a ges
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
of explosives sh a ll n ot be loa ded a bove
t h e s i d e s o f a n o p e n -b o d y v e h i c l e .
(i i ) E v e r y v e h i c l e u s e d fo r t r a n s -
p o r t i n g e x p l o s i v e s a n d o x i d i zi n g m a t e -
r i a l s l i s t e d i n p a r a g r a p h (d )(2)(i i )(a ) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e m a r k e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) E x t e r i o r m a r k i n g s o r p l a c a r d s r e -
qu ir ed on a pplica ble veh icles sh a ll be
a s fo l l o w s fo r t h e v a r i o u s c l a s s e s o f
com m odit ies:
Commodity Type of marking or
placard
Explosives, Class A, any quantity Explosives A (Red letters
or a combination of Class A on white background).
and Class B explosives.
Explosives, Class B, and quantity Explosives B (Red letters
on white background).
Oxidizing material (blasting Oxidizers (Yellow letters
agents, ammonium nitrate, on black background).
etc.), 1,000 pounds or more
gross weight.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c) S u c h m a r k i n g s o r p l a c a r d s s h a l l
b e d i s p l a y e d a t t h e fr o n t , r e a r , a n d o n
ea ch side of t h e m ot or veh icle or t r a il-
er , or ot h er ca r go ca r r y in g body wh ile
it con t a in s explosives or ot h er da n -
ger ou s a r t icles of su ch t y pe a n d in su ch
q u a n t i t y a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(d )(1)(i i )(a ) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n . T h e
fr o n t m a r k i n g o r p l a c a r d m a y b e d i s -
p l a y e d o n t h e fr o n t o f e i t h e r t h e t r u c k ,
t r u ck body , t r u ck t r a ct or or t h e t r a il-
er .
(d ) A n y m o t o r v e h i c l e , t r a i l e r , o r
o t h e r c a r g o -c a r r y i n g b o d y c o n t a i n i n g
m or e t h a n on e k in d of explosive a s well
a s a n o x i d i zi n g m a t e r i a l r e q u i r i n g a
pla ca r d u n der t h e pr ovision s of pa r a -
g r a p h (d )(2)(i i )(a ), t h e a g g r e g a t e g r o s s
w e i g h t o f w h i c h t o t a l s 1,000 p o u n d s o r
m or e, sh a ll be m a r k ed or pla ca r ded
‘‘D a n g e r o u s ’’ a s w e l l a s ‘‘E x p l o s i v e A ’’
o r ‘‘E x p l o s i v e B ’’ a s a p p r o p r i a t e . I f e x -
p l o s i v e s Cl a s s A a n d e x p l o s i v e s Cl a s s B
a r e loa ded on t h e sa m e veh icle, t h e
‘‘E x p l o s i v e s B ’’ m a r k i n g n e e d n o t b e
displa y ed.
(e) I n a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t w o o r
m or e veh icles con t a in in g explosives or
ot h er da n ger ou s a r t icles ea ch veh icle
sh a ll be m a r k ed or pla ca r ded a s t o it s
con t en t s a n d in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a -
g r a p h s (d )(2)(i i ) (a ) a n d (c) o f t h i s s u b -
division .
(i i i ) E a c h m o t o r v e h i c l e u s e d fo r
t r a n spor t in g explosives sh a ll be
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
equ ipped wit h a m in im u m of t wo ext in -
285
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§ 1910.109
gu ish er s, ea ch h a vin g a r a t in g of a t
l e a s t 10–B C.
(a ) On l y e x t i n g u i s h e r s l i s t e d o r a p -
p r o v e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t -
in g la bor a t or y sh a ll be deem ed su it a ble
fo r u s e o n e x p l o s i v e s -c a r r y i n g v e h i c l e s .
R e fe r t o § 1910.155(c )(3)(i v )(A ) fo r d e fi n i -
t i o n o f l i s t e d , a n d § 1910.7 fo r n a t i o n a l l y
r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(b) E x t i n g u i s h e r s s h a l l b e fi l l e d a n d
r e a d y fo r i m m e d i a t e u s e a n d l o c a t e d
n e a r t h e d r i v e r ’s s e a t . E x t i n g u i s h e r s
sh a ll be exa m in ed per iodica lly by a
com pet en t per son .
(i v ) A m o t o r v e h i c l e u s e d fo r t r a n s -
por t in g explosives sh a ll be given t h e
fo l l o w i n g i n s p e c t i o n t o d e t e r m i n e t h a t
i t i s i n p r o p e r c o n d i t i o n fo r s a fe t r a n s -
por t a t ion of explosives:
(a ) F i r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s s h a l l b e fi l l e d
a n d in wor k in g or der .
(b) A l l e l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g s h a l l b e c o m -
p l e t e l y p r o t e c t e d a n d s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d
t o p r e v e n t s h o r t -c i r c u i t i n g .
(c) Ch a s s i s , m o t o r , p a n , a n d u n d e r s i d e
of body sh a ll be r ea son a bly clea n a n d
fr e e o f e x c e s s o i l a n d g r e a s e .
(d ) F u e l t a n k a n d fe e d l i n e s h a l l b e s e -
cu r e a n d h a ve n o lea k s.
(e) B r a k e s , l i g h t s , h o r n , w i n d s h i e l d
wiper s, a n d st eer in g a ppa r a t u s sh a ll
fu n c t i o n p r o p e r l y .
(f ) T i r e s s h a l l b e c h e c k e d fo r p r o p e r
i n fl a t i o n a n d d e fe c t s .
(g) T h e v e h i c l e s h a l l b e i n p r o p e r c o n -
dit ion in ever y ot h er r espect a n d a c-
c e p t a b l e fo r h a n d l i n g e x p l o s i v e s .
(3) O p era t ion of t ra n sp ort a t ion v eh icles.
(i ) V e h i c l e s t r a n s p o r t i n g e x p l o s i v e s
sh a ll on ly be dr iven by a n d be in t h e
c h a r g e o f a d r i v e r w h o i s fa m i l i a r w i t h
t h e t r a ffi c r e g u l a t i o n s , S t a t e l a w s , a n d
t h e pr ovision s of t h is sect ion .
(i i ) E x c e p t u n d e r e m e r g e n c y c o n d i -
t ion s, n o veh icle t r a n spor t in g explo-
s i v e s s h a l l b e p a r k e d b e fo r e r e a c h i n g
it s dest in a t ion , even t h ou gh a t t en ded,
on a n y pu blic st r eet a dja cen t t o or in
pr oxim it y t o a n y pla ce wh er e people
wor k .
(i i i ) E v e r y m o t o r v e h i c l e t r a n s -
p o r t i n g a n y q u a n t i t y o f Cl a s s A o r
Cl a s s B e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l , a t a l l t i m e s ,
be a t t en ded by a dr iver or ot h er a t -
t en da n t of t h e m ot or ca r r ier . T h is a t -
t en da n t sh a ll h a ve been m a de a wa r e of
t h e cla ss of t h e explosive m a t er ia l in
t h e veh icle a n d of it s in h er en t da n ger s,
a n d sh a ll h a ve been in st r u ct ed in t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
m e a s u r e s a n d p r o c e d u r e s t o b e fo l l o w e d
i n o r d e r t o p r o t e c t t h e p u b l i c fr o m
t h ose da n ger s. He sh a ll h a ve been m a de
fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e v e h i c l e h e i s a s -
sign ed, a n d sh a ll be t r a in ed, su pplied
wit h t h e n ecessa r y m ea n s, a n d a u t h or -
i ze d t o m o v e t h e v e h i c l e w h e n r e q u i r e d .
(a ) F o r t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s s u b d i v i -
sion , a m ot or veh icle sh a ll be deem ed
‘‘a t t e n d e d ’’ o n l y w h e n t h e d r i v e r o r
ot h er a t t en da n t is ph y sica lly on or in
t h e veh icle, or h a s t h e veh icle wit h in
h i s fi e l d o f v i s i o n a n d c a n r e a c h i t
qu ick ly a n d wit h ou t a n y k in d of in t er -
fe r e n c e ‘‘a t t e n d e d ’’ a l s o m e a n s t h a t t h e
dr iver or a t t en da n t is a wa k e, a ler t , a n d
n ot en ga ged in ot h er du t ies or a ct ivi-
t ies wh ich m a y diver t h is a t t en t ion
fr o m t h e v e h i c l e , e x c e p t fo r n e c e s s a r y
c o m m u n i c a t i o n w i t h p u b l i c o ffi c e r s , o r
r epr esen t a t ives of t h e ca r r ier sh ipper ,
o r c o n s i g n e e , o r e x c e p t fo r n e c e s s a r y
a b s e n c e fr o m t h e v e h i c l e t o o b t a i n fo o d
o r t o p r o v i d e fo r h i s p h y s i c a l c o m fo r t .
(b) H o w e v e r , a n e x p l o s i v e -l a d e n v e h i -
c l e m a y b e l e ft u n a t t e n d e d i f p a r k e d
w i t h i n a s e c u r e l y fe n c e d o r w a l l e d a r e a
wit h a ll ga t es or en t r a n ces lock ed
wh er e pa r k in g of su ch veh icle is ot h er -
w i s e p e r m i s s i b l e , o r a t a m a g a zi n e s i t e
e s t a b l i s h e d s o l e l y fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f
st or in g explosives.
(i v ) N o s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g m e t a l , s p a r k -
pr odu cin g m et a l t ools, oils, m a t ch es,
fi r e a r m s , e l e c t r i c s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s ,
fl a m m a b l e s u b s t a n c e s , a c i d s , o x i d i zi n g
m a t er ia ls, or cor r osive com pou n ds
sh a ll be ca r r ied in t h e body of a n y
m o t o r t r u c k a n d /o r v e h i c l e t r a n s -
por t in g explosives, u n less t h e loa din g
of su ch da n ger ou s a r t icles a n d t h e ex-
p l o s i v e s c o m p l y w i t h U .S . D e p a r t m e n t
of T r a n spor t a t ion r egu la t ion s.
(v ) V e h i c l e s t r a n s p o r t i n g e x p l o s i v e s
sh a ll a void con gest ed a r ea s a n d h ea vy
t r a ffi c . Wh e r e r o u t e s t h r o u g h c o n -
gest ed a r ea s h a ve been design a t ed by
loca l a u t h or it ies su ch r ou t es sh a ll be
fo l l o w e d .
(v i ) D e l i v e r y s h a l l o n l y b e m a d e t o
a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n s a n d i n t o a u t h o r i ze d
m a g a zi n e s o r a u t h o r i ze d t e m p o r a r y
st or a ge or h a n dlin g a r ea s.
(e ) U se of ex p losiv es a n d bla st in g
a gen t s—(1) Gen era l p rov ision s. (i ) Wh i l e
explosives a r e bein g h a n dled or u sed,
sm ok in g sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed a n d n o
on e n ea r t h e explosives sh a ll possess
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a t c h e s , o p e n l i g h t o r o t h e r fi r e o r
286
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
fl a m e . N o p e r s o n s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o
h a n dle explosives wh ile u n der t h e in -
fl u e n c e o f i n t o x i c a t i n g l i q u o r s , n a r -
cot ics, or ot h er da n ger ou s dr u gs.
(i i ) Or i g i n a l c o n t a i n e r s o r Cl a s s I I
m a g a zi n e s s h a l l b e u s e d fo r t a k i n g d e t -
o n a t o r s a n d o t h e r e x p l o s i v e s fr o m s t o r -
a g e m a g a zi n e s t o t h e b l a s t i n g a r e a .
(i i i ) Wh e n b l a s t i n g i s d o n e i n c o n -
gest ed a r ea s or in close pr oxim it y t o a
st r u ct u r e, or a n y ot h er in st a lla t ion
t h a t m a y be da m a ged, t h e bla st sh a ll
b e c o v e r e d b e fo r e fi r i n g w i t h a m a t
con st r u ct ed so t h a t it is ca pa ble of pr e-
v e n t i n g fr a g m e n t s fr o m b e i n g t h r o w n .
(i v ) P e r s o n s a u t h o r i ze d t o p r e p a r e e x -
plosive ch a r ges or con du ct bla st in g op-
er a t ion s sh a ll u se ever y r ea son a ble pr e-
ca u t ion , in clu din g bu t n ot lim it ed t o
w a r n i n g s i g n a l s , fl a g s , b a r r i c a d e s , o r
w o v e n w i r e m a t s t o i n s u r e t h e s a fe t y o f
t h e gen er a l pu blic a n d wor k m en .
(v ) B l a s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e c o n -
du ct ed du r in g da y ligh t h ou r s.
(v i ) Wh e n e v e r b l a s t i n g i s b e i n g c o n -
du ct ed in t h e vicin it y of ga s, elect r ic,
w a t e r , fi r e a l a r m , t e l e p h o n e , t e l e g r a p h ,
a n d st ea m u t ilit ies, t h e bla st er sh a ll
n o t i fy t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s
o f s u c h u t i l i t i e s a t l e a s t 24 h o u r s i n a d -
v a n c e o f b l a s t i n g , s p e c i fy i n g t h e l o c a -
t ion a n d in t en ded t im e of su ch bla st -
i n g . V e r b a l n o t i c e s h a l l b e c o n fi r m e d
wit h wr it t en n ot ice.
(v i i ) D u e p r e c a u t i o n s s h a l l b e t a k e n
t o pr even t a cciden t a l disch a r ge of elec-
t r i c b l a s t i n g c a p s fr o m c u r r e n t i n d u c e d
by r a da r , r a dio t r a n sm it t er s, ligh t n in g,
a dja cen t power lin es, du st st or m s, or
ot h er sou r ces of ext r a n eou s elect r icit y .
T h ese pr eca u t ion s sh a ll in clu de:
(a ) T h e s u s p e n s i o n o f a l l b l a s t i n g o p -
e r a t i o n s a n d r e m o v a l o f p e r s o n s fr o m
t h e bla st in g a r ea du r in g t h e a ppr oa ch
a n d pr ogr ess of a n elect r ic st or m .
(b) T h e p o s t i n g o f s i g n s w a r n i n g
a ga in st t h e u se of m obile r a dio t r a n s-
m i t t e r s o n a l l r o a d s w i t h i n 350 fe e t o f
t h e bla st in g oper a t ion s.
(2) S t ora ge a t u se sit es. (i ) E m p t y c o n -
t a i n e r s a n d p a p e r a n d fi b e r p a c k i n g
m a t er ia ls wh ich h a ve pr eviou sly con -
t a in ed explosive m a t er ia ls sh a ll be dis-
p o s e d o f i n a s a fe m a n n e r , o r r e u s e d i n
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e Depa r t m en t of
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ’s H a za r d o u s M a t e r i a l s
R e g u l a t i o n s (49 CF R p a r t s 177–180).
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s o f e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l n o t
b e o p e n e d i n a n y m a g a zi n e o r w i t h i n 50
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fe e t o f a n y m a g a zi n e . I n o p e n i n g k e g s
or wooden ca ses, n o spa r k in g m et a l
t ools sh a ll be u sed; wooden wedges a n d
e i t h e r w o o d , fi b e r o r r u b b e r m a l l e t s
sh a ll be u sed. Non spa r k in g m et a llic
s l i t t e r s m a y b e u s e d fo r o p e n i n g fi b e r -
boa r d ca ses.
(i i i ) E x p l o s i v e s o r b l a s t i n g e q u i p m e n t
t h a t a r e obviou sly det er ior a t ed or da m -
a ged sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(i v ) N o e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e a b a n d o n e d .
(3) L oa d in g of ex p losiv es in bla st h oles.
(i ) A l l d r i l l h o l e s s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t l y
l a r g e t o a d m i t fr e e l y t h e i n s e r t i o n o f
t h e ca r t r idges of explosives.
(i i ) T a m p i n g s h a l l b e d o n e o n l y w i t h
wood r ods wit h ou t exposed m et a l pa r t s,
bu t n on spa r k in g m et a l con n ect or s m a y
b e u s e d fo r j o i n t e d p o l e s . V i o l e n t t a m p -
in g sh a ll be a voided. P r im ed ca r t r idges
sh a ll n ot be t a m ped.
(i i i ) Wh e n l o a d i n g b l a s t i n g a g e n t s
pn eu m a t ica lly over elect r ic bla st in g
ca ps, sem icon du ct ive deliver y h ose
sh a ll be u sed a n d t h e equ ipm en t sh a ll
be bon ded a n d gr ou n ded.
(i v ) N o h o l e s s h a l l b e l o a d e d e x c e p t
t h o s e t o b e fi r e d i n t h e n e x t r o u n d o f
b l a s t i n g . A ft e r l o a d i n g , a l l r e m a i n i n g
explosives sh a ll be im m edia t ely r e-
t u r n e d t o a n a u t h o r i ze d m a g a zi n e .
(v ) D r i l l i n g s h a l l n o t b e s t a r t e d u n t i l
a ll r em a in in g bu t t s of old h oles a r e ex-
a m i n e d w i t h a w o o d e n s t i c k fo r
u n exploded ch a r ges, a n d if a n y a r e
fo u n d , t h e y s h a l l b e r e fi r e d b e fo r e w o r k
pr oceeds.
(v i ) N o p e r s o n s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o
deepen dr ill h oles wh ich h a ve con -
t a in ed explosives.
(v i i ) A ft e r l o a d i n g fo r a b l a s t i s c o m -
plet ed, a ll excess bla st in g ca ps or elec-
t r ic bla st in g ca ps a n d ot h er explosives
sh a ll im m edia t ely be r et u r n ed t o t h eir
s e p a r a t e s t o r a g e m a g a zi n e s .
(4) I n it ia t ion of ex p losiv e ch a rges.
(i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) Wh e n fu s e i s u s e d , t h e b l a s t i n g
ca p sh a ll be secu r ely a t t a ch ed t o t h e
s a fe t y fu s e w i t h a s t a n d a r d -r i n g t y p e
ca p cr im per . All pr im er s sh a ll be a s-
s e m b l e d a t l e a s t 50 fe e t fr o m a n y m a g a -
zi n e .
(i i i ) P r i m e r s s h a l l b e m a d e u p o n l y a s
r e q u i r e d fo r e a c h r o u n d o f b l a s t i n g .
(i v ) N o b l a s t i n g c a p s h a l l b e i n s e r t e d
i n t h e e x p l o s i v e s w i t h o u t fi r s t m a k i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a h o l e i n t h e c a r t r i d g e fo r t h e c a p w i t h
287
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00297 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.109
a w o o d e n p u n c h o f p r o p e r s i ze o r s t a n d -
a r d ca p cr im per .
(v ) E x p l o s i v e s s h a l l n o t b e e x t r a c t e d
fr o m a h o l e t h a t h a s o n c e b e e n c h a r g e d
o r h a s m i s fi r e d u n l e s s i t i s i m p o s s i b l e
t o det on a t e t h e u n exploded ch a r ge by
i n s e r t i o n o f a fr e s h a d d i t i o n a l p r i m e r .
(v i ) I f t h e r e a r e a n y m i s fi r e s w h i l e
u s i n g c a p a n d fu s e , a l l p e r s o n s s h a l l b e
r e q u i r e d t o r e m a i n a w a y fr o m t h e
c h a r g e fo r a t l e a s t 1 h o u r . I f e l e c t r i c
b l a s t i n g c a p s a r e u s e d a n d a m i s fi r e o c -
cu r s, t h is wa it in g per iod m a y be r e-
d u c e d t o 30 m i n u t e s . M i s fi r e s s h a l l b e
h a n dled u n der t h e dir ect ion of t h e per -
son in ch a r ge of t h e bla st in g a n d a ll
w i r e s s h a l l b e c a r e fu l l y t r a c e d a n d
s e a r c h m a d e fo r u n e x p l o d e d c h a r g e s .
(v i i ) B l a s t e r s , w h e n t e s t i n g c i r c u i t s
t o ch a r ged h oles, sh a ll u se on ly bla st -
i n g g a l v a n o m e t e r s d e s i g n e d fo r t h i s
pu r pose.
(v i i i ) On l y t h e e m p l o y e e m a k i n g
lea din g wir e con n ect ion s in elect r ica l
fi r i n g s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o fi r e t h e s h o t .
L ea din g wir es sh a ll r em a in sh or t ed a n d
n ot be con n ect ed t o t h e bla st in g m a -
ch in e or ot h er sou r ce of cu r r en t u n t il
t h e c h a r g e i s t o b e fi r e d .
(5) W a rn in g requ ired . B e fo r e a b l a s t i s
fi r e d , t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e q u i r e t h a t a
lou d wa r n in g sign a l be given by t h e
per son in ch a r ge, wh o h a s m a de cer t a in
t h a t a l l s u r p l u s e x p l o s i v e s a r e i n a s a fe
pla ce, a ll per son s a n d veh icles a r e a t a
s a fe d i s t a n c e o r u n d e r s u ffi c i e n t c o v e r ,
a n d t h a t a n a dequ a t e wa r n in g h a s been
given .
(f) E x p losiv es a t p iers, ra ilw a y st a t ion s,
a n d ca rs or v essels n ot ot h erw ise sp ecif ied
in t h is st a n d a rd —(1) R a ilw a y ca rs. E x -
cept in a n em er gen cy a n d wit h per m is-
sion of t h e loca l a u t h or it y , n o per son
sh a ll h a ve or k eep explosives in a r a il-
wa y ca r u n less sa id ca r a n d con t en t s
a n d m et h ods of loa din g a r e in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n s fo r t h e
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f E x p l o s i v e s , 49 CF R
ch a pt er I.
(2) P a ck in g a n d m a rk in g. N o p e r s o n
sh a ll deliver a n y explosive t o a n y ca r -
r i e r u n l e s s s u c h e x p l o s i v e c o n fo r m s i n
a ll r espect s, in clu din g m a r k in g a n d
p a c k i n g , t o t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n s fo r t h e
T r a n spor t a t ion of E xplosives.
(3) M a rk in g ca rs. E v e r y r a i l w a y c a r
con t a in in g explosives wh ich has
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
r ea ch ed it s design a t ion , or is st opped
in t r a n sit so a s n o lon ger t o be in in t er -
st a t e com m er ce, sh a ll h a ve a t t a ch ed t o
bot h sides a n d en ds of t h e ca r , ca r ds
w i t h t h e w o r d s ‘‘E x p l o s i v e s —H a n d l e
Ca r e fu l l y —K e e p F i r e A w a y ’’ i n r e d l e t -
t e r s a t l e a s t 11⁄2 i n c h e s h i g h o n a w h i t e
ba ck gr ou n d.
(4) S t ora ge. A n y e x p l o s i v e s a t a r a i l -
w a y fa c i l i t y , t r u c k t e r m i n a l , p i e r ,
w h a r f h a r b o r fa c i l i t y , o r a i r p o r t t e r -
m i n a l w h e t h e r fo r d e l i v e r y t o a c o n -
s i g n e e , o r fo r w a r d e d t o s o m e o t h e r d e s -
t i n a t i o n s h a l l b e k e p t i n a s a fe p l a c e ,
i s o l a t e d a s fa r a s p r a c t i c a b l e a n d i n
su ch m a n n er t h a t t h ey ca n be ea sily
a n d qu ick ly r em oved.
(5) H ou rs of t ra n sf er. E x p l o s i v e s s h a l l
n o t b e d e l i v e r e d t o o r r e c e i v e d fr o m
a n y r a ilwa y st a t ion , t r u ck t er m in a l,
p i e r , w h a r f, h a r b o r fa c i l i t y , o r a i r p o r t
t er m in a l bet ween t h e h ou r s of su n set
a n d su n r ise.
(g ) B la st in g a gen t s—(1) Gen era l. U n l e s s
o t h e r w i s e s e t fo r t h i n t h i s p a r a g r a p h ,
bla st in g a gen t s, exclu din g wa t er gels,
sh a ll be t r a n spor t ed, st or ed, a n d u sed
in t h e sa m e m a n n er a s explosives.
Wa t e r g e l s a r e c o v e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (h )
of t h is sect ion .
(2) F ix ed loca t ion m ix in g. (i ) [R e -
ser ved]
(i i ) B u i l d i n g s u s e d fo r t h e m i x i n g o f
b l a s t i n g a g e n t s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion .
(a ) B u i l d i n g s s h a l l b e o f n o n c o m b u s -
t ible con st r u ct ion or sh eet m et a l on
wood st u ds.
(b) F l o o r s i n a m i x i n g p l a n t s h a l l b e
of con cr et e or of ot h er n on a bsor ben t
m a t er ia ls.
(c) A l l fu e l o i l s t o r a g e fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l
b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e m i x i n g p l a n t a n d
loca t ed in su ch a m a n n er t h a t in ca se
of t a n k r u pt u r e, t h e oil will dr a in a wa y
fr o m t h e m i x i n g p l a n t b u i l d i n g .
(d ) T h e b u i l d i n g s h a l l b e w e l l v e n t i -
la t ed.
(e) H e a t i n g u n i t s w h i c h d o n o t d e p e n d
on com bu st ion pr ocesses, wh en pr op-
er ly design ed a n d loca t ed, m a y be u sed
in t h e bu ildin g. All dir ect sou r ces of
h e a t s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d e x c l u s i v e l y fr o m
u n it s loca t ed ou t side t h e m ixin g bu ild-
in g.
(f ) A l l i n t e r n a l -c o m b u s t i o n e n g i n e s
u s e d fo r e l e c t r i c p o w e r g e n e r a t i o n s h a l l
be loca t ed ou t side t h e m ixin g pla n t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
bu ildin g, or sh a ll be pr oper ly ven t i-
288
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00298 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
l a t e d a n d i s o l a t e d b y a fi r e w a l l . T h e e x -
h a u st sy st em s on a ll su ch en gin es sh a ll
be loca t ed so a n y spa r k em ission ca n -
n o t b e a h a za r d t o a n y m a t e r i a l s i n o r
a dja cen t t o t h e pla n t .
(i i i ) E q u i p m e n t u s e d fo r m i x i n g
b l a s t i n g a g e n t s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of t h is su bdivision .
(a ) T h e d e s i g n o f t h e m i x e r s h a l l m i n -
i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f fr i c t i o n a l h e a t -
in g, com pa ct ion , a n d especia lly con -
fi n e m e n t . A l l b e a r i n g s a n d d r i v e a s -
sem blies sh a ll be m ou n t ed ou t side t h e
m ixer a n d pr ot ect ed a ga in st t h e a ccu -
m u l a t i o n o f d u s t . A l l s u r fa c e s s h a l l b e
a c c e s s i b l e fo r c l e a n i n g .
(b) M i x i n g a n d p a c k a g i n g e q u i p m e n t
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of m a t er ia ls com -
p a t i b l e w i t h t h e fu e l -a m m o n i u m n i -
t r a t e com posit ion .
(c) S u i t a b l e m e a n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
t o p r e v e n t t h e fl o w o f fu e l o i l t o t h e
m i x e r i n c a s e o f fi r e . I n g r a v i t y fl o w
s y s t e m s a n a u t o m a t i c s p r i n g -l o a d e d
s h u t o ff v a l v e w i t h fu s i b l e l i n k s h a l l b e
in st a lled.
(i v ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n
sh a ll be con sider ed wh en det er m in in g
bla st in g a gen t com posit ion s.
(a ) T h e s e n s i t i v i t y o f t h e b l a s t i n g
a gen t sh a ll be det er m in ed by m ea n s of
a No. 8 t est bla st in g ca p a t r egu la r in -
t e r v a l s a n d a ft e r e v e r y c h a n g e i n fo r -
m u la t ion .
(b) Ox i d i ze r s o f s m a l l p a r t i c l e s i ze ,
su ch a s cr u sh ed a m m on iu m n it r a t e
p r i l l s o r fi n e s , m a y b e m o r e s e n s i t i v e
t h a n coa r ser pr odu ct s a n d sh a ll, t h er e-
fo r e , b e h a n d l e d w i t h g r e a t e r c a r e .
(c) N o h y d r o c a r b o n l i q u i d fu e l w i t h
fl a s h p o i n t l o w e r t h a n t h a t o f N o . 2 d i e -
s e l fu e l o i l 125 °F . m i n i m u m s h a l l b e
u sed.
(d ) Cr u d e o i l a n d c r a n k c a s e o i l s h a l l
n ot be u sed.
(e) M e t a l p o w d e r s s u c h a s a l u m i n u m
sh a ll be k ept dr y a n d sh a ll be st or ed in
con t a in er s or bin s wh ich a r e m oist u r e-
r e s i s t a n t o r w e a t h e r t i g h t . S o l i d fu e l s
sh a ll be u sed in su ch m a n n er a s t o m in -
i m i ze d u s t e x p l o s i o n h a za r d s .
(f ) P e r o x i d e s a n d c h l o r a t e s s h a l l n o t
be u sed.
(v ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l s w i t c h e s , c o n t r o l s ,
m ot or s, a n d ligh t s loca t ed in t h e m ix-
i n g r o o m s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s i n s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t fo r
Cl a s s I I , D i v i s i o n 2 l o c a t i o n s ; o t h e r w i s e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h ey sh a ll be loca t ed ou t side t h e m ix-
i n g r o o m . T h e fr a m e o f t h e m i x e r a n d
a ll ot h er equ ipm en t t h a t m a y be u sed
sh a ll be elect r ica lly bon ded a n d be pr o-
vided wit h a con t in u ou s pa t h t o t h e
gr ou n d.
(v i ) S a fe t y p r e c a u t i o n s a t m i x i n g
pla n t s sh a ll in clu de t h e r equ ir em en t s
of t h is su bdivision .
(a ) F l o o r s s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d s o a s
t o e l i m i n a t e fl o o r d r a i n s a n d p i p i n g
i n t o w h i c h m o l t e n m a t e r i a l s c o u l d fl o w
a n d b e c o n fi n e d i n c a s e o f fi r e .
(b) T h e fl o o r s a n d e q u i p m e n t o f t h e
m ixin g a n d pa ck a gin g r oom sh a ll be
clea n ed r egu la r ly a n d t h or ou gh ly t o
p r e v e n t a c c u m u l a t i o n o f o x i d i ze r s o r
fu e l s a n d o t h e r s e n s i t i ze r s .
(c) T h e e n t i r e m i x i n g a n d p a c k a g i n g
pla n t sh a ll be clea n ed r egu la r ly a n d
t h or ou gh ly t o pr even t excessive a ccu -
m u la t ion of du st .
(d ) S m o k i n g , m a t c h e s , o p e n fl a m e s ,
s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g d e v i c e s , a n d fi r e a r m s
(e x c e p t fi r e a r m s c a r r i e d b y g u a r d s )
sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed in side of or
w i t h i n 50 fe e t o f a n y b u i l d i n g o r fa c i l -
i t y u s e d fo r t h e m i x i n g o f b l a s t i n g
a gen t s.
(e) T h e l a n d s u r r o u n d i n g t h e m i x i n g
pla n t sh a ll be k ept clea r of br u sh , dr ied
g r a s s , l e a v e s , a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l s fo r a
d i s t a n c e o f a t l e a s t 25 fe e t .
(f ) E m p t y a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e b a g s
s h a l l b e d i s p o s e d o f d a i l y i n a s a fe m a n -
n er .
(g) N o w e l d i n g s h a l l b e p e r m i t t e d o r
o p e n fl a m e s u s e d i n o r a r o u n d t h e m i x -
in g or st or a ge a r ea of t h e pla n t u n less
t h e equ ipm en t or a r ea h a s been com -
p l e t e l y w a s h e d d o w n a n d a l l o x i d i ze r
m a t er ia l r em oved.
(h ) B e fo r e w e l d i n g o r r e p a i r s t o h o l -
l o w s h a ft s , a l l o x i d i ze r m a t e r i a l s h a l l
b e r e m o v e d fr o m t h e o u t s i d e a n d i n s i d e
o f t h e s h a ft a n d t h e s h a ft v e n t e d w i t h
a m i n i m u m o n e -h a l f i n c h d i a m e t e r
open in g.
(i) E x p l o s i v e s s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d
i n s i d e o f o r w i t h i n 50 fe e t o f a n y b u i l d -
i n g o r fa c i l i t y u s e d fo r t h e m i x i n g o f
bla st in g a gen t s.
(3) B u lk d eliv ery a n d m ix in g v eh icles.
(i ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h
s h a l l a p p l y t o o ff-h i g h w a y p r i v a t e o p e r -
a t ion s a s well a s t o a ll pu blic h igh wa y
m ovem en t s.
(i i ) A b u l k v e h i c l e b o d y fo r d e l i v e r i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n d m ixin g bla st in g a gen t s sh a ll con -
289
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00299 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.109
fo r m w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
p a r a g r a p h (i i ).
(a ) T h e b o d y s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d o f
n on com bu st ible m a t er ia ls.
(b) V e h i c l e s u s e d t o t r a n s p o r t b u l k
pr em ixed bla st in g a gen t s on pu blic
h igh wa y s sh a ll h a ve closed bodies.
(c) A l l m o v i n g p a r t s o f t h e m i x i n g
sy st em sh a ll be design ed a s t o pr even t
a h e a t b u i l d u p . S h a ft s o r a x l e s w h i c h
con t a ct t h e pr odu ct sh a ll h a ve ou t -
b o a r d b e a r i n g s w i t h 1-i n c h m i n i m u m
clea r a n ce bet ween t h e bea r in gs a n d t h e
ou t side of t h e pr odu ct con t a in er . P a r -
t icu la r a t t en t ion sh a ll be given t o t h e
clea r a n ces on a ll m ovin g pa r t s.
(d ) A b u l k d e l i v e r y v e h i c l e s h a l l b e
st r on g en ou gh t o ca r r y t h e loa d wit h -
o u t d i ffi c u l t y a n d b e i n g o o d m e c h a n -
ica l con dit ion .
(i i i ) Op e r a t i o n o f b u l k d e l i v e r y v e h i -
c l e s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
of t h is su bdivision . T h ese in clu de t h e
p l a c a r d i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a s s p e c i fi e d b y
Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion .
(a ) T h e o p e r a t o r s h a l l b e t r a i n e d i n
t h e s a fe o p e r a t i o n o f t h e v e h i c l e t o -
get h er wit h it s m ixin g, con vey in g, a n d
r ela t ed equ ipm en t . T h e em ploy er sh a ll
a s s u r e t h a t t h e o p e r a t o r i s fa m i l i a r
wit h t h e com m odit ies bein g deliver ed
a n d t h e g e n e r a l p r o c e d u r e fo r h a n d l i n g
em er gen cy sit u a t ion s.
(b) T h e h a u l i n g o f e i t h e r b l a s t i n g
ca ps or ot h er explosives bu t n ot bot h ,
sh a ll be per m it t ed on bu lk t r u ck s pr o-
vided t h a t a specia l wood or n on -
fe r r o u s -l i n e d c o n t a i n e r i s i n s t a l l e d fo r
t h e explosives. S u ch bla st in g ca ps or
o t h e r e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e i n D OT -s p e c i -
fi e d s h i p p i n g c o n t a i n e r s : s e e 49 CF R
ch a pt er I.
(c) N o p e r s o n s h a l l s m o k e , c a r r y
m a t c h e s o r a n y fl a m e -p r o d u c i n g d e -
v i c e , o r c a r r y a n y fi r e a r m s w h i l e i n o r
a b o u t b u l k v e h i c l e s e ffe c t i n g t h e m i x -
i n g t r a n s fe r o r d o w n -t h e -h o l e l o a d i n g
of bla st in g a gen t s a t or n ea r t h e bla st -
in g sit e.
(d ) Ca u t i o n s h a l l b e e x e r c i s e d i n t h e
m ovem en t of t h e veh icle in t h e bla st -
in g a r ea t o a void dr ivin g t h e veh icle
o v e r o r d r a g g i n g h o s e s o v e r fi r i n g l i n e s ,
ca p wir es, or explosive m a t er ia ls. T h e
em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t t h e dr iver ,
in m ovin g t h e veh icle, h a s a ssist a n ce of
a secon d per son t o gu ide h is m ove-
m en t s.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(e) N o i n t r a n s i t m i x i n g o f m a t e r i a l s pu blic h igh wa y s, in a ccor da n ce wit h

s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d . T a b l e -21 a n d s e p a r a t i o n fr o m o t h e r
(i v ) P n e u m a t i c l o a d i n g fr o m b u l k d e - bla st in g a gen t st or a ge a n d explosives
liver y veh icles in t o bla st h oles pr im ed s t o r a g e s h a l l b e i n c o n fo r m i t y w i t h
wit h elect r ic bla st in g ca ps or ot h er T a b l e H –22.
s t a t i c -s e n s i t i v e s y s t e m s s h a l l c o n fo r m (v i ) B i n s c o n t a i n i n g a m m o n i u m n i -
t o t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is su bdivision . t r a t e s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m b l a s t i n g
(a ) A p o s i t i v e g r o u n d i n g d e v i c e s h a l l a gen t st or a ge a n d explosives st or a ge in
be u sed t o pr even t t h e a ccu m u la t ion of c o n fo r m i t y w i t h T a b l e H –22.
st a t ic elect r icit y .
(b) A d i s c h a r g e h o s e s h a l l b e u s e d TABLE H–22—TABLE OF RECOMMENDED SEPA-
t h a t h a s a r esist a n ce r a n ge t h a t will RATION DISTANCES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE
pr even t con du ct in g st r a y cu r r en t s, bu t AND BLASTING AGENTS FROM EXPLOSIVES OR
t h a t i s c o n d u c t i v e e n o u g h t o b l e e d o ff BLASTING AGENTS 1–6
st a t ic bu ildu p.
Donor weight Minimum separation
(c) A q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n s h a l l e v a l u a t e Minimum
distance of receptor thickness
a ll sy st em s t o det er m in e if t h ey will when barricaded 2 (ft.) of artificial
a dequ a t ely dissipa t e st a t ic u n der po- Pounds Pounds barri-
Ammo-
over not over Blasting cades 5
t e n t i a l fi e l d c o n d i t i o n s . nium ni- agent 4 (in.)
trate 3
(v ) R e p a i r s t o b u l k d e l i v e r y v e h i c l e s
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 100 3 11 12
t h is sect ion . 100 300 4 14 12
300 600 5 18 12
(a ) N o w e l d i n g o r o p e n fl a m e s s h a l l
600 1,000 6 22 12
be u sed on or a r ou n d a n y pa r t of t h e 1,000 1,600 7 25 12
deliver y equ ipm en t u n less it h a s been 1,600 2,000 8 29 12
com plet ely wa sh ed down a n d a ll oxi- 2,000 3,000 9 32 15
d i ze r m a t e r i a l r e m o v e d . 3,000 4,000 10 36 15
4,000 6,000 11 40 15
(b) B e fo r e w e l d i n g o r m a k i n g r e p a i r s 6,000 8,000 12 43 20
t o h o l l o w s h a ft s , t h e s h a ft s h a l l b e 8,000 10,000 13 47 20
t h or ou gh ly clea n ed in side a n d ou t a n d 10,000 12,000 14 50 20
v e n t e d w i t h a m i n i m u m o n e -h a l f-i n c h 12,000 16,000 15 54 25
dia m et er open in g. 16,000 20,000 16 58 25
20,000 25,000 18 65 25
(4) B u lk st ora ge bin s. (i ) T h e b i n , i n - 25,000 30,000 19 68 30
clu din g su ppor t s, sh a ll be con st r u ct ed 30,000 35,000 20 72 30
o f c o m p a t i b l e m a t e r i a l s , w a t e r p r o o f, 35,000 40,000 21 76 30
a n d a dequ a t ely su ppor t ed a n d br a ced 40,000 45,000 22 79 35
45,000 50,000 23 83 35
t o wit h st a n d t h e com bin a t ion of a ll
50,000 55,000 24 86 35
l o a d s i n c l u d i n g i m p a c t fo r c e s a r i s i n g 55,000 60,000 25 90 35
fr o m p r o d u c t m o v e m e n t w i t h i n t h e b i n 60,000 70,000 26 94 40
a n d a cciden t a l veh icle con t a ct wit h t h e 70,000 80,000 28 101 40
su ppor t legs. 80,000 90,000 30 108 40
90,000 100,000 32 115 40
(i i ) T h e b i n d i s c h a r g e g a t e s h a l l b e 100,000 120,000 34 122 50
design ed t o pr ovide a closu r e t igh t 120,000 140,000 37 133 50
en ou gh t o pr even t lea k a ge of t h e 140,000 160,000 40 144 50
st or ed pr odu ct . P r ovision sh a ll a lso be 160,000 180,000 44 158 50
m a de so t h a t t h e ga t e ca n be lock ed. 180,000 200,000 48 173 50
200,000 220,000 52 187 60
(i i i ) B i n l o a d i n g m a n w a y s o r a c c e s s 220,000 250,000 56 202 60
h a t ch es sh a ll be h in ged or ot h er wise 250,000 275,000 60 216 60
a t t a ch ed t o t h e bin a n d be design ed t o 275,000 300,000 64 230 60
per m it lock in g. 1 These distances apply to the separation of stores only.

(i v ) A n y e l e c t r i c a l l y d r i v e n c o n - Table H–21 shall be used in determining separation distances

v e y o r s fo r l o a d i n g o r u n l o a d i n g b i n s
s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t . T h ey sh a ll be
d e s i g n e d t o m i n i m i ze d a m a g e fr o m c o r -
r osion .
(v ) B i n s c o n t a i n i n g b l a s t i n g a g e n t
sh a ll be loca t ed, wit h r espect t o in h a b-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and public high-
ways.
2 When the ammonium nitrate and/or blasting agent is not
barricaded, the distances shown in the table shall be multi-
plied by six. These distances allow for the possibility of high
velocity metal fragments from mixers, hoppers, truck bodies,
sheet metal structures, metal container, and the like which
may enclose the ‘‘donor’’. Where storage is in bullet-resistant
magazines recommended for explosives or where the storage
is protected by a bullet-resistant wall, distances, and barricade

thicknesses in excess of those prescribed in Table H–21 are

it ed bu ildin gs, pa ssen ger r a ilr oa ds, a n d not required.

290

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
3 The distances in the table apply to ammonium nitrate that
passes the insensitivity test prescribed in the definition of am-
monium nitrate fertilizer promulgated by the National Plant
Food Institute*; and ammonium nitrate failing to pass said test
shall be stored at separation distances determined by com-
petent persons. (*Definition and Test Procedures for Ammo-
nium Nitrate Fertilizer, National Plant Food Institute, Novem-
ber 1964.)
4 These distances apply to nitro-carbo-nitrates and blasting
agents which pass the insensitivity test prescribed in the U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations.
5 Earth, or sand dikes, or enclosures filled with the pre-
scribed minimum thickness of earth or sand are acceptable
artificial barricades. Natural barricades, such as hills or timber
of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which re-
quire protection cannot be seen from the ‘‘donor’’ when the
trees are bare of leaves, are also acceptable.
6 When the ammonium nitrate must be counted in deter-
mining the distances to be maintained from inhabited build-
ings, passenger railways and public highways, it may be
counted at one-half its actual weight because its blast effect is
lower.
NOTE 7: Guide to use of table of recommended separation
distances of ammonium nitrate and blasting agents from ex-
plosives or blasting agents.
(a) Sketch location of all potential donor and acceptor mate-
rials together with the maximum mass of material to be al-
lowed in that vicinity. (Potential donors are high explosives,
blasting agents, and combination of masses of detonating ma-
terials. Potential acceptors are high explosives, blasting
agents, and ammonium nitrate.)
(b) Consider separately each donor mass in combination
with each acceptor mass. If the masses are closer than table
allowance (distances measured between nearest edges), the
combination of masses becomes a new potential donor of
weight equal to the total mass. When individual masses are
considered as donors, distances to potential acceptors shall
be measured between edges. When combined masses within
propagating distance of each other are considered as a
donor, the appropriate distance to the edge of potential ac-
ceptors shall be computed as a weighted distance from the
combined masses.
Calculation of weighted distance from combined masses:
Let M2, M3 . . . Mn be donor masses to be combined.
M1 is a potential acceptor mass.
D12 is distance from M1 to M2 (edge to edge).
D13 is distance from M1 to M3 (edge to edge), etc.
To find weighted distance [D1(2,3 . . . n)] from combined
masses to M1, add the products of the individual masses and
distances and divide the total by the sum of the masses thus:
D1(2, 3 . . . n)=M2×D12+M3×D12 . . . +Mn×D12M2+M3 . . .
+Mn
Propagation is possible if either an individual donor mass is
less than the tabulated distance from an acceptor or a com-
bined mass is less than the weighted distance from an accep-
tor.
(c) In determining the distances separating highways, rail-
roads, and inhabited buildings from potential explosions (as
prescribed in Table H–21), the sum of all masses which may
propagate (i.e., lie at distances less than prescribed in the
Table) from either individual or combined donor masses are
included. However, when the ammonium nitrate must be in-
cluded, only 50 percent of its weight shall be used because of
its reduced blast effects. In applying Table H–21 to distances
from highways, railroads, and inhabited buildings, distances
are measured from the nearest edge of potentially explodable
material as prescribed in Table H–21, Note 5.
(d) When all or part of a potential acceptor comprises Ex-
plosives Class A as defined in DOT regulations, storage in
bullet-resistant magazines is required. Safe distances to
stores in bullet-resistant magazines may be obtained from the
intermagazine distances prescribed in Table H–21.
(e) Barricades must not have line-of-sight openings be-
tween potential donors and acceptors which permit blast or
missiles to move directly between masses.
(f) Good housekeeping practices shall be maintained
around any bin containing ammonium nitrate or blasting
agent. This includes keeping weeds and other combustible
materials cleared within 25 feet of such bin. Accumulation of
spilled product on the ground shall be prevented.
(5) S t ora ge of bla st in g a gen t s a n d su p -
p lies. (i ) B l a s t i n g a g e n t s a n d o x i d i ze r s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
u s e d fo r m i x i n g o f b l a s t i n g a g e n t s s h a l l
291
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§ 1910.109
b e s t o r e d i n t h e m a n n e r s e t fo r t h i n
t h is su bdivision .
(a ) B l a s t i n g a g e n t s o r a m m o n i u m n i -
t r a t e, wh en st or ed in con ju n ct ion wit h
explosives, sh a ll be st or ed in t h e m a n -
n e r s e t fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n fo r e x p l o s i v e s . T h e m a s s o f
b l a s t i n g a g e n t s a n d o n e -h a l f t h e m a s s
of a m m on iu m n it r a t e sh a ll be in clu ded
wh en com pu t in g t h e t ot a l qu a n t it y of
e x p l o s i v e s fo r d e t e r m i n i n g d i s t a n c e r e -
qu ir em en t s.
(b) B l a s t i n g a g e n t s , w h e n s t o r e d e n -
t i r e l y s e p a r a t e fr o m e x p l o s i v e s , m a y b e
s t o r e d i n t h e m a n n e r s e t fo r t h i n p a r a -
g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n o r i n o n e -s t o r y
w a r e h o u s e s (w i t h o u t b a s e m e n t s ) w h i c h
sh a ll be:
(1) N o n c o m b u s t i b l e o r fi r e r e s i s t i v e ;
(2) Co n s t r u c t e d s o a s t o e l i m i n a t e
o p e n fl o o r d r a i n s a n d p i p i n g i n t o w h i c h
m o l t e n m a t e r i a l s c o u l d fl o w a n d b e
c o n fi n e d i n c a s e o f fi r e ;
(3) We a t h e r r e s i s t a n t ;
(4) We l l v e n t i l a t e d ; a n d
(5) E q u i p p e d w i t h a s t r o n g d o o r k e p t
s e c u r e l y l o c k e d e x c e p t w h e n o p e n fo r
bu sin ess.
(c) S e m i t r a i l e r o r fu l l -t r a i l e r v a n s
u s e d fo r h i g h w a y o r o n s i t e t r a n s p o r -
t a t ion of t h e bla st in g a gen t s a r e sa t is-
fa c t o r y fo r t e m p o r a r i l y s t o r i n g t h e s e
m a t er ia ls, pr ovided t h ey a r e loca t ed in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –22 w i t h r e -
spect t o on e a n ot h er . T r a iler s sh a ll be
p r o v i d e d w i t h s u b s t a n t i a l m e a n s fo r
lock in g, a n d t h e t r a iler door s sh a ll be
k ept lock ed, except du r in g t h e t im e of
pla cem en t a n d r em ova l of st ock s of
bla st in g a gen t s.
(i i ) Wa r e h o u s e s u s e d fo r t h e s t o r a g e
o f b l a s t i n g a g e n t s s e p a r a t e fr o m e x p l o -
s i v e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a s s e t fo r t h i n
t h is su bdivision .
(a ) Wa r e h o u s e s u s e d fo r t h e s t o r a g e
of bla st in g a gen t s sh a ll be loca t ed in
T a b l e H –22 w i t h r e s p e c t t o o n e a n o t h e r .
(b) I f b o t h b l a s t i n g a g e n t s a n d a m m o -
n iu m n it r a t e a r e h a n dled or st or ed
wit h in t h e dist a n ce lim it a t ion s pr e-
s c r i b e d t h r o u g h p a r a g r a p h (g )(2) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n , o n e -h a l f t h e m a s s o f t h e a m -
m on iu m n it r a t e sh a ll be a dded t o t h e
m a ss of t h e bla st in g a gen t wh en com -
pu t in g t h e t ot a l qu a n t it y of explosives
fo r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p r o p e r d i s t a n c e fo r
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –21.
(i i i ) S m o k i n g , m a t c h e s , o p e n fl a m e s ,
s p a r k p r o d u c i n g d e v i c e s , a n d fi r e a r m s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
a r e p r o h i b i t e d i n s i d e o f o r w i t h i n 50
fe e t o f a n y w a r e h o u s e u s e d fo r t h e s t o r -
a g e o f b l a s t i n g a g e n t s . Co m b u s t i b l e
m a t e r i a l s s h a l l n o t b e s t o r e d w i t h i n 50
fe e t o f w a r e h o u s e s u s e d fo r t h e s t o r a g e
of bla st in g a gen t s.
(i v ) T h e i n t e r i o r o f w a r e h o u s e s u s e d
fo r t h e s t o r a g e o f b l a s t i n g a g e n t s s h a l l
b e k e p t c l e a n a n d fr e e fr o m d e b r i s a n d
em pt y con t a in er s. S pilled m a t er ia ls
s h a l l b e c l e a n e d u p p r o m p t l y a n d s a fe l y
r e m o v e d . Co m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l s , fl a m -
m a ble liqu ids, cor r osive a cids, ch lor -
a t es, or n it r a t es sh a ll n ot be st or ed in
a n y w a r e h o u s e u s e d fo r b l a s t i n g a g e n t s
u n l e s s s e p a r a t e d t h e r e fr o m b y a fi r e r e -
sist ive sepa r a t ion of n ot less t h a n 1
h ou r r esist a n ce. T h e pr ovision s of t h is
su bdivision sh a ll n ot pr oh ibit t h e st or -
a ge of bla st in g a gen t s t oget h er wit h
n on explosive bla st in g su pplies.
(v ) P i l e s o f a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e a n d
wa r eh ou ses con t a in in g a m m on iu m n i-
t r a t e sh a ll be a dequ a t ely sepa r a t ed
fr o m r e a d i l y c o m b u s t i b l e fu e l s .
(v i ) Ca k e d o x i d i ze r s , e i t h e r i n b a g s o r
in bu lk , sh a ll n ot be loosen ed by bla st -
in g.
(v i i ) E v e r y w a r e h o u s e u s e d fo r t h e
st or a ge of bla st in g a gen t s sh a ll be
u n der t h e su per vision of a com pet en t
per son .
(6) T ra n sp ort a t ion of p a ck a ged bla st in g
a gen t s. (i ) Wh e n b l a s t i n g a g e n t s a r e
t r a n spor t ed in t h e sa m e veh icle wit h
explosives, a ll of t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e
com plied wit h .
(i i ) V e h i c l e s t r a n s p o r t i n g b l a s t i n g
a gen t s sh a ll on ly be dr iven by a n d be in
ch a r ge of a dr iver in possession of a
v a l i d m o t o r v e h i c l e o p e r a t o r ’s l i c e n s e .
S u c h a p e r s o n s h a l l a l s o b e fa m i l i a r
w i t h t h e S t a t e ’s v e h i c l e a n d t r a ffi c
la ws.
(i i i ) N o m a t c h e s , fi r e a r m s , a c i d s , o r
ot h er cor r osive liqu ids sh a ll be ca r r ied
in t h e bed or body of a n y veh icle con -
t a in in g bla st in g a gen t s.
(i v ) N o p e r s o n s h a l l b e p e r m i t t e d t o
r ide u pon , dr ive, loa d, or u n loa d a veh i-
cle con t a in in g bla st in g a gen t s wh ile
s m o k i n g o r u n d e r t h e i n fl u e n c e o f i n -
t oxica n t s, n a r cot ics, or ot h er da n -
ger ou s dr u gs.
(v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v i ) V e h i c l e s t r a n s p o r t i n g b l a s t i n g
a g e n t s s h a l l b e i n s a fe o p e r a t i n g c o n d i -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t ion a t a ll t im es.
292
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(7) U se of bla st in g a gen t s. P e r s o n s
u sin g bla st in g a gen t s sh a ll com ply
wit h a ll of t h e a pplica ble pr ovision s of
p a r a g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(h ) W a t er gel (S lu rry ) ex p losiv es a n d
bla st in g a gen t s—(1) Gen era l p rov ision s.
U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s e t fo r t h i n t h i s p a r a -
gr a ph , wa t er gels sh a ll be t r a n spor t ed,
st or ed a n d u sed in t h e sa m e m a n n er a s
explosives or bla st in g a gen t s in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h t h e c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f t h e
pr odu ct .
(2) T y p es a n d cla ssif ica t ion s. (i ) Wa t e r
gels con t a in in g a su bst a n ce in it self
c l a s s i fi e d a s a n e x p l o s i v e s h a l l b e c l a s -
s i fi e d a s a n e x p l o s i v e a n d m a n u fa c -
t u r ed, t r a n spor t ed, st or ed, a n d u sed a s
s p e c i fi e d fo r ‘‘e x p l o s i v e s ’’ i n t h i s s e c -
t i o n , e x c e p t a s n o t e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i v )
of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) Wa t e r g e l s c o n t a i n i n g n o s u b -
s t a n c e i n i t s e l f c l a s s i fi e d a s a n e x p l o -
s i v e a n d w h i c h a r e c a p -s e n s i t i v e a s d e -
fi n e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
u n d e r B l a s t i n g A g e n t s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d
a s a n e x p l o s i v e a n d m a n u fa c t u r e d ,
t r a n spor t ed, st or ed a n d u sed a s speci-
fi e d fo r ‘‘e x p l o s i v e s ’’ i n t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i i ) Wa t e r g e l s c o n t a i n i n g n o s u b -
s t a n c e i n i t s e l f c l a s s i fi e d a s a n e x p l o -
s i v e a n d w h i c h a r e n o t c a p -s e n s i t i v e a s
d e fi n e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
u n d e r B l a s t i n g A g e n t s h a l l b e c l a s s i fi e d
a s b l a s t i n g a g e n t s a n d m a n u fa c t u r e d ,
t r a n spor t ed, st or ed, a n d u sed a s speci-
fi e d fo r ‘‘b l a s t i n g a g e n t s ’’ i n t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i v ) Wh e n t e s t s o n s p e c i fi c fo r m u l a -
t ion s of wa t er gels r esu lt in Depa r t -
m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n c l a s s i fi c a t i o n
a s a Cl a s s B e x p l o s i v e , b u l l e t -r e s i s t a n t
m a g a zi n e s a r e n o t r e q u i r e d , s e e p a r a -
g r a p h (c )(2)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(3) F ix ed loca t ion m ix in g.
(i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) B u i l d i n g s u s e d fo r t h e m i x i n g o f
w a t e r g e l s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of t h is su bdivision .
(a ) B u i l d i n g s s h a l l b e o f n o n c o m b u s -
t ible con st r u ct ion or sh eet m et a l on
wood st u ds.
(b) F l o o r s i n a m i x i n g p l a n t s h a l l b e
of con cr et e or of ot h er n on a bsor ben t
m a t er ia ls.
(c) Wh e r e fu e l o i l i s u s e d a l l fu e l o i l
s t o r a g e fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d
fr o m t h e m i x i n g p l a n t a n d l o c a t e d i n
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
su ch a m a n n er t h a t in ca se of t a n k r u p-
t u r e , t h e o i l w i l l d r a i n a w a y fr o m t h e
m ixin g pla n t bu ildin g.
(d ) T h e b u i l d i n g s h a l l b e w e l l v e n t i -
la t ed.
(e) H e a t i n g u n i t s t h a t d o n o t d e p e n d
on com bu st ion pr ocesses, wh en pr op-
er ly design ed a n d loca t ed, m a y be u sed
in t h e bu ildin g. All dir ect sou r ces of
h e a t s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d e x c l u s i v e l y fr o m
u n it s loca t ed ou t side of t h e m ixin g
bu ildin g.
(f ) A l l i n t e r n a l -c o m b u s t i o n e n g i n e s
u s e d fo r e l e c t r i c p o w e r g e n e r a t i o n s h a l l
be loca t ed ou t side t h e m ixin g pla n t
bu ildin g, or sh a ll be pr oper ly ven t i-
l a t e d a n d i s o l a t e d b y a fi r e w a l l . T h e e x -
h a u st sy st em s on a ll su ch en gin es sh a ll
be loca t ed so a n y spa r k em ission ca n -
n o t b e a h a za r d t o a n y m a t e r i a l s i n o r
a dja cen t t o t h e pla n t .
(i i i ) I n g r e d i e n t s o f w a t e r g e l s s h a l l
c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
su bdivision .
(a ) I n g r e d i e n t s i n t h e m s e l v e s c l a s s i -
fi e d a s Cl a s s A o r Cl a s s B e x p l o s i v e s
s h a l l b e s t o r e d i n c o n fo r m i t y w i t h
p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) N i t r a t e -w a t e r s o l u t i o n s m a y b e
st or ed in t a n k ca r s, t a n k t r u ck s, or
fi x e d t a n k s w i t h o u t q u a n t i t y o r d i s -
t a n ce lim it a t ion s. S pills or lea k s wh ich
m a y con t a m in a t e com bu st ible m a t e-
r ia ls sh a ll be clea n ed u p im m edia t ely .
(c) M e t a l p o w d e r s s u c h a s a l u m i n u m
sh a ll be k ept dr y a n d sh a ll be st or ed in
con t a in er s or bin s wh ich a r e m oist u r e-
r e s i s t a n t o r w e a t h e r t i g h t . S o l i d fu e l s
sh a ll be u sed in su ch m a n n er a s t o m in -
i m i ze d u s t e x p l o s i o n h a za r d s .
(d ) I n g r e d i e n t s s h a l l n o t b e s t o r e d
wit h in com pa t ible m a t er ia ls.
(e) P e r o x i d e s a n d c h l o r a t e s s h a l l n o t
be u sed.
(i v ) M i x i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l c o m p l y
wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is su bdivi-
sion .
(a ) T h e d e s i g n o f t h e p r o c e s s i n g
equ ipm en t , in clu din g m ixin g a n d con -
vey in g equ ipm en t , sh a ll be com pa t ible
wit h t h e r ela t ive sen sit ivit y of t h e m a -
t er ia ls bein g h a n dled. E qu ipm en t sh a ll
b e d e s i g n e d t o m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y
o f fr i c t i o n a l h e a t i n g , c o m p a c t i o n , o v e r -
l o a d i n g , a n d c o n fi n e m e n t .
(b) B o t h e q u i p m e n t a n d h a n d l i n g p r o -
cedu r es sh a ll be design ed t o pr even t
t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f fo r e i g n o b j e c t s o r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a t er ia ls.
293
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§ 1910.109
(c) M i x e r s , p u m p s , v a l v e s , a n d r e l a t e d
equ ipm en t sh a ll be design ed t o per m it
r e g u l a r a n d p e r i o d i c fl u s h i n g , c l e a n i n g ,
dism a n t lin g, a n d in spect ion .
(d ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t i n c l u d i n g
wir in g, swit ch es, con t r ols, m ot or s, a n d
l i g h t s , s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s of su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(e) A l l e l e c t r i c m o t o r s a n d g e n e r a t o r s
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h su it a ble over -
loa d pr ot ect ion devices. E lect r ica l gen -
er a t or s, m ot or s, pr opor t ion in g devices,
a n d a ll ot h er elect r ica l en closu r es sh a ll
be elect r ica lly bon ded. T h e gr ou n din g
con du ct or t o a ll su ch elect r ica l equ ip-
m e n t s h a l l b e e ffe c t i v e l y b o n d e d t o t h e
s e r v i c e -e n t r a n c e gr ou n d con n ect ion
a n d t o a ll equ ipm en t gr ou n d con n ec-
t ion s in a m a n n er so a s t o pr ovide a
con t in u ou s pa t h t o gr ou n d.
(v ) M i x i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l c o m p l y
w i t h t h e fi r e p r e v e n t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s
of t h is su bdivision .
(a ) T h e m i x i n g , l o a d i n g , a n d i n g r e -
d i e n t t r a n s fe r a r e a s w h e r e r e s i d u e s o r
spilled m a t er ia ls m a y a ccu m u la t e sh a ll
be clea n ed per iodica lly . A clea n in g a n d
c o l l e c t i o n s y s t e m fo r d a n g e r o u s r e s i -
du es sh a ll be pr ovided. ,
(b) A d a i l y v i s u a l i n s p e c t i o n s h a l l b e
m a de of m ixin g, con vey in g, a n d elec-
t r ica l equ ipm en t t o est a blish t h a t su ch
equ ipm en t is in good oper a t in g con di-
t ion . A pr ogr a m of sy st em a t ic m a in t e-
n a n ce sh a ll be con du ct ed on r egu la r
sch edu le.
(c) H e a t e r s w h i c h a r e n o t d e p e n d e n t
on t h e com bu st ion pr ocess wit h in t h e
h ea t in g u n it m a y be u sed wit h in t h e
c o n fi n e s o f p r o c e s s i n g b u i l d i n g s , o r
com pa r t m en t s, if pr ovided wit h t em -
p e r a t u r e a n d s a fe t y c o n t r o l s a n d l o -
c a t e d a w a y fr o m c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l s
a n d t h e fi n i s h e d p r o d u c t .
(4) B u lk d eliv ery a n d m ix in g v eh icles.
(i ) T h e d e s i g n o f v e h i c l e s s h a l l c o m p l y
wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is su bdivi-
sion .
(a ) V e h i c l e s u s e d o v e r p u b l i c h i g h -
w a y s fo r t h e b u l k t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f
w a t e r g e l s o r o f i n g r e d i e n t s c l a s s i fi e d
a s da n ger ou s com m odit ies, sh a ll m eet
t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h e Depa r t m en t of
T r a n spor t a t ion a n d sh a ll m eet t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (d ) a n d (g )(6)
of t h is sect ion .
(b) Wh e n e l e c t r i c p o w e r i s s u p p l i e d b y
a s e l f-c o n t a i n e d m o t o r g e n e r a t o r l o -
ca t ed on t h e veh icle t h e gen er a t or
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
s h a l l b e a t a p o i n t s e p a r a t e fr o m w h e r e
t h e wa t er gel is disch a r ged.
(c) T h e d e s i g n o f p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p -
m en t a n d gen er a l r equ ir em en t s sh a ll
c o n fo r m t o s u b p a r a g r a p h s (3) (i i i ) a n d
(i v ) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
(d ) A p o s i t i v e a c t i o n p a r k i n g b r a k e ,
wh ich will set t h e wh eel br a k es on a t
lea st on e a xle sh a ll be pr ovided on ve-
h icles wh en equ ipped wit h a ir br a k es
a n d sh a ll be u sed du r in g bu lk deliver y
o p e r a t i o n s . Wh e e l c h o c k s s h a l l s u p p l e -
m en t pa r k in g br a k es wh en ever con di-
t ion s m a y r equ ir e.
(i i ) Op e r a t i o n o f b u l k d e l i v e r y a n d
m ixin g veh icles sh a ll com ply wit h t h e
r equ ir em en t s of t h is su bdivision .
(a ) T h e p l a c a r d i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s c o n -
t a i n e d i n D OT r e g u l a t i o n s a p p l y t o v e -
h icles ca r r y in g wa t er gel explosives or
bla st in g a gen t s.
(b) T h e o p e r a t o r s h a l l b e t r a i n e d i n
t h e s a fe o p e r a t i o n o f t h e v e h i c l e t o -
get h er wit h it s m ixin g, con vey in g, a n d
r e l a t e d e q u i p m e n t . H e s h a l l b e fa m i l i a r
wit h t h e com m odit ies bein g deliver ed
a n d t h e g e n e r a l p r o c e d u r e fo r h a n d l i n g
em er gen cy sit u a t ion s.
(c) T h e h a u l i n g o f e i t h e r b l a s t i n g
ca ps or ot h er explosives, bu t n ot bot h ,
sh a ll be per m it t ed on bu lk t r u ck s pr o-
vided t h a t a specia l wood or n on -
fe r r o u s -l i n e d c o n t a i n e r i s i n s t a l l e d fo r
t h e explosives. S u ch bla st in g ca ps or
o t h e r e x p l o s i v e s s h a l l b e i n D OT -s p e c i -
fi e d s h i p p i n g c o n t a i n e r s ; s e e 49 CF R
ch a pt er I.
(d ) N o p e r s o n s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o
s m o k e , c a r r y m a t c h e s o r a n y fl a m e -
p r o d u c i n g d e v i c e , o r c a r r y a n y fi r e a r m s
w h i l e i n o r a b o u t b u l k v e h i c l e s e ffe c t -
i n g t h e m i x i n g , t r a n s fe r , o r d o w n -t h e -
h ole loa din g of wa t er gels a t or n ea r
t h e bla st in g sit e.
(e) Ca u t i o n s h a l l b e e x e r c i s e d i n t h e
m ovem en t of t h e veh icle in t h e bla st -
in g a r ea t o a void dr ivin g t h e veh icle
o v e r o r d r a g g i n g h o s e s o v e r fi r i n g l i n e s ,
ca p wir es, or explosive m a t er ia ls. T h e
e m p l o y e r s h a l l fu r n i s h t h e d r i v e r t h e
a ssist a n ce of a secon d per son t o gu ide
t h e d r i v e r ’s m o v e m e n t s .
(f ) N o i n t r a n s i t m i x i n g o f m a t e r i a l s
s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d .
(g) T h e l o c a t i o n c h o s e n fo r w a t e r g e l
o r i n g r e d i e n t t r a n s fe r fr o m a s u p p o r t
veh icle in t o t h e bor eh ole loa din g veh i-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
c l e s h a l l b e a w a y fr o m t h e b l a s t h o l e
294
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
sit e wh en t h e bor eh oles a r e loa ded or
in t h e pr ocess of bein g loa ded.
(i ) S t ora ge of a m m on iu m n it ra t e—(1)
S cop e a n d d ef in it ion s. (i )(a ) E x c e p t a s
p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (i )(1)(i )(d ) o f t h i s
pa r a gr a ph a pplies t o t h e st or a ge of a m -
m o n i u m n i t r a t e i n t h e fo r m o f c r y s t a l s ,
fl a k e s , g r a i n s , o r p r i l l s i n c l u d i n g fe r -
t i l i ze r g r a d e , d y n a m i t e g r a d e , n i t r o u s
oxide gr a de, t ech n ica l gr a de, a n d ot h er
m i x t u r e s c o n t a i n i n g 60 p e r c e n t o r m o r e
a m m on iu m n it r a t e by weigh t bu t does
n ot a pply t o bla st in g a gen t s.
(b) T h i s p a r a g r a p h d o e s n o t a p p l y t o
t h e t r a n spor t a t ion of a m m on iu m n i-
t r a t e.
(c) T h i s p a r a g r a p h d o e s n o t a p p l y t o
st or a ge u n der t h e ju r isdict ion of a n d in
com plia n ce wit h t h e r egu la t ion s of t h e
U .S . Co a s t G u a r d (s e e 46 CF R p a r t s 146–
149).
(d ) T h e s t o r a g e o f a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e
a n d a m m on iu m n it r a t e m ixt u r es t h a t
a r e m or e sen sit ive t h a n a llowed by t h e
‘‘D e fi n i t i o n o f T e s t P r o c e d u r e s fo r A m -
m o n i u m N i t r a t e F e r t i l i ze r ’’ i s p r o h i b -
it ed.
(i i )(a ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(b) T h e s t a n d a r d s fo r a m m o n i u m n i -
t r a t e (n i t r o u s o x i d e g r a d e ) a r e t h o s e
fo u n d i n t h e ‘‘S p e c i fi c a t i o n s , P r o p -
e r t i e s , a n d R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r P a c k -
a gin g, T r a n spor t a t ion , S t or a ge, a n d
U s e o f A m m o n i u m N i t r a t e ’’, a v a i l a b l e
fr o m t h e Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a t i o n ,
I n c ., w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(2) Gen era l p rov ision s. (i ) T h i s p a r a -
gr a ph a pplies t o a ll per son s st or in g,
h a vin g, or k eepin g a m m on iu m n it r a t e,
a n d t o t h e own er or lessee of a n y bu ild-
in g, pr em ises, or st r u ct u r e in wh ich
a m m on iu m n it r a t e is st or ed in qu a n -
t i t i e s o f 1,000 p o u n d s o r m o r e .
(i i ) A p p r o v a l o f l a r g e q u a n t i t y s t o r -
a ge sh a ll be su bject t o du e con sider -
a t i o n o f t h e fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n h a za r d s ,
in clu din g exposu r e t o t oxic va por s
fr o m b u r n i n g o r d e c o m p o s i n g a m m o -
n iu m n it r a t e.
(i i i )(a ) S t o r a g e b u i l d i n g s s h a l l n o t
h a ve ba sem en t s u n less t h e ba sem en t s
a r e open on a t lea st on e side. S t or a ge
bu ildin gs sh a ll n ot be over on e st or y in
h eigh t .
(b) S t o r a g e b u i l d i n g s s h a l l h a v e a d e -
qu a t e ven t ila t ion or be of a con st r u c-
t i o n t h a t w i l l b e s e l f-v e n t i l a t i n g i n t h e
e v e n t o f fi r e .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(c) T h e w a l l o n t h e e x p o s e d s i d e o f a
s t o r a g e b u i l d i n g w i t h i n 50 fe e t o f a
c o m b u s t i b l e b u i l d i n g , fo r e s t , p i l e s o f
com bu st ible m a t er ia ls a n d sim ila r ex-
p o s u r e h a za r d s s h a l l b e o f fi r e -r e s i s t i v e
c o n s t r u c t i o n . I n l i e u o f t h e fi r e -r e s i s -
t ive wa ll, ot h er su it a ble m ea n s of expo-
s u r e p r o t e c t i o n s u c h a s a fr e e s t a n d i n g
wa ll m a y be u sed. T h e r oof cover in gs
s h a l l b e Cl a s s C o r b e t t e r , a s d e fi n e d i n
t h e M a n u a l o n R o o f Co v e r i n g s , N F P A
203M –1970, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(d ) A l l fl o o r i n g i n s t o r a g e a n d h a n -
dlin g a r ea s, sh a ll be of n on com bu st ible
m a t er ia l or pr ot ect ed a ga in st im pr eg-
n a t ion by a m m on iu m n it r a t e a n d sh a ll
be wit h ou t open dr a in s, t r a ps, t u n n els,
pit s, or pock et s in t o wh ich a n y m olt en
a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e c o u l d fl o w a n d b e
c o n fi n e d i n t h e e v e n t o f fi r e .
(e) T h e c o n t i n u e d u s e o f a n e x i s t i n g
st or a ge bu ildin g or st r u ct u r e n ot in
s t r i c t c o n fo r m i t y w i t h t h i s p a r a g r a p h
m a y be a ppr oved in ca ses wh er e su ch
con t in u ed u se will n ot con st it u t e a
h a za r d t o l i fe .
(f ) B u i l d i n g s a n d s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l b e
d r y a n d fr e e fr o m w a t e r s e e p a g e
t h r o u g h t h e r o o f, w a l l s , a n d fl o o r s .
(3) S t ora ge of a m m on iu m n it ra t e in
ba gs, d ru m s, or ot h er con t a in ers. (i )(a )
B a g s a n d c o n t a i n e r s u s e d fo r a m m o -
n iu m n it r a t e m u st com ply wit h speci-
fi c a t i o n s a n d s t a n d a r d s r e q u i r e d fo r u s e
i n i n t e r s t a t e c o m m e r c e (s e e 49 CF R
c h a p t e r I ).
(b) Co n t a i n e r s u s e d o n t h e p r e m i s e s
i n t h e a c t u a l m a n u fa c t u r i n g o r p r o c -
essin g n eed n ot com ply wit h pr ovision s
o f p a r a g r a p h (i )(3)(i )(a ) o f t h i s p a r a -
gr a ph .
(i i )(a ) Co n t a i n e r s o f a m m o n i u m n i -
t r a t e s h a l l n o t b e a c c e p t e d fo r s t o r a g e
wh en t h e t em per a t u r e of t h e a m m o-
n i u m n i t r a t e e x c e e d s 130 °F .
(b) B a g s o f a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e s h a l l
n o t b e s t o r e d w i t h i n 30 i n c h e s o f t h e
st or a ge bu ildin g wa lls a n d pa r t it ion s.
(c) T h e h e i g h t o f p i l e s s h a l l n o t e x -
c e e d 20 fe e t . T h e w i d t h o f p i l e s s h a l l
n o t e x c e e d 20 fe e t a n d t h e l e n g t h 50 fe e t
except t h a t wh er e t h e bu ildin g is of
n on com bu st ible con st r u ct ion or is pr o-
t ect ed by a u t om a t ic spr in k ler s t h e
len gt h of piles sh a ll n ot be lim it ed. In
n o ca se sh a ll t h e a m m on iu m n it r a t e be
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s t a c k e d c l o s e r t h a n 36 i n c h e s b e l o w t h e
295
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00305 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.109
r oof or su ppor t in g a n d spr ea der bea m s
over h ea d.
(d ) A i s l e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o s e p a -
r a t e piles by a clea r spa ce of n ot less
t h a n 3 fe e t i n w i d t h . A t l e a s t o n e s e r v -
ice or m a in a isle in t h e st or a ge a r ea
s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 4 fe e t i n w i d t h .
(4) S t ora ge of bu lk a m m on iu m n it ra t e.
(i )(a ) Wa r e h o u s e s s h a l l h a v e a d e q u a t e
ven t ila t ion or be ca pa ble of a dequ a t e
v e n t i l a t i o n i n c a s e o f fi r e .
(b) U n l e s s c o n s t r u c t e d o f n o n c o m b u s -
t i b l e m a t e r i a l o r u n l e s s a d e q u a t e fa -
c i l i t i e s fo r fi g h t i n g a r o o f fi r e a r e
a va ila ble, bu lk st or a ge st r u ct u r es sh a ll
n o t e x c e e d a h e i g h t o f 40 fe e t .
(i i )(a ) B i n s s h a l l b e c l e a n a n d fr e e o f
m a t er ia ls wh ich m a y con t a m in a t e a m -
m on iu m n it r a t e.
(b) D u e t o t h e c o r r o s i v e a n d r e a c t i v e
pr oper t ies of a m m on iu m n it r a t e, a n d
t o a v o i d c o n t a m i n a t i o n , g a l v a n i ze d
i r o n , c o p p e r , l e a d , a n d zi n c s h a l l n o t b e
u sed in a bin con st r u ct ion u n less su it -
a bly pr ot ect ed. Alu m in u m bin s a n d
wooden bin s pr ot ect ed a ga in st im pr eg-
n a t ion by a m m on iu m n it r a t e a r e per -
m issible. T h e pa r t it ion s dividin g t h e
a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e s t o r a g e fr o m o t h e r
pr odu ct s wh ich wou ld con t a m in a t e t h e
a m m on iu m n it r a t e sh a ll be of t igh t
con st r u ct ion .
(c) T h e a m m o n i u m n i t r a t e s t o r a g e
b i n s o r p i l e s s h a l l b e c l e a r l y i d e n t i fi e d
b y s i g n s r e a d i n g ‘‘A m m o n i u m N i t r a t e ’’
wit h let t er s a t lea st 2 in ch es h igh .
(i i i )(a ) P i l e s o r b i n s s h a l l b e s o s i ze d
a n d a r r a n ged t h a t a ll m a t er ia l in t h e
pile is m oved ou t per iodica lly in or der
t o m i n i m i ze p o s s i b l e c a k i n g o f t h e
st or ed a m m on iu m n it r a t e.
(b) H e i g h t o r d e p t h o f p i l e s s h a l l b e
l i m i t e d b y t h e p r e s s u r e -s e t t i n g t e n d -
en cy of t h e pr odu ct . However , in n o
ca se sh a ll t h e a m m on iu m n it r a t e be
p i l e d h i g h e r a t a n y p o i n t t h a n 36 i n c h e s
below t h e r oof or su ppor t in g a n d
spr ea der bea m s over h ea d.
(c) A m m o n i u m n i t r a t e s h a l l n o t b e
a c c e p t e d fo r s t o r a g e w h e n t h e t e m p e r a -
t u r e o f t h e p r o d u c t e x c e e d s 130 °F .
(d ) D y n a m i t e , o t h e r e x p l o s i v e s , a n d
bla st in g a gen t s sh a ll n ot be u sed t o
br ea k u p or loosen ca k ed a m m on iu m
n it r a t e.
(5) Con t a m in a n t s. (i )(a ) A m m o n i u m
n it r a t e sh a ll be in a sepa r a t e bu ildin g
or sh a ll be sepa r a t ed by a ppr oved t y pe
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.109
fi r e w a l l s o f n o t l e s s t h a n 1 h o u r fi r e -r e -
s i s t a n c e r a t i n g fr o m s t o r a g e o f o r g a n i c
ch em ica ls, a cids, or ot h er cor r osive
m a t er ia ls, m a t er ia ls t h a t m a y r equ ir e
bla st in g du r in g pr ocessin g or h a n dlin g,
c o m p r e s s e d fl a m m a b l e g a s e s , fl a m -
m a ble a n d com bu st ible m a t er ia ls or
ot h er con t a m in a t in g su bst a n ces, in -
c l u d i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o a n i m a l fa t s ,
ba led cot t on , ba led r a gs, ba led scr a p
pa per , blea ch in g powder , bu r la p or cot -
t on ba gs, ca u st ic soda , coa l, cok e, ch a r -
c o a l , c o r k , c a m p h o r , e x c e l s i o r , fi b e r s o f
a n y k i n d , fi s h o i l s , fi s h m e a l , fo a m r u b -
ber , h a y , lu br ica t in g oil, lin seed oil, or
o t h e r o x i d i za b l e o r d r y i n g o i l s , n a p h -
t h a len e, oa k u m , oiled clot h in g, oiled
pa per , oiled t ext iles, pa in t , st r a w, sa w-
du st , wood sh a vin gs, or veget a ble oils.
Wa l l s r e fe r r e d t o i n t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n
n eed ext en d on ly t o t h e u n der side of
t h e r o o f.
(b) I n l i e u o f s e p a r a t i o n w a l l s , a m m o -
n i u m n i t r a t e m a y b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m
t h e m a t e r i a l s r e fe r r e d t o i n p a r a g r a p h
(a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n b y a s p a c e o f a t l e a s t
30 fe e t .
(c) F l a m m a b l e l i q u i d s s u c h a s g a s o -
l i n e , k e r o s e n e , s o l v e n t s , a n d l i g h t fu e l
oils sh a ll n ot be st or ed on t h e pr em ises
e x c e p t w h e n s u c h s t o r a g e c o n fo r m s t o
§ 1910.106, a n d w h e n w a l l s a n d s i l l s o r
cu r bs a r e pr ovided in a ccor da n ce wit h
p a r a g r a p h s (i )(5)(i ) (a ) o r (b) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(d ) L P -G a s s h a l l n o t b e s t o r e d o n t h e
pr em ises except wh en su ch st or a ge con -
fo r m s t o § 1910.110.
(i i )(a ) S u l fu r a n d fi n e l y d i v i d e d m e t -
a ls sh a ll n ot be st or ed in t h e sa m e
bu ildin g wit h a m m on iu m n it r a t e ex-
c e p t w h e n s u c h s t o r a g e c o n fo r m s t o
p a r a g r a p h s (a ) t h r o u g h (h ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(b) E x p l o s i v e s a n d b l a s t i n g a g e n t s
sh a ll n ot be st or ed in t h e sa m e bu ildin g
wit h a m m on iu m n it r a t e except on t h e
pr em ises of m a k er s, dist r ibu t or s, a n d
u s e r -c o m p o u n d e r s o f e x p l o s i v e s o r
bla st in g a gen t s.
(c) Wh e r e e x p l o s i v e s o r b l a s t i n g
a gen t s a r e st or ed in sepa r a t e bu ildin gs,
ot h er t h a n on t h e pr em ises of m a k er s,
d i s t r i b u t o r s , a n d u s e r -c o m p o u n d e r s o f
explosives or bla st in g a gen t s, t h ey
s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e a m m o n i u m
n i t r a t e b y t h e d i s t a n c e s a n d /o r b a r r i -
c a d e s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e H –22 o f t h i s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s u b p a r t , b u t b y n o t l e s s t h a n 50 fe e t .
296
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00306 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(d ) S t o r a g e a n d /o r o p e r a t i o n s o n t h e
pr em ises of m a k er s, dist r ibu t or s, a n d
u s e r -c o m p o u n d e r s o f e x p l o s i v e s o r
b l a s t i n g a g e n t s s h a l l b e i n c o n fo r m i t y
w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (a ) t h r o u g h (h ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(6) Gen era l p reca u t ion s. (i ) E l e c t r i c a l
i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t ,
fo r o r d i n a r y l o c a t i o n s . T h e y s h a l l b e
d e s i g n e d t o m i n i m i ze d a m a g e fr o m c o r -
r osion .
(i i ) I n a r e a s w h e r e l i g h t n i n g s t o r m s
a r e pr eva len t , ligh t n in g pr ot ect ion
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d . (S e e t h e L i g h t n i n g
P r o t e c t i o n Co d e , N F P A 78–1968, w h i c h
i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i -
fi e d i n § 1910.6.)
(i i i ) P r o v i s i o n s s h a l l b e m a d e t o p r e -
v e n t u n a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n n e l fr o m e n -
t er in g t h e a m m on iu m n it r a t e st or a ge
a r ea .
(7) F ire p rot ect ion . (i ) N o t m o r e t h a n
2,500 t o n s (2270 t o n n e s ) o f b a g g e d a m -
m on iu m n it r a t e sh a ll be st or ed in a
bu ildin g or st r u ct u r e n ot equ ipped wit h
a n a u t om a t ic spr in k ler sy st em . S pr in -
k ler sy st em s sh a ll be of t h e a ppr oved
t y pe a n d in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h
§ 1910.159.
(i i )(a ) S u i t a b l e fi r e c o n t r o l d e v i c e s
s u c h a s s m a l l h o s e o r p o r t a b l e fi r e e x -
t in gu ish er s sh a ll be pr ovided t h r ou gh -
ou t t h e wa r eh ou se a n d in t h e loa din g
a n d u n l o a d i n g a r e a s . S u i t a b l e fi r e c o n -
t r ol devices sh a ll com ply wit h t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f §§ 1910.157 a n d 1910.158.
(b) Wa t e r s u p p l i e s a n d fi r e h y d r a n t s
sh a ll be a va ila ble in a ccor da n ce wit h
r e c o g n i ze d g o o d p r a c t i c e s .
(j ) S m a ll a rm s a m m u n it ion , sm a ll a rm s
p rim ers, a n d sm a ll a rm s p rop ella n t s—(1)
S cop e. T h i s p a r a g r a p h d o e s n o t a p p l y t o
i n -p r o c e s s st or a ge and in t r a pla n t
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n d u r i n g m a n u fa c t u r e o f
sm a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion , sm a ll a r m s
pr im er s, a n d sm ok eless pr opella n t s.
(2) S m a ll a rm s a m m u n it ion . (i ) N o
qu a n t it y lim it a t ion s a r e im posed on
t h e st or a ge of sm a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion
in wa r eh ou ses, r et a il st or es, a n d ot h er
g e n e r a l o c c u p a n c y fa c i l i t i e s , e x c e p t
t h ose im posed by lim it a t ion s of st or a ge
fa c i l i t i e s .
(i i ) S m a l l a r m s a m m u n i t i o n s h a l l b e
s e p a r a t e d fr o m fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s ,
fl a m m a b l e s o l i d s a s c l a s s i fi e d i n 49
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
CF R p a r t 172, a n d fr o m o x i d i zi n g m a t e -
r i a l s , b y a fi r e -r e s i s t i v e w a l l o f 1-h o u r
r a t i n g o r b y a d i s t a n c e o f 25 fe e t .
(i i i ) S m a l l a r m s a m m u n i t i o n s h a l l
n o t b e s t o r e d t o g e t h e r w i t h Cl a s s A o r
Cl a s s B e x p l o s i v e s u n l e s s t h e s t o r a g e
fa c i l i t y i s a d e q u a t e fo r t h i s l a t t e r s t o r -
a ge.
(3) S m ok eless p rop ella n t s. (i ) A l l
sm ok eless pr opella n t s sh a ll be st or ed
i n s h i p p i n g c o n t a i n e r s s p e c i fi e d i n 49
CF R 173.93 fo r s m o k e l e s s p r o p e l l a n t s .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) Co m m e r c i a l s t o c k s o f s m o k e l e s s
p r o p e l l a n t s o v e r 20 p o u n d s a n d n o t
m o r e t h a n 100 p o u n d s s h a l l b e s t o r e d i n
por t a ble wooden boxes h a vin g wa lls of
a t lea st 1 in ch n om in a l t h ick n ess.
(i v ) Co m m e r c i a l s t o c k s i n q u a n t i t i e s
n o t t o e x c e e d 750 p o u n d s s h a l l b e s t o r e d
in n on por t a ble st or a ge ca bin et s h a vin g
wooden wa lls of a t lea st 1 in ch n om in a l
t h i c k n e s s . N o t m o r e t h a n 400 p o u n d s
sh a ll be per m it t ed in a n y on e ca bin et .
(v ) Qu a n t i t i e s i n e x c e s s o f 750 p o u n d s
s h a l l b e s t o r e d i n m a g a zi n e s i n a c c o r d -
a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(4) S m a ll a rm s a m m u n it ion p rim ers. (i )
S m a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion pr im er s sh a ll
n ot be st or ed except in t h e or igin a l
sh ippin g con t a in er in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 49 CF R 173.107 fo r
sm a ll a r m s a m m u n it ion pr im er s.
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) S m a l l a r m s a m m u n i t i o n p r i m e r s
s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m fl a m m a b l e l i q -
u i d s , fl a m m a b l e s o l i d s a s c l a s s i fi e d i n
49 CF R p a r t 172, a n d o x i d i zi n g m a t e -
r i a l s b y a fi r e -r e s i s t i v e w a l l o f 1-h o u r
r a t i n g o r b y a d i s t a n c e o f 25 fe e t .
(i v ) N o t m o r e t h a n 750,000 s m a l l a r m s
a m m u n it ion pr im er s sh a ll be st or ed in
a n y on e bu ildin g, except a s pr ovided in
p a r a g r a p h (j )(4)(v ) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
N o t m o r e t h a n 100,000 s h a l l b e s t o r e d i n
a n y o n e p i l e . P i l e s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 15
fe e t a p a r t .
(v ) Qu a n t i t i e s o f s m a l l a r m s a m m u n i -
t i o n p r i m e r s i n e x c e s s o f 750,000 s h a l l
b e s t o r e d i n m a g a zi n e s i n a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(k ) S cop e. (1) T h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e , k e e p i n g , h a v i n g ,
st or a ge, sa le, t r a n spor t a t ion , a n d u se
of explosives, bla st in g a gen t s, a n d py -
r ot ech n ics. T h e sect ion does n ot a pply
t o t h e s a l e a n d u s e (p u b l i c d i s p l a y ) o f
p y r o t e c h n i c s , c o m m o n l y k n o w n a s fi r e -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wor k s, n or t h e u se of explosives in t h e
297
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00307 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
fo r m p r e s c r i b e d b y t h e o ffi c i a l U .S .
P h a r m a copeia .
(2) T h e m a n u fa c t u r e o f e x p l o s i v e s a s
d e fi n e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a )(3) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion sh a ll a lso m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s
c o n t a i n e d i n § 1910.119.
(3) T h e m a n u fa c t u r e o f p y r o t e c h n i c s
a s d e fi n e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a )(10) o f t h i s
sect ion sh a ll a lso m eet t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s c o n t a i n e d i n § 1910.119.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49747, Oc t . 24, 1978; 45 F R 60704, S e p t . 12,
1980; 53 F R 12122, A p r . 12, 1988; 57 F R 6403,
F e b . 24, 1992; 58 F R 35309, J u n e 30, 1993; 61 F R
9237, M a r . 7, 1996; 63 F R 33466, J u n e 18, 1998]
§ 1910.110 Storage and handling of liq-
uefied petroleum gases.
(a ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sec-
t ion . A s u s e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n :
(1) A P I -A S M E c o n t a i n e r —A c o n -
t a in er con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
t he r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(b )(3)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) A S M E c o n t a i n e r —A c o n t a i n e r
con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (b )(3)(i ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(3) Co n t a i n e r a s s e m b l y —A n a s s e m b l y
con sist in g essen t ia lly of t h e con t a in er
a n d fi t t i n g s fo r a l l c o n t a i n e r o p e n i n g s ,
i n c l u d i n g s h u t o ff v a l v e s , e x c e s s fl o w
v a l v e s , l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e s ,
s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s , a n d p r o t e c t i v e
h ou sin g.
(4) Co n t a i n e r s —A l l v e s s e l s , s u c h a s
t a n k s , c y l i n d e r s , o r d r u m s , u s e d fo r
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o r s t o r i n g l i q u e fi e d p e -
t r oleu m ga ses.
(5) D OT —D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r -
t a t ion .
(6) D OT c o n t a i n e r —A c o n t a i n e r c o n -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e a ppli-
c a b l e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 49 CF R c h a p t e r 1.
(7) ‘‘L i q u i fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s e s ’’—
‘‘L P G ’’ a n d ‘‘L P -G a s ’’—A n y m a t e r i a l
wh ich is com posed pr edom in a n t ly of
a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g h y d r o c a r b o n s , o r
m ixt u r es of t h em ; pr opa n e, pr opy len e,
b u t a n e s (n o r m a l b u t a n e o r i s o -b u t a n e ),
a n d bu t y len es.
(8) M o v a b l e fu e l s t o r a g e t e n d e r s o r
fa r m c a r t s —Co n t a i n e r s n o t i n e x c e s s o f
1,200 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y , e q u i p p e d
w i t h w h e e l s t o b e t o w e d fr o m o n e l o c a -
t ion of u sa ge t o a n ot h er . T h ey a r e ba si-
ca lly n on h igh wa y veh icles, bu t m a y oc-
ca sion a lly be m oved over pu blic r oa ds
o r h i g h w a y s . T h e y a r e u s e d a s a fu e l
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
s u p p l y fo r fa r m t r a c t o r s , c o n s t r u c t i o n
m a ch in er y a n d sim ila r equ ipm en t .
(9) P .S .I .G .—p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n c h
ga u ge.
(10) P .S .I .A .—p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n c h
a bsolu t e.
(11) S y s t e m s —a n a s s e m b l y o f e q u i p -
m en t con sist in g essen t ia lly of t h e con -
t a in er or con t a in er s, m a jor devices
s u c h a s v a p o r i ze r s , s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s ,
e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s , r e g u l a t o r s , a n d p i p -
in g con n ect in g su ch pa r t s.
(12) V a p o r i ze r -b u r n e r —a n i n t e g r a l v a -
p o r i ze r -b u r n e r u n i t , d e p e n d e n t u p o n
t h e h ea t gen er a t ed by t h e bu r n er a s t h e
s o u r c e o f h e a t t o v a p o r i ze t h e l i q u i d
u s e d fo r d e h y d r a t o r s o r d r y e r s .
(13) Ven t ila t ion , a d e q u a t e —w h e n
s p e c i fi e d fo r t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f fi r e d u r -
in g n or m a l oper a t ion , ven t ila t ion sh a ll
be con sider ed a dequ a t e wh en t h e con -
c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e g a s i n a g a s -a i r m i x -
t u r e d o e s n o t e x c e e d 25 p e r c e n t o f t h e
l o w e r fl a m m a b l e l i m i t .
(14) A p p r o v e d —u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i -
ca t ed, list in g or a ppr ova l by a n a t ion -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(15) L i s t e d —s e e ‘‘a p p r o v e d ’’ in
§ 1910.110(14).
(16) D OT S p e c i fi c a t i o n s —r e g u l a t i o n s
of t h e Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion
p u b l i s h e d i n 49 CF R c h a p t e r I .
(17)–(18) [R e s e r v e d ]
(19) D OT c y l i n d e r s —c y l i n d e r s m e e t -
i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 49 CF R c h a p t e r
I.
(b ) B a sic ru les—(1) O d oriz in g ga ses. (i )
A l l l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s e s s h a l l b e
e ffe c t i v e l y o d o r i ze d b y a n a p p r o v e d
a gen t of su ch ch a r a ct er a s t o in dica t e
posit ively , by dist in ct odor , t h e pr es-
en ce of ga s down t o con cen t r a t ion in
a i r o f n o t o v e r o n e -fi ft h t h e l o w e r l i m i t
o f fl a m m a b i l i t y . Od o r i za t i o n , h o w e v e r ,
i s n o t r e q u i r e d i f h a r m fu l i n t h e u s e o f
fu r t h e r p r o c e s s i n g o f t h e l i q u e fi e d p e -
t r o l e u m g a s , o r i f o d o r i za t i o n w i l l s e r v e
n o u s e fu l p u r p o s e a s a w a r n i n g a g e n t i n
s u c h u s e o r fu r t h e r p r o c e s s i n g .
(i i ) T h e o d o r i za t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t o f
p a r a g r a p h (b )(1)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l
be con sider ed t o be m et by t h e u se of
1.0 p o u n d s o f e t h y l m e r c a p t a n , 1.0
p o u n d s o f t h i o p h a n e o r 1.4 p o u n d s o f
a m y l m e r c a p t a n p e r 10,000 g a l l o n s o f
L P -G a s . H o w e v e r , t h i s l i s t i n g o f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
odor a n t s a n d qu a n t it ies sh a ll n ot ex-
298
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00308 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
clu de t h e u se of ot h er odor a n t s t h a t
m e e t t h e o d o r i za t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h (b )(1)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) A p p rov a l of equ ip m en t a n d sy st em s.
(i ) E a c h s y s t e m u t i l i zi n g D OT c o n -
t a i n e r s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h 49 CF R p a r t
178 s h a l l h a v e i t s c o n t a i n e r v a l v e s , c o n -
n e c t o r s , m a n i fo l d v a l v e a s s e m b l i e s , a n d
r egu la t or s a ppr oved.
(i i ) E a c h s y s t e m fo r d o m e s t i c o r c o m -
m e r c i a l u s e u t i l i zi n g c o n t a i n e r s o f 2,000
ga llon s or less wa t er ca pa cit y , ot h er
t h a n t h ose con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h 49 CF R p a r t 178, s h a l l c o n s i s t o f a
con t a in er a ssem bly a n d on e or m or e
r egu la t or s, a n d m a y in clu de ot h er
pa r t s. T h e sy st em a s a u n it or t h e con -
t a in er a ssem bly a s a u n it , a n d t h e r eg-
u la t or or r egu la t or s, sh a ll be in divid-
u a lly list ed.
(i i i ) I n s y s t e m s u t i l i zi n g c o n t a i n e r s
o f o v e r 2,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y ,
ea ch r egu la t or , con t a in er va lve, excess
fl o w v a l v e , g a g i n g d e v i c e , a n d r e l i e f
va lve in st a lled on or a t t h e con t a in er ,
sh a ll h a ve it s cor r ect n ess a s t o design ,
c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d p e r fo r m a n c e d e t e r -
m in ed by list in g by a n a t ion a lly r ecog-
n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o
§ 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c -
o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(3) R equ irem en t s f or con st ru ct ion a n d
origin a l t est of con t a in ers. (i ) Co n t a i n e r s
u sed wit h sy st em s em bodied in pa r a -
g r a p h s (d ), (e ), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , except a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph s
(e )(3)(i i i ) a n d (g )(2)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
sh a ll be design ed, con st r u ct ed, a n d
t e s t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e R u l e s fo r
Co n s t r u c t i o n o f U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s -
s e l s , s e c t i o n V I I I , D i v i s i o n 1, A m e r i c a n
S ociet y of Mech a n ica l E n gin eer s
(A S M E ) B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l
Co d e , 1968 e d i t i o n , w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s c o n s t r u c t e d a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e 1949 a n d e a r l i e r e d i t i o n s o f t h e
A S M E Co d e d o n o t h a v e t o c o m p l y
w i t h p a r a g r a p h s U –2 t h r o u g h U –10 a n d
U –19 t h e r e o f. Co n t a i n e r s c o n s t r u c t e d
a c c o r d i n g t o p a r a g r a p h U –70 i n t h e 1949
a n d e a r l i e r e d i t i o n s a r e n o t a u t h o r i ze d .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s design ed, con -
s t r u c t e d , a n d t e s t e d p r i o r t o J u l y 1,
1961, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e Co d e fo r U n fi r e d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s fo r P e t r o l e u m L i q u i d s
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
a n d G a s e s , 1951 e d i t i o n w i t h 1954 A d -
den da , of t h e Am er ica n P et r oleu m In -
st it u t e a n d t h e Am er ica n S ociet y of
Mech a n ica l E n gin eer s, wh ich is in cor -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d i n c o n fo r m -
a n c e . Co n t a i n e r s c o n s t r u c t e d a c c o r d i n g
t o A P I -A S M E Co d e d o n o t h a v e t o c o m -
ply wit h sect ion I or wit h a ppen dix t o
s e c t i o n I . P a r a g r a p h s W–601 t o W–606
i n c l u s i v e i n t h e 1943 a n d e a r l i e r e d i -
t ion s do n ot a pply .
(i v ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h
(b )(3)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l n o t b e c o n -
st r u ed a s pr oh ibit in g t h e con t in u ed u se
or r ein st a lla t ion of con t a in er s con -
st r u ct ed a n d m a in t a in ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d
H a n d l i n g o f L i q u e fi e d P e t r o l e u m G a s e s
N F P A N o . 58 i n e ffe c t a t t h e t i m e o f
fa b r i c a t i o n .
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s u s e d w i t h s y s t e m s e m -
b o d i e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b ), (d )(3)(i i i ), a n d
(f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d ,
t est ed, a n d st a m ped in a ccor da n ce wit h
D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s e ffe c t i v e a t t h e
d a t e o f t h e i r m a n u fa c t u r e .
(4) W eld in g of con t a in ers. (i ) We l d i n g
t o t h e sh ell, h ea d, or a n y ot h er pa r t of
t h e con t a in er su bject t o in t er n a l pr es-
su r e, sh a ll be don e in com plia n ce wit h
t h e c o d e u n d e r w h i c h t h e t a n k w a s fa b -
r i c a t e d . Ot h e r w e l d i n g i s p e r m i t t e d
on ly on sa ddle pla t es, lu gs, or br a ck et s
a t t a ch ed t o t h e con t a in er by t h e t a n k
m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(i i ) Wh e r e r e p a i r o r m o d i fi c a t i o n i n -
v o l v i n g w e l d i n g o f D OT c o n t a i n e r s i s
r equ ir ed, t h e con t a in er sh a ll be r e-
t u r n e d t o a q u a l i fi e d m a n u fa c t u r e r
m a k in g con t a in er s of t h e sa m e t y pe,
a n d t h e r e p a i r o r m o d i fi c a t i o n m a d e i n
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h D OT r e g u l a t i o n s .
(5) M a rk in gs on con t a in ers. (i ) E a c h
c o n t a i n e r c o v e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(3)(i )
of t h is sect ion , except a s pr ovided in
p a r a g r a p h (b )(3)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l
b e m a r k e d a s s p e c i fi e d i n t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) Wi t h a m a r k i n g i d e n t i fy i n g c o m -
plia n ce wit h , a n d ot h er m a r k in gs r e-
q u i r e d b y , t h e r u l e s o f t h e r e fe r e n c e
u n der wh ich t h e con t a in er is con -
st r u ct ed; or wit h t h e st a m p a n d ot h er
m a r k in gs r equ ir ed by t h e Na t ion a l
Boa r d of Boiler a n d P r essu r e Vessel In -
spect or s.
(b) Wi t h n o t a t i o n a s t o w h e t h e r t h e
c o n t a i n e r i s d e s i g n e d fo r u n d e r g r o u n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
or a bovegr ou n d in st a lla t ion or bot h . If
299
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00309 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
i n t e n d e d fo r b o t h a n d d i ffe r e n t s t y l e
h oods a r e pr ovided, t h e m a r k in g sh a ll
i n d i c a t e t h e p r o p e r h o o d fo r e a c h t y p e
of in st a lla t ion .
(c) Wi t h t h e n a m e a n d a d d r e s s o f t h e
su pplier of t h e con t a in er , or wit h t h e
t r a de n a m e of t h e con t a in er .
(d ) Wi t h t h e w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f t h e
c o n t a i n e r i n p o u n d s o r g a l l o n s , U .S .
S t a n da r d.
(e) Wi t h t h e p r e s s u r e i n p .s .i .g ., fo r
wh ich t h e con t a in er is design ed.
(f ) Wi t h t h e w o r d i n g ‘‘T h i s c o n t a i n e r
sh a ll n ot con t a in a pr odu ct h a vin g a
v a p o r p r e s s u r e i n e x c e s s o f ll p .s .i .g .
a t 100 °F .,’’ s e e s u b p a r a g r a p h (14)(v i i i )
of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(g) Wi t h t h e t a r e w e i g h t i n p o u n d s o r
o t h e r i d e n t i fi e d u n i t o f w e i g h t fo r c o n -
t a i n e r s w i t h a w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f 300
pou n ds or less.
(h ) Wi t h m a r k i n g i n d i c a t i n g t h e
m a xim u m level t o wh ich t h e con t a in er
m a y b e fi l l e d w i t h l i q u i d a t t e m p e r a -
t u r e s b e t w e e n 20 °F . a n d 130 °F ., e x c e p t
o n c o n t a i n e r s p r o v i d e d w i t h fi x e d m a x -
im u m level in dica t or s or wh ich a r e
fi l l e d b y w e i g h i n g . M a r k i n g s s h a l l b e
i n c r e m e n t s o f n o t m o r e t h a n 20 °F .
T h is m a r k in g m a y be loca t ed on t h e
liqu id level ga gin g device.
(i) Wi t h t h e o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a i n
s q u a r e fe e t .
(i i ) M a r k i n g s s p e c i fi e d s h a l l b e o n a
m et a l n a m epla t e a t t a ch ed t o t h e con -
t a in er a n d loca t ed in su ch a m a n n er a s
t o r e m a i n v i s i b l e a ft e r t h e c o n t a i n e r i s
in st a lled.
(i i i ) Wh e n L P -G a s a n d o n e o r m o r e
ot h er ga ses a r e st or ed or u sed in t h e
sa m e a r ea , t h e con t a in er s sh a ll be
m a r k e d t o i d e n t i fy t h e i r c o n t e n t .
Ma r k in g sh a ll be in com plia n ce wit h
A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d Z 48.1–
1954, ‘‘M e t h o d o f M a r k i n g P o r t a b l e
Co m p r e s s e d G a s Co n t a i n e r s T o I d e n t i fy
t h e M a t e r i a l Co n t a i n e d ’’, w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(6) L oca t ion of con t a in ers a n d regu -
la t in g equ ip m en t . (i ) Co n t a i n e r s , a n d
fi r s t s t a g e r e g u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t i f
u sed, sh a ll be loca t ed ou t side of bu ild-
in gs, except u n der on e or m or e of t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) I n b u i l d i n g s u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y fo r
c o n t a i n e r c h a r g i n g , v a p o r i za t i o n p r e s -
su r e r edu ct ion , ga s m ixin g, ga s m a n u -
fa c t u r i n g , o r d i s t r i b u t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(b) Wh e n p o r t a b l e u s e i s n e c e s s a r y (v i i ) T h e m i n i m u m s e p a r a t i o n b e -
a n d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(5) t w e e n l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s c o n -
of t h is sect ion . t a i n e r s a n d fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d t a n k s
(c) L P -G a s fu e l e d s t a t i o n a r y o r p o r t - s h a l l b e 20 fe e t , a n d t h e m i n i m u m s e p a -
a ble en gin es in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a - r a t ion bet ween a con t a in er a n d t h e
g r a p h (e ) (11) o r (12) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . c e n t e r l i n e o f t h e d i k e s h a l l b e 10 fe e t .
(d ) L P -G a s fu e l e d i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s T h e fo r e g o i n g p r o v i s i o n s h a l l n o t a p p l y
u sed in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph w h e n L P -G a s c o n t a i n e r s o f 125 g a l l o n s
(e )(13) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . or less ca pa cit y a r e in st a lled a dja cen t
(e) L P -G a s fu e l e d v e h i c l e s g a r a g e d i n t o Cl a s s I I I fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d t a n k s o f
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (e )(14) o f 275 g a l l o n s o r l e s s c a p a c i t y .
t h is sect ion . (v i i i ) S u i t a b l e m e a n s s h a l l b e t a k e n
(f ) Co n t a i n e r s a w a i t i n g u s e o r r e s a l e t o p r e v e n t t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f fl a m -
wh en st or ed in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a - m a b l e l i q u i d s u n d e r a d j a c e n t l i q u i fi e d
g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . pet r oleu m ga s con t a in er s, su ch a s by
(i i ) E a c h i n d i v i d u a l c o n t a i n e r s h a l l dik in g, diver sion cu r bs, or gr a din g.
be loca t ed wit h r espect t o t h e n ea r est (i x ) Wh e n d i k e s a r e u s e d w i t h fl a m -
im por t a n t bu ildin g or gr ou p of bu ild- m a b l e l i q u i d t a n k s , n o l i q u e fi e d p e t r o -
i n g s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –23. leu m ga s con t a in er s sh a ll be loca t ed
wit h in t h e dik ed a r ea .
TABLE H–23 (7) Con t a in er v a lv es a n d con t a in er a c-
cessories. (i ) V a l v e s , fi t t i n g s , a n d a c c e s -
Minimum distances sor ies con n ect ed dir ect ly t o t h e con -
Water capacity per Containers Between t a in er in clu din g pr im a r y s h u t o ff
container above- va lves, sh a ll h a ve a r a t ed wor k in g pr es-
Under- Above- ground
ground ground containers s u r e o f a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g . a n d s h a l l b e
o f m a t e r i a l a n d d e s i g n s u i t a b l e fo r L P -
Less than 125 gals.1 ... 10 feet .... None ....... None.
125 to 250 gals ........... 10 feet .... 10 feet .... None.
G a s s e r v i c e . Ca s t i r o n s h a l l n o t b e u s e d
251 to 500 gals ........... 10 feet .... 10 feet .... 3 feet. fo r c o n t a i n e r v a l v e s , fi t t i n g s , a n d a c -
501 to 2,000 gals ........ 25 feet 2 .. 25 feet 2 .. 3 feet. cessor ies. T h is does n ot pr oh ibit t h e
2,001 to 30,000 gals ... 50 feet .... 50 feet .... 5 feet. u se of con t a in er va lves m a de of m a lle-
30,001 to 70,000 gals 50 feet .... 75 feet.3. a ble or n odu la r ir on .
70,001 to 90,000 gals 50 feet .... 100 feet.3.
(i i ) Co n n e c t i o n s t o c o n t a i n e r s , e x c e p t
1 If the aggregate water capacity of a multi-container instal-
s a fe t y r e l i e f c o n n e c t i o n s , l i q u i d l e v e l
lation at a consumer site is 501 gallons or greater, the min-
imum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of ga gin g devices, a n d plu gged open in gs,
this table, applying the aggregate capacity rather than the ca- s h a l l h a v e s h u t o ff v a l v e s l o c a t e d a s
pacity per container. If more than one installation is made,
each installation shall be separated from another installation close t o t h e con t a in er a s pr a ct ica ble.
by at least 25 feet. Do not apply the MINIMUM DISTANCES (i i i ) E x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s , w h e r e r e -
BETWEEN ABOVE-GROUND CONTAINERS to such installa-
tions. qu ir ed sh a ll close a u t om a t ica lly a t t h e
2 The above distance requirements may be reduced to not
r a t e d fl o w s o f v a p o r o r l i q u i d a s s p e c i -
less than 10 feet for a single container of 1,200 gallons water
capacity or less, providing such a container is at least 25 feet fi e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r . T h e c o n n e c -
from any other LP-Gas container of more than 125 gallons t i o n s o r l i n e i n c l u d i n g v a l v e s , fi t t i n g s ,
water capacity.
3 1⁄4 of sum of diameters of adjacent containers. e t c ., b e i n g p r o t e c t e d b y a n e x c e s s fl o w
va lve sh a ll h a ve a gr ea t er ca pa cit y
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s i n s t a l l e d fo r u s e s h a l l t h a n t h e r a t e d fl o w o f t h e e x c e s s fl o w
n ot be st a ck ed on e a bove t h e ot h er . va lve.
(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ] (i v ) L i q u i d l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e s w h i c h
(v ) I n t h e c a s e o f b u i l d i n g s d e v o t e d a r e s o c o n s t r u c t e d t h a t o u t w a r d fl o w o f
e x c l u s i v e l y t o g a s m a n u fa c t u r i n g a n d con t a in er con t en t s sh a ll n ot exceed
dist r ibu t in g oper a t ion s, t h e dist a n ces t h a t p a s s e d b y a N o . 54 d r i l l s i ze o p e n -
r e q u i r e d b y T a b l e H –23 m a y b e r e d u c e d in g, n eed n ot be equ ipped wit h excess
pr ovided t h a t in n o ca se sh a ll con - fl o w v a l v e s .
t a i n e r s o f w a t e r c a p a c i t y e x c e e d i n g 500 (v ) Op e n i n g s fr o m con t a in er or
g a l l o n s b e l o c a t e d c l o s e r t h a n 10 fe e t t o t h r o u g h fi t t i n g s a t t a c h e d d i r e c t l y o n
s u c h g a s m a n u fa c t u r i n g a n d d i s t r i b - con t a in er t o wh ich pr essu r e ga ge con -
u t in g bu ildin gs. n ect ion is m a de, n eed n ot be equ ipped
(v i ) R e a d i l y i g n i t i b l e m a t e r i a l s u c h w i t h s h u t o ff o r e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s i f
a s weeds a n d lon g dr y gr a ss sh a ll be r e- su ch open in gs a r e r est r ict ed t o n ot
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

m o v e d w i t h i n 10 fe e t o f a n y c o n t a i n e r . l a r g e r t h a n N o . 54 d r i l l s i ze o p e n i n g .

300

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00310 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(v i ) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(c )(5)(i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , e x c e s s fl o w
a n d ba ck pr essu r e ch eck va lves wh er e
r equ ir ed by t h is sect ion sh a ll be lo-
ca t ed in side of t h e con t a in er or a t a
poin t ou t side wh er e t h e lin e en t er s t h e
con t a in er ; in t h e la t t er ca se, in st a lla -
t ion sh a ll be m a de in su ch m a n n er t h a t
a n y u n du e st r a in bey on d t h e excess
fl o w o r b a c k p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e w i l l
n ot ca u se br ea k a ge bet ween t h e con -
t a in er a n d su ch va lve.
(v i i ) E x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed wit h a by pa ss, n ot t o exceed a
N o . 60 d r i l l s i ze o p e n i n g t o a l l o w
e q u a l i za t i o n o f p r e s s u r e s .
(v i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s o f m o r e t h a n 30 g a l -
l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y a n d l e s s t h a n 2,000
g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y , fi l l e d o n a v o l -
u m e t r i c b a s i s , a n d m a n u fa c t u r e d a ft e r
D e c e m b e r 1, 1963, s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d fo r
fi l l i n g i n t o t h e v a p o r s p a c e .
(8) P ip in g— in clu d in g p ip e, t u bin g, a n d
f it t in gs. (i ) P i p e , e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n
p a r a g r a p h s (e )(6)(i ) a n d (g )(10)(i i i ), o f
t h is sect ion sh a ll be wr ou gh t ir on or
s t e e l (b l a c k o r g a l v a n i ze d ), b r a s s , c o p -
per , or a lu m in u m a lloy . Alu m in u m
a l l o y p i p e s h a l l b e a t l e a s t S c h e d u l e 40
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
fo r A l u m i n u m A l l o y P i p e , A m e r i c a n
N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s I n s t i t u t e (A N S I )
H 38.7–1969 (A S T M , B 241–69), w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, e x c e p t t h a t t h e u s e o f a l l o y 5456
is pr oh ibit ed a n d sh a ll be su it a bly
m a r k ed a t ea ch en d of ea ch len gt h in -
dica t in g com plia n ce wit h Am er ica n
N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d I n s t i t u t e S p e c i fi c a -
t ion s. Alu m in u m Alloy pipe sh a ll be
pr ot ect ed a ga in st ext er n a l cor r osion
wh en it is in con t a ct wit h dissim ila r
m e t a l s o t h e r t h a n g a l v a n i ze d s t e e l , o r
it s loca t ion is su bject t o r epea t ed wet -
t i n g b y s u c h l i q u i d s a s w a t e r (e x c e p t
r a i n w a t e r ), d e t e r g e n t s , s e w a g e , o r
l e a k i n g fr o m o t h e r p i p i n g , o r i t p a s s e s
t h r o u g h fl o o r i n g , p l a s t e r , m a s o n r y , o r
i n s u l a t i o n . G a l v a n i ze d s h e e t s t e e l o r
p i p e , g a l v a n i ze d i n s i d e a n d o u t , m a y b e
con sider ed su it a ble pr ot ect ion . T h e
m a x i m u m n o m i n a l p i p e s i ze fo r a l u -
m i n u m p i p e s h a l l b e t h r e e -fo u r t h s i n c h
a n d s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r p r e s s u r e s e x -
c e e d i n g 20 p .s .i .g . A l u m i n u m a l l o y p i p e
sh a ll n ot be in st a lled wit h in 6 in ch es of
t h e gr ou n d.
(a ) V a p o r p i p i n g w i t h o p e r a t i n g p r e s -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s u r e s n o t e x c e e d i n g 125 p .s .i .g . s h a l l b e
301
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00311 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
s u i t a b l e fo r a w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f a t
l e a s t 125 p .s .i .g . P i p e s h a l l b e a t l e a s t
S c h e d u l e 40 (A S T M A –53–69, G r a d e B
E l e c t r i c R e s i s t a n c e We l d e d a n d E l e c -
t r i c F l a s h We l d e d P i p e , w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, o r e q u a l ).
(b) V a p o r p i p i n g w i t h o p e r a t i n g p r e s -
s u r e s o v e r 125 p .s .i .g . a n d a l l l i q u i d p i p -
i n g s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r a w o r k i n g
p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g . P i p e
s h a l l b e a t l e a s t S c h e d u l e 80 i f j o i n t s
a r e t h r ea ded or t h r ea ded a n d ba ck
w e l d e d . A t l e a s t S c h e d u l e 40 (A S T M A –
53–69 G r a d e B E l e c t r i c R e s i s t a n c e We l d -
e d a n d E l e c t r i c F l a s h We l d e d P i p e o r
equ a l) sh a ll be u sed if join t s a r e weld-
e d , o r w e l d e d a n d fl a n g e d .
(i i ) T u b i n g s h a l l b e s e a m l e s s a n d o f
copper , br a ss, st eel, or a lu m in u m a lloy .
Co p p e r t u b i n g s h a l l b e o f t y p e K o r L
or equ iva len t a s cover ed in t h e S peci-
fi c a t i o n fo r S e a m l e s s Co p p e r Wa t e r
T u b e , A N S I H 23.1–1970 (A S T M B 88–69),
w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6. A l u m i n u m a l l o y
t u bin g sh a ll be of T y pe A or B or equ iv-
a l e n t a s c o v e r e d i n S p e c i fi c a t i o n A S T M
B 210–68 (w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6) a n d s h a l l
b e s u i t a b l y m a r k e d e v e r y 18 i n c h e s i n -
dica t in g com plia n ce wit h AS T M S peci-
fi c a t i o n s . T h e m i n i m u m n o m i n a l w a l l
t h ick n ess of copper t u bin g a n d a lu -
m in u m a lloy t u bin g sh a ll be a s speci-
fi e d i n T a b l e H –24 a n d T a b l e H –25.
Alu m in u m a lloy t u bin g sh a ll be pr o-
t ect ed a ga in st ext er n a l cor r osion wh en
it is in con t a ct wit h dissim ila r m et a ls
o t h e r t h a n g a l v a n i ze d s t e e l , o r i t s l o c a -
t ion is su bject t o r epea t ed wet t in g by
l i q u i d s s u c h a s w a t e r (e x c e p t r a i n -
w a t e r ), d e t e r g e n t s , s e w a g e , o r l e a k a g e
fr o m o t h e r p i p i n g , o r i t p a s s e s t h r o u g h
fl o o r i n g , p l a s t e r , m a s o n r y , o r i n s u l a -
t i o n . G a l v a n i ze d s h e e t s t e e l o r p i p e ,
g a l v a n i ze d i n s i d e a n d o u t , m a y b e c o n -
sider ed su it a ble pr ot ect ion . T h e m a x-
i m u m o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r fo r a l u m i n u m
a l l o y t u b i n g s h a l l b e t h r e e -fo u r t h s i n c h
a n d s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r p r e s s u r e s e x -
c e e d i n g 20 p .s .i .g . A l u m i n u m a l l o y t u b -
in g sh a ll n ot be in st a lled wit h in 6
in ch es of t h e gr ou n d.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

TABLE H–24—WALL THICKNESS OF COPPER s i g n e d fo r a p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 125

TUBING 1 p .s .i .g . F o r o p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e s a b o v e
125 p .s .i .g ., fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d
Nominal wall thickness
Nominal out- fo r a m i n i m u m o f 250 p .s .i .g .
Standard size (inches)
side diameter
(inches) (v i ) T h e u s e o f t h r e a d e d c a s t i r o n
(inches) Type K Type L
p i p e fi t t i n g s s u c h a s e l l s , t e e s , c r o s s e s ,
⁄
14
3⁄8
0.375 0.035 0.030 cou plin gs, a n d u n ion s is pr oh ibit ed.
0.500 0.049 0.035
1⁄2 0.625 0.049 0.040
A l u m i n u m a l l o y fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e u s e d
5⁄8 0.750 0.049 0.042 wit h a lu m in u m a lloy pipe a n d t u bin g.
3⁄4 0.875 0.065 0.045 I n s u l a t e d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e u s e d w h e r e
1 1.125 0.065 0.050
11⁄4 1.375 0.065 0.055
a lu m in u m a lloy pipe or t u bin g con -
11⁄2 1.625 0.072 0.060 n ect s wit h a dissim ila r m et a l.
2 2.125 0.083 0.070 (v i i ) S t r a i n e r s , r e g u l a t o r s , m e t e r s ,
1 Based on data in Specification for Seamless Copper c o m p r e s s o r s , p u m p s , e t c ., a r e n o t t o b e
Water Tube, ANSI H23.1–1970 (ASTM B–88–69). c o n s i d e r e d a s p i p e fi t t i n g s . T h i s d o e s
NOTE: The standard size by which tube is designated is 1⁄8
inch smaller than its nominal outside diameter. n ot pr oh ibit t h e u se of m a llea ble, n od-
u l a r , o r h i g h e r s t r e n g t h g r a y i r o n fo r
TABLE H–25—WALL THICKNESS OF ALUMINUM su ch equ ipm en t .
ALLOY TUBING 1 (v i i i ) A l l m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s v a l v e
Nominal wall thickness (inches)
sea t s, pa ck in g, ga sk et s, dia ph r a gm s,
Outside diameter e t c ., s h a l l b e o f s u c h q u a l i t y a s t o b e
(inches) Type A Type B r e s i s t a n t t o t h e a c t i o n o f l i q u e fi e d p e -
⁄
38 0.035 0.049 t r oleu m ga s u n der t h e ser vice con di-
⁄
12 0.035 0.049 t ion s t o wh ich t h ey a r e su bject ed.
⁄
58 0.042 0.049
3⁄4 0.049 0.058
(i x ) A l l p i p i n g , t u b i n g , o r h o s e s h a l l
1 Based on data in Standard Specification for Aluminum-
b e t e s t e d a ft e r a s s e m b l y a n d p r o v e d
Alloy Drawn Seamless Coiled Tubes for Special Purpose Ap- fr e e fr o m l e a k s a t n o t l e s s t h a n n o r m a l
plications, ASTM B210–68. o p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e s . A ft e r i n s t a l l a t i o n ,
(i i i ) I n s y s t e m s w h e r e t h e g a s i n l i q - pipin g a n d t u bin g of a ll dom est ic a n d
u i d fo r m w i t h o u t p r e s s u r e r e d u c t i o n com m er cia l sy st em s sh a ll be t est ed
en t er s t h e bu ildin g, on ly h ea vy wa lled a n d p r o v e d fr e e o f l e a k s u s i n g a m a -
sea m less br a ss or copper t u bin g wit h n om et er or equ iva len t device t h a t will
a n in t er n a l dia m et er n ot gr ea t er t h a n in dica t e a dr op in pr essu r e. T est sh a ll
t h r e e t h i r t y -s e c o n d s i n c h , a n d a w a l l n o t b e m a d e w i t h a fl a m e .
t h ick n ess of n ot less t h a n t h r ee sixt y - (x ) P r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e t o c o m -
fo u r t h s i n c h s h a l l b e u s e d . T h i s r e - p e n s a t e fo r e x p a n s i o n , c o n t r a c t i o n , j a r -
qu ir em en t sh a ll n ot a pply t o r esea r ch r i n g , a n d v i b r a t i o n , a n d fo r s e t t l i n g .
a n d exper im en t a l la bor a t or ies, bu ild- T h i s m a y b e a c c o m p l i s h e d b y fl e x i b l e
i n g s , o r s e p a r a t e fi r e d i v i s i o n s o f b u i l d - con n ect ion s.
i n g s u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y fo r h o u s i n g i n t e r - (x i ) P i p i n g o u t s i d e b u i l d i n g s m a y b e
n a l com bu st ion en gin es, a n d t o com - bu r ied, a bove gr ou n d, or bot h , bu t sh a ll
m er cia l ga s pla n t s or bu lk st a t ion s be well su ppor t ed a n d pr ot ect ed
wh er e con t a in er s a r e ch a r ged, n or t o a g a i n s t p h y s i c a l d a m a g e . Wh e r e s o i l
i n d u s t r i a l v a p o r i ze r b u i l d i n g s , n o r t o con dit ion s wa r r a n t , a ll pipin g sh a ll be
bu ildin gs, st r u ct u r es, or equ ipm en t p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t c o r r o s i o n . Wh e r e
u n der con st r u ct ion or u n der goin g con den sa t ion m a y occu r , t h e pipin g
m a jor r en ova t ion . sh a ll be pit ch ed ba ck t o t h e con t a in er ,
(i v ) P i p e j o i n t s m a y b e s c r e w e d , o r s u i t a b l e m e a n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r
fl a n g e d , w e l d e d , s o l d e r e d , o r b r a ze d r e v a p o r i za t i o n o f t h e c o n d e n s a t e .
wit h a m a t er ia l h a vin g a m elt in g poin t (9) H ose sp ecif ica t ion s. (i ) H o s e s h a l l
e x c e e d i n g 1,000 °F . J o i n t s o n s e a m l e s s b e fa b r i c a t e d o f m a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e r e -
copper , br a ss, st eel, or a lu m in u m a lloy s i s t a n t t o t h e a c t i o n o f L P -G a s i n t h e
ga s t u bin g sh a ll be m a de by m ea n s of liqu id a n d va por ph a ses. If wir e br a id is
a p p r o v e d g a s t u b i n g fi t t i n g s , o r s o l - u s e d fo r r e i n fo r c i n g t h e h o s e , i t s h a l l
d e r e d o r b r a ze d w i t h a m a t e r i a l h a v i n g b e o f c o r r o s i o n -r e s i s t a n t m a t e r i a l s u c h
a m e l t i n g p o i n t e x c e e d i n g 1,000 °F . a s st a in less st eel.
(v ) F o r o p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e s o f 125 (i i ) H o s e s u b j e c t t o c o n t a i n e r p r e s -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

p .s .i .g . o r l e s s , fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e d e - s u r e s h a l l b e m a r k e d ‘‘L P -G a s ’’ o r

302

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
‘‘L P G ’’ a t n o t g r e a t e r t h a n 10-fo o t i n -
t er va ls.
(i i i ) H o s e s u b j e c t t o c o n t a i n e r p r e s -
s u r e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a b u r s t i n g
p r e s s u r e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 1,250 p .s .i .g .
(i v ) H o s e s u b j e c t t o c o n t a i n e r p r e s -
su r e sh a ll h a ve it s cor r ect n ess a s t o de-
s i g n c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d p e r fo r m a n c e d e -
t er m in ed by bein g list ed (s e e
§ 1910.110(a )(15)).
(v ) H o s e c o n n e c t i o n s s u b j e c t t o c o n -
t a in er pr essu r e sh a ll be ca pa ble of
wit h st a n din g, wit h ou t lea k a ge, a t est
p r e s s u r e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 500 p .s .i .g .
(v i ) H o s e a n d h o s e c o n n e c t i o n s o n t h e
l o w -p r e s s u r e s i d e o f t h e r e g u l a t o r o r r e -
d u c i n g v a l v e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a
b u r s t i n g p r e s s u r e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 125
p .s .i .g . o r fi v e t i m e s t h e s e t p r e s s u r e o f
t h e r elief devices pr ot ect in g t h a t por -
t ion of t h e sy st em , wh ich ever is h igh er .
(v i i ) H o s e m a y b e u s e d o n t h e l o w -
pr essu r e side of r egu la t or s t o con n ect
t o ot h er t h a n dom est ic a n d com m er cia l
g a s a p p l i a n c e s u n d e r t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n -
dit ion s:
(a ) T h e a p p l i a n c e s c o n n e c t e d w i t h
h o s e s h a l l b e p o r t a b l e a n d n e e d a fl e x i -
ble con n ect ion .
(b) F o r u s e i n s i d e b u i l d i n g s t h e h o s e
sh a ll be of m in im u m pr a ct ica l len gt h ,
b u t s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 6 fe e t e x c e p t a s
p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(i )(g) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n a n d s h a l l n o t e x t e n d fr o m o n e
r oom t o a n ot h er , n or pa ss t h r ou gh a n y
w a l l s , p a r t i t i o n s , c e i l i n g s , o r fl o o r s .
S u c h h o s e s h a l l n o t b e c o n c e a l e d fr o m
view or u sed in a con cea led loca t ion .
F or u se ou t side of bu ildin gs, t h e h ose
m a y exceed t h is len gt h bu t sh a ll be
k ept a s sh or t a s pr a ct ica l.
(c) T h e h o s e s h a l l b e a p p r o v e d a n d
sh a ll n ot be u sed wh er e it is lik ely t o
b e s u b j e c t e d t o t e m p e r a t u r e s a b o v e 125
°F . T h e h o s e s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y c o n -
n ect ed t o t h e a pplia n ce a n d t h e u se of
r u bber slip en ds sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed.
(d ) T h e s h u t o ff v a l v e fo r a n a p p l i a n c e
con n ect ed by h ose sh a ll be in t h e m et a l
pipe or t u bin g a n d n ot a t t h e a pplia n ce
e n d o f t h e h o s e . Wh e n s h u t o ff v a l v e s
a r e in st a lled close t o ea ch ot h er , pr e-
ca u t ion s sh a ll be t a k en t o pr even t op-
er a t ion of t h e wr on g va lve.
(e) H o s e u s e d fo r c o n n e c t i n g t o w a l l
o u t l e t s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m p h y s -
ica l da m a ge.
(10) S a f et y d ev ices. (i ) E v e r y c o n t a i n e r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
except t h ose con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce
303
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§ 1910.110
w i t h D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s a n d e v e r y v a -
p o r i ze r (e x c e p t m o t o r fu e l v a p o r i ze r s
a n d e x c e p t v a p o r i ze r s d e s c r i b e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(11)(i i )(c) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
a n d p a r a g r a p h (d )(4)(v )(a ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n ) w h e t h e r h e a t e d b y a r t i fi c i a l
m ea n s or n ot , sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
o n e o r m o r e s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s o f
s p r i n g -l o a d e d o r e q u i v a l e n t t y p e . T h e s e
v a l v e s s h a l l b e a r r a n g e d t o a ffo r d fr e e
ven t t o t h e ou t er a ir wit h disch a r ge
n o t l e s s t h a n 5 fe e t h o r i zo n t a l l y a w a y
fr o m a n y o p e n i n g i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g
wh ich is below su ch disch a r ge. T h e r a t e
of disch a r ge sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce
wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(b )(10)(i i ) o r (b )(10)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n i n
t h e c a s e o f v a p o r i ze r s .
(i i ) M i n i m u m r e q u i r e d r a t e o f d i s -
c h a r g e i n c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f a i r
a t 120 p e r c e n t o f t h e m a x i m u m p e r -
m i t t e d s t a r t t o d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e fo r
s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s t o b e u s e d o n c o n -
t a in er s ot h er t h a n t h ose con st r u ct ed in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n
s h a l l b e a s fo l l o w s :
Flow rate
Surface area (sq. ft.) CFM air
20 or less ............................................................. 626
25 ......................................................................... 751
30 ......................................................................... 872
35 ......................................................................... 990
40 ......................................................................... 1,100
45 ......................................................................... 1,220
50 ......................................................................... 1,330
55 ......................................................................... 1,430
60 ......................................................................... 1,540
65 ......................................................................... 1,640
70 ......................................................................... 1,750
75 ......................................................................... 1,850
80 ......................................................................... 1,950
85 ......................................................................... 2,050
90 ......................................................................... 2,150
95 ......................................................................... 2,240
100 ....................................................................... 2,340
105 ....................................................................... 2,440
110 ....................................................................... 2,530
115 ....................................................................... 2,630
120 ....................................................................... 2,720
125 ....................................................................... 2,810
130 ....................................................................... 2,900
135 ....................................................................... 2,990
140 ....................................................................... 3,080
145 ....................................................................... 3,170
150 ....................................................................... 3,260
155 ....................................................................... 3,350
160 ....................................................................... 3,440
165 ....................................................................... 3,530
170 ....................................................................... 3,620
175 ....................................................................... 3,700
180 ....................................................................... 3,790
185 ....................................................................... 3,880
190 ....................................................................... 3,960
195 ....................................................................... 4,050
200 ....................................................................... 4,130
210 ....................................................................... 4,300
220 ....................................................................... 4,470
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

Flow rate (3) S p h e r i c a l c o n t a i n e r :

Surface area (sq. ft.) CFM air
230 ....................................................................... 4,630
240 ....................................................................... 4,800
250 ....................................................................... 4,960
260 ....................................................................... 5,130
270 ....................................................................... 5,290
280 ....................................................................... 5,450
290 ....................................................................... 5,610
300 ....................................................................... 5,760
310 ....................................................................... 5,920
320 ....................................................................... 6,080
330 ....................................................................... 6,230
340 ....................................................................... 6,390
350 ....................................................................... 6,540
360 ....................................................................... 6,690
370 ....................................................................... 6,840
380 ....................................................................... 7,000
390 ....................................................................... 7,150
400 ....................................................................... 7,300
450 ....................................................................... 8,040
500 ....................................................................... 8,760
550 ....................................................................... 9,470
600 ....................................................................... 10,170
650 ....................................................................... 10,860
700 ....................................................................... 11,550
750 ....................................................................... 12,220
800 ....................................................................... 12,880
850 ....................................................................... 13,540
900 ....................................................................... 14,190
950 ....................................................................... 14,830
1,000 .................................................................... 15,470
1,050 .................................................................... 16,100
1,100 .................................................................... 16,720
1,150 .................................................................... 17,350
1,200 .................................................................... 17,960
1,250 .................................................................... 18,570
1,300 .................................................................... 19,180
1,350 .................................................................... 19,780
1,400 .................................................................... 20,380
1,450 .................................................................... 20,980
1,500 .................................................................... 21,570
1,550 .................................................................... 22,160
1,600 .................................................................... 22,740
1,650 .................................................................... 23,320
1,700 .................................................................... 23,900
1,750 .................................................................... 24,470
1,800 .................................................................... 25,050
1,850 .................................................................... 25,620
1,900 .................................................................... 26,180
1,950 .................................................................... 26,750
2,000 .................................................................... 27,310
S u r fa c e a r e a = t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a o f
c o n t a i n e r i n s q u a r e fe e t .
Wh e n t h e s u r fa c e a r e a i s n o t s t a m p e d o n
t h e n a m epla t e or wh en t h e m a r k in g is n ot
legible, t h e a r ea ca n be ca lcu la t ed by u sin g
o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g fo r m u l a s :
(1) Cy l i n d r i c a l c o n t a i n e r w i t h h e m i -
sph er ica l h ea ds:
A r e a = Ov e r a l l l e n g t h ×o u t s i d e dia m et er ×
3.1416.
(2) Cy l i n d r i c a l c o n t a i n e r w i t h o t h e r t h a n
h em isph er ica l h ea ds:
A r e a = (Ov e r a l l l e n g t h + 0.3 o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r )
×o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r ×3.1416.
N OT E : T h i s fo r m u l a i s n o t e x a c t , b u t w i l l
give r esu lt s wit h in t h e lim it s of pr a ct ica l a c-
c u r a c y fo r t h e s o l e p u r p o s e o f s i zi n g r e l i e f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
A r e a = Ou t s i d e d i a m e t e r s q u a r e d ×3.1416.
F l o w R a t e -CF M A i r = R e q u i r e d fl o w c a p a c i t y
i n c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f a i r a t s t a n d a r d
c o n d i t i o n s , 60 F . a n d a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e
(14.7 p .s .i .a .).
T h e r a t e of disch a r ge m a y be in t er pola t ed
fo r i n t e r m e d i a t e v a l u e s o f s u r fa c e a r e a . F o r
c o n t a i n e r s w i t h t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a
g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 s q u a r e fe e t , t h e r e q u i r e d
fl o w r a t e c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e fo r -
m u l a , F l o w R a t e -CF M A i r = 53.632 A 0.82.
A = t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a o f t h e c o n -
t a i n e r i n s q u a r e fe e t .
V a l v e s n o t m a r k e d ‘‘A i r ’’ h a v e fl o w r a t e
m a r k i n g i n c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f l i q u e fi e d
pet r oleu m ga s. T h ese ca n be con ver t ed t o
r a t i n g s i n c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f a i r b y
m u l t i p l y i n g t h e l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s r a t -
i n g s b y fa c t o r s l i s t e d b e l o w . A i r fl o w r a t i n g s
c a n b e c o n v e r t e d t o r a t i n g s i n c u b i c fe e t p e r
m i n u t e o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s b y d i v i d -
i n g t h e a i r r a t i n g s b y t h e fa c t o r s l i s t e d
below.
AIR CONVERSION FACTORS
Container type ...... 100 125 150 175 200
Air conversion fac-
tor ...................... 1.162 1.142 1.113 1.078 1.010
(i i i ) M i n i m u m R e q u i r e d R a t e o f D i s -
c h a r g e fo r S a fe t y R e l i e f V a l v e s fo r L i q -
u e fi e d P et r oleu m Ga s V a p o r i ze r s
(S t e a m H e a t e d , Wa t e r H e a t e d , a n d D i -
r e c t F i r e d ).
T h e m in im u m r equ ir ed r a t e of dis-
c h a r g e fo r s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e
d e t e r m i n e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) Ob t a i n t h e t o t a l s u r fa c e a r e a b y
a d d i n g t h e s u r fa c e a r e a o f v a p o r i ze r
s h e l l i n s q u a r e fe e t d i r e c t l y i n c o n t a c t
w i t h L P -G a s a n d t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e d
s u r fa c e a r e a i n s q u a r e fe e t d i r e c t l y i n
c o n t a c t w i t h L P -G a s .
(b) Ob t a i n t h e m i n i m u m r e q u i r e d
r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e i n c u b i c fe e t o f a i r p e r
m i n u t e , a t 60 °F . a n d 14.7 p .s .i .a . fr o m
p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , fo r
t h i s t o t a l s u r fa c e a r e a .
(i v ) Co n t a i n e r a n d v a p o r i ze r s a fe t y
r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e s e t t o s t a r t -t o -d i s -
ch a r ge, wit h r ela t ion t o t h e design
pr essu r e of t h e con t a in er , in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –26.
(v ) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s u s e d w i t h
sy st em s em ploy in g con t a in er s ot h er
t h a n t h ose con st r u ct ed a ccor din g t o
D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s s h a l l b e s o c o n -
st r u ct ed a s t o disch a r ge a t n ot less
t h a n t h e r a t es sh own in pa r a gr a ph
(b )(10)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , b e fo r e t h e

va lves. p r e s s u r e i s i n e x c e s s o f 120 p e r c e n t o f

304

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h e m a x i m u m (n o t i n c l u d i n g t h e 10 p e r -
c e n t r e fe r r e d t o i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(i v )
of t h is sect ion ) per m it t ed st a r t t o dis-
ch a r ge pr essu r e set t in g of t h e device.
TABLE H–26
Minimum Maximum
Containers (percent) (percent)
ASME Code; Par. U–68, U–69—
1949 and earlier editions ........... 110 1 25
ASME Code; Par. U–200, U–
201—1949 edition ...................... 88 1 100
ASME Code—1950, 1952, 1956,
1959, 1962, 1965 and 1968 (Di-
vision I) editions ......................... 88 1 100
API—ASME Code—all editions .... 88 1 100
DOT—As prescribed in 49 CFR
Chapter I.
1 Manufacturers of safety relief valves are allowed a plus
tolerance not exceeding 10 percent of the set pressure
marked on the valve.
(v i ) I n c e r t a i n l o c a t i o n s s u ffi c i e n t l y
su st a in ed h igh t em per a t u r es pr eva il
wh ich r equ ir e t h e u se of a lower va por
pr essu r e pr odu ct t o be st or ed or t h e u se
of a h igh er design ed pr essu r e vessel in
o r d e r t o p r e v e n t t h e s a fe t y v a l v e s
open in g a s t h e r esu lt of t h ese t em per a -
t u r es. As a n a lt er n a t ive t h e t a n k s m a y
be pr ot ect ed by coolin g devices su ch a s
b y s p r a y i n g , b y s h a d i n g , o r o t h e r e ffe c -
t ive m ea n s.
(v i i ) S a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e a r -
r a n ged so t h a t t h e possibilit y of t a m -
p e r i n g w i l l b e m i n i m i ze d . I f p r e s s u r e
set t in g or a dju st m en t is ext er n a l, t h e
r elief va lves sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a p-
p r o v e d m e a n s fo r s e a l i n g a d j u s t m e n t .
(v i i i ) S h u t o ff v a l v e s s h a l l n o t b e i n -
s t a l l e d b e t w e e n t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
vices a n d t h e con t a in er , or t h e equ ip-
m e n t o r p i p i n g t o w h i c h t h e s a fe t y r e -
lief device is con n ect ed except t h a t a
s h u t o ff v a l v e m a y b e u s e d w h e r e t h e
a r r a n gem en t of t h is va lve is su ch t h a t
fu l l r e q u i r e d c a p a c i t y fl o w t h r o u g h t h e
s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e i s a l w a y s a ffo r d e d .
(i x ) S a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l h a v e d i -
r ect com m u n ica t ion wit h t h e va por
spa ce of t h e con t a in er a t a ll t im es.
(x ) E a c h c o n t a i n e r s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e
u sed wit h sy st em s cover ed by pa r a -
g r a p h s (d ), (e ), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , except a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(e )(3)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e p l a i n l y
a n d p e r m a n e n t l y m a r k e d w i t h t h e fo l -
l o w i n g : ‘‘Co n t a i n e r T y p e ’’ o f t h e p r e s -
su r e vessel on wh ich t h e va lve is de-
sign ed t o be in st a lled; t h e pr essu r e in
p .s .i .g . a t w h i c h t h e v a l v e i s s e t t o d i s -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ch a r ge; t h e a ct u a l r a t e of disch a r ge of
305
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§ 1910.110
t h e v a l v e i n c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f
a i r a t 60 °F . a n d 14.7 p .s .i .a .; a n d t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s n a m e a n d c a t a l o g n u m -
b e r , fo r e x a m p l e : T 200–250–4050 A I R —i n -
d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e v a l v e i s s u i t a b l e fo r
u s e o n a T y p e 200 c o n t a i n e r , t h a t i t i s
s e t t o s t a r t t o d i s c h a r g e a t 250 p .s .i .g .;
a n d t h a t i t s r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e i s 4,050
c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f a i r a s d e t e r -
m i n e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i i ) o f t h i s s u b -
pa r a gr a ph .
(x i ) S a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e a s s e m b l i e s , i n -
clu din g t h eir con n ect ion s, sh a ll be of
s u ffi c i e n t s i ze s o a s t o p r o v i d e t h e r a t e
o f fl o w r e q u i r e d fo r t h e c o n t a i n e r o n
wh ich t h ey a r e in st a lled.
(x i i ) A h y d r o s t a t i c r e l i e f v a l v e s h a l l
be in st a lled bet ween ea ch pa ir of sh u t -
o ff v a l v e s o n l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s
l i q u i d p i p i n g s o a s t o r e l i e v e i n t o a s a fe
a t m osph er e. The s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e
pr essu r e set t in g of su ch r elief va lves
s h a l l n o t b e i n e x c e s s o f 500 p .s .i .g . T h e
m in im u m set t in g on r elief va lves in -
st a lled in pipin g con n ect ed t o ot h er
t h a n D OT c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l n o t b e l o w e r
t h a n 140 p e r c e n t o f t h e c o n t a i n e r r e l i e f
va lve set t in g a n d in pipin g con n ect ed
t o D OT c o n t a i n e r s n o t l o w e r t h a n 400
p .s .i .g . T h e s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e
set t in g of su ch a r elief va lve, if in -
st a lled on t h e disch a r ge side of a pu m p,
sh a ll be gr ea t er t h a n t h e m a xim u m
pr essu r e per m it t ed by t h e r ecir cu la t ion
device in t h e sy st em .
(x i i i ) T h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m a n y s a fe t y
r elief device sh a ll n ot t er m in a t e in or
ben ea t h a n y bu ildin g, except r elief de-
v i c e s c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h s (b )(6)(i ) (a )
t h r o u g h (e) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , o r p a r a -
g r a p h s (c ) (4)(i ) o r (5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(x i v ) Co n t a i n e r s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s
a n d r egu la t or r elief ven t s sh a ll be lo-
c a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n fi v e (5) fe e t i n a n y
d i r e c t i o n fr o m a i r o p e n i n g s i n t o s e a l e d
com bu st ion sy st em a pplia n ces or m e-
ch a n ica l ven t ila t ion a ir in t a k es.
(11) V a p oriz er a n d h ou sin g. (i ) I n d i r e c t
fi r e d v a p o r i ze r s u t i l i zi n g s t e a m , w a t e r ,
or ot h er h ea t in g m ediu m sh a ll be con -
s t r u c t e d a n d i n s t a l l e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d i n
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h (b )(3) (i )–(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
a n d sh a ll be per m a n en t ly m a r k ed a s
fo l l o w s :
(1) Wi t h t h e c o d e m a r k i n g s i g n i fy i n g
t h e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s t o w h i c h t h e v a p o r -
i ze r i s c o n s t r u c t e d .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
(2) Wi t h t h e a l l o w a b l e w o r k i n g p r e s -
s u r e a n d t e m p e r a t u r e fo r w h i c h t h e v a -
p o r i ze r i s d e s i g n e d .
(3) Wi t h t h e s u m o f t h e o u t s i d e s u r -
fa c e a r e a a n d t h e i n s i d e h e a t e x c h a n g e
s u r fa c e a r e a e x p r e s s e d i n s q u a r e fe e t .
(4) Wi t h t h e n a m e o r s y m b o l o f t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(b) V a p o r i ze r s h a v i n g a n i n s i d e d i -
a m et er of 6 in ch es or less exem pt ed by
t h e A S M E U n fi r e d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l
Co d e , S e c t i o n V I I I o f t h e A S M E B o i l e r
a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l Co d e —1968 s h a l l
h a v e a d e s i g n p r e s s u r e n o t l e s s t h a n 250
p .s .i .g . a n d n e e d n o t b e p e r m a n e n t l y
m a r k ed.
(c) H e a t i n g o r c o o l i n g c o i l s s h a l l n o t
be in st a lled in side a st or a ge con t a in er .
(d ) V a p o r i ze r s m a y b e i n s t a l l e d i n
b u i l d i n g s , r o o m s , s h e d s , o r l e a n -t o s
u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y fo r g a s m a n u fa c t u r i n g
or dist r ibu t ion , or in ot h er st r u ct u r es
of ligh t , n on com bu st ible con st r u ct ion
or equ iva len t , well ven t ila t ed n ea r t h e
fl o o r l i n e a n d r o o f.
Wh e n v a p o r i zi n g a n d /o r m i x i n g e q u i p -
m en t is loca t ed in a st r u ct u r e or bu ild-
i n g n o t u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y fo r g a s m a n u -
fa c t u r i n g o r d i s t r i b u t i o n , e i t h e r a t -
t a ch ed t o or wit h in su ch a bu ildin g,
su ch st r u ct u r e or r oom sh a ll be sepa -
r a t e d fr o m t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e b u i l d -
in g by a wa ll design ed t o wit h st a n d a
s t a t i c p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 100 p o u n d s
p e r s q u a r e fo o t . T h i s w a l l s h a l l h a v e n o
open in gs or pipe or con du it pa ssin g
t h r ou gh it . S u ch st r u ct u r e or r oom
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a dequ a t e ven -
t ila t ion a n d sh a ll h a ve a r oof or a t
lea st on e ext er ior wa ll of ligh t weigh t
con st r u ct ion .
(e) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l h a v e , a t o r n e a r
t h e d i s c h a r g e , a s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e p r o -
v i d i n g a n e ffe c t i v e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(i i i )
of t h is sect ion , except a s pr ovided in
p a r a g r a p h (d )(4)(v )(a ), o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(f ) T h e h e a t i n g m e d i u m l i n e s i n t o
a n d l e a v i n g t h e v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h s u i t a b l e m e a n s fo r p r e -
v e n t i n g t h e fl o w o f g a s i n t o t h e h e a t
sy st em s in t h e even t of t u be r u pt u r e in
t h e v a p o r i ze r . V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h su it a ble a u t om a t ic m ea n s
t o pr even t liqu id pa ssin g t h r ou gh t h e
v a p o r i ze r s t o t h e g a s d i s c h a r g e p i p i n g .
(g) T h e d e v i c e t h a t s u p p l i e s t h e n e c -
e s s a r y h e a t fo r p r o d u c i n g s t e a m , h o t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wa t er , or ot h er h ea t in g m ediu m m a y
306
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00316 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
be in st a lled in a bu ildin g, com pa r t -
m e n t , r o o m , o r l e a n -t o w h i c h s h a l l b e
v e n t i l a t e d n e a r t h e fl o o r l i n e a n d r o o f
t o t h e ou t side. T h e device loca t ion
s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m a l l c o m p a r t -
m e n t s o r r o o m s c o n t a i n i n g l i q u e fi e d
p e t r o l e u m g a s v a p o r i ze r s , p u m p s , a n d
cen t r a l ga s m ixin g devices by a wa ll
design ed t o wit h st a n d a st a t ic pr essu r e
o f a t l e a s t 100 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
T h is wa ll sh a ll h a ve n o open in gs or
pipes or con du it pa ssin g t h r ou gh it .
T h is r equ ir em en t does n ot a pply t o t h e
dom est ic wa t er h ea t er s wh ich m a y su p-
p l y h e a t fo r a v a p o r i ze r i n a d o m e s t i c
sy st em .
(h ) G a s -fi r e d h e a t i n g s y s t e m s s u p -
p l y i n g h e a t e x c l u s i v e l y fo r v a p o r i za -
t ion pu r poses sh a ll be equ ipped wit h
a u t o m a t i c s a fe t y d e v i c e s t o s h u t o ff
t h e fl o w o f g a s t o m a i n b u r n e r s , i f t h e
p i l o t l i g h t s h o u l d fa i l .
(i) V a p o r i ze r s m a y b e a n i n t e g r a l p a r t
o f a fu e l s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r d i r e c t l y
con n ect ed t o t h e liqu id sect ion or ga s
sect ion or bot h .
(j) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l n o t b e e q u i p p e d
w i t h fu s i b l e p l u g s .
(k ) V a p o r i ze r h o u s e s s h a l l n o t h a v e
u n pr ot ect ed dr a in s t o sewer s or su m p
pit s.
(i i ) A t m o s p h e r i c v a p o r i ze r s e m p l o y -
i n g h e a t fr o m t h e g r o u n d o r s u r -
r o u n d i n g a i r s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d a s fo l -
lows:
(a ) B u r i e d u n d e r g r o u n d , o r
(b) L o c a t e d i n s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g c l o s e
t o a poin t a t wh ich pipe en t er s t h e
bu ildin g pr ovided t h e ca pa cit y of t h e
u n it does n ot exceed 1 qu a r t .
(c) V a p o r i ze r s o f l e s s t h a n 1 q u a r t c a -
pa cit y h ea t ed by t h e gr ou n d or su r -
r ou n din g a ir , n eed n ot be equ ipped wit h
s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s p r o v i d e d t h a t a d e -
qu a t e t est s dem on st r a t e t h a t t h e a s-
s e m b l y i s s a fe w i t h o u t s a fe t y r e l i e f
va lves.
(i i i ) D i r e c t g a s -fi r e d v a p o r i ze r s s h a l l
be con st r u ct ed, m a r k ed, a n d in st a lled
a s fo l l o w s :
(a )(1) I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s of t h e Am er ica n S ociet y of Me-
ch a n ica l E n gin eer s Boiler a n d P r essu r e
V e s s e l Co d e —1968 t h a t a r e a p p l i c a b l e t o
t h e m a x i m u m w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s fo r
w h i c h t h e v a p o r i ze r i s d e s i g n e d .
(2) Wi t h t h e n a m e o f t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r er ; r a t ed BT U in pu t t o t h e bu r n er ;
t h e a r e a o f t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e s u r fa c e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
i n s q u a r e fe e t ; t h e o u t s i d e s u r fa c e o f
t h e v a p o r i ze r i n s q u a r e fe e t ; a n d t h e
m a x i m u m v a p o r i zi n g c a p a c i t y i n g a l -
lon s per h ou r .
(b)(1) V a p o r i ze r s m a y b e c o n n e c t e d t o
t h e liqu id sect ion or t h e ga s sect ion of
t h e st or a ge con t a in er , or bot h ; bu t in
a n y ca se t h er e sh a ll be a t t h e con t a in er
a m a n u a lly oper a t ed va lve in ea ch con -
n ect ion t o per m it com plet ely sh u t t in g
o ff w h e n d e s i r e d , o f a l l fl o w o f g a s o r
l i q u i d fr o m c o n t a i n e r t o v a p o r i ze r .
(2) V a p o r i ze r s w i t h c a p a c i t y n o t e x -
c e e d i n g 35 g a l l o n s p e r h o u r s h a l l b e l o -
c a t e d a t l e a s t 5 fe e t fr o m c o n t a i n e r
s h u t o ff v a l v e s . V a p o r i ze r s h a v i n g c a -
p a c i t y o f m o r e t h a n 35 g a l l o n s b u t n o t
e x c e e d i n g 100 g a l l o n s p e r h o u r s h a l l b e
l o c a t e d a t l e a s t 10 fe e t fr o m t h e c o n -
t a i n e r s h u t o ff v a l v e s . V a p o r i ze r s h a v -
i n g a c a p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 100 g a l l o n s
p e r h o u r s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a t l e a s t 15
fe e t fr o m c o n t a i n e r s h u t o ff v a l v e s .
(c) V a p o r i ze r s m a y b e i n s t a l l e d i n
bu ildin gs, r oom s, h ou sin gs, sh eds, or
l e a n -t o s u s e d e x c l u s i v e l y fo r v a p o r i zi n g
o r m i x i n g o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s .
V a p o r i zi n g h o u s i n g s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l b e
of n on com bu st ible con st r u ct ion , well
v e n t i l a t e d n e a r t h e fl o o r l i n e a n d t h e
h i g h e s t p o i n t o f t h e r o o f. Wh e n v a p o r -
i ze r a n d /o r m i x i n g e q u i p m e n t i s l o c a t e d
in a st r u ct u r e or r oom a t t a ch ed t o or
wit h in a bu ildin g, su ch st r u ct u r e or
r o o m s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e r e -
m a in der of t h e bu ildin g by a wa ll de-
sign ed t o wit h st a n d a st a t ic pr essu r e of
a t l e a s t 100 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e fo o t .
T h is wa ll sh a ll h a ve n o open in gs or
pipes or con du it pa ssin g t h r ou gh it .
S u ch st r u ct u r e or r oom sh a ll be pr o-
vided wit h a dequ a t e ven t ila t ion , a n d
sh a ll h a ve a r oof or a t lea st on e ext e-
r ior wa ll of ligh t weigh t con st r u ct ion .
(d ) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l h a v e a t o r n e a r
t h e d i s c h a r g e , a s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e p r o -
v i d i n g a n e ffe c t i v e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(i i i )
of t h is sect ion . T h e r elief va lve sh a ll be
so loca t ed a s n ot t o be su bject ed t o
t e m p e r a t u r e s i n e x c e s s o f 140 °F .
(e) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
su it a ble a u t om a t ic m ea n s t o pr even t
l i q u i d p a s s i n g fr o m t h e v a p o r i ze r t o t h e
g a s d i s c h a r g e p i p i n g o f t h e v a p o r i ze r .
(f ) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
m e a n s fo r m a n u a l l y t u r n i n g o ff t h e g a s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t o t h e m a in bu r n er a n d pilot .
307
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00317 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
(g) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h
a u t o m a t i c s a fe t y d e v i c e s t o s h u t o ff
t h e fl o w o f g a s t o m a i n b u r n e r s i f t h e
p i l o t l i g h t s h o u l d fa i l . Wh e n t h e fl o w
t h r o u g h t h e p i l o t e x c e e d s 2,000 B .t .u .
per h ou r , t h e pilot a lso sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h a n a u t o m a t i c s a fe t y d e -
v i c e t o s h u t o ff t h e fl o w o f g a s t o t h e
p i l o t s h o u l d t h e p i l o t fl a m e b e e x t i n -
gu ish ed.
(h ) P r e s s u r e r e g u l a t i n g a n d p r e s s u r e
r e d u c i n g e q u i p m e n t i f l o c a t e d w i t h i n 10
fe e t o f a d i r e c t fi r e v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e
s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e o p e n fl a m e b y a
su bst a n t ia lly a ir t igh t n on com bu st ible
pa r t it ion or pa r t it ion s.
(i) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n (c) o f t h i s
s u b d i v i s i o n , t h e fo l l o w i n g m i n i m u m
dist a n ces sh a ll be m a in t a in ed bet ween
d i r e c t fi r e d v a p o r i ze r s a n d t h e n e a r e s t
im por t a n t bu ildin g or gr ou p of bu ild-
in gs:
T e n fe e t fo r v a p o r i ze r s h a v i n g a c a p a c i t y o f
15 g a l l o n s p e r h o u r o r l e s s v a p o r i zi n g c a -
pa cit y .
T w e n t y -fi v e fe e t fo r v a p o r i ze r s h a v i n g a v a -
p o r i zi n g c a p a c i t y o f 16 t o 100 g a l l o n s p e r
h ou r .
F i ft y fe e t fo r v a p o r i ze r s h a v i n g a v a p o r i zi n g
c a p a c i t y e x c e e d i n g 100 g a l l o n s p e r h o u r .
(j) D i r e c t fi r e d v a p o r i ze r s s h a l l n o t
r a ise t h e pr odu ct pr essu r e a bove t h e
d e s i g n p r e s s u r e o f t h e v a p o r i ze r e q u i p -
m en t n or sh a ll t h ey r a ise t h e pr odu ct
pr essu r e wit h in t h e st or a ge con t a in er
a bove t h e pr essu r e sh own in t h e secon d
c o l u m n o f T a b l e H –31.
(k ) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l n o t b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h fu s i b l e p l u g s .
(l) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l n o t h a v e u n p r o -
t ect ed dr a in s t o sewer s or su m p pit s.
(i v ) D i r e c t g a s -fi r e d t a n k h e a t e r s
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a n d in st a lled a s
fo l l o w s :
(a ) D i r e c t g a s -fi r e d t a n k h e a t e r s , a n d
t a n k s t o wh ich t h ey a r e a pplied, sh a ll
on ly be in st a lled a bove gr ou n d.
(b) T a n k h e a t e r s s h a l l b e p e r m a -
n en t ly m a r k ed wit h t h e n a m e of t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r , t h e r a t e d B .t .u . i n p u t t o
t h e bu r n er , a n d t h e m a xim u m va por -
i zi n g c a p a c i t y i n g a l l o n s p e r h o u r .
(c) T a n k h e a t e r s m a y b e a n i n t e g r a l
p a r t o f a fu e l s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r d i -
r ect ly con n ect ed t o t h e con t a in er liq-
u id sect ion , or va por sect ion , or bot h .
(d ) T a n k h e a t e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h a m e a n s fo r m a n u a l l y t u r n i n g o ff
t h e ga s t o t h e m a in bu r n er a n d pilot .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

(e) T a n k h e a t e r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
w i t h a n a u t o m a t i c s a fe t y d e v i c e t o
s h u t o ff t h e fl o w o f g a s t o m a i n b u r n -
e r s , i f t h e p i l o t l i g h t s h o u l d fa i l . Wh e n
fl o w t h r o u g h p i l o t e x c e e d s 2,000 B .t .u .
per h ou r , t h e pilot a lso sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h a n a u t o m a t i c s a fe t y d e -
v i c e t o s h u t o ff t h e fl o w o f g a s t o t h e
p i l o t s h o u l d t h e p i l o t fl a m e b e e x t i n -
gu ish ed.
(f ) P r e s s u r e r e g u l a t i n g a n d p r e s s u r e
r e d u c i n g e q u i p m e n t i f l o c a t e d w i t h i n 10
fe e t o f a d i r e c t fi r e d t a n k h e a t e r s h a l l
b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e o p e n fl a m e b y a
su bst a n t ia lly a ir t igh t n on com bu st ible
pa r t it ion .
(g) T h e fo l l o w i n g m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e s
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed bet ween a st or a ge
t a n k h e a t e d b y a d i r e c t fi r e d t a n k
h ea t er a n d t h e n ea r est im por t a n t
bu ildin g or gr ou p of bu ildin gs:
T e n fe e t fo r s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s o f l e s s t h a n
500 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y .
T w e n t y -fi v e fe e t fo r s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s o f 500
t o 1,200 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y .
F i ft y fe e t fo r s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s o f o v e r 1,200
ga llon s wa t er ca pa cit y .
(h ) N o d i r e c t fi r e d t a n k h e a t e r s h a l l
r a ise t h e pr odu ct pr essu r e wit h in t h e
s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r o v e r 75 p e r c e n t o f t h e
pr essu r e set ou t in t h e secon d colu m n
o f T a b l e H –31.
(v ) T h e v a p o r i ze r s e c t i o n o f v a p o r -
i ze r -b u r n e r s u s e d fo r d e h y d r a t o r s o r
dr y er s sh a ll be loca t ed ou t side of bu ild-
in gs; t h ey sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a n d in -
s t a l l e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) V a p o r i ze r -b u r n e r s s h a l l h a v e a
m i n i m u m d e s i g n p r e s s u r e o f 250 p .s .i .g .
w i t h a fa c t o r o f s a fe t y o f fi v e .
(b) M a n u a l l y o p e r a t e d p o s i t i v e s h u t -
o ff v a l v e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a t t h e c o n -
t a i n e r s t o s h u t o ff a l l fl o w t o t h e v a -
p o r i ze r -b u r n e r s .
(c) M i n i m u m d i s t a n c e s b e t w e e n s t o r -
a g e c o n t a i n e r s a n d v a p o r i ze r -b u r n e r s
s h a l l b e a s fo l l o w s :
Water capacity per container (gallons)
Less than 501 ......................................................
501 to 2,000 ........................................................
Over 2,000 ...........................................................
°F . T h e s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e s e t -
t in g sh a ll be su ch a s t o pr ot ect t h e
com pon en t s in volved, bu t n ot less t h a n
250 p .s .i .g . T h e d i s c h a r g e s h a l l b e d i -
r e c t e d u p w a r d a n d a w a y fr o m c o m p o -
n en t pa r t s of t h e equ ipm en t a n d a wa y
fr o m o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l .
(e) V a p o r i ze r -b u r n e r s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h m e a n s fo r m a n u a l l y t u r n i n g
o ff t h e g a s t o t h e m a i n b u r n e r a n d
pilot .
(f ) V a p o r i ze r -b u r n e r s sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h a u t o m a t i c s a fe t y d e v i c e s
t o s h u t o ff t h e fl o w o f g a s t o t h e m a i n
bu r n er a n d pilot in t h e even t t h e pilot
is ext in gu ish ed.
(g) P r e s s u r e r e g u l a t i n g a n d c o n t r o l
equ ipm en t sh a ll be loca t ed or pr o-
t ect ed so t h a t t h e t em per a t u r es su r -
r ou n din g t h is equ ipm en t sh a ll n ot ex-
c e e d 140 °F . e x c e p t t h a t e q u i p m e n t
com pon en t s m a y be u sed a t h igh er
t em per a t u r es if design ed t o wit h st a n d
su ch t em per a t u r es.
(h ) P r e s s u r e r e g u l a t i n g a n d c o n t r o l
equ ipm en t wh en loca t ed down st r ea m of
t h e v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o w i t h -
st a n d t h e m a xim u m disch a r ge t em -
per a t u r e of t h e va por .
(i) T h e v a p o r i ze r s e c t i o n o f v a p o r i ze r -
b u r n e r s s h a l l n o t b e p r o v i d e d w i t h fu s i -
ble plu gs.
(j) V a p o r i ze r c o i l s o r j a c k e t s s h a l l b e
m a d e o f fe r r o u s m e t a l o r h i g h t e m p e r a -
t u r e a lloy s.
(k ) E q u i p m e n t u t i l i zi n g v a p o r i ze r -
bu r n er s sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a u t o-
m a t i c s h u t o ff d e v i c e s u p s t r e a m a n d
d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e v a p o r i ze r s e c t i o n
con n ect ed so a s t o oper a t e in t h e even t
o f e x c e s s i v e t e m p e r a t u r e , fl a m e fa i l u r e ,
a n d , i f a p p l i c a b l e , i n s u ffi c i e n t a i r fl o w .
(12) F illin g d en sit ies. (i ) T h e ‘‘fi l l i n g
d e n s i t y ’’ i s d e fi n e d a s t h e p e r c e n t r a t i o
of t h e weigh t of t h e ga s in a con t a in er
t o t h e weigh t of wa t er t h e con t a in er
w i l l h o l d a t 60 °F . A l l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l
b e fi l l e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e fi l l i n g d e n -
Minimum s i t i e s s h o w n i n T a b l e H –27.
distances
(feet) TABLE H–27—MAXIMUM PERMITTED FILLING
10 DENSITY
25
50 Above ground containers

0 to 1,200 Over 1,200 Under

Specific gravity
(d ) T h e v a p o r i ze r s e c t i o n o f v a p o r - at 60 °F. (15.6 U.S. gals. U.S. gals. ground con-
(1,000 imp. (1,000 imp. tainers, all
i ze r -b u r n e r s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y a h y - °C.) gal., 4,550 gal., 4,550 capacities
dr ost a t ic r elief va lve. T h e r elief va lve liters) total liters) total
water cap. water cap.
sh a ll be loca t ed so a s n ot t o be su b-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

j e c t e d t o t e m p e r a t u r e s i n e x c e s s o f 140 Percent Percent Percent

308

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.110

TABLE H–27—MAXIMUM PERMITTED FILLING r e d u c t i o n , g a s m i x i n g , g a s m a n u fa c -

DENSITY—Continued t u r in g, or dist r ibu t ion , or t o h ou se in -
t er n a l com bu st ion en gin es, in du st r ia l
Above ground containers
pr ocesses, r esea r ch a n d exper im en t a l
Specific gravity 0 to 1,200 Over 1,200 Under la bor a t or ies, or equ ipm en t a n d pr oc-
U.S. gals. U.S. gals. ground con-
at 60 °F. (15.6 esses u sin g su ch ga s a n d h a vin g sim ila r
(1,000 imp. (1,000 imp. tainers, all
°C.) gal., 4,550 gal., 4,550 capacities h a za r d ; a n d w h e n s u c h b u i l d i n g s , o r
liters) total liters) total
water cap. water cap. sepa r a t e a r ea s t h er eof a r e con st r u ct ed
in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is sect ion .
0 .496–0 .503 41 44 45 (b) B u i l d i n g s , s t r u c t u r e s , o r e q u i p -
.504– .510 42 45 46
.511– .519 43 46 47 m en t u n der con st r u ct ion or u n der goin g
.520– .527 44 47 48 m a jor r en ova t ion pr ovided t h e t em -
.528– .536 45 48 49 p o r a r y p i p i n g m e e t s t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n -
.537– .544 46 49 50
.545– .552 47 50 51
dit ion s:
.553– .560 48 51 52 (1) L i q u i d p i p i n g i n s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g
.561– .568 49 52 53 s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
.569– .576 50 53 54 p a r a g r a p h (b )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d
.577– .584 51 54 55
.585– .592 52 55 56 s h a l l n o t e x c e e d t h r e e -fo u r t h s i r o n p i p e
.593– .600 53 56 57 s i ze . Co p p e r t u b i n g w i t h a n o u t s i d e d i -
a m e t e r o f t h r e e -fo u r t h s i n c h o r l e s s
(i i ) E x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h m a y b e u s e d p r o v i d e d i t c o n fo r m s t o
(b )(12)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n y c o n - T y p e K o f S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r S e a m l e s s
t a in er in clu din g m obile ca r go t a n k s Wa t e r T u b e , A N S I H 23.1–1970 (A S T M
a n d por t a ble t a n k con t a in er s r ega r d- B 88–69) (s e e T a b l e H –24). A l l s u c h p i p -
l e s s o f s i ze o r c o n s t r u c t i o n , s h i p p e d in g sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st con st r u c-
u n d e r D OT j u r i s d i c t i o n o r c o n s t r u c t e d t i o n h a za r d s . L i q u i d p i p i n g i n s i d e
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h 49 CF R c h a p t e r I bu ildin gs sh a ll be k ept t o a m in im u m .
S p e c i fi c a t i o n s s h a l l b e c h a r g e d a c c o r d - S u c h p i p i n g s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y fa s t e n e d
i n g t o 49 CF R c h a p t e r I r e q u i r e m e n t s . t o w a l l s o r o t h e r s u r fa c e s s o a s t o p r o -
(i i i ) P o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s n o t s u b j e c t v i d e a d e q u a t e p r o t e c t i o n fr o m b r e a k -
t o D OT j u r i s d i c t i o n (s u c h a s , b u t n o t a ge a n d so loca t ed a s t o su bject t h e liq-
l i m i t e d t o , m o t o r fu e l c o n t a i n e r s o n i n - u id lin e t o lowest a m bien t t em per a -
d u s t r i a l a n d l i ft t r u c k s , a n d fa r m t r a c - t u r es.
t o r s c o v e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s (2) A s h u t o ff v a l v e s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d
sect ion , or con t a in er s r ech a r ged a t t h e in ea ch in t er m edia t e br a n ch lin e wh er e
i n s t a l l a t i o n ) m a y b e fi l l e d e i t h e r b y i t t a k e s o ff t h e m a i n l i n e a n d s h a l l b e
w e i g h t , o r b y v o l u m e u s i n g a fi x e d r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e . A s h u t o ff v a l v e s h a l l
len gt h dip t u be ga gin g device. a lso be pla ced a t t h e a pplia n ce en d of
(13) L P -Ga s in bu ild in gs. (i ) V a p o r t h e in t er m edia t e br a n ch lin e. S u ch
sh a ll be piped in t o bu ildin gs a t pr es- s h u t o ff v a l v e s h a l l b e u p s t r e a m o f a n y
s u r e s i n e x c e s s o f 20 p .s .i .g . o n l y i f t h e fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t o r u s e d w i t h t h e a p p l i -
b u i l d i n g s o r s e p a r a t e a r e a s t h e r e o f, (a ) a n ce.
a r e con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is (3) S u i t a b l e e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s s h a l l
s e c t i o n ; (b) a r e u s e d e x c u s i v e l y t o be in st a lled in t h e con t a in er ou t let lin e
h o u s e e q u i p m e n t fo r v a p o r i za t i o n , p r e s - s u p p l y i n g l i q u i d L P -G a s t o t h e b u i l d -
su r e r edu ct ion , ga s m ixin g, ga s m a n u - i n g . A s u i t a b l e e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s h a l l
fa c t u r i n g , o r d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r t o h o u s e be in st a lled im m edia t ely down st r ea m
in t er n a l com bu st ion en gin es, in du st r ia l o f e a c h s h u t o ff v a l v e . S u i t a b l e e x c e s s
pr ocesses, r esea r ch a n d exper im en t a l fl o w v a l v e s s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d w h e r e
la bor a t or ies, or equ ipm en t a n d pr oc- p i p i n g s i ze i s r e d u c e d a n d s h a l l b e s i ze d
esses u sin g su ch ga s a n d h a vin g sim ila r fo r t h e r e d u c e d s i ze p i p i n g .
h a za r d ; (c) b u i l d i n g s , s t r u c t u r e s , o r (4) H y d r o s t a t i c r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e
equ ipm en t u n der con st r u ct ion or u n - in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph
der goin g m a jor r en ova t ion . (b )(10)(x i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) L i q u i d m a y b e p e r m i t t e d i n b u i l d - (5) T h e u s e o f h o s e t o c a r r y l i q u i d b e -
i n g s a s fo l l o w s : t ween t h e con t a in er a n d t h e bu ildin g
(a ) B u i l d i n g s , o r s e p a r a t e a r e a s o f or a t a n y poin t in t h e liqu id lin e, ex-
bu ildin gs, u sed exclu sively t o h ou se cept a t t h e a pplia n ce con n ect or , sh a ll
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

e q u i p m e n t fo r v a p o r i za t i o n , p r e s s u r e be pr oh ibit ed.

309

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 § 1910.110
(6) Wh e r e fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t o r s a r e n e c -
e s s a r y fo r a p p l i a n c e i n s t a l l a t i o n , s u c h
con n ect or s sh a ll be a s sh or t a s pr a c-
t ica ble a n d sh a ll com ply wit h pa r a -
g r a p h (b )(8)(i i ) o r (9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(7) R e l e a s e o f fu e l w h e n a n y s e c t i o n
of pipin g or a pplia n ces is discon n ect ed
s h a l l b e m i n i m i ze d b y e i t h e r o f t h e fo l -
lowin g m et h ods:
(i) U s i n g a n a p p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c
q u i c k -c l o s i n g c o u p l i n g (a t y p e c l o s i n g
in bot h dir ect ion s wh en cou pled in t h e
fu e l l i n e ), o r
(ii) Cl o s i n g t h e v a l v e n e a r e s t t o t h e
a pplia n ce a n d a llowin g t h e a pplia n ce
t o o p e r a t e u n t i l t h e fu e l i n t h e l i n e i s
con su m ed.
(iii) P o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l n o t b e
t a k en in t o bu ildin gs except a s pr ovided
i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(6)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(14) T ra n sf er of liqu id s. T h e e m p l o y e r
s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t (i ) a t l e a s t o n e a t -
t en da n t sh a ll r em a in close t o t h e
t r a n s fe r c o n n e c t i o n fr o m t h e t i m e t h e
c o n n e c t i o n s a r e fi r s t m a d e u n t i l t h e y
a r e fi n a l l y d i s c o n n e c t e d , d u r i n g t h e
t r a n s fe r o f t h e p r o d u c t .
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e fi l l e d o r u s e d
o n l y u p o n a u t h o r i za t i o n o f t h e o w n e r .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s m a n u fa c t u r e d i n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h s p e c i fi c a t i o n s o f 49 CF R
p a r t 178 a n d a u t h o r i ze d b y 49 CF R
c h a p t e r 1 a s a ‘‘s i n g l e t r i p ’’ o r ‘‘n o n -
r e fi l l a b l e c o n t a i n e r ’’ s h a l l n o t b e r e -
fi l l e d o r r e u s e d i n L P -G a s s e r v i c e .
(i v ) G a s o r l i q u i d s h a l l n o t b e v e n t e d
t o t h e a t m o s p h e r e t o a s s i s t i n t r a n s fe r -
r in g con t en t s of on e con t a in er t o a n -
ot h er , except a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(e )(5)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d e x c e p t t h a t
t h is sh a ll n ot pr eclu de t h e u se of list ed
p u m p u t i l i zi n g L P -G a s i n t h e v a p o r
ph a se a s a sou r ce of en er gy a n d ven t in g
su ch ga s t o t h e a t m osph er e a t a r a t e
n o t t o e x c e e d t h a t fr o m a N o . 31 d r i l l
s i ze o p e n i n g a n d p r o v i d e d t h a t s u c h
v e n t i n g a n d l i q u i d t r a n s fe r s h a l l b e l o -
c a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n 50 fe e t fr o m t h e
n ea r est im por t a n t bu ildin g.
(v ) F i l l i n g o f fu e l c o n t a i n e r s fo r i n -
d u s t r i a l t r u c k s o r m o t o r v e h i c l e s fr o m
in du st r ia l bu lk st or a ge con t a in er s
s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d n o t l e s s t h a n 10 fe e t
fr o m t h e n e a r e s t i m p o r t a n t m a s o n r y -
w a l l e d b u i l d i n g o r n o t l e s s t h a n 25 fe e t
fr o m t h e n e a r e s t i m p o r t a n t b u i l d i n g o r
ot h er con st r u ct ion a n d, in a n y even t ,
n o t l e s s t h a n 25 fe e t fr o m a n y b u i l d i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
open in g.
310
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(v i ) F i l l i n g o f p o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s ,
c o n t a i n e r s m o u n t e d o n s k i d s , fu e l c o n -
t a i n e r s o n fa r m t r a c t o r s , o r s i m i l a r a p -
p l i c a t i o n s , fr o m s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s
u sed in dom est ic or com m er cia l ser v-
i c e , s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d n o t l e s s t h a n 50
fe e t fr o m t h e n e a r e s t i m p o r t a n t b u i l d -
in g.
(v i i ) T h e fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n a n d t h e
v e n t fr o m t h e l i q u i d l e v e l g a g e s i n c o n -
t a i n e r s , fi l l e d a t p o i n t o f i n s t a l l a t i o n ,
s h a l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n 10 fe e t i n a n y d i -
r e c t i o n fr o m a i r o p e n i n g s i n t o s e a l e d
com bu st ion sy st em a pplia n ces or m e-
ch a n ica l ven t ila t ion a ir in t a k es.
(v i i i ) F u e l s u p p l y c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
ga ged a n d ch a r ged on ly in t h e open a ir
o r i n b u i l d i n g s e s p e c i a l l y p r o v i d e d fo r
t h a t pu r pose.
(i x ) T h e m a x i m u m v a p o r p r e s s u r e o f
t h e p r o d u c t a t 100 °F . w h i c h m a y b e
t r a n s fe r r e d i n t o a c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (d )(2) a n d
(e )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . (F o r D OT c o n -
t a i n e r s u s e D OT r e q u i r e m e n t s .)
(x ) M a r k e t e r s a n d u s e r s s h a l l e x e r c i s e
pr eca u t ion t o a ssu r e t h a t on ly t h ose
g a s e s fo r w h i c h t h e s y s t e m i s d e s i g n e d ,
exa m in ed, a n d list ed, a r e em ploy ed in
it s oper a t ion , pa r t icu la r ly wit h r ega r d
t o pr essu r es.
(x i ) P u m p s o r c o m p r e s s o r s s h a l l b e
d e s i g n e d fo r u s e w i t h L P -G a s . Wh e n
com pr essor s a r e u sed t h ey sh a ll n or -
m a l l y t a k e s u c t i o n fr o m t h e v a p o r
s p a c e o f t h e c o n t a i n e r b e i n g fi l l e d a n d
disch a r ge t o t h e va por spa ce of t h e con -
t a in er bein g em pt ied.
(x i i ) P u m pin g sy st em s, wh en
equ ipped wit h a posit ive displa cem en t
pu m p, sh a ll in clu de a r ecir cu la t in g de-
v i c e w h i c h s h a l l l i m i t t h e d i ffe r e n t i a l
pr essu r e on t h e pu m p u n der n or m a l op-
er a t in g con dit ion s t o t h e m a xim u m
d i ffe r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e r a t i n g o f t h e
pu m p. T h e disch a r ge of t h e pu m pin g
sy st em sh a ll be pr ot ect ed so t h a t pr es-
s u r e d o e s n o t e x c e e d 350 p .s .i .g . I f a r e -
cir cu la t ion sy st em disch a r ges in t o t h e
su pply t a n k a n d con t a in s a m a n u a l
s h u t o ff v a l v e , a n a d e q u a t e s e c o n d a r y
s a fe t y r e c i r c u l a t i o n s y s t e m s h a l l b e i n -
cor por a t ed wh ich sh a ll h a ve n o m ea n s
of r en der in g it in oper a t ive. Ma n u a l
s h u t o ff v a l v e s i n r e c i r c u l a t i o n s y s t e m s
sh a ll be k ept open except du r in g a n
em er gen cy or wh en r epa ir s a r e bein g
m a de t o t h e sy st em .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.110

(x i i i ) Wh e n n e c e s s a r y , u n l o a d i n g p i p -
in g or h oses sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
s u i t a b l e b l e e d e r v a l v e s fo r r e l i e v i n g
p r e s s u r e b e fo r e d i s c o n n e c t i o n .
(x i v ) A g r i c u l t u r a l a i r m o v i n g e q u i p -
m en t , in clu din g cr op dr y er s, sh a ll be
sh u t down wh en su pply con t a in er s a r e
b e i n g fi l l e d u n l e s s t h e a i r i n t a k e s a n d
sou r ces of ign it ion on t h e equ ipm en t
a r e l o c a t e d 50 fe e t o r m o r e fr o m t h e
con t a in er .
(x v ) A g r i c u l t u r a l e q u i p m e n t e m p l o y -
i n g o p e n fl a m e s o r e q u i p m e n t w i t h i n -
t e g r a l c o n t a i n e r s , s u c h a s fl a m e c u l -
t iva t or s, weed bu r n er s, a n d, in a ddi-
t ion , t r a ct or s, sh a ll be sh u t down du r -
i n g r e fu e l i n g .
(15) T a n k ca r or t ra n sp ort t ru ck loa d in g
or u n loa d in g p oin t s a n d op era t ion s. (i )
T h e t r a ck of t a n k ca r sidin g sh a ll be
r ela t ively level.
(i i ) A ‘‘T a n k Ca r Co n n e c t e d ’’ s i g n , a s
c o v e r e d b y D OT r u l e s , s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled a t t h e a ct ive en d or en ds of t h e
sidin g wh ile t h e t a n k ca r is con n ect ed.
(i i i ) Wh i l e c a r s a r e o n s i d e t r a c k fo r
loa din g or u n loa din g, t h e wh eels a t
bot h en ds sh a ll be block ed on t h e r a ils.
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i n s u r e t h a t
a n em ploy ee is in a t t en da n ce a t a ll
t im es wh ile t h e t a n k ca r , ca r s, or
t r u ck s a r e bein g loa ded or u n loa ded.
(v ) A b a c k fl o w c h e c k v a l v e , e x c e s s -
fl o w v a l v e , o r a s h u t o ff v a l v e w i t h
m ea n s of r em ot e closin g, t o pr ot ect
a ga in st u n con t r olled disch a r ge of L P -
G a s fr o m s t o r a g e t a n k p i p i n g s h a l l b e
in st a lled close t o t h e poin t wh er e t h e
liqu id pipin g a n d h ose or swin g join t
pipe is con n ect ed.
(v i ) Wh e r e p r a c t i c a l , t h e d i s t a n c e o f
t h e u n loa din g or loa din g poin t sh a ll
TABLE H–28
Part Location
c o n fo r m t o t h e d i s t a n c e s i n s u b p a r a -
g r a p h (6)(i i ) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
(16) I n st ru ct ion s. P er son n el per -
fo r m i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n , r e m o v a l , o p e r -
a t ion , a n d m a in t en a n ce wor k sh a ll be
p r o p e r l y t r a i n e d i n s u c h fu n c t i o n .
(17) E lect rica l equ ip m en t a n d ot h er
sou rces of ign it ion . (i ) E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p -
m en t a n d wir in g sh a ll be of a t y pe
s p e c i fi e d b y a n d s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n
a ccor da n ce wit h su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t ,
fo r o r d i n a r y l o c a t i o n s e x c e p t t h a t fi x e d
e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t i n c l a s s i fi e d a r e a s
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h s u b p a r a g r a p h (18) o f
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) Op e n fl a m e s o r o t h e r s o u r c e s o f
ign it ion sh a ll n ot be per m it t ed in va -
p o r i ze r r o o m s (e x c e p t t h o s e h o u s i n g d i -
r e c t -fi r e d v a p o r i ze r s ), pu m ph ou ses,
con t a in er ch a r gin g r oom s or ot h er
s i m i l a r l o c a t i o n s . D i r e c t -fi r e d v a p o r -
i ze r s s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d i n p u m p -
h ou ses or con t a in er ch a r gin g r oom s.
(i i i ) L i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s s t o r a g e
con t a in er s do n ot r equ ir e ligh t n in g
pr ot ect ion .
(i v ) S i n c e l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s i s
con t a in ed in a closed sy st em of pipin g
a n d equ ipm en t , t h e sy st em n eed n ot be
elect r ica lly con du ct ive or elect r ica lly
b o n d e d fo r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t s t a t i c
elect r icit y .
(v ) Op e n fl a m e s (e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d
fo r i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(11) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ),
cu t t in g or weldin g, por t a ble elect r ic
t ools, a n d ext en sion ligh t s ca pa ble of
i g n i t i n g L P -G a s , s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d
w i t h i n c l a s s i fi e d a r e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
T a b l e H –28 u n l e s s t h e L P -G a s fa c i l i t i e s
h a v e b e e n fr e e d o f a l l l i q u i d a n d v a p o r ,
or specia l pr eca u t ion s obser ved u n der
c a r e fu l l y c o n t r o l l e d c o n d i t i o n s .
Equipment shall be
Extent of classified area 1 suitable for Class 1,
Group D 2

A ..... Storage containers other than
DOT cylinders.
B ..... Tank vehicle and tank car
loading and unloading 3.
C ..... Gage vent openings other than
those on DOT cylinders.
D ..... Relief valve discharge other Within direct path of discharge ..................................................
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
Within 15 feet in all directions from connections, except con- Division 2.
nections otherwise covered in Table H–28.
Within 5 feet in all directions from connections regularly made Division 1.
or disconnected for product transfer.
Beyond 5 feet but within 15 feet in all directions from a point Division 2.
where connections are regularly made or disconnected and
within the cylindrical volume between the horizontal equator
of the sphere and grade. (See Figure H–1).
Within 5 feet in all directions from point of discharge ............... Division 1.
Beyond 5 feet but within 15 feet in all directions from point of
discharge.
Division 2.
Division 1.

than those on DOT cylinders.

Within 5 feet in all directions from point of discharge ............... Division 1.

311

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 § 1910.110
Part Location
E ..... Pumps, compressors, gas-air
mixers and vaporizers other
than direct fired.
Indoors without ventilation .......
Indoors with adequate ventila-
tion 4.
Outdoors in open air at or
abovegrade.
F ..... Service Station Dispensing
Units.
G ..... Pits or trenches containing or
located beneath LP-Gas
valves, pumps, compressors,
regulators, and similar equip-
ment.
Without mechanical ventilation
With adequate mechanical
ventilation.
H ..... Special buildings or rooms for
storage of portable con-
tainers.
Pipelines and connections con-
taining operational bleeds,
drips, vents or drains.
J ...... Container filling:.
Indoors without ventilation .......
Indoors with adequate ventila-
tion 4.
Outdoors in open air ................
1 The classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof, or solid vaportight partition.
2 See subpart S of this part.
3 When classifying extent of hazardous area, consideration shall be given to possible variations in the spotting of tank cars and
tank vehicles at the unloading points and the effect these variations of actual spotting point may have on the point of connection.
4 Ventilation, either natural or mechanical, is considered adequate when the concentration of the gas in a gas-air mixture does
not exceed 25 percent of the lower flammable limit under normal operating conditions.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
TABLE H–28—Continued
Equipment shall be
Extent of classified area 1 suitable for Class 1,
Group D 2
Beyond 5 feet but within 15 feet in all directions from point of Division 2.
discharge except within the direct path of discharge.
.
Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a gas- Division 1.
tight partition.
Within 15 feet of the exterior side of any exterior wall or roof Division 2.
that is not vaportight or within 15 feet of any exterior open-
ing.
Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a gas- Division 2.
tight partition.
Within 15 feet in all directions from this equipment and within Division 2.
the cylindrical volume between the horizontal equator of the
sphere and grade. See Figure H–1.
Entire space within dispenser enclosure, and 18 inches hori- Division 1.
zontally from enclosure exterior up to an elevation 4 ft.
above dispenser base. Entire pit or open space beneath
dispenser.
Up to 18 inches abovegrade within 20 ft. horizontally from any Division 2.
edge of enclosure.
NOTE: For pits within this area, see Part F of this table..
.
Entire pit or trench ..................................................................... Division 1.
Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a gas- Division 1.
tight partition.
Within 15 feet in all directions from pit or trench when located Division 2.
outdoors.
Entire pit or trench ..................................................................... Division 2.
Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a gas- Division 2.
tight partition.
Within 15 feet in all directions from pit or trench when located Division 2.
outdoors.
Entire room ................................................................................. Division 2.
Within 5 ft. in all directions from point of discharge .................. Division 1.
Beyond 5 ft. from point of discharge, same as Part E of this
table.
Entire room ................................................................................. Division 1.
Within 5 feet in all directions from connections regularly made Division 1.
or disconnected for product transfer.
Beyond 5 feet and entire room .................................................. Division 2.
Within 5 feet in all directions from connections regularly made Division 1.
or disconnected for product transfer.
Beyond 5 feet but within 15 feet in all directions from a point Division 2.
where connections are regularly made or disconnected and
within the cylindrical volume between the horizontal equator
of the sphere and grade. (See Figure H–1).
312
Frm 00322 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
F I G U R E H –1
(18) F ix ed elect rica l equ ip m en t in cla ssi-
f ied a rea s. F i x e d e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t
a n d w i r i n g i n s t a l l e d w i t h i n c l a s s i fi e d
a r e a s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e H –28 s h a l l c o m -
p l y w i t h T a b l e H –28 a n d s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h S u bpa r t S of
t h is pa r t . T h is pr ovision does n ot a pply
t o fi x e d e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a t r e s i -
den t ia l or com m er cia l in st a lla t ion s of
L P -G a s s y s t e m s o r t o s y s t e m s c o v e r e d
b y p a r a g r a p h (e ) o r (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(19) L iqu id -lev el ga gin g d ev ice. (i ) E a c h
c o n t a i n e r m a n u fa c t u r e d a ft e r D e c e m -
b e r 31, 1965, a n d fi l l e d o n a v o l u m e t r i c
b a s i s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h a fi x e d l i q -
u i d -l e v e l g a g e t o i n d i c a t e t h e m a x -
i m u m p e r m i t t e d fi l l i n g l e v e l a s p r o -
v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(19)(v ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n . E a c h c o n t a i n e r m a n u fa c t u r e d
a ft e r D e c e m b e r 31, 1969, s h a l l h a v e p e r -
m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o t h e con t a in er a d-
j a c e n t t o t h e fi x e d l e v e l g a g e a m a r k -
i n g s h o w i n g t h e p e r c e n t a g e fu l l t h a t
w i l l b e s h o w n b y t h a t g a g e . Wh e n a
v a r i a b l e l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e i s a l s o p r o -
v i d e d , t h e fi x e d l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e w i l l
a l s o s e r v e a s a m e a n s fo r c h e c k i n g t h e
va r ia ble ga ge. T h ese ga ges sh a ll be
u sed in ch a r gin g con t a in er s a s r equ ir ed
i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(12) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) A l l v a r i a b l e g a g i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l
be a r r a n ged so t h a t t h e m a xim u m liq-
u i d l e v e l fo r b u t a n e , fo r a 50–50 m i x t u r e
o f b u t a n e a n d p r o p a n e , a n d fo r p r o p a n e ,
t o wh ich t h e con t a in er m a y be ch a r ged
is r ea dily det er m in a ble. T h e m a r k in gs
in dica t in g t h e va r iou s liqu id levels
fr o m e m p t y t o fu l l s h a l l b e o n t h e s y s -
t em n a m epla t e or ga gin g device or pa r t
m a y be on t h e sy st em n a m epla t e a n d
pa r t on t h e ga gin g device. Dia ls of
m a gn et ic or r ot a r y ga ges sh a ll sh ow
w h e t h e r t h e y a r e fo r c y l i n d r i c a l o r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s p h e r i c a l c o n t a i n e r s a n d w h e t h e r fo r
313
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00323 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
a bovegr ou n d or u n der gr ou n d ser vice.
T h e d i a l s o f g a g e s i n t e n d e d fo r u s e o n l y
o n a b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s o f o v e r 1,200
ga llon s wa t er ca pa cit y sh a ll be so
m a r k ed.
(i i i ) G a g i n g d e v i c e s t h a t r e q u i r e
bleedin g of t h e pr odu ct t o t h e a t m os-
p h e r e , s u c h a s t h e r o t a r y t u b e , fi x e d
t u be, a n d slip t u be, sh a ll be design ed so
t h a t t h e bleed va lve m a xim u m open in g
i s n o t l a r g e r t h a n a N o . 54 d r i l l s i ze , u n -
l e s s p r o v i d e d w i t h e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e .
(i v ) G a g i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l h a v e a d e -
s i g n w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 250
p .s .i .g .
(v ) L e n g t h o f t u b e o r p o s i t i o n o f fi x e d
l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o
in dica t e t h e m a xim u m level t o wh ich
t h e c o n t a i n e r m a y b e fi l l e d fo r t h e
pr odu ct con t a in ed. T h is level sh a ll be
ba sed on t h e volu m e of t h e pr odu ct a t
40 °F . a t i t s m a x i m u m p e r m i t t e d fi l l i n g
d e n s i t y fo r a b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s a n d
a t 50 °F . fo r u n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s .
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c a l c u l a t e t h e fi l l -
i n g p o i n t fo r w h i c h t h e fi x e d l i q u i d
level ga ge sh a ll be design ed a ccor din g
t o t h e m et h od in t h is su bdivision .
(a ) I t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o s e t o u t i n a
t a b l e t h e l e n g t h o f a fi x e d d i p t u b e fo r
va r iou s ca pa cit y t a n k s beca u se of t h e
va r y in g t a n k dia m et er s a n d len gt h s
a n d beca u se t h e t a n k m a y be in st a lled
e i t h e r i n a v e r t i c a l o r h o r i zo n t a l p o s i -
t ion . Kn owin g t h e m a xim u m per m it t ed
fi l l i n g v o l u m e i n g a l l o n s , h o w e v e r , t h e
l e n g t h o f t h e fi x e d t u b e c a n b e d e t e r -
m in ed by t h e u se of a st r a ppin g t a ble
o b t a i n e d fr o m t h e c o n t a i n e r m a n u fa c -
t u r e r . T h e l e n g t h o f t h e fi x e d t u b e
sh ou ld be su ch t h a t wh en it s lower en d
t o u c h e s t h e s u r fa c e o f t h e l i q u i d i n t h e
con t a in er , t h e con t en t s of t h e con -
t a in er will be t h e m a xim u m per m it t ed
v o l u m e a s d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g
fo r m u l a :
[(Wa t e r ca pa cit y (g a l s .) of
c o n t a i n e r *×fi l l i n g
d e n s i t y **)÷(S p e c i fi c g r a v i t y o f L P -
G a s *×v o l u m e c o r r e c t i o n fa c t o r ×
100)]= M a x i m u m v o l u m e o f L P -G a s
*M e a s u r e d a t 60 °F .
**F r o m s u b p a r a g r a p h (12) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h
‘‘F i l l i n g D e n s i t i e s .’’
F or a bovegr ou n d con t a in er s t h e liqu id
t e m p e r a t u r e i s a s s u m e d t o b e 40 °F . a n d fo r
u n der gr ou n d con t a in er s t h e liqu id t em per a -
t u r e i s a s s u m e d t o b e 50 °F . T o c o r r e c t t h e
EC27OC91.025
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
l i q u i d v o l u m e s a t t h e s e t e m p e r a t u r e s t o 60 (v i ) F i x e d l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e s u s e d o n
°F . t h e fo l l o w i n g fa c t o r s s h a l l b e u s e d . c o n t a i n e r s o t h e r t h a n D OT c o n t a i n e r s
(b) F o r m u l a fo r d e t e r m i n i n g m a x - sh a ll be st a m ped on t h e ext er ior of t h e
i m u m v o l u m e o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a g e w i t h t h e l e t t e r s ‘‘D T ’’ fo l l o w e d b y
g a s fo r w h i c h a fi x e d l e n g t h o f d i p t u b e t h e v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e (e x p r e s s e d i n
sh a ll be set : in ch es a n d ca r r ied ou t t o on e decim a l
p l a c e ) fr o m t h e t o p o f c o n t a i n e r t o t h e
TABLE H–29—VOLUME CORRECTION FACTORS en d of t h e dip t u be or t o t h e cen t er lin e
Specific gravity Aboveground Underground of t h e ga ge wh en it is loca t ed a t t h e
m a x i m u m p e r m i t t e d fi l l i n g l e v e l . F o r
0.500 1.033 1.017
.510 1.031 1.016
p o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s t h a t m a y b e fi l l e d
.520 1.029 1.015 i n t h e h o r i zo n t a l a n d /o r v e r t i c a l p o s i -
.530 1.028 1.014 t i o n t h e l e t t e r s ‘‘D T ’’ s h a l l b e fo l l o w e d
.540 1.026 1.013
.550 1.025 1.013 b y ‘‘V ’’ w i t h t h e v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e fr o m
.560 1.024 1.012 t h e t op of t h e con t a in er t o t h e en d of
.570 1.023 1.011 t h e d i p t u b e fo r v e r t i c a l fi l l i n g a n d
.580 1.021 1.011
.590 1.020 1.010 w i t h ‘‘H ’’ fo l l o w e d b y t h e p r o p e r d i s -
t a n c e fo r h o r i zo n t a l fi l l i n g . F o r D OT
(c) T h e m a x i m u m v o l u m e o f L P -G a s con t a in er s t h e st a m pin g sh a ll be pla ced
wh ich ca n be pla ced in a con t a in er bot h on t h e ext er ior of t h e ga ge a n d on
wh en det er m in in g t h e len gt h of t h e dip t h e c o n t a i n e r . On a b o v e -g r o u n d o r
t u be expr essed a s a per cen t a ge of t ot a l ca r go con t a in er s wh er e t h e ga ges a r e
wa t er con t en t of t h e con t a in er is ca l- p o s i t i o n e d a t s p e c i fi c l e v e l s , t h e m a r k -
c u l a t e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g fo r m u l a . i n g m a y b e s p e c i fi e d i n p e r c e n t o f t o t a l
(d ) T h e m a x i m u m w e i g h t o f L P -G a s t a n k con t en t s a n d t h e m a r k in g sh a ll be
w h i c h m a y b e p l a c e d i n a c o n t a i n e r f or st a m ped on t h e con t a in er .
d et erm in in g t h e len gt h of a f ix ed d ip t u be (v i i ) G a g e g l a s s e s o f t h e c o l u m n a r
is det er m in ed by m u lt iply in g t h e m a x- t y pe sh a ll be r est r ict ed t o ch a r gin g
i m u m v o l u m e o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m p l a n t s w h e r e t h e fu e l i s w i t h d r a w n i n
g a s o b t a i n e d b y t h e fo r m u l a i n p a r a - t h e liqu id ph a se on ly . T h ey sh a ll be
g r a p h (b )(19)(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n b y t h e equ ipped wit h va lves h a vin g m et a llic
p o u n d s o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s i n a
h a n d w h e e l s , w i t h e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s ,
g a l l o n a t 40 °F . fo r a b o v e g o u n d a n d a t
a n d w i t h e x t r a -h e a v y g l a s s a d e q u a t e l y
50 °F . fo r u n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s . F o r
pr ot ect ed wit h a m et a l h ou sin g a pplied
exa m ple, t y pica l pou n ds per ga llon a r e
s p e c i fi e d b e l o w : b y t h e g a g e m a n u fa c t u r e r . T h e y s h a l l
be sh ielded a ga in st t h e dir ect r a y s of
E x a m p le: A s s u m e a 100-g a l l o n t o t a l w a t e r t h e su n . Ga ge gla sses of t h e colu m n a r
c a p a c i t y t a n k fo r a b o v e g r o u n d s t o r a g e o f t y pe a r e pr oh ibit ed on t a n k t r u ck s, a n d
p r o p a n e h a v i n g a s p e c i fi c g r a v i t y o f 0.510 o f
60 °F .
o n m o t o r fu e l t a n k s , a n d o n c o n t a i n e r s
[(100 (g a l s .)×42 (fi l l i n g d e n s i t y fr o m s u b p a r a - u sed in dom est ic, com m er cia l, a n d in -
g r a p h (12) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h ))÷(0.510×1.031 du st r ia l in st a lla t ion s.
(c o r r e c t i o n fa c t o r fr o m T a ble H– (v i i i ) G a g i n g d e v i c e s o f t h e fl o a t , o r
29)×100)]= (4200÷52.6) equ iva len t t y pe wh ich do n ot r equ ir e
(4200÷52.6)= 79.8 g a l l o n s p r o p a n e , t h e m a x - fl o w fo r t h e i r o p e r a t i o n a n d h a v i n g
im u m a m ou n t per m it t ed t o be pla ced in a con n ect ion s ext en din g t o a poin t ou t -
100-g a l l o n t o t a l w a t e r c a p a c i t y a b o v e -
g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r e q u i p p e d w i t h a fi x e d d i p
side t h e con t a in er do n ot h a ve t o be
t u be. e q u i p p e d w i t h e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s p r o -
[(M a x i m u m v o l u m e o f L P -G a s (fr o m fo r m u l a v i d e d t h e p i p i n g a n d fi t t i n g s a r e a d e -
in su bdivision (b) of t h is su bdivi- qu a t ely design ed t o wit h st a n d t h e con -
s i o n )×100)÷T o t a l w a t e r c o n t e n t o f c o n t a i n e r t a in er pr essu r e a n d a r e pr oper ly pr o-
i n g a l l o n s ]= M a x i m u m p e r c e n t o f L P -G a s t ect ed a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge a n d
Above- Under-
br ea k a ge.
ground, ground, (20) R equ irem en t s f or a p p lia n ces. (i )
pounds per pounds per
gallon gallon E xcept a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(b )(20)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , n e w c o m m e r -
Propane ......................................... 4.37 4.31 cia l a n d in du st r ia l ga s con su m in g a p-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

N Butane ....................................... 4.97 4.92

plia n ces sh a ll be a ppr oved.

314

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00324 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i ) A n y a p p l i a n c e t h a t w a s o r i g i n a l l y
m a n u fa c t u r e d fo r o p e r a t i o n w i t h a g a s -
e o u s fu e l o t h e r t h a n L P -G a s a n d i s i n
good con dit ion m a y be u sed wit h L P -
G a s o n l y a ft e r i t i s p r o p e r l y c o n v e r t e d ,
a d a p t e d , a n d t e s t e d fo r p e r fo r m a n c e
w i t h L P -G a s b e fo r e t h e a p p l i a n c e i s
pla ced in u se.
(i i i ) U n a t t e n d e d h e a t e r s u s e d i n s i d e
b u i l d i n g s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f a n i m a l o r
pou lt r y pr odu ct ion or ca r e sh a ll be
equ ipped wit h a n a ppr oved a u t om a t ic
d e v i c e d e s i g n e d t o s h u t o ff t h e fl o w o f
ga s t o t h e m a in bu r n er s, a n d pilot if
u s e d , i n t h e e v e n t o f fl a m e e x t i n g u i s h -
m en t .
(i v ) A l l c o m m e r c i a l , i n d u s t r i a l , a n d
a gr icu lt u r a l a pplia n ces or equ ipm en t
sh a ll be in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion a n d in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g N F P A
con sen su s st a n da r ds, wh ich a r e in cor -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6:
(a ) D o m e s t i c a n d c o m m e r c i a l a p p l i -
a n c e s —N F P A 54–1969, S t a n d a r d fo r t h e
In st a lla t ion of Ga s Applia n ces a n d Ga s
P ipin g.
(b) I n d u s t r i a l a p p l i a n c e s —N F P A 54A –
1969, S t a n d a r d fo r t h e I n s t a l l a t i o n o f
Ga s P ipin g a n d Ga s E qu ipm en t on In -
d u s t r i a l P r e m i s e s a n d Ce r t a i n Ot h e r
P r em ises.
(c) S t a n d a r d fo r t h e I n s t a l l a t i o n a n d
U s e o f S t a t i o n a r y Co m b u s t i o n E n g i n e s
a n d G a s T u r b i n e s —N F P A 37–1970.
(d ) S t a n d a r d fo r t h e I n s t a l l a t i o n o f
E q u i p m e n t fo r t h e R e m o v a l o f S m o k e
a n d G r e a s e -L a d e n V a p o r s fr o m Co m -
m e r c i a l Co o k i n g E q u i p m e n t , N F P A 96–
1970.
(c ) Cy lin d er sy st em s—(1) A p p lica t ion .
T h i s p a r a g r a p h a p p l i e s s p e c i fi c a l l y t o
sy st em s u t i l i zi n g con t a in er s con -
s t r u c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT S p e c -
i fi c a t i o n s . A l l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a -
g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l y t o t h i s
pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er wise n ot ed in
p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) M a rk in g of con t a in ers. Co n t a i n e r s
sh a ll be m a r k ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
D OT r e g u l a t i o n s . A d d i t i o n a l m a r k i n g s
n o t i n c o n fl i c t w i t h D OT r e g u l a t i o n s
m a y be u sed.
(3) D escrip t ion of a sy st em . A s y s t e m
sh a ll in clu de t h e con t a in er ba se or
br a ck et , con t a in er s, con t a in er va lves,
c o n n e c t o r s , m a n i fo l d v a l v e a s s e m b l y ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r egu la t or s, a n d r elief va lves.
315
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00325 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
(4) Con t a in ers a n d regu la t in g equ ip -
m en t in st a lled ou t sid e of bu ild in gs or
st ru ct u res. (i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l n o t b e
bu r ied below gr ou n d. However , t h is
sh a ll n ot pr oh ibit t h e in st a lla t ion in a
com pa r t m en t or r ecess below gr a de
level su ch a s a n ich e in a slope or t er -
r a c e w a l l w h i c h i s u s e d fo r n o o t h e r
pu r pose, pr ovidin g t h a t t h e con t a in er
a n d r egu la t in g equ ipm en t a r e n ot in
con t a ct wit h t h e gr ou n d a n d t h e com -
pa r t m en t or r ecess is dr a in ed a n d ven -
t i l a t e d h o r i zo n t a l l y t o t h e o u t s i d e a i r
fr o m i t s l o w e s t l e v e l , w i t h t h e o u t l e t a t
l e a s t 3 fe e t a w a y fr o m a n y b u i l d i n g
open in g wh ich is below t h e level of
su ch ou t let .
E xcept a s pr ovided in pa r a gr a ph
(b )(10)(x i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e d i s -
c h a r g e fr o m s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l
b e l o c a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n 3 fe e t h o r i -
zo n t a l l y a w a y fr o m a n y b u i l d i n g o p e n -
in g wh ich is below t h e level of su ch dis-
ch a r ge a n d sh a ll n ot t er m in a t e ben ea t h
a n y bu ildin g u n less su ch spa ce is well
ven t ila t ed t o t h e ou t side a n d is n ot en -
closed on m or e t h a n t wo sides.
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e t u p o n fi r m
fo u n d a t i o n o r o t h e r w i s e fi r m l y s e c u r e d ;
t h e p o s s i b l e e ffe c t o n t h e o u t l e t p i p i n g
of set t lin g sh a ll be gu a r ded a ga in st by
a fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n o r s p e c i a l fi t t i n g .
(5) Con t a in ers a n d equ ip m en t u sed in -
sid e of bu ild in gs or st ru ct u res. (i ) Wh e n
oper a t ion a l r equ ir em en t s m a k e por t -
a ble u se of con t a in er s n ecessa r y a n d
t h eir loca t ion ou t side of bu ildin gs or
st r u ct u r e is im pr a ct ica ble, con t a in er s
a n d equ ipm en t a r e per m it t ed t o be
u sed in side of bu ildin gs or st r u ct u r es in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h (a ) t h r o u g h (l) o f t h i s
su bdivision , a n d, in a ddit ion , su ch
ot h er pr ovision s of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph
a s a r e a pplica ble t o t h e pa r t icu la r u se
or occu pa n cy .
(a ) Co n t a i n e r s i n u s e s h a l l m e a n c o n -
n e c t e d fo r u s e .
(b) S y s t e m s u t i l i zi n g c o n t a i n e r s h a v -
i n g a w a t e r c a p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 21⁄2
p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 1 p o u n d L P -G a s c a -
pa cit y ) sh a ll be equ ipped wit h excess
fl o w v a l v e s . S u c h e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s
sh a ll be eit h er in t egr a l wit h t h e con -
t a in er va lves or in t h e con n ect ion s t o
t h e con t a in er va lve ou t let s. In eit h er
c a s e , a n e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled in su ch a m a n n er t h a t a n y
u n d u e s t r a i n b e y o n d t h e e x c e s s fl o w
va lve will n ot ca u se br ea k a ge bet ween
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
t h e c o n t a i n e r a n d t h e e x c e s s fl o w
v a l v e . T h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f e x c e s s fl o w
va lves sh a ll t a k e in t o a ccou n t t h e t y pe
of va lve pr ot ect ion pr ovided.
(c) R e g u l a t o r s , i f u s e d , s h a l l b e e i t h e r
dir ect ly con n ect ed t o t h e con t a in er
v a l v e s o r t o m a n i fo l d s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e
con t a in er va lu es. T h e r egu la t or sh a ll
b e s u i t a b l e fo r u s e w i t h L P -G a s . M a n i -
fo l d s a n d fi t t i n g s c o n n e c t i n g c o n -
t a in er s t o pr essu r e r egu la t or in let s
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g .
ser vice pr essu r e.
(d ) V a l v e s o n c o n t a i n e r s h a v i n g a
w a t e r c a p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 50 p o u n d s
(n o m i n a l 20 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a p a c i t y )
sh a ll be pr ot ect ed wh ile in u se.
(e) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e m a r k e d i n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b )(5)(i i i ) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n a n d p a r a g r a p h (c )(2) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(f ) P i p e o r t u b i n g s h a l l c o n fo r m t o
p a r a g r a p h (b )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n e x c e p t
t h a t a lu m in u m pipe or t u bin g sh a ll n ot
be u sed.
(g)(1) H o s e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a
w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g .
Hose a n d h ose con n ect ion s sh a ll h a ve
t h eir cor r ect n ess a s t o design , con -
s t r u c t i o n a n d p e r fo r m a n c e d e t e r m i n e d
b y l i s t i n g b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t est in g la bor a t or y . T h e h ose len gt h
m a y e x c e e d t h e l e n g t h s p e c i fi e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(9)(v i i )(b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
bu t sh a ll be a s sh or t a s pr a ct ica ble.
R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y .
(2) H o s e s h a l l b e l o n g e n o u g h t o p e r -
m it com plia n ce wit h spa cin g pr ovi-
sion s of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph wit h ou t
k in k in g or st r a in in g or ca u sin g h ose t o
be so close t o a bu r n er a s t o be da m -
a ged by h ea t .
(h ) P o r t a b l e h e a t e r s , i n c l u d i n g s a l a -
m a n der s, sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a n a p-
p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c d e v i c e t o s h u t o ff t h e
fl o w o f g a s t o t h e m a i n b u r n e r , a n d
p i l o t i f u s e d , i n t h e e v e n t o f fl a m e e x -
t in gu ish m en t . S u ch h ea t er s h a vin g in -
p u t s a b o v e 50,000 B .t .u . m a n u fa c t u r e d
o n o r a ft e r M a y 17, 1967, a n d s u c h h e a t -
e r s h a v i n g i n p u t s a b o v e 100,000 B .t .u .
m a n u fa c t u r e d b e fo r e M a y 17, 1967, s h a l l
be equ ipped wit h eit h er .
(1) A p i l o t w h i c h m u s t b e l i g h t e d a n d
p r o v e d b e fo r e t h e m a i n b u r n e r c a n b e
t u r n ed on ; or
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
(2) A n e l e c t r i c i g n i t i o n s y s t e m .
316
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h (h ) d o
n ot a pply t o t a r k et t le bu r n er s, t or ch -
es, m elt in g pot s, n or do t h ey a pply t o
p o r t a b l e h e a t e r s u n d e r 7,500 B .t .u .h .
in pu t wh en u sed wit h con t a in er s h a v-
i n g a m a x i m u m w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f 21⁄2
p o u n d s . Co n t a i n e r v a l v e s , c o n n e c t o r s ,
r e g u l a t o r s , m a n i fo l d s , p i p i n g , a n d t u b -
in g sh a ll n ot be u sed a s st r u ct u r a l su p-
p o r t s fo r h e a t e r s .
(i) Co n t a i n e r s , r e g u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t ,
m a n i fo l d s , p i p e , t u b i n g , a n d h o s e s h a l l
b e l o c a t e d s o a s t o m i n i m i ze e x p o s u r e
t o a b n o r m a l l y h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s (s u c h
a s m a y r e s u l t fr o m e x p o s u r e t o c o n v e c -
t i o n o r r a d i a t i o n fr o m h e a t i n g e q u i p -
m en t o r i n s t a l l a t i o n i n c o n fi n e d
s p a c e s ), p h y s i c a l d a m a g e , o r t a m p e r i n g
b y u n a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n s .
(j) H e a t p r o d u c i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
l o c a t e d a n d u s e d s o a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e
possibilit y of ign it ion of com bu st ibles.
(k ) Co n t a i n e r s h a v i n g a w a t e r c a p a c -
i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 21⁄2 p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 1
p o u n d L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ) c o n n e c t e d fo r
u s e , s h a l l s t a n d o n a fi r m a n d s u b s t a n -
t i a l l y l e v e l s u r fa c e a n d , w h e n n e c -
essa r y , sh a ll be secu r ed in a n u pr igh t
posit ion .
(l) Co n t a i n e r s , i n c l u d i n g t h e v a l v e
pr ot ect ive devices, sh a ll be in st a lled so
a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f i m -
p i n g e m e n t o f d i s c h a r g e o f s a fe t y r e l i e f
devices u pon con t a in er s.
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s h a v i n g a m a x i m u m
w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f 21⁄2 p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 1
p o u n d L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ) a r e p e r m i t t e d
t o be u sed in side of bu ildin gs a s pa r t of
a p p r o v e d s e l f-c o n t a i n e d h a n d t o r c h a s -
sem blies or sim ila r a pplia n ces.
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s h a v i n g a m a x i m u m
w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f 12 p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 5
p o u n d s L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ) a r e p e r m i t t e d
t o be u sed t em por a r ily in side of bu ild-
i n g s fo r p u b l i c e x h i b i t i o n o r d e m -
o n s t r a t i o n p u r p o s e s , i n c l u d i n g u s e fo r
cla ssr oom dem on st r a t ion s.
(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o b e
u sed in bu ildin gs or st r u ct u r es u n der
con st r u ct ion or u n der goin g m a jor r en -
ova t ion wh en su ch bu ildin gs or st r u c-
t u r es a r e n ot occu pied by t h e pu blic, a s
fo l l o w s :
(a ) T h e m a x i m u m w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f
i n d i v i d u a l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e 245
p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 100 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a -
p a c i t y ).
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b) F o r t e m p o r a r y h e a t i n g s u c h a s
cu r in g con cr et e, dr y in g pla st er a n d
s i m i l a r a p p l i c a t i o n s , h e a t e r s (o t h e r
t h a n i n t e g r a l h e a t e r -c o n t a i n e r u n i t s )
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a t l e a s t 6 fe e t fr o m a n y
L P -G a s c o n t a i n e r . T h i s s h a l l n o t p r o -
h i b i t t h e u s e o f h e a t e r s s p e c i fi c a l l y d e -
s i g n e d fo r a t t a c h m e n t t o t h e c o n t a i n e r
or t o a su ppor t in g st a n da r d, pr ovided
t h ey a r e design ed a n d in st a lled so a s t o
pr even t dir ect or r a dia n t h ea t a pplica -
t i o n fr o m t h e h e a t e r o n t o t h e c o n -
t a in er . Blower a n d r a dia n t t y pe h ea t er s
sh a ll n ot be dir ect ed t owa r d a n y L P -
G a s c o n t a i n e r w i t h i n 20 fe e t .
(c) I f t w o o r m o r e h e a t e r -c o n t a i n e r
u n it s, of eit h er t h e in t egr a l or n on -
in t egr a l t y pe, a r e loca t ed in a n
u n p a r t i t i o n e d a r e a o n t h e s a m e fl o o r ,
t h e con t a in er or con t a in er s of ea ch
u n i t s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e c o n -
t a in er or con t a in er s of a n y ot h er u n it
b y a t l e a s t 20 fe e t .
(d ) Wh e n h e a t e r s a r e c o n n e c t e d t o
c o n t a i n e r s fo r u s e i n a n u n p a r t i t i o n e d
a r e a o n t h e s a m e fl o o r , t h e t o t a l w a t e r
c a p a c i t y o f c o n t a i n e r s m a n i fo l d e d t o -
g e t h e r fo r c o n n e c t i o n t o a h e a t e r o r
h e a t e r s s h a l l n o t b e g r e a t e r t h a n 735
p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 300 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a -
p a c i t y ). S u c h m a n i fo l d s s h a l l b e s e p a -
r a t e d b y a t l e a s t 20 fe e t .
(e) On fl o o r s o n w h i c h h e a t e r s a r e n o t
c o n n e c t e d fo r u s e , c o n t a i n e r s a r e p e r -
m i t t e d t o b e m a n i fo l d e d t o g e t h e r fo r
con n ect ion t o a h ea t er or h ea t er s on
a n o t h e r fl o o r , P rov id ed :
(1) T h e t o t a l w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f c o n -
t a i n e r s c o n n e c t e d t o a n y o n e m a n i fo l d
i s n o t g r e a t e r t h a n 2,450 p o u n d s (n o m i -
n a l 1,000 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ) a n d ;
(2) Wh e r e m o r e t h a n o n e m a n i fo l d
h a vin g a t ot a l wa t er ca pa cit y gr ea t er
t h a n 735 p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 300 p o u n d s
L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ) a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e
sa m e u n pa r t it ion ed a r ea , t h ey sh a ll be
s e p a r a t e d b y a t l e a s t 50 fe e t .
(f ) S t o r a g e o f c o n t a i n e r s a w a i t i n g u s e
sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph
(f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(v i ) Co n t a i n e r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o b e
u s e d i n i n d u s t r i a l o c c u p a n c i e s fo r p r o c -
essin g, r esea r ch , or exper im en t a l pu r -
p o s e s a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) T h e m a x i m u m w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f
i n d i v i d u a l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e 245
p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 100 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p a c i t y ).
317
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00327 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
(b) Co n t a i n e r s c o n n e c t e d t o a m a n i -
fo l d s h a l l h a v e a t o t a l w a t e r c a p a c i t y
n o t g r e a t e r t h a n 735 p o u n d s (n o m i n a l
300 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ) a n d n o t
m o r e t h a n o n e s u c h m a n i fo l d m a y b e
loca t ed in t h e sa m e r oom u n less sepa -
r a t e d a t l e a s t 20 fe e t fr o m a s i m i l a r
u n it .
(c) T h e a m o u n t o f L P -G a s i n c o n -
t a i n e r s fo r r e s e a r c h a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l
u se sh a ll be lim it ed t o t h e sm a llest
pr a ct ica l qu a n t it y .
(v i i )(a ) Co n t a i n e r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o
be u sed in in du st r ia l occu pa n cies wit h
essen t ia lly n on com bu st ible con t en t s
w h e r e p o r t a b l e e q u i p m e n t fo r s p a c e
h ea t in g is essen t ia l a n d wh er e a per m a -
n en t h ea t in g in st a lla t ion is n ot pr a c-
t i c a l , a s fo l l o w s :
(b) Co n t a i n e r s a n d h e a t e r s s h a l l c o m -
ply wit h a n d be u sed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(v i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o b e
u s e d i n b u i l d i n g s fo r t e m p o r a r y e m e r -
gen cy h ea t in g pu r poses, if n ecessa r y t o
pr even t da m a ge t o t h e bu ildin gs or
con t en t s, wh en t h e per m a n en t h ea t in g
sy st em is t em por a r ily ou t of ser vice, a s
fo l l o w s :
(a ) Co n t a i n e r s a n d h e a t e r s s h a l l c o m -
ply wit h a n d be u sed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) T h e t e m p o r a r y h e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t
s h a l l n o t b e l e ft u n a t t e n d e d .
(i x ) Co n t a i n e r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o b e
u s e d t e m p o r a r i l y i n b u i l d i n g s fo r t r a i n -
in g pu r poses r ela t ed in in st a lla t ion a n d
u s e o f L P -G a s s y s t e m s , a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) T h e m a x i m u m w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f
i n d i v i d u a l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e 245
p o u n d s (n o m i n a l 100 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a -
p a c i t y ), b u t t h e m a x i m u m q u a n t i t y o f
L P -G a s t h a t m a y b e p l a c e d i n e a c h
c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e 20 p o u n d s .
(b) I f m o r e t h a n o n e s u c h c o n t a i n e r i s
loca t ed in t h e sa m e r oom , t h e con -
t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d b y a t l e a s t 20
fe e t .
(6) Con t a in er v a lv es a n d a ccessories. (i )
Va lves in t h e a ssem bly of m u lt iple con -
t a in er sy st em s sh a ll be a r r a n ged so
t h a t r epla cem en t of con t a in er s ca n be
m a d e w i t h o u t s h u t t i n g o ff t h e fl o w o f
ga s in t h e sy st em .
N OT E : T h i s p r o v i s i o n i s n o t t o b e c o n s t r u e d
a s r equ ir in g a n a u t om a t ic ch a n geover de-
vice.
(i i ) R e g u l a t o r s a n d l o w -p r e s s u r e r e -
lief devices sh a ll be r igidly a t t a ch ed t o
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

t h e cy lin der va lves, cy lin der s, su p- t h e r elief va lve a n d t h e spa ce a bove t h e

por t in g st a n da r ds, t h e bu ildin g wa lls or r egu la t or a n d r elief va lve dia ph r a gm s
ot h er wise r igidly secu r ed a n d sh a ll be sh a ll be ven t ed t o t h e ou t side a ir wit h
so in st a lled or pr ot ect ed t h a t t h e ele- t h e disch a r ge ou t let loca t ed n ot less
m e n t s (s l e e t , s n o w , o r i c e ) w i l l n o t a f- t h a n 3 fe e t h o r i zo n t a l l y a w a y fr o m a n y
fe c t t h e i r o p e r a t i o n . bu ildin g open in g wh ich is below su ch
(i i i ) V a l v e s a n d c o n n e c t i o n s t o t h e disch a r ge. T h ese pr ovision s do n ot
con t a in er s sh a ll be pr ot ect ed wh ile in a pply t o in dividu a l a pplia n ce r egu -
t r a n sit , in st or a ge, a n d wh ile bein g
la t or s wh en pr ot ect ion is ot h er wise
m o v e d i n t o fi n a l u t i l i za t i o n , a s fo l l o w s :
p r o v i d e d n o r t o p a r a g r a p h (c )(5) o f t h i s
(a ) B y s e t t i n g i n t o t h e r e c e s s o f t h e
con t a in er t o pr even t t h e possibilit y of s e c t i o n a n d p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(x i i i ) o f
t h eir bein g st r u ck if t h e con t a in er is t h is sect ion . In bu ildin gs devot ed ex-
d r o p p e d u p o n a fl a t s u r fa c e , o r clu sively t o ga s dist r ibu t ion pu r poses,
(b) B y v e n t i l a t e d c a p o r c o l l a r , fa s - t h e spa ce a bove t h e dia ph r a gm n eed
t en ed t o t h e con t a in er ca pa ble of wit h - n ot be ven t ed t o t h e ou t side.
s t a n d i n g a b l o w fr o m a n y d i r e c t i o n (8) R ein st a lla t ion of con t a in ers. Co n -
e q u i v a l e n t t o t h a t o f a 30-p o u n d w e i g h t t a in er s sh a ll n ot be r ein st a lled u n less
d r o p p e d 4 fe e t . Co n s t r u c t i o n m u s t b e t h e y a r e r e q u a l i fi e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
su ch t h a t a blow will n ot be t r a n s- D OT r e g u l a t i o n s .
m it t ed t o t h e va lve or ot h er con n ec- (9) P erm issible p rod u ct . A p r o d u c t
t ion . sh a ll n ot be pla ced in a con t a in er
(i v ) Wh e n c o n t a i n e r s a r e n o t c o n - m a r k ed wit h a ser vice pr essu r e less
n ect ed t o t h e sy st em , t h e ou t let va lves t h a n fo u r -fi ft h s o f t h e m a x i m u m v a p o r
sh a ll be k ept t igh t ly closed or plu gged, p r e s s u r e o f p r o d u c t a t 130 °F .
even t h ou gh con t a in er s a r e con sider ed (d ) S y st em s u t iliz in g con t a in ers ot h er
em pt y .
t h a n D O T con t a in ers—(1) A p p lica t ion .
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s h a v i n g a w a t e r c a p a c -
T h i s p a r a g r a p h a p p l i e s s p e c i fi c a l l y t o
i t y i n e x c e s s o f 50 p o u n d s (a p p r o x i -
m a t e l y 21 p o u n d s L P -G a s c a p a c i t y ), r e - s y s t e m s u t i l i zi n g s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s
ch a r ged a t t h e in st a lla t ion , sh a ll be ot h er t h a n t h ose con st r u ct ed in a ccor d-
p r o v i d e d w i t h e x c e s s fl o w o r b a c k fl o w a n c e w i t h D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s . P a r a -
ch eck va lves t o pr even t t h e disch a r ge g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o t h i s
o f c o n t a i n e r c o n t e n t s i n c a s e o f fa i l u r e pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er wise n ot ed in
o f t h e fi l l i n g o r e q u a l i zi n g c o n n e c t i o n . p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(7) S a f et y d ev ices. (i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l (2) D esign p ressu re a n d cla ssif ica t ion of
b e p r o v i d e d w i t h s a fe t y d e v i c e s a s r e - st ora ge con t a in ers. S t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s
q u i r e d b y D OT r e g u l a t i o n s . s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d c l a s s i fi e d i n a c -
(i i ) A fi n a l s t a g e r e g u l a t o r o f a n L P - c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –31.
G a s s y s t e m (e x c l u d i n g a n y a p p l i a n c e
r egu la t or ) sh a ll be equ ipped on t h e low- TABLE H–31
pr essu r e side wit h a r elief va lve wh ich
Minimum design pressure of con-
is set t o st a r t t o disch a r ge wit h in t h e tainer, lb. per sq. in. gage
l i m i t s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e H –30. For gases
with vapor 1949 edition of ASME
press. Not 1949 and Code (Par. U–200,
TABLE H–30 Con- to exceed earlier edi- U–201); 1950, 1952,
tainer lb. per sq. tions of 1956, 1959, 1962,
type
Relief valve start-to-dis- in. gage at ASME 1965, and 1968 (Divi-
charge pressure setting 100 °F. Code (Par. sion 1) editions of
(percent of regulator (37.8 °C.) U–68, U– ASME Code; All edi-
Regulator delivery pressure 69) tions of API-ASME
delivery pressure)
Code 3
Minimum Maximum
1 80 1 80 1 80 1 100
1 p.s.i.g. or less ............................. 200 300 100 100 100 125
Above 1 p.s.i.g. but not over 3
125 125 125 156
p.s.i.g ......................................... 140 200
Above 3 p.s.i.g .............................. 125 200 150 150 150 187
175 175 175 219
2 200 215 200 250
(i i i ) Wh e n a r e g u l a t o r o r p r e s s u r e r e -
l i e f v a l v e i s u s e d i n s i d e a b u i l d i n g fo r 1 New storage containers of the 80 type have not been au-
thorized since Dec. 31, 1947.
o t h e r t h a n p u r p o s e s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

g r a p h s (b )(6)(i ) (a )–(g) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,

318

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00328 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
2 Container type may be increased by increments of 25.
The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 100% of
the container type designation when constructed under 1949
or earlier editions of the ASME Code (Par. U–68 and U–69).
The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 125% of
the container type designation when constructed under: (1)
the 1949 ASME Code (Par. U–200 and U–201), (2) 1950,
1952, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, and 1968 (Division 1) editions
of the ASME Code, and (3) all editions of the API-ASME
Code.
3 Construction of containers under the API-ASME Code is
not authorized after July 1, 1961.
(3) Con t a in er v a lv es a n d a ccessories,
f iller p ip es, a n d d isch a rge p ip es. (i ) T h e
fi l l i n g p i p e i n l e t t e r m i n a l s h a l l n o t b e
loca t ed in side a bu ildin g. F or con -
t a i n e r s w i t h a w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f 125
ga llon s or m or e, su ch t er m in a ls sh a ll
b e l o c a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n 10 fe e t fr o m
a n y b u i l d i n g (s e e p a r a g r a p h (b )(6)(i i ) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n ), a n d p r e fe r a b l y n o t l e s s
t h a n 5 fe e t fr o m a n y d r i v e w a y , a n d
sh a ll be loca t ed in a pr ot ect ive h ou sin g
b u i l t fo r t h e p u r p o s e .
(i i ) T h e fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e
fi t t e d w i t h o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) Co m b i n a t i o n b a c k -p r e s s u r e c h e c k
v a l v e a n d e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e .
(b) On e d o u b l e o r t w o s i n g l e b a c k -
pr essu r e ch eck va lves.
(c) A p o s i t i v e s h u t o ff v a l v e , i n c o n -
ju n ct ion wit h eit h er :
(1) A n i n t e r n a l b a c k -p r e s s u r e v a l v e ,
or
(2) A n i n t e r n a l e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e .
(i i i ) A l l o p e n i n g s i n a c o n t a i n e r s h a l l
be equ ipped wit h a ppr oved a u t om a t ic
e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s e x c e p t i n t h e fo l -
lowin g: F illin g con n ect ion s a s pr ovided
i n p a r a g r a p h (d )(3)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
s a fe t y r e l i e f c o n n e c t i o n s , l i q u i d -l e v e l
ga gin g devices a s pr ovided in pa r a -
g r a p h s (b )(7)(i v ), (19)(i i i ), a n d (19)(v i i i )
of t h is sect ion ; pr essu r e ga ge con n ec-
t i o n s a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(7)(v )
of t h is sect ion , a s pr ovided in pa r a -
g r a p h s (d ) (i v ), (v i ), a n d (v i i ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(i v ) A n e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e i s n o t r e -
qu ir ed in t h e wit h dr a wa l ser vice lin e
p r o v i d i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g a r e c o m p l i e d
wit h :
(a ) S u c h s y s t e m s ’ t o t a l w a t e r c a p a c -
i t y d o e s n o t e x c e e d 2,000 U .S . g a l l o n s .
(b) T h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m t h e s e r v i c e
ou t let is con t r olled by a su it a ble
m a n u a l l y o p e r a t e d s h u t o ff v a l v e w h i c h
is:
(1) T h r e a d e d d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e s e r v i c e
ou t let of t h e con t a in er ; or
(2) I s a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f a s u b s t a n t i a l
fi t t i n g t h r e a d e d i n t o o r o n t h e s e r v i c e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ou t let of t h e con t a in er ; or
319
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00329 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
(3) T h r e a d e d d i r e c t l y i n t o a s u b s t a n -
t i a l fi t t i n g t h r e a d e d i n t o o r o n t h e
ser vice ou t let of t h e con t a in er .
(c) T h e s h u t o ff v a l v e i s e q u i p p e d w i t h
a n a t t a ch ed h a n dwh eel or t h e equ iva -
len t .
(d ) T h e c o n t r o l l i n g o r i fi c e b e t w e e n
t h e con t en t s of t h e con t a in er a n d t h e
o u t l e t o f t h e s h u t o ff v a l v e d o e s n o t e x -
c e e d fi v e -s i x t e e n t h s i n c h i n d i a m e t e r
fo r v a p o r w i t h d r a w a l s y s t e m s a n d o n e -
e i g h t h i n c h i n d i a m e t e r fo r l i q u i d w i t h -
dr a wa l sy st em s.
(e) A n a p p r o v e d p r e s s u r e -r e d u c i n g
r egu la t or is dir ect ly a t t a ch ed t o t h e
o u t l e t o f t h e s h u t o ff v a l v e a n d i s r i g -
idly su ppor t ed, or t h a t a n a ppr oved
p r e s s u r e -r e d u c i n g r e g u l a t o r i s a t t a c h e d
t o t h e o u t l e t o f t h e s h u t o ff v a l v e b y
m e a n s o f a s u i t a b l e fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n ,
pr ovided t h e r egu la t or is a dequ a t ely
su ppor t ed a n d pr oper ly pr ot ect ed on or
at t he t ank .
(v ) A l l i n l e t a n d o u t l e t c o n n e c t i o n s
e x c e p t s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s , l i q u i d l e v e l
ga gin g devices a n d pr essu r e ga ges on
c o n t a i n e r s o f 2,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c -
it y , or m or e, a n d on a n y con t a in er u sed
t o s u p p l y fu e l d i r e c t l y t o a n i n t e r n a l
com bu st ion en gin e, sh a ll be la beled t o
design a t e wh et h er t h ey com m u n ica t e
wit h va por or liqu id spa ce. L a bels m a y
be on va lves.
(v i ) I n l i e u o f a n e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e
o p e n i n g s m a y b e fi t t e d w i t h a q u i c k -
closin g in t er n a l va lve wh ich , except
du r in g oper a t in g per iods sh a ll r em a in
c l o s e d . T h e i n t e r n a l m e c h a n i s m fo r
su ch va lves m a y be pr ovided wit h a
secon da r y con t r ol wh ich sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h a fu s i b l e p l u g (n o t o v e r
220 °F . m e l t i n g p o i n t ) w h i c h w i l l c a u s e
t h e in t er n a l va lve t o close a u t om a t i-
c a l l y i n c a s e o f fi r e .
(v i i ) N o t m o r e t h a n t w o p l u g g e d
open in gs sh a ll be per m it t ed on a con -
t a i n e r o f 2,000 g a l l o n s o r l e s s w a t e r c a -
pa cit y .
(v i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s o f 125 g a l l o n s w a t e r
c a p a c i t y o r m o r e m a n u fa c t u r e d a ft e r
J u l y 1, 1961, s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a n
a p p r o v e d d e v i c e fo r l i q u i d e v a c u a t i o n ,
t h e s i ze o f w h i c h s h a l l b e t h r e e -fo u r t h s
in ch Na t ion a l P ipe T h r ea d m in im u m . A
p l u g g e d o p e n i n g w i l l n o t s a t i s fy t h i s
r equ ir em en t .
(4) S a f et y d ev ices. (i ) A l l s a fe t y d e -
v i c e s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g :
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
(a ) A l l c o n t a i n e r s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s
sh a ll be loca t ed on t h e con t a in er s a n d
sh a ll h a ve dir ect com m u n ica t ion wit h
t h e va por of spa ce of t h e con t a in er .
(b) I n i n d u s t r i a l a n d g a s m a n u fa c -
t u r i n g p l a n t s , d i s c h a r g e p i p e fr o m s a fe -
t y r elief va lves on pipe lin es wit h in a
bu ildin g sh a ll disch a r ge ver t ica lly u p-
wa r d a n d sh a ll be piped t o a poin t ou t -
side a bu ildin g.
(c) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e d i s c h a r g e t e r -
m in a ls sh a ll be so loca t ed a s t o pr ovide
pr ot ect ion a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge
a n d s u c h d i s c h a r g e p i p e s s h a l l b e fi t t e d
wit h loose r a in ca ps. R et u r n ben ds a n d
r e s t r i c t i v e p i p e fi t t i n g s s h a l l n o t b e
per m it t ed.
(d ) I f d e s i r e d , d i s c h a r g e l i n e s fr o m
t w o o r m o r e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s l o -
ca t ed on t h e sa m e u n it , or sim ila r lin es
fr o m t w o o r m o r e d i ffe r e n t u n i t s , m a y
be r u n in t o a com m on disch a r ge h ea d-
e r , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e c r o s s -s e c t i o n a l
a r ea of su ch h ea der be a t lea st equ a l t o
t h e s u m o f t h e c r o s s -s e c t i o n a l a r e a o f
t h e in dividu a l disch a r ge lin es, a n d t h a t
t h e s e t t i n g o f s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s a r e
t h e sa m e.
(e) E a c h s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r o f o v e r
2,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h a su it a ble pr essu r e ga ge.
(f ) A fi n a l s t a g e r e g u l a t o r o f a n L P -
G a s s y s t e m (e x c l u d i n g a n y a p p l i a n c e
r egu la t or ) sh a ll be equ ipped on t h e low-
pr essu r e side wit h a r elief va lve wh ich
is set t o st a r t t o disch a r ge wit h in t h e
l i m i t s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e H –30.
(g) Wh e n a r e g u l a t o r o r p r e s s u r e r e -
lief va lve is in st a lled in side a bu ildin g,
t h e r elief va lve a n d t h e spa ce a bove t h e
r egu la t or a n d r elief va lve dia ph r a gm s
sh a ll be ven t ed t o t h e ou t side a ir wit h
t h e disch a r ge ou t let loca t ed n ot less
t h a n 3 fe e t h o r i zo n t a l l y a w a y fr o m a n y
open in g in t o t h e bu ildin g wh ich is
b e l o w s u c h d i s c h a r g e . (T h e s e p r o v i s i o n s
do n ot a pply t o in dividu a l a pplia n ce
r egu la t or s wh en pr ot ect ion is ot h er -
wise pr ovided. In bu ildin gs devot ed ex-
clu sively t o ga s dist r ibu t ion pu r poses,
t h e spa ce a bove t h e dia ph r a gm n eed
n o t b e v e n t e d t o t h e o u t s i d e .)
(i i ) S a fe t y d e v i c e s fo r a b o v e g r o u n d
c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) Co n t a i n e r s o f 1,200 g a l l o n s w a t e r
ca pa cit y or less wh ich m a y con t a in liq-
u i d fu e l w h e n i n s t a l l e d a b o v e g r o u n d
sh a ll h a ve t h e r a t e of disch a r ge r e-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(i i ) o f t h i s
320
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00330 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s e c t i o n p r o v i d e d b y a s p r i n g -l o a d e d r e -
lief va lve or va lves. In a ddit ion t o t h e
r e q u i r e d s p r i n g -l o a d e d r e l i e f v a l v e (s ),
s u i t a b l e fu s e p l u g (s ) m a y b e u s e d p r o -
vided t h e t ot a l disch a r ge a r ea of t h e
fu s e p l u g (s ) fo r e a c h c o n t a i n e r d o e s n o t
e x c e e d 0.25 s q u a r e i n c h .
(b) T h e fu s i b l e m e t a l o f t h e fu s e p l u g s
s h a l l h a v e a y i e l d t e m p e r a t u r e o f 208
°F . m i n i m u m a n d 220 °F . m a x i m u m . R e -
l i e f v a l v e s a n d fu s e p l u g s s h a l l h a v e d i -
r ect com m u n ica t ion wit h t h e va por
spa ce of t h e con t a in er .
(c) On a c o n t a i n e r h a v i n g a w a t e r c a -
p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 125 g a l l o n s , b u t n o t
o v e r 2,000 g a l l o n s , t h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m
t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e v e n t e d
a w a y fr o m t h e c o n t a i n e r v e r t i c a l l y u p -
wa r ds a n d u n obst r u ct ed t o t h e open a ir
in su ch a m a n n er a s t o pr even t a n y im -
pin gem en t of esca pin g ga s u pon t h e
c o n t a i n e r ; l o o s e -fi t t i n g r a i n c a p s s h a l l
be u sed. S u it a ble pr ovision sh a ll be
m a d e fo r d r a i n i n g c o n d e n s a t e w h i c h
m a y a ccu m u la t e in t h e r elief va lve or
it s disch a r ge pipe.
(d ) On c o n t a i n e r s o f 125 g a l l o n s w a t e r
c a p a c i t y o r l e s s , t h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m
s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
n o t l e s s t h a n 5 fe e t h o r i zo n t a l l y a w a y
fr o m a n y o p e n i n g i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g
below t h e level of su ch disch a r ge.
(e) On a c o n t a i n e r h a v i n g a w a t e r c a -
p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 g a l l o n s , t h e
d i s c h a r g e fr o m t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s
s h a l l b e v e n t e d a w a y fr o m t h e c o n -
t a in er ver t ica lly u pwa r ds t o a poin t a t
l e a s t 7 fe e t a b o v e t h e c o n t a i n e r , a n d
u n obst r u ct ed t o t h e open a ir in su ch a
m a n n er a s t o pr even t a n y im pin gem en t
of esca pin g ga s u pon t h e con t a in er ;
l o o s e -fi t t i n g r a i n c a p s s h a l l b e u s e d .
S u it a ble pr ovision sh a ll be m a de so
t h a t a n y liqu id or con den sa t e t h a t m a y
a c c u m u l a t e i n s i d e o f t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f
va lve or it s disch a r ge pipe will n ot
r en der t h e va lve in oper a t ive. If a dr a in
is u sed, a m ea n s sh a ll be pr ovided t o
pr ot ect t h e con t a in er , a dja cen t con -
t a in er s, pipin g, or equ ipm en t a ga in st
i m p i n g e m e n t o f fl a m e r e s u l t i n g fr o m
i g n i t i o n o f p r o d u c t e s c a p i n g fr o m t h e
dr a in .
(i i i ) On a l l c o n t a i n e r s w h i c h a r e i n -
st a lled u n der gr ou n d a n d wh ich con t a in
n o l i q u i d fu e l u n t i l b u r i e d a n d c o v e r e d ,
t h e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e o f t h e s p r i n g -l o a d -
ed r elief va lve in st a lled t h er eon m a y be
r e d u c e d t o a m i n i m u m o f 30 p e r c e n t o f
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(10)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . Co n -
t a in er s so pr ot ect ed sh a ll n ot be u n cov-
e r e d a ft e r i n s t a l l a t i o n u n t i l t h e l i q u i d
fu e l h a s b e e n r e m o v e d t h e r e fr o m . Co n -
t a i n e r s w h i c h m a y c o n t a i n l i q u i d fu e l
b e fo r e b e i n g i n s t a l l e d u n d e r g r o u n d a n d
b e fo r e b e i n g c o m p l e t e l y c o v e r e d w i t h
ea r t h a r e t o be con sider ed a bovegr ou n d
con t a in er s wh en det er m in in g t h e r a t e
of disch a r ge r equ ir em en t of t h e r elief
va lves.
(i v ) On u n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s o f
m o r e t h a n 2,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y ,
t h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s
sh a ll be piped ver t ica lly a n d dir ect ly
u p w a r d t o a p o i n t a t l e a s t 7 fe e t a b o v e
t h e gr ou n d.
Wh e r e t h e r e i s a p r o b a b i l i t y o f t h e
m a n h o l e o r h o u s i n g b e c o m i n g fl o o d e d ,
t h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m r e g u l a t o r v e n t l i n e s
sh a ll be a bove t h e h igh est pr oba ble
wa t er level. All m a n h oles or h ou sin gs
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h ven t ila t ed
lou ver s or t h eir equ iva len t , t h e a r ea of
su ch open in gs equ a lin g or exceedin g
t h e com bin ed disch a r ge a r ea s of t h e
s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s a n d o t h e r v e n t l i n e s
wh ich disch a r ge t h eir con t en t in t o t h e
m a n h ole h ou sin g.
(v ) S a fe t y d e v i c e s fo r v a p o r i ze r s s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) V a p o r i ze r s o f l e s s t h a n 1 q u a r t
t ot a l ca pa cit y , h ea t ed by t h e gr ou n d or
t h e su r r ou n din g a ir , n eed n ot be
e q u i p p e d w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s p r o -
v i d e d t h a t a d e q u a t e t e s t s c e r t i fi e d b y
a n y o f t h e a u t h o r i t i e s r e fe r r e d t o i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , d e m -
o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e a s s e m b l y i s s a fe
w i t h o u t s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s .
(b) N o v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
w i t h fu s i b l e p l u g s .
(c) I n i n d u s t r i a l a n d g a s m a n u fa c -
t u r i n g p l a n t s , s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s o n
v a p o r i ze r s w i t h i n a b u i l d i n g s h a l l b e
piped t o a poin t ou t side t h e bu ildin g
a n d be disch a r ged u pwa r d.
(5) R ein st a lla t ion of con t a in ers. Co n -
t a in er s m a y be r ein st a lled if t h ey do
n o t s h o w a n y e v i d e n c e o f h a r m fu l e x -
t er n a l cor r osion or ot h er da m a ge.
Wh e r e c o n t a i n e r s a r e r e i n s t a l l e d u n -
der gr ou n d, t h e cor r osion r esist a n t
coa t in g sh a ll be pu t in good con dit ion
(s e e p a r a g r a p h (c )(7)(v i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n ). Wh e r e c o n t a i n e r s a r e r e i n s t a l l e d
a b o v e g r o u n d , t h e s a fe t y d e v i c e s a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ga gin g devices sh a ll com ply wit h pa r a -
321
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00331 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
g r a p h (c )(4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(19) o f t h i s s e c t i o n r e s p e c -
t i v e l y fo r a b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s .
(6) Ca p a cit y of con t a in ers. A s t o r a g e
c o n t a i n e r s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 90,000 g a l -
lon s wa t er ca pa cit y .
(7) I n st a lla t ion of st ora ge con t a in ers. (i )
Co n t a i n e r s i n s t a l l e d a b o v e g r o u n d , e x -
c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(7)(v i i )
of t h is sect ion , sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
su bst a n t ia l m a son r y or n on com bu s-
t i b l e s t r u c t u r a l s u p p o r t s o n fi r m m a -
s o n r y fo u n d a t i o n .
(i i ) A b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
s u p p o r t e d a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) H o r i zo n t a l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
m ou n t ed on sa ddles in su ch a m a n n er
a s t o per m it expa n sion a n d con t r a c-
t ion . S t r u ct u r a l m et a l su ppor t s m a y be
em ploy ed wh en t h ey a r e pr ot ect ed
a g a i n s t fi r e i n a n a p p r o v e d m a n n e r .
S u it a ble m ea n s of pr even t in g cor r osion
sh a ll be pr ovided on t h a t por t ion of t h e
c o n t a i n e r i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e fo u n d a -
t ion s or sa ddles.
(b) Co n t a i n e r s o f 2,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r
ca pa cit y or less m a y be in st a lled wit h
n o n fi r e p r o o fe d fe r r o u s m e t a l s u p p o r t s
i f m o u n t e d o n c o n c r e t e p a d s o r fo o t -
i n g s , a n d i f t h e d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e o u t -
side bot t om of t h e con t a in er sh ell t o
t h e c o n c r e t e p a d , fo o t i n g , o r t h e
g r o u n d d o e s n o t e x c e e d 24 i n c h e s .
(i i i ) A n y c o n t a i n e r m a y b e i n s t a l l e d
w i t h n o n fi r e p r o o fe d fe r r o u s m e t a l s u p -
por t s if m ou n t ed on con cr et e pa ds or
fo o t i n g s , a n d i f t h e d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e
ou t side bot t om of t h e con t a in er t o t h e
g r o u n d d o e s n o t e x c e e d 5 fe e t , p r o v i d e d
t h e con t a in er is in a n isola t ed loca t ion .
(i v ) Co n t a i n e r s m a y b e p a r t i a l l y b u r -
i e d p r o v i d i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e -
m en t s a r e m et :
(a ) T h e p o r t i o n o f t h e c o n t a i n e r
b e l o w t h e s u r fa c e a n d fo r a v e r t i c a l d i s -
t a n ce n ot less t h a n 3 in ch es a bove t h e
s u r fa c e o f t h e g r o u n d i s p r o t e c t e d t o
r esist cor r osion , a n d t h e con t a in er is
pr ot ect ed a ga in st set t lin g a n d cor r o-
s i o n a s r e q u i r e d fo r fu l l y b u r i e d c o n -
t a in er s.
(b) S p a c i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s s h a l l b e a s
s p e c i fi e d fo r u n d e r g r o u n d t a n k s i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(6)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(c) R e l i e f v a l v e c a p a c i t y s h a l l b e a s
r e q u i r e d fo r a b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s .
(d ) Co n t a i n e r i s l o c a t e d s o a s n o t t o
be su bject t o veh icu la r da m a ge, or is
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
a dequ a t ely pr ot ect ed a ga in st su ch
da m a ge.
(e) F i l l i n g d e n s i t i e s s h a l l b e a s r e -
q u i r e d fo r a b o v e -g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s .
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s b u r i e d u n d e r g r o u n d
sh a ll be pla ced so t h a t t h e t op of t h e
con t a in er is n ot less t h a n 6 in ch es
b e l o w g r a d e . Wh e r e a n u n d e r g r o u n d
con t a in er m igh t be su bject t o a br a sive
a ct ion or ph y sica l da m a ge du e t o ve-
h i c u l a r t r a ffi c o r o t h e r c a u s e s , t h e n i t
sh a ll be:
(a ) P l a c e d n o t l e s s t h a n 2 fe e t b e l o w
gr a de, or
(b) Ot h e r w i s e p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t s u c h
ph y sica l da m a ge.
It will n ot be n ecessa r y t o cover t h e
por t ion of t h e con t a in er t o wh ich m a n -
h o l e a n d o t h e r c o n n e c t i o n s a r e a ffi x e d ;
h owever , wh er e n ecessa r y , pr ot ect ion
sh a ll be pr ovided a ga in st veh icu la r
d a m a g e . Wh e n n e c e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t
fl o a t i n g , c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y
a n ch or ed or weigh t ed.
(v i )(a ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e g i v e n a
p r o t e c t i v e c o a t i n g b e fo r e b e i n g p l a c e d
u n der gr ou n d. T h is coa t in g sh a ll be
e q u i v a l e n t t o h o t -d i p g a l v a n i zi n g o r t o
t w o c o a t i n g s o f r e d l e a d fo l l o w e d b y a
h ea vy coa t in g of coa l t a r or a sph a lt . In
lower in g t h e con t a in er in t o pla ce, ca r e
sh a ll be exer cised t o pr even t da m a ge t o
t h e coa t in g. An y da m a ge t o t h e coa t -
i n g s h a l l b e r e p a i r e d b e fo r e b a c k fi l l i n g .
(b) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e t o n a fi r m
fo u n d a t i o n (fi r m e a r t h m a y b e u s e d )
a n d su r r ou n ded wit h ea r t h or sa n d
fi r m l y t a m p e d i n p l a c e .
(v i i ) Co n t a i n e r s w i t h fo u n d a t i o n s a t -
t a c h e d (p o r t a b l e o r s e m i p o r t a b l e c o n -
t a i n e r s w i t h s u i t a b l e s t e e l ‘‘r u n n e r s ’’
o r ‘‘s k i d s ’’ a n d p o p u l a r l y k n o w n i n t h e
i n d u s t r y a s ‘‘s k i d t a n k s ’’) s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed, in st a lled, a n d u sed in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h t h e s e r u l e s s u b j e c t t o t h e fo l -
lowin g pr ovision s:
(a ) I f t h e y a r e t o b e u s e d a t a g i v e n
g e n e r a l l o c a t i o n fo r a t e m p o r a r y p e r i o d
n ot t o exceed 6 m on t h s t h ey n eed n ot
h a v e fi r e -r e s i s t i n g fo u n d a t i o n s o r s a d -
d l e s b u t s h a l l h a v e a d e q u a t e fe r r o u s
m et a l su ppor t s.
(b) T h e y s h a l l n o t b e l o c a t e d w i t h t h e
ou t side bot t om of t h e con t a in er sh ell
m o r e t h a n 5 fe e t a b o v e t h e s u r fa c e o f
t h e g r o u n d u n l e s s fi r e -r e s i s t i n g s u p -
por t s a r e pr ovided.
(c) T h e b o t t o m o f t h e s k i d s s h a l l n o t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
b e l e s s t h a n 2 i n c h e s o r m o r e t h a n 12
322
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00332 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
in ch es below t h e ou t side bot t om of t h e
con t a in er sh ell.
(d ) F l a n g e s , n o zzl e s , v a l v e s , fi t t i n g s ,
a n d t h e lik e, h a vin g com m u n ica t ion
wit h t h e in t er ior of t h e con t a in er , sh a ll
be pr ot ect ed a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge.
(e) Wh e n n o t p e r m a n e n t l y l o c a t e d o n
fi r e -r e s i s t i n g fo u n d a t i o n s , p i p i n g c o n -
n e c t i o n s s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t l y fl e x i b l e
t o m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f b r e a k a g e
or lea k a ge of con n ect ion s if t h e con -
t a in er set t les, m oves, or is ot h er wise
displa ced.
(f ) S k i d s , o r l u g s fo r a t t a c h m e n t o f
sk ids, sh a ll be secu r ed t o t h e con t a in er
in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e code or r u les
u n der wh ich t h e con t a in er is design ed
a n d b u i l t (w i t h a m i n i m u m fa c t o r o f
s a fe t y o f fo u r ) t o w i t h s t a n d l o a d i n g i n
a n y d i r e c t i o n e q u a l t o fo u r t i m e s t h e
weigh t of t h e con t a in er a n d a t t a ch -
m e n t s w h e n fi l l e d t o t h e m a x i m u m p e r -
m issible loa ded weigh t .
(v i i i ) F i e l d w e l d i n g w h e r e n e c e s s a r y
sh a ll be m a de on ly on sa ddle pla t es or
br a ck et s wh ich wer e a pplied by t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r o f t h e t a n k .
(i x ) F o r a b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s , s e -
cu r e a n ch or a ge or a dequ a t e pier h eigh t
sh a ll be pr ovided a ga in st possible con -
t a i n e r fl o t a t i o n w h e r e v e r s u ffi c i e n t l y
h i g h fl o o d w a t e r m i g h t o c c u r .
(x ) Wh e n p e r m a n e n t l y i n s t a l l e d c o n -
t a in er s a r e in t er con n ect ed, pr ovision
s h a l l b e m a d e t o c o m p e n s a t e fo r e x p a n -
sion , con t r a ct ion , vibr a t ion , a n d set -
t lin g of con t a in er s, and in t er -
c o n n e c t i n g p i p i n g . Wh e r e fl e x i b l e c o n -
n ect ion s a r e u sed, t h ey sh a ll be of a n
a p p r o v e d t y p e a n d s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r
a b u r s t i n g p r e s s u r e o f n o t l e s s t h a n fi v e
t im es t h e va por pr essu r e of t h e pr odu ct
a t 100 °F . T h e u s e o f n o n m e t a l l i c h o s e
i s p r o h i b i t e d fo r p e r m a n e n t l y i n t e r -
con n ect in g su ch con t a in er s.
(x i ) Co n t a i n e r a s s e m b l i e s l i s t e d fo r
in t er ch a n gea ble in st a lla t ion a bove
g r o u n d o r u n d e r g r o u n d s h a l l c o n fo r m
t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a b o v e g r o u n d
i n s t a l l a t i o n s w i t h r e s p e c t t o s a fe t y r e -
l i e f c a p a c i t y a n d fi l l i n g d e n s i t y . F o r
in st a lla t ion a bove gr ou n d a ll ot h er r e-
q u i r e m e n t s fo r a b o v e g r o u n d i n s t a l l a -
t ion s sh a ll a pply . F or in st a lla t ion
u n der gr ou n d a ll ot h er r equ ir em en t s
fo r u n d e r g r o u n d i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l
a pply .
(8) P rot ect ion of con t a in er a ccessories.
(i ) V a l v e s , r e g u l a t i n g , g a g i n g , a n d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
ot h er con t a in er a ccessor y equ ipm en t
sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st t a m per in g
a n d ph y sica l da m a ge. S u ch a ccessor ies
sh a ll a lso be so pr ot ect ed du r in g t h e
t r a n s i t o f c o n t a i n e r s i n t e n d e d fo r i n -
st a lla t ion u n der gr ou n d.
(i i ) On u n d e r g r o u n d o r c o m b i n a t i o n
a b o v e g r o u n d -u n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s ,
t h e ser vice va lve h a n dwh eel, t h e t er -
m i n a l fo r c o n n e c t i n g t h e h o s e , a n d t h e
open in g t h r ou gh wh ich t h er e ca n be a
fl o w fr o m s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e
a t lea st 4 in ch es a bove t h e con t a in er
a n d t h is open in g sh a ll be loca t ed in t h e
dom e or h ou sin g. Un der gr ou n d sy st em s
sh a ll be so in st a lled t h a t a ll t h e a bove
open in gs, in clu din g t h e r egu la t or ven t ,
a r e loca t ed a bove t h e n or m a l m a x-
im u m wa t er t a ble.
(i i i ) A l l c o n n e c t i o n s t o u n d e r g r o u n d
con t a in er s sh a ll be loca t ed wit h in a
su bst a n t ia l dom e, h ou sin g, or m a n h ole
a n d wit h a ccess t h er et o pr ot ect ed by a
su bst a n t ia l cover .
(9) D rip s f or con d en sed ga s. Wh e r e v a -
p o r i ze d g a s o n t h e l o w -p r e s s u r e s i d e o f
t h e sy st em m a y con den se t o a liqu id a t
n or m a l oper a t in g t em per a t u r es a n d
pr essu r es, su it a ble m ea n s sh a ll be pr o-
v i d e d fo r r e v a p o r i za t i o n o f t h e c o n d e n -
sa t e.
(10) D a m a ge f rom v eh icles. Wh e n d a m -
a g e t o L P -G a s s y s t e m s fr o m v e h i c u l a r
t r a ffi c i s a p o s s i b i l i t y , p r e c a u t i o n s
a ga in st su ch da m a ge sh a ll be t a k en .
(11) D ra in s. N o d r a i n s o r b l o w o ff l i n e s
sh a ll be dir ect ed in t o or in pr oxim it y
t o s e w e r s y s t e m s u s e d fo r o t h e r p u r -
poses.
(12) Gen era l p rov ision s a p p lica ble t o
sy st em s in in d u st ria l p la n t s (of 2,000 ga l-
lon s w a t er ca p a cit y a n d m ore) a n d t o bu lk
f illin g p la n t s. (i ) Wh e n s t a n d a r d w a t c h
ser vice is pr ovided, it sh a ll be ext en ded
t o t h e L P -G a s i n s t a l l a t i o n a n d p e r -
son n el pr oper ly t r a in ed.
(i i ) I f l o a d i n g a n d u n l o a d i n g a r e n o r -
m a lly don e du r in g ot h er t h a n da y ligh t
h ou r s, a dequ a t e ligh t s sh a ll be pr o-
vided t o illu m in a t e st or a ge con t a in er s,
con t r ol va lves, a n d ot h er equ ipm en t .
(i i i ) S u i t a b l e r o a d w a y s o r m e a n s o f
a c c e s s fo r e x t i n g u i s h i n g e q u i p m e n t
s u c h a s w h e e l e d e x t i n g u i s h e r s o r fi r e
depa r t m en t a ppa r a t u s sh a ll be pr o-
vided.
(i v ) T o m i n i m i ze t r e s p a s s i n g o r t a m -
per in g, t h e a r ea wh ich in clu des con -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t a in er a ppu r t en a n ces, pu m pin g equ ip-
323
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00333 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
m e n t , l o a d i n g a n d u n l o a d i n g fa c i l i t i e s ,
a n d c y l i n d e r -fi l l i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e
e n c l o s e d w i t h a t l e a s t a 6-fo o t -h i g h i n -
d u s t r i a l t y p e fe n c e u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e
a dequ a t ely pr ot ect ed. T h er e sh a ll be a t
lea st t wo m ea n s of em er gen cy a ccess.
(13) Con t a in er-ch a rgin g p la n t s. (i ) T h e
c o n t a i n e r -c h a r g i n g r o o m s h a l l b e l o -
ca t ed n ot less t h a n :
(a ) T e n fe e t fr o m b u l k s t o r a g e c o n -
t a in er s.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) T a n k t r u c k fi l l i n g s t a t i o n o u t l e t s
sh a ll be loca t ed n ot less t h a n :
(a ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(b) T e n fe e t fr o m p u m p s a n d c o m p r e s -
sor s if h ou sed in on e or m or e sepa r a t e
bu ildin gs.
(i i i ) T h e p u m p s o r c o m p r e s s o r s m a y
b e l o c a t e d i n t h e c o n t a i n e r -c h a r g i n g
r oom or bu ildin g, in a sepa r a t e bu ild-
i n g , o r o u t s i d e o f b u i l d i n g s . Wh e n
h ou sed in a sepa r a t e bu ildin g, su ch
bu ildin g (a sm a ll n on com bu st ible
wea t h er cover is n ot t o be con st r u ed a s
a bu ildin g) sh a ll be loca t ed n ot less
t han:
(a ) T e n fe e t fr o m b u l k s t o r a g e t a n k s .
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c) T w e n t y -fi v e fe e t fr o m s o u r c e s o f
ign it ion .
(i v ) Wh e n a p a r t o f t h e c o n t a i n e r -
c h a r g i n g b u i l d i n g i s t o b e u s e d fo r a
b o i l e r r o o m o r w h e r e o p e n fl a m e s o r
sim ila r sou r ces of ign it ion exist or a r e
em ploy ed, t h e spa ce t o be so occu pied
s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d fr o m c o n t a i n e r
ch a r gin g r oom by a pa r t it ion wa ll or
w a l l s o f fi r e -r e s i s t a n t c o n s t r u c t i o n
c o n t i n u o u s fr o m fl o o r t o r o o f o r c e i l -
in g. S u ch sepa r a t ion wa lls sh a ll be
wit h ou t open in gs a n d sh a ll be join ed t o
t h e fl o o r , o t h e r w a l l s , a n d c e i l i n g o r
r o o f i n a m a n n e r t o e ffe c t a p e r m a n e n t
g a s -t i g h t j o i n t .
(v ) E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d i n s t a l l a -
t i o n s s h a l l c o n fo r m w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (b )
(17) a n d (18) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(14) F ire p rot ect ion . (i ) E a c h b u l k
pla n t sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a t lea st
o n e a p p r o v e d p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r
h a v i n g a m i n i m u m r a t i n g o f 12–B , C.
(i i ) I n i n d u s t r i a l i n s t a l l a t i o n s i n v o l v -
i n g c o n t a i n e r s o f 150,000 g a l l o n s a g g r e -
ga t e wa t er ca pa cit y or m or e, pr ovision
s h a l l b e m a d e fo r a n a d e q u a t e s u p p l y o f
w a t e r a t t h e c o n t a i n e r s i t e fo r fi r e p r o -
t ect ion in t h e con t a in er a r ea , u n less
o t h e r a d e q u a t e m e a n s fo r fi r e c o n t r o l
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

a r e p r o v i d e d . Wa t e r h y d r a n t s s h a l l b e sh a ll com ply wit h t h e pr ovision s of

r ea dily a ccessible a n d so spa ced a s t o p a r a g r a p h (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
p r o v i d e w a t e r p r o t e c t i o n fo r a l l c o n - (i v ) L P -G a s fu e l e d i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s
t a i n e r s . S u ffi c i e n t l e n g t h s o f fi r e h o s e s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e S t a n d a r d fo r
sh a ll be pr ovided a t ea ch h y dr a n t loca - T y pe Design a t ion s, Ar ea s of Use, Ma in -
t ion on a h ose ca r t , or ot h er m ea n s t e n a n c e a n d Op e r a t i o n o f P o w e r e d I n -
p r o v i d e d t o fa c i l i t a t e e a s y m o v e m e n t d u s t r i a l T r u c k s , N F P A 505–1969, w h i c h
of t h e h ose in t h e con t a in er a r ea . It is i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i -
desir a ble t o equ ip t h e ou t let of ea ch fi e d i n § 1910.6.
h o s e l i n e w i t h a c o m b i n a t i o n fo g n o z- (v ) E n g i n e s o n v e h i c l e s s h a l l b e s h u t
zl e . A s h e l t e r s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o p r o - d o w n w h i l e fu e l i n g i f t h e fu e l i n g o p e r -
t e c t t h e h o s e a n d i t s c o n v e y o r fr o m t h e a t ion in volves ven t in g t o t h e a t m os-
wea t h er . ph er e.
(15) [R e s e r v e d ] (3) D esign p ressu re a n d cla ssif ica t ion of
(16) L igh t in g. E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t f u el con t a in ers. (i ) E x c e p t a s c o v e r e d i n
a n d i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o p a r a g r a p h s (e )(3) (i i ) a n d (i i i ) o f t h i s
p a r a g r a p h s (b ) (17) a n d (18) o f t h i s s e c - sect ion , con t a in er s sh a ll be in a ccor d-
t ion . a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –32.
(17) V a p oriz ers f or in t ern a l com bu st ion (i i ) F u e l c o n t a i n e r s fo r u s e i n i n d u s -
en gin es. T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h t r i a l t r u c k s (i n c l u d i n g l i ft t r u c k s )
(e )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l a p p l y . s h a l l b e e i t h e r D OT c o n t a i n e r s a u t h o r -
(18) Ga s regu la t in g a n d m ix in g equ ip - i ze d fo r L P -G a s s e r v i c e h a v i n g a m i n -
m en t f or in t ern a l com bu st ion en gin es. T h e i m u m s e r v i c e p r e s s u r e o f 240 p .s .i .g . o r
p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h (e )(9) o f t h i s m i n i m u m Co n t a i n e r T y p e 250. U n d e r
sect ion sh a ll a pply . 1950 a n d l a t e r A S M E c o d e s , t h i s m e a n s
(e ) L iqu ef ied p et roleu m ga s a s a m ot or a 312.5–p .s .i .g . d e s i g n p r e s s u r e c o n -
f u el—(1) A p p lica t ion . (i ) T h i s p a r a g r a p h t a in er .
a pplies t o in t er n a l com bu st ion en gin es,
fu e l c o n t a i n e r s , a n d p e r t i n e n t e q u i p - TABLE H–32
m e n t fo r t h e u s e o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m
g a s e s a s a m o t o r fu e l o n e a s i l y m o v - Minimum design pressure of con-
tainer, lb. per sq. in. gage
a ble, r ea dily por t a ble u n it s in clu din g For gases
s e l f-p r o p e l l e d v e h i c l e s . with vapor 1949 edition of ASME
press. Not 1949 and Code (Par. U–200,
(i i ) F u e l c o n t a i n e r s a n d p e r t i n e n t Con- to exceed earlier edi- U–201); 1950, 1952,
tainer
e q u i p m e n t fo r i n t e r n a l c o m b u s t i o n e n - lb. per sq. tions of 1956, 1959, 1962,
type in. gage at ASME 1965, and 1968 (Divi-
g i n e s u s i n g l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s 100 °F. Code (Par. sion 1) editions of
wh er e in st a lla t ion is of t h e st a t ion a r y (37.8 °C.) U–68, U– ASME Code; All edi-
69) tions of API-ASME
t y p e a r e c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f Code 2
t h is sect ion . T h is pa r a gr a ph does n ot
1 200 215Z 200 250
a p p l y t o c o n t a i n e r s fo r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n
o f l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s e s n o r t o m a - 1 Container type may be increased by increments of 25.
The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 100% of
r i n e fu e l u s e . A l l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a - the container type designation when constructed under 1949
g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l y t o t h i s or earlier editions of the ASME Code (Par. U–68 and U–69).
The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 125% of
pa r a gr a ph , u n less ot h er wise n ot ed in the container type designation when constructed under: (1)
p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . the 1949 ASME Code (Par. U–200 and U–201), (2) 1950,
1952, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, and 1968 (Division 1) editions
(2) Gen era l. (i ) F u e l m a y b e u s e d fr o m of the ASME Code, and (3) all editions of the API-ASME
t h e ca r go t a n k of a t r u ck wh ile in t r a n - Code.
2 Construction of containers under the API-ASME Code is
s i t , b u t n o t fr o m c a r g o t a n k s o n t r a i l - not authorized after July 1, 1961.
e r s o r s e m i t r a i l e r s . T h e u s e o f fu e l
fr o m t h e c a r g o t a n k s t o o p e r a t e s t a - (i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s m a n u fa c t u r e d a n d
t ion a r y en gin es is per m it t ed pr ovidin g m a i n t a i n e d u n d e r D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
wh eels a r e secu r ely block ed. a n d r e g u l a t i o n s m a y b e u s e d a s fu e l
(i i ) P a s s e n g e r -c a r r y i n g v e h i c l e s s h a l l c o n t a i n e r s . Wh e n s o u s e d t h e y s h a l l
n o t b e fu e l e d w h i l e p a s s e n g e r s a r e o n c o n fo r m t o a l l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
boa r d. pa r a gr a ph .
(i i i ) I n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s (i n c l u d i n g l i ft (i v ) A l l c o n t a i n e r i n l e t s a n d o u t l e t s
t r u ck s) equ ipped wit h per m a n en t ly e x c e p t s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s a n d g a g i n g
m o u n t e d fu e l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e devices sh a ll be la beled t o design a t e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

c h a r g e d o u t d o o r s . Ch a r g i n g e q u i p m e n t wh et h er t h ey com m u n ica t e wit h va por

324

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
or liqu id spa ce. L a bels m a y be on
va lves.
(4) I n st a lla t ion of f u el con t a in ers. (i )
Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n a p l a c e
a n d i n a m a n n e r t o m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i -
b i l i t y o f d a m a g e t o t h e c o n t a i n e r . Co n -
t a in er s loca t ed in t h e r ea r of t r u ck s
a n d bu ses, wh en pr ot ect ed by su bst a n -
t ia l bu m per s, will be con sider ed in con -
fo r m a n c e w i t h t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t . F u e l
c o n t a i n e r s o n p a s s e n g e r -c a r r y i n g v e h i -
c l e s s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d a s fa r fr o m t h e
en gin e a s is pr a ct ica ble, a n d t h e pa s-
sen ger spa ce a n d a n y spa ce con t a in in g
r a d i o e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e s e a l e d fr o m
t h e con t a in er spa ce t o pr even t dir ect
seepa ge of ga s t o t h ese spa ces. T h e con -
t a in er com pa r t m en t sh a ll be ven t ed t o
t h e o u t s i d e . I n c a s e t h e fu e l c o n t a i n e r
is m ou n t ed n ea r t h e en gin e or t h e ex-
h a u st sy st em , t h e con t a in er sh a ll be
sh ielded a ga in st dir ect h ea t r a dia t ion .
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d w i t h
a s m u ch clea r a n ce a s pr a ct ica ble bu t
n ever less t h a n t h e m in im u m r oa d
clea r a n ce of t h e veh icle u n der m a x-
i m u m s p r i n g d e fl e c t i o n . T h i s m i n i m u m
clea r a n ce sh a ll be t o t h e bot t om of t h e
c o n t a i n e r o r t o t h e l o w e s t fi t t i n g o n
t h e con t a in er or h ou sin g, wh ich ever is
lower .
(i i i ) P e r m a n e n t a n d r e m o v a b l e fu e l
con t a in er s sh a ll be secu r ely m ou n t ed
t o pr even t ja r r in g loose, slippin g, or r o-
t a t i n g , a n d t h e fa s t e n i n g s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed a n d con st r u ct ed t o wit h st a n d
st a t ic loa din g in a n y dir ect ion equ a l t o
t wice t h e weigh t of t h e t a n k a n d a t -
t a c h m e n t s w h e n fi l l e d w i t h fu e l u s i n g a
s a fe t y fa c t o r o f n o t l e s s t h a n fo u r
ba sed on t h e u lt im a t e st r en gt h of t h e
m a t er ia l t o be u sed. F ield weldin g,
wh en n ecessa r y , sh a ll be m a de on ly on
sa ddle pla t es, lu gs or br a ck et s, or igi-
n a lly a t t a ch ed t o t h e con t a in er by t h e
t a n k m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(i v ) F u e l c o n t a i n e r s o n b u s e s s h a l l b e
per m a n en t ly in st a lled.
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s fr o m w h i c h v a p o r o n l y
is t o be wit h dr a wn sh a ll be in st a lled
a n d equ ipped wit h su it a ble con n ect ion s
t o m i n i m i ze t h e a c c i d e n t a l w i t h d r a w a l
of liqu id.
(5) V a lv es a n d a ccessories. (i ) Co n -
t a in er va lves a n d a ccessor ies sh a ll h a ve
a r a t e d w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 250
p .s .i .g ., a n d s h a l l b e o f a t y p e s u i t a b l e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
fo r l i q u e fi e d p e t r o l e u m g a s s e r v i c e .
325
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00335 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
(i i ) T h e fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e
fi t t e d w i t h a n a p p r o v e d d o u b l e b a c k -
pr essu r e ch eck va lve, or a posit ive
s h u t o ff i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h a n i n t e r n a l
b a c k -p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e . On a r e m o v -
a b l e c o n t a i n e r t h e fi l l e r v a l v e m a y b e a
h a n d o p e r a t e d s h u t o ff v a l v e w i t h a n i n -
t e r n a l e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e . M a i n s h u t o ff
va lves on t h e con t a in er on liqu id a n d
va por lin es m u st be r ea dily a ccessible.
(i i i ) Wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h
(e )(5)(i v )(c) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , fi l l i n g c o n -
n ect ion s equ ipped wit h a ppr oved a u t o-
m a t i c b a c k -p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e s , a n d
s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s , a l l c o n n e c t i o n s t o
c o n t a i n e r s h a v i n g o p e n i n g s fo r t h e fl o w
o f g a s i n e x c e s s o f a N o . 54 d r i l l s i ze
sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a ppr oved a u t o-
m a t i c e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s t o p r e v e n t d i s -
ch a r ge of con t en t in ca se con n ect ion s
a r e br ok en .
(i v ) L i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e s :
(a ) V a r i a b l e l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e s w h i c h
r e q u i r e t h e v e n t i n g o f fu e l t o t h e a t -
m o s p h e r e s h a l l n o t b e u s e d o n fu e l c o n -
t a i n e r s o f i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s (i n c l u d i n g
l i ft t r u c k s ).
(b) On p o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s t h a t m a y
b e fi l l e d i n t h e v e r t i c a l a n d /o r h o r i -
zo n t a l p o s i t i o n , t h e fi x e d l i q u i d -l e v e l
ga ge m u st in dica t e m a xim u m per -
m i t t e d fi l l i n g l e v e l fo r b o t h v e r t i c a l
a n d h o r i zo n t a l fi l l i n g w i t h t h e c o n -
t a i n e r o r i e n t e d t o p l a c e t h e s a fe t y r e -
lief va lve in com m u n ica t ion wit h t h e
va por spa ce.
(c) I n t h e c a s e o f c o n t a i n e r s u s e d
s o l e l y i n fa r m t r a c t o r s e r v i c e , a n d
c h a r g e d a t a p o i n t a t l e a s t 50 fe e t fr o m
a n y i m p o r t a n t b u i l d i n g , t h e fi x e d l i q -
u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e m a y b e s o c o n -
s t r u c t e d t h a t t h e o u t w a r d fl o w o f c o n -
t a in er con t en t exceeds t h a t pa ssed by a
N o . 54 d r i l l s i ze o p e n i n g , b u t i n n o c a s e
s h a l l t h e fl o w e x c e e d t h a t p a s s e d b y a
N o . 31 d r i l l -s i ze o p e n i n g . A n e x c e s s fl o w
va lve is n ot r equ ir ed. F it t in gs equ ipped
w i t h s u c h r e s t r i c t e d d r i l l s i ze o p e n i n g
a n d con t a in er on wh ich t h ey a r e u sed
s h a l l b e m a r k e d t o i n d i c a t e t h e s i ze o f
t h e open in g.
(d ) A l l v a l v e s a n d c o n n e c t i o n s o n
con t a in er s sh a ll be a dequ a t ely pr o-
t ect ed t o pr even t da m a ge du e t o a cci-
den t a l con t a ct wit h st a t ion a r y object s
o r fr o m l o o s e o b j e c t s t h r o w n u p fr o m
t h e r o a d , a n d a l l v a l v e s s h a l l b e s a fe -
gu a r ded a ga in st da m a ge du e t o colli-
sion , over t u r n in g or ot h er a cciden t .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
F o r fa r m t r a c t o r s w h e r e p a r t s o f t h e
veh icle pr ovide su ch pr ot ect ion t o
v a l v e s a n d fi t t i n g s , t h e fo r e g o i n g r e -
q u i r e m e n t s s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d fu l -
fi l l e d . H o w e v e r , o n r e m o v a b l e t y p e c o n -
t a i n e r s t h e p r o t e c t i o n fo r t h e fi t t i n g s
sh a ll be per m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o t h e
con t a in er .
(e) Wh e n r e m o v a b l e fu e l c o n t a i n e r s
a r e u sed, m ea n s sh a ll be pr ovided in
t h e fu e l s y s t e m t o m i n i m i ze t h e e s c a p e
o f fu e l w h e n t h e c o n t a i n e r s a r e e x -
ch a n ged. T h is m a y be a ccom plish ed by
e i t h e r o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d s :
(1) U s i n g a n a p p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c
q u i c k -c l o s i n g c o u p l i n g (a t y p e c l o s i n g
in bot h dir ect ion s wh en u n cou pled) in
t h e fu e l l i n e , o r
(2) Cl o s i n g t h e v a l v e a t t h e fu e l c o n -
t a in er a n d a llowin g t h e en gin e t o r u n
u n t i l t h e fu e l i n t h e l i n e i s c o n s u m e d .
(6) P ip in g— in clu d in g p ip e, t u bin g, a n d
f it t in gs. (i ) P i p e fr o m fu e l c o n t a i n e r t o
fi r s t -s t a g e r e g u l a t o r s h a l l b e n o t l e s s
t h a n s c h e d u l e 80 w r o u g h t i r o n o r s t e e l
(b l a c k o r g a l v a n i ze d ), b r a s s o r c o p p e r ;
or sea m less copper , br a ss, or st eel t u b-
in g. S t eel t u bin g sh a ll h a ve a m in -
i m u m w a l l t h i c k n e s s o f 0.049 i n c h .
S t eel pipe or t u bin g sh a ll be a de-
qu a t ely pr ot ect ed a ga in st ext er ior cor -
r o s i o n . Co p p e r t u b i n g s h a l l b e t y p e s K
or L or equ iva len t h a vin g a m in im u m
w a l l t h i c k n e s s o f 0.032 i n c h . A p p r o v e d
fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n s m a y b e u s e d b e -
t ween con t a in er a n d r egu la t or or be-
t w e e n r e g u l a t o r a n d g a s -a i r m i x e r
wit h in t h e lim it s of a ppr ova l. T h e u se
of a lu m in u m pipe or t u bin g is pr oh ib-
it ed. In t h e ca se of r em ova ble con -
t a i n e r s a n a p p r o v e d fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n
sh a ll be u sed bet ween t h e con t a in er
a n d t h e fu e l l i n e .
(i i ) A l l p i p i n g s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d ,
br a ced, a n d su ppor t ed so a s t o r edu ce
t o a m in im u m t h e possibilit y of vibr a -
t ion st r a in s or wea r .
(7) S a f et y d ev ices. (i ) S p r i n g -l o a d e d i n -
t e r n a l t y p e s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e
u s e d o n a l l m o t o r fu e l c o n t a i n e r s .
(i i ) T h e d i s c h a r g e o u t l e t fr o m s a fe t y
r elief va lves sh a ll be loca t ed on t h e
o u t s i d e o f e n c l o s e d s p a c e s a n d a s fa r a s
p r a c t i c a b l e fr o m p o s s i b l e s o u r c e s o f i g -
n i t i o n , a n d v e n t e d u p w a r d w i t h i n 45 d e -
gr ees of t h e ver t ica l in su ch a m a n n er
a s t o pr even t im pin gem en t of esca pin g
ga s u pon con t a in er s, or pa r t s of veh i-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
cles, or on veh icles in a dja cen t lin es of
326
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00336 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t r a ffi c . A r a i n c a p o r o t h e r p r o t e c t o r
sh a ll be u sed t o k eep wa t er a n d dir t
fr o m c o l l e c t i n g i n t h e v a l v e .
(i i i ) Wh e n a d i s c h a r g e l i n e fr o m t h e
c o n t a i n e r s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e i s u s e d ,
t h e lin e sh a ll be m et a llic, ot h er t h a n
a l u m i n u m , a n d s h a l l b e s i ze d , l o c a t e d ,
a n d m a in t a in ed so a s n ot t o r est r ict
t h e r e q u i r e d fl o w o f g a s fr o m t h e s a fe t y
r elief va lve. S u ch disch a r ge lin e sh a ll
be a ble t o wit h st a n d t h e pr essu r e r e-
s u l t i n g fr o m t h e d i s c h a r g e o f v a p o r
w h e n t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e i s i n t h e
fu l l o p e n p o s i t i o n . Wh e n fl e x i b i l i t y i s
n e c e s s a r y , fl e x i b l e m e t a l h o s e o r t u b -
in g sh a ll be u sed.
(i v ) P o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s e q u i p p e d fo r
v o l u m e t r i c fi l l i n g m a y b e fi l l e d i n e i -
t h e r t h e v e r t i c a l o r h o r i zo n t a l p o s i t i o n
o n l y w h e n o r i e n t e d t o p l a c e t h e s a fe t y
r elief va lve in com m u n ica t ion wit h t h e
va por spa ce.
(v ) P a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(x i i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n fo r h y d r o s t a t i c r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l
a pply .
(8) V a p oriz ers. (i ) V a p o r i ze r s a n d a n y
pa r t t h er eof a n d ot h er devices t h a t
m a y be su bject ed t o con t a in er pr essu r e
sh a ll h a ve a design pr essu r e of a t lea st
250 p .s .i .g .
(i i ) E a c h v a p o r i ze r s h a l l h a v e a v a l v e
or su it a ble plu g wh ich will per m it su b-
st a n t ia lly com plet e dr a in in g of t h e va -
p o r i ze r . I t s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a t o r n e a r
t h e lowest por t ion of t h e sect ion occu -
pied by t h e wa t er or ot h er h ea t in g m e-
diu m .
(i i i ) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y fa s -
t e n e d s o a s t o m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y
of becom in g loosen ed.
(i v ) E a c h v a p o r i ze r s h a l l b e p e r m a -
n e n t l y m a r k e d a t a v i s i b l e p o i n t a s fo l -
lows:
(a ) Wi t h t h e d e s i g n p r e s s u r e o f t h e
fu e l -c o n t a i n i n g p o r t i o n i n p .s .i .g .
(b) Wi t h t h e w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f t h e
fu e l -c o n t a i n i n g p o r t i o n o f t h e v a p o r -
i ze r i n p o u n d s .
(v ) D e v i c e s t o s u p p l y h e a t d i r e c t l y t o
a fu e l c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h
a n a u t o m a t i c d e v i c e t o c u t o ff t h e s u p -
p l y o f h e a t b e fo r e t h e p r e s s u r e i n s i d e
t h e fu e l c o n t a i n e r r e a c h e s 80 p e r c e n t o f
t h e st a r t t o disch a r ge pr essu r e set t in g
o f t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e o n t h e fu e l
con t a in er .
(v i ) E n g i n e e x h a u s t g a s e s m a y b e
u sed a s a dir ect sou r ce of h ea t su pply
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fo r t h e v a p o r i za t i o n o f fu e l i f t h e m a t e -
r ia ls of con st r u ct ion of t h ose pa r t s of
t h e v a p o r i ze r i n c o n t a c t w i t h e x h a u s t
ga ses a r e r esist a n t t o t h e cor r osive a c-
t i o n o f e x h a u s t g a s e s a n d t h e v a p o r i ze r
sy st em is design ed t o pr even t excessive
pr essu r es.
(v i i ) V a p o r i ze r s s h a l l n o t b e e q u i p p e d
w i t h fu s i b l e p l u g s .
(9) Ga s regu la t in g a n d m ix in g equ ip -
m en t . (i ) A p p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c p r e s s u r e
r edu cin g equ ipm en t sh a ll be in st a lled
i n a s e c u r e m a n n e r b e t w e e n t h e fu e l
s u p p l y c o n t a i n e r a n d g a s -a i r m i x e r fo r
t h e pu r pose of r edu cin g t h e pr essu r e of
t h e fu e l d e l i v e r e d t o t h e g a s -a i r m i x e r .
(i i ) A n a p p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c s h u t o ff
v a l v e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e fu e l s y s -
t em a t som e poin t a h ea d of t h e in let of
t h e g a s -a i r m i x e r , d e s i g n e d t o p r e v e n t
fl o w o f fu e l t o t h e m i x e r w h e n t h e i g n i -
t i o n i s o ff a n d t h e e n g i n e i s n o t r u n -
n in g. In t h e ca se of in du st r ia l t r u ck s
a n d en gin es oper a t in g in bu ildin gs
ot h er t h a n t h ose u sed exclu sively t o
h o u s e e n g i n e s , t h e a u t o m a t i c s h u t o ff
va lve sh a ll be design ed t o oper a t e if t h e
en gin e sh ou ld st op. At m osph er ic t y pe
r e g u l a t o r s (ze r o g o v e r n o r s ) s h a l l b e
con sider ed a dequ a t e a s a n a u t om a t ic
s h u t o ff v a l v e o n l y i n c a s e s o f o u t d o o r
o p e r a t i o n s u c h a s fa r m t r a c t o r s , c o n -
st r u ct ion equ ipm en t , ir r iga t ion pu m p
en gin es, a n d ot h er ou t door st a t ion a r y
en gin e in st a lla t ion s.
(i i i ) T h e s o u r c e o f t h e a i r fo r c o m b u s -
t i o n s h a l l b e c o m p l e t e l y i s o l a t e d fr o m
t he pa ssen ger com pa r t m en t , ven -
t i l a t i n g s y s t e m , o r a i r -c o n d i t i o n i n g
sy st em .
(10) [R e s e r v e d ]
(11) S t a t ion a ry en gin es in bu ild in gs.
S t a t ion a r y en gin es a n d ga s t u r bin es in -
st a lled in bu ildin gs, in clu din g por t a ble
en gin es u sed in st ea d of or t o su pple-
m en t st a t ion a r y en gin es, sh a ll com ply
w i t h t h e S t a n d a r d fo r t h e I n s t i t u t i o n
a n d U s e o f S t a t i o n a r y Co m b u s t i o n E n -
g i n e s a n d G a s T u r b i n e s , N F P A 37–1970,
a n d t h e a ppr opr ia t e pr ovision s of pa r a -
g r a p h s (b ), (c ), a n d (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(12) P ort a ble en gin es in bu ild in gs. (i )
P or t a ble en gin es m a y be u sed in bu ild-
i n g s o n l y fo r e m e r g e n c y u s e , e x c e p t a s
p r o v i d e d b y s u b p a r a g r a p h (11) o f t h i s
pa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) E x h a u s t g a s e s s h a l l b e d i s c h a r g e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t o ou t side t h e bu ildin g or t o a n a r ea
327
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00337 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
w h e r e t h e y w i l l n o t c o n s t i t u t e a h a z-
a r d.
(i i i ) P r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e t o s u p -
p l y s u ffi c i e n t a i r fo r c o m b u s t i o n a n d
coolin g.
(i v ) A n a p p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c s h u t o ff
v a l v e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e fu e l s y s -
t em a h ea d of t h e en gin e, design ed t o
p r e v e n t fl o w o f fu e l t o t h e e n g i n e w h e n
t h e i g n i t i o n i s o ff o r i f t h e e n g i n e
sh ou ld st op.
(v ) T h e c a p a c i t y o f L P -G a s c o n -
t a in er s u sed wit h su ch en gin es sh a ll
com ply wit h t h e a pplica ble occu pa n cy
p r o v i s i o n o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(5) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(13) I n d u st ria l t ru ck s in sid e bu ild in gs.
(i ) L P -G a s -fu e l e d i n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s a r e
per m it t ed t o be u sed in bu ildin gs a n d
st r u ct u r es.
(i i ) N o m o r e t h a n t w o L P -G a s c o n -
t a in er s sh a ll be u sed on a n in du st r ia l
t r u c k fo r m o t o r fu e l p u r p o s e s .
(i i i )–(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) I n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s s h a l l n o t b e
p a r k e d a n d l e ft u n a t t e n d e d i n a r e a s o f
possible excessive h ea t or sou r ces of ig-
n it ion .
(14) Ga ra gin g L P -Ga s-f u eled v eh icles.
(i ) L P -G a s -fu e l e d v e h i c l e s m a y b e
st or ed or ser viced in side ga r a ges pr o-
v i d e d t h e r e a r e n o l e a k s i n t h e fu e l s y s -
t e m a n d t h e fu e l t a n k s a r e n o t fi l l e d
b e y o n d t h e m a x i m u m fi l l i n g c a p a c i t y
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(12)(i ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(i i ) L P -G a s -fu e l e d v e h i c l e s b e i n g r e -
pa ir ed in ga r a ges sh a ll h a ve t h e con -
t a i n e r s h u t o ff v a l v e c l o s e d e x c e p t w h e n
fu e l i s r e q u i r e d fo r e n g i n e o p e r a t i o n .
(i i i ) S u c h v e h i c l e s s h a l l n o t b e
pa r k ed n ea r sou r ces of h ea t , open
fl a m e s , o r s i m i l a r s o u r c e s o f i g n i t i o n
or n ea r open pit s u n less su ch pit s a r e
a dequ a t ely ven t ila t ed.
(f) S t ora ge of con t a in ers a w a it in g u se or
resa le—(1) A p p lica t ion . T h i s p a r a g r a p h
sh a ll a pply t o t h e st or a ge of por t a ble
c o n t a i n e r s n o t i n e x c e s s o f 1,000 p o u n d s
w a t e r c a p a c i t y , fi l l e d o r p a r t i a l l y
fi l l e d , a t u s e r l o c a t i o n b u t n o t c o n -
n e c t e d fo r u s e , o r i n s t o r a g e fo r r e s a l e
by dea ler s or r eseller s. T h is pa r a gr a ph
sh a ll n ot a pply t o con t a in er s st or ed a t
ch a r gin g pla n t s or a t pla n t s devot ed
pr im a r ily t o t h e st or a ge a n d dist r ibu -
t i o n o f L P -G a s o r o t h e r p e t r o l e u m
pr odu ct s.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
(2) Gen era l. (i ) Co n t a i n e r s i n s t o r a g e
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d s o a s t o m i n i m i ze e x -
posu r e t o excessive t em per a t u r e r ise,
ph y sica l da m a ge, or t a m per in g by u n -
a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n s .
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s w h e n s t o r e d i n s i d e
sh a ll n ot be loca t ed n ea r exit s, st a ir -
wa y s, or in a r ea s n or m a lly u sed or in -
t e n d e d fo r t h e s a fe e x i t o f p e o p l e .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r v a l v e s s h a l l b e p r o -
t e c t e d w h i l e i n s t o r a g e a s fo l l o w s :
(a ) B y s e t t i n g i n t o r e c e s s o f c o n -
t a in er t o pr even t t h e possibilit y of
t h eir bein g st r u ck if t h e con t a in er is
d r o p p e d u p o n a fl a t s u r fa c e , o r
(b) B y v e n t i l a t e d c a p o r c o l l a r , fa s -
t en ed t o con t a in er ca pa ble of wit h -
s t a n d i n g b l o w fr o m a n y d i r e c t i o n
e q u i v a l e n t t o t h a t o f a 30-p o u n d w e i g h t
d r o p p e d 4 fe e t . Co n s t r u c t i o n m u s t b e
su ch t h a t a blow will n ot be t r a n s-
m it t ed t o a va lve or ot h er con n ect ion .
(i v ) T h e o u t l e t v a l v e s o f c o n t a i n e r s i n
st or a ge sh a ll be closed.
(v ) E m p t y c o n t a i n e r s w h i c h h a v e
b e e n i n L P -G a s s e r v i c e w h e n s t o r e d i n -
s i d e , s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d a s fu l l c o n -
t a i n e r s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f d e t e r m i n i n g
t h e m a x i m u m q u a n t i t y o f L P -G a s p e r -
m it t ed by t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(3) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) S t ora ge w it h in bu ild in gs n ot f re-
qu en t ed by t h e p u blic (su ch a s in d u st ria l
bu ild in gs). (i ) T h e q u a n t i t y o f L P -G a s
s t o r e d s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 300 p o u n d s (a p -
p r o x i m a t e l y 2,550 c u b i c fe e t i n v a p o r
fo r m ) e x c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n s u b p a r a -
g r a p h (5) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s c a r r i e d a s a p a r t o f
ser vice equ ipm en t on h igh wa y m obile
veh icles a r e n ot t o be con sider ed in t h e
t o t a l s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i )
of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph pr ovided su ch ve-
h icles a r e st or ed in pr iva t e ga r a ges,
a n d a r e lim it ed t o on e con t a in er per
v e h i c l e w i t h a n L P -G a s c a p a c i t y o f n o t
m o r e t h a n 100 p o u n d s . A l l c o n t a i n e r
va lves sh a ll be closed.
(5) S t ora ge w it h in sp ecia l bu ild in gs or
room s. (i ) T h e q u a n t i t y o f L P -G a s
st or ed in specia l bu ildin gs or r oom s
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 10,000 p o u n d s .
(i i ) T h e w a l l s , fl o o r s , a n d c e i l i n g s o f
con t a in er st or a ge r oom s t h a t a r e wit h -
in or a dja cen t t o ot h er pa r t s of t h e
bu ildin g sh a ll be con st r u ct ed of m a t e-
r i a l h a v i n g a t l e a s t a 2-h o u r fi r e r e s i s t -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n ce r a t in g.
328
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00338 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i i i ) A p o r t i o n o f t h e e x t e r i o r w a l l s o r
r o o f h a v i n g a n a r e a n o t l e s s t h a n 10
per cen t of t h a t of t h e com bin ed a r ea of
t h e en closin g wa lls a n d r oof sh a ll be of
explosion r elievin g con st r u ct ion .
(i v ) E a c h o p e n i n g fr o m s u c h s t o r a g e
r oom s t o ot h er pa r t s of t h e bu ildin g
s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y a 11⁄2 h o u r (B ) fi r e
d o o r l i s t e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y . R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r
d e fi n i t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t est in g la bor a t or y .
(v ) S u c h r o o m s s h a l l h a v e n o o p e n
fl a m e s fo r h e a t i n g o r l i g h t i n g .
(v i ) S u c h r o o m s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y
ven t ila t ed bot h t op a n d bot t om t o t h e
o u t s i d e o n l y . T h e o p e n i n g s fr o m s u c h
v e n t s s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 5 fe e t a w a y fr o m
a n y ot h er open in g in t o a n y bu ildin g.
(v i i ) T h e fl o o r s o f s u c h r o o m s s h a l l
n ot be below gr ou n d level. An y spa ce
b e l o w t h e fl o o r s h a l l b e o f s o l i d fi l l o r
pr oper ly ven t ila t ed t o t h e open a ir .
(v i i i ) S u c h s t o r a g e r o o m s s h a l l n o t b e
loca t ed a djoin in g t h e lin e of pr oper t y
occu pied by sch ools, ch u r ch es, h os-
p i t a l s , a t h l e t i c fi e l d s o r o t h e r p o i n t s o f
pu blic ga t h er in g.
(i x ) F i x e d e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t s h a l l
be in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a -
g r a p h (b )(18) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(6) S t ora ge ou t sid e of bu ild in gs. (i )
S t o r a g e o u t s i d e o f b u i l d i n g s , fo r c o n -
t a in er s a wa it in g u se or r esa le, sh a ll be
l o c a t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –33
wit h r espect t o:
(a ) T h e n e a r e s t i m p o r t a n t b u i l d i n g o r
gr ou p of bu ildin gs;
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c) B u s y t h o r o u g h fa r e s ;
TABLE H–33
Quantity of LP-Gas Stored Distance
500 pounds or less .............................................. 0
501 to 2,500 pounds ........................................... 10
2,501 to 6,000 pounds ........................................ 10 feet
6,001 to 10,000 pounds ...................................... 20 feet
Over 10,000 pounds ............................................ 25 feet
1 Container or containers shall be at least 10 feet from any
building on adjoining property, any sidewalk, or any of the ex-
posures described in § 1910.110(f)(6)(i) (c) or (d) of this
paragraph.
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e i n a s u i t a b l e
en closu r e or ot h er wise pr ot ect ed
a ga in st t a m per in g.
(7) F ire p rot ect ion . S t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s
ot h er t h a n su pply depot s sepa r a t ed a n d
l o c a t e d a p a r t fr o m d e a l e r , r e s e l l e r , o r
u ser est a blish m en t s sh a ll be pr ovided
w i t h a t l e a s t o n e a p p r o v e d p o r t a b l e fi r e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.110

ext in gu ish er h a vin g a m in im u m r a t in g on da r y con t r ol wh ich will ca u se it t o

o f 8–B , C. c l o s e a u t o m a t i c a l l y i n c a s e o f fi r e .
(g ) [R e s e r v e d ] Wh e n a fu s i b l e p l u g i s u s e d i t s m e l t i n g
(h ) L iqu ef ied p et roleu m ga s serv ice st a - p o i n t s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 220 °F .
t ion s—(1) A p p lica t ion . T h i s p a r a g r a p h (i i ) A fi l l i n g p i p e i n l e t t e r m i n a l n o t
a pplies t o st or a ge con t a in er s, a n d dis- o n t h e c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e fi t t e d w i t h a
pen sin g devices, a n d per t in en t equ ip- p o s i t i v e s h u t o ff v a l v e i n c o n j u n c t i o n
m e n t i n s e r v i c e s t a t i o n s w h e r e L P -G a s wit h eit h er ;
i s s t o r e d a n d i s d i s p e n s e d i n t o fu e l (a ) A b l a c k p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e , o r
t a n k s of m ot or veh icles. S ee pa r a gr a ph
(b) A n e x c e s s fl o w c h e c k v a l v e .
(e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n fo r r e q u i r e m e n t s c o v -
e r i n g u s e o f L P -G a s a s a m o t o r fu e l . A l l (i i i ) A l l o p e n i n g s i n t h e c o n t a i n e r e x -
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s cept t h ose list ed below sh a ll be
sect ion a pply t o t h is pa r a gr a ph u n less e q u i p p e d w i t h a p p r o v e d e x c e s s fl o w
ot h er wise n ot ed. ch eck va lves:
(2) D esign p ressu re a n d cla ssif ica t ion of (a ) F i l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s a s p r o v i d e d i n
st ora ge con t a in ers. S t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s s u b d i v i s i o n (i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h .
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n d c l a s s i fi e d i n a c - (b) S a fe t y r e l i e f c o n n e c t i o n s a s p r o -
c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e H –34. v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(7)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
TABLE H–34 (c) L i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e s a s p r o -
Minimum design pressure of con-
v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (b )(7)(i v ) a n d
tainer, lb. per sq. in. gage (19)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
For gases
with vapor 1949 edition of ASME (d ) P r e s s u r e g a g e c o n n e c t i o n s a s p r o -
Con- press. Not 1949 and Code (Par. U–200, v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(7)(v ) o f t h i s s e c -
to exceed earlier edi- U–201); 1950, 1952,
tainer lb. per sq. tions of 1956, 1959, 1962, t ion .
type in. gage at ASME 1965, and 1968 (Divi- (i v ) A l l c o n t a i n e r i n l e t s a n d o u t l e t s
100 °F. Code (Par. sion 1) editions of
(37.8 °C.) U–68, U– ASME Code; All edi- except t h ose list ed below sh a ll be la -
69) tions of API-ASME beled t o design a t e wh et h er t h ey con -
Code 2
n e c t w i t h v a p o r o r l i q u i d (l a b e l s m a y
1 200 215 200 250 b e o n v a l v e s ):
1 Container type may be increased by increments of 25. (a ) S a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s .
The minimum design pressure of containers shall be 100 per-
cent of the container type designation when constructed (b) L i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e s .
under 1949 or earlier editions of the ASME Code (Par. U–68 (c) P r e s s u r e g a g e s .
and U–69). The minimum design pressure of containers shall
be 125 percent of the container type designation when con- (v ) E a c h s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e
structed under: (1) The 1949 ASME Code (Paragraphs U–200 pr ovided wit h a su it a ble pr essu r e ga ge.
and U–201), (2) 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, and
1968 (Division 1) editions of the ASME Code, and (3) all edi- (4) S a f et y -relief v a lv es. (i ) A l l s a fe t y -
tions of the API-ASME Code.
2 Construction of containers under the API-ASME Code is r e l i e f d e v i c e s s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d a s fo l -
not authorized after July 1, 1961. lows:
(3) Con t a in er v a lv es a n d a ccessories. (i ) (a ) On t h e c o n t a i n e r a n d d i r e c t l y c o n -
A fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n o n t h e c o n t a i n e r n ect ed wit h t h e va por spa ce.
s h a l l b e fi t t e d w i t h o n e o f t h e fo l - (b) S a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s a n d d i s c h a r g e
lowin g: pipin g sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st ph y s-
(a ) A c o m b i n a t i o n b a c k -p r e s s u r e ica l da m a ge. T h e ou t let sh a ll be pr o-
c h e c k a n d e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e . v i d e d w i t h l o o s e -fi t t i n g r a i n c a p s .
(b) On e d o u b l e o r t w o s i n g l e b a c k - T h er e sh a ll be n o r et u r n ben ds or r e-
pr essu r e va lves. st r ict ion s in t h e disch a r ge pipin g.
(c) A p o s i t i v e s h u t o ff v a l v e , i n c o n - (c) T h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m t w o o r m o r e
ju n ct ion wit h eit h er , s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s h a v i n g t h e s a m e
(1) A n i n t e r n a l b a c k -p r e s s u r e v a l v e , pr essu r e set t in gs m a y be r u n in t o a
or com m on disch a r ge h ea der . T h e cr oss-
(2) On i n t e r n a l e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e . sect ion a l a r ea of su ch h ea der sh a ll be
I n l i e u o f a n e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e , fi l l i n g a t lea st equ a l t o t h e su m of t h e cr oss-
c o n n e c t i o n s m a y b e fi t t e d w i t h a sect ion a l a r ea s of t h e in dividu a l dis-
q u i c k -c l o s i n g i n t e r n a l v a l v e , w h i c h ch a r ges.
sh a ll r em a in closed except du r in g oper - (d ) D i s c h a r g e fr o m a n y s a fe t y r e l i e f
a t i n g p e r i o d s . T h e m e c h a n i s m fo r s u c h device sh a ll n ot t er m in a t e in a n y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

va lves m a y be pr ovided wit h a sec- bu ildin g n or ben ea t h a n y bu ildin g.

329

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00339 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
(i i ) A b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s a s
fo l l o w s :
(a ) T h e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e , w h i c h m a y
be pr ovided by on e or m or e va lves,
s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n t h a t s p e c i fi e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b )(10)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(b) T h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m s a fe t y r e l i e f
va lves sh a ll be ven t ed t o t h e open a ir
u n obst r u ct ed a n d ver t ica lly u pwa r ds in
su ch a m a n n er a s t o pr even t a n y im -
pin gem en t of esca pin g ga s u pon t h e
c o n t a i n e r ; l o o s e -fi t t i n g r a i n c a p s s h a l l
b e u s e d . On a c o n t a i n e r h a v i n g a w a t e r
c a p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 g a l l o n s , t h e
d i s c h a r g e fr o m t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s
s h a l l b e v e n t e d a w a y fr o m t h e c o n -
t a in er ver t ica lly u pwa r ds t o a poin t a t
l e a s t 7 fe e t a b o v e t h e c o n t a i n e r . S u i t -
a ble pr ovision s sh a ll be m a de so t h a t
a n y liqu id or con den sa t e t h a t m a y a c-
cu m u la t e in side of t h e r elief va lve or
it s disch a r ge pipe will n ot r en der t h e
va lve in oper a t ive. If a dr a in is u sed, a
m ea n s sh a ll be pr ovided t o pr ot ect t h e
con t a in er , a dja cen t con t a in er s, pipin g,
or equ ipm en t a ga in st im pin gem en t of
fl a m e r e s u l t i n g fr o m i g n i t i o n o f t h e
p r o d u c t e s c a p i n g fr o m t h e d r a i n .
(i i i ) U n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d w i t h s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s a s
fo l l o w s :
(a ) T h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m s a fe t y -r e l i e f
va lves sh a ll be piped ver t ica lly u pwa r d
t o a p o i n t a t l e a s t 10 fe e t a b o v e t h e
gr ou n d. T h e disch a r ge lin es or pipes
sh a ll be a dequ a t ely su ppor t ed a n d pr o-
t ect ed a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge.
(b) [R e s e r v e d ]
(c) I f n o l i q u i d i s p u t i n t o a c o n t a i n e r
u n t i l a ft e r i t i s b u r i e d a n d c o v e r e d , t h e
r a t e of disch a r ge of t h e r elief va lves
m a y b e r e d u c e d t o n o t l e s s t h a n 30 p e r -
cen t of t h e r a t e sh own in pa r a gr a ph
(b )(10)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . I f l i q u i d fu e l
is pr esen t du r in g in st a lla t ion of con -
t a in er s, t h e r a t e of disch a r ge sh a ll be
t h e s a m e a s fo r a b o v e g r o u n d c o n -
t a in er s. S u ch con t a in er s sh a ll n ot be
u n c o v e r e d u n t i l e m p t i e d o f l i q u i d fu e l .
(5) Ca p a cit y of liqu id con t a in ers. I n d i -
vidu a l liqu id st or a ge con t a in er s sh a ll
n o t e x c e e d 30,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c -
it y .
(6) I n st a lla t ion of st ora ge con t a in ers.
(i )(a ) E a c h s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r u s e d e x -
clu sively in ser vice st a t ion oper a t ion
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g t a b l e
330
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00340 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
w h i c h s p e c i fi e s m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e s t o
a bu ildin g a n d gr ou ps of bu ildin gs.
Minimum distances
Water capacity per container (gal- Above- Between
ground above-
lons) and under- ground
ground containers
(feet) (feet)
Up to 2,000 .................................... 25 3
Over 2,000 ..................................... 50 5
NOTE: The above distances may be reduced to not less
than 10 feet for service station buildings of other than wood
frame construction.
(b) R e a d i l y i g n i t i b l e m a t e r i a l i n c l u d -
in g weeds a n d lon g dr y gr a ss, sh a ll be
r e m o v e d w i t h i n 10 fe e t o f c o n t a i n e r s .
(c) T h e m i n i m u m s e p a r a t i o n b e t w e e n
L P -G a s c o n t a i n e r s a n d fl a m m a b l e l i q -
u i d t a n k s s h a l l b e 20 fe e t a n d t h e m i n -
im u m sepa r a t ion bet ween a con t a in er
a n d t h e cen t er lin e of t h e dik e sh a ll be
10 fe e t .
(d ) L P -G a s c o n t a i n e r s l o c a t e d n e a r
fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e fl o w o r a c c u m u -
l a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s b y d i k i n g ,
diver sion cu r bs, or gr a din g.
(e) L P -G a s c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l n o t b e l o -
c a t e d w i t h i n d i k e d a r e a s fo r fl a m m a b l e
liqu id con t a in er s.
(f ) F i e l d w e l d i n g i s p e r m i t t e d o n l y o n
sa ddle pla t es or br a ck et s wh ich wer e
a p p l i e d b y t h e c o n t a i n e r m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(g) Wh e n p e r m a n e n t l y i n s t a l l e d c o n -
t a in er s a r e in t er con n ect ed, pr ovision
s h a l l b e m a d e t o c o m p e n s a t e fo r e x p a n -
sion , con t r a ct ion , vibr a t ion , a n d set -
t lin g of con t a in er s a n d in t er con n ect in g
p i p i n g . Wh e r e fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n s a r e
u sed, t h ey sh a ll be of a n a ppr oved t y pe
a n d s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a b u r s t i n g
p r e s s u r e o f n o t l e s s t h a n fi v e t i m e s t h e
v a p o r p r e s s u r e o f t h e p r o d u c t a t 100 °F .
T h e u se of n on m et a llic h ose is pr oh ib-
i t e d fo r i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g s u c h c o n -
t a in er s.
(h ) Wh e r e h i g h w a t e r t a b l e o r fl o o d
con dit ion s m a y be en cou n t er ed pr ot ec-
t i o n a g a i n s t c o n t a i n e r fl o t a t i o n s h a l l
be pr ovided.
(i i ) A b o v e g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is su b-
division .
(a ) Co n t a i n e r s m a y b e i n s t a l l e d h o r i -
zo n t a l l y o r v e r t i c a l l y .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y
cr a sh r a ils or gu a r ds t o pr even t ph y s-
ica l da m a ge u n less t h ey a r e so pr o-
t ect ed by vir t u e of t h eir loca t ion . Veh i-
c l e s s h a l l n o t b e s e r v i c e d w i t h i n 10 fe e t
of con t a in er s.
(c) Co n t a i n e r fo u n d a t i o n s s h a l l b e o f
su bst a n t ia l m a son r y or ot h er n on -
c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l . Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l
be m ou n t ed on sa ddles wh ich sh a ll per -
m it expa n sion a n d con t r a ct ion , a n d
sh a ll pr ovide a ga in st t h e excessive con -
c e n t r a t i o n o f s t r e s s e s . Co r r o s i o n p r o -
t e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r t a n k -
m ou n t in g a r ea s. S t r u ct u r a l m et a l con -
t a in er su ppor t s sh a ll be pr ot ect ed
a g a i n s t fi r e . T h i s p r o t e c t i o n i s n o t r e -
q u i r e d o n p r e fa b r i c a t e d s t o r a g e a n d
pu m p a ssem blies, m ou n t ed on a com -
m on ba se, wit h con t a in er bot t om n ot
m o r e t h a n 24 i n c h e s a b o v e g r o u n d a n d
w h o s e w a t e r c a p a c i t y i s 2,000 g a l l o n s o r
less if t h e pipin g con n ect ed t o t h e st or -
a g e a n d p u m p a s s e m b l y i s s u ffi c i e n t l y
fl e x i b l e t o m i n i m i ze t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f
br ea k a ge or lea k a ge in t h e even t of
fa i l u r e o f t h e c o n t a i n e r s u p p o r t s .
(i i i ) U n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
in st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is su b-
division .
(a ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e g i v e n a p r o -
t e c t i v e c o a t i n g b e fo r e b e i n g p l a c e d
u n der gr ou n d. T h is coa t in g sh a ll be
e q u i v a l e n t t o h o t -d i p g a l v a n i zi n g o r t o
t w o c o a t i n g s o f r e d l e a d fo l l o w e d b y a
h ea vy coa t in g of coa l t a r or a sph a lt . In
lower in g t h e con t a in er in t o pla ce, ca r e
s h a l l b e e x e r c i s e d t o m i n i m i ze a b r a s i o n
or ot h er da m a ge t o t h e coa t in g. Da m -
a ge t o t h e coa t in g sh a ll be r epa ir ed be-
fo r e b a c k -fi l l i n g .
(b) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e t o n a fi r m
fo u n d a t i o n (fi r m e a r t h m a y b e u s e d )
a n d su r r ou n ded wit h ea r t h or sa n d
fi r m l y t a m p e d i n p l a c e . B a c k fi l l s h o u l d
b e fr e e o f r o c k s o r o t h e r a b r a s i v e m a t e -
r ia ls.
(c) A m i n i m u m o f 2 fe e t o f e a r t h
c o v e r s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d . Wh e r e g r o u n d
con dit ion s m a k e com plia n ce wit h t h is
r equ ir em en t im pr a ct ica l, equ iva len t
pr ot ect ion a ga in st ph y sica l da m a ge
sh a ll be pr ovided. T h e por t ion of t h e
con t a in er t o wh ich m a n h ole a n d ot h er
con n ect ion s a r e a t t a ch ed n eed n ot be
cover ed. If t h e loca t ion is su bject ed t o
v e h i c u l a r t r a ffi c , c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
pr ot ect ed by a con cr et e sla b or ot h er
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
cover a dequ a t e t o pr even t t h e weigh t
331
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00341 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.110
of a loa ded veh icle im posin g con -
cen t r a t ed dir ect loa ds on t h e con t a in er
sh ell.
(7) P rot ect ion of con t a in er f it t in gs.
Va lves, r egu la t or s, ga ges, a n d ot h er
c o n t a i n e r fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d
a ga in st t a m per in g a n d ph y sica l da m -
a ge.
(8) T ra n sp ort t ru ck u n loa d in g p oin t . (i )
Du r in g u n loa din g, t h e t r a n spor t t r u ck
sh a ll n ot be pa r k ed on pu blic t h or ou gh -
fa r e s a n d s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 5 fe e t fr o m
st or a ge con t a in er s, a n d sh a ll be posi-
t i o n e d s o t h a t s h u t o ff v a l v e s a r e r e a d -
ily a ccessible.
(i i ) T h e fi l l i n g p i p e i n l e t t e r m i n a l
sh a ll n ot be loca t ed wit h in a bu ildin g
n o r w i t h i n 10 fe e t o f a n y b u i l d i n g o r
dr ivewa y . It sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st
ph y sica l da m a ge.
(9) P ip in g, v a lv es, a n d f it t in gs. (i ) P i p -
in g m a y be u n der gr ou n d, a bove gr ou n d,
or a com bin a t ion of bot h . It sh a ll be
well su ppor t ed a n d pr ot ect ed a ga in st
ph y sica l da m a ge a n d cor r osion .
(i i ) P i p i n g l a i d b e n e a t h d r i v e w a y s
sh a ll be in st a lled t o pr even t ph y sica l
da m a ge by veh icles.
(i i i ) P i p i n g s h a l l b e w r o u g h t i r o n o r
s t e e l (b l a c k o r g a l v a n i ze d ), b r a s s o r
copper pipe; or sea m less copper , br a ss,
o r s t e e l t u b i n g a n d s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r
a m i n i m u m p r e s s u r e o f 250 p .s .i .g . P i p e
j o i n t s m a y b e s c r e w e d , fl a n g e d , b r a ze d ,
or welded. T h e u se of a lu m in u m a lloy
pipin g or t u bin g is pr oh ibit ed.
(i v ) A l l s h u t o ff v a l v e s (l i q u i d o r g a s )
s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r l i q u e fi e d p e t r o -
l e u m g a s s e r v i c e a n d d e s i g n e d fo r n o t
less t h a n t h e m a xim u m pr essu r e t o
wh ich t h ey m a y be su bject ed. Va lves
wh ich m a y be su bject ed t o con t a in er
pr essu r e sh a ll h a ve a r a t ed wor k in g
p r e s s u r e o f a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g .
(v ) A l l m a t e r i a l s u s e d fo r v a l v e s e a t s ,
p a c k i n g , g a s k e t s , d i a p h r a g m s , e t c .,
sh a ll be r esist a n t t o t h e a ct ion of L P -
Ga s.
(v i ) F i t t i n g s s h a l l b e s t e e l , m a l l e a b l e
ir on , or br a ss h a vin g a m in im u m wor k -
i n g p r e s s u r e o f 250 p .s .i .g . Ca s t i r o n
p i p e fi t t i n g s , s u c h a s e l l s , t e e s , a n d
u n ion s sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(v i i ) A l l p i p i n g s h a l l b e t e s t e d a ft e r
a s s e m b l y a n d p r o v e d fr e e fr o m l e a k s a t
n ot less t h a n n or m a l oper a t in g pr es-
su r es.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.110
(v i i i ) P r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e fo r e x -
pa n sion , con t r a ct ion , ja r r in g, a n d vi-
b r a t i o n , a n d fo r s e t t l i n g . T h i s m a y b e
a c c o m p l i s h e d b y fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n s .
(10) P u m p s a n d a ccessories. A l l p u m p s
a n d a ccessor y equ ipm en t sh a ll be su it -
a b l e fo r L P -G a s s e r v i c e , a n d d e s i g n e d
fo r n o t l e s s t h a n t h e m a x i m u m p r e s -
su r e t o wh ich t h ey m a y be su bject ed.
Accessor ies sh a ll h a ve a m in im u m
r a t e d w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f 250 p .s .i .g .
P osit ive displa cem en t pu m ps sh a ll be
equ ipped wit h su it a ble pr essu r e a ct u -
a t e d b y p a s s v a l v e s p e r m i t t i n g fl o w
fr o m p u m p d i s c h a r g e t o s t o r a g e c o n -
t a in er or pu m p su ct ion .
(11) D isp en sin g d ev ices. (i ) M e t e r s ,
v a p o r s e p a r a t o r s , v a l v e s , a n d fi t t i n g s
i n t h e d i s p e n s e r s h a l l b e s u i t a b l e fo r
L P -G a s s e r v i c e a n d s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d
fo r a m i n i m u m w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f 250
p .s .i .g .
(i i ) P r o v i s i o n s s h a l l b e m a d e fo r v e n t -
i n g L P -G a s c o n t a i n e d i n a d i s p e n s i n g
d e v i c e t o a s a fe l o c a t i o n .
(i i i ) P u m p s u s e d t o t r a n s fe r L P -G a s
sh a ll be equ ipped t o a llow con t r ol of
t h e fl o w a n d t o p r e v e n t l e a k a g e o r a c -
ciden t a l disch a r ge. Mea n s sh a ll be pr o-
vided ou t side t h e dispen sin g device t o
r e a d i l y s h u t o ff t h e p o w e r i n t h e e v e n t
o f fi r e o r a c c i d e n t .
(i v ) A m a n u a l s h u t o ff v a l v e a n d a n
e x c e s s fl o w c h e c k v a l v e s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled down st r ea m of t h e pu m p a n d
a h ea d of t h e dispen ser in let .
(v )(a ) D i s p e n s i n g h o s e s h a l l b e r e s i s t -
a n t t o t h e a c t i o n o f L P -G a s i n t h e l i q -
u i d p h a s e a n d d e s i g n e d fo r a m i n i m u m
b u r s t i n g p r e s s u r e o f 1,250 p .s .i .g .
(b) A n e x c e s s fl o w c h e c k v a l v e o r
a u t o m a t i c s h u t o ff v a l v e s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled a t t h e t er m in u s of t h e liqu id
lin e a t t h e poin t of a t t a ch m en t of t h e
dispen sin g h ose.
(v i )(a ) L P -G a s d i s p e n s i n g d e v i c e s
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n 10 fe e t
fr o m a b o v e g r o u n d s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s
g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c -
it y . T h e dispen sin g devices sh a ll n ot be
l e s s t h a n 20 fe e t fr o m a n y b u i l d i n g (n o t
i n c l u d i n g c a n o p i e s ), b a s e m e n t , c e l l a r ,
pit , or lin e of a djoin in g pr oper t y wh ich
m a y b e b u i l t u p o n a n d n o t l e s s t h a n 10
fe e t fr o m s i d e w a l k s , s t r e e t s , o r t h o r -
o u g h fa r e s . N o d r a i n s o r b l o w o ff l i n e s
sh a ll be dir ect ed in t o or in pr oxim it y
t o t h e s e w e r s y s t e m s u s e d fo r o t h e r
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pu r poses.
332
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(b) L P -G a s d i s p e n s i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l
b e i n s t a l l e d o n a c o n c r e t e fo u n d a t i o n
or a s pa r t of a com plet e st or a ge a n d
dispen sin g a ssem bly m ou n t ed on a
com m on ba se, a n d sh a ll be a dequ a t ely
p r o t e c t e d fr o m p h y s i c a l d a m a g e .
(c) L P -G a s d i s p e n s i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l
n ot be in st a lled wit h in a bu ildin g ex-
cept t h a t t h ey m a y be loca t ed u n der a
wea t h er sh elt er or ca n opy pr ovided
t h is a r ea is n ot en closed on m or e t h a n
t wo sides. If t h e en closin g sides a r e a d-
ja cen t t o ea ch ot h er , t h e a r ea sh a ll be
pr oper ly ven t ila t ed.
(v i i ) T h e d i s p e n s i n g o f L P -G a s i n t o
t h e fu e l c o n t a i n e r o f a v e h i c l e s h a l l b e
p e r fo r m e d b y a c o m p e t e n t a t t e n d a n t
w h o s h a l l r e m a i n a t t h e L P -G a s d i s -
p e n s e r d u r i n g t h e e n t i r e t r a n s fe r o p e r -
a t ion .
(12) A d d it ion a l ru les. T h e r e s h a l l b e n o
sm ok in g on t h e dr ivewa y of ser vice
st a t ion s in t h e dispen sin g a r ea s or
t r a n s p o r t t r u c k u n l o a d i n g a r e a s . Co n -
spicu ou s sign s pr oh ibit in g sm ok in g
sh a ll be post ed wit h in sigh t of t h e cu s-
t om er bein g ser ved. L et t er s on su ch
sign s sh a ll be n ot less t h a n 4 in ch es
h igh . T h e m ot or s of a ll veh icles bein g
fu e l e d s h a l l b e s h u t o ff d u r i n g t h e fu e l -
in g oper a t ion s.
(13) E lect rica l. E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t
a n d i n s t a l l a t i o n s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o
p a r a g r a p h s (b ) (17) a n d (18) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(14) F ire p rot ect ion . E a c h s e r v i c e s t a -
t ion sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a t lea st on e
a p p r o v e d p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r
h a v i n g a t l e a s t a n 8–B , C, r a t i n g .
(i ) S cop e—(1) A p p lica t ion . (i ) P a r a -
g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o i n -
st a lla t ion s m a de in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (c ), (d ),
(e ), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , e x c e p t
a s n ot ed in ea ch of t h ose pa r a gr a ph s.
(i i ) P a r a g r a p h s (c ) t h r o u g h (h ) o f t h i s
sect ion a pply a s pr ovided in ea ch of
t h ose pa r a gr a ph s.
(2) I n a p p lica bilit y . T h i s s e c t i o n d o e s
n ot a pply t o:
(i ) M a r i n e a n d p i p e l i n e t e r m i n a l s ,
n a t u r a l g a s p r o c e s s i n g p l a n t s , r e fi n -
e r i e s , o r t a n k fa r m s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e
a t in du st r ia l sit es.
(i i ) L P -G a s r e fr i g e r a t e d s t o r a g e s y s -
t em s;
(i i i ) L P -G a s w h e n u s e d w i t h o x y g e n .
T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.253 s h a l l
a pply t o su ch u se;
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i v ) L P -G a s w h e n u s e d i n u t i l i t y g a s
pla n t s. T h e Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion
A s s o c i a t i o n S t a n d a r d fo r t h e S t o r a g e
a n d H a n d l i n g o f L i q u e fi e d P e t r o l e u m
Ga ses a t Ut ilit y Ga s P la n t s, NF P A No.
59–1968, s h a l l a p p l y t o s u c h u s e ;
(v ) L o w -p r e s s u r e (n o t i n e x c e s s o f
o n e -h a l f p o u n d p e r s q u a r e i n c h o r 14
i n c h e s w a t e r c o l u m n ) L P -G a s p i p i n g
sy st em s, a n d t h e in st a lla t ion a n d oper -
a t ion of r esiden t ia l a n d com m er cia l a p-
plia n ces in clu din g t h eir in let con n ec-
t ion s, su pplied t h r ou gh su ch sy st em s.
F or su ch sy st em s, t h e Na t ion a l F ir e
P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n S t a n d a r d fo r
t h e In st a lla t ion of Ga s Applia n ces a n d
G a s P i p i n g , N F P A 54–1969 s h a l l a p p l y .
(3) R et roa ct iv it y . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e
st a t ed, it is n ot in t en ded t h a t t h e pr o-
vision s of t h is sect ion be r et r oa ct ive.
(i ) E x i s t i n g p l a n t s , a p p l i a n c e s , e q u i p -
m en t , bu ildin gs, st r u ct u r es, a n d in st a l-
l a t i o n s fo r t h e s t o r a g e , h a n d l i n g o r u s e
o f L P -G a s , w h i c h w e r e i n c o m p l i a n c e
wit h t h e cu r r en t pr ovision s of t h e Na -
t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion
S t a n d a r d fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g
o f L i q u e fi e d P e t r o l e u m G a s e s N F P A
N o . 58, a t t h e t i m e o f m a n u fa c t u r e o r
in st a lla t ion m a y be con t in u ed in u se, if
su ch con t in u ed u se does n ot con st it u t e
a r e c o g n i ze d h a za r d t h a t i s c a u s i n g o r
is lik ely t o ca u se dea t h or ser iou s
ph y sica l h a r m t o em ploy ees.
(i i ) S t o c k s o f e q u i p m e n t a n d a p p l i -
a n ces on h a n d in su ch loca t ion s a s
m a n u fa c t u r e r s ’ s t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n
wa r eh ou ses, a n d dea ler s’ st or a ge a n d
sh owr oom s, wh ich wer e in com plia n ce
wit h t h e cu r r en t pr ovision s of t h e Na -
t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion
S t a n d a r d fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g
o f L i q u e fi e d P e t r o l e u m G a s e s , N F P A
N o . 58, a t t h e t i m e o f m a n u fa c t u r e ,
m a y be pla ced in ser vice, if su ch u se
d o e s n o t c o n s t i t u t e a r e c o g n i ze d h a za r d
t h a t is ca u sin g or is lik ely t o ca u se
dea t h or ser iou s ph y sica l h a r m t o em -
ploy ees.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49747, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5322, F e b . 10,
1984; 53 F R 12122, A p r . 12, 1988; 55 F R 25094,
J u n e 20, 1990; 55 F R 32015, A u g . 6, 1990; 58 F R
35309, J u n e 30, 1993; 61 F R 9237, 9238, M a r . 7,
1996; 63 F R 33466, J u n e 18, 1998]
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
333
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00343 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.111
§ 1910.111 Storage and handling of an-
hydrous ammonia.
(a ) Gen era l—(1) S cop e. (i ) T h i s s t a n d -
a r d is in t en ded t o a pply t o t h e design ,
con st r u ct ion , loca t ion , in st a lla t ion ,
a n d oper a t ion of a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia
s y s t e m s i n c l u d i n g r e fr i g e r a t e d a m m o -
n ia st or a ge sy st em s.
(i i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d d o e s n o t a p p l y t o :
(a ) A m m o n i a m a n u fa c t u r i n g p l a n t s .
(b) R e fr i g e r a t i o n p l a n t s w h e r e a m m o -
n i a i s u s e d s o l e l y a s a r e fr i g e r a n t .
(2) D ef in it ion s. A s u s e d i n t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i ) A p p u rt en a n ces. A l l d e v i c e s s u c h a s
p u m p s , c o m p r e s s o r s , s a fe t y r e l i e f d e -
vices, l i q u i d -l e v e l ga gin g devices,
va lves a n d pr essu r e ga ges.
(i i ) Cy lin d er. A c o n t a i n e r o f 1,000
pou n ds of wa t er ca pa cit y or less con -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h Depa r t -
m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n s p e c i fi c a t i o n s .
(i i i ) Cod e. T h e B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e
V e s s e l Co d e , S e c t i o n V I I I , U n fi r e d
P r essu r e Vessels of t h e Am er ica n S oci-
e t y o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r s (A S M E )—
1968.
(i v ) Con t a in er. I n c l u d e s a l l v e s s e l s ,
t a n k s , c y l i n d e r s , o r s p h e r e s u s e d fo r
t r a n spor t a t ion , st or a ge, or a pplica t ion
of a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia .
(v ) D O T . U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s -
por t a t ion .
(v i ) D esign p ressu re i s i d e n t i c a l t o t h e
t e r m M a x im u m A llow a ble W ork in g P res-
su re u s e d i n t h e Co d e .
(v i i ) F a rm v eh icle (i m p l e m e n t o f h u s -
b a n d r y ). A v e h i c l e fo r u s e o n a fa r m o n
wh ich is m ou n t ed a con t a in er of n ot
o v e r 1,200 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y .
(v i i i ) F illin g d en sit y . t h e p e r c e n t r a t i o
of t h e weigh t of t h e ga s in a con t a in er
t o t h e w e i g h t o f w a t e r a t 60 °F . t h a t
t h e con t a in er will h old.
(i x ) Ga s. A n h y d r o u s a m m o n i a i n e i -
t h e r t h e g a s e o u s o r l i q u e fi e d s t a t e .
(x ) Ga s m a sk s. G a s m a s k s m u s t b e a p -
p r o v e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y and Hea lt h
(N I OS H ) u n d e r 42 CF R p a r t 84 fo r u s e
wit h a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia .
(x i ) Ca p a cit y . T o t a l v o l u m e o f t h e
c o n t a i n e r i n s t a n d a r d U .S . g a l l o n s .
(x i i ) D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s —R e g u l a t i o n s
of t h e Depa r t m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion
p u b l i s h e d i n 49 CF R Ch a p t e r I .
(b ) B a sic ru les. T h i s p a r a g r a p h a p p l i e s
t o a ll pa r a gr a ph s of t h is sect ion u n less
ot h er wise n ot ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.111
(1) A p p rov a l of equ ip m en t a n d sy st em s.
E a ch a ppu r t en a n ce sh a ll be a ppr oved in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b )(1) (i ),
(i i ), (i i i ), o r (i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i ) I t w a s i n s t a l l e d b e fo r e F e b r u a r y 8,
1973, a n d w a s a p p r o v e d , t e s t e d , a n d i n -
st a lled in a ccor da n ce wit h eit h er t h e
pr ovision s of t h e Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n d a r d fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g
o f A n h y d r o u s A m m o n i a , K 61.1, o r t h e
F e r t i l i ze r I n s t i t u t e S t a n d a r d s fo r t h e
S t or a ge a n d Ha n dlin g of Agr icu lt u r a l
A n h y d r o u s A m m o n i a , M –1, (b o t h o f
w h i c h a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6) i n e ffe c t a t t h e
t im e of in st a lla t ion ; or
(i i ) I t i s a c c e p t e d , o r c e r t i fi e d , o r l i s t -
ed, or la beled, or ot h er wise det er m in ed
t o b e s a fe b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
t est in g la bor a t or y ; or
(i i i ) I t i s a t y p e w h i c h n o n a t i o n a l l y
r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y d o e s , o r
w i l l u n d e r t a k e t o , a c c e p t , c e r t i fy , l i s t ,
l a b e l , o r d e t e r m i n e t o b e s a fe ; a n d s u c h
equ ipm en t is in spect ed or t est ed by
a n y F eder a l, S t a t e, m u n icipa l, or ot h er
l o c a l a u t h o r i t y r e s p o n s i b l e fo r e n fo r c -
i n g o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y p r o v i s i o n s o f a
F eder a l, S t a t e, m u n icipa l or ot h er
loca l la w, code, or r egu la t ion per -
t a in in g t o t h e st or a ge, h a n dlin g, t r a n s-
por t , a n d u se of a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia ,
a n d fo u n d t o b e i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h e i -
t h er t h e pr ovision s of t h e Am er ica n
N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d
Ha n dlin g of An h y dr ou s Am m on ia ,
K 61.1, o r t h e F e r t i l i ze r I n s t i t u t e S t a n d -
a r d s fo r t h e S t o r a g e a n d H a n d l i n g o f
Agr icu lt u r a l An h y dr ou s Am m on ia , M–
1, i n e ffe c t a t t h e t i m e o f i n s t a l l a t i o n ;
or
(i v ) I t i s a c u s t o m -d e s i g n e d a n d c u s -
t o m -b u i l t u n i t , w h i c h n o n a t i o n a l l y
r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y , o r F e d -
er a l, S t a t e, m u n icipa l or loca l a u t h or -
i t y r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e e n fo r c e m e n t o f a
F eder a l, S t a t e, m u n icipa l, or loca l la w,
code or r egu la t ion per t a in in g t o t h e
st or a ge, t r a n spor t a t ion a n d u se of a n -
h y dr ou s a m m on ia is willin g t o u n der -
t a k e t o a c c e p t , c e r t i fy , l i s t , l a b e l o r d e -
t e r m i n e t o b e s a fe , a n d t h e e m p l o y e r
h a s o n fi l e a d o c u m e n t a t t e s t i n g t o i t s
s a fe c o n d i t i o n fo l l o w i n g t h e c o n d u c t o f
a ppr opr ia t e t est s. T h e docu m en t sh a ll
b e s i g n e d b y a r e g i s t e r e d p r o fe s s i o n a l
en gin eer or ot h er per son h a vin g specia l
t r a i n i n g o r e x p e r i e n c e s u ffi c i e n t t o p e r -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m i t h i m t o fo r m a n o p i n i o n a s t o s a fe t y
334
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00344 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
of t h e u n it in volved. T h e docu m en t
s h a l l s e t fo r t h t h e t e s t b a s e s , t e s t d a t a
a n d r e s u l t s , a n d a l s o t h e q u a l i fi c a t i o n s
o f t h e c e r t i fy i n g p e r s o n .
(v ) F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(1), t h e w o r d list ed m e a n s t h a t
equ ipm en t is of a k in d m en t ion ed in a
list wh ich is pu blish ed by a n a t ion a lly
r e c o g n i ze d l a b o r a t o r y w h i c h m a k e s
per iodic in spect ion of t h e pr odu ct ion of
su ch equ ipm en t , a n d st a t es su ch equ ip-
m en t m e e t s n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
s t a n d a r d s o r h a s b e e n t e s t e d a n d fo u n d
s a fe fo r u s e i n a s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r . L a -
beled m e a n s t h e r e i s a t t a c h e d t o i t a
l a b e l , s y m b o l , o r o t h e r i d e n t i fy i n g
m a r k o f a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g
la bor a t or y wh ich , m a k es per iodic in -
spect ion s of t h e pr odu ct ion of su ch
equ ipm en t , a n d wh ose la belin g in di-
ca t es com plia n ce wit h n a t ion a lly r ec-
o g n i ze d s t a n d a r d s o r t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e
s a fe u s e i n a s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r . Cert if ied
m e a n s i t h a s b e e n t e s t e d a n d fo u n d b y
a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a -
t o r y t o m e e t n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
s t a n d a r d s o r t o b e s a fe fo r u s e i n a
s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r , o r i s o f a k i n d w h o s e
pr odu ct ion is per iodica lly in spect ed by
a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a -
t or y , a n d it bea r s a la bel, t a g, or ot h er
r e c o r d o f c e r t i fi c a t i o n .
(v i ) F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(1), r e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i -
t i o n o f n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g
la bor a t or y .
(2) R equ irem en t s f or con st ru ct ion , origi-
n a l t est a n d requ a lif ica t ion of n on ref rig-
era t ed con t a in ers. (i ) Co n t a i n e r s u s e d
w i t h s y s t e m s c o v e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (c ),
(f), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e
con st r u ct ed a n d t est ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e Co d e e x c e p t t h a t c o n s t r u c t i o n
u n d e r T a b l e U W12 a t a b a s i c j o i n t e ffi -
c i e n c y o f u n d e r 80 p e r c e n t i s n o t a u -
t h o r i ze d .
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s b u i l t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
Co d e d o n o t h a v e t o c o m p l y w i t h P a r a -
g r a p h s U G 125 t o U G 128 i n c l u s i v e , a n d
P a r a g r a p h s U G 132 a n d U G 133 o f t h e
Co d e .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s e x c e e d i n g 36 i n c h e s i n
d i a m e t e r o r 250 g a l l o n s w a t e r c a p a c i t y
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed t o com ply wit h
o n e o r m o r e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s t r e s s r e l i e v e d
a ft e r fa b r i c a t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
t h e Co d e , o r
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b) Co l d -fo r m h e a d s w h e n u s e d , s h a l l
be st r ess r elieved, or
(c) H o t -fo r m e d h e a d s s h a l l b e u s e d .
(i v ) We l d i n g t o t h e s h e l l , h e a d , o r a n y
ot h er pa r t of t h e con t a in er su bject t o
in t er n a l pr essu r e sh a ll be don e in com -
p l i a n c e w i t h t h e Co d e . Ot h e r w e l d i n g i s
per m it t ed on ly on sa ddle pla t es, lu gs,
or br a ck et s a t t a ch ed t o t h e con t a in er
b y t h e c o n t a i n e r m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s u s e d w i t h s y s t e m s c o v -
e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
sh a ll be con st r u ct ed a n d t est ed in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s .
(v i ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b d i v i s i o n (i )
of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph sh a ll n ot be con -
st r u ed a s pr oh ibit in g t h e con t in u ed u se
or r ein st a lla t ion of con t a in er s con -
st r u ct ed a n d m a in t a in ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e 1949, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, a n d
1962 e d i t i o n s o f t h e Co d e o r a n y r e v i -
s i o n s t h e r e o f i n e ffe c t a t t h e t i m e o f
fa b r i c a t i o n .
(3) M a rk in g n on ref rigera t ed con t a in ers.
(i ) S y s t e m n a m e p l a t e s , w h e n r e q u i r e d ,
sh a ll be per m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o t h e
sy st em so a s t o be r ea dily a ccessible
fo r i n s p e c t i o n a n d s h a l l i n c l u d e m a r k -
i n g s a s p r e s c r i b e d i n s u b d i v i s i o n (i i ) o f
t h is su bpa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) E a c h c o n t a i n e r o r s y s t e m c o v e r e d
i n p a r a g r a p h s (c ), (f), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n s h a l l b e m a r k e d a s s p e c i fi e d i n
t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) Wi t h a n o t a t i o n ‘‘A n h y d r o u s A m -
m o n i a .’’
(b) Wi t h a m a r k i n g i d e n t i fy i n g c o m -
p l i a n c e w i t h t h e r u l e s o f t h e Co d e
u n der wh ich t h e con t a in er is con -
st r u ct ed.
U n d e r g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r a n d s y s t e m n a m e -
pla t e.
A b o v e g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r .
(c) Wi t h a n o t a t i o n w h e t h e r t h e s y s -
t e m i s d e s i g n e d fo r u n d e r g r o u n d o r
a bovegr ou n d in st a lla t ion or bot h .
(d ) Wi t h t h e n a m e a n d a d d r e s s o f t h e
su pplier of t h e sy st em or t h e t r a de
n a m e of t h e sy st em a n d wit h t h e da t e
o f fa b r i c a t i o n .
Un der gr ou n d a n d a bove gr ou n d: S y st em
n a m epla t e.
(e) Wi t h t h e w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f t h e
c o n t a i n e r i n p o u n d s a t 60 °F . o r g a l -
l o n s , U .S . S t a n d a r d .
U n d e r g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r a n d s y s t e m n a m e -
pla t e.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
A b o v e g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r .
335
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00345 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.111
(f ) Wi t h t h e d e s i g n p r e s s u r e i n p o u n d s
per squ a r e in ch .
U n d e r g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r a n d s y s t e m n a m e -
pla t e.
A b o v e g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r .
(g) Wi t h t h e w a l l t h i c k n e s s o f t h e
sh ell a n d h ea ds.
U n d e r g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r a n d s y s t e m n a m e -
pla t e.
A b o v e g r o u n d : Co n t a i n e r .
(h ) Wi t h m a r k i n g i n d i c a t i n g t h e
m a xim u m level t o wh ich t h e con t a in er
m a y b e fi l l e d w i t h l i q u i d a n h y d r o u s
a m m o n i a a t t e m p e r a t u r e s b e t w e e n 20
°F . a n d 130 °F . e x c e p t o n c o n t a i n e r s
p r o v i d e d w i t h fi x e d l e v e l i n d i c a t o r s ,
s u c h a s fi x e d l e n g t h d i p t u b e s , o r c o n -
t a i n e r s t h a t a r e fi l l e d w i t h w e i g h t .
Ma r k in gs sh a ll be in in cr em en t s of n ot
m o r e t h a n 20 °F .
Above gr ou n d a n d u n der gr ou n d: S y st em
n a m e p l a t e o r o n l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e .
(i) Wi t h t h e t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a
o f t h e c o n t a i n e r i n s q u a r e fe e t .
Un der gr ou n d: S y st em n a m epla t e.
Above gr ou n d: No r equ ir em en t .
(j) M a r k i n g s p e c i fi e d o n t h e c o n -
t a in er sh a ll be on t h e con t a in er it self
or on a n a m epla t e per m a n en t ly a t -
t a ch ed t o it .
(4) M a rk in g ref rigera t ed con t a in ers.
E a c h r e fr i g e r a t e d c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e
m a r k ed wit h n a m epla t e on t h e ou t er
cover in g in a n a ccessible pla ce a s spec-
i fi e d i n t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) Wi t h t h e n o t a t i o n , ‘‘A n h y d r o u s
A m m o n i a .’’
(i i ) Wi t h t h e n a m e a n d a d d r e s s o f t h e
b u i l d e r a n d t h e d a t e o f fa b r i c a t i o n .
(i i i ) Wi t h t h e w a t e r c a p a c i t y o f t h e
c o n t a i n e r i n g a l l o n s , U .S . S t a n d a r d .
(i v ) Wi t h t h e d e s i g n p r e s s u r e .
(v ) Wi t h t h e m i n i m u m t e m p e r a t u r e
i n d e g r e e s F a h r e n h e i t fo r w h i c h t h e
con t a in er wa s design ed.
(v i ) T h e m a x i m u m a l l o w a b l e w a t e r
level t o wh ich t h e con t a in er m a y be
fi l l e d fo r t e s t p u r p o s e s .
(v i i ) Wi t h t h e d e n s i t y o f t h e p r o d u c t
i n p o u n d s p e r c u b i c fo o t fo r w h i c h t h e
con t a in er wa s design ed.
(v i i i ) Wi t h t h e m a x i m u m l e v e l t o
w h i c h t h e c o n t a i n e r m a y b e fi l l e d w i t h
liqu id a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.111
(5) L oca t ion of con t a in ers. (i ) Co n s i d e r -
a t ion sh a ll be given t o t h e ph y sio-
l o g i c a l e ffe c t s o f a m m o n i a a s w e l l a s t o
a d j a c e n t fi r e h a za r d s i n s e l e c t i n g t h e
l o c a t i o n fo r a s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r . Co n -
t a in er s sh a ll be loca t ed ou t side of
bu ildin gs or in bu ildin gs or sect ion s
t h e r e o f e s p e c i a l l y p r o v i d e d fo r t h i s
pu r pose.
(i i ) P e r m a n e n t s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d a t l e a s t 50 fe e t fr o m a
du g well or ot h er sou r ces of pot a ble
wa t er su pply , u n less t h e con t a in er is a
p a r t o f a w a t e r -t r e a t m e n t i n s t a l l a t i o n .
(i i i )–(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) S t o r a g e a r e a s s h a l l b e k e p t fr e e o f
r ea dily ign it ible m a t er ia ls su ch a s
wa st e, weeds, a n d lon g dr y gr a ss.
(6) Con t a in er a p p u rt en a n ces. (i ) A l l a p -
p u r t e n a n c e s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r n o t
less t h a n t h e m a xim u m wor k in g pr es-
su r e of t h a t por t ion of t h e sy st em on
wh ich t h ey a r e in st a lled. All a ppu r -
t e n a n c e s s h a l l b e fa b r i c a t e d fr o m m a -
t e r i a l s p r o v e d s u i t a b l e fo r a n h y d r o u s
a m m on ia ser vice.
(i i ) A l l c o n n e c t i o n s t o c o n t a i n e r s e x -
c e p t s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s , g a g i n g d e -
v i c e s , o r t h o s e fi t t e d w i t h N o . 54 d r i l l -
s i ze o r i fi c e s h a l l h a v e s h u t o ff v a l v e s l o -
ca t ed a s close t o t h e con t a in er a s pr a c-
t ica ble.
(i i i ) E x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s w h e r e r e -
qu ir ed by t h ese st a n da r ds sh a ll close
a u t o m a t i c a l l y a t t h e r a t e d fl o w s o f
v a p o r o r l i q u i d a s s p e c i fi e d b y t h e m a n -
u fa c t u r e r . T h e c o n n e c t i o n s a n d l i n e i n -
c l u d i n g v a l v e s a n d fi t t i n g s b e i n g p r o -
t e c t e d b y a n e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s h a l l
h a ve a gr ea t er ca pa cit y t h a n t h e r a t ed
fl o w o f t h e e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s o t h a t
t h e v a l v e w i l l c l o s e i n c a s e o f fa i l u r e o f
t h e l i n e o r fi t t i n g s .
(i v ) L i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e s t h a t
r equ ir e bleedin g of t h e pr odu ct t o t h e
a t m osph er e a n d wh ich a r e so con -
s t r u c t e d t h a t o u t w a r d fl o w w i l l n o t e x -
c e e d t h a t p a s s e d b y a N o . 54 d r i l l -s i ze
open in g n eed n ot be equ ipped wit h ex-
c e s s fl o w v a l v e s .
(v ) Op e n i n g s fr o m t h e c o n t a i n e r o r
t h r o u g h fi t t i n g s a t t a c h e d d i r e c t l y o n
t h e con t a in er t o wh ich pr essu r e ga ge
con n ect ion s a r e m a de n eed n ot be
e q u i p p e d w i t h e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s i f
su ch open in gs a r e n ot la r ger t h a n No.
54 d r i l l s i ze .
(v i ) E x c e s s fl o w a n d b a c k p r e s s u r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ch eck va lves wh er e r equ ir ed by t h e
336
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
st a n da r ds in t h is sect ion sh a ll be lo-
ca t ed in side of t h e con t a in er or a t a
poin t ou t side a s close a s pr a ct ica ble t o
wh er e t h e lin e en t er s t h e con t a in er . In
t h e la t t er ca se in st a lla t ion sh a ll be
m a de in su ch m a n n er t h a t a n y u n du e
s t r a i n b e y o n d t h e e x c e s s fl o w o r b a c k
pr essu r e ch eck va lve will n ot ca u se
br ea k a ge bet ween t h e con t a in er a n d
t h e va lve.
(v i i ) E x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed wit h a by pa ss, n ot t o exceed a
N o . 60 d r i l l -s i ze o p e n i n g t o a l l o w
e q u a l i za t i o n o f p r e s s u r e s .
(v i i i ) A l l e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s s h a l l b e
pla in ly a n d per m a n en t ly m a r k ed wit h
t h e n a m e o r t r a d e m a r k o f t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r er , t h e ca t a log n u m ber , a n d t h e
r a t ed ca pa cit y .
(7) P ip in g, t u bin g, a n d f it t in gs. (i ) A l l
p i p i n g , t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e
m a d e o f m a t e r i a l s u i t a b l e fo r a n h y -
dr ou s a m m on ia ser vice.
(i i ) A l l p i p i n g , t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a p r e s s u r e n o t l e s s
t h a n t h e m a xim u m pr essu r e t o wh ich
t h ey m a y be su bject ed in ser vice.
(i i i ) A l l r e fr i g e r a t e d p i p i n g s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o t h e R e fr i g e r a t i o n P i p i n g Co d e ,
Am er ica n Na t ion a l S t a n da r ds In st i-
t u t e , B 31.5–1966 w i t h a d d e n d a B 31.1a –
1968, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, a s i t a p p l i e s t o
a m m on ia .
(i v ) P i p i n g u s e d o n n o n -r e fr i g e r a t e d
sy st em s sh a ll be a t lea st Am er ica n S o-
ciet y fo r T est in g and Ma t er ia ls
(A S T M ) A –53–69 G r a d e B E l e c t r i c R e -
s i s t a n c e We l d e d a n d E l e c t r i c F l a s h
We l d e d P i p e , w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, o r
equ a l. S u ch pipe sh a ll be a t lea st
s c h e d u l e 40 w h e n j o i n t s a r e w e l d e d , o r
w e l d e d a n d fl a n g e d . S u c h p i p e s h a l l b e
a t l e a s t s c h e d u l e 80 w h e n j o i n t s a r e
t h r ea ded. T h r ea ded con n ect ion s sh a ll
n o t b e b a c k -w e l d e d . B r a s s , c o p p e r , o r
g a l v a n i ze d s t e e l p i p e s h a l l n o t b e u s e d .
(v ) T u b i n g m a d e o f b r a s s , c o p p e r , o r
ot h er m a t er ia l su bject t o a t t a ck by
a m m on ia sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(v i ) Ca s t i r o n fi t t i n g s s h a l l n o t b e
u sed bu t t h is sh a ll n ot pr oh ibit t h e u se
o f fi t t i n g s m a d e s p e c i fi c a l l y fo r a m m o -
n ia ser vice of m a llea ble, n odu la r , or
h igh st r en gt h gr a y ir on m eet in g Am er -
i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e r i a l s
(A S T M ) A 47–68, A S T M 395–68, o r A S T M
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.111

A 126–66 Cl a s s B o r C a l l o f w h i c h a r e i n - TABLE H–36—Continued

c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n [Minimum required rate of discharge in cubic feet per minute
§ 1910.6. of air at 120 percent of the maximum permitted start to dis-
charge pressure of safety relief valves]
(v i i ) J o i n t c o m p o u n d s s h a l l b e r e s i s t -
a n t t o a m m on ia . Surface area (sq. ft.) Flow rate
CFM air
(8) H ose sp ecif ica t ion s. (i ) H o s e u s e d i n
a m m o n i a s e r v i c e s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e 30 ......................................................................... 360
join t Agr icu lt u r a l Am m on ia In st i- 35 ......................................................................... 408
t u t e —R u b b e r M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s s o c i a - 40 ......................................................................... 455
45 ......................................................................... 501
t i o n S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r A n h y d r o u s A m - 50 ......................................................................... 547
m on ia Hose. 55 ......................................................................... 591
(i i ) H o s e s u b j e c t t o c o n t a i n e r p r e s - 60 ......................................................................... 635
65 ......................................................................... 678
s u r e s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a m i n i m u m 70 ......................................................................... 720
w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e o f 350 p .s .i .g . a n d a 75 ......................................................................... 762
m i n i m u m b u r s t p r e s s u r e o f 1,750 p .s .i .g . 80 ......................................................................... 804
Hose a ssem blies, wh en m a de u p, sh a ll 85 ......................................................................... 845
90 ......................................................................... 885
be ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g a t est pr es- 95 ......................................................................... 925
s u r e o f 500 p .s .i .g . 100 ....................................................................... 965
(i i i ) H o s e a n d h o s e c o n n e c t i o n s l o - 105 ....................................................................... 1,010
110 ....................................................................... 1,050
c a t e d o n t h e l o w -p r e s s u r e s i d e o f fl o w 115 ....................................................................... 1,090
c o n t r o l o f p r e s s u r e -r e d u c i n g v a l v e s 120 ....................................................................... 1,120
s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a b u r s t i n g p r e s - 125 ....................................................................... 1,160
su r e of n ot less t h a n 5 t im es t h e pr es- 130 ....................................................................... 1,200
135 ....................................................................... 1,240
s u r e s e t t i n g o f t h e s a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s 140 ....................................................................... 1,280
pr ot ect in g t h a t por t ion of t h e sy st em 145 ....................................................................... 1,310
b u t n o t l e s s t h a n 125 p .s .i .g . A l l c o n n e c - 150 ....................................................................... 1,350
155 ....................................................................... 1,390
t ion s sh a ll be so design ed a n d con - 160 ....................................................................... 1,420
st r u ct ed t h a t t h er e will be n o lea k a ge 165 ....................................................................... 1,460
wh en con n ect ed. 170 ....................................................................... 1,500
(i v ) Wh e r e h o s e i s t o b e u s e d fo r 175 ....................................................................... 1,530
180 ....................................................................... 1,570
t r a n s fe r r i n g l i q u i d fr o m o n e c o n t a i n e r 185 ....................................................................... 1,600
to a n o t h e r , ‘‘w e t ’’ h o s e is r ec- 190 ....................................................................... 1,640
om m en ded. S u ch h ose sh a ll be 195 ....................................................................... 1,670
e q u i p p e d w i t h a p p r o v e d s h u t o ff v a l v e s 200 ....................................................................... 1,710
210 ....................................................................... 1,780
a t t h e disch a r ge en d. P r ovision sh a ll be 220 ....................................................................... 1,850
m a de t o pr even t excessive pr essu r e in 230 ....................................................................... 1,920
t h e h ose. 240 ....................................................................... 1,980
250 ....................................................................... 2,050
(v ) On a l l h o s e o n e -h a l f i n c h o u t s i d e 260 ....................................................................... 2,120
d i a m e t e r a n d l a r g e r , u s e d fo r t h e t r a n s - 270 ....................................................................... 2,180
fe r o f a n h y d r o u s a m m o n i a l i q u i d o r 280 ....................................................................... 2,250
va por , t h er e sh a ll be et ch ed, ca st , or 290 ....................................................................... 2,320
300 ....................................................................... 2,380
i m p r e s s e d a t 5-fo o t i n t e r v a l s t h e fo l - 310 ....................................................................... 2,450
l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n . 320 ....................................................................... 2,510
330 ....................................................................... 2,570
‘‘A n h y d r o u s A m m o n i a ’’ x x x p .s .i .g . (m a x - 340 ....................................................................... 2,640
i m u m w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e ), m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s 350 ....................................................................... 2,700
n a m e o r t r a d e m a r k , y e a r o f m a n u fa c t u r e . 360 ....................................................................... 2,760
370 ....................................................................... 2,830
In lieu of t h is r equ ir em en t t h e sa m e in - 380 ....................................................................... 2,890
390 ....................................................................... 2,950
fo r m a t i o n m a y b e c o n t a i n e d o n a 400 ....................................................................... 3,010
n a m epla t e per m a n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o 450 ....................................................................... 3,320
t h e h ose. 500 ....................................................................... 3,620
550 ....................................................................... 3,910
TABLE H–36 600 ....................................................................... 4,200
650 ....................................................................... 4,480
[Minimum required rate of discharge in cubic feet per minute 700 ....................................................................... 4,760
of air at 120 percent of the maximum permitted start to dis-
charge pressure of safety relief valves] 750 ....................................................................... 5,040
800 ....................................................................... 5,300
Flow rate 850 ....................................................................... 5,590
Surface area (sq. ft.) 900 ....................................................................... 5,850
CFM air
950 ....................................................................... 6,120
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

20 ......................................................................... 258 1,000 .................................................................... 6,380

25 ......................................................................... 310 1,050 .................................................................... 6,640

337

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 § 1910.111 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

TABLE H–36—Continued g r a p h s (c ), (f), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c -

[Minimum required rate of discharge in cubic feet per minute t ion sh a ll be pr ovided wit h on e or m or e
of air at 120 percent of the maximum permitted start to dis- s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s o f t h e s p r i n g -l o a d e d
charge pressure of safety relief valves]
o r e q u i v a l e n t t y p e . T h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m
Surface area (sq. ft.) Flow rate s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e v e n t e d
CFM air
a w a y fr o m t h e c o n t a i n e r u p w a r d a n d
1,100 .................................................................... 6,900 u n obst r u ct ed t o t h e a t m osph er e. All
1,150 .................................................................... 7,160 r e l i e f-v a l v e d i s c h a r g e o p e n i n g s s h a l l
1,200 .................................................................... 7,410
1,250 .................................................................... 7,660 h a ve su it a ble r a in ca ps t h a t will a llow
1,300 .................................................................... 7,910 fr e e d i s c h a r g e o f t h e v a p o r a n d p r e v e n t
1,350 .................................................................... 8,160 en t r a n ce of wa t er . P r ovision sh a ll be
1,400 .................................................................... 8,410
1,450 .................................................................... 8,650 m a d e fo r d r a i n i n g c o n d e n s a t e w h i c h
1,500 .................................................................... 8,900 m a y a ccu m u la t e. T h e r a t e of t h e dis-
1,550 .................................................................... 9,140 ch a r ge sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e
1,600 .................................................................... 9,380
1,650 .................................................................... 9,620
p r o v i s i o n s o f T a b l e H –36.
1,700 .................................................................... 9,860 (i i ) Co n t a i n e r s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s
1,750 .................................................................... 10,090 s h a l l b e s e t t o s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e a s fo l -
1,800 .................................................................... 10,330
1,850 .................................................................... 10,560 lows, wit h r ela t ion t o t h e design pr es-
1,900 .................................................................... 10,800 su r e of t h e con t a in er :
1,950 .................................................................... 11,030
2,000 .................................................................... 11,260 Minimum Maximum
2,050 .................................................................... 11,490 Containers (percent) (percent)
2,100 .................................................................... 11,720
2,150 .................................................................... 11,950 ASME-U–68, U–69 ........................ 110 125
2,200 .................................................................... 12,180 ASME-U–200, U–201 .................... 95 100
2,250 .................................................................... 12,400 ASME 1959, 1956, 1952, or 1962 95 100
2,300 .................................................................... 12,630
API-ASME ..................................... 95 100
2,350 .................................................................... 12,850
2,400 .................................................................... 13,080 U.S. Coast Guard .......................... 95 100
2,450 .................................................................... 13,300
2,500 .................................................................... 13,520
A s r e q u i r e d b y D OT R e g u l a t i o n s .
(i i i ) S a fe t y r e l i e f d e v i c e s u s e d i n s y s -
S u r fa c e A r e a = t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a o f t e m s c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h s (c ), (f), (g ),
c o n t a i n e r i n s q u a r e fe e t . Wh e n t h e s u r fa c e a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e c o n -
a r ea is n ot st a m ped on t h e n a m epla t e or
wh en t h e m a r k in g is n ot legible t h e a r ea ca n
st r u ct ed t o disch a r ge a t n ot less t h a n
b e c a l c u l a t e d b y u s i n g o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g t h e r a t e s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(9)(i )
fo r m u l a s : o f t h i s s e c t i o n b e fo r e t h e p r e s s u r e i s i n
(1) Cy l i n d r i c a l c o n t a i n e r w i t h h e m i - e x c e s s o f 120 p e r c e n t (n o t i n c l u d i n g t h e
sph er ica l h ea ds: 10 p e r c e n t t o l e r a n c e r e fe r r e d t o i n
A r e a = o v e r a l l l e n g t h i n fe e t t i m e s o u t s i d e d i - p a r a g r a p h (b )(9)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ) o f
a m e t e r i n fe e t t i m e s 3.1416. t h e m a x i m u m p e r m i t t e d s t a r t -t o -d i s -
(2) Cy l i n d r i c a l c o n t a i n e r w i t h o t h e r t h a n ch a r ge pr essu r e set t in g of t h e device.
h em isph er ica l h ea ds: (i v ) S a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e s o
A r e a = (o v e r a l l l e n g t h i n fe e t p l u s 0.3 o u t s i d e a r r a n ged t h a t t h e possibilit y of t a m -
d i a m e t e r i n fe e t ) t i m e s o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r i n p e r i n g w i l l b e m i n i m i ze d . I f t h e p r e s -
fe e t t i m e s 3.1416. su r e set t in g a dju st m en t is ext er n a l,
(3) S p h e r i c a l c o n t a i n e r : t h e r elief va lves sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
A r e a = o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r i n fe e t s q u a r e d t i m e s m e a n s fo r s e a l i n g t h e a d j u s t m e n t .
3.1416. (v ) S h u t o ff v a l v e s s h a l l n o t b e i n -
F l o w R a t e —CF M A i r = c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e s t a l l e d b e t w e e n t h e s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s
o f a i r r e q u i r e d a t s t a n d a r d c o n d i t i o n s , 60 °F . a n d t h e con t a in er ; except , t h a t a sh u t -
a n d a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e (14.7 p .s .i .a .). o ff v a l v e m a y b e u s e d w h e r e t h e a r -
T h e r a t e of disch a r ge m a y be in t er pola t ed
fo r i n t e r m e d i a t e v a l u e s o f s u r fa c e a r e a . F o r r a n gem en t of t h is va lve is su ch a s a l-
c o n t a i n e r s w i t h t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a w a y s t o a ffo r d fu l l r e q u i r e d c a p a c i t y
g r e a t e r t h a n 2,500 s q u a r e fe e t , t h e r e q u i r e d fl o w t h r o u g h t h e r e l i e f v a l v e s .
fl o w r a t e c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e fo r - (v i ) S a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l h a v e d i -
m u l a : F l o w R a t e CF M A i r = 22.11 A 0 82, w h e r e r ect com m u n ica t ion wit h t h e va por
A = o u t s i d e s u r fa c e a r e a o f t h e c o n t a i n e r i n spa ce of t h e con t a in er .
s q u a r e fe e t .
(v i i ) E a c h c o n t a i n e r s a fe t y -r e l i e f
(9) S a f et y relief d ev ices. (i ) E v e r y c o n - va lve u sed wit h sy st em s cover ed by
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

t a in er u sed in sy st em s cover ed by pa r a - p a r a g r a p h s (c ), (f), (g ), a n d (h ) o f t h i s

338

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
sect ion sh a ll be pla in ly a n d per m a -
n e n t l y m a r k e d w i t h t h e s y m b o l ‘‘N H 3’’
o r ‘‘A A ’’; w i t h t h e p r e s s u r e i n p o u n d s -
p e r -s q u a r e -i n c h g a g e a t w h i c h t h e
v a l v e i s s e t t o s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e ; w i t h
t h e a ct u a l r a t e of disch a r ge of t h e
v a l v e a t i t s fu l l o p e n p o s i t i o n i n c u b i c
fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f a i r a t 60 °F . a n d a t -
m osph er ic pr essu r e; a n d wit h t h e m a n -
u fa c t u r e r ’s n a m e a n d c a t a l o g n u m b e r .
E x a m p l e : ‘‘N H 3 250–4050 A i r ’’ i n d i c a t e s
t h a t t h e v a l v e i s s u i t a b l e fo r u s e o n a n
a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia con t a in er , is set
t o s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e a t a p r e s s u r e o f
250 p .s .i .g ., a n d t h a t i t s r a t e o f d i s -
c h a r g e a t fu l l o p e n p o s i t i o n (s u b d i v i -
s i o n s (i i ) a n d (i i i ) o f t h i s s u b p a r a g r a p h )
i s 4,050 c u b i c fe e t p e r m i n u t e o f a i r .
(v i i i ) T h e fl o w c a p a c i t y o f t h e r e l i e f
va lve sh a ll n ot be r est r ict ed by a n y
con n ect ion t o it on eit h er t h e u pst r ea m
or down st r ea m side.
(i x ) A h y d r o s t a t i c r e l i e f v a l v e s h a l l
be in st a lled bet ween ea ch pa ir of va lves
in t h e liqu id a m m on ia pipin g or h ose
wh er e liqu id m a y be t r a pped so a s t o
r e l i e v e i n t o t h e a t m o s p h e r e a t a s a fe
loca t ion .
(10) Gen era l.
(i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) S t a t i o n a r y s t o r a g e i n s t a l l a t i o n s
m u st h a ve a t lea st t wo su it a ble ga s
m a s k s i n r e a d i l y -a c c e s s i b l e l o c a t i o n s .
F u l l -fa c e m a s k s w i t h a m m o n i a c a n -
ist er s t h a t h a ve been a ppr oved by
N I OS H u n d e r 42 CF R p a r t 84 a r e s u i t -
a b l e fo r e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n i n v o l v i n g
m ost a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia lea k s, pa r -
t icu la r ly lea k s t h a t occu r ou t door s.
F or r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion in con -
cen t r a t ed a m m on ia a t m osph er es, a
s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s i s
r equ ir ed.
(i i i ) S t a t i o n a r y s t o r a g e i n s t a l l a t i o n s
sh a ll h a ve a n ea sily a ccessible sh ower
o r a 50-g a l l o n d r u m o f w a t e r .
(i v ) E a c h v e h i c l e t r a n s p o r t i n g a m m o -
n i a i n b u l k e x c e p t fa r m a p p l i c a t o r v e -
h icles sh a ll ca r r y a con t a in er of a t
lea st 5 ga llon s of wa t er a n d sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h a fu l l fa c e m a s k .
(11) Ch a rgin g of con t a in ers. (i ) T h e fi l l -
i n g d e n s i t i e s fo r c o n t a i n e r s t h a t a r e
n o t r e fr i g e r a t e d s h a l l n o t e x c e e d t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
Percent by Percent by
Type of container weight volume
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
Aboveground-Uninsulated ............. 56 82
Aboveground-Uninsulated ............. .................. 87.5
339
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00349 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.111
Type of container Percent by Percent by
weight volume
Aboveground-Insulated ................. 57 83.5
Underground-Uninsulated ............. 58 85
DOT—In accord with DOT regula-
tions..
(i i ) A b o v e g r o u n d u n i n s u l a t e d c o n -
t a i n e r s m a y b e c h a r g e d 87.5 p e r c e n t b y
volu m e pr ovided t h e t em per a t u r e of
t h e a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia bein g ch a r ged
i s d e t e r m i n e d t o b e n o t l o w e r t h a n 30
°F . o r p r o v i d e d t h e c h a r g i n g o f t h e c o n -
t a i n e r i s s t o p p e d a t t h e fi r s t i n d i c a t i o n
o f fr o s t o r i c e fo r m a t i o n o n i t s o u t s i d e
s u r fa c e a n d i s n o t r e s u m e d u n t i l s u c h
fr o s t o r i c e h a s d i s a p p e a r e d .
(12) T ra n sf er of liqu id s. (i ) A n h y d r o u s
a m m on ia sh a ll a lwa y s be a t a t em per a -
t u r e s u i t a b l e fo r t h e m a t e r i a l o f c o n -
st r u ct ion a n d t h e design of t h e r eceiv-
in g con t a in er .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e q u i r e t h e
con t in u ou s pr esen ce of a n a t t en da n t in
t h e vicin it y of t h e oper a t ion du r in g
su ch t im e a s a m m on ia is bein g t r a n s-
fe r r e d .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e c h a r g e d o r
u s e d o n l y u p o n a u t h o r i za t i o n o f t h e
own er .
(i v ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e g a g e d a n d
ch a r ged on ly in t h e open a t m osph er e or
in bu ildin gs or a r ea s t h er eof pr ovided
fo r t h a t p u r p o s e .
(v ) P u m p s u s e d fo r t r a n s fe r r i n g a m -
m o n i a s h a l l b e t h o s e m a n u fa c t u r e d fo r
t h a t pu r pose.
(a ) P u m p s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r a t
l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g . w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e .
(b) P o s i t i v e d i s p l a c e m e n t pu m ps
s h a l l h a v e , i n s t a l l e d o ff t h e d i s c h a r g e d
p o r t , a c o n s t a n t d i ffe r e n t i a l r e l i e f
va lve disch a r gin g in t o t h e su ct ion por t
o f t h e p u m p t h r o u g h a l i n e o f s u ffi c i e n t
s i ze t o c a r r y t h e fu l l c a p a c i t y o f t h e
pu m p a t r elief va lve set t in g, wh ich set -
t in g a n d in st a lla t ion sh a ll be a ccor din g
t o t h e p u m p m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r e c -
om m en da t ion s.
(c) On t h e d i s c h a r g e s i d e o f t h e p u m p ,
b e fo r e t h e r e l i e f v a l v e l i n e , t h e r e s h a l l
be in st a lled a pr essu r e ga ge gr a du a t ed
fr o m 0 t o 400 p .s .i .
(d ) P l a n t p i p i n g s h a l l c o n t a i n s h u t o ff
va lves loca t ed a s close a s pr a ct ica l t o
pu m p con n ect ion s.
(v i ) Co m p r e s s o r s u s e d fo r t r a n s fe r -
r i n g o r r e fr i g e r a t i n g a m m o n i a s h a l l b e
r e c o m m e n d e d fo r a m m o n i a s e r v i c e b y
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.111
(a ) Co m p r e s s o r s s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d fo r
a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g . w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e .
(b) P l a n t p i p i n g s h a l l c o n t a i n s h u t o ff
va lves loca t ed a s close a s pr a ct ica l t o
com pr essor con n ect ion s.
(c) A r e l i e f v a l v e l a r g e e n o u g h t o d i s -
c h a r g e t h e fu l l c a p a c i t y o f t h e c o m -
pr essor sh a ll be con n ect ed t o t h e dis-
c h a r g e b e fo r e a n y s h u t o ff v a l v e .
(d ) Co m p r e s s o r s s h a l l h a v e p r e s s u r e
ga ges a t su ct ion a n d disch a r ge gr a d-
u a t e d t o a t l e a s t o n e a n d o n e -h a l f
t im es t h e m a xim u m pr essu r e t h a t ca n
be developed.
(e) A d e q u a t e m e a n s , s u c h a s d r a i n -
a ble liqu id t r a p, sh a ll be pr ovided on
t h e c o m p r e s s o r s u c t i o n t o m i n i m i ze
t h e en t r y of liqu id in t o t h e com pr essor .
(v i i ) L o a d i n g a n d u n l o a d i n g s y s t e m s
sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by su it a ble devices
t o pr even t em pt y in g of t h e st or a ge
con t a in er or t h e con t a in er bein g loa ded
or u n loa ded in t h e even t of sever a n ce
o f t h e h o s e . B a c k fl o w c h e c k v a l v e s o r
p r o p e r l y s i ze d e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e s s h a l l
be in st a lled wh er e n ecessa r y t o pr ovide
su ch pr ot ect ion . In t h e even t t h a t su ch
va lves a r e n ot pr a ct ica l, r em ot ely op-
e r a t e d s h u t o ff v a l v e s m a y b e i n s t a l l e d .
(13) T a n k ca r u n loa d in g p oin t s a n d op -
era t ion s. (i ) P r o v i s i o n s fo r u n l o a d i n g
t a n k c a r s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e a p p l i c a -
ble r ecom m en da t ion s con t a in ed in t h e
D OT r e g u l a t i o n s .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i n s u r e t h a t
u n l o a d i n g o p e r a t i o n s a r e p e r fo r m e d b y
r elia ble per son s pr oper ly in st r u ct ed
a n d given t h e a u t h or it y t o m on it or
c a r e fu l c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l a p p l i c a b l e
pr ocedu r es.
(i i i ) Ca u t i o n s i g n s s h a l l b e s o p l a c e d
on t h e t r a ck or ca r a s t o give n ecessa r y
wa r n in g t o per son s a ppr oa ch in g t h e ca r
fr o m o p e n e n d o r e n d s o f s i d i n g a n d
s h a l l b e l e ft u p u n t i l a ft e r t h e c a r i s
u n l o a d e d a n d d i s c o n n e c t e d fr o m d i s -
ch a r ge con n ect ion s. S ign s sh a ll be of
m et a l or ot h er su it a ble m a t er ia l, a t
l e a s t 12 b y 15 i n c h e s i n s i ze a n d b e a r
t h e w o r d s ‘‘S T OP —T a n k Ca r Co n -
n e c t e d ’’ o r ‘‘S T OP —M e n a t Wo r k ’’ t h e
w o r d , ‘‘S T OP ,’’ b e i n g i n l e t t e r s a t l e a s t
4 in ch es h igh a n d t h e ot h er wor ds in
let t er s a t lea st 2 in ch es h igh .
(i v ) T h e t r a c k o f a t a n k c a r s i d i n g
sh a ll be su bst a n t ia lly level.
(v ) B r a k e s s h a l l b e s e t a n d w h e e l s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
block ed on a ll ca r s bein g u n loa ded.
340
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00350 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(14) L iqu id -lev el ga gin g d ev ice. (i ) E a c h
c o n t a i n e r e x c e p t t h o s e fi l l e d b y w e i g h t
sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a n a ppr oved liq-
u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e . A t h e r m o m e t e r
well sh a ll be pr ovided in a ll con t a in er s
n o t u t i l i zi n g a fi x e d l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g
device.
(i i ) A l l g a g i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l b e a r -
r a n ged so t h a t t h e m a xim u m liqu id
l e v e l t o w h i c h t h e c o n t a i n e r i s fi l l e d i s
r ea dily det er m in ed.
(i i i ) G a g i n g d e v i c e s t h a t r e q u i r e
bleedin g of t h e pr odu ct t o t h e a t m os-
p h e r e s u c h a s t h e r o t a r y t u b e , fi x e d
t u be, a n d slip t u be devices sh a ll be de-
sign ed so t h a t t h e m a xim u m open in g of
t h e bleed va lve is n ot la r ger t h a n No.
54 d r i l l s i ze u n l e s s p r o v i d e d w i t h a n e x -
c e s s fl o w v a l v e . (T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t d o e s
n o t a p p l y t o fa r m v e h i c l e s u s e d fo r t h e
a pplica t ion of a m m on ia a s cover ed in
p a r a g r a p h (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .)
(i v ) G a g i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l h a v e a d e -
sign pr essu r e equ a l t o or gr ea t er t h a n
t h e design pr essu r e of t h e con t a in er on
wh ich t h ey a r e in st a lled.
(v ) F i x e d t u b e l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e s s h a l l
be design ed a n d in st a lled t o in dica t e
t h a t level a t wh ich t h e con t a in er is
fi l l e d t o 85 p e r c e n t o f i t s w a t e r c a p a c -
it y in ga llon s.
(v i ) G a g e g l a s s e s o f t h e c o l u m n a r
t y pe sh a ll be r est r ict ed t o st a t ion a r y
st or a ge in st a lla t ion s. T h ey sh a ll be
e q u i p p e d w i t h s h u t o ff v a l v e s h a v i n g
m e t a l l i c h a n d w h e e l s , w i t h e x c e s s -fl o w
va lves, a n d wit h ext r a h ea vy gla ss a de-
qu a t ely pr ot ect ed wit h a m et a l h ou sin g
a p p l i e d b y t h e g a g e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
T h ey sh a ll be sh ielded a ga in st t h e di-
r ect r a y s of t h e su n .
(15) [R e s e r v e d ]
(16) E lect rica l equ ip m en t a n d w irin g. (i )
E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d w i r i n g fo r
u se in a m m on ia in st a lla t ion s sh a ll be
gen er a l pu r pose or wea t h er r esist a n t a s
a ppr opr ia t e.
(i i ) E l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m s s h a l l b e i n -
st a lled a n d m a in t a in ed in a ccor da n ce
wit h su bpa r t S of t h is pa r t .
(c ) S y st em s u t iliz in g st a t ion a ry , n on -
ref rigera t ed st ora ge con t a in ers. T h i s
pa r a gr a ph a pplies t o st a t ion a r y , n on -
r e fr i g e r a t e d s t o r a g e i n s t a l l a t i o n s u t i -
l i zi n g c o n t a i n e r s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e c o v -
e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
P a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o
t h is pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er wise n ot ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(1) D esign p ressu re a n d con st ru ct ion of
con t a in ers. T h e m i n i m u m d e s i g n p r e s -
s u r e fo r n o n r e fr i g e r a t e d c o n t a i n e r s
s h a l l b e 250 p .s .i .g .
(2) Con t a in er v a lv es a n d a ccessories,
f illin g a n d d isch a rge con n ect ion s. (i )
E a c h fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h c o m b i n a t i o n b a c k -p r e s s u r e
c h e c k v a l v e a n d e x c e s s -fl o w v a l v e ; o n e
d o u b l e o r t w o s i n g l e b a c k -p r e s s u r e
c h e c k v a l v e s ; o r a p o s i t i v e s h u t o ff
va lve in con ju n ct ion wit h eit h er a n in -
t e r n a l b a c k -p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e o r a n
i n t e r n a l e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e .
(i i ) A l l l i q u i d a n d v a p o r c o n n e c t i o n s
t o c o n t a i n e r s e x c e p t fi l l i n g p i p e s , s a fe -
t y r e l i e f c o n n e c t i o n s , a n d l i q u i d -l e v e l
ga gin g a n d pr essu r e ga ge con n ect ion s
p r o v i d e d w i t h o r i fi c e s n o t l a r g e r t h a n
N o . 54 d r i l l s i ze a s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h s (b )(6) (i v ) a n d (v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h e x c e s s -fl o w
va lves.
(i i i ) E a c h s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h a pr essu r e ga ge gr a d-
u a t e d fr o m 0 t o 400 p .s .i . G a g e s s h a l l b e
d e s i g n a t e d fo r u s e i n a m m o n i a s e r v i c e .
(i v ) A l l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
wit h va por r et u r n va lves.
(3) S a f et y -relief d ev ices. (i ) E v e r y c o n -
t a in er sh a ll be pr ovided wit h on e or
m o r e s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s o f t h e s p r i n g -
loa ded or equ iva len t t y pe in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (b )(9) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i i ) T h e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e o f s p r i n g -
l o a d e d s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s i n s t a l l e d o n
u n der gr ou n d con t a in er s m a y be r e-
d u c e d t o a m i n i m u m o f 30 p e r c e n t o f
t h e r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e
H –36. Co n t a i n e r s s o p r o t e c t e d s h a l l n o t
b e u n c o v e r e d a ft e r i n s t a l l a t i o n u n t i l
t h e liqu id a m m on ia h a s been r em oved.
Co n t a i n e r s w h i c h m a y c o n t a i n l i q u i d
a m m o n i a b e fo r e b e i n g i n s t a l l e d u n d e r -
g r o u n d a n d b e fo r e b e i n g c o m p l e t e l y
cover ed wit h ea r t h a r e t o be con sider ed
a bovegr ou n d con t a in er s wh en det er -
m in in g t h e r a t e of disch a r ge r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f t h e s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s .
(i i i ) On u n d e r g r o u n d i n s t a l l a t i o n s
wh er e t h er e is a pr oba bilit y of t h e
m a n h o l e o r h o u s i n g b e c o m i n g fl o o d e d ,
t h e d i s c h a r g e fr o m v e n t l i n e s s h a l l b e
loca t ed a bove t h e h igh wa t er level. All
m a n h oles or h ou sin gs sh a ll be pr ovided
wit h ven t ila t ed lou ver s or t h eir equ iva -
len t , t h e a r ea of su ch open in gs equ a l-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
lin g or exceedin g com bin ed disch a r ge
341
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00351 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.111
a r e a s o f s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s a n d v e n t
lin es wh ich disch a r ge t h eir con t en t
in t o t h e m a n h ole h ou sin g.
(i v ) V e n t p i p e s , w h e n u s e d , s h a l l n o t
be r est r ict ed or of sm a ller dia m et er
t h a n t h e r e l i e f-v a l v e o u t l e t c o n n e c t i o n .
(v ) I f d e s i r e d , v e n t p i p e s fr o m t w o o r
m o r e s a fe t y -r e l i e f d e v i c e s l o c a t e d o n
t h e s a m e u n i t , o r s i m i l a r l i n e s fr o m
t w o o r m o r e d i ffe r e n t u n i t s m a y b e r u n
in t o a com m on disch a r ge h ea der , pr o-
vided t h e ca pa cit y of su ch h ea der is a t
lea st equ a l t o t h e su m of t h e ca pa cit ies
of t h e in dividu a l disch a r ge lin es.
(4) R ein st a lla t ion of con t a in ers. (i ) Co n -
t a in er s on ce in st a lled u n der gr ou n d
sh a ll n ot la t er be r ein st a lled a bove
gr ou n d or u n der gr ou n d, u n less t h ey
s u c c e s s fu l l y wit h st a n d h y dr ost a t ic
pr essu r e r et est s a t t h e pr essu r e speci-
fi e d fo r t h e o r i g i n a l h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t a s
r equ ir ed by t h e code u n der wh ich con -
st r u ct ed a n d sh ow n o eviden ce of ser i-
ou s cor r osion .
(i i ) Wh e r e c o n t a i n e r s a r e r e i n s t a l l e d
a b o v e g r o u n d , s a fe t y d e v i c e s o r g a g i n g
devices sh a ll com ply wit h pa r a gr a ph
(b )(9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d t h i s p a r a g r a p h
r espect ively fo r a bovegr ou n d con -
t a in er s.
(5) I n st a lla t ion of st ora ge con t a in ers. (i )
Co n t a i n e r s i n s t a l l e d a b o v e g r o u n d , e x -
c e p t a s p r o v i d e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(v )
of t h is sect ion sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
su bst a n t ia l con cr et e or m a son r y su p-
por t s, or st r u ct u r a l st eel su ppor t s on
fi r m c o n c r e t e o r m a s o n r y fo u n d a t i o n s .
A l l fo u n d a t i o n s s h a l l e x t e n d b e l o w t h e
fr o s t l i n e .
(i i ) H o r i zo n t a l a b o v e g r o u n d c o n -
t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s o m o u n t e d o n fo u n d a -
t ion s a s t o per m it expa n sion a n d con -
t r a ct ion . E ver y con t a in er sh a ll be su p-
por t ed t o pr even t t h e con cen t r a t ion of
excessive loa ds on t h e su ppor t in g por -
t ion of t h e sh ell. T h a t por t ion of t h e
c o n t a i n e r i n c o n t a c t w i t h fo u n d a t i o n s
or sa ddles sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st
cor r osion .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s in st a lled u n der
gr ou n d sh a ll be so pla ced t h a t t h e t op
o f t h e c o n t a i n e r i s b e l o w t h e fr o s t l i n e
a n d i n n o c a s e l e s s t h a n 2 fe e t b e l o w
t h e s u r fa c e o f t h e g r o u n d . S h o u l d
gr ou n d con dit ion s m a k e com plia n ce
wit h t h ese r equ ir em en t s im pr a ct ica ble,
in st a lla t ion sh a ll be m a de ot h er wise t o
pr even t ph y sica l da m a ge. It will n ot be
n ecessa r y t o cover t h e por t ion of t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.111
con t a in er t o wh ich m a n h ole a n d ot h er
c o n n e c t i o n s a r e a ffi x e d . Wh e n n e c -
e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t fl o a t i n g , c o n t a i n e r s
sh a ll be secu r ely a n ch or ed or weigh t ed.
(i v ) U n d e r g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
s e t o n a fi r m fo u n d a t i o n (fi r m e a r t h
m a y be u sed) a n d su r r ou n ded wit h
ea r t h or sa n d well t a m ped in pla ce. T h e
con t a in er , pr ior t o bein g pla ced u n der
gr ou n d, sh a ll be given a cor r osion r e-
sist in g pr ot ect ive coa t in g. T h e con -
t a in er t h u s coa t ed sh a ll be so lower ed
in t o pla ce a s t o pr even t a br a sion or
ot h er da m a ge t o t h e coa t in g.
(v ) Co n t a i n e r s w i t h fo u n d a t i o n s a t -
t a c h e d (p o r t a b l e o r s e m i p o r t a b l e t a n k
c o n t a i n e r s w i t h s u i t a b l e s t e e l ‘‘r u n -
n e r s ’’ o r ‘‘s k i d s ’’ a n d c o m m o n l y k n o w n
i n t h e i n d u s t r y a s ‘‘s k i d t a n k s ’’) s h a l l
be design ed a n d con st r u ct ed in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(1) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(v i ) S e c u r e a n c h o r a g e o r a d e q u a t e
pier h eigh t sh a ll be pr ovided a ga in st
c o n t a i n e r fl o t a t i o n w h e r e v e r s u ffi -
c i e n t l y h i g h fl o o d w a t e r m i g h t o c c u r .
(v i i ) T h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n u n d e r -
g r o u n d c o n t a i n e r s o f o v e r 2,000 g a l l o n s
c a p a c i t y s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 5 fe e t .
(6) P rot ect ion of a p p u rt en a n ces. (i )
Va lves, r egu la t in g, ga gin g, a n d ot h er
a ppu r t en a n ces sh a ll be pr ot ect ed
a ga in st t a m per in g a n d ph y sica l da m -
a ge. S u ch a ppu r t en a n ces sh a ll a lso be
pr ot ect ed du r in g t r a n sit of con t a in er s.
(i i ) A l l c o n n e c t i o n s t o u n d e r g r o u n d
con t a in er s sh a ll be loca t ed wit h in a
dom e, h ou sin g, or m a n h ole a n d wit h
a ccess t h er et o by m ea n s of a su bst a n -
t ia l cover .
(7) D a m a ge f rom v eh icles. P r e c a u t i o n
sh a ll be t a k en a ga in st da m a ge t o a m -
m o n i a s y s t e m s fr o m v e h i c l e s .
(d ) R ef rigera t ed st ora ge sy st em s. T h i s
p a r a g r a p h a p p l i e s t o s y s t e m s u t i l i zi n g
con t a in er s wit h t h e st or a ge of a n h y -
d r o u s a m m o n i a u n d e r r e fr i g e r a t e d c o n -
dit ion s. All a pplica ble r u les of pa r a -
g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l y t o t h i s
pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er wise n ot ed.
(1) D esign of con t a in ers. (i ) T h e d e s i g n
t em per a t u r e sh a ll be t h e m in im u m
t em per a t u r e t o wh ich t h e con t a in er
w i l l b e r e fr i g e r a t e d .
(i i ) Co n t a i n e r s w i t h a d e s i g n p r e s s u r e
e x c e e d i n g 15 p .s .i .g . s h a l l b e c o n -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph
(b )(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d t h e m a t e r i a l s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s h a l l b e s e l e c t e d fr o m t h o s e l i s t e d i n
342
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00352 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
A P I S t a n d a r d 620, R e c o m m e n d e d R u l e s
fo r D e s i g n a n d Co n s t r u c t i o n o f L a r g e ,
We l d e d , L o w -P r e s s u r e S t o r a g e T a n k s ,
F o u r t h E d i t i o n , 1970, T a b l e s 2.02, R 2.2,
R 2.2(A ), R 2.2.1, o r R 2.3 w h i c h a r e i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s w i t h a d e s i g n p r e s -
s u r e o f 15 p .s .i .g . a n d l e s s s h a l l b e c o n -
st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e a ppli-
c a b l e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f A P I S t a n d a r d 620
in clu din g it s a ppen dix R .
(i v ) Wh e n a u s t e n i t i c s t e e l s o r n o n -
fe r r o u s m a t e r i a l s a r e u s e d , t h e Co d e
sh a ll be u sed a s a gu ide in t h e select ion
o f m a t e r i a l s fo r u s e a t t h e d e s i g n t e m -
per a t u r e.
(v ) T h e fi l l i n g d e n s i t y fo r r e fr i g -
er a t ed st or a ge con t a in er s sh a ll be su ch
t h a t t h e con t a in er will n ot be liqu id
fu l l a t a l i q u i d t e m p e r a t u r e c o r -
r espon din g t o t h e va por pr essu r e a t t h e
s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e s e t t i n g o f
t h e s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e .
(2) I n st a lla t ion of ref rigera t ed st ora ge
con t a in ers. (i ) Co n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s u p -
por t ed on su it a ble n on com bu st ible
fo u n d a t i o n s d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e
t h e t y pe of con t a in er bein g u sed.
(i i ) A d e q u a t e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t fl o -
t a t ion or ot h er wa t er da m a ge sh a ll be
p r o v i d e d w h e r e v e r h i g h fl o o d w a t e r
m igh t occu r .
(i i i ) Co n t a i n e r s fo r p r o d u c t s t o r a g e a t
l e s s t h a n 32 °F . s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d i n
su ch a wa y , or h ea t sh a ll be su pplied,
t o p r e v e n t t h e e ffe c t s o f fr e e zi n g a n d
c o n s e q u e n t fr o s t h e a v i n g .
(3) S h u t of f v a lv es. Wh e n o p e r a t i n g
con dit ion s m a k e it a dvisa ble, a ch eck
v a l v e s h a l l b e i n s t a l l e d o n t h e fi l l c o n -
n ect ion a n d a r em ot ely oper a t ed sh u t -
o ff v a l v e o n o t h e r c o n n e c t i o n s l o c a t e d
below t h e m a xim u m liqu id level.
(4) S a f et y relief d ev ices. (i ) S a fe t y r e -
l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l b e s e t t o s t a r t -t o -d i s -
ch a r ge a t a pr essu r e n ot in excess of
t h e design pr essu r e of t h e con t a in er
a n d sh a ll h a ve a t ot a l r elievin g ca pa c-
i t y s u ffi c i e n t t o p r e v e n t a m a x i m u m
pr essu r e in t h e con t a in er of m or e t h a n
120 p e r c e n t o f t h e d e s i g n p r e s s u r e . R e -
l i e f v a l v e s fo r r e fr i g e r a t e d s t o r a g e c o n -
t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d s p r i n g -
l o a d e d , w e i g h t -l o a d e d , o r s e l f-c o n -
t a i n e d p i l o t -o p e r a t e d t y p e .
(i i ) T h e t o t a l r e l i e v i n g c a p a c i t y s h a l l
b e t h e l a r g e r o f:
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(a ) P o s s i b l e r e fr i g e r a t i o n s y s t e m
u p s e t s u c h a s (1) c o o l i n g w a t e r fa i l u r e ,
(2) p o w e r fa i l u r e , (3) i n s t r u m e n t a i r o r
i n s t r u m e n t fa i l u r e , (4) m e c h a n i c a l fa i l -
u r e o f a n y e q u i p m e n t , (5) e x c e s s i v e
pu m pin g r a t es.
(b) F i r e e x p o s u r e d e t e r m i n e d i n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h Co m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a -
t i o n (CG A ) S –1, P a r t 3, S a fe t y R e l i e f
D e v i c e S t a n d a r d s fo r Co m p r e s s e d G a s
S t o r a g e Co n t a i n e r s , 1959, w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, e x c e p t t h a t ‘‘A ’’ s h a l l b e t h e
t o t a l e x p o s e d s u r fa c e a r e a i n s q u a r e
fe e t u p t o 25 fo o t a b o v e g r a d e o r t o t h e
equ a t or of t h e st or a ge con t a in er if it is
a sph er e, wh ich ever is gr ea t er . If t h e
r e l i e v i n g c a p a c i t y r e q u i r e d fo r fi r e e x -
posu r e is gr ea t er t h a n t h a t r equ ir ed by
(a ) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n , t h e a d d i t i o n a l
ca pa cit y m a y be pr ovided by wea k r oof
t o sh ell sea m s in con t a in er s oper a t in g
a t essen t ia lly a t m osph er ic pr essu r e
a n d h a v i n g a n i n h e r e n t l y w e a k r o o f-t o -
s h e l l s e a m . T h e w e a k r o o f-t o -s h e l l
sea m is n ot t o be con sider ed a s pr o-
vidin g a n y of t h e ca pa cit y r equ ir ed in
(a ) o f t h i s s u b d i v i s i o n .
(i i i ) I f v e n t l i n e s a r e i n s t a l l e d t o c o n -
d u c t t h e v a p o r s fr o m t h e r e l i e f v a l v e ,
t h e b a c k p r e s s u r e u n d e r fu l l r e l i e v i n g
c o n d i t i o n s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 50 p e r c e n t
o f t h e s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e fo r
p r e s s u r e b a l a n c e d v a l v e s o r 10 p e r c e n t
o f t h e s t a r t -t o -d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e fo r
con ven t ion a l va lves. T h e ven t lin es
sh a ll be in st a lled t o pr even t a ccu m u la -
t ion of liqu id in t h e lin es.
(i v ) T h e v a l v e o r v a l v e i n s t a l l a t i o n
sh a ll pr ovide wea t h er pr ot ect ion .
(v ) A t m o s p h e r i c s t o r a g e s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h va cu u m br ea k er s. Am m on ia
ga s, n it r ogen , m et h a n e, or ot h er in er t
ga ses ca n be u sed t o pr ovide a pa d.
(5) P rot ect ion of con t a in er a p p u r-
t en a n ces. A p p u r t e n a n c e s s h a l l b e p r o -
t ect ed a ga in st t a m per in g a n d ph y sica l
da m a ge.
(6) R ein st a lla t ion of ref rigera t ed st ora ge
con t a in ers. Co n t a i n e r s o f s u c h s i ze a s t o
r e q u i r e fi e l d fa b r i c a t i o n s h a l l , w h e n
m oved a n d r ein st a lled, be r econ -
st r u ct ed a n d r ein spect ed in com plet e
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s
u n der wh ich t h ey wer e con st r u ct ed.
T h e con t a in er s sh a ll be su bject ed t o a
pr essu r e r et est a n d if r er a t in g is n ec-
essa r y , r er a t in g sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wit h a pplica ble r equ ir em en t s.
343
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00353 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.111
(7) D a m a ge f rom v eh icles. P r e c a u t i o n
s h a l l b e t a k e n a g a i n s t d a m a g e fr o m v e -
h icles.
(8) R ef rigera t ion loa d a n d equ ip m en t .
(i ) T h e t o t a l r e fr i g e r a t i o n l o a d s h a l l b e
c o m p u t e d a s t h e s u m o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(a ) L o a d i m p o s e d b y h e a t fl o w i n t o
t h e con t a in er ca u sed by t h e t em per a -
t u r e d i ffe r e n t i a l b e t w e e n d e s i g n a m b i -
en t t em per a t u r e a n d st or a ge t em per a -
t u r e.
(b) L o a d i m p o s e d b y h e a t fl o w i n t o
t h e con t a in er ca u sed by m a xim u m su n
r a dia t ion .
(c) M a x i m u m l o a d i m p o s e d b y fi l l i n g
t h e con t a in er wit h a m m on ia wa r m er
t h a n t h e design st or a ge t em per a t u r e.
(i i ) M o r e t h a n o n e s t o r a g e c o n t a i n e r
m a y b e h a n d l e d b y t h e s a m e r e fr i g e r a -
t ion sy st em .
(9) Com p ressors. (i ) A m i n i m u m o f t w o
com pr essor s sh a ll be pr ovided eit h er of
w h i c h s h a l l b e o f s u ffi c i e n t s i ze t o h a n -
dle t h e loa ds list ed in pa r a gr a ph s
(d )(8)(i ) (a ) a n d (b) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
Wh e r e m o r e t h a n t w o c o m p r e s s o r s a r e
pr ovided m in im u m st a n dby equ ipm en t
equ a l t o t h e la r gest n or m a lly oper a t in g
equ ipm en t sh a ll be in st a lled. F illin g
com pr essor s m a y be u sed a s st a n dby
e q u i p m e n t fo r h o l d i n g c o m p r e s s o r s .
(i i ) Co m p r e s s o r s s h a l l b e s i ze d t o o p -
er a t e wit h a su ct ion pr essu r e a t lea st
10 p e r c e n t b e l o w t h e m i n i m u m s e t t i n g
o f t h e s a fe t y v a l v e (s ) o n t h e s t o r a g e
con t a in er a n d sh a ll wit h st a n d a su c-
t i o n p r e s s u r e a t l e a s t e q u a l t o 120 p e r -
cen t of t h e design pr essu r e of t h e con -
t a in er .
(10) Com p ressor d riv es. (i ) E a c h c o m -
pr essor sh a ll h a ve it s in dividu a l dr iv-
in g u n it .
(i i ) A n e m e r g e n c y s o u r c e o f p o w e r o f
s u ffi c i e n t c a p a c i t y t o h a n d l e t h e l o a d s
l i s t e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (d )(8)(i ) (a ) a n d (b)
of t h is sect ion sh a ll be pr ovided u n less
fa c i l i t i e s a r e a v a i l a b l e t o s a fe l y d i s p o s e
o f v e n t e d v a p o r s w h i l e t h e r e fr i g e r a -
t ion sy st em is n ot oper a t in g.
(11) A u t om a t ic con t rol equ ip m en t . (i )
T h e r e fr i g e r a t i o n s y s t e m s h a l l b e a r -
r a n ged wit h su it a ble con t r ols t o gover n
t h e com pr essor oper a t ion in a ccor d-
a n ce wit h t h e loa d a s eviden ced by t h e
p r e s s u r e i n t h e c o n t a i n e r (s ).
(i i ) A n e m e r g e n c y a l a r m s y s t e m s h a l l
b e i n s t a l l e d t o fu n c t i o n i n t h e e v e n t
t h e p r e s s u r e i n t h e c o n t a i n e r (s ) r i s e s t o
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.111
t h e m a xim u m a llowa ble oper a t in g
pr essu r e.
(i i i ) A n e m e r g e n c y a l a r m a n d s h u t o ff
sh a ll be loca t ed in t h e con den ser sy s-
t em t o r espon d t o excess disch a r ge
p r e s s u r e c a u s e d b y fa i l u r e o f t h e c o o l -
in g m ediu m .
(i v ) A l l a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l s s h a l l b e
in st a lled in a m a n n er t o pr eclu de oper -
a t ion of a lt er n a t e com pr essor s u n less
t h e c o n t r o l s w i l l fu n c t i o n w i t h t h e a l -
t er n a t e com pr essor s.
(12) S ep a ra t ors f or com p ressors. (i ) A n
e n t r a i n m e n t s e p a r a t o r o f s u i t a b l e s i ze
a n d design pr essu r e sh a ll be in st a lled
in t h e com pr essor su ct ion lin e of lu br i-
ca t ed com pr ession . T h e sepa r a t or sh a ll
be equ ipped wit h a dr a in a n d ga gin g de-
vice.
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(13) Con d en sers. T h e c o n d e n s e r s y s -
t em m a y be cooled by a ir or wa t er or
bot h . T h e con den ser sh a ll be design ed
fo r a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g . P r o v i s i o n s h a l l
b e m a d e fo r p u r g i n g n o n c o n d e n s i b l e s
eit h er m a n u a lly or a u t om a t ica lly .
(14) R eceiv er a n d liqu id d ra in . A r e -
ceiver sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a liqu id-
level con t r ol t o disch a r ge t h e liqu id
a m m on ia t o st or a ge. T h e r eceiver sh a ll
b e d e s i g n e d fo r a t l e a s t 250 p .s .i .g . a n d
be equ ipped wit h t h e n ecessa r y con n ec-
t i o n s , s a fe t y v a l v e s , a n d g a g i n g d e v i c e .
(15) I n su la t ion . R e fr i g e r a t e d c o n -
t a in er s a n d pipelin es wh ich a r e in su -
la t ed sh a ll be cover ed wit h a m a t er ia l
o f s u i t a b l e q u a l i t y a n d t h i c k n e s s fo r
t h e t em per a t u r es en cou n t er ed. In su la -
t ion sh a ll be su it a bly su ppor t ed a n d
p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e w e a t h e r . We a t h -
e r p r o o fi n g s h a l l b e o f a t y p e w h i c h w i l l
n o t s u p p o r t fl a m e p r o p a g a t i o n .
(e ) S y st em s u t iliz in g p ort a ble D O T con -
t a in ers—(1) Con f orm a n ce. Cy l i n d e r s
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h D OT s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
a n d s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d , fi l l e d , p a c k -
a ged, m a r k ed, la beled, a n d sh ipped t o
c o m p l y w i t h 49 CF R c h a p t e r I a n d
M a r k i n g P o r t a b l e Co m p r e s s e d G a s Co n -
t a i n e r s t o I d e n t i fy t h e M a t e r i a l Co n -
t a i n e d , A N S I Z 48.1–1954 (R 1970), w h i c h
i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i -
fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(2) S t ora ge. Cy l i n d e r s s h a l l b e s t o r e d
i n a n a r e a fr e e fr o m i g n i t a b l e d e b r i s
a n d in su ch m a n n er a s t o pr even t ex-
t er n a l cor r osion . S t or a ge m a y be in -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
door s or ou t door s.
344
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(3) H ea t p rot ect ion . Cy l i n d e r s fi l l e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT r e g u l a t i o n s w i l l
b e c o m e l i q u i d fu l l a t 145 °F . Cy l i n d e r s
s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m h e a t s o u r c e s
s u c h a s r a d i a n t fl a m e a n d s t e a m p i p e s .
Hea t sh a ll n ot be a pplied dir ect ly t o
cy lin der s t o r a ise t h e pr essu r e.
(4) P rot ect ion . Cy l i n d e r s s h a l l b e
st or ed in su ch m a n n er a s t o pr ot ect
t h e m fr o m m o v i n g v e h i c l e s o r e x t e r n a l
da m a ge.
(5) V a lv e ca p . A n y c y l i n d e r w h i c h i s
design ed t o h a ve a va lve pr ot ect ion ca p
sh a ll h a ve t h e ca p secu r ely in pla ce
wh en t h e cy lin der is n ot in ser vice.
(f) T a n k m ot or v eh icles f or t h e t ra n sp or-
t a t ion of a m m on ia . (1) T h i s p a r a g r a p h
a pplies t o con t a in er s a n d per t in en t
equ ipm en t m ou n t ed on t a n k m ot or ve-
h i c l e s i n c l u d i n g s e m i t r a i l e r s a n d fu l l
t r a i l e r s u s e d fo r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f
a m m on ia . T h is pa r a gr a ph does n ot
a p p l y t o fa r m v e h i c l e s . F o r r e q u i r e -
m e n t s c o v e r i n g fa r m v e h i c l e s , r e fe r t o
p a r a g r a p h s (g ) a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
P a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o
t h is pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er wise n ot ed.
Co n t a i n e r s a n d p e r t i n e n t e q u i p m e n t
fo r t a n k m o t o r v e h i c l e s fo r t h e t r a n s -
por t a t ion of a n h y dr ou s a m m on ia , in
a ddit ion t o com ply in g wit h t h e r e-
qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion , sh a ll a lso
c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f D OT .
(2) D esign p ressu re a n d con st ru ct ion of
con t a in ers. (i ) T h e m i n i m u m d e s i g n
p r e s s u r e fo r c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e t h a t
s p e c i fi e d i n t h e r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e D OT .
(i i ) T h e s h e l l o r h e a d t h i c k n e s s o f
a n y con t a in er sh a ll n ot be less t h a n
t h r e e -s i x t e e n t h i n c h .
(i i i ) A l l c o n t a i n e r o p e n i n g s , e x c e p t
s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s , l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g
devices, a n d pr essu r e ga ges, sh a ll be la -
beled t o design a t e wh et h er t h ey com -
m u n ica t e wit h liqu id or va por spa ce.
(3) Con t a in er a p p u rt en a n ces. (i ) A l l a p -
pu r t en a n ces sh a ll be pr ot ect ed a ga in st
ph y sica l da m a ge.
(i i ) A l l c o n n e c t i o n s t o c o n t a i n e r s , e x -
c e p t fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s , s a fe t y r e l i e f
d e v i c e s , a n d l i q u i d -l e v e l a n d p r e s s u r e
ga ge con n ect ion s, sh a ll be pr ovided
w i t h s u i t a b l e a u t o m a t i c e x c e s s fl o w
v a l v e s , o r i n l i e u t h e r e o f, m a y b e fi t t e d
w i t h q u i c k -c l o s i n g i n t e r n a l v a l v e s ,
wh ich sh a ll r em a in closed except du r -
in g deliver y oper a t ion s. T h e con t r ol
m e c h a n i s m fo r s u c h v a l v e s m a y b e p r o -
vided wit h a secon da r y con t r ol r em ot e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
fr o m t h e d e l i v e r y c o n n e c t i o n s a n d s u c h
con t r ol m ech a n ism sh a ll be pr ovided
w i t h a fu s i b l e s e c t i o n (m e l t i n g p o i n t
208 °F . t o 220 °F .) w h i c h w i l l p e r m i t t h e
in t er n a l va lve t o close a u t om a t ica lly
i n c a s e o f fi r e .
(i i i ) F i l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d w i t h a u t o m a t i c b a c k -p r e s s u r e
c h e c k v a l v e s , e x c e s s -fl o w v a l v e s , o r
q u i c k -c l o s i n g i n t e r n a l v a l v e s , t o p r e -
v e n t b a c k -fl o w i n c a s e t h e fi l l i n g c o n -
n e c t i o n i s b r o k e n . Wh e r e t h e fi l l i n g
a n d disch a r ge con n ect t o a com m on
open in g in t h e con t a in er sh ell a n d t h a t
o p e n i n g i s fi t t e d w i t h a q u i c k -c l o s i n g
i n t e r n a l v a l v e a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(f)(3)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e a u t o m a t i c
va lve sh a ll n ot be r equ ir ed.
(i v ) A l l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
fo r s p r a y l o a d i n g (fi l l i n g i n t h e v a p o r
spa ce) or wit h a n a ppr oved va por r e-
t u r n va lve of a dequ a t e ca pa cit y .
(4) P ip in g a n d f it t in gs. (i ) A l l p i p i n g ,
t u b i n g , a n d fi t t i n g s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y
m ou n t ed a n d pr ot ect ed a ga in st da m -
a ge. Mea n s sh a ll be pr ovided t o pr ot ect
h oses wh ile t h e veh icle is in m ot ion .
(i i ) F i t t i n g s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a -
g r a p h (b )(6) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . P i p e s h a l l
b e S c h e d u l e 80.
(5) S a f et y relief d ev ices. (i ) T h e d i s -
c h a r g e fr o m s a fe t y r e l i e f v a l v e s s h a l l
b e v e n t e d a w a y fr o m t h e c o n t a i n e r u p -
wa r d a n d u n obst r u ct ed t o t h e open a ir
in su ch a m a n n er a s t o pr even t a n y im -
pin gem en t of esca pin g ga s u pon t h e
c o n t a i n e r ; l o o s e -fi t t i n g r a i n c a p s s h a l l
b e u s e d . S i ze o f d i s c h a r g e l i n e s fr o m
s a fe t y v a l v e s s h a l l n o t b e s m a l l e r t h a n
t h e n o m i n a l s i ze o f t h e s a fe t y -r e l i e f
va lve ou t let con n ect ion . S u it a ble pr o-
v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e fo r d r a i n i n g c o n -
den sa t e wh ich m a y a ccu m u la t e in t h e
disch a r ge pipe.
(i i ) A n y p o r t i o n o f l i q u i d a m m o n i a
pipin g wh ich a t a n y t im e m a y be closed
a t bot h en ds sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a
h y dr ost a t ic r elief va lve.
(6) T ra n sf er of liqu id s. (i ) T h e c o n t e n t
of t a n k m ot or veh icle con t a in er s sh a ll
be det er m in ed by weigh t , by a su it a ble
l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g i n g d e v i c e , o r o t h e r a p -
pr oved m et h ods. If t h e con t en t of a
con t a in er is t o be det er m in ed by liq-
u i d -l e v e l m e a s u r e m e n t , t h e c o n t a i n e r
sh a ll h a ve a t h er m om et er well so t h a t
t h e in t er n a l liqu id t em per a t u r e ca n be
ea sily det er m in ed. T h is volu m e wh en
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
con ver t ed t o weigh t sh a ll n ot exceed
345
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00355 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.111
t h e fi l l i n g d e n s i t y s p e c i fi e d b y t h e
D OT .
(i i ) A n y p u m p , e x c e p t a c o n s t a n t
s p e e d c e n t r i fu g a l p u m p , s h a l l b e
equ ipped wit h a su it a ble pr essu r e a ct u -
a t e d b y p a s s v a l v e p e r m i t t i n g fl o w fr o m
disch a r ge t o su ct ion wh en t h e dis-
ch a r ge pr essu r e r ises a bove a pr edet er -
m in ed poin t . P u m p disch a r ge sh a ll a lso
b e e q u i p p e d w i t h a s p r i n g -l o a d e d s a fe t y
r elief va lve set a t a pr essu r e n ot m or e
t h a n 135 p e r c e n t o f t h e s e t t i n g o f t h e
b y p a s s v a l v e o r m o r e t h a n 400 p .s .i .g .,
wh ich ever is la r ger .
(i i i ) Co m p r e s s o r s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
w i t h m a n u a l l y o p e r a t e d s h u t o ff v a l v e s
on bot h su ct ion a n d disch a r ge con n ec-
t i o n s . P r e s s u r e g a g e s o f b o u r d o n -t u b e
t y pe sh a ll be in st a lled on t h e su ct ion
a n d d i s c h a r g e o f t h e c o m p r e s s o r b e fo r e
t h e s h u t o ff v a l v e s . T h e c o m p r e s s o r
sh a ll n ot be oper a t ed if eit h er pr essu r e
ga ge is r em oved or is in oper a t ive. A
s p r i n g -l o a d e d , s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e c a p a -
ble of disch a r gin g t o a t m osph er e t h e
fu l l fl o w o f g a s fr o m t h e c o m p r e s s o r a t
a p r e s s u r e n o t e x c e e d i n g 300 p .s .i .g .
sh a ll be con n ect ed bet ween t h e com -
pr essor disch a r ge a n d t h e disch a r ge
s h u t o ff v a l v e .
(i v ) V a l v e fu n c t i o n s s h a l l b e c l e a r l y
a n d l e g i b l y i d e n t i fi e d b y m e t a l t a g s o r
n a m e p l a t e s p e r m a n e n t l y a ffi x e d t o
ea ch va lve.
(7)–(8) [R e s e r v e d ]
(9) Ch ock block s. A t l e a s t t w o c h o c k
block s sh a ll be pr ovided. T h ese block s
sh a ll be pla ced t o pr even t r ollin g of t h e
veh icle wh en ever it is pa r k ed du r in g
loa din g a n d u n loa din g oper a t ion s.
(10) P ort a ble t a n k con t a in ers (sk id
t a n k s). Wh e r e p o r t a b l e t a n k c o n t a i n e r s
a r e u s e d fo r fa r m s t o r a g e t h e y s h a l l
c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(1) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n . Wh e n p o r t a b l e t a n k c o n t a i n e r s
a r e u sed in lieu of ca r go t a n k s a n d a r e
per m a n en t ly m ou n t ed on t a n k m ot or
v e h i c l e s fo r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f a m -
m on ia , t h ey sh a ll com ply wit h t h e r e-
qu ir em en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(g ) S y st em s m ou n t ed on f a rm v eh icles
ot h er t h a n f or t h e a p p lica t ion of a m m o-
n ia —(1) A p p lica t ion . T h i s p a r a g r a p h a p -
p l i e s t o c o n t a i n e r s o f 1,200 g a l l o n s c a -
pa cit y or less a n d per t in en t equ ipm en t
m o u n t e d o n fa r m v e h i c l e s (i m p l e m e n t s
o f h u s b a n d r y ) a n d u s e d o t h e r t h a n fo r
t h e a pplica t ion of a m m on ia t o t h e soil.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.111
P a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l i e s t o
t h is pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er wise n ot ed.
(2) D esign p ressu re a n d cla ssif ica t ion of
con t a in ers. (i ) T h e m i n i m u m d e s i g n
p r e s s u r e fo r c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e 250
p .s .i .g .
(i i ) T h e s h e l l o r h e a d t h i c k n e s s o f
a n y con t a in er sh a ll be n ot less t h a n
t h r e e -s i x t e e n t h s o f a n i n c h .
(3) M ou n t in g con t a in ers. (i ) A s u i t a b l e
‘‘s t o p ’’ o r ‘‘s t o p s ’’ s h a l l b e m o u n t e d o n
t h e veh icle or on t h e con t a in er in su ch
a wa y t h a t t h e con t a in er sh a ll n ot be
d i s l o d g e d fr o m i t s m o u n t i n g d u e t o t h e
veh icle com in g t o a su dden st op. Ba ck
slippa ge sh a ll a lso be pr even t ed by
pr oper m et h ods.
(i i ) A s u i t a b l e ‘‘h o l d d o w n ’’ d e v i c e
sh a ll be pr ovided wh ich will a n ch or t h e
con t a in er t o t h e veh icle a t on e or m or e
pla ces on ea ch side of t h e con t a in er .
(i i i ) Wh e n c o n t a i n e r s a r e m o u n t e d o n
fo u r -w h e e l t r a i l e r s , c a r e s h a l l b e t a k e n
t o in su r e t h a t t h e weigh t is dist r ibu t ed
even ly over bot h a xles.
(i v ) Wh e n t h e c r a d l e a n d t h e t a n k a r e
n ot welded t oget h er su it a ble m a t er ia l
sh a ll be u sed bet ween t h em t o elim i-
n a t e m e t a l -t o -m e t a l fr i c t i o n .
(4) Con t a in er a p p u rt en a n ces. (i ) A l l
con t a in er s sh a ll be equ ipped wit h a
fi x e d l i q u i d -l e v e l g a g e .
(i i ) A l l c o n t a i n e r s w i t h a c a p a c i t y e x -
c e e d i n g 250 g a l l o n s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
wit h a pr essu r e ga ge h a vin g a dia l
g r a d u a t e d fr o m 0–400 p .s .i .
(i i i ) T h e fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e
fi t t e d w i t h c o m b i n a t i o n b a c k -p r e s s u r e
c h e c k v a l v e a n d e x c e s s -fl o w v a l v e ; o n e
d o u b l e o r t w o s i n g l e b a c k -p r e s s u r e
c h e c k v a l v e s ; o r a p o s i t i v e s h u t o ff
va lve in con ju n ct ion wit h eit h er a n in -
t e r n a l b a c k -p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e o r a n
i n t e r n a l e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e .
(i v ) A l l c o n t a i n e r s w i t h a c a p a c i t y
e x c e e d i n g 250 g a l l o n s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d
fo r s p r a y l o a d i n g o r w i t h a n a p p r o v e d
va por r et u r n va lve.
(v ) A l l v a p o r a n d l i q u i d c o n n e c t i o n s
e x c e p t s a fe t y -r e l i e f v a l v e s a n d t h o s e
s p e c i fi c a l l y e x e m p t e d b y p a r a g r a p h
(b )(6)(v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e
e q u i p p e d w i t h a p p r o v e d e x c e s s -fl o w
v a l v e s o r m a y b e fi t t e d w i t h q u i c k -
closin g in t er n a l va lves wh ich , except
du r in g oper a t in g per iods, sh a ll r em a in
closed.
(v i ) F i t t i n g s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e l y p r o -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t e c t e d fr o m d a m a g e b y a m e t a l b o x o r
346
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
c y l i n d e r w i t h o p e n t o p s e c u r e l y fa s -
t en ed t o t h e con t a in er or by r igid
gu a r ds, well br a ced, welded t o t h e con -
t a i n e r o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e fi t t i n g s o r
by a m et a l dom e. If a m et a l dom e is
u sed, t h e r elief va lve sh a ll be pr oper ly
ven t ed t h r ou gh t h e dom e.
(v i i ) I f a l i q u i d w i t h d r a w a l l i n e i s i n -
st a lled in t h e bot t om of a con t a in er ,
t h e con n ect ion s t h er et o, in clu din g
h ose, sh a ll n ot be lower t h a n t h e low-
e s t h o r i zo n t a l e d g e o f t h e v e h i c l e a x l e .
(v i i i ) P r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e t o s e -
cu r e bot h en ds of t h e h ose wh ile in
t r a n sit .
(5) M a rk in g t h e con t a in er. T h e r e s h a l l
a ppea r on ea ch side a n d on t h e r ea r en d
of t h e con t a in er in let t er s a t lea st 4
i n c h e s h i g h , t h e w o r d s , ‘‘Ca u t i o n —A m -
m o n i a ’’ o r t h e c o n t a i n e r s h a l l b e
m a r k e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D OT r e g u -
la t ion s.
(6) F a rm v eh icles. (i ) F a r m v e h i c l e s
s h a l l c o n fo r m w i t h S t a t e r e g u l a t i o n s .
(i i ) A l l t r a i l e r s s h a l l b e s e c u r e l y a t -
t a ch ed t o t h e veh icle dr a win g t h em by
m ea n s of dr a wba r s su pplem en t ed by
s u i t a b l e s a fe t y c h a i n s .
(i i i ) A t r a i l e r s h a l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d s o
t h a t i t w i l l fo l l o w s u b s t a n t i a l l y i n t h e
pa t h of t h e t owin g veh icle a n d will n ot
w h i p o r s w e r v e d a n g e r o u s l y fr o m s i d e
t o side.
(i v ) A l l v e h i c l e s s h a l l c a r r y a c a n
con t a in in g 5 ga llon s or m or e of wa t er .
(h ) S y st em s m ou n t ed on f a rm v eh icles
f or t h e a p p lica t ion of a m m on ia . (1) T h i s
p a r a g r a p h a p p l i e s t o s y s t e m s u t i l i zi n g
c o n t a i n e r s o f 250 g a l l o n s c a p a c i t y o r
l e s s w h i c h a r e m o u n t e d o n fa r m v e h i -
c l e s (i m p l e m e n t o f h u s b a n d r y ) a n d u s e d
fo r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f a m m o n i a t o t h e
s o i l . P a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a p -
plies t o t h is pa r a gr a ph u n less ot h er -
w i s e n o t e d . Wh e r e l a r g e r c o n t a i n e r s a r e
u sed, t h ey sh a ll com ply wit h pa r a gr a ph
(g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) D esign p ressu re a n d cla ssif ica t ion of
con t a in ers. (i ) T h e m i n i m u m d e s i g n
p r e s s u r e fo r c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e 250
p .s .i .g .
(i i ) T h e s h e l l o r h e a d t h i c k n e s s o f
a n y con t a in er sh a ll n ot be less t h a n
t h r e e -s i x t e e n t h s i n c h .
(3) M ou n t in g of con t a in ers. A l l c o n -
t a i n e r s a n d fl o w -c o n t r o l d e v i c e s s h a l l
be secu r ely m ou n t ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(4) Con t a in er v a lv es a n d a ccessories. (i )
E a c h c o n t a i n e r s h a l l h a v e a fi x e d l i q -
u i d -l e v e l g a g e .
(i i ) T h e fi l l i n g c o n n e c t i o n s h a l l b e
fi t t e d w i t h a c o m b i n a t i o n b a c k -p r e s -
s u r e c h e c k v a l v e a n d a n e x c e s s -fl o w
va lve; on e dou ble or t wo sin gle ba ck -
pr essu r e ch eck va lves: or a posit ive
s h u t o ff v a l v e i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h a n
i n t e r n a l b a c k -p r e s s u r e c h e c k v a l v e o r
a n i n t e r n a l e x c e s s -fl o w v a l v e .
(i i i ) T h e a p p l i c a t o r t a n k m a y b e
fi l l e d b y v e n t i n g t o o p e n a i r p r o v i d e d
t h e b l e e d e r v a l v e o r i fi c e d o e s n o t e x -
c e e d s e v e n -s i x t e e n t h s i n c h i n d i a m e t e r .
(i v ) R e g u l a t i o n e q u i p m e n t m a y b e
con n ect ed dir ect ly t o t h e t a n k cou -
p l i n g o r fl a n g e , i n w h i c h c a s e a fl e x i b l e
con n ect ion sh a ll be u sed bet ween su ch
r egu la t in g equ ipm en t a n d t h e r em a in -
der of t h e liqu id wit h dr a wa l sy st em .
R egu la t in g equ ipm en t n ot so in st a lled
s h a l l b e fl e x i b l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e c o n -
t a i n e r s h u t o ff v a l v e .
(v ) N o e x c e s s fl o w v a l v e i s r e q u i r e d i n
t h e liqu id wit h dr a wa l lin e pr ovided t h e
c o n t r o l l i n g o r i fi c e b e t w e e n t h e c o n -
t en t s of t h e con t a in er a n d t h e ou t let of
t h e s h u t o ff v a l v e d o e s n o t e x c e e d
s e v e n -s i x t e e n t h s i n c h i n d i a m e t e r .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49748, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5322, F e b . 10,
1984; 53 F R 12122, A p r . 12, 1988; 61 F R 9238,
M a r . 7, 1996; 63 F R 1269, J a n . 8, 1998; 63 F R
33466, J u n e 18, 1998]
§§ 1910.112–1910.113 [Reserved]
§ 1910.119 Process safety management
of highly hazardous chemicals.
P u rp ose. T h i s s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s r e -
q u i r e m e n t s fo r p r e v e n t i n g o r m i n i -
m i zi n g t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f c a t a -
st r oph ic r elea ses of t oxic, r ea ct ive,
fl a m m a b l e , o r e x p l o s i v e c h e m i c a l s .
T h e s e r e l e a s e s m a y r e s u l t i n t o x i c , fi r e
o r e x p l o s i o n h a za r d s .
(a ) A p p lica t ion . (1) T h i s s e c t i o n a p -
p l i e s t o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) A p r o c e s s w h i c h i n v o l v e s a c h e m -
i c a l a t o r a b o v e t h e s p e c i fi e d t h r e s h o l d
qu a n t it ies list ed in a ppen dix A t o t h is
sect ion ;
(i i ) A p r o c e s s w h i c h i n v o l v e s a fl a m -
m a b l e l i q u i d o r g a s (a s d e fi n e d i n
1910.1200(c ) o f t h i s p a r t ) o n s i t e i n o n e
l o c a t i o n , i n a q u a n t i t y o f 10,000 p o u n d s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
(4535.9 k g ) o r m o r e e x c e p t fo r :
347
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00357 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
(A ) H y d r o c a r b o n fu e l s u s e d s o l e l y fo r
w o r k p l a c e c o n s u m p t i o n a s a fu e l (e .g .,
p r o p a n e u s e d fo r c o m fo r t h e a t i n g , g a s o -
l i n e fo r v e h i c l e r e fu e l i n g ), i f s u c h fu e l s
a r e n ot a pa r t of a pr ocess con t a in in g
a n o t h e r h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l
cover ed by t h is st a n da r d;
(B ) F l a m m a b l e l i q u i d s s t o r e d i n a t -
m o s p h e r i c t a n k s o r t r a n s fe r r e d w h i c h
a r e k ept below t h eir n or m a l boilin g
p o i n t w i t h o u t b e n e fi t o f c h i l l i n g o r r e -
fr i g e r a t i o n .
(2) T h i s s e c t i o n d o e s n o t a p p l y t o :
(i ) R e t a i l fa c i l i t i e s ;
(i i ) Oi l o r g a s w e l l d r i l l i n g o r s e r v -
icin g oper a t ion s; or ,
(i i i ) N o r m a l l y u n o c c u p i e d r e m o t e fa -
cilit ies.
(b ) D ef in it ion s. A t m osp h eric tan k
m ea n s a st or a ge t a n k wh ich h a s been
d e s i g n e d t o o p e r a t e a t p r e s s u r e s fr o m
a t m o s p h e r i c t h r o u g h 0.5 p .s .i .g . (p o u n d s
p e r s q u a r e i n c h g a u g e , 3.45 K p a ).
B oilin g p oin t m e a n s t h e b o i l i n g p o i n t
o f a l i q u i d a t a p r e s s u r e o f 14.7 p o u n d s
p e r s q u a r e i n c h a b s o l u t e (p .s .i .a .) (760
m m .). F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
wh er e a n a ccu r a t e boilin g poin t is u n -
a v a i l a b l e fo r t h e m a t e r i a l i n q u e s t i o n ,
o r fo r m i x t u r e s w h i c h d o n o t h a v e a
c o n s t a n t b o i l i n g p o i n t , t h e 10 p e r c e n t
p o i n t o f a d i s t i l l a t i o n p e r fo r m e d i n a c -
cor da n ce wit h t h e S t a n da r d Met h od of
T e s t fo r D i s t i l l a t i o n o f P e t r o l e u m
P r o d u c t s , A S T M D –86–62, w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, m a y b e u s e d a s t h e b o i l i n g
poin t of t h e liqu id.
Ca t a st rop h ic relea se m e a n s a m a j o r
u n c o n t r o l l e d e m i s s i o n , fi r e , o r e x p l o -
s i o n , i n v o l v i n g o n e o r m o r e h i g h l y h a z-
a r dou s ch em ica ls, t h a t pr esen t s ser iou s
da n ger t o em ploy ees in t h e wor k pla ce.
F a cilit y m e a n s t h e b u i l d i n g s , c o n -
t a in er s or equ ipm en t wh ich con t a in a
pr ocess.
H igh ly h a z a rd ou s ch em ica l m e a n s a
su bst a n ce possessin g t oxic, r ea ct ive,
fl a m m a b l e , o r e x p l o s i v e p r o p e r t i e s a n d
s p e c i fi e d b y p a r a g r a p h (a )(1) o f t h i s
sect ion .
H ot w ork m e a n s w o r k i n v o l v i n g e l e c -
t r i c o r g a s w e l d i n g , c u t t i n g , b r a zi n g , o r
s i m i l a r fl a m e o r s p a r k -p r o d u c i n g o p e r -
a t ion s.
N orm a lly u n occu p ied rem ot e f a cilit y
m e a n s a fa c i l i t y w h i c h i s o p e r a t e d ,
m a in t a in ed or ser viced by em ploy ees
w h o v i s i t t h e fa c i l i t y o n l y p e r i o d i c a l l y
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119
t o c h e c k i t s o p e r a t i o n a n d t o p e r fo r m
n ecessa r y oper a t in g or m a in t en a n ce
t a sk s. No em ploy ees a r e per m a n en t ly
s t a t i o n e d a t t h e fa c i l i t y .
F a c i l i t i e s m e e t i n g t h i s d e fi n i t i o n a r e
n ot con t igu ou s wit h , a n d m u st be geo-
g r a p h i c a l l y r e m o t e fr o m a l l o t h e r
bu ildin gs, pr ocesses or per son s.
P rocess m e a n s a n y a c t i v i t y i n v o l v i n g
a h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l i n c l u d i n g
a n y u s e , s t o r a g e , m a n u fa c t u r i n g , h a n -
d l i n g , o r t h e o n -s i t e m o v e m e n t o f s u c h
ch em ica ls, or com bin a t ion of t h ese a c-
t i v i t i e s . F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h i s d e fi n i t i o n ,
a n y gr ou p of vessels wh ich a r e in t er -
con n ect ed a n d sepa r a t e vessels wh ich
a r e l o c a t e d s u c h t h a t a h i g h l y h a z-
a r dou s ch em ica l cou ld be in volved in a
pot en t ia l r elea se sh a ll be con sider ed a
sin gle pr ocess.
R ep la cem en t in k in d m e a n s a r e p l a c e -
m e n t w h i c h s a t i s fi e s t h e d e s i g n s p e c i -
fi c a t i o n .
T ra d e secret m e a n s a n y c o n fi d e n t i a l
fo r m u l a , p a t t e r n , p r o c e s s , d e v i c e , i n fo r -
m a t i o n o r c o m p i l a t i o n o f i n fo r m a t i o n
t h a t i s u s e d i n a n e m p l o y e r ’s b u s i n e s s ,
a n d t h a t gives t h e em ploy er a n oppor -
t u n it y t o obt a in a n a dva n t a ge over
com pet it or s wh o do n ot k n ow or u se it .
A p p e n d i x D c o n t a i n e d i n § 1910.1200 s e t s
ou t t h e cr it er ia t o be u sed in eva lu -
a t in g t r a de secr et s.
(c ) E m p loy ee p a rt icip a t ion . (1) E m p l o y -
er s sh a ll develop a wr it t en pla n of a c-
t ion r ega r din g t h e im plem en t a t ion of
t h e em ploy ee pa r t icipa t ion r equ ir ed by
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(2) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l c o n s u l t w i t h e m -
ploy ees a n d t h eir r epr esen t a t ives on
t h e con du ct a n d developm en t of pr oc-
e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s e s a n d o n t h e d e v e l -
opm en t of t h e ot h er elem en t s of pr oc-
e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t i n t h i s s t a n d -
a r d.
(3) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l p r o v i d e t o e m -
ploy ees a n d t h eir r epr esen t a t ives a c-
c e s s t o p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s e s a n d t o
a l l o t h e r i n fo r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d t o b e d e -
veloped u n der t h is st a n da r d.
(d ) P rocess sa f et y in f orm a t ion . I n a c -
c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s c h e d u l e s e t fo r t h i n
p a r a g r a p h (e )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll com plet e a com pila t ion of
w r i t t e n p r o c e s s s a fe t y i n fo r m a t i o n b e -
fo r e c o n d u c t i n g a n y p r o c e s s h a za r d
a n a ly sis r equ ir ed by t h e st a n da r d. T h e
c o m p i l a t i o n o f w r i t t e n p r o c e s s s a fe t y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i n fo r m a t i o n i s t o e n a b l e t h e e m p l o y e r
348
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00358 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a n d t h e em ploy ees in volved in oper -
a t i n g t h e p r o c e s s t o i d e n t i fy a n d u n d e r -
s t a n d t h e h a za r d s p o s e d b y t h o s e p r o c -
esses in volvin g h igh ly h a za r d o u s
c h e m i c a l s . T h i s p r o c e s s s a fe t y i n fo r m a -
t i o n s h a l l i n c l u d e i n fo r m a t i o n p e r -
t a i n i n g t o t h e h a za r d s o f t h e h i g h l y
h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s u s e d o r p r o d u c e d
b y t h e p r o c e s s , i n fo r m a t i o n p e r t a i n i n g
t o t h e t ech n ology of t h e pr ocess, a n d
i n fo r m a t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e e q u i p -
m en t in t h e pr ocess.
(1) I n f orm a t ion p ert a in in g t o t h e h a z -
a rd s of t h e h igh ly h a z a rd ou s ch em ica ls in
t h e p rocess. T h i s i n fo r m a t i o n s h a l l c o n -
s i s t o f a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) T o x i c i t y i n fo r m a t i o n ;
(i i ) P e r m i s s i b l e e x p o s u r e l i m i t s ;
(i i i ) P h y s i c a l d a t a ;
(i v ) R e a c t i v i t y d a t a :
(v ) Co r r o s i v i t y d a t a ;
(v i ) T h e r m a l a n d c h e m i c a l s t a b i l i t y
da t a ; a n d
(v i i ) H a za r d o u s e ffe c t s o f i n a d v e r t e n t
m i x i n g o f d i ffe r e n t m a t e r i a l s t h a t
c o u l d fo r e s e e a b l y o c c u r .
N OT E : M a t e r i a l S a fe t y D a t a S h e e t s m e e t -
i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R 1910.1200(g )
m a y be u sed t o com ply wit h t h is r equ ir e-
m e n t t o t h e e x t e n t t h e y c o n t a i n t h e i n fo r -
m a t ion r equ ir ed by t h is su bpa r a gr a ph .
(2) I n f orm a t ion p ert a in in g t o t h e t ech -
n ology of t h e p rocess. (i ) I n fo r m a t i o n
con cer n in g t h e t ech n ology of t h e pr oc-
e s s s h a l l i n c l u d e a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) A b l o c k fl o w d i a g r a m o r s i m -
p l i fi e d p r o c e s s fl o w d i a g r a m (s e e a p p e n -
d i x B t o t h i s s e c t i o n );
(B ) P r o c e s s c h e m i s t r y ;
(C) M a x i m u m i n t e n d e d i n v e n t o r y ;
(D ) S a fe u p p e r a n d l o w e r l i m i t s fo r
su ch it em s a s t em per a t u r es, pr essu r es,
fl o w s o r c o m p o s i t i o n s ; a n d ,
(E ) A n e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e c o n -
sequ en ces of devia t ion s, in clu din g
t h o s e a ffe c t i n g t h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h o f
em ploy ees.
(i i ) Wh e r e t h e o r i g i n a l t e c h n i c a l i n -
fo r m a t i o n n o l o n g e r e x i s t s , s u c h i n fo r -
m a t ion m a y be developed in con ju n c-
t i o n w i t h t h e p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s
i n s u ffi c i e n t d e t a i l t o s u p p o r t t h e a n a l -
y sis.
(3) I n f orm a t ion p ert a in in g t o t h e equ ip -
m en t in t h e p rocess. (i ) I n fo r m a t i o n p e r -
t a in in g t o t h e equ ipm en t in t h e pr ocess
sh a ll in clu de:
(A ) M a t e r i a l s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n ;
(B ) P i p i n g a n d i n s t r u m e n t d i a g r a m s
(P &I D ’s );
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(C) E l e c t r i c a l c l a s s i fi c a t i o n ;
(D ) R e l i e f s y s t e m d e s i g n a n d d e s i g n
ba sis;
(E ) V e n t i l a t i o n s y s t e m d e s i g n ;
(F ) D e s i g n c o d e s a n d s t a n d a r d s e m -
ploy ed;
(G ) M a t e r i a l a n d e n e r g y b a l a n c e s fo r
p r o c e s s e s b u i l t a ft e r M a y 26, 1992; a n d ,
(H ) S a fe t y s y s t e m s (e .g . i n t e r l o c k s ,
d e t e c t i o n o r s u p p r e s s i o n s y s t e m s ).
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d o c u m e n t
t h a t equ ipm en t com plies wit h r ecog-
n i ze d a n d g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d g o o d e n g i -
n eer in g pr a ct ices.
(i i i ) F o r e x i s t i n g e q u i p m e n t d e s i g n e d
a n d con st r u ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
codes, st a n da r ds, or pr a ct ices t h a t a r e
n o lon ger in gen er a l u se, t h e em ploy er
sh a ll det er m in e a n d docu m en t t h a t t h e
equ ipm en t is design ed, m a in t a in ed, in -
s p e c t e d , t e s t e d , a n d o p e r a t i n g i n a s a fe
m a n n er .
(e ) P rocess h a z a rd a n a ly sis. (1) T h e
e m p l o y e r s h a l l p e r fo r m a n i n i t i a l p r o c -
e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s (h a za r d e v a l u a t i o n )
on pr ocesses cover ed by t h is st a n da r d.
T h e p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s s h a l l b e
a ppr opr ia t e t o t h e com plexit y of t h e
p r o c e s s a n d s h a l l i d e n t i fy , e v a l u a t e ,
a n d c o n t r o l t h e h a za r d s i n v o l v e d i n t h e
pr ocess. E m ploy er s sh a ll det er m in e a n d
d o c u m e n t t h e p r i o r i t y o r d e r fo r c o n -
d u c t i n g p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s e s b a s e d
on a r a t ion a le wh ich in clu des su ch con -
sider a t ion s a s ext en t of t h e pr ocess
h a za r d s , n u m b e r o f p o t e n t i a l l y a ffe c t e d
em ploy ees, a ge of t h e pr ocess, a n d op-
er a t in g h ist or y of t h e pr ocess. T h e
p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s s h a l l b e c o n -
du ct ed a s soon a s possible, bu t n ot
l a t e r t h a n t h e fo l l o w i n g s c h e d u l e :
(i ) N o l e s s t h a n 25 p e r c e n t o f t h e i n i -
t i a l p r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s e s s h a l l b e
c o m p l e t e d b y M a y 26, 1994;
(i i ) N o l e s s t h a n 50 p e r c e n t o f t h e i n i -
t i a l p r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s e s s h a l l b e
c o m p l e t e d b y M a y 26, 1995;
(i i i ) N o l e s s t h a n 75 p e r c e n t o f t h e
i n i t i a l p r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s e s s h a l l
b e c o m p l e t e d b y M a y 26, 1996;
(i v ) A l l i n i t i a l p r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l -
y s e s s h a l l b e c o m p l e t e d b y M a y 26, 1997.
(v ) P r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s e s c o m -
p l e t e d a ft e r M a y 26, 1987 w h i c h m e e t
t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph a r e
a c c e p t a b l e a s i n i t i a l p r o c e s s h a za r d s
a n a l y s e s . T h e s e p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l -
y ses sh a ll be u pda t ed a n d r eva lida t ed,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ba sed on t h eir com plet ion da t e, in a c-
349
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00359 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (e )(6) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l u s e o n e o r
m o r e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d o l o g i e s
t h a t a r e a ppr opr ia t e t o det er m in e a n d
e v a l u a t e t h e h a za r d s o f t h e p r o c e s s
b e i n g a n a l y ze d .
(i ) Wh a t -I f;
(i i ) Ch e c k l i s t ;
(i i i ) Wh a t -I f/Ch e c k l i s t ;
(i v ) H a za r d a n d Op e r a b i l i t y S t u d y
(H A Z OP ):
(v ) F a i l u r e M o d e a n d E ffe c t s A n a l y s i s
(F M E A );
(v i ) F a u l t T r e e A n a l y s i s ; o r
(v i i ) A n a p p r o p r i a t e e q u i v a l e n t m e t h -
odology .
(3) T h e p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s s h a l l
a ddr ess:
(i ) T h e h a za r d s o f t h e p r o c e s s ;
(i i ) T h e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f a n y p r e v i o u s
in ciden t wh ich h a d a lik ely pot en t ia l
fo r c a t a s t r o p h i c c o n s e q u e n c e s i n t h e
wor k pla ce;
(i i i ) E n g i n e e r i n g a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e
c o n t r o l s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e h a za r d s a n d
t h eir in t er r ela t ion sh ips su ch a s a ppr o-
pr ia t e a pplica t ion of det ect ion m et h -
odologies t o pr ovide ea r ly wa r n in g of
r e l e a s e s . (A c c e p t a b l e d e t e c t i o n m e t h -
ods m igh t in clu de pr ocess m on it or in g
a n d con t r ol in st r u m en t a t ion wit h
a la r m s, a n d det ect ion h a r dwa r e su ch a s
h y d r o c a r b o n s e n s o r s .);
(i v ) Co n s e q u e n c e s o f fa i l u r e o f e n g i -
n eer in g a n d a dm in ist r a t ive con t r ols;
(v ) F a c i l i t y s i t i n g ;
(v i ) H u m a n fa c t o r s ; a n d
(v i i ) A q u a l i t a t i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f a
r a n g e o f t h e p o s s i b l e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
e ffe c t s o f fa i l u r e o f c o n t r o l s o n e m p l o y -
ees in t h e wor k pla ce.
(4) T h e p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s s h a l l
b e p e r fo r m e d b y a t e a m w i t h e x p e r t i s e
in en gin eer in g a n d pr ocess oper a t ion s,
a n d t h e t ea m sh a ll in clu de a t lea st on e
em ploy ee wh o h a s exper ien ce a n d
k n o w l e d g e s p e c i fi c t o t h e p r o c e s s b e i n g
eva lu a t ed. Also, on e m em ber of t h e
t ea m m u st be k n owledgea ble in t h e
s p e c i fi c p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s m e t h -
odology bein g u sed.
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a
s y s t e m t o p r o m p t l y a d d r e s s t h e t e a m ’s
fi n d i n g s a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s ; a s s u r e
t h a t t h e r ecom m en da t ion s a r e r esolved
in a t im ely m a n n er a n d t h a t t h e r eso-
lu t ion is docu m en t ed; docu m en t wh a t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119
a ct ion s a r e t o be t a k en ; com plet e a c-
t ion s a s soon a s possible; develop a
wr it t en sch edu le of wh en t h ese a ct ion s
a r e t o be com plet ed; com m u n ica t e t h e
a ct ion s t o oper a t in g, m a in t en a n ce a n d
ot h er em ploy ees wh ose wor k a ssign -
m en t s a r e in t h e pr ocess a n d wh o m a y
b e a ffe c t e d b y t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s o r
a ct ion s.
(6) A t l e a s t e v e r y fi v e (5) y e a r s a ft e r
t h e com plet ion of t h e in it ia l pr ocess
h a za r d a n a l y s i s , t h e p r o c e s s h a za r d
a n a ly sis sh a ll be u pda t ed a n d r eva li-
da t ed by a t ea m m eet in g t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(4) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n , t o a s s u r e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s h a za r d
a n a ly sis is con sist en t wit h t h e cu r r en t
pr ocess.
(7) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l r e t a i n p r o c e s s
h a za r d s a n a l y s e s a n d u p d a t e s o r r e -
v a l i d a t i o n s fo r e a c h p r o c e s s c o v e r e d b y
t h is sect ion , a s well a s t h e docu m en t ed
r esolu t ion of r ecom m en da t ion s de-
s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(5) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n fo r t h e l i fe o f t h e p r o c e s s .
(f) O p era t in g p roced u res (1) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t
wr it t en oper a t in g pr ocedu r es t h a t pr o-
v i d e c l e a r i n s t r u c t i o n s fo r s a fe l y c o n -
du ct in g a ct ivit ies in volved in ea ch cov-
er ed pr ocess con sist en t wit h t h e pr oc-
e s s s a fe t y i n fo r m a t i o n a n d s h a l l a d -
d r e s s a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s .
(i ) S t ep s f or ea ch op era t in g p h a se:
(A ) I n i t i a l s t a r t u p ;
(B ) N o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s ;
(C) T e m p o r a r y o p e r a t i o n s ;
(D ) E m e r g e n c y s h u t d o w n i n c l u d i n g
t h e con dit ion s u n der wh ich em er gen cy
sh u t down is r equ ir ed, a n d t h e a ssign -
m en t of sh u t down r espon sibilit y t o
q u a l i fi e d o p e r a t o r s t o e n s u r e t h a t
em er gen cy sh u t down is execu t ed in a
s a fe a n d t i m e l y m a n n e r .
(E ) E m e r g e n c y Op e r a t i o n s ;
(F ) N o r m a l s h u t d o w n ; a n d ,
(G ) S t a r t u p fo l l o w i n g a t u r n a r o u n d ,
o r a ft e r a n e m e r g e n c y s h u t d o w n .
(i i ) O p era t in g lim it s:
(A ) Co n s e q u e n c e s o f d e v i a t i o n ; a n d
(B ) S t e p s r e q u i r e d t o c o r r e c t o r a v o i d
devia t ion .
(i i i ) S a f et y a n d h ea lt h con sid era t ion s:
(A ) P r o p e r t i e s o f, a n d h a za r d s p r e -
sen t ed by , t h e ch em ica ls u sed in t h e
pr ocess;
(B ) P r e c a u t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
exposu r e, in clu din g en gin eer in g con -
350
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t r ols, a dm in ist r a t ive con t r ols, a n d per -
son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t ;
(C) Co n t r o l m e a s u r e s t o b e t a k e n i f
ph y sica l con t a ct or a ir bor n e exposu r e
occu r s;
(D ) Qu a l i t y c o n t r o l fo r r a w m a t e r i a l s
a n d c o n t r o l o f h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l i n -
ven t or y levels; a n d,
(E ) A n y s p e c i a l o r u n i q u e h a za r d s .
(i v ) S a f et y sy st em s a n d t h eir f u n ct ion s.
(2) Op e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l b e
r ea dily a ccessible t o em ploy ees wh o
wor k in or m a in t a in a pr ocess.
(3) T h e o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l b e
r e v i e w e d a s o ft e n a s n e c e s s a r y t o a s -
s u r e t h a t t h e y r e fl e c t c u r r e n t o p e r -
a t in g pr a ct ice, in clu din g ch a n ges t h a t
r e s u l t fr o m c h a n g e s i n p r o c e s s c h e m i -
ca ls, t ech n ology , a n d equ ipm en t , a n d
c h a n g e s t o fa c i l i t i e s . T h e e m p l o y e r
s h a l l c e r t i fy a n n u a l l y t h a t t h e s e o p e r -
a t in g pr ocedu r es a r e cu r r en t a n d a ccu -
r a t e.
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e v e l o p a n d
i m p l e m e n t s a fe w o r k p r a c t i c e s t o p r o -
v i d e fo r t h e c o n t r o l o f h a za r d s d u r i n g
o p e r a t i o n s s u c h a s l o c k o u t /t a g o u t ; c o n -
fi n e d s p a c e e n t r y ; o p e n i n g p r o c e s s
equ ipm en t or pipin g; a n d con t r ol over
e n t r a n c e i n t o a fa c i l i t y b y m a i n t e -
n a n ce, con t r a ct or , la bor a t or y , or ot h er
s u p p o r t p e r s o n n e l . T h e s e s a fe w o r k
pr a ct ices sh a ll a pply t o em ploy ees a n d
con t r a ct or em ploy ees.
(g ) T ra in in g—(1) I n it ia l t ra in in g. (i )
E a ch em ploy ee pr esen t ly in volved in
oper a t in g a pr ocess, a n d ea ch em ploy ee
b e fo r e b e i n g i n v o l v e d i n o p e r a t i n g a
n ewly a ssign ed pr ocess, sh a ll be
t r a in ed in a n over view of t h e pr ocess
a n d in t h e oper a t in g pr ocedu r es a s
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion . T h e t r a in in g sh a ll in clu de em ph a -
s i s o n t h e s p e c i fi c s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
h a za r d s , e m e r g e n c y o p e r a t i o n s i n c l u d -
i n g s h u t d o w n , a n d s a fe w o r k p r a c t i c e s
a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e e m p l o y e e ’s j o b t a s k s .
(i i ) I n l i e u o f i n i t i a l t r a i n i n g fo r
t h ose em ploy ees a lr ea dy in volved in
o p e r a t i n g a p r o c e s s o n M a y 26, 1992, a n
e m p l o y e r m a y c e r t i fy i n w r i t i n g t h a t
t h e em ploy ee h a s t h e r equ ir ed k n owl-
e d g e , s k i l l s , a n d a b i l i t i e s t o s a fe l y
ca r r y ou t t h e du t ies a n d r espon sibil-
i t i e s a s s p e c i fi e d i n t h e o p e r a t i n g p r o -
cedu r es.
(2) R ef resh er t ra in in g. R e fr e s h e r t r a i n -
in g sh a ll be pr ovided a t lea st ever y
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h r e e y e a r s , a n d m o r e o ft e n i f n e c -
essa r y , t o ea ch em ploy ee in volved in
oper a t in g a pr ocess t o a ssu r e t h a t t h e
em ploy ee u n der st a n ds a n d a dh er es t o
t h e cu r r en t oper a t in g pr ocedu r es of t h e
pr ocess. T h e em ploy er , in con su lt a t ion
wit h t h e em ploy ees in volved in oper -
a t in g t h e pr ocess, sh a ll det er m in e t h e
a p p r o p r i a t e fr e q u e n c y o f r e fr e s h e r
t r a in in g.
(3) T ra in in g d ocu m en t a t ion . T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll a scer t a in t h a t ea ch em -
ploy ee in volved in oper a t in g a pr ocess
h a s r eceived a n d u n der st ood t h e t r a in -
in g r equ ir ed by t h is pa r a gr a ph . T h e
em ploy er sh a ll pr epa r e a r ecor d wh ich
con t a in s t h e iden t it y of t h e em ploy ee,
t h e da t e of t r a in in g, a n d t h e m ea n s
u s e d t o v e r i fy t h a t t h e e m p l o y e e u n d e r -
st ood t h e t r a in in g.
(h ) Con t ra ct ors—(1) A p p lica t ion . T h i s
pa r a gr a ph a pplies t o con t r a ct or s per -
fo r m i n g m a i n t e n a n c e o r r e p a i r , t u r n -
a r ou n d, m a jor r en ova t ion , or specia lt y
wor k on or a dja cen t t o a cover ed pr oc-
ess. It does n ot a pply t o con t r a ct or s
pr ovidin g in ciden t a l ser vices wh ich do
n o t i n fl u e n c e p r o c e s s s a fe t y , s u c h a s
j a n i t o r i a l w o r k , fo o d a n d d r i n k s e r v -
ices, la u n dr y , deliver y or ot h er su pply
ser vices.
(2) E m p loy er resp on sibilit ies. (i ) T h e
em ploy er , wh en select in g a con t r a ct or ,
s h a l l o b t a i n a n d e v a l u a t e i n fo r m a t i o n
r e g a r d i n g t h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe -
t y p e r fo r m a n c e a n d p r o g r a m s .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i n fo r m c o n -
t r a ct em ploy er s of t h e k n own pot en t ia l
fi r e , e x p l o s i o n , o r t o x i c r e l e a s e h a za r d s
r e l a t e d t o t h e c o n t r a c t o r ’s w o r k a n d
t h e pr ocess.
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e x p l a i n t o
con t r a ct em ploy er s t h e a pplica ble pr o-
vision s of t h e em er gen cy a ct ion pla n
r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (n ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e v e l o p a n d
i m p l e m e n t s a fe w o r k p r a c t i c e s c o n -
s i s t e n t w i t h p a r a g r a p h (f)(4) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion , t o con t r ol t h e en t r a n ce, pr esen ce
a n d exit of con t r a ct em ploy er s a n d
con t r a ct em ploy ees in cover ed pr ocess
a r ea s.
(v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p e r i o d i c a l l y
e v a l u a t e t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f c o n t r a c t
e m p l o y e r s i n fu l fi l l i n g t h e i r o b l i g a -
t i o n s a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (h )(3) o f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h is sect ion .
351
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00361 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
(v i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l m a i n t a i n a
con t r a ct em ploy ee in ju r y a n d illn ess
l o g r e l a t e d t o t h e c o n t r a c t o r ’s w o r k i n
pr ocess a r ea s.
(3) Con t ra ct em p loy er resp on sibilit ies.
(i ) T h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e
t h a t ea ch con t r a ct em ploy ee is t r a in ed
i n t h e w o r k p r a c t i c e s n e c e s s a r y t o s a fe -
l y p e r fo r m h i s /h e r j o b .
(i i ) T h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s -
su r e t h a t ea ch con t r a ct em ploy ee is in -
s t r u c t e d i n t h e k n o w n p o t e n t i a l fi r e ,
e x p l o s i o n , o r t o x i c r e l e a s e h a za r d s r e -
l a t e d t o h i s /h e r j o b a n d t h e p r o c e s s ,
a n d t h e a pplica ble pr ovision s of t h e
em er gen cy a ct ion pla n .
(i i i ) T h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r s h a l l d o c -
u m en t t h a t ea ch con t r a ct em ploy ee
h a s r eceived a n d u n der st ood t h e t r a in -
in g r equ ir ed by t h is pa r a gr a ph . T h e
con t r a ct em ploy er sh a ll pr epa r e a
r ecor d wh ich con t a in s t h e iden t it y of
t h e con t r a ct em ploy ee, t h e da t e of
t r a i n i n g , a n d t h e m e a n s u s e d t o v e r i fy
t h a t t h e em ploy ee u n der st ood t h e
t r a in in g.
(i v ) T h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s -
s u r e t h a t e a c h c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e e fo l -
l o w s t h e s a fe t y r u l e s o f t h e fa c i l i t y i n -
c l u d i n g t h e s a fe w o r k p r a c t i c e s r e -
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (f)(4) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(v ) T h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r s h a l l a d -
v i s e t h e e m p l o y e r o f a n y u n i q u e h a z-
a r ds pr esen t ed by t h e con t r a ct em ploy -
e r ’s w o r k , o r o f a n y h a za r d s fo u n d b y
t h e c o n t r a c t e m p l o y e r ’s w o r k .
(i ) P re-st a rt u p sa f et y rev iew . (1) T h e
e m p l o y e r s h a l l p e r fo r m a p r e -s t a r t u p
s a fe t y r e v i e w fo r n e w fa c i l i t i e s a n d fo r
m o d i fi e d fa c i l i t i e s w h e n t h e m o d i fi c a -
t i o n i s s i g n i fi c a n t e n o u g h t o r e q u i r e a
c h a n g e i n t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y i n fo r m a -
t ion .
(2) T h e p r e -s t a r t u p s a fe t y r e v i e w
s h a l l c o n fi r m t h a t p r i o r t o t h e i n t r o -
d u c t i o n o f h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s
t o a pr ocess:
(i ) Co n s t r u c t i o n a n d e q u i p m e n t i s i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h d e s i g n s p e c i fi c a t i o n s ;
(i i ) S a fe t y , o p e r a t i n g , m a i n t e n a n c e ,
a n d em er gen cy pr ocedu r es a r e in pla ce
a n d a r e a dequ a t e;
(i i i ) F o r n e w fa c i l i t i e s , a p r o c e s s h a z-
a r d a n a l y s i s h a s b e e n p e r fo r m e d a n d
r ecom m en da t ion s h a ve been r esolved
o r i m p l e m e n t e d b e fo r e s t a r t u p ; a n d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119
m o d i fi e d fa c i l i t i e s m e e t t h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s con t a in ed in m a n a gem en t of
c h a n g e , p a r a g r a p h (l ).
(i v ) T r a i n i n g o f e a c h e m p l o y e e i n -
volved in oper a t in g a pr ocess h a s been
com plet ed.
(j ) M ech a n ica l in t egrit y —(1) A p p lica -
t ion . P a r a g r a p h s (j )(2) t h r o u g h (j )(6) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l y t o t h e fo l l o w i n g
pr ocess equ ipm en t :
(i ) P r e s s u r e v e s s e l s a n d s t o r a g e
t a n k s;
(i i ) P i p i n g s y s t e m s (i n c l u d i n g p i p i n g
c o m p o n e n t s s u c h a s v a l v e s );
(i i i ) R e l i e f a n d v e n t s y s t e m s a n d d e -
vices;
(i v ) E m e r g e n c y s h u t d o w n s y s t e m s ;
(v ) Co n t r o l s (i n c l u d i n g m o n i t o r i n g
devices a n d sen sor s, a la r m s, a n d in t er -
lock s) a n d,
(v i ) P u m p s .
(2) W rit t en p roced u res. T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll est a blish a n d im plem en t wr it t en
p r o c e d u r e s t o m a i n t a i n t h e o n -g o i n g
in t egr it y of pr ocess equ ipm en t .
(3) T ra in in g f or p rocess m a in t en a n ce
a ct iv it ies. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l t r a i n e a c h
em ploy ee in volved in m a in t a in in g t h e
o n -g o i n g i n t e g r i t y o f p r o c e s s e q u i p -
m en t in a n over view of t h a t pr ocess
a n d i t s h a za r d s a n d i n t h e p r o c e d u r e s
a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e e m p l o y e e ’s j o b t a s k s
t o a ssu r e t h a t t h e em ploy ee ca n per -
fo r m t h e j o b t a s k s i n a s a fe m a n n e r .
(4) I n sp ect ion a n d t est in g. (i ) I n s p e c -
t i o n s a n d t e s t s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d o n
pr ocess equ ipm en t .
(i i ) I n s p e c t i o n a n d t e s t i n g p r o c e d u r e s
s h a l l fo l l o w r e c o g n i ze d a n d g e n e r a l l y
a ccept ed good en gin eer in g pr a ct ices.
(i i i ) T h e fr e q u e n c y o f i n s p e c t i o n s a n d
t est s of pr ocess equ ipm en t sh a ll be con -
s i s t e n t w i t h a p p l i c a b l e m a n u fa c t u r e r s ’
r ecom m en da t ion s a n d good en gin eer in g
p r a c t i c e s , a n d m o r e fr e q u e n t l y i f d e t e r -
m in ed t o be n ecessa r y by pr ior oper -
a t in g exper ien ce.
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d o c u m e n t
ea ch in spect ion a n d t est t h a t h a s been
p e r fo r m e d o n p r o c e s s e q u i p m e n t . T h e
d o c u m e n t a t i o n s h a l l i d e n t i fy t h e d a t e
of t h e in spect ion or t est , t h e n a m e of
t h e p e r s o n w h o p e r fo r m e d t h e i n s p e c -
t ion or t est , t h e ser ia l n u m ber or ot h er
i d e n t i fi e r o f t h e e q u i p m e n t o n w h i c h
t h e i n s p e c t i o n o r t e s t w a s p e r fo r m e d , a
descr ipt ion of t h e in spect ion or t est
p e r fo r m e d , a n d t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e i n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
spect ion or t est .
352
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(5) E qu ip m en t d ef icien cies. T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l c o r r e c t d e fi c i e n c i e s i n
equ ipm en t t h a t a r e ou t side a ccept a ble
l i m i t s (d e fi n e d b y t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y i n -
fo r m a t i o n i n p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n ) b e fo r e fu r t h e r u s e o r i n a s a fe a n d
t im ely m a n n er wh en n ecessa r y m ea n s
a r e t a k e n t o a s s u r e s a fe o p e r a t i o n .
(6) Q u a lit y a ssu ra n ce. (i ) I n t h e c o n -
st r u ct ion of n ew pla n t s a n d equ ipm en t ,
t h e em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t equ ip-
m e n t a s i t i s fa b r i c a t e d i s s u i t a b l e fo r
t h e p r o c e s s a p p l i c a t i o n fo r w h i c h t h e y
will be u sed.
(i i ) A p p r o p r i a t e c h e c k s a n d i n s p e c -
t i o n s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d t o a s s u r e t h a t
equ ipm en t is in st a lled pr oper ly a n d
c o n s i s t e n t w i t h d e s i g n s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
a n d t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s i n s t r u c t i o n s .
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
m a in t en a n ce m a t er ia ls, spa r e pa r t s a n d
e q u i p m e n t a r e s u i t a b l e fo r t h e p r o c e s s
a p p l i c a t i o n fo r w h i c h t h e y w i l l b e u s e d .
(k ) H ot w ork p erm it . (1) T h e e m p l o y e r
s h a l l i s s u e a h o t w o r k p e r m i t fo r h o t
wor k oper a t ion s con du ct ed on or n ea r a
cover ed pr ocess.
(2) T h e p e r m i t s h a l l d o c u m e n t t h a t
t h e fi r e p r e v e n t i o n a n d p r o t e c t i o n r e -
q u i r e m e n t s i n 29 CF R 1910.252(a ) h a v e
been im plem en t ed pr ior t o begin n in g
t h e h ot wor k oper a t ion s; it sh a ll in di-
c a t e t h e d a t e (s ) a u t h o r i ze d fo r h o t
w o r k ; a n d i d e n t i fy t h e o b j e c t o n w h i c h
h o t w o r k i s t o b e p e r fo r m e d . T h e p e r -
m i t s h a l l b e k e p t o n fi l e u n t i l c o m p l e -
t ion of t h e h ot wor k oper a t ion s.
(l ) M a n a gem en t of ch a n ge. (1) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll est a blish a n d im plem en t
wr it t en pr ocedu r es t o m a n a ge ch a n ges
(e x c e p t fo r ‘‘r e p l a c e m e n t s i n k i n d ’’) t o
pr ocess ch em ica ls, t ech n ology , equ ip-
m en t , a n d pr ocedu r es; a n d, ch a n ges t o
fa c i l i t i e s t h a t a ffe c t a c o v e r e d p r o c e s s .
(2) T h e p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e a d -
dr essed pr ior t o a n y ch a n ge:
(i ) T h e t e c h n i c a l b a s i s fo r t h e p r o -
posed ch a n ge;
(i i ) I m p a c t o f c h a n g e o n s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h ;
(i i i ) M o d i fi c a t i o n s t o o p e r a t i n g p r o -
cedu r es;
(i v ) N e c e s s a r y t i m e p e r i o d fo r t h e
ch a n ge; a n d,
(v ) A u t h o r i za t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
t h e pr oposed ch a n ge.
(3) E m p l o y e e s i n v o l v e d i n o p e r a t i n g a
pr ocess a n d m a in t en a n ce a n d con t r a ct
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
e m p l o y e e s w h o s e j o b t a s k s w i l l b e a f-
fe c t e d b y a c h a n g e i n t h e p r o c e s s s h a l l
b e i n fo r m e d o f, a n d t r a i n e d i n , t h e
c h a n g e p r i o r t o s t a r t -u p o f t h e p r o c e s s
o r a ffe c t e d p a r t o f t h e p r o c e s s .
(4) I f a c h a n g e c o v e r e d b y t h i s p a r a -
gr a ph r esu lt s in a ch a n ge in t h e pr ocess
s a fe t y i n fo r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d b y p a r a -
g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s u c h i n fo r m a -
t ion sh a ll be u pda t ed a ccor din gly .
(5) I f a c h a n g e c o v e r e d b y t h i s p a r a -
gr a ph r esu lt s in a ch a n ge in t h e oper -
a t in g pr ocedu r es or pr a ct ices r equ ir ed
b y p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s u c h
pr ocedu r es or pr a ct ices sh a ll be u p-
da t ed a ccor din gly .
(m ) I n cid en t in v est iga t ion . (1) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll in vest iga t e ea ch in ciden t
wh ich r esu lt ed in , or cou ld r ea son a bly
h a ve r esu lt ed in a ca t a st r oph ic r elea se
o f h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l i n t h e
wor k pla ce.
(2) A n i n c i d e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n s h a l l b e
in it ia t ed a s pr om pt ly a s possible, bu t
n o t l a t e r t h a n 48 h o u r s fo l l o w i n g t h e
in ciden t .
(3) A n i n c i d e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n t e a m
sh a ll be est a blish ed a n d con sist of a t
lea st on e per son k n owledgea ble in t h e
pr ocess in volved, in clu din g a con t r a ct
em ploy ee if t h e in ciden t in volved wor k
of t h e con t r a ct or , a n d ot h er per son s
wit h a ppr opr ia t e k n owledge a n d exper i-
en ce t o t h or ou gh ly in vest iga t e a n d
a n a l y ze t h e i n c i d e n t .
(4) A r e p o r t s h a l l b e p r e p a r e d a t t h e
con clu sion of t h e in vest iga t ion wh ich
in clu des a t a m in im u m :
(i ) D a t e o f i n c i d e n t ;
(i i ) D a t e i n v e s t i g a t i o n b e g a n ;
(i i i ) A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e i n c i d e n t ;
(i v ) T h e fa c t o r s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e d t o
t h e in ciden t ; a n d,
(v ) A n y r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s r e s u l t i n g
fr o m t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n .
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a
sy st em t o pr om pt ly a ddr ess a n d r esolve
t h e i n c i d e n t r e p o r t fi n d i n g s a n d r e c -
om m en da t ion s. R esolu t ion s a n d cor r ec-
t ive a ct ion s sh a ll be docu m en t ed.
(6) T h e r e p o r t s h a l l b e r e v i e w e d w i t h
a l l a ffe c t e d p e r s o n n e l w h o s e j o b t a s k s
a r e r e l e v a n t t o t h e i n c i d e n t fi n d i n g s i n -
clu din g con t r a ct em ploy ees wh er e a p-
plica ble.
(7) I n c i d e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n r e p o r t s
s h a l l b e r e t a i n e d fo r fi v e y e a r s .
(n ) E m ergen cy p la n n in g a n d resp on se.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
T h e em ploy er sh a ll est a blish a n d im -
353
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00363 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
p l e m e n t a n e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n fo r
t h e en t ir e pla n t in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f 29 CF R 1910.38. I n a d d i -
t ion , t h e em er gen cy a ct ion pla n sh a ll
i n c l u d e p r o c e d u r e s fo r h a n d l i n g s m a l l
r elea ses. E m ploy er s cover ed u n der t h is
st a n da r d m a y a lso be su bject t o t h e
h a za r d o u s w a s t e a n d e m e r g e n c y r e -
s p o n s e p r o v i s i o n s c o n t a i n e d i n 29 CF R
1910.120 (a ), (p ) a n d (q ).
(o ) Com p lia n ce A u d it s. (1) E m p l o y e r s
s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t t h e y h a v e e v a l u a t e d
com plia n ce wit h t h e pr ovision s of t h is
sect ion a t lea st ever y t h r ee y ea r s t o
v e r i fy t h a t t h e p r o c e d u r e s a n d p r a c -
t ices developed u n der t h e st a n da r d a r e
a d e q u a t e a n d a r e b e i n g fo l l o w e d .
(2) T h e c o m p l i a n c e a u d i t s h a l l b e
con du ct ed by a t lea st on e per son
k n owledgea ble in t h e pr ocess.
(3) A r e p o r t o f t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h e
a u dit sh a ll be developed.
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o m p t l y d e -
t er m in e a n d docu m en t a n a ppr opr ia t e
r e s p o n s e t o e a c h o f t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h e
com plia n ce a u dit , a n d docu m en t t h a t
d e fi c i e n c i e s h a v e b e e n c o r r e c t e d .
(5) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l r e t a i n t h e t w o (2)
m ost r ecen t com plia n ce a u dit r epor t s.
(p ) T ra d e secret s. (1) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l
m a k e a l l i n fo r m a t i o n n e c e s s a r y t o
com ply wit h t h e sect ion a va ila ble t o
t h o s e p e r s o n s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r c o m p i l i n g
t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y i n fo r m a t i o n (r e -
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ),
t h ose a ssist in g in t h e developm en t of
t h e p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s (r e q u i r e d
b y p a r a g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ), t h o s e
r e s p o n s i b l e fo r d e v e l o p i n g t h e o p e r -
a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s (r e q u i r e d b y p a r a -
g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ), a n d t h o s e i n -
v o l v e d i n i n c i d e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n s (r e -
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (m ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n ), e m e r g e n c y p l a n n i n g a n d r e s p o n s e
(p a r a g r a p h (n ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ) a n d c o m -
p l i a n c e a u d i t s (p a r a g r a p h (o ) o f t h i s
sect ion ) wit h ou t r ega r d t o possible
t r a d e s e c r e t s t a t u s o f s u c h i n fo r m a -
t ion .
(2) N o t h i n g i n t h i s p a r a g r a p h s h a l l
p r e c l u d e t h e e m p l o y e r fr o m r e q u i r i n g
t h e p e r s o n s t o w h o m t h e i n fo r m a t i o n i s
m a d e a v a i l a b l e u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (p )(1)
o f t h i s s e c t i o n t o e n t e r i n t o c o n fi d e n -
t ia lit y a gr eem en t s n ot t o disclose t h e
i n fo r m a t i o n a s s e t fo r t h i n 29 CF R
1910.1200.
(3) S u b j e c t t o t h e r u l e s a n d p r o c e -
d u r e s s e t fo r t h i n 29 CF R 1910.1200(i )(1)
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

t h r o u g h 1910.1200(i )(12), e m p l o y e e s a n d CHEMICAL name CAS* TQ**

t h eir design a t ed r epr esen t a t ives sh a ll
Dimethylhydrazine, 1,1- ....................... 57–14–7 1000
h a v e a c c e s s t o t r a d e s e c r e t i n fo r m a t i o n Dimethylamine, Anhydrous ................. 124–40–3 2500
c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n t h e p r o c e s s h a za r d 2,4-Dinitroaniline .................................. 97–02–9 5000
a n a ly sis a n d ot h er docu m en t s r equ ir ed Ethyl Methyl Ketone Peroxide (also
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide; con-
t o be developed by t h is st a n da r d. centration >60%) .............................. 1338–23–4 5000
Ethyl Nitrite .......................................... 109–95–5 5000
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.119—L I S T OF H I G H L Y
Ethylamine ........................................... 75–04–7 7500
H A Z A R D OU S C H E M I CA L S , T OX I CS AND
Ethylene Fluorohydrin ......................... 371–62–0 100
R E A CT I V E S (M A N D A T OR Y ) Ethylene Oxide .................................... 75–21–8 5000
T h is a ppen dix con t a in s a list in g of t oxic Ethyleneimine ...................................... 151–56–4 1000
Fluorine ................................................ 7782–41–4 1000
a n d r e a c t i v e h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s
Formaldehyde (Formalin) .................... 50–00–0 1000
w h i c h p r e s e n t a p o t e n t i a l fo r a c a t a s t r o p h i c Furan ................................................... 110–00–9 500
even t a t or a bove t h e t h r esh old qu a n t it y . Hexafluoroacetone .............................. 684–16–2 5000
Hydrochloric Acid, Anhydrous ............. 7647–01–0 5000
CHEMICAL name CAS* TQ** Hydrofluoric Acid, Anhydrous .............. 7664–39–3 1000
Hydrogen Bromide .............................. 10035–10–6 5000
Acetaldehyde ....................................... 75–07–0 2500 Hydrogen Chloride .............................. 7647–01–0 5000
Acrolein (2-Propenal) .......................... 107–02–8 150
Hydrogen Cyanide, Anhydrous ........... 74–90–8 1000
Acrylyl Chloride ................................... 814–68–6 250
Hydrogen Fluoride ............................... 7664–39–3 1000
Allyl Chloride ....................................... 107–05–1 1000
Hydrogen Peroxide (52% by weight or
Allylamine ............................................ 107–11–9 1000
greater) ............................................ 7722–84–1 7500
Alkylaluminums .................................... Varies 5000
Hydrogen Selenide .............................. 7783–07–5 150
Ammonia, Anhydrous .......................... 7664–41–7 10000
Ammonia solutions (>44% ammonia Hydrogen Sulfide ................................. 7783–06–4 1500
by weight) ........................................ 7664–41–7 15000 Hydroxylamine ..................................... 7803–49–8 2500
Ammonium Perchlorate ....................... 7790–98–9 7500 Iron, Pentacarbonyl ............................. 13463–40–6 250
Ammonium Permanganate .................. 7787–36–2 7500 Isopropylamine .................................... 75–31–0 5000
Arsine (also called Arsenic Hydride) ... 7784–42–1 100 Ketene ................................................. 463–51–4 100
Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether ...................... 542–88–1 100 Methacrylaldehyde .............................. 78–85–3 1000
Boron Trichloride ................................. 10294–34–5 2500 Methacryloyl Chloride .......................... 920–46–7 150
Boron Trifluoride .................................. 7637–07–2 250 Methacryloyloxyethyl Isocyanate ......... 30674–80–7 100
Bromine ............................................... 7726–95–6 1500 Methyl Acrylonitrile .............................. 126–98–7 250
Bromine Chloride ................................. 13863–41–7 1500 Methylamine, Anhydrous ..................... 74–89–5 1000
Bromine Pentafluoride ......................... 7789–30–2 2500 Methyl Bromide ................................... 74–83–9 2500
Bromine Trifluoride .............................. 7787–71–5 15000 Methyl Chloride ................................... 74–87–3 15000
3–Bromopropyne (also called Pro- Methyl Chloroformate .......................... 79–22–1 500
pargyl Bromide) ............................... 106–96–7 100 Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (con-
Butyl Hydroperoxide (Tertiary) ............ 75–91–2 5000 centration >60%) .............................. 1338–23–4 5000
Butyl Perbenzoate (Tertiary) ............... 614–45–9 7500 Methyl Fluoroacetate ........................... 453–18–9 100
Carbonyl Chloride (see Phosgene) ..... 75–44–5 100 Methyl Fluorosulfate ............................ 421–20–5 100
Carbonyl Fluoride ................................ 353–50–4 2500 Methyl Hydrazine ................................. 60–34–4 100
Cellulose Nitrate (concentration Methyl Iodide ....................................... 74–88–4 7500
>12.6% nitrogen ............................... 9004–70–0 2500 Methyl Isocyanate ............................... 624–83–9 250
Chlorine ............................................... 7782–50–5 1500 Methyl Mercaptan ................................ 74–93–1 5000
Chlorine Dioxide .................................. 10049–04–4 1000 Methyl Vinyl Ketone ............................ 79–84–4 100
Chlorine Pentrafluoride ........................ 13637–63–3 1000 Methyltrichlorosilane ............................ 75–79–6 500
Chlorine Trifluoride .............................. 7790–91–2 1000 Nickel Carbonly (Nickel Tetracarbonyl) 13463–39–3 150
Chlorodiethylaluminum (also called Nitric Acid (94.5% by weight or great-
Diethylaluminum Chloride) ............... 96–10–6 5000 er) ..................................................... 7697–37–2 500
1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene ............... 97–00–7 5000 Nitric Oxide .......................................... 10102–43–9 250
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether .................. 107–30–2 500 Nitroaniline (para Nitroaniline .............. 100–01–6 5000
Chloropicrin ......................................... 76–06–2 500 Nitromethane ....................................... 75–52–5 2500
Chloropicrin and Methyl Bromide mix- Nitrogen Dioxide .................................. 10102–44–0 250
ture ................................................... None 1500 Nitrogen Oxides (NO; NO2; N204;
Chloropicrin and Methyl Chloride mix- N203) ............................................... 10102–44–0 250
ture ................................................... None 1500 Nitrogen Tetroxide (also called Nitro-
Cumene Hydroperoxide ...................... 80–15–9 5000 gen Peroxide) .................................. 10544–72–6 250
Cyanogen ............................................ 460–19–5 2500 Nitrogen Trifluoride .............................. 7783–54–2 5000
Cyanogen Chloride .............................. 506–77–4 500 Nitrogen Trioxide ................................. 10544–73–7 250
Cyanuric Fluoride ................................ 675–14–9 100 Oleum (65% to 80% by weight; also
Diacetyl Peroxide (Concentration called Fuming Sulfuric Acid) ............ 8014–94–7 1000
>70%) ............................................... 110–22–5 5000 Osmium Tetroxide ............................... 20816–12–0 100
Diazomethane ..................................... 334–88–3 500 Oxygen Difluoride (Fluorine Monoxide) 7783–41–7 100
Dibenzoyl Peroxide ............................. 94–36–0 7500 Ozone .................................................. 10028–15–6 100
Diborane .............................................. 19287–45–7 100 Pentaborane ........................................ 19624–22–7 100
Dibutyl Peroxide (Tertiary) .................. 110–05–4 5000 Peracetic Acid (concentration >60%
Dichloro Acetylene .............................. 7572–29–4 250 Acetic Acid; also called Peroxy-
Dichlorosilane ...................................... 4109–96–0 2500 acetic Acid) ...................................... 79–21–0 1000
Diethylzinc ........................................... 557–20–0 10000 Perchloric Acid (concentration >60%
Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate ............ 105–64–6 7500 by weight) ........................................ 7601–90–3 5000
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

Dilaluroyl Peroxide .............................. 105–74–8 7500 Perchloromethyl Mercaptan ................ 594–42–3 150
Dimethyldichlorosilane ......................... 75–78–5 1000 Perchloryl Fluoride .............................. 7616–94–6 5000

354

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.119

CHEMICAL name CAS* TQ** CHEMICAL name CAS* TQ**

Peroxyacetic Acid (concentration Sulfur Tetrafluoride .............................. 7783–60–0 250

>60% Acetic Acid; also called Per- Sulfur Trioxide (also called Sulfuric
acetic Acid) ...................................... 79–21–0 1000 Anhydride) ........................................ 7446–11–9 1000
Phosgene (also called Carbonyl Chlo- Sulfuric Anhydride (also called Sulfur
ride) .................................................. 75–44–5 100 Trioxide) ........................................... 7446–11–9 1000
Phosphine (Hydrogen Phosphide) ...... 7803–51–2 100 Tellurium Hexafluoride ........................ 7783–80–4 250
Phosphorus Oxychloride (also called Tetrafluoroethylene .............................. 116–14–3 5000
Phosphoryl Chloride) ....................... 10025–87–3 1000 Tetrafluorohydrazine ............................ 10036–47–2 5000
Phosphorus Trichloride ....................... 7719–12–2 1000 Tetramethyl Lead ................................ 75–74–1 1000
Phosphoryl Chloride (also called Thionyl Chloride .................................. 7719–09–7 250
Phosphorus Oxychloride) ................ 10025–87–3 1000 Trichloro (chloromethyl) Silane ........... 1558–25–4 100
Propargyl Bromide ............................... 106–96–7 100 Trichloro (dichlorophenyl) Silane ......... 27137–85–5 2500
Propyl Nitrate ....................................... 627–3–4 2500 Trichlorosilane ..................................... 10025–78–2 5000
Sarin .................................................... 107–44–8 100 Trifluorochloroethylene ........................ 79–38–9 10000
Selenium Hexafluoride ........................ 7783–79–1 1000 Trimethyoxysilane ................................ 2487–90–3 1500
Stibine (Antimony Hydride) ................. 7803–52–3 500 *Chemical Abstract Service Number.
Sulfur Dioxide (liquid) .......................... 7446–09–5 1000 **Threshold Quantity in Pounds (Amount necessary to be
Sulfur Pentafluoride ............................. 5714–22–7 250 covered by this standard).
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

355

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 § 1910.119 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

A P P E N D I X B T O § 1910.119—B L OCK F L OW D I A G R A M A N D S I M P L I F I E D P R OCE S S

F L OW D I A G R A M (N ON M A N D A T OR Y )
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

356
EC27OC91.026</GPH>

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
A P P E N D I X C T O § 1910.119—C OM P L I A N CE G U I D E -
L I N E S A N D R E COM M E N D A T I ON S F OR P R OCE S S
S A F E T Y M A N A G E M E N T (N ON M A N D A T OR Y )
T h is a ppen dix ser ves a s a n on m a n da t or y
gu idelin e t o a ssist em ploy er s a n d em ploy ees
in com ply in g wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is
s e c t i o n , a s w e l l a s p r o v i d e s o t h e r h e l p fu l r e c -
o m m e n d a t i o n s a n d i n fo r m a t i o n . E x a m p l e s
pr esen t ed in t h is a ppen dix a r e n ot t h e on ly
m e a n s o f a c h i e v i n g t h e p e r fo r m a n c e g o a l s i n
t h e st a n da r d. T h is a ppen dix n eit h er a dds n or
d e t r a c t s fr o m t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e s t a n d -
a r d.
1. I n t rod u ct ion t o P rocess S a f et y M a n a ge-
m en t . T h e m a j o r o b j e c t i v e o f p r o c e s s s a fe t y
m a n a g e m e n t o f h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s
i s t o p r e v e n t u n w a n t e d r e l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s
ch em ica ls especia lly in t o loca t ion s wh ich
cou ld expose em ploy ees a n d ot h er s t o ser iou s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h a za r d s . A n e ffe c t i v e p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e -
357
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00367 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
m en t pr ogr a m r equ ir es a sy st em a t ic a p-
pr oa ch t o eva lu a t in g t h e wh ole pr ocess.
Usin g t h is a ppr oa ch t h e pr ocess design , pr oc-
ess t ech n ology , oper a t ion a l a n d m a in t en a n ce
a ct ivit ies a n d pr ocedu r es, n on r ou t in e a ct ivi-
t ies a n d pr ocedu r es, em er gen cy pr epa r edn ess
pla n s a n d pr ocedu r es, t r a in in g pr ogr a m s, a n d
ot h er elem en t s wh ich im pa ct t h e pr ocess a r e
a ll con sider ed in t h e eva lu a t ion . T h e va r iou s
l i n e s o f d e fe n s e t h a t h a v e b e e n i n c o r p o r a t e d
in t o t h e design a n d oper a t ion of t h e pr ocess
t o p r e v e n t o r m i t i g a t e t h e r e l e a s e o f h a z-
a r dou s ch em ica ls n eed t o be eva lu a t ed a n d
s t r e n g t h e n e d t o a s s u r e t h e i r e ffe c t i v e n e s s a t
e a c h l e v e l . P r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t i s t h e
p r o a c t i v e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n , e v a l u a t i o n a n d
m it iga t ion or pr even t ion of ch em ica l r e-
l e a s e s t h a t c o u l d o c c u r a s a r e s u l t o f fa i l u r e s
in pr ocess, pr ocedu r es or equ ipm en t .
T h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t s t a n d a r d
t a r g e t s h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s t h a t
EC27OC91.027</GPH>
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 § 1910.119
h a ve t h e pot en t ia l t o ca u se a ca t a st r oph ic
in ciden t . T h is st a n da r d a s a wh ole is t o a id
e m p l o y e r s i n t h e i r e ffo r t s t o p r e v e n t o r m i t i -
ga t e episodic ch em ica l r elea ses t h a t cou ld
lea d t o a ca t a st r oph e in t h e wor k pla ce a n d
possibly t o t h e su r r ou n din g com m u n it y . T o
c o n t r o l t h e s e t y p e s o f h a za r d s , e m p l o y e r s
n eed t o develop t h e n ecessa r y exper t ise, ex-
per ien ces, ju dgem en t a n d pr oa ct ive in it ia -
t i v e w i t h i n t h e i r w o r k fo r c e t o p r o p e r l y i m -
p l e m e n t a n d m a i n t a i n a n e ffe c t i v e p r o c e s s
s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m a s e n v i s i o n e d i n
t h e OS H A s t a n d a r d . T h i s OS H A s t a n d a r d i s
r e q u i r e d b y t h e Cl e a n A i r A c t A m e n d m e n t s
a s i s t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ’s
R isk Ma n a gem en t P la n . E m ploy er s, wh o
m er ge t h e t wo set s of r equ ir em en t s in t o
t h e i r p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m ,
w i l l b e t t e r a s s u r e fu l l c o m p l i a n c e w i t h e a c h
a s well a s en h a n cin g t h eir r ela t ion sh ip wit h
t h e loca l com m u n it y .
Wh i l e OS H A b e l i e v e s p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n -
a g e m e n t w i l l h a v e a p o s i t i v e e ffe c t o n t h e
s a fe t y o f e m p l o y e e s i n w o r k p l a c e s a n d a l s o
o ffe r s o t h e r p o t e n t i a l b e n e fi t s t o e m p l o y e r s
(i n c r e a s e d p r o d u c t i v i t y ), s m a l l e r b u s i n e s s e s
wh ich m a y h a ve lim it ed r esou r ces a va ila ble
t o t h em a t t h is t im e, m igh t con sider a lt er -
n a t ive a ven u es of decr ea sin g t h e r isk s a sso-
c i a t e d w i t h h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s a t
t h e i r w o r k p l a c e s . On e m e t h o d w h i c h m i g h t
be con sider ed is t h e r edu ct ion in t h e in ven -
t o r y o f t h e h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l . T h i s
r edu ct ion in in ven t or y will r esu lt in a r edu c-
t i o n o f t h e r i s k o r p o t e n t i a l fo r a c a t a -
st r oph ic in ciden t . Also, em ploy er s in clu din g
sm a ll em ploy er s m a y be a ble t o est a blish
m o r e e ffi c i e n t i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l b y r e d u c i n g
t h e q u a n t i t i e s o f h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s
on sit e below t h e est a blish ed t h r esh old qu a n -
t it ies. T h is r edu ct ion ca n be a ccom plish ed
by or der in g sm a ller sh ipm en t s a n d m a in t a in -
i n g t h e m i n i m u m i n v e n t o r y n e c e s s a r y fo r e f-
fi c i e n t a n d s a fe o p e r a t i o n . Wh e n r e d u c e d i n -
v e n t o r y i s n o t fe a s i b l e , t h e n t h e e m p l o y e r
m igh t con sider disper sin g in ven t or y t o sev-
er a l loca t ion s on sit e. Disper sin g st or a ge
in t o loca t ion s wh er e a r elea se in on e loca -
t ion will n ot ca u se a r elea se in a n ot h er loca -
t ion is a pr a ct ica l m et h od t o a lso r edu ce t h e
r i s k o r p o r t e n t i a l fo r c a t a s t r o p h i c i n c i d e n t s .
2. E m p loy ee I n v olv em en t in P rocess S a f et y
M a n a gem en t . S e c t i o n 304 o f t h e Cl e a n A i r A c t
Am en dm en t s st a t es t h a t em ploy er s a r e t o
con su lt wit h t h eir em ploy ees a n d t h eir r ep-
r e s e n t a t i v e s r e g a r d i n g t h e e m p l o y e r s e ffo r t s
in t h e developm en t a n d im plem en t a t ion of
t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m e l e -
m e n t s a n d h a za r d a s s e s s m e n t s . S e c t i o n 304
a lso r equ ir es em ploy er s t o t r a in a n d edu ca t e
t h e i r e m p l o y e e s a n d t o i n fo r m a ffe c t e d e m -
p l o y e e s o f t h e fi n d i n g s fr o m i n c i d e n t i n v e s -
t i g a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n -
a gem en t pr ogr a m . Ma n y em ploy er s, u n der
t h e i r s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m s , h a v e a l -
r ea dy est a blish ed m ea n s a n d m et h ods t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
k eep em ploy ees a n d t h eir r epr esen t a t ives in -
358
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
fo r m e d a b o u t r e l e v a n t s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
issu es a n d em ploy er s m a y be a ble t o a da pt
t h ese pr a ct ices a n d pr ocedu r es t o m eet t h eir
obliga t ion s u n der t h is st a n da r d. E m ploy er s
wh o h a ve n ot im plem en t ed a n occu pa t ion a l
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m m a y w i s h t o fo r m
a s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h c o m m i t t e e o f e m p l o y e e s
a n d m a n a gem en t r epr esen t a t ives t o h elp t h e
e m p l o y e r m e e t t h e o b l i g a t i o n s s p e c i fi e d b y
t h is st a n da r d. T h ese com m it t ees ca n becom e
a s i g n i fi c a n t a l l y i n h e l p i n g t h e e m p l o y e r t o
i m p l e m e n t a n d m a i n t a i n a n e ffe c t i v e p r o c e s s
s a fe t y m a n a g m e n t p r o g r a m fo r a l l e m p l o y -
ees.
3. P rocess S a f et y I n f orm a t ion . Co m p l e t e a n d
a c c u r a t e w r i t t e n i n fo r m a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g
pr ocess ch em ica ls, pr ocess t ech n ology , a n d
p r o c e s s e q u i p m e n t i s e s s e n t i a l t o a n e ffe c t i v e
p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m a n d t o a
p r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s i s . T h e c o m p i l e d i n fo r -
m a t ion will be a n ecessa r y r esou r ce t o a va -
r iet y of u ser s in clu din g t h e t ea m t h a t will
p e r fo r m t h e p r o c e s s h a za r d s a n a l y s i s a s r e -
q u i r e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (e ); t h o s e d e v e l o p i n g
t h e t r a in in g pr ogr a m s a n d t h e oper a t in g pr o-
cedu r es; con t r a ct or s wh ose em ploy ees will be
wor k in g wit h t h e pr ocess; t h ose con du ct in g
t h e p r e -s t a r t u p r e v i e w s ; l o c a l e m e r g e n c y
pr epa r edn ess pla n n er s; a n d in su r a n ce a n d en -
fo r c e m e n t o ffi c i a l s .
T h e i n fo r m a t i o n t o b e c o m p i l e d a b o u t t h e
ch em ica ls, in clu din g pr ocess in t er m edia t es,
n e e d s t o b e c o m p r e h e n s i v e e n o u g h fo r a n a c -
c u r a t e a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , r e a c t i v i t y h a za r d s , t h e s a fe -
t y a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s t o w o r k e r s , a n d t h e
c o r r o s i o n a n d e r o s i o n e ffe c t s o n t h e p r o c e s s
e q u i p m e n t a n d m o n i t o r i n g t o o l s . Cu r r e n t
m a t e r i a l s a fe t y d a t a s h e e t (M S D S ) i n fo r m a -
t ion ca n be u sed t o h elp m eet t h is r equ ir e-
m en t wh ich m u st be su pplem en t ed wit h
p r o c e s s c h e m i s t r y i n fo r m a t i o n i n c l u d i n g
r u n a w a y r e a c t i o n a n d o v e r p r e s s u r e h a za r d s
if a pplica ble.
P r o c e s s t e c h n o l o g y i n fo r m a t i o n w i l l b e a
p a r t o f t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y i n fo r m a t i o n p a c k -
a ge a n d it is expect ed t h a t it will in clu de
dia gr a m s of t h e t y pe sh own in a ppen dix B of
t h is sect ion a s well a s em ploy er est a blish ed
c r i t e r i a fo r m a x i m u m i n v e n t o r y l e v e l s fo r
pr ocess ch em ica ls; lim it s bey on d wh ich
wou ld be con sider ed u pset con dit ion s; a n d a
qu a lit a t ive est im a t e of t h e con sequ en ces or
r esu lt s of devia t ion t h a t cou ld occu r if oper -
a t in g bey on d t h e est a blish ed pr ocess lim it s.
E m ploy er s a r e en cou r a ged t o u se dia gr a m s
wh ich will h elp u ser s u n der st a n d t h e pr ocess.
A b l o c k fl o w d i a g r a m i s u s e d t o s h o w t h e
m a jor pr ocess equ ipm en t and in t er -
c o n n e c t i n g p r o c e s s fl o w l i n e s a n d s h o w fl o w
r a t es, st r ea m com posit ion , t em per a t u r es,
a n d p r e s s u r e s w h e n n e c e s s a r y fo r c l a r i t y .
T h e b l o c k fl o w d i a g r a m i s a s i m p l i fi e d d i a -
gr a m .
P r o c e s s fl o w d i a g r a m s a r e m o r e c o m p l e x
a n d w i l l s h o w a l l m a i n fl o w s t r e a m s i n c l u d -
in g va lves t o en h a n ce t h e u n der st a n din g of
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h e pr ocess, a s well a s pr essu r es a n d t em -
p e r a t u r e s o n a l l fe e d a n d p r o d u c t l i n e s w i t h -
in a ll m a jor vessels, in a n d ou t of h ea der s
a n d h ea t exch a n ger s, a n d poin t s of pr essu r e
a n d t em per a t u r e con t r ol. Also, m a t er ia ls of
c o n s t r u c t i o n i n fo r m a t i o n , p u m p c a p a c i t i e s
a n d pr essu r e h ea ds, com pr essor h or sepower
a n d vessel design pr essu r es a n d t em per a t u r es
a r e s h o w n w h e n n e c e s s a r y fo r c l a r i t y . I n a d -
dit ion , m a jor com pon en t s of con t r ol loops
a r e u su a lly sh own a lon g wit h k ey u t ilit ies
o n p r o c e s s fl o w d i a g r a m s .
P i p i n g a n d i n s t r u m e n t d i a g r a m s (P &I D s )
m a y be t h e m or e a ppr opr ia t e t y pe of dia -
gr a m s t o sh ow som e of t h e a bove det a ils a n d
t o d i s p l a y t h e i n fo r m a t i o n fo r t h e p i p i n g d e -
s i g n e r a n d e n g i n e e r i n g s t a ff. T h e P &I D s a r e
t o be u sed t o descr ibe t h e r ela t ion sh ips be-
t ween equ ipm en t a n d in st r u m en t a t ion a s
w e l l a s o t h e r r e l e v a n t i n fo r m a t i o n t h a t w i l l
e n h a n c e c l a r i t y . Co m p u t e r s o ft w a r e p r o -
g r a m s w h i c h d o P &I D s o r o t h e r d i a g r a m s
u s e fu l t o t h e i n fo r m a t i o n p a c k a g e , m a y b e
u sed t o h elp m eet t h is r equ ir em en t .
T h e i n fo r m a t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o p r o c e s s
equ ipm en t design m u st be docu m en t ed. In
ot h er wor ds, wh a t wer e t h e codes a n d st a n d-
a r ds r elied on t o est a blish good en gin eer in g
pr a ct ice. T h ese codes a n d st a n da r ds a r e pu b-
l i s h e d b y s u c h o r g a n i za t i o n s a s t h e A m e r i c a n
S ociet y of Mech a n ica l E n gin eer s, Am er ica n
P et r oleu m In st it u t e, Am er ica n Na t ion a l
S t a n da r ds In st it u t e, Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ec-
t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n , A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t -
in g a n d Ma t er ia ls, Na t ion a l Boa r d of Boiler
a n d P r essu r e Vessel In spect or s, Na t ion a l As-
s o c i a t i o n o f Co r r o s i o n E n g i n e e r s , A m e r i c a n
S o c i e t y o f E x c h a n g e M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s s o c i a -
t ion , a n d m odel bu ildin g code gr ou ps.
In a ddit ion , va r iou s en gin eer in g societ ies
issu e t ech n ica l r epor t s wh ich im pa ct pr ocess
design . F or exa m ple, t h e Am er ica n In st it u t e
o f Ch e m i c a l E n g i n e e r s h a s p u b l i s h e d t e c h -
n ica l r epor t s on t opics su ch a s t wo ph a se
fl o w fo r v e n t i n g d e v i c e s . T h i s t y p e o f t e c h -
n i c a l l y r e c o g n i ze d r e p o r t w o u l d c o n s t i t u t e
good en gin eer in g pr a ct ice.
F or exist in g equ ipm en t design ed a n d con -
st r u ct ed m a n y y ea r s a go in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e codes a n d st a n da r ds a va ila ble a t t h a t
t im e a n d n o lon ger in gen er a l u se t oda y , t h e
em ploy er m u st docu m en t wh ich codes a n d
st a n da r ds wer e u sed a n d t h a t t h e design a n d
con st r u ct ion a lon g wit h t h e t est in g, in spec-
t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n a r e s t i l l s u i t a b l e fo r t h e
i n t e n d e d u s e . Wh e r e t h e p r o c e s s t e c h n o l o g y
r e q u i r e s a d e s i g n w h i c h d e p a r t s fr o m t h e a p -
plica ble codes a n d st a n da r ds, t h e em ploy er
m u st docu m en t t h a t t h e design a n d con -
s t r u c t i o n i s s u i t a b l e fo r t h e i n t e n d e d p u r -
pose.
4. P rocess H a z a rd A n a ly sis. A p r o c e s s h a za r d
a n a l y s i s (P H A ), s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d a p r o c e s s
h a za r d e v a l u a t i o n , i s o n e o f t h e m o s t i m p o r -
t a n t e l e m e n t s o f t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e -
m e n t p r o g r a m . A P H A i s a n o r g a n i ze d a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s y s t e m a t i c e ffo r t t o i d e n t i fy a n d a n a l y ze t h e
359
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00369 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
s i g n i fi c a n c e o f p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d
wit h t h e pr ocessin g or h a n dlin g of h igh ly
h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s . A P H A p r o v i d e s i n fo r -
m a t ion wh ich will a ssist em ploy er s a n d em -
p l o y e e s i n m a k i n g d e c i s i o n s fo r i m p r o v i n g
s a fe t y a n d r e d u c i n g t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f u n -
w a n t e d o r u n p l a n n e d r e l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s
ch em ica ls. A P HA is dir ect ed t owa r d a n a -
l y zi n g p o t e n t i a l c a u s e s a n d c o n s e q u e n c e s o f
fi r e s , e x p l o s i o n s , r e l e a s e s o f t o x i c o r fl a m -
m a b l e c h e m i c a l s a n d m a j o r s p i l l s o f h a z-
a r d o u s c h e m i c a l s . T h e P H A fo c u s e s o n e q u i p -
m en t , in st r u m en t a t ion , u t ilit ies, h u m a n a c-
t i o n s (r o u t i n e a n d n o n r o u t i n e ), a n d e x t e r n a l
fa c t o r s t h a t m i g h t i m p a c t t h e p r o c e s s . T h e s e
c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a s s i s t i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e h a z-
a r d s a n d p o t e n t i a l fa i l u r e p o i n t s o r fa i l u r e
m odes in a pr ocess.
T h e select ion of a P HA m et h odology or
t e c h n i q u e w i l l b e i n fl u e n c e d b y m a n y fa c t o r s
in clu din g t h e a m ou n t of exist in g k n owledge
a bou t t h e pr ocess. Is it a pr ocess t h a t h a s
b e e n o p e r a t e d fo r a l o n g p e r i o d o f t i m e w i t h
lit t le or n o in n ova t ion a n d ext en sive exper i-
e n c e h a s b e e n g e n e r a t e d w i t h i t s u s e ? Or , i s
it a n ew pr ocess or on e wh ich h a s been
c h a n g e d fr e q u e n t l y b y t h e i n c l u s i o n o f i n n o -
v a t i v e fe a t u r e s ? A l s o , t h e s i ze a n d c o m -
p l e x i t y o f t h e p r o c e s s w i l l i n fl u e n c e t h e d e c i -
sion a s t o t h e a ppr opr ia t e P HA m et h odology
t o u se. All P HA m et h odologies a r e su bject t o
cer t a in lim it a t ion s. F or exa m ple, t h e ch eck -
list m et h odology wor k s well wh en t h e pr oc-
ess is ver y st a ble a n d n o ch a n ges a r e m a de,
b u t i t i s n o t a s e ffe c t i v e w h e n t h e p r o c e s s
h a s u n der gon e ext en sive ch a n ge. T h e ch eck -
list m a y m iss t h e m ost r ecen t ch a n ges a n d
con sequ en t ly t h e ch a n ges wou ld n ot be eva l-
u a t ed. An ot h er lim it a t ion t o be con sider ed
con cer n s t h e a ssu m pt ion s m a de by t h e t ea m
or a n a ly st . T h e P HA is depen den t on good
ju dgem en t a n d t h e a ssu m pt ion s m a de du r in g
t h e st u dy n eed t o be docu m en t ed a n d u n der -
s t o o d b y t h e t e a m a n d r e v i e w e r a n d k e p t fo r
a fu t u r e P H A .
T h e t ea m con du ct in g t h e P HA n eed t o u n -
der st a n d t h e m et h odology t h a t is goin g t o be
u s e d . A P H A t e a m c a n v a r y i n s i ze fr o m t w o
people t o a n u m ber of people wit h va r ied
oper a t ion a l a n d t ech n ica l ba ck gr ou n ds.
S om e t ea m m em ber s m a y on ly be a pa r t of
t h e t e a m fo r a l i m i t e d t i m e . T h e t e a m l e a d e r
n e e d s t o b e fu l l y k n o w l e d g e a b l e i n t h e p r o p e r
im plem en t a t ion of t h e P HA m et h odology
t h a t is t o be u sed a n d sh ou ld be im pa r t ia l in
t h e e v a l u a t i o n . T h e o t h e r fu l l o r p a r t t i m e
t ea m m em ber s n eed t o pr ovide t h e t ea m wit h
exper t ise in a r ea s su ch a s pr ocess t ech -
n ology , pr ocess design , oper a t in g pr ocedu r es
a n d pr a ct ices, in clu din g h ow t h e wor k is a c-
t u a l l y p e r fo r m e d , a l a r m s , e m e r g e n c y p r o c e -
du r es, in st r u m en t a t ion , m a in t en a n ce pr oce-
du r es, bot h r ou t in e a n d n on r ou t in e t a sk s, in -
c l u d i n g h o w t h e t a s k s a r e a u t h o r i ze d , p r o -
c u r e m e n t o f p a r t s a n d s u p p l i e s , s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h , a n d a n y ot h er r eleva n t su bject a s t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119
n eed dict a t es. At lea st on e t ea m m em ber
m u s t b e fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e p r o c e s s .
T h e idea l t ea m will h a ve a n in t im a t e
k n o w l e d g e o f t h e s t a n d a r d s , c o d e s , s p e c i fi c a -
t ion s a n d r egu la t ion s a pplica ble t o t h e pr oc-
ess bein g st u died. T h e select ed t ea m m em -
ber s n eed t o be com pa t ible a n d t h e t ea m
lea der n eeds t o be a ble t o m a n a ge t h e t ea m ,
a n d t h e P HA st u dy . T h e t ea m n eeds t o be
a b l e t o w o r k t o g e t h e r w h i l e b e n e fi t i n g fr o m
t h e exper t ise of ot h er s on t h e t ea m or ou t -
s i d e t h e t e a m , t o r e s o l v e i s s u e s , a n d t o fo r g e
a c o n s e n s u s o n t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h e s t u d y a n d
r ecom m en da t ion s.
T h e a pplica t ion of a P HA t o a pr ocess m a y
i n v o l v e t h e u s e o f d i ffe r e n t m e t h o d o l o g i e s
fo r v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e p r o c e s s . F o r e x a m p l e ,
a pr ocess in volvin g a ser ies of u n it oper a t ion
o f v a r y i n g s i ze s , c o m p l e x i t i e s , a n d a g e s m a y
u s e d i ffe r e n t m e t h o d o l o g i e s a n d t e a m m e m -
b e r s fo r e a c h o p e r a t i o n . T h e n t h e c o n c l u -
s i o n s c a n b e i n t e g r a t e d i n t o o n e fi n a l s t u d y
a n d e v a l u a t i o n . A m o r e s p e c i fi c e x a m p l e i s
t h e u s e o f a c h e c k l i s t P H A fo r a s t a n d a r d
boiler or h ea t exch a n ger a n d t h e u se of a
H a za r d a n d Op e r a b i l i t y P H A fo r t h e o v e r a l l
p r o c e s s . A l s o , fo r b a t c h t y p e p r o c e s s e s l i k e
cu st om ba t ch oper a t ion s, a gen er ic P HA of a
r epr esen t a t ive ba t ch m a y be u sed wh er e
t h er e a r e on ly sm a ll ch a n ges of m on om er or
ot h er in gr edien t r a t ios a n d t h e ch em ist r y is
d o c u m e n t e d fo r t h e fu l l r a n g e a n d r a t i o o f
ba t ch in gr edien t s. An ot h er pr ocess t h a t
m igh t con sider u sin g a gen er ic t y pe of P HA
i s a g a s p l a n t . Oft e n t h e s e p l a n t s a r e s i m p l y
m o v e d fr o m s i t e t o s i t e a n d t h e r e fo r e , a g e -
n e r i c P H A m a y b e u s e d fo r t h e s e m o v a b l e
pla n t s. Also, wh en a n em ploy er h a s sever a l
s i m i l a r s i ze g a s p l a n t s a n d n o s o u r g a s i s
bein g pr ocessed a t t h e sit e, t h en a gen er ic
P H A i s fe a s i b l e a s l o n g a s t h e v a r i a t i o n s o f
t h e i n d i v i d u a l s i t e s a r e a c c o u n t e d fo r i n t h e
P HA. F in a lly , wh en a n em ploy er h a s a la r ge
con t in u ou s pr ocess wh ich h a s sever a l con t r ol
r o o m s fo r d i ffe r e n t p o r t i o n s o f t h e p r o c e s s
s u c h a s fo r a d i s t i l l a t i o n t o w e r a n d a b l e n d -
in g oper a t ion , t h e em ploy er m a y wish t o do
ea ch segm en t sepa r a t ely a n d t h en in t egr a t e
t h e fi n a l r e s u l t s .
Addit ion a lly , sm a ll bu sin esses wh ich a r e
c o v e r e d b y t h i s r u l e , w i l l o ft e n h a v e p r o c -
esses t h a t h a ve less st or a ge volu m e, less ca -
pa cit y , a n d less com plica t ed t h a n pr ocesses
a t a l a r g e fa c i l i t y . T h e r e fo r e , OS H A w o u l d
a n t icipa t e t h a t t h e less com plex m et h odolo-
g i e s w o u l d b e u s e d t o m e e t t h e p r o c e s s h a z-
a r d a n a ly sis cr it er ia in t h e st a n da r d. T h ese
p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s e s c a n b e d o n e i n l e s s
t i m e a n d w i t h a fe w p e o p l e b e i n g i n v o l v e d . A
less com plex pr ocess gen er a lly m ea n s t h a t
l e s s d a t a , P &I D s , a n d p r o c e s s i n fo r m a t i o n i s
n e e d e d t o p e r fo r m a p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s .
Ma n y sm a ll bu sin esses h a ve pr ocesses t h a t
a r e n ot u n iqu e, su ch a s cold st or a ge lock er s
o r w a t e r t r e a t m e n t fa c i l i t i e s . Wh e r e e m -
ploy er a ssocia t ion s h a ve a n u m ber of m em -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
b e r s w i t h s u c h fa c i l i t i e s , a g e n e r i c P H A ,
360
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00370 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
e v o l v e d fr o m a c h e c k l i s t o r w h a t -i f q u e s -
t ion s, cou ld be developed a n d u sed by ea ch
e m p l o y e r e ffe c t i v e l y t o r e fl e c t h i s /h e r p a r -
t i c u l a r p r o c e s s ; t h i s w o u l d s i m p l i fy c o m p l i -
a n c e fo r t h e m .
Wh e n t h e e m p l o y e r h a s a n u m b e r o f p r o c -
esses wh ich r equ ir e a P HA, t h e em ploy er
m u st set u p a pr ior it y sy st em of wh ich P HAs
t o c o n d u c t fi r s t . A p r e l i m i n a r y o r g r o s s h a z-
a r d a n a l y s i s m a y b e u s e fu l i n p r i o r i t i zi n g t h e
pr ocesses t h a t t h e em ploy er h a s det er m in ed
a r e s u b j e c t t o c o v e r a g e b y t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y
m a n a g e m e n t s t a n d a r d . Co n s i d e r a t i o n s h o u l d
fi r s t b e g i v e n t o t h o s e p r o c e s s e s w i t h t h e p o -
t e n t i a l o f a d v e r s e l y a ffe c t i n g t h e l a r g e s t
n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . T h i s p r i o r i t i zi n g
sh ou ld con sider t h e pot en t ia l sever it y of a
ch em ica l r elea se, t h e n u m ber of pot en t ia lly
a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s , t h e o p e r a t i n g h i s t o r y o f
t h e p r o c e s s s u c h a s t h e fr e q u e n c y o f c h e m -
ica l r elea ses, t h e a ge of t h e pr ocess a n d a n y
o t h e r r e l e v a n t fa c t o r s . T h e s e fa c t o r s w o u l d
su ggest a r a n k in g or der a n d wou ld su ggest
e i t h e r u s i n g a w e i g h i n g fa c t o r s y s t e m o r a
sy st em a t ic r a n k in g m et h od. T h e u se of a
p r e l i m i n a r y h a za r d a n a l y s i s w o u l d a s s i s t a n
em ploy er in det er m in in g wh ich pr ocess
sh ou ld be of t h e h igh est pr ior it y a n d t h er eby
t h e em ploy er wou ld obt a in t h e gr ea t est im -
p r o v e m e n t i n s a fe t y a t t h e fa c i l i t y .
Det a iled gu ida n ce on t h e con t en t a n d a p-
p l i c a t i o n o f p r o c e s s h a za r d a n a l y s i s m e t h -
o d o l o g i e s i s a v a i l a b l e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n I n -
s t i t u t e o f Ch e m i c a l E n g i n e e r s ’ Ce n t e r fo r
Ch e m i c a l P r o c e s s S a fe t y (s e e a p p e n d i x D ).
5. O p era t in g P roced u res a n d P ra ct ices. Op e r -
a t in g pr ocedu r es descr ibe t a sk s t o be per -
fo r m e d , d a t a t o b e r e c o r d e d , o p e r a t i n g c o n d i -
t ion s t o be m a in t a in ed, sa m ples t o be col-
l e c t e d , a n d s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r e c a u t i o n s t o
be t a k en . T h e pr ocedu r es n eed t o be t ech -
n ica lly a ccu r a t e, u n der st a n da ble t o em ploy -
ees, a n d r evised per iodica lly t o en su r e t h a t
t h e y r e fl e c t c u r r e n t o p e r a t i o n s . T h e p r o c e s s
s a fe t y i n fo r m a t i o n p a c k a g e i s t o b e u s e d a s
a r esou r ce t o bet t er a ssu r e t h a t t h e oper -
a t in g pr ocedu r es a n d pr a ct ices a r e con sist en t
w i t h t h e k n o w n h a za r d s o f t h e c h e m i c a l s i n
t h e pr ocess a n d t h a t t h e oper a t in g pa r a m -
e t e r s a r e a c c u r a t e . Op e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s
s h o u l d b e r e v i e w e d b y e n g i n e e r i n g s t a ff a n d
oper a t in g per son n el t o en su r e t h a t t h ey a r e
a ccu r a t e a n d pr ovide pr a ct ica l in st r u ct ion s
o n h o w t o a c t u a l l y c a r r y o u t j o b d u t i e s s a fe -
ly .
Op e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s w i l l i n c l u d e s p e c i fi c
in st r u ct ion s or det a ils on wh a t st eps a r e t o
b e t a k e n o r fo l l o w e d i n c a r r y i n g o u t t h e
st a t ed pr ocedu r es. T h ese oper a t in g in st r u c-
t i o n s fo r e a c h p r o c e d u r e s h o u l d i n c l u d e t h e
a p p l i c a b l e s a fe t y p r e c a u t i o n s a n d s h o u l d
c o n t a i n a p p r o p r i a t e i n fo r m a t i o n o n s a fe t y
im plica t ion s. F or exa m ple, t h e oper a t in g
pr ocedu r es a ddr essin g oper a t in g pa r a m et er s
will con t a in oper a t in g in st r u ct ion s a bou t
p r e s s u r e l i m i t s , t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e s , fl o w
r a t es, wh a t t o do wh en a n u pset con dit ion
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
occu r s, wh a t a la r m s a n d in st r u m en t s a r e
per t in en t if a n u pset con dit ion occu r s, a n d
ot h er su bject s. An ot h er exa m ple of u sin g op-
er a t in g in st r u ct ion s t o pr oper ly im plem en t
oper a t in g pr ocedu r es is in st a r t in g u p or
sh u t t in g down t h e pr ocess. In t h ese ca ses,
d i ffe r e n t p a r a m e t e r s w i l l b e r e q u i r e d fr o m
t h ose of n or m a l oper a t ion . T h ese oper a t in g
in st r u ct ion s n eed t o clea r ly in dica t e t h e dis-
t in ct ion s bet ween st a r t u p a n d n or m a l oper -
a t i o n s s u c h a s t h e a p p r o p r i a t e a l l o w a n c e s fo r
h ea t in g u p a u n it t o r ea ch t h e n or m a l oper -
a t in g pa r a m et er s. Also t h e oper a t in g in -
st r u ct ion s n eed t o descr ibe t h e pr oper m et h -
o d fo r i n c r e a s i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e u n i t
u n t il t h e n or m a l oper a t in g t em per a t u r e pa -
r a m et er s a r e a ch ieved.
Co m p u t e r i ze d p r o c e s s c o n t r o l s y s t e m s a d d
com plexit y t o oper a t in g in st r u ct ion s. T h ese
oper a t in g in st r u ct ion s n eed t o descr ibe t h e
l o g i c o f t h e s o ft w a r e a s w e l l a s t h e r e l a t i o n -
sh ip bet ween t h e equ ipm en t a n d t h e con t r ol
sy st em ; ot h er wise, it m a y n ot be a ppa r en t t o
t h e oper a t or .
Op e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e
i m p o r t a n t fo r t r a i n i n g o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l .
T h e o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s a r e o ft e n v i e w e d a s
t h e s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r a c t i c e s (S OP s ) fo r
o p e r a t i o n s . Co n t r o l r o o m p e r s o n n e l a n d o p e r -
a t i n g s t a ff, i n g e n e r a l , n e e d t o h a v e a fu l l u n -
der st a n din g of oper a t in g pr ocedu r es. If wor k -
e r s a r e n o t fl u e n t i n E n g l i s h t h e n p r o c e d u r e s
a n d in st r u ct ion s n eed t o be pr epa r ed in a sec-
on d la n gu a ge u n der st ood by t h e wor k er s. In
a ddit ion , oper a t in g pr ocedu r es n eed t o be
ch a n ged wh en t h er e is a ch a n ge in t h e pr oc-
ess a s a r esu lt of t h e m a n a gem en t of ch a n ge
pr ocedu r es. T h e con sequ en ces of oper a t in g
p r o c e d u r e c h a n g e s n e e d t o b e fu l l y e v a l u a t e d
a n d t h e i n fo r m a t i o n c o n v e y e d t o t h e p e r -
son n el. F or exa m ple, m ech a n ica l ch a n ges t o
t h e pr ocess m a de by t h e m a in t en a n ce depa r t -
m e n t (l i k e c h a n g i n g a v a l v e fr o m s t e e l t o
br a ss or ot h er su bt le ch a n ges) n eed t o be
eva lu a t ed t o det er m in e if oper a t in g pr oce-
du r es a n d pr a ct ices a lso n eed t o be ch a n ged.
All m a n a gem en t of ch a n ge a ct ion s m u st be
coor din a t ed a n d in t egr a t ed wit h cu r r en t op-
er a t in g pr ocedu r es a n d oper a t in g per son n el
m u st be or ien t ed t o t h e ch a n ges in pr oce-
d u r e s b e fo r e t h e c h a n g e i s m a d e . Wh e n t h e
pr ocess is sh u t down in or der t o m a k e a
ch a n ge, t h en t h e oper a t in g pr ocedu r es m u st
b e u p d a t e d b e fo r e s t a r t u p o f t h e p r o c e s s .
T r a in in g in h ow t o h a n dle u pset con dit ion s
m u st be a ccom plish ed a s well a s wh a t oper -
a t in g per son n el a r e t o do in em er gen cies
s u c h a s w h e n a p u m p s e a l fa i l s o r a p i p e l i n e
r u p t u r e s . Co m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n o p e r a t i n g
p e r s o n n e l a n d w o r k e r s p e r fo r m i n g w o r k
wit h in t h e pr ocess a r ea , su ch a s n on r ou t in e
t a s k s , a l s o m u s t b e m a i n t a i n e d . T h e h a za r d s
of t h e t a sk s a r e t o be con vey ed t o oper a t in g
per son n el in a ccor da n ce wit h est a blish ed
p r o c e d u r e s a n d t o t h o s e p e r fo r m i n g t h e a c -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t u a l t a s k s . Wh e n t h e w o r k i s c o m p l e t e d , o p -
361
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00371 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l s h o u l d b e i n fo r m e d t o p r o -
vide closu r e on t h e job.
6. E m p loy ee T ra in in g. A l l e m p l o y e e s , i n c l u d -
in g m a in t en a n ce a n d con t r a ct or em ploy ees,
i n v o l v e d w i t h h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s
n e e d t o fu l l y u n d e r s t a n d t h e s a fe t y a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s o f t h e c h e m i c a l s a n d p r o c -
e s s e s t h e y w o r k w i t h fo r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f
t h e m s e l v e s , t h e i r fe l l o w e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e
c i t i ze n s o f n e a r b y c o m m u n i t i e s . T r a i n i n g
c o n d u c t e d i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h § 1910.1200, t h e
H a za r d Co m m u n i c a t i o n s t a n d a r d , w i l l h e l p
em ploy ees t o be m or e k n owledgea ble a bou t
t h e c h e m i c a l s t h e y w o r k w i t h a s w e l l a s fa -
m i l i a r i ze t h e m w i t h r e a d i n g a n d u n d e r -
st a n din g MS DS . However , a ddit ion a l t r a in -
in g in su bject s su ch a s oper a t in g pr ocedu r es
a n d s a fe t y w o r k p r a c t i c e s , e m e r g e n c y e v a c u -
a t i o n a n d r e s p o n s e , s a fe t y p r o c e d u r e s , r o u -
t i n e a n d n o n r o u t i n e w o r k a u t h o r i za t i o n a c -
t ivit ies, a n d ot h er a r ea s per t in en t t o pr ocess
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h w i l l n e e d t o b e c o v e r e d b y
a n e m p l o y e r ’s t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m .
In est a blish in g t h eir t r a in in g pr ogr a m s,
e m p l o y e r s m u s t c l e a r l y d e fi n e t h e e m p l o y e e s
t o be t r a in ed a n d wh a t su bject s a r e t o be
cover ed in t h eir t r a in in g. E m ploy er s in set -
t in g u p t h eir t r a in in g pr ogr a m will n eed t o
clea r ly est a blish t h e goa ls a n d object ives
t h ey wish t o a ch ieve wit h t h e t r a in in g t h a t
t h ey pr ovide t o t h eir em ploy ees. T h e lea r n -
in g goa ls or object ives sh ou ld be wr it t en in
c l e a r m e a s u r a b l e t e r m s b e fo r e t h e t r a i n i n g
begin s. T h ese goa ls a n d object ives n eed t o be
t a i l o r e d t o e a c h o f t h e s p e c i fi c t r a i n i n g m o d -
u les or segm en t s. E m ploy er s sh ou ld descr ibe
t h e im por t a n t a ct ion s a n d con dit ion s u n der
wh ich t h e em ploy ee will dem on st r a t e com -
pet en ce or k n owledge a s well a s wh a t is a c-
c e p t a b l e p e r fo r m a n c e .
H a n d s -o n -t r a i n i n g w h e r e e m p l o y e e s a r e
a ble t o u se t h eir sen ses bey on d list en in g,
will en h a n ce lea r n in g. F or exa m ple, oper -
a t in g per son n el, wh o will wor k in a con t r ol
r o o m o r a t c o n t r o l p a n e l s , w o u l d b e n e fi t b y
bein g t r a in ed a t a sim u la t ed con t r ol pa n el or
pa n els. Upset con dit ion s of va r iou s t y pes
cou ld be displa y ed on t h e sim u la t or , a n d
t h en t h e em ploy ee cou ld go t h r ou gh t h e
pr oper oper a t in g pr ocedu r es t o br in g t h e
sim u la t or pa n el ba ck t o t h e n or m a l oper -
a t in g pa r a m et er s. A t r a in in g en vir on m en t
c o u l d b e c r e a t e d t o h e l p t h e t r a i n e e fe e l t h e
fu l l r e a l i t y o f t h e s i t u a t i o n b u t , o f c o u r s e ,
u n der con t r olled con dit ion s. T h is r ea list ic
t y p e o f t r a i n i n g c a n b e v e r y e ffe c t i v e i n
t ea ch in g em ploy ees cor r ect pr ocedu r es wh ile
a llowin g t h em t o a lso see t h e con sequ en ces
o f w h a t m i g h t h a p p e n i f t h e y d o n o t fo l l o w
e s t a b l i s h e d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s . Ot h e r
t r a i n i n g t e c h n i q u e s u s i n g v i d e o s o r o n -t h e -
j o b t r a i n i n g c a n a l s o b e v e r y e ffe c t i v e fo r
t ea ch in g ot h er job t a sk s, du t ies, or ot h er im -
p o r t a n t i n fo r m a t i o n . A n e ffe c t i v e t r a i n i n g
p r o g r a m w i l l a l l o w t h e e m p l o y e e t o fu l l y
pa r t icipa t e in t h e t r a in in g pr ocess a n d t o
pr a ct ice t h eir sk ill or k n owledge.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119
E m ploy er s n eed t o per iodica lly eva lu a t e
t h eir t r a in in g pr ogr a m s t o see if t h e n ec-
essa r y sk ills, k n owledge, a n d r ou t in es a r e
bein g pr oper ly u n der st ood a n d im plem en t ed
by t h eir t r a in ed em ploy ees. T h e m ea n s or
m e t h o d s fo r e v a l u a t i n g t h e t r a i n i n g s h o u l d
be developed a lon g wit h t h e t r a in in g pr o-
gr a m goa ls a n d object ives. T r a in in g pr ogr a m
eva lu a t ion will h elp em ploy er s t o det er m in e
t h e a m ou n t of t r a in in g t h eir em ploy ees u n -
der st ood, a n d wh et h er t h e desir ed r esu lt s
w e r e o b t a i n e d . I f, a ft e r t h e e v a l u a t i o n , i t a p -
pea r s t h a t t h e t r a in ed em ploy ees a r e n ot a t
t h e level of k n owledge a n d sk ill t h a t wa s ex-
pect ed, t h e em ploy er will n eed t o r evise t h e
t r a in in g pr ogr a m , pr ovide r et r a in in g, or pr o-
v i d e m o r e fr e q u e n t r e fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g s e s -
s i o n s u n t i l t h e d e fi c i e n c y i s r e s o l v e d . T h o s e
wh o con du ct ed t h e t r a in in g a n d t h ose wh o
r eceived t h e t r a in in g sh ou ld a lso be con -
su lt ed a s t o h ow best t o im pr ove t h e t r a in in g
pr ocess. If t h er e is a la n gu a ge ba r r ier , t h e
la n gu a ge k n own t o t h e t r a in ees sh ou ld be
u s e d t o r e i n fo r c e t h e t r a i n i n g m e s s a g e s a n d
i n fo r m a t i o n .
Ca r e fu l c o n s i d e r a t i o n m u s t b e g i v e n t o a s -
su r e t h a t em ploy ees in clu din g m a in t en a n ce
a n d con t r a ct em ploy ees r eceive cu r r en t a n d
u pda t ed t r a in in g. F or exa m ple, if ch a n ges
a r e m a de t o a pr ocess, im pa ct ed em ploy ees
m u st be t r a in ed in t h e ch a n ges a n d u n der -
s t a n d t h e e ffe c t s o f t h e c h a n g e s o n t h e i r j o b
t a s k s (e .g ., a n y n e w o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s
p e r t i n e n t t o t h e i r t a s k s ). A d d i t i o n a l l y , a s a l -
r ea dy discu ssed t h e eva lu a t ion of t h e em -
p l o y e e ’s a b s o r p t i o n o f t r a i n i n g w i l l c e r t a i n l y
i n fl u e n c e t h e n e e d fo r t r a i n i n g .
7. Con t ra ct ors. E m p l o y e r s w h o u s e c o n t r a c -
t o r s t o p e r fo r m w o r k i n a n d a r o u n d p r o c e s s e s
t h a t i n v o l v e h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s ,
will n eed t o est a blish a scr een in g pr ocess so
t h a t t h ey h ir e a n d u se con t r a ct or s wh o a c-
com plish t h e desir ed job t a sk s wit h ou t com -
p r o m i s i n g t h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h o f e m p l o y -
e e s a t a fa c i l i t y . F o r c o n t r a c t o r s , w h o s e s a fe -
t y p e r fo r m a n c e o n t h e j o b i s n o t k n o w n t o
t h e h ir in g em ploy er , t h e em ploy er will n eed
t o o b t a i n i n fo r m a t i o n o n i n j u r y a n d i l l n e s s
r a t es a n d exper ien ce a n d sh ou ld obt a in con -
t r a c t o r r e fe r e n c e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e e m -
ploy er m u st a ssu r e t h a t t h e con t r a ct or h a s
t h e a ppr opr ia t e job sk ills, k n owledge a n d
c e r t i fi c a t i o n s (s u c h a s fo r p r e s s u r e v e s s e l
w e l d e r s ). Co n t r a c t o r w o r k m e t h o d s a n d e x p e -
r ien ces sh ou ld be eva lu a t ed. F or exa m ple,
does t h e con t r a ct or con du ct in g dem olit ion
wor k swin g loa ds over oper a t in g pr ocesses or
d o e s t h e c o n t r a c t o r a v o i d s u c h h a za r d s ?
Ma in t a in in g a sit e in ju r y a n d illn ess log
fo r c o n t r a c t o r s i s a n o t h e r m e t h o d e m p l o y e r s
m u st u se t o t r a ck a n d m a in t a in cu r r en t
k n owledge of wor k a ct ivit ies in volvin g con -
t r a ct em ploy ees wor k in g on or a dja cen t t o
cover ed pr ocesses. In ju r y a n d illn ess logs of
b o t h t h e e m p l o y e r ’s e m p l o y e e s a n d c o n t r a c t
e m p l o y e e s a l l o w a n e m p l o y e r t o h a v e fu l l
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
k n owledge of pr ocess in ju r y a n d illn ess expe-
362
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00372 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
r i e n c e . T h i s l o g w i l l a l s o c o n t a i n i n fo r m a -
t ion wh ich will be of u se t o t h ose a u dit in g
p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t c o m p l i a n c e a n d
t h ose in volved in in ciden t in vest iga t ion s.
Co n t r a c t e m p l o y e e s m u s t p e r fo r m t h e i r
w o r k s a fe l y . Co n s i d e r i n g t h a t c o n t r a c t o r s
o ft e n p e r fo r m v e r y s p e c i a l i ze d a n d p o t e n -
t i a l l y h a za r d o u s t a s k s s u c h a s c o n fi n e d s p a c e
en t r y a ct ivit ies a n d n on r ou t in e r epa ir a ct ivi-
t ies it is qu it e im por t a n t t h a t t h eir a ct ivi-
t ies be con t r olled wh ile t h ey a r e wor k in g on
or n ea r a cover ed pr ocess. A per m it sy st em
o r w o r k a u t h o r i za t i o n s y s t e m fo r t h e s e a c -
t i v i t i e s w o u l d a l s o b e h e l p fu l t o a l l a ffe c t e d
e m p l o y e r s . T h e u s e o f a w o r k a u t h o r i za t i o n
s y s t e m k e e p s a n e m p l o y e r i n fo r m e d o f c o n -
t r a c t e m p l o y e e a c t i v i t i e s , a n d a s a b e n e fi t
t h e em ploy er will h a ve bet t er coor din a t ion
a n d m or e m a n a gem en t con t r ol over t h e wor k
b e i n g p e r fo r m e d i n t h e p r o c e s s a r e a . A w e l l
r u n a n d well m a in t a in ed pr ocess wh er e em -
p l o y e e s a fe t y i s fu l l y r e c o g n i ze d w i l l b e n e fi t
a l l o f t h o s e w h o w o r k i n t h e fa c i l i t y w h e t h e r
t h ey be con t r a ct em ploy ees or em ploy ees of
t h e own er .
8. P re-S t a rt u p S a f et y . F o r n e w p r o c e s s e s ,
t h e e m p l o y e r w i l l fi n d a P H A h e l p fu l i n i m -
pr ovin g t h e design a n d con st r u ct ion of t h e
p r o c e s s fr o m a r e l i a b i l i t y a n d q u a l i t y p o i n t
o f v i e w . T h e s a fe o p e r a t i o n o f t h e n e w p r o c -
ess will be en h a n ced by m a k in g u se of t h e
P H A r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s b e fo r e fi n a l i n s t a l l a -
t i o n s a r e c o m p l e t e d . P &I D s a r e t o b e c o m -
plet ed a lon g wit h h a vin g t h e oper a t in g pr o-
c e d u r e s i n p l a c e a n d t h e o p e r a t i n g s t a ff
t r a i n e d t o r u n t h e p r o c e s s b e fo r e s t a r t u p .
T h e in it ia l st a r t u p pr ocedu r es a n d n or m a l
o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s n e e d t o b e fu l l y e v a l u -
a t e d a s p a r t o f t h e p r e -s t a r t u p r e v i e w t o a s -
s u r e a s a fe t r a n s fe r i n t o t h e n o r m a l o p e r -
a t i n g m o d e fo r m e e t i n g t h e p r o c e s s p a r a m -
et er s.
F or exist in g pr ocesses t h a t h a ve been sh u t -
d o w n fo r t u r n a r o u n d , o r m o d i fi c a t i o n , e t c .,
t h e em ploy er m u st a ssu r e t h a t a n y ch a n ges
o t h e r t h a n ‘‘r e p l a c e m e n t i n k i n d ’’ m a d e t o
t h e pr ocess du r in g sh u t down go t h r ou gh t h e
m a n a g e m e n t o f c h a n g e p r o c e d u r e s . P &I D s
will n eed t o be u pda t ed a s n ecessa r y , a s well
a s oper a t in g pr ocedu r es a n d in st r u ct ion s. If
t h e ch a n ges m a de t o t h e pr ocess du r in g sh u t -
d o w n a r e s i g n i fi c a n t a n d i m p a c t t h e t r a i n i n g
pr ogr a m , t h en oper a t in g per son n el a s well a s
em ploy ees en ga ged in r ou t in e a n d n on r ou -
t in e wor k in t h e pr ocess a r ea m a y n eed som e
r e fr e s h e r o r a d d i t i o n a l t r a i n i n g i n l i g h t o f
t h e ch a n ges. An y in ciden t in vest iga t ion r ec-
om m en da t ion s, com plia n ce a u dit s or P HA
r ecom m en da t ion s n eed t o be r eviewed a s
well t o see wh a t im pa ct s t h ey m a y h a ve on
t h e p r o c e s s b e fo r e b e g i n n i n g t h e s t a r t u p .
9. M ech a n ica l I n t egrit y . E m p l o y e r s w i l l n e e d
t o r eview t h eir m a in t en a n ce pr ogr a m s a n d
sch edu les t o see if t h er e a r e a r ea s wh er e
‘‘b r e a k d o w n ’’ m a i n t e n a n c e i s u s e d r a t h e r
t h a n a n o n -g o i n g m e c h a n i c a l i n t e g r i t y p r o -
gr a m . E qu ipm en t u sed t o pr ocess, st or e, or
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
h a n d l e h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s n e e d s t o
be design ed, con st r u ct ed, in st a lled a n d m a in -
t a i n e d t o m i n i m i ze t h e r i s k o f r e l e a s e s o f
su ch ch em ica ls. T h is r equ ir es t h a t a m ech a n -
ica l in t egr it y pr ogr a m be in pla ce t o a ssu r e
t h e con t in u ed in t egr it y of pr ocess equ ip-
m en t . E lem en t s of a m ech a n ica l in t egr it y
p r o g r a m i n c l u d e t h e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n a n d c a t -
e g o r i za t i o n o f e q u i p m e n t a n d i n s t r u m e n t a -
t ion , in spect ion s a n d t est s, t est in g a n d in -
s p e c t i o n fr e q u e n c i e s , d e v e l o p m e n t o f m a i n t e -
n a n ce pr ocedu r es, t r a in in g of m a in t en a n ce
p e r s o n n e l , t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f c r i t e r i a fo r
a ccept a ble t est r esu lt s, docu m en t a t ion of
t est a n d in spect ion r esu lt s, a n d docu m en t a -
t i o n o f m a n u fa c t u r e r r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s a s t o
m e a n t i m e t o fa i l u r e fo r e q u i p m e n t a n d i n -
st r u m en t a t ion .
T h e fi r s t l i n e o f d e fe n s e a n e m p l o y e r h a s
a va ila ble is t o oper a t e a n d m a in t a in t h e
pr ocess a s design ed, a n d t o k eep t h e ch em i-
c a l s c o n t a i n e d . T h i s l i n e o f d e fe n s e i s b a c k e d
u p b y t h e n e x t l i n e o f d e fe n s e w h i c h i s t h e
con t r olled r elea se of ch em ica ls t h r ou gh
v e n t i n g t o s c r u b b e r s o r fl a r e s , o r t o s u r g e o r
o v e r fl o w t a n k s w h i c h a r e d e s i g n e d t o r e c e i v e
s u c h c h e m i c a l s , e t c . T h e s e l i n e s o f d e fe n s e
a r e t h e p r i m a r y l i n e s o f d e fe n s e o r m e a n s t o
pr even t u n wa n t ed r elea ses. T h e secon da r y
l i n e s o f d e fe n s e w o u l d i n c l u d e fi x e d fi r e p r o -
t ect ion sy st em s lik e spr in k ler s, wa t er spr a y ,
o r d e l u g e s y s t e m s , m o n i t o r g u n s , e t c ., d i k e s ,
design ed dr a in a ge sy st em s, a n d ot h er sy s-
t e m s w h i c h w o u l d c o n t r o l o r m i t i g a t e h a z-
a r dou s ch em ica ls on ce a n u n wa n t ed r elea se
occu r s. T h ese pr im a r y a n d secon da r y lin es of
d e fe n s e a r e w h a t t h e m e c h a n i c a l i n t e g r i t y
pr ogr a m n eeds t o pr ot ect a n d st r en gt h en
t h ese pr im a r y a n d secon da r y lin es of de-
fe n s e s w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e .
T h e fi r s t s t e p o f a n e ffe c t i v e m e c h a n i c a l
in t egr it y pr ogr a m is t o com pile a n d ca t -
e g o r i ze a l i s t o f p r o c e s s e q u i p m e n t a n d i n -
s t r u m e n t a t i o n fo r i n c l u s i o n i n t h e p r o g r a m .
T h is list wou ld in clu de pr essu r e vessels, st or -
a ge t a n k s, pr ocess pipin g, r elief a n d ven t
s y s t e m s , fi r e p r o t e c t i o n s y s t e m c o m p o n e n t s ,
em er gen cy sh u t down sy st em s a n d a la r m s
a n d in t er lock s a n d pu m ps. F or t h e ca t -
e g o r i za t i o n o f i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n a n d t h e l i s t e d
e q u i p m e n t t h e e m p l o y e r w o u l d p r i o r i t i ze
wh ich pieces of equ ipm en t r equ ir e closer
s c r u t i n y t h a n o t h e r s . M e a n t i m e t o fa i l u r e o f
va r iou s in st r u m en t a t ion a n d equ ipm en t
p a r t s w o u l d b e k n o w n fr o m t h e m a n u fa c t u r -
e r s d a t a o r t h e e m p l o y e r ’s e x p e r i e n c e w i t h
t h e p a r t s , w h i c h w o u l d t h e n i n fl u e n c e t h e i n -
s p e c t i o n a n d t e s t i n g fr e q u e n c y a n d a s s o c i -
a t ed pr ocedu r es. Also, a pplica ble codes a n d
st a n da r ds su ch a s t h e Na t ion a l Boa r d In spec-
t i o n Co d e , o r t h o s e fr o m t h e A m e r i c a n S o c i -
e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e r i a l , A m e r i c a n P e -
t r oleu m In st it u t e, Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion
Associa t ion , Am er ica n Na t ion a l S t a n da r ds
In st it u t e, Am er ica n S ociet y of Mech a n ica l
E n g i n e e r s , a n d o t h e r g r o u p s , p r o v i d e i n fo r -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a t i o n t o h e l p e s t a b l i s h a n e ffe c t i v e t e s t i n g
363
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00373 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
a n d i n s p e c t i o n fr e q u e n c y , a s w e l l a s a p p r o -
pr ia t e m et h odologies.
T h e a pplica ble codes a n d st a n da r ds pr ovide
c r i t e r i a fo r e x t e r n a l i n s p e c t i o n s fo r s u c h
i t e m s a s fo u n d a t i o n a n d s u p p o r t s , a n c h o r
bolt s, con cr et e or st eel su ppor t s, gu y wir es,
n o zzl e s a n d s p r i n k l e r s , p i p e h a n g e r s , g r o u n d -
in g con n ect ion s, pr ot ect ive coa t in gs a n d in -
s u l a t i o n , a n d e x t e r n a l m e t a l s u r fa c e s o f p i p -
in g a n d vessels, et c. T h ese codes a n d st a n d-
a r d s a l s o p r o v i d e i n fo r m a t i o n o n m e t h o d o l o -
g i e s fo r i n t e r n a l i n s p e c t i o n , a n d a fr e q u e n c y
fo r m u l a b a s e d o n t h e c o r r o s i o n r a t e o f t h e
m a t er ia ls of con st r u ct ion . Also, er osion bot h
in t er n a l a n d ext er n a l n eeds t o be con sider ed
a l o n g w i t h c o r r o s i o n e ffe c t s fo r p i p i n g a n d
v a l v e s . Wh e r e t h e c o r r o s i o n r a t e i s n o t
k n o w n , a m a x i m u m i n s p e c t i o n fr e q u e n c y i s
r ecom m en ded, a n d m et h ods of developin g
t h e cor r osion r a t e a r e a va ila ble in t h e codes.
In t er n a l in spect ion s n eed t o cover it em s
su ch a s vessel sh ell, bot t om a n d h ea d; m et a l-
lic lin in gs; n on m et a llic lin in gs; t h ick n ess
m e a s u r e m e n t s fo r v e s s e l s a n d p i p i n g ; i n s p e c -
t i o n fo r e r o s i o n , c o r r o s i o n , c r a c k i n g a n d
b u l g e s ; i n t e r n a l e q u i p m e n t l i k e t r a y s , b a f-
fl e s , s e n s o r s a n d s c r e e n s fo r e r o s i o n , c o r r o -
s i o n o r c r a c k i n g a n d o t h e r d e fi c i e n c i e s .
S o m e o f t h e s e i n s p e c t i o n s m a y b e p e r fo r m e d
by st a t e of loca l gover n m en t in spect or s
u n der st a t e a n d loca l st a t u t es. However ,
ea ch em ploy er n eeds t o develop pr ocedu r es
t o en su r e t h a t t est s a n d in spect ion s a r e con -
du ct ed pr oper ly a n d t h a t con sist en cy is
m a i n t a i n e d e v e n w h e r e d i ffe r e n t e m p l o y e e s
m a y be in volved. Appr opr ia t e t r a in in g is t o
be pr ovided t o m a in t en a n ce per son n el t o en -
su r e t h a t t h ey u n der st a n d t h e pr even t ive
m a i n t e n a n c e p r o g r a m p r o c e d u r e s , s a fe p r a c -
t ices, a n d t h e pr oper u se a m d a pplica t ion of
specia l equ ipm en t or u n iqu e t ools t h a t m a y
be r equ ir ed. T h is t r a in in g is pa r t of t h e over -
a l l t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m c a l l e d fo r i n t h e s t a n d -
a r d.
A qu a lit y a ssu r a n ce sy st em is n eeded t o
h elp en su r e t h a t t h e pr oper m a t er ia ls of con -
s t r u c t i o n a r e u s e d , t h a t fa b r i c a t i o n a n d i n -
spect ion pr ocedu r es a r e pr oper , a n d t h a t in -
s t a l l a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s r e c o g n i ze fi e l d i n s t a l -
la t ion con cer n s. T h e qu a lit y a ssu r a n ce pr o-
gr a m is a n essen t ia l pa r t of t h e m ech a n ica l
in t egr it y pr ogr a m a n d will h elp t o m a in t a in
t h e p r i m a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y l i n e s o f d e fe n s e
t h a t h a ve been design ed in t o t h e pr ocess t o
pr even t u n wa n t ed ch em ica l r elea ses or t h ose
w h i c h c o n t r o l o r m i t i g a t e a r e l e a s e . ‘‘A s
b u i l t ’’ d r a w i n g s , t o g e t h e r w i t h c e r t i fi c a t i o n s
of coded vessels a n d ot h er equ ipm en t , a n d
m a t e r i a l s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n n e e d t o b e v e r i fi e d
a n d r et a in ed in t h e qu a lit y a ssu r a n ce docu -
m en t a t ion . E qu ipm en t in st a lla t ion jobs n eed
t o b e p r o p e r l y i n s p e c t e d i n t h e fi e l d fo r u s e
of pr oper m a t er ia ls a n d pr ocedu r es a n d t o a s-
s u r e t h a t q u a l i fi e d c r a ft s m e n a r e u s e d t o d o
t h e job. T h e u se of a ppr opr ia t e ga sk et s,
pa ck in g, bolt s, va lves, lu br ica n t s a n d weld-
i n g r o d s n e e d t o b e v e r i fi e d i n t h e fi e l d . A l s o
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 § 1910.119
p r o c e d u r e s fo r i n s t a l l a t i o n o f s a fe t y d e v i c e s
n e e d t o b e v e r i fi e d , s u c h a s t h e t o r q u e o n t h e
b o l t s o n r u p t u r e d d i s c i n s t a l l a t i o n s , u n i fo r m
t o r q u e o n fl a n g e b o l t s , p r o p e r i n s t a l l a t i o n o f
pu m p sea ls, et c. If t h e qu a lit y of pa r t s is a
pr oblem , it m a y be a ppr opr ia t e t o con du ct
a u d i t s o f t h e e q u i p m e n t s u p p l i e r ’s fa c i l i t i e s
t o bet t er a ssu r e pr oper pu r ch a ses of r equ ir ed
e q u i p m e n t w h i c h i s s u i t a b l e fo r i t s i n t e n d e d
ser vice. An y ch a n ges in equ ipm en t t h a t m a y
becom e n ecessa r y will n eed t o go t h r ou gh
t h e m a n a gem en t of ch a n ge pr ocedu r es.
10. N on rou t in e W ork A u t h oriz a t ion s. N o n r o u -
t in e wor k wh ich is con du ct ed in pr ocess
a r ea s n eeds t o be con t r olled by t h e em ploy er
i n a c o n s i s t e n t m a n n e r . T h e h a za r d s i d e n t i -
fi e d i n v o l v i n g t h e w o r k t h a t i s t o b e a c c o m -
plish ed m u st be com m u n ica t ed t o t h ose
doin g t h e wor k , bu t a lso t o t h ose oper a t in g
p e r s o n n e l w h o s e w o r k c o u l d a ffe c t t h e s a fe t y
o f t h e p r o c e s s . A w o r k a u t h o r i za t i o n n o t i c e
or per m it m u st h a ve a pr ocedu r e t h a t de-
scr ibes t h e st eps t h e m a in t en a n ce su per -
visor , con t r a ct or r epr esen t a t ive or ot h er per -
s o n n e e d s t o fo l l o w t o o b t a i n t h e n e c e s s a r y
clea r a n ce t o get t h e job st a r t ed. T h e wor k
a u t h o r i za t i o n p r o c e d u r e s n e e d t o r e fe r e n c e
a n d c o o r d i n a t e , a s a p p l i c a b l e , l o c k o u t /t a g o u t
pr ocedu r es, lin e br ea k in g pr ocedu r es, con -
fi n e d s p a c e e n t r y p r o c e d u r e s a n d h o t w o r k
a u t h o r i za t i o n s . T h i s p r o c e d u r e a l s o n e e d s t o
p r o v i d e c l e a r s t e p s t o fo l l o w o n c e t h e j o b i s
c o m p l e t e d i n o r d e r t o p r o v i d e c l o s u r e fo r
t h ose t h a t n eed t o k n ow t h e job is n ow com -
plet ed a n d equ ipm en t ca n be r et u r n ed t o n or -
m a l.
11. M a n a gin g Ch a n ge. T o p r o p e r l y m a n a g e
ch a n ges t o pr ocess ch em ica ls, t ech n ology ,
e q u i p m e n t a n d fa c i l i t i e s , o n e m u s t d e fi n e
wh a t is m ea n t by ch a n ge. In t h is pr ocess
s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t s t a n d a r d , c h a n g e i n -
c l u d e s a l l m o d i fi c a t i o n s t o e q u i p m e n t , p r o c e -
du r es, r a w m a t er ia ls a n d pr ocessin g con di-
t i o n s o t h e r t h a n ‘‘r e p l a c e m e n t i n k i n d ’’.
T h ese ch a n ges n eed t o be pr oper ly m a n a ged
b y i d e n t i fy i n g a n d r e v i e w i n g t h e m p r i o r t o
im plem en t a t ion of t h e ch a n ge. F or exa m ple,
t h e oper a t in g pr ocedu r es con t a in t h e oper -
a t i n g p a r a m e t e r s (p r e s s u r e l i m i t s , t e m p e r a -
t u r e r a n g e s , fl o w r a t e s , e t c .) a n d t h e i m p o r -
t a n c e o f o p e r a t i n g w i t h i n t h e s e l i m i t s . Wh i l e
t h e o p e r a t o r m u s t h a v e t h e fl e x i b i l i t y t o
m a i n t a i n s a fe o p e r a t i o n w i t h i n t h e e s t a b -
lish ed pa r a m et er s, a n y oper a t ion ou t side of
t h ese pa r a m et er s r equ ir es r eview a n d a p-
pr ova l by a wr it t en m a n a gem en t of ch a n ge
pr ocedu r e.
Ma n a gem en t of ch a n ge cover s su ch a s
ch a n ges in pr ocess t ech n ology a n d ch a n ges
t o e q u i p m e n t a n d i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n . Ch a n g e s
i n p r o c e s s t e c h n o l o g y c a n r e s u l t fr o m
ch a n ges in pr odu ct ion r a t es, r a w m a t er ia ls,
exper im en t a t ion , equ ipm en t u n a va ila bilit y ,
n ew equ ipm en t , n ew pr odu ct developm en t ,
ch a n ge in ca t a ly st a n d ch a n ges in oper a t in g
con dit ion s t o im pr ove y ield or qu a lit y .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
E qu ipm en t ch a n ges in clu de a m on g ot h er s
364
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
ch a n ge in m a t er ia ls of con st r u ct ion , equ ip-
m e n t s p e c i fi c a t i o n s , p i p i n g p r e -a r r a n g e -
m en t s, exper im en t a l equ ipm en t , com pu t er
pr ogr a m r evision s a n d ch a n ges in a la r m s a n d
in t er lock s. E m ploy er s n eed t o est a blish
m ea n s a n d m et h ods t o det ect bot h t ech n ica l
ch a n ges a n d m ech a n ica l ch a n ges.
T em por a r y ch a n ges h a ve ca u sed a n u m ber
of ca t a st r oph es over t h e y ea r s, a n d em ploy -
er s n eed t o est a blish wa y s t o det ect t em -
por a r y ch a n ges a s well a s t h ose t h a t a r e per -
m a n e n t . I t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t a t i m e l i m i t fo r
t em por a r y ch a n ges be est a blish ed a n d m on -
it or ed sin ce, wit h ou t con t r ol, t h ese ch a n ges
m a y t en d t o becom e per m a n en t . T em por a r y
ch a n ges a r e su bject t o t h e m a n a gem en t of
ch a n ge pr ovision s. In a ddit ion , t h e m a n a ge-
m en t of ch a n ge pr ocedu r es a r e u sed t o in su r e
t h a t t h e equ ipm en t a n d pr ocedu r es a r e r e-
t u r n ed t o t h eir or igin a l or design ed con di-
t ion s a t t h e en d of t h e t em por a r y ch a n ge.
P r oper docu m en t a t ion a n d r eview of t h ese
ch a n ges is in va lu a ble in a ssu r in g t h a t t h e
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e b e i n g
in cor por a t ed in t o t h e oper a t in g pr ocedu r es
a n d t h e pr ocess.
E m p l o y e r s m a y w i s h t o d e v e l o p a fo r m o r
c l e a r a n c e s h e e t t o fa c i l i t a t e t h e p r o c e s s i n g
of ch a n ges t h r ou gh t h e m a n a gem en t of
c h a n g e p r o c e d u r e s . A t y p i c a l c h a n g e fo r m
m a y in clu de a descr ipt ion a n d t h e pu r pose of
t h e c h a n g e , t h e t e c h n i c a l b a s i s fo r t h e
c h a n g e , s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h c o n s i d e r a t i o n s ,
d o c u m e n t a t i o n o f c h a n g e s fo r t h e o p e r a t i n g
pr ocedu r es, m a in t en a n ce pr ocedu r es, in spec-
t i o n a n d t e s t i n g , P &I D s , e l e c t r i c a l c l a s s i fi c a -
t ion , t r a in in g a n d com m u n ica t ion s, pr e-
st a r t u p in spect ion , du r a t ion if a t em por a r y
c h a n g e , a p p r o v a l s a n d a u t h o r i za t i o n . Wh e r e
t h e im pa ct of t h e ch a n ge is m in or a n d well
u n der st ood, a ch eck list r eviewed by a n a u -
t h o r i ze d p e r s o n w i t h p r o p e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n
t o o t h e r s w h o a r e a ffe c t e d m a y b e s u ffi c i e n t .
H o w e v e r , fo r a m o r e c o m p l e x o r s i g n i fi c a n t
d e s i g n c h a n g e , a h a za r d e v a l u a t i o n p r o c e d u r e
wit h a ppr ova ls by oper a t ion s, m a in t en a n ce,
a n d s a fe t y d e p a r t m e n t s m a y b e a p p r o p r i a t e .
Ch a n g e s i n d o c u m e n t s s u c h a s P &I D s , r a w
m a t er ia ls, oper a t in g pr ocedu r es, m ech a n ica l
i n t e g r i t y p r o g r a m s , e l e c t r i c a l c l a s s i fi c a -
t i o n s , e t c ., n e e d t o b e n o t e d s o t h a t t h e s e r e -
vision s ca n be m a de per m a n en t wh en t h e
dr a win gs a n d pr ocedu r e m a n u a ls a r e u p-
d a t e d . Co p i e s o f p r o c e s s c h a n g e s n e e d t o b e
k ept in a n a ccessible loca t ion t o en su r e t h a t
design ch a n ges a r e a va ila ble t o oper a t in g
per son n el a s well a s t o P HA t ea m m em ber s
wh en a P HA is bein g don e or on e is bein g u p-
da t ed.
12. I n v est iga t ion of I n cid en t s. I n c i d e n t i n v e s -
t i g a t i o n i s t h e p r o c e s s o f i d e n t i fy i n g t h e u n -
der ly in g ca u ses of in ciden t s a n d im ple-
m e n t i n g s t e p s t o p r e v e n t s i m i l a r e v e n t s fr o m
occu r r in g. T h e in t en t of a n in ciden t in ves-
t i g a t i o n i s fo r e m p l o y e r s t o l e a r n fr o m p a s t
exper ien ces a n d t h u s a void r epea t in g pa st
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
m i s t a k e s . T h e i n c i d e n t s fo r w h i c n OS H A e x -
pect s em ploy er s t o becom e a wa r e a n d t o in -
vest iga t e a r e t h e t y pes of even t s wh ich r e-
su lt in or cou ld r ea son a bly h a ve r esu lt ed in
a ca t a st r oph ic r elea se. S om e of t h e even t s
a r e s o m e t i m e s r e fe r r e d t o a s ‘‘n e a r m i s s e s ,’’
m ea n in g t h a t a ser iou s con sequ en ce did n ot
occu r , bu t cou ld h a ve.
E m p l o y e r s n e e d t o d e v e l o p i n -h o u s e c a p a -
bilit y t o in vest iga t e in ciden t s t h a t occu r in
t h e i r fa c i l i t i e s . A t e a m n e e d s t o b e a s s e m -
bled by t h e em ploy er a n d t r a in ed in t h e t ech -
n iqu es of in vest iga t ion in clu din g h ow t o con -
du ct in t er views of wit n esses, n eeded docu -
m e n t a t i o n a n d r e p o r t w r i t i n g . A m u l t i -d i s -
ciplin a r y t ea m is bet t er a ble t o ga t h er t h e
fa c t s o f t h e e v e n t a n d t o a n a l y ze t h e m a n d
develop pla u sible scen a r ios a s t o wh a t h a p-
pen ed, a n d wh y . T ea m m em ber s sh ou ld be se-
lect ed on t h e ba sis of t h eir t r a in in g, k n owl-
e d g e a n d a b i l i t y t o c o n t r i b u t e t o a t e a m e f-
fo r t t o fu l l y i n v e s t i g a t e t h e i n c i d e n t . E m -
ploy ees in t h e pr ocess a r ea wh er e t h e in ci-
den t occu r r ed sh ou ld be con su lt ed, in t er -
viewed or m a de a m em ber of t h e t ea m . T h eir
k n o w l e d g e o f t h e e v e n t s fo r m a s i g n i fi c a n t
s e t o f fa c t s a b o u t t h e i n c i d e n t w h i c h o c -
c u r r e d . T h e r e p o r t , i t s fi n d i n g s a n d r e c -
om m en da t ion s a r e t o be sh a r ed wit h t h ose
w h o c a n b e n e fi t fr o m t h e i n fo r m a t i o n . T h e
cooper a t ion of em ploy ees is essen t ia l t o a n
e ffe c t i v e i n c i d e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n . T h e fo c u s o f
t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s h o u l d b e t o o b t a i n fa c t s ,
a n d n ot t o pla ce bla m e. T h e t ea m a n d t h e in -
vest iga t ion pr ocess sh ou ld clea r ly dea l wit h
a l l i n v o l v e d i n d i v i d u a l s i n a fa i r , o p e n a n d
con sist en t m a n n er .
13. E m ergen cy P rep a red n ess. E a c h e m p l o y e r
m u st a ddr ess wh a t a ct ion s em ploy ees a r e t o
t a k e wh en t h er e is a n u n wa n t ed r elea se of
h i g h l y h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s . E m e r g e n c y p r e -
p a r e d n e s s o r t h e e m p l o y e r ’s t e r t i a r y (t h i r d )
l i n e s o f d e fe n s e a r e t h o s e t h a t w i l l b e r e l i e d
o n a l o n g w i t h t h e s e c o n d a r y l i n e s o f d e fe n s e
w h e n t h e p r i m a r y l i n e s o f d e fe n s e w h i c h a r e
u s e d t o p r e v e n t a n u n w a n t e d r e l e a s e fa i l t o
st op t h e r elea se. E m ploy er s will n eed t o de-
cide if t h ey wa n t em ploy ees t o h a n dle a n d
st op sm a ll or m in or in ciden t a l r elea ses.
Wh e t h e r t h e y w i s h t o m o b i l i ze t h e a v a i l a b l e
r esou r ces a t t h e pla n t a n d h a ve t h em
b r o u g h t t o b e a r o n a m o r e s i g n i fi c a n t r e -
l e a s e . Or w h e t h e r e m p l o y e r s w a n t t h e i r e m -
ploy ees t o eva cu a t e t h e da n ger a r ea a n d
p r o m p t l y e s c a p e t o a p r e p l a n n e d s a fe zo n e
a r ea , a n d a llow t h e loca l com m u n it y em er -
g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s t o h a n d l e t h e
r e l e a s e . Or w h e t h e r t h e e m p l o y e r w a n t s t o
u se som e com bin a t ion of t h ese a ct ion s. E m -
p l o y e r s w i l l n e e d t o s e l e c t h o w m a n y d i f-
fe r e n t e m e r g e n c y p r e p a r e d n e s s o r t e r t i a r y
l i n e s o f d e fe n s e t h e y p l a n t o h a v e a n d t h e n
develop t h e n ecessa r y pla n s a n d pr ocedu r es,
a n d a ppr opr ia t ely t r a in em ploy ees in t h eir
em er gen cy du t ies a n d r espon sibilit ies a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e n i m p l e m e n t t h e s e l i n e s o f d e fe n s e .
365
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00375 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
E m ploy er s a t a m in im u m m u st h a ve a n
e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n w h i c h w i l l fa c i l i t a t e
t h e pr om pt eva cu a t ion of em ploy ees du e t o
a n u n w a n t e d r e l e a s e o f a h i g h l y h a za r d o u s
ch em ica l. T h is m ea n s t h a t t h e em ploy er will
h a ve a pla n t h a t will be a ct iva t ed by a n
a la r m sy st em t o a ler t em ploy ees wh en t o
eva cu a t e a n d, t h a t em ploy ees wh o a r e ph y s-
ica lly im pa ir ed, will h a ve t h e n ecessa r y su p-
p o r t a n d a s s i s t a n c e t o g e t t h e m t o t h e s a fe
zo n e a s w e l l . T h e i n t e n t o f t h e s e r e q u i r e -
m en t s is t o a ler t a n d m ove em ploy ees t o a
s a fe zo n e q u i c k l y . D e l a y i n g a l a r m s o r c o n -
fu s i n g a l a r m s a r e t o b e a v o i d e d . T h e u s e o f
pr ocess con t r ol cen t er s or sim ila r pr ocess
b u i l d i n g s i n t h e p r o c e s s a r e a a s s a fe a r e a s i s
discou r a ged. R ecen t ca t a st r oph es h a ve
s h o w n t h a t a l a r g e l i fe l o s s h a s o c c u r r e d i n
t h ese st r u ct u r es beca u se of wh er e t h ey h a ve
been sit ed a n d beca u se t h ey a r e n ot n ec-
e s s a r i l y d e s i g n e d t o w i t h s t a n d o v e r -p r e s s u r e s
fr o m s h o c k w a v e s r e s u l t i n g fr o m e x p l o s i o n s
in t h e pr ocess a r ea .
Un wa n t ed in ciden t a l r elea ses of h igh ly
h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s i n t h e p r o c e s s a r e a
m u st be a ddr essed by t h e em ploy er a s t o
wh a t a ct ion s em ploy ees a r e t o t a k e. If t h e
em ploy er wa n t s em ploy ees t o eva cu a t e t h e
a r ea , t h en t h e em er gen cy a ct ion pla n will be
a ct iva t ed. F or ou t door pr ocesses wh er e win d
d i r e c t i o n i s i m p o r t a n t fo r s e l e c t i n g t h e s a fe
r o u t e t o a r e fu g e a r e a , t h e e m p l o y e r s h o u l d
pla ce a win d dir ect ion in dica t or su ch a s a
win d sock or pen n a n t a t t h e h igh est poin t
t h a t ca n be seen t h r ou gh ou t t h e pr ocess
a r ea . E m ploy ees ca n m ove in t h e dir ect ion of
c r o s s w i n d t o u p w i n d t o g a i n s a fe a c c e s s t o
t h e r e fu g e a r e a b y k n o w i n g t h e w i n d d i r e c -
t ion .
I f t h e e m p l o y e r w a n t s s p e c i fi c e m p l o y e e s
in t h e r elea se a r ea t o con t r ol or st op t h e
m in or em er gen cy or in ciden t a l r elea se, t h ese
a c t i o n s m u s t b e p l a n n e d fo r i n a d v a n c e a n d
pr ocedu r es developed a n d im plem en t ed.
P r e p l a n n i n g fo r h a n d l i n g i n c i d e n t a l r e l e a s e s
fo r m i n o r e m e r g e n c i e s i n t h e p r o c e s s a r e a
n e e d s t o b e d o n e , a p p r o p r i a t e e q u i p m e n t fo r
t h e h a za r d s m u s t b e p r o v i d e d , a n d t r a i n i n g
c o n d u c t e d fo r t h o s e e m p l o y e e s w h o w i l l p e r -
fo r m t h e e m e r g e n c y w o r k b e fo r e t h e y r e -
spon d t o h a n dle a n a ct u a l r elea se. T h e em -
p l o y e r ’s t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m , i n c l u d i n g t h e
H a za r d Co m m u n i c a t i o n s t a n d a r d t r a i n i n g i s
t o a d d r e s s t h e t r a i n i n g n e e d s fo r e m p l o y e e s
wh o a r e expect ed t o h a n dle in ciden t a l or
m in or r elea ses.
P r e p l a n n i n g fo r r e l e a s e s t h a t a r e m o r e s e -
r iou s t h a n in ciden t a l r elea ses is a n ot h er im -
p o r t a n t l i n e o f d e fe n s e t o b e u s e d b y t h e e m -
p l o y e r . Wh e n a s e r i o u s r e l e a s e o f a h i g h l y
h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l o c c u r s , t h e e m p l o y e r
t h r ou gh pr epla n n in g will h a ve det er m in ed in
a dva n ce wh a t a ct ion s em ploy ees a r e t o t a k e.
T h e eva cu a t ion of t h e im m edia t e r elea se
a r ea a n d ot h er a r ea s a s n ecessa r y wou ld be
a ccom plish ed u n der t h e em er gen cy a ct ion
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.119
pla n . If t h e em ploy er wish es t o u se pla n t per -
s o n n e l s u c h a s a fi r e b r i g a d e , s p i l l c o n t r o l
t e a m , a h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s t e a m , o r u s e
em ploy ees t o r en der a id t o t h ose in t h e im -
m edia t e r elea se a r ea a n d con t r ol or m it iga t e
t h e in ciden t , t h ese a ct ion s a r e cover ed by
§ 1910.120, t h e H a za r d o u s Wa s t e Op e r a t i o n s
a n d E m e r g e n c y R e s p o n s e (H A Z WOP E R )
st a n da r d. If ou t side a ssist a n ce is n ecessa r y ,
su ch a s t h r ou gh m u t u a l a id a gr eem en t s be-
t ween em ploy er s or loca l gover n m en t em er -
g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s , t h e s e e m e r -
gen cy r espon der s a r e a lso cover ed by
H A Z WOP E R . T h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o t e c -
t i o n s r e q u i r e d fo r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n d e r s a r e
t h e r espon sibilit y of t h eir em ploy er s a n d of
t h e o n -s c e n e i n c i d e n t c o m m a n d e r .
R espon der s m a y be wor k in g u n der ver y
h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n s a n d t h e r e fo r e t h e o b -
ject ive is t o h a ve t h em com pet en t ly led by
a n o n -s c e n e i n c i d e n t c o m m a n d e r a n d t h e
c o m m a n d e r ’s s t a ff, p r o p e r l y e q u i p p e d t o d o
t h e i r a s s i g n e d w o r k s a fe l y , a n d fu l l y t r a i n e d
t o c a r r y o u t t h e i r d u t i e s s a fe l y b e fo r e t h e y
r espon d t o a n em er gen cy . Dr ills, t r a in in g ex-
er cises, or sim u la t ion s wit h t h e loca l com -
m u n it y em er gen cy r espon se pla n n er s a n d r e-
s p o n d e r o r g a n i za t i o n s i s o n e m e a n s t o o b t a i n
bet t er pr epa r edn ess. T h is close cooper a t ion
a n d coor din a t ion bet ween pla n t a n d loca l
com m u n it y em er gen cy pr epa r edn ess m a n -
a ger s will a lso a id t h e em ploy er in com -
ply in g wit h t h e E n vir on m en t a l P r ot ect ion
A g e n c y ’s R i s k M a n a g e m e n t P l a n c r i t e r i a .
On e e ffe c t i v e w a y fo r m e d i u m t o l a r g e fa -
cilit ies t o en h a n ce coor din a t ion a n d com m u -
n i c a t i o n d u r i n g e m e r g e n c i e s fo r o n p l a n t o p -
e r a t i o n s a n d w i t h l o c a l c o m m u n i t y o r g a n i za -
t i o n s i s fo r e m p l o y e r s t o e s t a b l i s h a n d e q u i p
a n em er gen cy con t r ol cen t er . T h e em er gen cy
c o n t r o l c e n t e r w o u l d b e s i t e d i n a s a fe zo n e
a r ea so t h a t it cou ld be occu pied t h r ou gh ou t
t h e du r a t ion of a n em er gen cy . T h e cen t er
wou ld ser ve a s t h e m a jor ccom m u n ica t ion
l i n k b e t w e e n t h e o n -s c e n e i n c i d e n t c o m -
m a n der a n d pla n t or cor por a t e m a n a gem en t
a s w e l l a s w i t h t h e l o c a l c o m m u n i t y o ffi -
cia ls. T h e com m u n ica t ion equ ipm en t in t h e
em er gen cy con t r ol cen t er sh ou ld in clu de a
n e t w o r k t o r e c e i v e a n d t r a n s m i t i n fo r m a t i o n
by t eleph on e, r a dio or ot h er m ea n s. It is im -
por t a n t t o h a ve a ba ck u p com m u n ica t ion
n e t w o r k i n c a s e o f p o w e r fa i l u r e o r o n e c o m -
m u n i c a t i o n m e a n s fa i l s . T h e c e n t e r s h o u l d
a lso be equ ipped wit h t h e pla n t la y ou t a n d
com m u n it y m a ps, u t ilit y dr a win gs in clu din g
fi r e w a t e r , e m e r g e n c y l i g h t i n g , a p p r o p r i a t e
r e fe r e n c e m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s a g o v e r n m e n t
a g e n c y n o t i fi c a t i o n l i s t , c o m p a n y p e r s o n n e l
ph on e list , S AR A T it le III r epor t s a n d m a t e-
r i a l s a fe t y d a t a s h e e t s , e m e r g e n c y p l a n s a n d
pr ocedu r es m a n u a l, a list in g wit h t h e loca -
t ion of em er gen cy r espon se equ ipm en t , m u -
t u a l a i d i n fo r m a t i o n , a n d a c c e s s t o m e t e o r o -
logica l or wea t h er con dit ion da t a a n d a n y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
disper sion m odelin g da t a .
366
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00376 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
14. Com p lia n ce A u d it s. E m p l o y e r s n e e d t o
select a t r a in ed in dividu a l or a ssem ble a
t r a in ed t ea m of people t o a u dit t h e pr ocess
s a fe t y m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m a n d p r o g r a m . A
sm a ll pr ocess or pla n t m a y n eed on ly on e
k n owledgea ble per son t o con du ct a n a u dit .
T h e a u dit is t o in clu de a n eva lu a t ion of t h e
d e s i g n a n d e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y
m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m a n d a fi e l d i n s p e c t i o n o f
t h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h c o n d i t i o n s a n d p r a c -
t i c e s t o v e r i fy t h a t t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s y s t e m s
a r e e ffe c t i v e l y i m p l e m e n t e d . T h e a u d i t
sh ou ld be con du ct ed or lea d by a per son
k n owledgea ble in a u dit t ech n iqu es a n d wh o
i s i m p a r t i a l t o w a r d s t h e fa c i l i t y o r a r e a
bein g a u dit ed. T h e essen t ia l elem en t s of a n
a u d i t p r o g r a m i n c l u d e p l a n n i n g , s t a ffi n g ,
con du t in g t h e a u dit , eva lu a t ion a n d cor r ec-
t i v e a c t i o n , fo l l o w -u p a n d d o c u m e n t a t i o n .
P la n n in g in a dva n ce is essen t ia l t o t h e su c-
cess of t h e a u dit in g pr ocess. E a ch em ploy er
n e e d s t o e s t a b l i s h t h e fo r m a t , s t a ffi n g ,
s c h e d u l i n g a n d v e r i fi c a t i o n m e t h o d s p r i o r t o
c o n d u c t i n g t h e a u d i t . T h e fo r m a t s h o u l d b e
design ed t o pr ovide t h e lea d a u dit or wit h a
pr ocedu r e or ch eck list wh ich det a ils t h e r e-
qu ir em en t s of ea ch sect ion of t h e st a n da r d.
T h e n a m es of t h e a u dit t ea m m em ber s
s h o u l d b e l i s t e d a s p a r t o f t h e fo r m a t a s w e l l .
T h e ch eck list , if pr oper ly design ed, cou ld
s e r v e a s t h e v e r i fi c a t i o n s h e e t w h i c h p r o -
v i d e s t h e a u d i t o r w i t h t h e n e c e s s a r y i n fo r -
m a t ion t o expedit e t h e r eview a n d a ssu r e
t h a t n o r equ ir em en t s of t h e st a n da r d a r e
o m i t t e d . T h i s v e r i fi c a t i o n s h e e t fo r m a t
c o u l d a l s o i d e n t i fy t h o s e e l e m e n t s t h a t w i l l
r equ ir e eva lu a t ion or a r espon se t o cor r ect
d e fi c i e n c i e s . T h i s s h e e t c o u l d a l s o b e u s e d fo r
d e v e l o p i n g t h e fo l l o w -u p a n d d o c u m e n t a t i o n
r equ ir em en t s.
T h e s e l e c t i o n o f e ffe c t i v e a u d i t t e a m m e m -
ber s is cr it ica l t o t h e su ccess of t h e pr ogr a m .
T e a m m e m b e r s s h o u l d b e c h o s e n fo r t h e i r e x -
per ien ce, k n owledge, a n d t r a in in g a n d sh ou ld
b e fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e p r o c e s s e s a n d w i t h a u -
dit in g t ech n iqu es, pr a ct ices a n d pr ocedu r es.
T h e s i ze o f t h e t e a m w i l l v a r y d e p e n d i n g o n
t h e s i ze a n d c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e p r o c e s s u n d e r
con sider a t ion . F or a la r ge, com plex, h igh ly
in st r u m en t ed pla n t , it m a y be desir a ble t o
h a ve t ea m m em ber s wit h exper t ise in pr oc-
ess en gin eer in g a n d design , pr ocess ch em -
ist r y , in st r u m en t a t ion a n d com pu t er con -
t r o l s , e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s a n d c l a s s i fi c a t i o n s ,
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h d i s c i p l i n e s , m a i n t e n a n c e ,
em er gen cy pr epa r edn ess, wa r eh ou sin g or
s h i p p i n g , a n d p r o c e s s s a fe t y a u d i t i n g . T h e
t e a m m a y u s e p a r t -t i m e m e m b e r s t o p r o v i d e
fo r t h e d e p t h o f e x p e r t i s e r e q u i r e d a s w e l l a s
fo r w h a t i s a c t u a l l y d o n e o r fo l l o w e d , c o m -
pa r ed t o wh a t is wr it t en .
A n e ffe c t i v e a u d i t i n c l u d e s a r e v i e w o f t h e
r e l e v a n t d o c u m e n t a t i o n a n d p r o c e s s s a fe t y
i n fo r m a t i o n , i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e p h y s i c a l fa -
cilit ies, a n d in t er views wit h a ll levels of
p l a n t p e r s o n n e l . U t i l i zi n g t h e a u d i t p r o c e -
du r e and ch eck list developed in t he
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
pr epla n n in g st a ge, t h e a u dit t ea m ca n sy s-
t e m a t i c a l l y a n a l y ze c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e
pr ovision s of t h e st a n da r d a n d a n y ot h er cor -
por a t e policies t h a t a r e r eleva n t . F or exa m -
ple, t h e a u dit t ea m will r eview a ll a spect s of
t h e t r a in in g pr ogr a m a s pa r t of t h e over a ll
a u dit . T h e t ea m will r eview t h e wr it t en
t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m fo r a d e q u a c y o f c o n t e n t ,
fr e q u e n c y o f t r a i n i n g , e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t r a i n -
in g in t er m s of it s goa ls a n d object ives a s
w e l l a s t o h o w i t fi t s i n t o m e e t i n g t h e s t a n d -
a r d ’s r e q u i r e m e n t s , d o c u m e n t a t i o n , e t c .
T h r ou gh in t er views, t h e t ea m ca n det er m in e
t h e e m p l o y e e ’s k n o w l e d g e a n d a w a r e n e s s o f
t h e s a fe t y p r o c e d u r e s , d u t i e s , r u l e s , e m e r -
gen cy r espon se a ssign m en t s, et c. Du r in g t h e
in spect ion , t h e t ea m ca n obser ve a ct u a l
p r a c t i c e s s u c h a s s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p o l i c i e s ,
p r o c e d u r e s , a n d w o r k a u t h o r i za t i o n p r a c -
t ices. T h is a ppr oa ch en a bles t h e t ea m t o
i d e n t i fy d e fi c i e n c i e s a n d d e t e r m i n e w h e r e
cor r ect ive a ct ion s or im pr ovem en t s a r e n ec-
essa r y .
A n a u d i t i s a t e c h n i q u e u s e d t o g a t h e r s u f-
fi c i e n t fa c t s a n d i n fo r m a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g s t a -
t i s t i c a l i n fo r m a t i o n , t o v e r i fy c o m p l i a n c e
wit h st a n da r ds. Au dit or s sh ou ld select a s
p a r t o f t h e i r p r e p l a n n i n g a s a m p l e s i ze s u ffi -
c i e n t t o g i v e a d e g r e e o f c o n fi d e n c e t h a t t h e
a u d i t r e fl e c t s t h e l e v e l o f c o m p l i a n c e w i t h
t h e st a n da r d. T h e a u dit t ea m , t h r ou gh t h is
sy st em a t ic a n a ly sis, sh ou ld docu m en t a r ea s
wh ich r equ ir e cor r ect ive a ct ion a s well a s
t h o s e a r e a s w h e r e t h e p r o c e s s s a fe t y m a n -
a g e m e n t s y s t e m i s e ffe c t i v e a n d w o r k i n g i n
a n e ffe c t i v e m a n n e r . T h i s p r o v i d e s a r e c o r d
o f t h e a u d i t p r o c e d u r e s a n d fi n d i n g s , a n d
s e r v e s a s a b a s e l i n e o f o p e r a t i o n d a t a fo r fu -
t u r e a u d i t s . I t w i l l a s s i s t fu t u r e a u d i t o r s i n
d e t e r m i n i n g c h a n g e s o r t r e n d s fr o m p r e v i o u s
a u dit s.
Co r r e c t i v e a c t i o n i s o n e o f t h e m o s t i m p o r -
t a n t pa r t s of t h e a u dit . It in clu des n ot on ly
a d d r e s s i n g t h e i d e n t i fi e d d e fi c i e n c i e s , b u t
a l s o p l a n n i n g , fo l l o w u p , a n d d o c u m e n t a t i o n .
T h e cor r ect ive a ct ion pr ocess n or m a lly be-
gin s wit h a m a n a gem en t r eview of t h e a u dit
fi n d i n g s . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s r e v i e w i s t o d e -
t er m in e wh a t a ct ion s a r e a ppr opr ia t e, a n d t o
est a blish pr ior it ies, t im et a bles, r esou r ce a l-
loca t ion s a n d r equ ir em en t s a n d r espon sibil-
it ies. In som e ca ses, cor r ect ive a ct ion m a y
in volve a sim ple ch a n ge in pr ocedu r e or
m i n o r m a i n t e n a n c e e ffo r t t o r e m e d y t h e c o n -
cer n . Ma n a gem en t of ch a n ge pr ocedu r es n eed
t o b e u s e d , a s a p p r o p r i a t e , e v e n fo r w h a t
m a y seem t o be a m in or ch a n ge. Ma n y of t h e
d e fi c i e n c i e s c a n b e a c t e d o n p r o m p t l y , w h i l e
som e m a y r equ ir e en gin eer in g st u dies or in -
dept h r eview of a ct u a l pr ocedu r es a n d pr a c-
t ices. T h er e m a y be in st a n ces wh er e n o a c-
t ion is n ecessa r y a n d t h is is a va lid r espon se
t o a n a u d i t fi n d i n g . A l l a c t i o n s t a k e n , i n -
clu din g a n expla n a t ion wh er e n o a ct ion is
t a k e n o n a fi n d i n g , n e e d s t o b e d o c u m e n t e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a s t o wh a t wa s don e a n d wh y .
367
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00377 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.119
I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o a s s u r e t h a t e a c h d e fi -
c i e n c y i d e n t i fi e d i s a d d r e s s e d , t h e c o r r e c t i v e
a ct ion t o be t a k en n ot ed, a n d t h e a u dit per -
son or t ea m r espon sible be pr oper ly docu -
m en t ed by t h e em ploy er . T o con t r ol t h e cor -
r ect ive a ct ion pr ocess, t h e em ploy er sh ou ld
con sider t h e u se of a t r a ck in g sy st em . T h is
t r a ck in g sy st em m igh t in clu de per iodic st a -
t u s r e p o r t s s h a r e d w i t h a ffe c t e d l e v e l s o f
m a n a g e m e n t , s p e c i fi c r e p o r t s s u c h a s c o m -
p l e t i o n o f a n e n g i n e e r i n g s t u d y , a n d a fi n a l
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n r e p o r t t o p r o v i d e c l o s u r e fo r
a u d i t fi n d i n g s t h a t h a v e b e e n t h r o u g h m a n -
a gem en t of ch a n ge, if a ppr opr ia t e, a n d t h en
s h a r e d w i t h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s a n d m a n a g e -
m en t . T h is t y pe of t r a ck in g sy st em pr ovides
t h e em ploy er wit h t h e st a t u s of t h e cor r ec-
t ive a ct ion . It a lso pr ovides t h e docu m en t a -
t i o n r e q u i r e d t o v e r i fy t h a t a p p r o p r i a t e c o r -
r e c t i v e a c t i o n s w e r e t a k e n o n d e fi c i e n c i e s
i d e n t i fi e d i n t h e a u d i t .
A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.119—S OU R CE S OF
F U R T H E R I N F OR M A T I ON (N ON M A N D A T OR Y )
1. Ce n t e r fo r Ch e m i c a l P r o c e s s S a fe t y ,
A m e r i c a n I n s t i t u t e o f Ch e m i c a l E n g i n e e r s ,
345 E a s t 47t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10017,
(212) 705–7319.
2. ‘‘G u i d e l i n e s fo r H a za r d E v a l u a t i o n P r o -
c e d u r e s ,’’ A m e r i c a n I n s t i t u t e o f Ch e m i c a l
E n g i n e e r s ; 345 E a s t 47t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k ,
N Y 10017.
3. ‘‘G u i d e l i n e s fo r T e c h n i c a l M a n a g e m e n t
o f Ch e m i c a l P r o c e s s S a fe t y ,’’ Ce n t e r fo r
Ch e m i c a l P r o c e s s S a fe t y o f t h e A m e r i c a n I n -
s t i t u t e o f Ch e m i c a l E n g i n e e r s ; 345 E a s t 47t h
S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10017.
4. ‘‘E v a l u a t i n g P r o c e s s S a fe t y i n t h e Ch e m -
i c a l I n d u s t r y ,’’ Ch e m i c a l M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s -
s o c i a t i o n ; 2501 M S t r e e t N W, Wa s h i n g t o n , D C
20037.
5. ‘‘S a fe Wa r e h o u s i n g o f Ch e m i c a l s ,’’
Ch e m i c a l M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s s o c i a t i o n ; 2501 M
S t r e e t N W, Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20037.
6. ‘‘M a n a g e m e n t o f P r o c e s s H a za r d s ,’’
A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t e (A P I R e c -
o m m e n d e d P r a c t i c e 750); 1220 L S t r e e t , N .W.,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C. 20005.
7. ‘‘I m p r o v i n g Ow n e r a n d Co n t r a c t o r S a fe -
t y P e r fo r m a n c e ,’’ A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i -
t u t e (A P I R e c o m m e n d e d P r a c t i c e 2220); A P I ,
1220 L S t r e e t N .W., Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C. 20005.
8. Ch e m i c a l M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s s o c i a t i o n
(CM A ’s M a n a g e r G u i d e ), F i r s t E d i t i o n , S e p -
t e m b e r 1991; CM A , 2501 M S t r e e t , N .W.,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C. 20037.
9. ‘‘I m p r o v i n g Co n s t r u c t i o n S a fe t y P e r -
fo r m a n c e ,’’ R e p o r t A –3, T h e B u s i n e s s R o u n d -
t a b l e ; T h e B u s i n e s s R o u n d t a b l e , 200 P a r k A v -
e n u e , N e w Y o r k , N Y 10166. (R e p o r t i n c l u d e s
c r i t e r i a t o e v a l u a t e c o n t r a c t o r s a fe t y p e r -
fo r m a n c e a n d c r i t e r i a t o e n h a n c e c o n t r a c t o r
s a fe t y p e r fo r m a n c e ).
10. ‘‘R e c o m m e n d e d G u i d e l i n e s fo r Co n -
t r a c t o r S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h ,’’ T e x a s Ch e m i c a l
Co u n c i l ; T e x a s Ch e m i c a l Co u n c i l , 1402
N u e c e s S t r e e t , A u s t i n , T X 78701–1534.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
11. ‘‘L o s s P r e v e n t i o n i n t h e P r o c e s s I n d u s -
t r i e s ,’’ V o l u m e s I a n d I I ; F r a n k P . L e e s ,
B u t t e r w o r t h ; L o n d o n 1983.
12. ‘‘S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h P r o g r a m M a n a g e -
m e n t G u i d e l i n e s ,’’ 1989; U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
L a b o r , Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A d -
m in ist r a t ion .
13. ‘‘S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h G u i d e fo r t h e Ch e m -
i c a l I n d u s t r y ,’’ 1986, (OS H A 3091); U .S . D e -
p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d
H e a l t h A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ; 200 Co n s t i t u t i o n A v -
e n u e , N .W., Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C. 20210.
14. ‘‘R e v i e w o f E m e r g e n c y S y s t e m s ,’’ J u n e
1988; U .S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y
(E P A ), Offi c e o f S o l i d Wa s t e a n d E m e r g e n c y
R e s p o n s e , Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20460.
15. ‘‘T e c h n i c a l G u i d a n c e fo r H a za r d s A n a l -
y s i s , E m e r g e n c y P l a n n i n g fo r E x t r e m e l y
H a za r d o u s S u b s t a n c e s ,’’ D e c e m b e r 1987; U .S .
E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y (E P A ),
F eder a l E m er gen cy Ma n a gem en t Adm in is-
t r a t i o n (F E M A ) a n d U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (D OT ), Wa s h i n g t o n , D C 20460.
16. ‘‘A c c i d e n t I n v e s t i g a t i o n * * * A N e w
A p p r o a c h ,’’ 1983, N a t i o n a l S a fe t y Co u n c i l ; 444
N o r t h M i c h i g a n A v e n u e , Ch i c a g o , I L 60611–
3991.
17. ‘‘F i r e & E x p l o s i o n I n d e x H a za r d Cl a s s i -
fi c a t i o n G u i d e ,’’ 6t h E d i t i o n , M a y 1987, D o w
Ch e m i c a l Co m p a n y ; M i d l a n d , M i c h i g a n 48674.
18. ‘‘Ch e m i c a l E x p o s u r e I n d e x ,’’ M a y 1988,
D o w Ch e m i c a l Co m p a n y ; M i d l a n d , M i c h i g a n
48674.
[57 F R 6403, F e b . 24, 1992; 57 F R 7847, M a r . 4,
1992, a s a m e n d e d a t 61 F R 9238, M a r . 7, 1996;
67 F R 67964, N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations
and emergency response.
(a ) S cop e, a p p lica t ion , a n d d ef in it ion s—
(1) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n c o v e r s t h e fo l -
lowin g oper a t ion s, u n less t h e em ploy er
ca n dem on st r a t e t h a t t h e oper a t ion
does n ot in volve em ploy ee exposu r e or
t h e r e a s o n a b l e p o s s i b i l i t y fo r e m p l o y e e
e x p o s u r e t o s a fe t y o r h e a l t h h a za r d s :
(i ) Cl e a n -u p o p e r a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y a
gover n m en t a l body , wh et h er F eder a l,
s t a t e , l o c a l o r o t h e r i n v o l v i n g h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces t h a t a r e con du ct ed
a t u n c o n t r o l l e d h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e s
(i n c l u d i n g , b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o , t h e
E P A ’s N a t i o n a l P r i o r i t y S i t e L i s t
(N P L ), s t a t e p r i o r i t y s i t e l i s t s , s i t e s
r e c o m m e n d e d fo r t h e E P A N P L , a n d
in it ia l in vest iga t ion s of gover n m en t
i d e n t i fi e d s i t e s w h i c h a r e c o n d u c t e d b e -
fo r e t h e p r e s e n c e o r a b s e n c e o f h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces has been
a s c e r t a i n e d );
(i i ) Co r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s i n v o l v i n g
c l e a n -u p o p e r a t i o n s a t s i t e s c o v e r e d b y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e R e s o u r c e Co n s e r v a t i o n a n d R e c o v -
368
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00378 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
e r y A c t o f 1976 (R CR A ) a s a m e n d e d (42
U .S .C. 6901 et seq.);
(i i i ) V o l u n t a r y c l e a n -u p o p e r a t i o n s a t
s i t e s r e c o g n i ze d b y F e d e r a l , s t a t e , l o c a l
or ot h er gover n m en t a l bodies a s u n con -
t r o l l e d h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e s ;
(i v ) Op e r a t i o n s i n v o l v i n g h a za r d o u s
wa st es t h a t a r e con du ct ed a t t r ea t -
m e n t , s t o r a g e , a n d d i s p o s a l (T S D ) fa -
c i l i t i e s r e g u l a t e d b y 40 CF R p a r t s 264
a n d 265 p u r s u a n t t o R CR A ; o r b y a g e n -
c i e s u n d e r a g r e e m e n t w i t h U .S .E .P .A .
t o i m p l e m e n t R CR A r e g u l a t i o n s ; a n d
(v ) E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o p e r a t i o n s
fo r r e l e a s e s o f, o r s u b s t a n t i a l t h r e a t s o f
r e l e a s e s o f, h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s w i t h -
o u t r e g a r d t o t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e h a z-
a r d.
(2) A p p lica t ion . (i ) A l l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r t 1910 a n d p a r t 1926 o f t i t l e 29 o f t h e
Co d e o f F e d e r a l R e g u l a t i o n s a p p l y p u r -
s u a n t t o t h e i r t e r m s t o h a za r d o u s
wa st e a n d em er gen cy r espon se oper -
a t ion s wh et h er cover ed by t h is sect ion
o r n o t . I f t h e r e i s a c o n fl i c t o r o v e r l a p ,
t h e pr ovision m or e pr ot ect ive of em -
p l o y e e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s h a l l a p p l y
w i t h o u t r e g a r d t o 29 CF R 1910.5(c )(1).
(i i ) H a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e c l e a n -u p o p -
er a t ion s wit h in t h e scope of pa r a gr a ph s
(a )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h (a )(1)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion m u st com ply wit h a ll pa r a gr a ph s
o f t h i s s e c t i o n e x c e p t p a r a g r a p h s (p )
a n d (q ).
(i i i ) Op e r a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e s c o p e o f
p a r a g r a p h (a )(1)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
m u st com ply on ly wit h t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (p ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
N ot es a n d E x cep t ion s: (A ) A l l p r o v i s i o n s o f
p a r a g r a p h (p ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n c o v e r a n y t r e a t -
m e n t , s t o r a g e o r d i s p o s a l (T S D ) o p e r a t i o n
r e g u l a t e d b y 40 CF R p a r t s 264 a n d 265 o r b y
s t a t e l a w a u t h o r i ze d u n d e r R CR A , a n d r e -
qu ir ed t o h a ve a per m it or in t er im st a t u s
fr o m E P A p u r s u a n t t o 40 CF R 270.1 o r fr o m
a s t a t e a g e n c y p u r s u a n t t o R CR A .
(B ) E m p l o y e r s w h o a r e n o t r e q u i r e d t o
h a ve a per m it or in t er im st a t u s beca u se t h ey
a r e con dit ion a lly exem pt sm a ll qu a n t it y
g e n e r a t o r s u n d e r 40 CF R 261.5 o r a r e g e n e r a -
t o r s w h o q u a l i fy u n d e r 40 CF R 262.34 fo r e x -
e m p t i o n s fr o m r e g u l a t i o n u n d e r 40 CF R p a r t s
264, 265 a n d 270 (‘‘e x c e p t e d e m p l o y e r s ’’) a r e
n o t c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h s (p )(1) t h r o u g h
(p )(7) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . E x c e p t e d e m p l o y e r s
wh o a r e r equ ir ed by t h e E P A or st a t e a gen cy
t o h a ve t h eir em ploy ees en ga ge in em er -
gen cy r espon se or wh o dir ect t h eir em ploy -
ees t o en ga ge in em er gen cy r espon se a r e cov-
e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (p )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
c a n n o t b e e x e m p t e d b y (p )(8)(i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion . E xcept ed em ploy er s wh o a r e n ot r e-
qu ir ed t o h a ve em ploy ees en ga ge in em er -
gen cy r espon se, wh o dir ect t h eir em ploy ees
t o eva cu a t e in t h e ca se of su ch em er gen cies
a n d wh o m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(p )(8)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h e
b a l a n c e o f p a r a g r a p h (p )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(C) I f a n a r e a i s u s e d p r i m a r i l y fo r t r e a t -
m en t , st or a ge or disposa l, a n y em er gen cy r e-
spon se oper a t ion s in t h a t a r ea sh a ll com ply
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (p )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . I n o t h e r
a r e a s n o t u s e d p r i m a r i l y fo r t r e a t m e n t , s t o r -
a ge, or disposa l, a n y em er gen cy r espon se op-
e r a t i o n s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (q ) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n . Co m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (q ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l
be deem ed t o be in com plia n ce wit h t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (p )(8) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i v ) E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o p e r a t i o n s
fo r r e l e a s e s o f, o r s u b s t a n t i a l t h r e a t s o f
r e l e a s e s o f, h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s w h i c h
a r e n o t c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h s (a )(1)(i )
t h r o u g h (a )(1)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n m u s t
on ly com ply wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h (q ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(3) D ef in it ion s— B u d d y sy st em m e a n s a
s y s t e m o f o r g a n i zi n g e m p l o y e e s i n t o
wor k gr ou ps in su ch a m a n n er t h a t
ea ch em ploy ee of t h e wor k gr ou p is
design a t ed t o be obser ved by a t lea st
on e ot h er em ploy ee in t h e wor k gr ou p.
T h e pu r pose of t h e bu ddy sy st em is t o
pr ovide r a pid a ssist a n ce t o em ploy ees
in t h e even t of a n em er gen cy .
Clea n -u p op era t ion m e a n s a n o p e r -
a t i o n w h e r e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a r e
r em oved, con t a in ed, in cin er a t ed, n eu -
t r a l i ze d , s t a b i l i ze d , c l e a r e d -u p , o r i n
a n y ot h er m a n n er pr ocessed or h a n dled
wit h t h e u lt im a t e goa l of m a k in g t h e
s i t e s a fe r fo r p e o p l e o r t h e e n v i r o n -
m en t .
D econ t a m in a t ion m e a n s t h e r e m o v a l
o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s fr o m e m p l o y -
ees a n d t h eir equ ipm en t t o t h e ext en t
n ecessa r y t o pr eclu de t h e occu r r en ce of
fo r e s e e a b l e a d v e r s e h e a l t h a ffe c t s .
E m ergen cy resp on se o r resp on d in g t o
em ergen cies m e a n s a r e s p o n s e e ffo r t b y
e m p l o y e e s fr o m o u t s i d e t h e i m m e d i a t e
r elea se a r ea or by ot h er design a t ed r e-
s p o n d e r s (i .e ., m u t u a l -a i d g r o u p s , l o c a l
fi r e d e p a r t m e n t s , e t c .) t o a n o c c u r r e n c e
wh ich r esu lt s, or is lik ely t o r esu lt , in
a n u n c o n t r o l l e d r e l e a s e o f a h a za r d o u s
su bst a n ce. R espon ses t o in ciden t a l r e-
l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s w h e r e
t h e su bst a n ce ca n be a bsor bed, n eu t r a l-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i ze d , o r o t h e r w i s e c o n t r o l l e d a t t h e
369
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00379 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
t im e of r elea se by em ploy ees in t h e im -
m edia t e r elea se a r ea , or by m a in t e-
n a n ce per son n el a r e n ot con sider ed t o
be em er gen cy r espon ses wit h in t h e
scope of t h is st a n da r d. R espon ses t o r e-
l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s w h e r e
t h e r e i s n o p o t e n t i a l s a fe t y o r h e a l t h
h a za r d (i .e ., fi r e , e x p l o s i o n , o r c h e m i c a l
exposu r e) a r e n ot con sider ed t o be
em er gen cy r espon ses.
F a cilit y m e a n s (A ) a n y b u i l d i n g ,
st r u ct u r e, in st a lla t ion , equ ipm en t , pipe
o r p i p e l i n e (i n c l u d i n g a n y p i p e i n t o a
sewer or pu blicly own ed t r ea t m en t
w o r k s ), w e l l , p i t , p o n d , l a g o o n , i m -
pou n dm en t , dit ch , st or a ge con t a in er ,
m ot or veh icle, r ollin g st ock , or a ir -
c r a ft , o r (B ) a n y s i t e o r a r e a w h e r e a
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e h a s b e e n d e p o s -
i t e d , s t o r e d , d i s p o s e d o f, o r p l a c e d , o r
ot h er wise com e t o be loca t ed; bu t does
n ot in clu de a n y con su m er pr odu ct in
c o n s u m e r u s e o r a n y w a t e r -b o r n e v e s -
sel.
H a z a rd ou s m a t eria ls resp on se
(H A Z M A T ) t ea m m e a n s a n o r g a n i ze d
gr ou p of em ploy ees, design a t ed by t h e
e m p l o y e r , w h o a r e e x p e c t e d t o p e r fo r m
wor k t o h a n dle a n d con t r ol a ct u a l or
p o t e n t i a l l e a k s o r s p i l l s o f h a za r d o u s
su bst a n ces r equ ir in g possible close a p-
pr oa ch t o t h e su bst a n ce. T h e t ea m
m e m b e r s p e r fo r m r e s p o n s e s t o r e l e a s e s
o r p o t e n t i a l r e l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b -
s t a n c e s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f c o n t r o l o r
s t a b i l i za t i o n of t he in ciden t . A
H A Z M A T t e a m i s n o t a fi r e b r i g a d e n o r
i s a t y p i c a l fi r e b r i g a d e a H A Z M A T
t ea m . A HAZMAT t ea m , h owever , m a y
b e a s e p a r a t e c o m p o n e n t o f a fi r e b r i -
g a d e o r fi r e d e p a r t m e n t .
H a z a rd ou s su bst a n ce m e a n s a n y s u b -
st a n ce design a t ed or list ed u n der pa r a -
g r a p h s (A ) t h r o u g h (D ) o f t h i s d e fi n i -
t ion , exposu r e t o wh ich r esu lt s or m a y
r e s u l t i n a d v e r s e a ffe c t s o n t h e h e a l t h
o r s a fe t y o f e m p l o y e e s :
(A ) A n y s u b s t a n c e d e fi n e d u n d e r s e c -
t i o n 101(14) o f CE R CL A ;
(B ) A n y b i o l o g i c a l a g e n t a n d o t h e r
d i s e a s e -c a u s i n g a g e n t w h i c h a ft e r r e -
lea se in t o t h e en vir on m en t a n d u pon
exposu r e, in gest ion , in h a la t ion , or a s-
sim ila t ion in t o a n y per son , eit h er di-
r e c t l y fr o m t h e e n v i r o n m e n t o r i n d i -
r e c t l y b y i n g e s t i o n t h r o u g h fo o d
ch a in s, will or m a y r ea son a bly be a n -
t icipa t ed t o ca u se dea t h , disea se, be-
h a vior a l a bn or m a lit ies, ca n cer , gen et ic
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
m u t a t i o n , p h y s i o l o g i c a l m a l fu n c t i o n s
(i n c l u d i n g m a l fu n c t i o n s i n r e p r o d u c -
t i o n ) o r p h y s i c a l d e fo r m a t i o n s i n s u c h
p e r s o n s o r t h e i r o ffs p r i n g ;
(C) A n y s u b s t a n c e l i s t e d b y t h e U .S .
D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a s h a z-
a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s u n d e r 49 CF R 172.101
a n d a ppen dices; a n d
(D ) H a za r d o u s w a s t e a s h e r e i n d e -
fi n e d .
H a z a rd ou s w a st e m e a n s —
(A ) A w a s t e o r c o m b i n a t i o n o f w a s t e s
a s d e fi n e d i n 40 CF R 261.3, o r
(B ) T h o s e s u b s t a n c e s d e fi n e d a s h a z-
a r d o u s w a s t e s i n 49 CF R 171.8.
H a z a rd ou s w a st e op era t ion m e a n s a n y
oper a t ion con du ct ed wit h in t h e scope
of t h is st a n da r d.
H a z a rd ou s w a st e sit e o r S it e m e a n s
a n y fa c i l i t y o r l o c a t i o n w i t h i n t h e
s c o p e o f t h i s s t a n d a r d a t w h i c h h a z-
a r dou s wa st e oper a t ion s t a k e pla ce.
H ea lt h h a z a rd m e a n s a c h e m i c a l , m i x -
t u r e o f c h e m i c a l s o r a p a t h o g e n fo r
w h i c h t h e r e i s s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i fi c a n t
eviden ce ba sed on a t lea st on e st u dy
con du ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h est a b-
l i s h e d s c i e n t i fi c p r i n c i p l e s t h a t a c u t e
o r c h r o n i c h e a l t h e ffe c t s m a y o c c u r i n
e x p o s e d e m p l o y e e s . T h e t e r m ‘‘h e a l t h
h a za r d ’’ i n c l u d e s c h e m i c a l s w h i c h a r e
ca r cin ogen s, t oxic or h igh ly t oxic
a gen t s, r epr odu ct ive t oxin s, ir r it a n t s,
c o r r o s i v e s , s e n s i t i ze r s , h e p t a o t o x i n s ,
n eph r ot oxin s, n eu r ot oxin s, a gen t s
wh ich a ct on t h e h em a t opoiet ic sy s-
t em , a n d a gen t s wh ich da m a ge t h e
lu n gs, sk in , ey es, or m u cou s m em -
br a n es. It a lso in clu des st r ess du e t o
t e m p e r a t u r e e x t r e m e s . F u r t h e r d e fi n i -
t ion of t h e t er m s u sed a bove ca n be
fo u n d i n a p p e n d i x A t o 29 CF R 1910.1200.
I D L H o r I m m ed ia t ely d a n gerou s t o lif e
or h ea lt h m e a n s a n a t m o s p h e r i c c o n -
cen t r a t ion of a n y t oxic, cor r osive or
a sph y xia n t su bst a n ce t h a t poses a n im -
m e d i a t e t h r e a t t o l i fe o r w o u l d c a u s e
ir r ever sible or dela y ed a dver se h ea lt h
e ffe c t s o r w o u l d i n t e r fe r e w i t h a n i n d i -
v i d u a l ’s a b i l i t y t o e s c a p e fr o m a d a n -
ger ou s a t m osph er e.
O x y gen d ef icien cy m e a n s t h a t c o n -
cen t r a t ion of oxy gen by volu m e below
wh ich a t m osph er e su pply in g r es-
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion m u st be pr ovided.
It exist s in a t m osph er es wh er e t h e per -
cen t a ge of oxy gen by volu m e is less
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h a n 19.5 p e r c e n t o x y g e n .
370
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00380 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
P erm issible ex p osu re lim it m e a n s t h e
exposu r e, in h a la t ion or der m a l per m is-
s i b l e e x p o s u r e l i m i t s p e c i fi e d i n 29 CF R
p a r t 1910, s u b p a r t s G a n d Z .
P u blish ed ex p osu re lev el m e a n s t h e e x -
p o s u r e l i m i t s p u b l i s h e d i n ‘‘N I OS H
R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l
H e a l t h S t a n d a r d s ’’ d a t e d 1986, w h i c h i s
i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d
i n § 1910.6 o r i f n o n e i s s p e c i fi e d , t h e e x -
posu r e lim it s pu blish ed in t h e st a n d-
a r d s s p e c i fi e d b y t h e A m e r i c a n Co n -
fe r e n c e o f G o v e r n m e n t a l I n d u s t r i a l H y -
g i e n i s t s i n t h e i r p u b l i c a t i o n ‘‘T h r e s h -
old L im it Va lu es a n d Biologica l E xpo-
s u r e I n d i c e s fo r 1987–88’’ d a t e d 1987,
w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s
s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
P ost em ergen cy resp on se m e a n s t h a t
por t ion of a n em er gen cy r espon se per -
fo r m e d a ft e r t h e i m m e d i a t e t h r e a t o f a
r e l e a s e h a s b e e n s t a b i l i ze d o r e l i m i -
n a t e d a n d c l e a n -u p o f t h e s i t e h a s
begu n . If post em er gen cy r espon se is
p e r fo r m e d b y a n e m p l o y e r ’s o w n e m -
ploy ees wh o wer e pa r t of t h e in it ia l
em er gen cy r espon se, it is con sider ed t o
be pa r t of t h e in it ia l r espon se a n d n ot
post em er gen cy r espon se. However , if a
g r o u p o f a n e m p l o y e r ’s o w n e m p l o y e e s ,
s e p a r a t e fr o m t h e g r o u p p r o v i d i n g i n i -
t i a l r e s p o n s e , p e r fo r m s t h e c l e a n -u p o p -
er a t ion , t h en t h e sepa r a t e gr ou p of em -
ploy ees wou ld be con sider ed t o be per -
fo r m i n g p o s t -e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e a n d
s u b j e c t t o p a r a g r a p h (q )(11) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
Q u a lif ied p erson m e a n s a p e r s o n w i t h
s p e c i fi c t r a i n i n g , k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p e -
r i e n c e i n t h e a r e a fo r w h i c h t h e p e r s o n
h a s t h e r espon sibilit y a n d t h e a u t h or -
it y t o con t r ol.
S it e sa f et y a n d h ea lt h su p erv isor (or of -
f icia l) m e a n s t h e i n d i v i d u a l l o c a t e d o n
a h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e w h o i s r e s p o n -
sible t o t h e em ploy er a n d h a s t h e a u -
t h or it y a n d k n owledge n ecessa r y t o
i m p l e m e n t t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
p l a n a n d v e r i fy c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a p p l i -
c a b l e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h r e q u i r e m e n t s .
S m a ll qu a n t it y qen era t or m e a n s a g e n -
e r a t o r o f h a za r d o u s w a s t e s w h o i n a n y
ca len da r m on t h gen er a t es n o m or e
t h a n 1,000 k i l o g r a m s (2,205 p o u n d s ) o f
h a za r d o u s w a s t e i n t h a t m o n t h .
U n con t rolled h a z a rd ou s w a st e sit e,
m e a n s a n a r e a i d e n t i fi e d a s a n u n c o n -
t r o l l e d h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e b y a g o v -
er n m en t a l body , wh et h er F eder a l,
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
st a t e, loca l or ot h er wh er e a n a ccu m u -
l a t i o n o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s c r e a t e s
a t h r e a t t o t h e h e a l t h a n d s a fe t y o f i n -
dividu a ls or t h e en vir on m en t or bot h .
S o m e s i t e s a r e fo u n d o n p u b l i c l a n d s
s u c h a s t h o s e c r e a t e d b y fo r m e r m u n i c -
i p a l , c o u n t y o r s t a t e l a n d fi l l s w h e r e i l -
lega l or poor ly m a n a ged wa st e disposa l
h a s t a k e n p l a c e . Ot h e r s i t e s a r e fo u n d
o n p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y , o ft e n b e l o n g i n g t o
g e n e r a t o r s o r fo r m e r g e n e r a t o r s o f h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ce wa st es. E xa m ples of
su ch sit es in clu de, bu t a r e n ot lim it ed
t o , s u r fa c e i m p o u n d m e n t s , l a n d fi l l s ,
d u m p s , a n d t a n k o r d r u m fa r m s . N o r -
m a l oper a t ion s a t T S D sit es a r e n ot
c o v e r e d b y t h i s d e fi n i t i o n .
(b ) S a f et y a n d h ea lt h p rogra m .
N OT E T O (b ): S a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m s
developed a n d im plem en t ed t o m eet ot h er
F eder a l, st a t e, or loca l r egu la t ion s a r e con -
sider ed a ccept a ble in m eet in g t h is r equ ir e-
m e n t i f t h e y c o v e r o r a r e m o d i fi e d t o c o v e r
t h e t opics r equ ir ed in t h is pa r a gr a ph . An a d-
d i t i o n a l o r s e p a r a t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o -
gr a m is n ot r equ ir ed by t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(1) Gen era l. (i ) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l d e -
v e l o p a n d i m p l e m e n t a w r i t t e n s a fe t y
a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m fo r t h e i r e m p l o y -
e e s i n v o l v e d i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r -
a t ion s. T h e pr ogr a m sh a ll be design ed
t o i d e n t i fy , e v a l u a t e , a n d c o n t r o l s a fe -
t y a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s , a n d p r o v i d e fo r
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e fo r h a za r d o u s
wa st e oper a t ion s.
(i i ) T h e w r i t t e n s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
p r o g r a m s h a l l i n c o r p o r a t e t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(A ) A n o r g a n i za t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e ;
(B ) A c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n ;
(C) A s i t e -s p e c i fi c s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
pla n wh ich n eed n ot r epea t t h e em ploy -
e r ’s s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s r e -
q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b )(1)(i i )(F ) o f t h i s
sect ion ;
(D ) T h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h t r a i n i n g
pr ogr a m ;
(E ) T h e m e d i c a l s u r v e i l l a n c e p r o -
gr a m ;
(F ) T h e e m p l o y e r ’s s t a n d a r d o p e r -
a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s fo r s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h ;
and
(G ) A n y n e c e s s a r y i n t e r fa c e b e t w e e n
g e n e r a l p r o g r a m a n d s i t e s p e c i fi c a c -
t ivit ies.
(i i i ) S it e ex ca v a t ion . S i t e e x c a v a t i o n s
cr ea t ed du r in g in it ia l sit e pr epa r a t ion
o r d u r i n g h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll be sh or ed or sloped a s a ppr opr ia t e
371
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00381 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
t o pr even t a cciden t a l colla pse in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h s u b p a r t P o f 29 CF R p a r t
1926.
(i v ) Con t ra ct ors a n d su b-con t ra ct ors.
An em ploy er wh o r et a in s con t r a ct or or
s u b -c o n t r a c t o r s e r v i c e s fo r w o r k i n
h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l i n -
fo r m t h o s e c o n t r a c t o r s , s u b -c o n t r a c -
t or s, or t h eir r epr esen t a t ives of t h e
sit e em er gen cy r espon se pr ocedu r es
a n d a n y p o t e n t i a l fi r e , e x p l o s i o n ,
h e a l t h , s a fe t y o r o t h e r h a za r d s o f t h e
h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n t h a t h a v e
b e e n i d e n t i fi e d b y t h e e m p l o y e r , i n -
c l u d i n g t h o s e i d e n t i fi e d i n t h e e m p l o y -
e r ’s i n fo r m a t i o n p r o g r a m .
(v ) P rogra m a v a ila bilit y . T h e w r i t t e n
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m s h a l l b e
m a de a va ila ble t o a n y con t r a ct or or
su bcon t r a ct or or t h eir r epr esen t a t ive
w h o w i l l b e i n v o l v e d w i t h t h e h a z-
a r dou s wa st e oper a t ion ; t o em ploy ees;
t o em ploy ee design a t ed r epr esen t a -
t i v e s ; t o OS H A p e r s o n n e l , a n d t o p e r -
son n el of ot h er F eder a l, st a t e, or loca l
a gen cies wit h r egu la t or y a u t h or it y
over t h e sit e.
(2) O rga n iz a t ion a l st ru ct u re p a rt of t h e
sit e p rogra m —(i ) T h e o r g a n i za t i o n a 1
st r u ct u r e pa r t of t h e pr ogr a m sh a ll es-
t a b l i s h t h e s p e c i fi c c h a i n o f c o m m a n d
a n d s p e c i fy t h e o v e r a l l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s
of su per visor s a n d em ploy ees. It sh a ll
i n c l u d e , a t a m i n i m u m , t h e fo l l o w i n g
elem en t s:
(A ) A g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s o r w h o h a s t h e
r espon sibilit y a n d a u t h or it y t o dir ect
a l l h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s .
(B ) A s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s u p e r -
visor wh o h a s t h e r espon sibilit y a n d
a u t h or it y t o develop a n d im plem en t
t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n a n d
v e r i fy c o m p l i a n c e .
(C) A l l o t h e r p e r s o n n e l n e e d e d fo r
h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e o p e r a t i o n s a n d
em er gen cy r espon se a n d t h eir gen er a l
fu n c t i o n s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .
(D ) T h e l i n e s o f a u t h o r i t y , r e s p o n s i -
bilit y , a n d com m u n ica t ion .
(i i ) T h e o r g a n i za t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e
sh a ll be r eviewed a n d u pda t ed a s n ec-
e s s a r y t o r e fl e c t t h e c u r r e n t s t a t u s o f
wa st e sit e oper a t ion s.
(3) Com p reh en siv e w ork p la n p a rt of t h e
sit e p rogra m . The com pr eh en sive
wor k pla n pa r t of t h e pr ogr a m sh a ll a d-
dr ess t h e t a sk s a n d object ives of t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
sit e oper a t ion s a n d t h e logist ics a n d r e-
sou r ces r equ ir ed t o r ea ch t h ose t a sk s
a n d object ives.
(i ) T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n s h a l l
a d d r e s s a n t i c i p a t e d c l e a n -u p a c t i v i t i e s
a s well a s n or m a l oper a t in g pr ocedu r es
w h i c h n e e d n o t r e p e a t t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
pr ocedu r es a va ila ble elsewh er e.
(i i ) T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n
s h a l l d e fi n e w o r k t a s k s a n d o b j e c t i v e s
a n d i d e n t i fy t h e m e t h o d s fo r a c c o m -
plish in g t h ose t a sk s a n d object ives.
(i i i ) T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n
sh a ll est a blish per son n el r equ ir em en t s
fo r i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e p l a n .
(i v ) T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n
s h a l l p r o v i d e fo r t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f
t h e t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )
of t h is sect ion .
(v ) T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n
s h a l l p r o v i d e fo r t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f
t h e r e q u i r e d i n fo r m a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s
r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(v i ) T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e w o r k p l a n
s h a l l p r o v i d e fo r t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f
t h e m edica l su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m de-
s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(4) S it e-sp ecif ic sa f et y a n d h ea lt h p la n
p a rt of t h e p rogra m —(i ) Gen era l. T h e s i t e
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n , w h i c h m u s t b e
k e p t o n s i t e , s h a l l a d d r e s s t h e s a fe t y
a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s o f e a c h p h a s e o f s i t e
oper a t ion a n d in clu de t h e r equ ir em en t s
a n d p r o c e d u r e s fo r e m p l o y e e p r o t e c -
t ion .
(i i ) E lem en t s. T h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h pla n , a s a m in im u m , sh a ll a d-
d r e s s t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) A s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h r i s k o r h a z-
a r d a n a l y s i s fo r e a c h s i t e t a s k a n d o p -
e r a t i o n fo u n d i n t h e w o r k p l a n .
(B ) E m p l o y e e t r a i n i n g a s s i g n m e n t s
t o a ssu r e com plia n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph
(e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(C) P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t t o
b e u s e d b y e m p l o y e e s fo r e a c h o f t h e
sit e t a sk s a n d oper a t ion s bein g con -
du ct ed a s r equ ir ed by t h e per son a l pr o-
t ect ive equ ipm en t pr ogr a m in pa r a -
g r a p h (g )(5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(D ) M e d i c a l s u r v e i l l a n c e r e q u i r e -
m en t s in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e pr ogr a m
i n p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(E ) F r e q u e n c y a n d t y p e s o f a i r m o n i -
t or in g, per son n el m on it or in g, a n d en vi-
r on m en t a l sa m plin g t ech n iqu es a n d in -
st r u m en t a t ion t o be u sed, in clu din g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m et h ods of m a in t en a n ce a n d ca libr a -
372
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00382 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t ion of m on it or in g a n d sa m plin g equ ip-
m en t t o be u sed.
(F ) S i t e c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h t h e sit e con t r ol pr ogr a m r e-
q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(G ) D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (k ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(H ) A n e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(l ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n fo r s a fe a n d e ffe c t i v e
r espon ses t o em er gen cies, in clu din g
t h e n ecessa r y P P E a n d ot h er equ ip-
m en t .
(I ) Co n fi n e d s p a c e e n t r y p r o c e d u r e s .
(J ) A s p i l l c o n t a i n m e n t p r o g r a m
m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(j ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i i ) P re-en t ry brief in g. T h e s i t e s p e -
c i fi c s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n s h a l l p r o -
v i d e fo r p r e -e n t r y b r i e fi n g s t o b e h e l d
pr ior t o in it ia t in g a n y sit e a ct ivit y ,
a n d a t su ch ot h er t im es a s n ecessa r y t o
en su r e t h a t em ploy ees a r e a ppr ised of
t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n a n d
t h a t t h i s p l a n i s b e i n g fo l l o w e d . T h e i n -
fo r m a t i o n a n d d a t a o b t a i n e d fr o m s i t e
c h a r a c t e r i za t i o n a n d a n a l y s i s w o r k r e -
q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
sh a ll be u sed t o pr epa r e a n d u pda t e t h e
s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n .
(i v ) E f f ect iv en ess of sit e sa f et y a n d
h ea lt h p la n . I n s p e c t i o n s s h a l l b e c o n -
d u c t e d b y t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s u -
per visor or , in t h e a bsen ce of t h a t in di-
vidu a l, a n ot h er in dividu a l wh o is
k n o w l e d g e a b l e i n o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y
a n d h ea lt h , a ct in g on beh a lf of t h e em -
ploy er a s n ecessa r y t o det er m in e t h e
e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d
h e a l t h p l a n . A n y d e fi c i e n c i e s i n t h e e f-
fe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h pla n sh a ll be cor r ect ed by t h e
em ploy er .
(c ) S it e ch a ra ct eriz a t ion a n d a n a ly sis—
(1) Gen era l. H a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e s s h a l l
be eva lu a t ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is
p a r a g r a p h t o i d e n t i fy s p e c i fi c s i t e h a z-
a r ds a n d t o det er m in e t h e a ppr opr ia t e
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s
n e e d e d t o p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e
i d e n t i fi e d h a za r d s .
(2) P relim in a ry ev a lu a t ion . A p r e l i m i -
n a r y e v a l u a t i o n o f a s i t e ’s c h a r a c t e r i s -
t i c s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d p r i o r t o s i t e
e n t r y b y a q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n i n o r d e r t o
a id in t h e select ion of a ppr opr ia t e em -
ploy ee pr ot ect ion m et h ods pr ior t o sit e
e n t r y . I m m e d i a t e l y a ft e r i n i t i a l s i t e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
en t r y , a m or e det a iled eva lu a t ion of
t h e s i t e ’s s p e c i fi c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s h a l l
b e p e r fo r m e d b y a q u a l i fi e d p e r s o n i n
o r d e r t o fu r t h e r i d e n t i fy e x i s t i n g s i t e
h a za r d s a n d t o fu r t h e r a i d i n t h e s e l e c -
t ion of t h e a ppr opr ia t e en gin eer in g
con t r ols a n d per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ip-
m e n t fo r t h e t a s k s t o b e p e r fo r m e d .
(3) H a z a rd id en t if ica t ion . A l l s u s p e c t e d
con dit ion s t h a t m a y pose in h a la t ion or
s k i n a b s o r p t i o n h a za r d s t h a t a r e i m m e -
d i a t e l y d a n g e r o u s t o l i fe o r h e a l t h
(I D L H ), o r o t h e r c o n d i t i o n s t h a t m a y
ca u se dea t h or ser iou s h a r m , sh a ll be
i d e n t i fi e d d u r i n g t h e p r e l i m i n a r y s u r -
vey a n d eva lu a t ed du r in g t h e det a iled
s u r v e y . E x a m p l e s o f s u c h h a za r d s i n -
c l u d e , b u t a r e n o t l i m i t e d t o , c o n fi n e d
spa ce en t r y , pot en t ia lly explosive or
fl a m m a b l e s i t u a t i o n s , v i s i b l e v a p o r
clou ds, or a r ea s wh er e biologica l in di-
ca t or s su ch a s dea d a n im a ls or veget a -
t ion a r e loca t ed.
(4) R equ ired in f orm a t ion . T h e fo l -
l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n t o t h e e x t e n t a v a i l -
a ble sh a ll be obt a in ed by t h e em ploy er
pr ior t o a llowin g em ploy ees t o en t er a
sit e:
(i ) L o c a t i o n a n d a p p r o x i m a t e s i ze o f
t h e sit e.
(i i ) D e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e r e s p o n s e a c t i v -
i t y a n d /o r t h e j o b t a s k t o b e p e r fo r m e d .
(i i i ) D u r a t i o n o f t h e p l a n n e d e m -
ploy ee a ct ivit y .
(i v ) S i t e t o p o g r a p h y a n d a c c e s s i b i l i t y
by a ir a n d r oa ds.
(v ) S a fe t y a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s e x -
pect ed a t t h e sit e.
(v i ) P a t h w a y s fo r h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ce disper sion .
(v i i ) P r e s e n t s t a t u s a n d c a p a b i l i t i e s
of em er gen cy r espon se t ea m s t h a t
w o u l d p r o v i d e a s s i s t a n c e t o h a za r d o u s
w a s t e c l e a n -u p s i t e e m p l o y e e s a t t h e
t im e of a n em er gen cy .
(v i i i ) H a za r d o u s su bst a n ces and
h e a l t h h a za r d s i n v o l v e d o r e x p e c t e d a t
t h e sit e, a n d t h eir ch em ica l a n d ph y s-
ica l pr oper t ies.
(5) P erson a l p rot ect iv e equ ip m en t . P e r -
s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t (P P E ) s h a l l
be pr ovided a n d u sed du r in g in it ia l sit e
e n t r y i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g
r equ ir em en t s:
(i ) B a s e d u p o n t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e p r e -
lim in a r y sit e eva lu a t ion , a n en sem ble
of P P E sh a ll be select ed a n d u sed du r -
in g in it ia l sit e en t r y wh ich will pr ovide
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pr ot ect ion t o a level of exposu r e below
373
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00383 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
per m issible exposu r e lim it s a n d pu b-
l i s h e d e x p o s u r e l e v e l s fo r k n o w n o r s u s -
pect ed h a za r d o u s su bst a n ces and
h e a l t h h a za r d s , a n d w h i c h w i l l p r o v i d e
pr ot ect ion a ga in st ot h er k n own a n d
s u s p e c t e d h a za r d s i d e n t i fi e d d u r i n g t h e
pr elim in a r y sit e eva lu a t ion . If t h er e is
n o per m issible exposu r e lim it or pu b-
lish ed exposu r e level, t h e em ploy er
m a y u se ot h er pu blish ed st u dies a n d in -
fo r m a t i o n a s a g u i d e t o a p p r o p r i a t e
per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t .
(i i ) I f p o s i t i v e -p r e s s u r e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d
br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s is n ot u sed a s pa r t
of t h e en t r y en sem ble, a n d if r es-
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion is wa r r a n t ed by t h e
p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s i d e n t i fi e d d u r i n g t h e
pr elim in a r y sit e eva lu a t ion , a n esca pe
s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s o f
a t l e a s t fi v e m i n u t e ’s d u r a t i o n s h a l l b e
ca r r ied by em ploy ees du r in g in it ia l sit e
en t r y .
(i i i ) I f t h e p r e l i m i n a r y s i t e e v a l u a -
t i o n d o e s n o t p r o d u c e s u ffi c i e n t i n fo r -
m a t i o n t o i d e n t i fy t h e h a za r d s o r s u s -
p e c t e d h a za r d s o f t h e s i t e , a n e n s e m b l e
pr ovidin g pr ot ect ion equ iva len t t o
L evel B P P E sh a ll be pr ovided a s m in -
im u m pr ot ect ion , a n d dir ect r ea din g
in st r u m en t s sh a ll be u sed a s a ppr o-
p r i a t e fo r i d e n t i fy i n g I D L H c o n d i t i o n s .
(S e e a p p e n d i x B fo r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f
L e v e l B h a za r d s a n d t h e r e c o m m e n d a -
t i o n s fo r L e v e l B p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p -
m e n t .)
(i v ) On c e t h e h a za r d s o f t h e s i t e h a v e
b e e n i d e n t i fi e d , t h e a p p r o p r i a t e P P E
sh a ll be select ed a n d u sed in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (g ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(6) M on it orin g. T h e fo l l o w i n g m o n i -
t or in g sh a ll be con du ct ed du r in g in it ia l
sit e en t r y wh en t h e sit e eva lu a t ion
p r o d u c e s i n fo r m a t i o n t h a t s h o w s t h e
p o t e n t i a l fo r i o n i zi n g r a d i a t i o n o r
IDL H con dit ion s, or wh en t h e sit e in -
fo r m a t i o n i s n o t s u ffi c i e n t r e a s o n a b l y
t o elim in a t e t h ese possible con dit ion s:
(i ) M o n i t o r i n g w i t h d i r e c t r e a d i n g i n -
s t r u m e n t s fo r h a za r d o u s l e v e l s o f i o n -
i zi n g r a d i a t i o n .
(i i ) M o n i t o r i n g t h e a i r w i t h a p p r o -
pr ia t e dir ect r ea din g t est equ ipm en t
(i .e ., c o m b u s t i b l e g a s m e t e r s , d e t e c t o r
t u b e s ) fo r I D L H a n d o t h e r c o n d i t i o n s
t h a t m a y ca u se dea t h or ser iou s h a r m
(c o m b u s t i b l e o r e x p l o s i v e a t m o s p h e r e s ,
o x y g e n d e fi c i e n c y , t o x i c s u b s t a n c e s ).
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
(i i i ) V i s u a l l y o b s e r v i n g fo r s i g n s o f
a ct u a l or pot en t ia l IDL H or ot h er da n -
ger ou s con dit ion s.
(i v ) A n o n g o i n g a i r m o n i t o r i n g p r o -
g r a m i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (h )
of t h is sect ion sh a ll be im plem en t ed
a ft e r s i t e c h a r a c t e r i za t i o n h a s d e t e r -
m i n e d t h e s i t e i s s a fe fo r t h e s t a r t -u p
of oper a t ion s.
(7) R isk id en t if ica t ion . On c e t h e p r e s -
e n c e a n d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f s p e c i fi c
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d h e a l t h h a z-
a r ds h a ve been est a blish ed, t h e r isk s
a ssocia t ed wit h t h ese su bst a n ces sh a ll
b e i d e n t i fi e d . E m p l o y e e s w h o w i l l b e
w o r k i n g o n t h e s i t e s h a l l b e i n fo r m e d
o f a n y r i s k s t h a t h a v e b e e n i d e n t i fi e d .
I n s i t u a t i o n s c o v e r e d b y t h e H a za r d
Co m m u n i c a t i o n S t a n d a r d , 29 CF R
1910.1200, t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d b y t h a t
st a n da r d n eed n ot be du plica t ed.
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (c )(7). R i s k s t o c o n -
sider in clu de, bu t a r e n ot lim it ed t o:
(a ) E x p o s u r e s e x c e e d i n g t h e p e r m i s s i b l e e x -
posu r e lim it s a n d pu blish ed exposu r e levels.
(b ) I D L H c o n c e n t r a t i o n s .
(c ) P o t e n t i a l s k i n a b s o r p t i o n a n d i r r i t a t i o n
sou r ces.
(d ) P o t e n t i a l e y e i r r i t a t i o n s o u r c e s .
(e ) E x p l o s i o n s e n s i t i v i t y a n d fl a m m a b i l i t y
r a n ges.
(f) Ox y g e n d e fi c i e n c y .
(8) E m p loy ee n ot if ica t ion . A n y i n fo r -
m a t ion con cer n in g t h e ch em ica l, ph y s-
ica l, a n d t oxicologic pr oper t ies of ea ch
su bst a n ce k n own or expect ed t o be
pr esen t on sit e t h a t is a va ila ble t o t h e
em ploy er a n d r eleva n t t o t h e du t ies a n
e m p l o y e e i s e x p e c t e d t o p e r fo r m s h a l l
b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o t h e a ffe c t e d e m -
ploy ees pr ior t o t h e com m en cem en t of
t h eir wor k a ct ivit ies. T h e em ploy er
m a y u t i l i ze i n fo r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d fo r
t h e h a za r d c o m m u n i c a t i o n s t a n d a r d fo r
t h is pu r pose.
(d ) S it e con t rol—(1) Gen era l. A p p r o -
pr ia t e sit e con t r ol pr ocedu r es sh a ll be
im plem en t ed t o con t r ol em ploy ee expo-
s u r e t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s b e fo r e
c l e a n -u p w o r k b e g i n s .
(2) S it e con t rol p rogra m . A s i t e c o n t r o l
pr ogr a m fo r pr ot ect in g em ploy ees
w h i c h i s p a r t o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s i t e
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m r e q u i r e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e
developed du r in g t h e pla n n in g st a ges of
a h a za r d o u s w a s t e c l e a n -u p o p e r a t i o n
a n d m o d i fi e d a s n e c e s s a r y a s n e w i n fo r -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a t ion becom es a va ila ble.
374
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(3) E lem en t s of t h e sit e con t rol p rogra m .
T h e sit e con t r ol pr ogr a m sh a ll, a s a
m in im u m , in clu de: A sit e m a p; sit e
w o r k zo n e s ; t h e u s e o f a ‘‘b u d d y s y s -
t e m ’’; s i t e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s i n c l u d i n g
a l e r t i n g m e a n s fo r e m e r g e n c i e s ; t h e
s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s o r s a fe
w o r k p r a c t i c e s ; a n d , i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f
t h e n e a r e s t m e d i c a l a s s i s t a n c e . Wh e r e
t h ese r equ ir em en t s a r e cover ed else-
wh er e t h ey n eed n ot be r epea t ed.
(e ) T ra in in g—(1) Gen era l. (i ) A l l e m -
p l o y e e s w o r k i n g o n s i t e (s u c h a s b u t
n ot lim it ed t o equ ipm en t oper a t or s,
gen er a l la bor er s a n d ot h er s) exposed t o
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s , h e a l t h h a za r d s ,
o r s a fe t y h a za r d s a n d t h e i r s u p e r v i s o r s
a n d m a n a g e m e n t r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e
sit e sh a ll r eceive t r a in in g m eet in g t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h b e fo r e
t h e y a r e p e r m i t t e d t o e n g a g e i n h a z-
a r dou s wa st e oper a t ion s t h a t cou ld ex-
p o s e t h e m t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s ,
s a fe t y , o r h e a l t h h a za r d s , a n d t h e y
sh a ll r eceive r eview t r a in in g a s speci-
fi e d i n t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
(i i ) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d
t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n o r s u p e r v i s e fi e l d a c -
t ivit ies u n t il t h ey h a ve been t r a in ed t o
a l e v e l r e q u i r e d b y t h e i r j o b fu n c t i o n
a n d r espon sibilit y .
(2) E lem en t s t o be cov ered . T h e t r a i n -
i n g s h a l l t h o r o u g h l y c o v e r t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(i ) N a m e s o f p e r s o n n e l a n d a l t e r n a t e s
r e s p o n s i b l e fo r s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h ;
(i i ) S a fe t y , h e a l t h a n d o t h e r h a za r d s
pr esen t on t h e sit e;
(i i i ) U s e o f p e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p -
m en t ;
(i v ) Wo r k p r a c t i c e s b y w h i c h t h e e m -
p l o y e e c a n m i n i m i ze r i s k s fr o m h a z-
a r ds;
(v ) S a fe u s e o f e n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s
a n d equ ipm en t on t h e sit e;
(v i ) M e d i c a l s u r v e i l l a n c e r e q u i r e -
m en t s, in clu din g r ecogn it ion of sy m p-
t om s a n d sign s wh ich m igh t in dica t e
o v e r e x p o s u r e t o h a za r d s ; a n d
(v i i ) T h e c o n t e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (G )
t h r o u g h (J ) o f t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d
h e a l t h p l a n s e t fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h
(b )(4)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(3) I n it ia l t ra in in g. (i ) G e n e r a l s i t e
w o r k e r s (s u c h a s e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t o r s ,
gen er a l la bor er s a n d su per visor y per -
s o n n e l ) e n g a g e d i n h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e
r em ova l or ot h er a ct ivit ies wh ich ex-
pose or pot en t ia lly expose wor k er s t o
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d h e a l t h h a z-
a r d s s h a l l r e c e i v e a m i n i m u m o f 40
h o u r s o f i n s t r u c t i o n o ff t h e s i t e , a n d a
m i n i m u m o f t h r e e d a y s a c t u a l fi e l d e x -
per ien ce u n der t h e dir ect su per vision of
a t r a in ed, exper ien ced su per visor .
(i i ) Wo r k e r s o n s i t e o n l y o c c a s i o n a l l y
fo r a s p e c i fi c l i m i t e d t a s k (s u c h a s , b u t
n ot lim it ed t o, gr ou n d wa t er m on i-
t o r i n g , l a n d s u r v e y i n g , o r g e o -p h y s i c a l
su r vey in g) a n d wh o a r e u n lik ely t o be
exposed over per m issible exposu r e lim -
it s a n d pu blish ed exposu r e lim it s sh a ll
r e c e i v e a m i n i m u m o f 24 h o u r s o f i n -
s t r u c t i o n o ff t h e s i t e , a n d t h e m i n -
i m u m o f o n e d a y a c t u a l fi e l d e x p e r i -
en ce u n der t h e dir ect su per vision of a
t r a in ed, exper ien ced su per visor .
(i i i ) Wo r k e r s r e g u l a r l y o n s i t e w h o
wor k in a r ea s wh ich h a ve been m on -
i t o r e d a n d fu l l y c h a r a c t e r i ze d i n d i -
ca t in g t h a t exposu r es a r e u n der per -
m issible exposu r e lim it s a n d pu blish ed
exposu r e lim it s wh er e r espir a t or s a r e
n o t n e c e s s a r y , a n d t h e c h a r a c t e r i za t i o n
i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e r e a r e n o h e a l t h h a z-
a r ds or t h e possibilit y of a n em er gen cy
developin g, sh a ll r eceive a m in im u m of
24 h o u r s o f i n s t r u c t i o n o ff t h e s i t e a n d
t h e m i n i m u m o f o n e d a y a c t u a l fi e l d
exper ien ce u n der t h e dir ect su per vision
of a t r a in ed, exper ien ced su per visor .
(i v ) Wo r k e r s w i t h 24 h o u r s o f t r a i n i n g
w h o a r e c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h s (e )(3)(i i )
a n d (e )(3)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d w h o
becom e gen er a l sit e wor k er s or wh o a r e
r equ ir ed t o wea r r espir a t or s, sh a ll h a ve
t h e a d d i t i o n a l 16 h o u r s a n d t w o d a y s o f
t r a in in g n ecessa r y t o t ot a l t h e t r a in in g
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(3)(i ).
(4) M a n a gem en t a n d su p erv isor t ra in -
in g. On -s i t e m a n a g e m e n t a n d s u p e r -
v i s o r s d i r e c t l y r e s p o n s i b l e fo r , o r w h o
s u p e r v i s e e m p l o y e e s e n g a g e d i n , h a z-
a r dou s wa st e oper a t ion s sh a ll r eceive
40 h o u r s i n i t i a l t r a i n i n g , a n d t h r e e
d a y s o f s u p e r v i s e d fi e l d e x p e r i e n c e (t h e
t r a i n i n g m a y b e r e d u c e d t o 24 h o u r s
a n d on e da y if t h e on ly a r ea of t h eir r e-
spon sibilit y is em ploy ees cover ed by
p a r a g r a p h s (e )(3)(i i ) a n d (e )(3)(i i i )) a n d
a t lea st eigh t a ddit ion a l h ou r s of spe-
c i a l i ze d t r a i n i n g a t t h e t i m e o f j o b a s -
sign m en t on su ch t opics a s, bu t n ot
l i m i t e d t o , t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h pr ogr a m a n d t h e a ssocia t ed em -
ploy ee t r a in in g pr ogr a m , per son a l pr o-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t ect ive equ ipm en t pr ogr a m , spill con -
375
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00385 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
t a i n m e n t p r o g r a m , a n d h e a l t h h a za r d
m on it or in g pr ocedu r e a n d t ech n iqu es.
(5) Q u a lif ica t ion s f or t ra in ers. T r a i n e r s
s h a l l b e q u a l i fi e d t o i n s t r u c t e m p l o y e e s
a bou t t h e su bject m a t t er t h a t is bein g
pr esen t ed in t r a in in g. S u ch t r a in er s
s h a l l h a v e s a t i s fa c t o r i l y c o m p l e t e d a
t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m fo r t e a c h i n g t h e s u b -
ject s t h ey a r e expect ed t o t ea ch , or
t h ey sh a ll h a ve t h e a ca dem ic cr eden -
t ia ls a n d in st r u ct ion a l exper ien ce n ec-
e s s a r y fo r t e a c h i n g t h e s u b j e c t s . I n -
st r u ct or s sh a ll dem on st r a t e com pet en t
in st r u ct ion a l sk ills a n d k n owledge of
t h e a pplica ble su bject m a t t er .
(6) T ra in in g cert if ica t ion . E m p l o y e e s
a n d su per visor s t h a t h a ve r eceived a n d
s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d t h e t r a i n i n g
a n d fi e l d e x p e r i e n c e s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h s (e )(1) t h r o u g h (e )(4) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n s h a l l b e c e r t i fi e d b y t h e i r i n s t r u c -
t or or t h e h ea d in st r u ct or a n d t r a in ed
s u p e r v i s o r a s h a v i n g s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m -
plet ed t h e n ecessa r y t r a in in g. A wr it -
t e n c e r t i fi c a t e s h a l l b e g i v e n t o e a c h
p e r s o n s o c e r t i fi e d . A n y p e r s o n w h o h a s
n o t b e e n s o c e r t i fi e d o r w h o d o e s n o t
m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(e )(9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e p r o h i b i t e d
fr o m e n g a g i n g i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r -
a t ion s.
(7) E m ergen cy resp on se. E m p l o y e e s
w h o a r e e n g a g e d i n r e s p o n d i n g t o h a z-
a r d o u s e m e r g e n c y s i t u a t i o n s a t h a z-
a r d o u s w a s t e c l e a n -u p s i t e s t h a t m a y
e x p o s e t h e m t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s
sh a ll be t r a in ed in h ow t o r espon d t o
su ch expect ed em er gen cies.
(8) R ef resh er t ra in in g. E m p l o y e e s s p e c -
i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
a n d m a n a g e r s a n d s u p e r v i s o r s s p e c i fi e d
i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s h a l l
r e c e i v e e i g h t h o u r s o f r e fr e s h e r t r a i n -
i n g a n n u a l l y o n t h e i t e m s s p e c i fi e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (e )(2) a n d /o r (e )(4) o f t h i s
sect ion , a n y cr it iqu e of in ciden t s t h a t
h a ve occu r r ed in t h e pa st y ea r t h a t ca n
ser ve a s t r a in in g exa m ples of r ela t ed
wor k , a n d ot h er r eleva n t t opics.
(9) E qu iv a len t t ra in in g. E m p l o y e r s
wh o ca n sh ow by docu m en t a t ion or cer -
t i fi c a t i o n t h a t a n e m p l o y e e ’s w o r k e x -
p e r i e n c e a n d /o r t r a i n i n g h a s r e s u l t e d i n
t r a in in g equ iva len t t o t h a t t r a in in g r e-
q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (e )(1) t h r o u g h
(e )(4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l n o t b e r e -
qu ir ed t o pr ovide t h e in it ia l t r a in in g
r equ ir em en t s of t h ose pa r a gr a ph s t o
su ch em ploy ees a n d sh a ll pr ovide a
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
c o p y o f t h e c e r t i fi c a t i o n o r d o c u m e n t a -
t ion t o t h e em ploy ee u pon r equ est .
H o w e v e r , c e r t i fi e d e m p l o y e e s o r e m -
ploy ees wit h equ iva len t t r a in in g n ew
t o a sit e sh a ll r eceive a ppr opr ia t e, sit e
s p e c i fi c t r a i n i n g b e fo r e s i t e e n t r y a n d
h a v e a p p r o p r i a t e s u p e r v i s e d fi e l d e x p e -
r ien ce a t t h e n ew sit e. E qu iva len t
t r a in in g in clu des a n y a ca dem ic t r a in -
in g or t h e t r a in in g t h a t exist in g em -
ploy ees m igh t h a ve a lr ea dy r eceived
fr o m a c t u a l h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e w o r k
exper ien ce.
(f) M ed ica l su rv eilla n ce—(1) Gen era l.
E m ploy er s en ga ged in oper a t ion s speci-
fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (a )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h
(a )(1)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d n o t c o v -
e r e d b y (a )(2)(i i i ) e x c e p t i o n s a n d e m -
p l o y e r s o f e m p l o y e e s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a -
g r a p h (q )(9) s h a l l i n s t i t u t e a m e d i c a l
su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m in a ccor da n ce
wit h t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(2) E m p loy ees cov ered . T h e m e d i c a l
su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m sh a ll be in st i-
t u t e d b y t h e e m p l o y e r fo r t h e fo l l o w i n g
em ploy ees:
(i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s w h o a r e o r m a y b e
e x p o s e d t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s o r
h e a l t h h a za r d s a t o r a b o v e t h e p e r m i s -
sible exposu r e lim it s or , if t h er e is n o
per m issible exposu r e lim it , a bove t h e
p u b l i s h e d e x p o s u r e l e v e l s fo r t h e s e s u b -
st a n ces, wit h ou t r ega r d t o t h e u se of
r e s p i r a t o r s , fo r 30 d a y s o r m o r e a y e a r ;
(i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s w h o w e a r a r e s -
p i r a t o r fo r 30 d a y s o r m o r e a y e a r o r a s
r e q u i r e d b y § 1910.134;
(i i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s w h o a r e i n j u r e d ,
becom e ill or develop sign s or sy m p-
t om s du e t o possible over exposu r e in -
v o l v i n g h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s o r h e a l t h
h a za r d s fr o m a n e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r
h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n ; a n d
(i v ) M e m b e r s o f H A Z M A T t e a m s .
(3) F requ en cy of m ed ica l ex a m in a t ion s
a n d con su lt a t ion s. M e d i c a l e x a m i n a -
t ion s a n d con su lt a t ion s sh a ll be m a de
a va ila ble by t h e em ploy er t o ea ch em -
p l o y e e c o v e r e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (f)(2) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n o n t h e fo l l o w i n g s c h e d u l e s :
(i ) F o r e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d u n d e r
pa r a gr a ph s (f)(2)(i ), (f)(2)(i i ), and
(f)(2)(i v ):
(A ) P r i o r t o a s s i g n m e n t ;
(B ) A t l e a s t o n c e e v e r y t w e l v e
m o n t h s fo r e a c h e m p l o y e e c o v e r e d u n -
less t h e a t t en din g ph y sicia n believes a
l o n g e r i n t e r v a l (n o t g r e a t e r t h a n b i e n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
n ia lly ) is a ppr opr ia t e;
376
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(C) A t t e r m i n a t i o n o f e m p l o y m e n t o r
r ea ssign m en t t o a n a r ea wh er e t h e em -
ploy ee wou ld n ot be cover ed if t h e em -
ploy ee h a s n ot h a d a n exa m in a t ion
wit h in t h e la st six m on t h s;
(D ) A s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e u p o n n o t i fi c a -
t ion by a n em ploy ee t h a t t h e em ploy ee
h a s developed sign s or sy m pt om s in di-
c a t i n g p o s s i b l e o v e r e x p o s u r e t o h a z-
a r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s o r h e a l t h h a za r d s , o r
t h a t t h e em ploy ee h a s been in ju r ed or
exposed a bove t h e per m issible exposu r e
lim it s or pu blish ed exposu r e levels in
a n em er gen cy sit u a t ion ;
(E ) A t m o r e fr e q u e n t t i m e s , i f t h e e x -
a m in in g ph y sicia n det er m in es t h a t a n
i n c r e a s e d fr e q u e n c y o f e x a m i n a t i o n i s
m edica lly n ecessa r y .
(i i ) F o r e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d u n d e r
p a r a g r a p h (f)(2)(i i i ) a n d fo r a l l e m p l o y -
ees in clu din g t h ose of em ploy er s cov-
e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (a )(1)(v ) w h o m a y
h a ve been in ju r ed, r eceived a h ea lt h
im pa ir m en t , developed sign s or sy m p-
t o m s w h i c h m a y h a v e r e s u l t e d fr o m e x -
p o s u r e t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s r e s u l t -
i n g fr o m a n e m e r g e n c y i n c i d e n t , o r e x -
posed du r in g a n em er gen cy in ciden t t o
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a t c o n c e n t r a -
t ion s a bove t h e per m issible exposu r e
lim it s or t h e pu blish ed exposu r e levels
wit h ou t t h e n ecessa r y per son a l pr ot ec-
t ive equ ipm en t bein g u sed:
(A ) A s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e fo l l o w i n g t h e
em er gen cy in ciden t or developm en t of
sign s or sy m pt om s;
(B ) A t a d d i t i o n a l t i m e s , i f t h e e x a m -
i n i n g p h y s i c i a n d e t e r m i n e s t h a t fo l l o w -
u p exa m in a t ion s or con su lt a t ion s a r e
m edica lly n ecessa r y .
(4) Con t en t of m ed ica l ex a m in a t ion s a n d
con su lt a t ion s. (i ) M e d i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s
r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (f)(3) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion sh a ll in clu de a m edica l a n d wor k
h i s t o r y (o r u p d a t e d h i s t o r y i f o n e i s i n
t h e e m p l o y e e ’s fi l e ) w i t h s p e c i a l e m -
ph a sis on sy m pt om s r ela t ed t o t h e h a n -
d l i n g o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s , a n d t o fi t n e s s fo r d u t y
in clu din g t h e a bilit y t o wea r a n y r e-
q u i r e d P P E u n d e r c o n d i t i o n s (i .e ., t e m -
per a t u r e ext r em es) t h a t m a y be ex-
pect ed a t t h e wor k sit e.
(i i ) T h e c o n t e n t o f m e d i c a l e x a m i n a -
t ion s or con su lt a t ion s m a de a va ila ble
t o e m p l o y e e s p u r s u a n t t o p a r a g r a p h (f)
sh a ll be det er m in ed by t h e a t t en din g
p h y s i c i a n . T h e g u i d e l i n e s i n t h e O ccu -
p a t ion a l S a f et y a n d H ea lt h Gu id a n ce
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
M a n u a l f or H a z a rd ou s W a st e S it e A ct iv i-
t ies (S e e a p p e n d i x D , R e fe r e n c e # 10)
sh ou ld be con su lt ed.
(5) E x a m in a t ion by a p h y sicia n a n d
cost s. A l l m e d i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s a n d
p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d b y o r
u n der t h e su per vision of a licen sed ph y -
s i c i a n , p r e fe r a b l y o n e k n o w l e d g e a b l e i n
occu pa t ion a l m edicin e, a n d sh a ll be
pr ovided wit h ou t cost t o t h e em ploy ee,
wit h ou t loss of pa y , a n d a t a r ea son -
a ble t im e a n d pla ce.
(6) I n f orm a t ion p rov id ed t o t h e p h y si-
cia n . T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e o n e
copy of t h is st a n da r d a n d it s a ppen -
dices t o t h e a t t en din g ph y sicia n , a n d in
a d d i t i o n t h e fo l l o w i n g fo r e a c h e m -
ploy ee:
(i ) A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e e m p l o y e e ’s
d u t i e s a s t h e y r e l a t e t o t h e e m p l o y e e ’s
exposu r es.
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e e ’s e x p o s u r e l e v e l s o r
a n t icipa t ed exposu r e levels.
(i i i ) A d e s c r i p t i o n o f a n y p e r s o n a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t u sed or t o be
u sed.
(i v ) I n fo r m a t i o n fr o m p r e v i o u s m e d -
ica l exa m in a t ion s of t h e em ploy ee
wh ich is n ot r ea dily a va ila ble t o t h e
exa m in in g ph y sicia n .
(v ) I n fo r m a t i o n r e q u i r e d b y § 1910.134.
(7) P h y sicia n ’s w rit t en op in ion . (i ) T h e
e m p l o y e r s h a l l o b t a i n a n d fu r n i s h t h e
em ploy ee wit h a copy of a wr it t en
o p i n i o n fr o m t h e a t t e n d i n g p h y s i c i a n
c o n t a i n i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) T h e p h y s i c i a n ’s o p i n i o n a s t o
wh et h er t h e em ploy ee h a s a n y det ect ed
m edica l con dit ion s wh ich wou ld pla ce
t h e em ploy ee a t in cr ea sed r isk of m a -
t e r i a l i m p a i r m e n t o f t h e e m p l o y e e ’s
h e a l t h fr o m w o r k i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e
oper a t ion s or em er gen cy r espon se, or
fr o m r e s p i r a t o r u s e .
(B ) T h e p h y s i c i a n ’s r e c o m m e n d e d
l i m i t a t i o n s u p o n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s a s -
sign ed wor k .
(C) T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m e d i c a l e x a m -
in a t ion a n d t est s if r equ est ed by t h e
em ploy ee.
(D ) A s t a t e m e n t t h a t t h e e m p l o y e e
h a s b e e n i n fo r m e d b y t h e p h y s i c i a n o f
t h e r esu lt s of t h e m edica l exa m in a t ion
a n d a n y m edica l con dit ion s wh ich r e-
q u i r e fu r t h e r e x a m i n a t i o n o r t r e a t -
m en t .
(i i ) T h e w r i t t e n o p i n i o n o b t a i n e d b y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l n o t r e v e a l s p e c i fi c
377
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00387 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
fi n d i n g s o r d i a g n o s e s u n r e l a t e d t o o c -
cu pa t ion a l exposu r es.
(8) R ecord k eep in g. (i ) A n a c c u r a t e
r ecor d of t h e m edica l su r veilla n ce r e-
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
sh a ll be r et a in ed. T h is r ecor d sh a ll be
r e t a i n e d fo r t h e p e r i o d s p e c i fi e d a n d
m e e t t h e c r i t e r i a o f 29 CF R 1910.1020.
(i i ) T h e r e c o r d r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(f)(8)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l i n c l u d e a t
l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n :
(A ) T h e n a m e a n d s o c i a l s e c u r i t y
n u m ber of t h e em ploy ee;
(B ) P h y s i c i a n ’s w r i t t e n o p i n i o n s , r e c -
om m en ded lim it a t ion s, a n d r esu lt s of
exa m in a t ion s a n d t est s;
(C) A n y e m p l o y e e m e d i c a l c o m -
p l a i n t s r e l a t e d t o e x p o s u r e t o h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces;
(D ) A c o p y o f t h e i n fo r m a t i o n p r o -
vided t o t h e exa m in in g ph y sicia n by
t h e em ploy er , wit h t h e except ion of t h e
st a n da r d a n d it s a ppen dices.
(g ) E n gin eerin g con t rols, w ork p ra c-
t ices, a n d p erson a l p rot ect iv e equ ip m en t
f or em p loy ee p rot ect ion . E n g i n e e r i n g
con t r ols, wor k pr a ct ices, per son a l pr o-
t ect ive equ ipm en t , or a com bin a t ion of
t h ese sh a ll be im plem en t ed in a ccor d-
a n ce wit h t h is pa r a gr a ph t o pr ot ect
e m p l o y e e s fr o m e x p o s u r e t o h a za r d o u s
s u b s t a n c e s a n d s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h h a z-
a r ds.
(1) E n gin eerin g con t rols, w ork p ra ct ices
a n d P P E f or su bst a n ces regu la t ed in su b-
p a rt s G a n d Z . (i ) E n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s
a n d wor k pr a ct ices sh a ll be in st it u t ed
t o r edu ce a n d m a in t a in em ploy ee expo-
su r e t o or below t h e per m issible expo-
s u r e l i m i t s fo r s u b s t a n c e s r e g u l a t e d b y
29 CF R p a r t 1910, t o t h e e x t e n t r e q u i r e d
by su bpa r t Z, except t o t h e ext en t t h a t
s u c h c o n t r o l s a n d p r a c t i c e s a r e n o t fe a -
sible.
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (g )(1)(i ): E n g i n e e r i n g
c o n t r o l s w h i c h m a y b e fe a s i b l e i n c l u d e t h e
u s e o f p r e s s u r i ze d c a b s o r c o n t r o l b o o t h s o n
e q u i p m e n t , a n d /o r t h e u s e o f r e m o t e l y o p e r -
a t e d m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g e q u i p m e n t . Wo r k
p r a c t i c e s w h i c h m a y b e fe a s i b l e a r e r e m o v -
i n g a l l n o n -e s s e n t i a l e m p l o y e e s fr o m p o t e n -
t ia l exposu r e du r in g open in g of dr u m s, wet -
t in g down du st y oper a t ion s a n d loca t in g em -
p l o y e e s u p w i n d o f p o s s i b l e h a za r d s .
(i i ) Wh e n e v e r e n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s
a n d w o r k p r a c t i c e s a r e n o t fe a s i b l e o r
n ot r equ ir ed, a n y r ea son a ble com bin a -
t ion of en gin eer in g con t r ols, wor k
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
pr a ct ices a n d P P E sh a ll be u sed t o r e-
du ce a n d m a in t a in em ploy ee exposu r es
t o or below t h e per m issible exposu r e
l i m i t s o r d o s e l i m i t s fo r s u b s t a n c e s
r e g u l a t e d b y 29 CF R p a r t 1910, s u b p a r t
Z.
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l n o t i m p l e -
m en t a sch edu le of em ploy ee r ot a t ion
a s a m ea n s of com plia n ce wit h per m is-
sible exposu r e lim it s or dose lim it s ex-
c e p t w h e n t h e r e i s n o o t h e r fe a s i b l e
wa y of com ply in g wit h t h e a ir bor n e or
d e r m a l d o s e l i m i t s fo r i o n i zi n g r a d i -
a t ion .
(i v ) T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f 29 CF R , s u b p a r t
G , s h a l l b e fo l l o w e d .
(2) E n gin eerin g con t rols, w ork p ra ct ices,
a n d P P E f or su bst a n ces n ot regu la t ed in
su bp a rt s G a n d Z . A n a p p r o p r i a t e c o m -
bin a t ion of en gin eer in g con t r ols, wor k
pr a ct ices and per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t sh a ll be u sed t o r edu ce a n d
m a in t a in em ploy ee exposu r e t o or
b e l o w p u b l i s h e d e x p o s u r e l e v e l s fo r
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d h e a l t h h a z-
a r d s n o t r e g u l a t e d b y 29 CF R p a r t 1910,
su bpa r t s G a n d Z. T h e em ploy er m a y
u se t h e pu blish ed lit er a t u r e a n d MS DS
a s a g u i d e i n m a k i n g t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
det er m in a t ion a s t o wh a t level of pr o-
t ect ion t h e em ploy er believes is a ppr o-
p r i a t e fo r h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s fo r w h i c h t h e r e i s n o
per m issible exposu r e lim it or pu blish ed
exposu r e lim it .
(3) P erson a l p rot ect iv e equ ip m en t selec-
t ion . (i ) P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t
(P P E ) s h a l l b e s e l e c t e d a n d u s e d w h i c h
w i l l p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e h a z-
a r d s a n d p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s t h e y a r e
l i k e l y t o e n c o u n t e r a s i d e n t i fi e d d u r i n g
t h e s i t e c h a r a c t e r i za t i o n a n d a n a l y s i s .
(i i ) P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t
select ion sh a ll be ba sed on a n eva lu a -
t i o n o f t h e p e r fo r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
of t h e P P E r ela t ive t o t h e r equ ir e-
m en t s a n d lim it a t ion s of t h e sit e, t h e
t a s k -s p e c i fi c c o n d i t i o n s a n d d u r a t i o n ,
a n d t h e h a za r d s a n d p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s
i d e n t i fi e d a t t h e s i t e .
(i i i ) P o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d
br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s, or posit ive pr es-
s u r e a i r -l i n e r e s p i r a t o r s e q u i p p e d w i t h
a n esca pe a ir su pply , sh a ll be u sed
wh en ch em ica l exposu r e levels pr esen t
will cr ea t e a su bst a n t ia l possibilit y of
im m edia t e dea t h , im m edia t e ser iou s
illn ess or in ju r y , or im pa ir t h e a bilit y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t o esca pe.
378
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00388 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i v ) T o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g c h e m i c a l
p r o t e c t i v e s u i t s (p r o t e c t i o n e q u i v a l e n t
t o L evel A pr ot ect ion a s r ecom m en ded
in a ppen dix B) sh a ll be u sed in con di-
t i o n s w h e r e s k i n a b s o r p t i o n o f a h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ce m a y r esu lt in a su b-
st a n t ia l possibilit y of im m edia t e
dea t h , im m edia t e ser iou s illn ess or in -
ju r y , or im pa ir t h e a bilit y t o esca pe.
(v ) T h e l e v e l o f p r o t e c t i o n p r o v i d e d
by P P E select ion sh a ll be in cr ea sed
w h e n a d d i t i o n a l i n fo r m a t i o n o n s i t e
con dit ion s in dica t es t h a t in cr ea sed
pr ot ect ion is n ecessa r y t o r edu ce em -
ploy ee exposu r es below per m issible ex-
posu r e lim it s a n d pu blish ed exposu r e
l e v e l s fo r h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s . (S e e a p p e n d i x B fo r
g u i d a n c e o n s e l e c t i n g P P E e n s e m b l e s .)
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (g )(3): T h e l e v e l o f e m -
ploy ee pr ot ect ion pr ovided m a y be decr ea sed
w h e n a d d i t i o n a l i n fo r m a t i o n o r s i t e c o n d i -
t ion s sh ow t h a t decr ea sed pr ot ect ion will n ot
r e s u l t i n h a za r d o u s e x p o s u r e s t o e m p l o y e e s .
(v i ) P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t
sh a ll be select ed a n d u sed t o m eet t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R p a r t 1910, s u b -
pa r t I, a n d a ddit ion a l r equ ir em en t s
s p e c i fi e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n .
(4) T ot a lly -en ca p su la t in g ch em ica l p ro-
t ect iv e su it s. (i ) T o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g
s u i t s s h a l l p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e
p a r t i c u l a r h a za r d s w h i c h a r e i d e n t i fi e d
d u r i n g s i t e c h a r a c t e r i za t i o n a n d a n a l -
y sis.
(i i ) T o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g s u i t s s h a l l
be ca pa ble of m a in t a in in g posit ive a ir
p r e s s u r e . (S e e a p p e n d i x A fo r a t e s t
m et h od wh ich m a y be u sed t o eva lu a t e
t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t .)
(i i i ) T o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g s u i t s s h a l l
be ca pa ble of pr even t in g in wa r d t est
g a s l e a k a g e o f m o r e t h a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .
(S e e a p p e n d i x A fo r a t e s t m e t h o d
wh ich m a y be u sed t o eva lu a t e t h is r e-
q u i r e m e n t .)
(5) P erson a l p rot ect iv e equ ip m en t (P P E )
p rogra m . A w r i t t e n p e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e
equ ipm en t pr ogr a m , wh ich is pa r t of
t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o -
g r a m r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n o r r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (p )(1)
of t h is sect ion a n d wh ich is a lso a pa r t
o f t h e s i t e -s p e c i fi c s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
pla n sh a ll be est a blish ed. T h e P P E pr o-
gr a m sh a ll a ddr ess t h e elem en t s list ed
b e l o w . Wh e n e l e m e n t s , s u c h a s d o n n i n g
a n d d o ffi n g p r o c e d u r e s , a r e p r o v i d e d b y
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o f a p i e c e o f e q u i p -
m en t a n d a r e a t t a ch ed t o t h e pla n ,
t h ey n eed n ot be r ewr it t en in t o t h e
pla n a s lon g a s t h ey a dequ a t ely a ddr ess
t h e pr ocedu r e or elem en t .
(i ) P P E s e l e c t i o n b a s e d u p o n s i t e h a z-
a r ds,
(i i ) P P E u s e a n d l i m i t a t i o n s o f t h e
equ ipm en t ,
(i i i ) Wo r k m i s s i o n d u r a t i o n ,
(i v ) P P E m a i n t e n a n c e a n d s t o r a g e ,
(v ) P P E d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n a n d d i s -
posa l,
(v i ) P P E t r a i n i n g a n d p r o p e r fi t t i n g ,
(v i i ) P P E d o n n i n g a n d d o ffi n g p r o c e -
du r es,
(v i i i ) P P E i n s p e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s
p r i o r t o , d u r i n g , a n d a ft e r u s e ,
(i x ) E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f
t h e P P E pr ogr a m , a n d
(x ) L i m i t a t i o n s d u r i n g t e m p e r a t u r e
ext r em es, h ea t st r ess, a n d ot h er a ppr o-
pr ia t e m edica l con sider a t ion s.
(h ) M on it orin g—(1) Gen era l. (i ) M o n i -
t o r i n g s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h t h is pa r a gr a ph wh er e t h er e
m a y be a qu est ion of em ploy ee expo-
s u r e t o h a za r d o u s c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s i n o r d e r t o a s s u r e
pr oper select ion of en gin eer in g con -
t r ols, wor k pr a ct ices a n d per son a l pr o-
t ect ive equ ipm en t so t h a t em ploy ees
a r e n ot exposed t o levels wh ich exceed
per m issible exposu r e lim it s, or pu b-
lish ed exposu r e levels if t h er e a r e n o
p e r m i s s i b l e e x p o s u r e l i m i t s , fo r h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces.
(i i ) A i r m o n i t o r i n g s h a l l b e u s e d t o
i d e n t i fy a n d q u a n t i fy a i r b o r n e l e v e l s o f
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d s a fe t y a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s i n o r d e r t o d e t e r m i n e
t h e a ppr opr ia t e level of em ploy ee pr o-
t ect ion n eeded on sit e.
(2) I n it ia l en t ry . U p o n i n i t i a l e n t r y ,
r epr esen t a t ive a ir m on it or in g sh a ll be
c o n d u c t e d t o i d e n t i fy a n y I D L H c o n d i -
t ion , exposu r e over per m issible expo-
su r e lim it s or pu blish ed exposu r e lev-
els, exposu r e over a r a dioa ct ive m a t e-
r i a l ’s d o s e l i m i t s o r o t h e r d a n g e r o u s
c o n d i t i o n s u c h a s t h e p r e s e n c e o f fl a m -
m a b l e a t m o s p h e r e s o r o x y g e n -d e fi c i e n t
en vir on m en t s.
(3) P eriod ic m on it orin g. P e r i o d i c m o n i -
t or in g sh a ll be con du ct ed wh en t h e pos-
s i b i l i t y o f a n I D L H c o n d i t i o n o r fl a m -
m a ble a t m osph er e h a s developed or
wh en t h er e is in dica t ion t h a t exposu r es
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a y h a ve r isen over per m issible expo-
379
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§ 1910.120
su r e lim it s or pu blish ed exposu r e levels
sin ce pr ior m on it or in g. S it u a t ion s
wh er e it sh a ll be con sider ed wh et h er
t h e possibilit y t h a t exposu r es h a ve
r i s e n a r e a s fo l l o w s :
(i ) Wh e n w o r k b e g i n s o n a d i ffe r e n t
por t ion of t h e sit e.
(i i ) Wh e n c o n t a m i n a n t s o t h e r t h a n
t h o s e p r e v i o u s l y i d e n t i fi e d a r e b e i n g
h a n dled.
(i i i ) Wh e n a d i ffe r e n t t y p e o f o p e r -
a t i o n i s i n i t i a t e d (e .g ., d r u m o p e n i n g a s
o p p o s e d t o e x p l o r a t o r y w e l l d r i l l i n g ).
(i v ) Wh e n e m p l o y e e s a r e h a n d l i n g
lea k in g dr u m s or con t a in er s or wor k -
in g in a r ea s wit h obviou s liqu id con -
t a m i n a t i o n (e .g ., a s p i l l o r l a g o o n ).
(4) M on it orin g of h igh -risk em p loy ees.
A ft e r t h e a c t u a l c l e a n -u p p h a s e o f a n y
h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n c o m m e n c e s ;
fo r e x a m p l e , w h e n s o i l , s u r fa c e w a t e r
or con t a in er s a r e m oved or dist u r bed;
t h e em ploy er sh a ll m on it or t h ose em -
ploy ees lik ely t o h a ve t h e h igh est ex-
p o s u r e s t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s l i k e l y t o b e p r e s e n t
a bove per m issible exposu r e lim it s or
pu blish ed exposu r e levels by u sin g per -
s o n a l s a m p l i n g fr e q u e n t l y e n o u g h t o
c h a r a c t e r i ze e m p l o y e e e x p o s u r e s . I f t h e
em ploy ees lik ely t o h a ve t h e h igh est
exposu r e a r e over per m issible exposu r e
lim it s or pu blish ed exposu r e lim it s,
t h en m on it or in g sh a ll con t in u e t o de-
t er m in e a ll em ploy ees lik ely t o be
a bove t h ose lim it s. T h e em ploy er m a y
u t i l i ze a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a m p l i n g a p -
pr oa ch by docu m en t in g t h a t t h e em -
p l o y e e s a n d c h e m i c a l s c h o s e n fo r m o n i -
t or in g a r e ba sed on t h e cr it er ia st a t ed
a bove.
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (h ): I t i s n o t r e q u i r e d
t o m on it or em ploy ees en ga ged in sit e ch a r -
a c t e r i za t i o n o p e r a t i o n s c o v e r e d b y p a r a g r a p h
(c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i ) I n f orm a t ion a l p rogra m s. E m p l o y e r s
sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t a pr o-
g r a m , w h i c h i s p a r t o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m r e q u i r e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t o i n fo r m
em ploy ees, con t r a ct or s, and su b-
c o n t r a c t o r s (o r t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e )
a c t u a l l y e n g a g e d i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e
oper a t ion s of t h e n a t u r e, level a n d de-
gr ee of exposu r e lik ely a s a r esu lt of
p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s u c h h a za r d o u s w a s t e
oper a t ion s. E m ploy ees, con t r a ct or s a n d
su bcon t r a ct or s wor k in g ou t side of t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
oper a t ion s pa r t of a sit e a r e n ot cov-
er ed by t h is st a n da r d.
(j ) H a n d lin g d ru m s a n d con t a in ers—(1)
Gen era l. (i ) H a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d
con t a m in a t ed soils, liqu ids, a n d ot h er
r esidu es sh a ll be h a n dled, t r a n spor t ed,
la beled, a n d disposed of in a ccor da n ce
wit h t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) D r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s u s e d d u r -
i n g t h e c l e a n -u p s h a l l m e e t t h e a p p r o -
p r i a t e D OT , OS H A , a n d E P A r e g u l a -
t i o n s fo r t h e w a s t e s t h a t t h e y c o n t a i n .
(i i i ) Wh e n p r a c t i c a l , d r u m s a n d c o n -
t a in er s sh a ll be in spect ed a n d t h eir in -
t egr it y sh a ll be a ssu r ed pr ior t o bein g
m oved. Dr u m s or con t a in er s t h a t ca n -
n o t b e i n s p e c t e d b e fo r e b e i n g m o v e d
b e c a u s e o f s t o r a g e c o n d i t i o n s (i .e ., b u r -
ied ben ea t h t h e ea r t h , st a ck ed beh in d
ot h er dr u m s, st a ck ed sever a l t ier s h igh
i n a p i l e , e t c .) s h a l l b e m o v e d t o a n a c -
cessible loca t ion a n d in spect ed pr ior t o
fu r t h e r h a n d l i n g .
(i v ) U n l a b e l l e d d r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s
s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d t o c o n t a i n h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces a n d h a n dled a ccor d-
in gly u n t il t h e con t en t s a r e posit ively
i d e n t i fi e d a n d l a b e l e d .
(v ) S i t e o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l b e o r g a n i ze d
t o m i n i m i ze t h e a m o u n t o f d r u m o r
con t a in er m ovem en t .
(v i ) P r i o r t o m o v e m e n t o f d r u m s o r
con t a in er s, a ll em ploy ees exposed t o
t h e t r a n s fe r o p e r a t i o n s h a l l b e w a r n e d
o f t h e p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d
wit h t h e con t en t s of t h e dr u m s or con -
t a in er s.
(v i i ) U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r -
t a t i o n s p e c i fi e d s a l v a g e d r u m s o r c o n -
t a in er s a n d su it a ble qu a n t it ies of pr op-
er a bsor ben t sh a ll be k ept a va ila ble
a n d u sed in a r ea s wh er e spills, lea k s, or
r u pt u r es m a y occu r .
(v i i i ) Wh e r e m a j o r s p i l l s m a y o c c u r , a
spill con t a in m en t pr ogr a m , wh ich is
p a r t o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h pr ogr a m r equ ir ed in pa r a gr a ph
(b ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s h a l l b e i m p l e -
m en t ed t o con t a in a n d isola t e t h e en -
t i r e v o l u m e o f t h e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e
b e i n g t r a n s fe r r e d .
(i x ) D r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s t h a t c a n -
n ot be m oved wit h ou t r u pt u r e, lea k a ge,
or spilla ge sh a ll be em pt ied in t o a
sou n d con t a in er u sin g a device cla ssi-
fi e d fo r t h e m a t e r i a l b e i n g t r a n s fe r r e d .
(x ) A g r o u n d -p e n e t r a t i n g s y s t e m o r
ot h er t y pe of det ect ion sy st em or de-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
vice sh a ll be u sed t o est im a t e t h e loca -
380
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00390 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t ion a n d dept h of bu r ied dr u m s or con -
t a in er s.
(x i ) S o i l o r c o v e r i n g m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e
r em oved wit h ca u t ion t o pr even t dr u m
or con t a in er r u pt u r e.
(x i i ) F i r e e x t i n g u i s h i n g e q u i p m e n t
m e e t i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
p a r t 1910, s u b p a r t L , s h a l l b e o n h a n d
a n d r e a d y fo r u s e t o c o n t r o l i n c i p i e n t
fi r e s .
(2) O p en in g d ru m s a n d con t a in ers. T h e
fo l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l b e fo l l o w e d
in a r ea s wh er e dr u m s or con t a in er s a r e
bein g open ed:
(i ) Wh e r e a n a i r l i n e r e s p i r a t o r s y s t e m
is u sed, con n ect ion s t o t h e sou r ce of a ir
s u p p l y s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m c o n -
t a m in a t ion a n d t h e en t ir e sy st em sh a ll
b e p r o t e c t e d fr o m p h y s i c a l d a m a g e .
(i i ) E m p l o y e e s n o t a c t u a l l y i n v o l v e d
in open in g dr u m s or con t a in er s sh a ll be
k e p t a s a fe d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e d r u m s o r
con t a in er s bein g open ed.
(i i i ) I f e m p l o y e e s m u s t w o r k n e a r o r
a dja cen t t o dr u m s or con t a in er s bein g
open ed, a su it a ble sh ield t h a t does n ot
i n t e r fe r e w i t h t h e w o r k o p e r a t i o n s h a l l
be pla ced bet ween t h e em ploy ee a n d
t h e dr u m s or con t a in er s bein g open ed
t o pr ot ect t h e em ploy ee in ca se of a cci-
den t a l explosion .
(i v ) Co n t r o l s fo r d r u m o r c o n t a i n e r
open in g equ ipm en t , m on it or in g equ ip-
m e n t , a n d fi r e s u p p r e s s i o n e q u i p m e n t
sh a ll be loca t ed beh in d t h e explosion -
r esist a n t ba r r ier .
(v ) Wh e n t h e r e i s a r e a s o n a b l e p o s s i -
b i l i t y o f fl a m m a b l e a t m o s p h e r e s b e i n g
pr esen t , m a t er ia l h a n dlin g equ ipm en t
a n d h a n d t ools sh a ll be of t h e t y pe t o
pr even t sou r ces of ign it ion .
(v i ) D r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
open ed in su ch a m a n n er t h a t excess
i n t e r i o r p r e s s u r e w i l l b e s a fe l y r e -
lieved. If pr essu r e ca n n ot be r elieved
fr o m a r e m o t e l o c a t i o n , a p p r o p r i a t e
sh ieldin g sh a ll be pla ced bet ween t h e
em ploy ee a n d t h e dr u m s or con t a in er s
t o r edu ce t h e r isk of em ploy ee in ju r y .
(v i i ) E m p l o y e e s s h a l l n o t s t a n d u p o n
o r w o r k fr o m d r u m s o r c o n t a i n e r s .
(3) M a t eria l h a n d lin g equ ip m en t . M a t e -
r ia l h a n diin g equ ipm en t u sed t o t r a n s-
fe r d r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e s e -
lect ed, posit ion ed a n d oper a t ed t o m in -
i m i ze s o u r c e s o f i g n i t i o n r e l a t e d t o t h e
e q u i p m e n t fr o m i g n i t i n g v a p o r s r e -
l e a s e d fr o m r u p t u r e d d r u m s o r c o n -
t a in er s.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(4) R a d ioa ct iv e w a st es. D r u m s a n d c o n -
t a in er s con t a in in g r a dioa ct ive wa st es
sh a ll n ot be h a n dled u n t il su ch t im e a s
t h e i r h a za r d t o e m p l o y e e s i s p r o p e r l y
a ssessed.
(5) S h ock sen sit iv e w a st es. A s a m i n -
i m u m , t h e fo l l o w i n g s p e c i a l p r e -
ca u t ion s sh a ll be t a k en wh en dr u m s
a n d con t a in er s con t a in in g or su spect ed
o f c o n t a i n i n g s h o c k -s e n s i t i v e w a s t e s
a r e h a n dled:
(i ) A l l n o n -e s s e n t i a l e m p l o y e e s s h a l l
b e e v a c u a t e d fr o m t h e a r e a o f t r a n s fe r .
(i i ) M a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g e q u i p m e n t
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h explosive con -
t a in m en t devices or pr ot ect ive sh ields
t o p r o t e c t e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t o r s fr o m
explodin g con t a in er s.
(i i i ) A n e m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m c a p a -
ble of bein g per ceived a bove su r -
r ou n din g ligh t a n d n oise con dit ion s
sh a ll be u sed t o sign a l t h e com m en ce-
m en t a n d com plet ion of explosive
wa st e h a n dlin g a ct ivit ies.
(i v ) Co n t i n u o u s c o m m u n i c a t i o n s (i .e .,
por t a ble r a dios, h a n d sign a ls, t ele-
ph on es, a s a ppr opr ia t e) sh a ll be m a in -
t a i n e d b e t w e e n t h e e m p l o y e e -i n -c h a r g e
of t h e im m edia t e h a n dlin g a r ea a n d
b o t h t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s u p e r -
visor a n d t h e com m a n d post u n t il su ch
t im e a s t h e h a n dlin g oper a t ion is com -
p l e t e d . Co m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t o r
m et h ods t h a t cou ld ca u se sh ock sen -
sit ive m a t er ia ls t o explode sh a ll n ot be
u sed.
(v ) D r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s u n d e r p r e s -
su r e, a s eviden ced by bu lgin g or swell-
in g, sh a ll n ot be m oved u n t il su ch t im e
a s t h e c a u s e fo r e x c e s s p r e s s u r e i s d e -
t er m in ed a n d a ppr opr ia t e con t a in m en t
pr ocedu r es h a ve been im plem en t ed t o
p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m e x p l o s i v e r e l i e f
of t h e dr u m .
(v i ) D r u m s a n d c o n t a i n e r s c o n t a i n i n g
pa ck a ged la bor a t or y wa st es sh a ll be
c o n s i d e r e d t o c o n t a i n s h o c k -s e n s i t i v e
or explosive m a t er ia ls u n t il t h ey h a ve
b e e n c h a r a c t e r i ze d .
C A U T I ON : S h i p p i n g o f s h o c k s e n s i t i v e
w a s t e s m a y b e p r o h i b i t e d u n d e r U .S . D e p a r t -
m en t of T r a n spor t a t ion r egu la t ion s. E m ploy -
e r s a n d t h e i r s h i p p e r s s h o u l d r e fe r t o 49 CF R
173.21 a n d 173.50.
(6) L a bora t ory w a st e p a ck s. I n a d d i t i o n
t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (j )(5)
o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e fo l l o w i n g p r e -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ca u t ion s sh a ll be t a k en , a s a m in im u m ,
381
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00391 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
in h a n dlin g la bor a t or y wa st e pa ck s
(l a b p a c k s ):
(i ) L a b p a c k s s h a l l b e o p e n e d o n l y
wh en n ecessa r y a n d t h en on ly by a n in -
dividu a l k n owledgea ble in t h e in spec-
t i o n , c l a s s i fi c a t i o n , a n d s e g r e g a t i o n o f
t h e con t a in er s wit h in t h e pa ck a ccor d-
i n g t o t h e h a za r d s o f t h e w a s t e s .
(i i ) I f c r y s t a l l i n e m a t e r i a l i s n o t e d o n
a n y con t a in er , t h e con t en t s sh a ll be
h a n d l e d a s a s h o c k -s e n s i t i v e w a s t e
u n t i l t h e c o n t e n t s a r e i d e n t i fi e d .
(7) S a m p lin g of d ru m a n d con t a in er
con t en t s. S a m p l i n g o f c o n t a i n e r s a n d
dr u m s sh a ll be don e in a ccor da n ce wit h
a sa m plin g pr ocedu r e wh ich is pa r t of
t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n d e v e l -
o p e d fo r a n d a v a i l a b l e t o e m p l o y e e s
a n d o t h e r s a t t h e s p e c i fi c w o r k s i t e .
(8) S h ip p in g a n d t ra n sp ort . (i ) D r u m s
a n d c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e i d e n t i fi e d a n d
c l a s s i fi e d p r i o r t o p a c k a g i n g fo r s h i p -
m en t .
(i i ) D r u m o r c o n t a i n e r s t a g i n g a r e a s
sh a ll be k ept t o t h e m in im u m n u m ber
n e c e s s a r y t o i d e n t i fy a n d c l a s s i fy m a -
t e r i a l s s a fe l y a n d p r e p a r e t h e m fo r
t r a n spor t .
(i i i ) S t a g i n g a r e a s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a dequ a t e a ccess a n d egr ess r ou t es.
(i v ) B u l k i n g o f h a za r d o u s w a s t e s
s h a l l b e p e r m i t t e d o n l y a ft e r a t h o r -
o u g h c h a r a c t e r i za t i o n o f t h e m a t e r i a l s
h a s been com plet ed.
(9) T a n k a n d v a u lt p roced u res. (i )
T a n k s a n d v a u l t s c o n t a i n i n g h a za r d o u s
su bst a n ces sh a ll be h a n dled in a m a n -
n e r s i m i l a r t o t h a t fo r d r u m s a n d c o n -
t a in er s, t a k in g in t o con sider a t ion t h e
s i ze o f t h e t a n k o r v a u l t .
(i i ) A p p r o p r i a t e t a n k o r v a u l t e n t r y
pr ocedu r es a s descr ibed in t h e em ploy -
e r ’s s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n s h a l l b e fo l -
lowed wh en ever em ploy ees m u st en t er
a t a n k or va u lt .
(k ) D econ t a m in a t ion —(1) Gen era l. P r o -
c e d u r e s fo r a l l p h a s e s o f d e c o n t a m i n a -
t ion sh a ll be developed a n d im ple-
m en t ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is pa r a -
gr a ph .
(2) D econ t a m in a t ion p roced u res. (i ) A
decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r e sh a ll be de-
veloped, com m u n ica t ed t o em ploy ees
a n d i m p l e m e n t e d b e fo r e a n y e m p l o y e e s
or equ ipm en t m a y en t er a r ea s on sit e
w h e r e p o t e n t i a l fo r e x p o s u r e t o h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces exist s.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
(i i ) S t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s
s h a l l b e d e v e l o p e d t o m i n i m i ze e m -
p l o y e e c o n t a c t w i t h h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ces or wit h equ ipm en t t h a t h a s
c o n t a c t e d h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s .
(i i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s l e a v i n g a c o n t a m i -
n a t ed a r ea sh a ll be a ppr opr ia t ely de-
con t a m in a t ed; a ll con t a m in a t ed clot h -
in g a n d equ ipm en t lea vin g a con t a m i-
n a t ed a r ea sh a ll be a ppr opr ia t ely dis-
posed of or decon t a m in a t ed.
(i v ) Decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es
s h a l l b e m o n i t o r e d b y t h e s i t e s a fe t y
a n d h ea lt h su per visor t o det er m in e
t h e i r e ffe c t i v e n e s s . Wh e n s u c h p r o c e -
d u r e s a r e fo u n d t o b e i n e ffe c t i v e , a p -
pr opr ia t e st eps sh a ll be t a k en t o cor -
r e c t a n y d e fi c i e n c i e s .
(3) L oca t ion . D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n s h a l l
b e p e r fo r m e d i n g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s
t h a t w i l l m i n i m i ze t h e e x p o s u r e o f
u n con t a m in a t ed em ploy ees or equ ip-
m en t t o con t a m in a t ed em ploy ees or
equ ipm en t .
(4) E qu ip m en t a n d solv en t s. A l l e q u i p -
m e n t a n d s o l v e n t s u s e d fo r d e c o n -
t a m in a t ion sh a ll be decon t a m in a t ed or
disposed of pr oper ly .
(5) P erson a l p rot ect iv e clot h in g a n d
equ ip m en t . (i ) P r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g a n d
equ ipm en t sh a ll be decon t a m in a t ed,
clea n ed, la u n der ed, m a in t a in ed or r e-
p l a c e d a s n e e d e d t o m a i n t a i n t h e i r e f-
fe c t i v e n e s s .
(i i ) E m p l o y e e s w h o s e n o n -i m p e r -
m ea ble clot h in g becom es wet t ed wit h
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s s h a l l i m m e -
dia t ely r em ove t h a t clot h in g a n d pr o-
ceed t o sh ower . T h e clot h in g sh a ll be
d i s p o s e d o f o r d e c o n t a m i n a t e d b e fo r e i t
i s r e m o v e d fr o m t h e w o r k zo n e .
(6) U n a u t h oriz ed em p loy ees. U n a u t h o r -
i ze d e m p l o y e e s s h a l l n o t r e m o v e p r o -
t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g o r e q u i p m e n t fr o m
ch a n ge r oom s.
(7) Com m ercia l la u n d ries or clea n in g es-
t a blish m en t s. Co m m e r c i a l l a u n d r i e s o r
clea n in g est a blish m en t s t h a t decon -
t a m in a t e pr ot ect ive clot h in g or equ ip-
m e n t s h a l l b e i n fo r m e d o f t h e p o t e n -
t i a l l y h a r m fu l e ffe c t s o f e x p o s u r e s t o
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s .
(8) S h ow ers a n d ch a n ge room s. Wh e r e
t h e decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r e in di-
c a t e s a n e e d fo r r e g u l a r s h o w e r s a n d
ch a n ge r oom s ou t side of a con t a m i-
n a t ed a r ea , t h ey sh a ll be pr ovided a n d
m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
1910.141. I f t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d i t i o n s p r e -
382
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00392 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
v e n t t h e e ffe c t i v e u s e o f w a t e r , t h e n
o t h e r e ffe c t i v e m e a n s fo r c l e a n s i n g
sh a ll be pr ovided a n d u sed.
(l ) E m ergen cy resp on se by em p loy ees a t
u n con t rolled h a z a rd ou s w a st e sit es—(1)
E m ergen cy resp on se p la n . (i ) A n e m e r -
gen cy r espon se pla n sh a ll be developed
a n d im plem en t ed by a ll em ploy er s
w i t h i n t h e s c o p e o f p a r a g r a p h s (a )(1)
(i )–(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n t o h a n d l e a n t i c i -
pa t ed em er gen cies pr ior t o t h e com -
m e n c e m e n t o f h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r -
a t ion s. T h e pla n sh a ll be in wr it in g a n d
a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n a n d c o p y i n g b y
em ploy ees, t h eir r epr esen t a t ives,
OS H A p e r s o n n e l a n d o t h e r g o v e r n -
m en t a l a gen cies wit h r eleva n t r espon -
sibilit ies.
(i i ) E m p l o y e r s w h o w i l l e v a c u a t e
t h e i r e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e d a n g e r a r e a
wh en a n em er gen cy occu r s, a n d wh o do
n ot per m it a n y of t h eir em ploy ees t o
a ssist in h a n dlin g t h e em er gen cy , a r e
e x e m p t fr o m t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
pa r a gr a ph if t h ey pr ovide a n em er -
g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n c o m p l y i n g w i t h 29
CF R 1910.38.
(2) E lem en t s of a n em ergen cy resp on se
p la n . T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e v e l o p a n
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n fo r e m e r -
gen cies wh ich sh a ll a ddr ess, a s a m in -
i m u m , t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) P r e -e m e r g e n c y p l a n n i n g .
(i i ) P e r s o n n e l r o l e s , l i n e s o f a u t h o r -
it y , a n d com m u n ica t ion .
(i i i ) E m e r g e n c y r e c o g n i t i o n a n d p r e -
ven t ion .
(i v ) S a fe d i s t a n c e s a n d p l a c e s o f r e f-
u ge.
(v ) S i t e s e c u r i t y a n d c o n t r o l .
(v i ) E v a c u a t i o n r o u t e s a n d p r o c e -
du r es.
(v i i ) Decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es
w h i c h a r e n o t c o v e r e d b y t h e s i t e s a fe -
t y a n d h ea lt h pla n .
(v i i i ) E m e r g e n c y m e d i c a l t r e a t m e n t
a n d fi r s t a i d .
(i x ) E m e r g e n c y a l e r t i n g a n d r e s p o n s e
pr ocedu r es.
(x ) Cr i t i q u e o f r e s p o n s e a n d fo l l o w -
u p.
(x i ) P P E a n d e m e r g e n c y e q u i p m e n t .
(3) P roced u res f or h a n d lin g em ergen cy
in cid en t s. (i ) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e e l e -
m e n t s fo r t h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (l )(2) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n , t h e fo l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s s h a l l b e
i n c l u d e d fo r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n s :
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(A ) S i t e t o p o g r a p h y , l a y o u t , a n d p r e -
va ilin g wea t h er con dit ion s.
(B ) P r o c e d u r e s fo r r e p o r t i n g i n c i -
d e n t s t o l o c a l , s t a t e , a n d fe d e r a l g o v -
er n m en t a l a gen cies.
(i i ) T h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be a sepa r a t e sect ion of t h e S it e
S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h P l a n .
(i i i ) T h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be com pa t ible a n d in t egr a t ed
w i t h t h e d i s a s t e r , fi r e a n d /o r e m e r -
gen cy r espon se pla n s of loca l, st a t e,
a n d fe d e r a l a g e n c i e s .
(i v ) T h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be r eh ea r sed r egu la r ly a s pa r t of
t h e o v e r a l l t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m fo r s i t e
oper a t ion s.
(v ) T h e s i t e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be r eviewed per iodica lly a n d, a s
n ecessa r y , be a m en ded t o k eep it cu r -
r en t wit h n ew or ch a n gin g sit e con di-
t i o n s o r i n fo r m a t i o n .
(v i ) A n e m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m s h a l l
b e i n s t a l l e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h 29 CF R
1910.165 t o n o t i fy e m p l o y e e s o f a n e m e r -
gen cy sit u a t ion ; t o st op wor k a ct ivit ies
if n ecessa r y ; t o lower ba ck gr ou n d n oise
in or der t o speed com m u n ica t ion ; a n d
t o begin em er gen cy pr ocedu r es.
(v i i ) B a s e d u p o n t h e i n fo r m a t i o n
a va ila ble a t t im e of t h e em er gen cy , t h e
em ploy er sh a ll eva lu a t e t h e in ciden t
a n d t h e sit e r espon se ca pa bilit ies a n d
pr oceed wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e st eps t o
im plem en t t h e sit e em er gen cy r espon se
pla n .
(m ) I llu m in a t ion . A r e a s a c c e s s i b l e t o
em ploy ees sh a ll be ligh t ed t o n ot less
t h a n t h e m in im u m illu m in a t ion in t en -
s i t i e s l i s t e d i n t h e fo l l o w i n g T a b l e H –
120.1 w h i l e a n y w o r k i s i n p r o g r e s s :
TABLE H–120.1—MINIMUM ILLUMINATION
INTENSITIES IN FOOT-CANDLES
Foot-
can- Area or operations
dles
5 ........ General site areas.
3 ........ Excavation and waste areas, accessways, active
storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and
field maintenance areas.
5 ........ Indoors: Warehouses, corridors, hallways, and
exitways.
5 ........ Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work
areas. (Exception: Minimum of 10 foot-candles is
required at tunnel and shaft heading during drilling
mucking, and scaling. Mine Safety and Health Ad-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ministration approved cap lights shall be accept-
able for use in the tunnel heading.)
383
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00393 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
TABLE H–120.1—MINIMUM ILLUMINATION
INTENSITIES IN FOOT-CANDLES—Continued
Foot-
can- Area or operations
dles
10 ...... General shops (e.g., mechanical and electrical
equipment rooms, active storerooms, barracks or
living quarters, locker or dressing rooms, dining
areas, and indoor toilets and workrooms.)
30 ...... First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.
(n ) S a n it a t ion a t t em p ora ry w ork -
p la ces—(1) P ot a ble w a t er. (i ) A n a d e -
qu a t e su pply of pot a ble wa t er sh a ll be
pr ovided on t h e sit e.
(i i ) P o r t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s u s e d t o d i s -
pen se dr in k in g wa t er sh a ll be ca pa ble
of bein g t igh t ly closed, a n d equ ipped
w i t h a t a p . Wa t e r s h a l l n o t b e d i p p e d
fr o m c o n t a i n e r s .
(i i i ) A n y c o n t a i n e r u s e d t o d i s t r i b u t e
dr in k in g wa t er sh a ll be clea r ly m a r k ed
a s t o t h e n a t u r e of it s con t en t s a n d n ot
u s e d fo r a n y o t h e r p u r p o s e .
(i v ) Wh e r e s i n g l e s e r v i c e c u p s (t o b e
u sed bu t on ce) a r e su pplied, bot h a sa n -
i t a r y c o n t a i n e r fo r t h e u n u s e d c u p s a n d
a r e c e p t a c l e fo r d i s p o s i n g o f t h e u s e d
cu ps sh a ll be pr ovided.
(2) N on p ot a ble w a t er. (i ) Ou t l e t s fo r
n o n p o t a b l e w a t e r , s u c h a s w a t e r fo r
fi r e fi g h t i n g p u r p o s e s , s h a l l b e i d e n t i -
fi e d t o i n d i c a t e c l e a r l y t h a t t h e w a t e r
i s u n s a fe a n d i s n o t t o b e u s e d fo r
dr in k in g, wa sh in g, or cook in g pu r -
poses.
(i i ) T h e r e s h a l l b e n o c r o s s -c o n n e c -
t ion , open or pot en t ia l, bet ween a sy s-
t e m fu r n i s h i n g p o t a b l e w a t e r a n d a
s y s t e m fu r n i s h i n g n o n p o t a b l e w a t e r .
(3) T oilet f a cilit ies. (i ) T o i l e t s s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d fo r e m p l o y e e s a c c o r d i n g t o
t h e fo l l o w i n g T a b l e H –120.2.
TABLE H–120.2—TOILET FACILITIES
Number of employees Minimum number of facilities
20 or fewer ............................. One.
More than 20, fewer than 200 One toilet seat and one uri-
nal per 40 employees.
More than 200 ........................ One toilet seat and one uri-
nal per 50 employees.
(i i ) U n d e r t e m p o r a r y fi e l d c o n d i t i o n s ,
pr ovision s sh a ll be m a de t o a ssu r e t h a t
a t l e a s t o n e t o i l e t fa c i l i t y i s a v a i l a b l e .
(i i i ) H a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e s n o t p r o -
vided wit h a sa n it a r y sewer sh a ll be
p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g t o i l e t fa -
cilit ies u n less pr oh ibit ed by loca l
codes:
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
(A ) Ch e m i c a l t o i l e t s ;
(B ) R e c i r c u l a t i n g t o i l e t s ;
(C) Co m b u s t i o n t o i l e t s ; o r
(D ) F l u s h t o i l e t s .
(i v ) T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s p a r a -
g r a p h fo r s a n i t a t i o n fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l n o t
a pply t o m obile cr ews h a vin g t r a n spor -
t a t ion r ea dily a va ila ble t o n ea r by t oi-
l e t fa c i l i t i e s .
(v ) D o o r s e n t e r i n g t o i l e t fa c i l i t i e s
sh a ll be pr ovided wit h en t r a n ce lock s
c o n t r o l l e d fr o m i n s i d e t h e fa c i l i t y .
(4) F ood h a n d lin g. A l l fo o d s e r v i c e fa -
c i l i t i e s a n d o p e r a t i o n s fo r e m p l o y e e s
sh a ll m eet t h e a pplica ble la ws, or di-
n a n ces, a n d r egu la t ion s of t h e ju r isdic-
t ion s in wh ich t h ey a r e loca t ed.
(5) T em p ora ry sleep in g qu a rt ers. Wh e n
t em por a r y sleepin g qu a r t er s a r e pr o-
vided, t h ey sh a ll be h ea t ed, ven t ila t ed,
a n d ligh t ed.
(6) W a sh in g f a cilit ies. T h e e m p l o y e r
s h a l l p r o v i d e a d e q u a t e w a s h i n g fa c i l i -
t i e s fo r e m p l o y e e s e n g a g e d i n o p e r -
a t i o n s w h e r e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s
m a y b e h a r m fu l t o e m p l o y e e s . S u c h fa -
cilit ies sh a ll be in n ea r pr oxim it y t o
t h e wor k sit e; in a r ea s wh er e exposu r es
a r e below per m issible exposu r e lim it s
a n d pu blish ed exposu r e levels a n d
wh ich a r e u n der t h e con t r ols of t h e em -
ploy er ; a n d sh a ll be so equ ipped a s t o
e n a b l e e m p l o y e e s t o r e m o v e h a za r d o u s
s u b s t a n c e s fr o m t h e m s e l v e s .
(7) S h ow ers a n d ch a n ge room s. Wh e n
h a za r d o u s w a s t e c l e a n -u p o r r e m o v a l
oper a t ion s com m en ce on a sit e a n d t h e
du r a t ion of t h e wor k will r equ ir e six
m on t h s or gr ea t er t im e t o com plet e,
t h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide sh ower s a n d
c h a n g e r o o m s fo r a l l e m p l o y e e s e x -
p o s e d t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s i n v o l v e d i n h a za r d o u s
w a s t e c l e a n -u p o r r e m o v a l o p e r a t i o n s .
(i ) S h o w e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a n d
s h a l l m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910.141(d )(3).
(i i ) Ch a n g e r o o m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
a n d s h a l l m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29
CF R 1910.141(e ). Ch a n g e r o o m s s h a l l
con sist of t wo sepa r a t e ch a n ge a r ea s
sepa r a t ed by t h e sh ower a r ea r equ ir ed
i n p a r a g r a p h (n )(7)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
On e c h a n g e a r e a , w i t h a n e x i t l e a d i n g
o ff t h e w o r k s i t e , s h a l l p r o v i d e e m p l o y -
ees wit h a clea n a r ea wh er e t h ey ca n
r em ove, st or e, a n d pu t on st r eet clot h -
in g. T h e secon d a r ea , wit h a n exit t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e wor k sit e, sh a ll pr ovide em ploy ees
384
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
wit h a n a r ea wh er e t h ey ca n pu t on , r e-
m ove a n d st or e wor k clot h in g a n d per -
son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t .
(i i i ) S h o w e r s a n d c h a n g e r o o m s s h a l l
be loca t ed in a r ea s wh er e exposu r es a r e
below t h e per m issible exposu r e lim it s
a n d pu blish ed exposu r e levels. If t h is
ca n n ot be a ccom plish ed, t h en a ven -
t ila t ion sy st em sh a ll be pr ovided t h a t
will su pply a ir t h a t is below t h e per -
m issible exposu r e lim it s a n d pu blish ed
exposu r e levels.
(i v ) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t e m -
ploy ees sh ower a t t h e en d of t h eir wor k
s h i ft a n d w h e n l e a v i n g t h e h a za r d o u s
wa st e sit e.
(o ) N ew t ech n ology p rogra m s. (1) T h e
em ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t
p r o c e d u r e s fo r t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f e f-
fe c t i v e n e w t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d e q u i p -
m e n t d e v e l o p e d fo r t h e i m p r o v e d p r o -
t e c t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s w o r k i n g w i t h h a z-
a r d o u s w a s t e c l e a n -u p o p e r a t i o n s , a n d
t h e sa m e sh a ll be im plem en t ed a s pa r t
o f t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m
t o a ssu r e t h a t em ploy ee pr ot ect ion is
bein g m a in t a in ed.
(2) N e w t e c h n o l o g i e s , e q u i p m e n t o r
con t r ol m ea su r es a va ila ble t o t h e in -
d u s t r y , s u c h a s t h e u s e o f fo a m s ,
a b s o r b e n t s , a d s o r b e n t s , n e u t r a l i ze r s , o r
ot h er m ea n s t o su ppr ess t h e level of a ir
con t a m in a t es wh ile exca va t in g t h e sit e
o r fo r s p i l l c o n t r o l , s h a l l b e e v a l u a t e d
by em ploy er s or t h eir r epr esen t a t ives.
S u ch a n eva lu a t ion sh a ll be don e t o de-
t e r m i n e t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e n e w
m et h ods, m a t er ia ls, or equ ipm en t be-
fo r e i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e i r u s e o n a l a r g e
s c a l e fo r e n h a n c i n g e m p l o y e e p r o t e c -
t i o n . I n fo r m a t i o n a n d d a t a fr o m m a n u -
fa c t u r e r s o r s u p p l i e r s m a y b e u s e d a s
p a r t o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s e v a l u a t i o n e f-
fo r t . S u c h e v a l u a t i o n s s h a l l b e m a d e
a v a i l a b l e t o OS H A u p o n r e q u e s t .
(p ) Cert a in O p era t ion s Con d u ct ed
U n d er t h e R esou rce Con serv a t ion a n d R e-
cov ery A ct of 1976 (R CR A ). E m p l o y e r s
con du ct in g oper a t ion s a t t r ea t m en t ,
s t o r a g e a n d d i s p o s a l (T S D ) fa c i l i t i e s
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a )(1)(i v ) o f t h i s
sect ion sh a ll pr ovide a n d im plem en t
t h e p r o g r a m s s p e c i fi e d i n t h i s p a r a -
g r a p h . S e e t h e ‘‘N o t e s a n d E x c e p t i o n s ’’
t o p a r a g r a p h (a )(2)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
fo r e m p l o y e r s n o t c o v e r e d .)’’.
(1) S a f et y a n d h ea lt h p rogra m . T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t a
w r i t t e n s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m fo r
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
e m p l o y e e s i n v o l v e d i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e
o p e r a t i o n s t h a t s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e fo r
in spect ion by em ploy ees, t h eir r ep-
r e s e n t a t i v e s a n d OS H A p e r s o n n e l . T h e
p r o g r a m s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o i d e n t i fy ,
e v a l u a t e a n d c o n t r o l s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
h a za r d s i n t h e i r fa c i l i t i e s fo r t h e p u r -
pose of em ploy ee pr ot ect ion , t o pr ovide
fo r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e m e e t i n g t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (p )(8) o f t h i s
sect ion a n d t o a ddr ess a s a ppr opr ia t e
sit e a n a ly sis, en gin eer in g con t r ols,
m a x i m u m e x p o s u r e l i m i t s , h a za r d o u s
wa st e h a n dlin g pr ocedu r es a n d u ses of
n ew t ech n ologies.
(2) H a z a rd com m u n ica t ion p rogra m .
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i m p l e m e n t a h a z-
a r d com m u n ica t ion pr ogr a m m eet in g
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R 1910.1200 a s
p a r t o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d p r o -
gr a m .
N OT E T O § 1910.120: T h e e x e m p t i o n fo r h a z-
a r d o u s w a s t e p r o v i d e d i n § 1910.1200 i s a p p l i -
ca ble t o t h is sect ion .
(3) M ed ica l su rv eilla n ce p rogra m . T h e
em ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t
a m edica l su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m m eet -
i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (f) o f
t h is sect ion .
(4) D econ t a m in a t ion p rogra m . T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t a
decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r e m eet in g
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (k ) o f
t h is sect ion .
(5) N ew t ech n ology p rogra m . T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t
pr ocedu r es m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s
o f p a r a g r a p h (o ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n fo r i n -
t r odu cin g n ew a n d in n ova t ive equ ip-
m en t in t o t h e wor k pla ce.
(6) M a t eria l h a n d lin g p rogra m . Wh e r e
em ploy ees will be h a n dlin g dr u m s or
con t a in er s, t h e em ploy er sh a ll develop
a n d im plem en t pr ocedu r es m eet in g t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (j )(1) (i i )
t h r o u g h (v i i i ) a n d (x i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
a s w e l l a s (j )(3) a n d (j )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
pr ior t o st a r t in g su ch wor k .
(7) T ra in in g p rogra m —(i ) N ew em p loy -
ees. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e v e l o p a n d i m -
plem en t a t r a in in g pr ogr a m , wh ich is
p a r t o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d
h e a l t h p r o g r a m , fo r e m p l o y e e s e x p o s e d
t o h e a l t h h a za r d s o r h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ces a t T S D oper a t ion s t o en a ble
t h e e m p l o y e e s t o p e r fo r m t h e i r a s -
s i g n e d d u t i e s a n d fu n c t i o n s i n a s a fe
a n d h e a l t h fu l m a n n e r s o a s n o t e n d a n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ger t h em selves or ot h er em ploy ees. T h e
385
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00395 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
i n i t i a l t r a i n i n g s h a l l b e fo r 24 h o u r s
a n d r e fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g s h a l l b e fo r e i g h t
h ou r s a n n u a lly . E m ploy ees wh o h a ve
r eceived t h e in it ia l t r a in in g r equ ir ed
by t h is pa r a gr a ph sh a ll be given a wr it -
t e n c e r t i fi c a t e a t t e s t i n g t h a t t h e y h a v e
s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d t h e n e c e s s a r y
t r a in in g.
(i i ) Cu rren t em p loy ees. E m p l o y e r s w h o
c a n s h o w b y a n e m p l o y e e ’s p r e v i o u s
w o r k e x p e r i e n c e a n d /o r t r a i n i n g t h a t
t h e em ploy ee h a s h a d t r a in in g equ iva -
len t t o t h e in it ia l t r a in in g r equ ir ed by
t h is pa r a gr a ph , sh a ll be con sider ed a s
m eet in g t h e in it ia l t r a in in g r equ ir e-
m en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph a s t o t h a t em -
ploy ee. E qu iva len t t r a in in g in clu des
t h e t r a in in g t h a t exist in g em ploy ees
m i g h t h a v e a l r e a d y r e c e i v e d fr o m a c -
t u a l s i t e w o r k e x p e r i e n c e . Cu r r e n t e m -
ploy ees sh a ll r eceive eigh t h ou r s of r e-
fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g a n n u a l l y .
(i i i ) T ra in ers. T r a i n e r s w h o t e a c h i n i -
t i a l t r a i n i n g s h a l l h a v e s a t i s fa c t o r i l y
c o m p l e t e d a t r a i n i n g c o u r s e fo r t e a c h -
in g t h e su bject s t h ey a r e expect ed t o
t ea ch or t h ey sh a ll h a ve t h e a ca dem ic
cr eden t ia ls a n d in st r u ct ion exper ien ce
n ecessa r y t o dem on st r a t e a good com -
m a n d of t h e su bject m a t t er of t h e
cou r ses a n d com pet en t in st r u ct ion a l
sk ills.
(8) E m ergen cy resp on se p rogra m —(i )
E m ergen cy resp on se p la n . A n e m e r g e n c y
r espon se pla n sh a ll be developed a n d
im plem en t ed by a ll em ploy er s. S u ch
pla n s n eed n ot du plica t e a n y of t h e
s u b j e c t s fu l l y a d d r e s s e d i n t h e e m p l o y -
e r ’s c o n t i n g e n c y p l a n n i n g r e q u i r e d b y
per m it s, su ch a s t h ose issu ed by t h e
U .S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n -
cy , pr ovided t h a t t h e con t in gen cy pla n
is m a de pa r t of t h e em er gen cy r espon se
pla n . T h e em er gen cy r espon se pla n
sh a ll be a wr it t en por t ion of t h e em -
p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m r e -
q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (p )(1) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion . E m ploy er s wh o will eva cu a t e
t h e i r e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e w o r k s i t e l o -
ca t ion wh en a n em er gen cy occu r s a n d
wh o do n ot per m it a n y of t h eir em ploy -
ees t o a ssist in h a n dlin g t h e em er gen cy
a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h (p )(8) i f t h e y p r o v i d e a n
em er gen cy a ct ion pla n com ply in g wit h
29 CF R 1910.38.
(i i ) E lem en t s of a n em ergen cy resp on se
p la n . T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e v e l o p a n
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n fo r e m e r -
gen cies wh ich sh a ll a ddr ess, a s a m in -
i m u m , t h e fo l l o w i n g a r e a s t o t h e e x -
t en t t h a t t h ey a r e n ot a ddr essed in a n y
s p e c i fi c p r o g r a m r e q u i r e d i n t h i s p a r a -
gr a ph :
(A ) P r e -e m e r g e n c y p l a n n i n g a n d c o -
or din a t ion wit h ou t side pa r t ies.
(B ) P e r s o n n e l r o l e s , l i n e s o f a u t h o r -
it y , a n d com m u n ica t ion .
(C) E m e r g e n c y r e c o g n i t i o n a n d p r e -
ven t ion .
(D ) S a fe d i s t a n c e s a n d p l a c e s o f r e f-
u ge.
(E ) S i t e s e c u r i t y a n d c o n t r o l .
(F ) E v a c u a t i o n r o u t e s a n d p r o c e -
du r es.
(G ) D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s .
(H ) E m e r g e n c y m e d i c a l t r e a t m e n t
a n d fi r s t a i d .
(I ) E m e r g e n c y a l e r t i n g a n d r e s p o n s e
pr ocedu r es.
(J ) Cr i t i q u e o f r e s p o n s e a n d fo l l o w -
u p.
(K ) P P E a n d e m e r g e n c y e q u i p m e n t .
(i i i ) T ra in in g. (A ) T r a i n i n g fo r e m e r -
gen cy r espon se em ploy ees sh a ll be
c o m p l e t e d b e fo r e t h e y a r e c a l l e d u p o n
t o p e r fo r m i n r e a l e m e r g e n c i e s . S u c h
t r a in in g sh a ll in clu de t h e elem en t s of
t h e em er gen cy r espon se pla n , st a n da r d
oper a t in g pr ocedu r es t h e em ploy er h a s
e s t a b l i s h e d fo r t h e j o b , t h e p e r s o n a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t t o be wor n a n d
p r o c e d u r e s fo r h a n d l i n g e m e r g e n c y i n -
ciden t s.
E x cep t ion # 1: A n e m p l o y e r n e e d n o t t r a i n
a l l e m p l o y e e s t o t h e d e g r e e s p e c i fi e d i f t h e
e m p l o y e r d i v i d e s t h e w o r k fo r c e i n a m a n n e r
s u c h t h a t a s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s
wh o h a ve r espon sibilit y t o con t r ol em er -
g e n c i e s h a v e t h e t r a i n i n g s p e c i fi e d , a n d a l l
o t h e r e m p l o y e e s , w h o m a y fi r s t r e s p o n d t o
a n e m e r g e n c y i n c i d e n t , h a v e s u ffi c i e n t
a w a r e n e s s t r a i n i n g t o r e c o g n i ze t h a t a n
em er gen cy r espon se sit u a t ion exist s a n d t h a t
t h ey a r e in st r u ct ed in t h a t ca se t o su m m on
t h e fu l l y t r a i n e d e m p l o y e e s a n d n o t a t t e m p t
c o n t r o l a c t i v i t i e s fo r w h i c h t h e y a r e n o t
t r a in ed.
E x cep t ion # 2: A n e m p l o y e r n e e d n o t t r a i n
a l l e m p l o y e e s t o t h e d e g r e e s p e c i fi e d i f a r -
r a n g e m e n t s h a v e b e e n m a d e i n a d v a n c e fo r
a n o u t s i d e fu l l y -t r a i n e d e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e
t ea m t o r espon d in a r ea son a ble per iod a n d
a ll em ploy ees, wh o m a y com e t o t h e in ciden t
fi r s t , h a v e s u ffi c i e n t a w a r e n e s s t r a i n i n g t o
r e c o g n i ze t h a t a n e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e s i t u a -
t ion exist s a n d t h ey h a ve been in st r u ct ed t o
c a l l t h e d e s i g n a t e d o u t s i d e fu l l y -t r a i n e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e t e a m fo r a s s i s t a n c e .
386
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00396 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(B ) E m p l o y e e m e m b e r s o f T S D fa c i l -
i t y e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s
sh a ll be t r a in ed t o a level of com -
pet en ce in t h e r ecogn it ion of h ea lt h
a n d s a fe t y h a za r d s t o p r o t e c t t h e m -
selves a n d ot h er em ploy ees. T h is wou ld
in clu de t r a in in g in t h e m et h ods u sed t o
m i n i m i ze t h e r i s k fr o m s a fe t y a n d
h e a l t h h a za r d s ; i n t h e s a fe u s e o f c o n -
t r ol equ ipm en t ; in t h e select ion a n d
u se of a ppr opr ia t e per son a l pr ot ect ive
e q u i p m e n t ; i n t h e s a fe o p e r a t i n g p r o c e -
du r es t o be u sed a t t h e in ciden t scen e;
in t h e t ech n iqu es of coor din a t ion wit h
o t h e r e m p l o y e e s t o m i n i m i ze r i s k s ; i n
t h e a ppr opr ia t e r espon se t o over expo-
s u r e fr o m h e a l t h h a za r d s o r i n j u r y t o
t h em selves a n d ot h er em ploy ees; a n d
in t h e r ecogn it ion of su bsequ en t sy m p-
t o m s w h i c h m a y r e s u l t fr o m o v e r e x p o -
su r es.
(C) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t
ea ch cover ed em ploy ee h a s a t t en ded
a n d s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d t h e t r a i n -
i n g r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (p )(8)(i i i ) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n , o r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h e e m -
p l o y e e ’s c o m p e t e n c y a t l e a s t y e a r l y .
T h e m et h od u sed t o dem on st r a t e com -
p e t e n c y fo r c e r t i fi c a t i o n o f t r a i n i n g
sh a ll be r ecor ded a n d m a in t a in ed by
t h e em ploy er .
(i v ) P roced u res f or h a n d lin g em ergen cy
in cid en t s. (A ) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e e l e -
m e n t s fo r t h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (p )(8)(i i ) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n , t h e fo l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s s h a l l b e
i n c l u d e d fo r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n s
t o t h e ext en t t h a t t h ey do n ot r epea t
a n y i n fo r m a t i o n a l r e a d y c o n t a i n e d i n
t h e em er gen cy r espon se pla n :
(1) S i t e t o p o g r a p h y , l a y o u t , a n d p r e -
va ilin g wea t h er con dit ion s.
(2) P r o c e d u r e s fo r r e p o r t i n g i n c i d e n t s
t o l o c a l , s t a t e , a n d fe d e r a l g o v e r n -
m en t a l a gen cies.
(B ) T h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be com pa t ible a n d in t egr a t ed
w i t h t h e d i s a s t e r , fi r e a n d /o r e m e r -
gen cy r espon se pla n s of loca l, st a t e,
a n d fe d e r a l a g e n c i e s .
(C) T h e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be r eh ea r sed r egu la r ly a s pa r t of
t h e o v e r a l l t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m fo r s i t e
oper a t ion s.
(D ) T h e s i t e e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n
sh a ll be r eviewed per iodica lly a n d, a s
n ecessa r y , be a m en ded t o k eep it cu r -
r en t wit h n ew or ch a n gin g sit e con di-
t i o n s o r i n fo r m a t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(E ) A n e m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m s h a l l
b e i n s t a l l e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h 29 CF R
1910.165 t o n o t i fy e m p l o y e e s o f a n e m e r -
gen cy sit u a t ion ; t o st op wor k a ct ivit ies
if n ecessa r y ; t o lower ba ck gr ou n d n oise
in or der t o speed com m u n ica t ion ; a n d
t o begin em er gen cy pr ocedu r es.
(F ) B a s e d u p o n t h e i n fo r m a t i o n a v a i l -
a ble a t t im e of t h e em er gen cy , t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll eva lu a t e t h e in ciden t a n d
t h e sit e r espon se ca pa bilit ies a n d pr o-
ceed wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e st eps t o im -
plem en t t h e sit e em er gen cy r espon se
pla n .
(q ) E m ergen cy resp on se t o h a z a rd ou s
su bst a n ce relea ses. T h i s p a r a g r a p h c o v -
er s em ploy er s wh ose em ploy ees a r e en -
ga ged in em er gen cy r espon se n o m a t t er
wh er e it occu r s except t h a t it does n ot
cover em ploy ees en ga ged in oper a t ion s
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (a )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h
(a )(1)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h o s e e m e r -
g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s w h o h a v e
developed a n d im plem en t ed pr ogr a m s
e q u i v a l e n t t o t h i s p a r a g r a p h fo r h a n -
d l i n g r e l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s
p u r s u a n t t o s e c t i o n 303 o f t h e S u p e r -
fu n d A m e n d m e n t s a n d R e a u t h o r i za t i o n
A c t o f 1986 (E m e r g e n c y P l a n n i n g a n d
Co m m u n i t y R i g h t -t o -K n o w A c t o f 1986,
42 U .S .C. 11003) s h a l l b e d e e m e d t o h a v e
m et t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is pa r a -
gr a ph .
(1) E m ergen cy resp on se p la n . A n e m e r -
gen cy r espon se pla n sh a ll be developed
a n d im plem en t ed t o h a n dle a n t icipa t ed
em er gen cies pr ior t o t h e com m en ce-
m en t of em er gen cy r espon se oper -
a t ion s. T h e pla n sh a ll be in wr it in g a n d
a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n a n d c o p y i n g b y
em ploy ees, t h eir r epr esen t a t ives a n d
OS H A p e r s o n n e l . E m p l o y e r s w h o w i l l
e v a c u a t e t h e i r e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e
da n ger a r ea wh en a n em er gen cy occu r s,
a n d wh o do n ot per m it a n y of t h eir em -
ploy ees t o a ssist in h a n dlin g t h e em er -
g e n c y , a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph if t h ey pr ovide
a n em er gen cy a ct ion pla n in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h 29 CF R 1910.38.
(2) E lem en t s of a n em ergen cy resp on se
p la n . T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e v e l o p a n
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n fo r e m e r -
gen cies wh ich sh a ll a ddr ess, a s a m in -
i m u m , t h e fo l l o w i n g t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t
t h ey a r e n ot a ddr essed elsewh er e:
(i ) P r e -e m e r g e n c y p l a n n i n g a n d c o -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
or din a t ion wit h ou t side pa r t ies.
387
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00397 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
(i i ) P e r s o n n e l r o l e s , l i n e s o f a u t h o r -
it y , t r a in in g, a n d com m u n ica t ion .
(i i i ) E m e r g e n c y r e c o g n i t i o n a n d p r e -
ven t ion .
(i v ) S a fe d i s t a n c e s a n d p l a c e s o f r e f-
u ge.
(v ) S i t e s e c u r i t y a n d c o n t r o l .
(v i ) E v a c u a t i o n r o u t e s a n d p r o c e -
du r es.
(v i i ) D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n .
(v i i i ) E m e r g e n c y m e d i c a l t r e a t m e n t
a n d fi r s t a i d .
(i x ) E m e r g e n c y a l e r t i n g a n d r e s p o n s e
pr ocedu r es.
(x ) Cr i t i q u e o f r e s p o n s e a n d fo l l o w -
u p.
(x i ) P P E a n d e m e r g e n c y e q u i p m e n t .
(x i i ) E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za -
t ion s m a y u se t h e loca l em er gen cy r e-
spon se pla n or t h e st a t e em er gen cy r e-
spon se pla n or bot h , a s pa r t of t h eir
em er gen cy r espon se pla n t o a void du -
plica t ion . T h ose it em s of t h e em er -
gen cy r espon se pla n t h a t a r e bein g
pr oper ly a ddr essed by t h e S AR A T it le
III pla n s m a y be su bst it u t ed in t o t h eir
em er gen cy pla n or ot h er wise k ept t o-
g e t h e r fo r t h e e m p l o y e r a n d e m p l o y e e ’s
u se.
(3) P roced u res f or h a n d lin g em ergen cy
resp on se. (i ) T h e s e n i o r e m e r g e n c y r e -
s p o n s e o ffi c i a l r e s p o n d i n g t o a n e m e r -
gen cy sh a ll becom e t h e in dividu a l in
c h a r g e o f a s i t e -s p e c i fi c I n c i d e n t Co m -
m a n d S y s t e m (I CS ). A l l e m e r g e n c y r e -
spon der s a n d t h eir com m u n ica t ion s
sh a ll be coor din a t ed a n d con t r olled
t h r ou gh t h e in dividu a l in ch a r ge of t h e
I CS a s s i s t e d b y t h e s e n i o r o ffi c i a l
p r e s e n t fo r e a c h e m p l o y e r .
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (q )(3)(i ). T h e ‘‘s e n i o r
o ffi c i a l ’’ a t a n e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e i s t h e
m o s t s e n i o r o ffi c i a l o n t h e s i t e w h o h a s t h e
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y fo r c o n t r o l l i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n s
a t t h e s i t e . I n i t i a l l y i t i s t h e s e n i o r o ffi c e r
o n t h e fi r s t -d u e p i e c e o f r e s p o n d i n g e m e r -
gen cy a ppa r a t u s t o a r r ive on t h e in ciden t
s c e n e . A s m o r e s e n i o r o ffi c e r s a r r i v e (i .e .,
b a t t a l i o n c h i e f, fi r e c h i e f, s t a t e l a w e n fo r c e -
m e n t o ffi c i a l , s i t e c o o r d i n a t o r , e t c .) t h e p o s i -
t ion is pa ssed u p t h e lin e of a u t h or it y wh ich
h a s been pr eviou sly est a blish ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
(i i ) T h e i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e
I CS s h a l l i d e n t i fy , t o t h e e x t e n t p o s -
s i b l e , a l l h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s o r c o n -
dit ion s pr esen t a n d sh a ll a ddr ess a s a p-
pr opr ia t e sit e a n a ly sis, u se of en gin eer -
in g con t r ols, m a xim u m exposu r e lim -
i t s , h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e h a n d l i n g p r o -
cedu r es, a n d u se of a n y n ew t ech -
n ologies.
(i i i ) B a s e d o n t h e h a za r d o u s s u b -
s t a n c e s a n d /o r c o n d i t i o n s p r e s e n t , t h e
i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e I CS s h a l l
im plem en t a ppr opr ia t e em er gen cy op-
er a t ion s, a n d a ssu r e t h a t t h e per son a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t wor n is a ppr o-
p r i a t e fo r t h e h a za r d s t o b e e n c o u n -
t er ed. However , per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t sh a ll m eet , a t a m in im u m ,
t h e c r i t e r i a c o n t a i n e d i n 29 CF R
1910.156(e ) w h e n w o r n w h i l e p e r fo r m i n g
fi r e fi g h t i n g o p e r a t i o n s b e y o n d t h e i n -
c i p i e n t s t a g e fo r a n y i n c i d e n t .
(i v ) E m p l o y e e s e n g a g e d i n e m e r g e n c y
r e s p o n s e a n d e x p o s e d t o h a za r d o u s s u b -
s t a n c e s p r e s e n t i n g a n i n h a l a t i o n h a z-
a r d o r p o t e n t i a l i n h a l a t i o n h a za r d s h a l l
w e a r p o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d
br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s wh ile en ga ged in
em er gen cy r espon se, u n t il su ch t im e
t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e I CS
det er m in es t h r ou gh t h e u se of a ir m on -
it or in g t h a t a decr ea sed level of r es-
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion will n ot r esu lt in
h a za r d o u s e x p o s u r e s t o e m p l o y e e s .
(v ) T h e i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e
I CS s h a l l l i m i t t h e n u m b e r o f e m e r -
gen cy r espon se per son n el a t t h e em er -
gen cy sit e, in t h ose a r ea s of pot en t ia l
or a ct u a l exposu r e t o in ciden t or sit e
h a za r d s , t o t h o s e w h o a r e a c t i v e l y p e r -
fo r m i n g e m e r g e n c y o p e r a t i o n s . H o w -
e v e r , o p e r a t i o n s i n h a za r d o u s a r e a s
s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d u s i n g t h e b u d d y s y s -
t em in gr ou ps of t wo or m or e.
(v i ) B a c k -u p p e r s o n n e l s h a l l s t a n d b y
wit h equ ipm en t r ea dy t o pr ovide a s-
s i s t a n c e o r r e s c u e . A d v a n c e fi r s t a i d
su ppor t per son n el, a s a m in im u m , sh a ll
a lso st a n d by wit h m edica l equ ipm en t
a n d t r a n spor t a t ion ca pa bilit y .
(v i i ) T h e i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e
I CS s h a l l d e s i g n a t e a s a fe t y o ffi c i a l ,
wh o is k n owledga ble in t h e oper a t ion s
bein g im plem en t ed a t t h e em er gen cy
r e s p o n s e s i t e , w i t h s p e c i fi c r e s p o n s i -
b i l i t y t o i d e n t i fy a n d e v a l u a t e h a za r d s
a n d t o pr ovide dir ect ion wit h r espect
t o t h e s a fe t y o f o p e r a t i o n s fo r t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
em er gen cy a t h a n d.
388
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00398 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(v i i i ) Wh e n a c t i v i t i e s a r e j u d g e d b y
t h e s a fe t y o ffi c i a l t o b e a n I D L H c o n d i -
t i o n a n d /o r t o i n v o l v e a n i m m i n e n t
d a n g e r c o n d i t i o n , t h e s a fe t y o ffi c i a l
sh a ll h a ve t h e a u t h or it y t o a lt er , su s-
pen d, or t er m in a t e t h ose a ct ivit ies.
T h e s a fe t y o ffi c i a l s h a l l i m m e d i a t e l y
i n fo r m t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e
I CS o f a n y a c t i o n s n e e d e d t o b e t a k e n
t o c o r r e c t t h e s e h a za r d s a t t h e e m e r -
gen cy scen e.
(i x ) A ft e r e m e r g e n c y o p e r a t i o n s h a v e
t er m in a t ed, t h e in dividu a l in ch a r ge of
t h e I CS s h a l l i m p l e m e n t a p p r o p r i a t e
decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es.
(x ) Wh e n d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y fo r m e e t -
i n g t h e t a s k s a t h a n d , a p p r o v e d s e l f-
con t a in ed com pr essed a ir br ea t h in g a p-
pa r a t u s m a y be u sed wit h a ppr oved cy l-
i n d e r s fr o m o t h e r a p p r o v e d s e l f-c o n -
t a in ed com pr essed a ir br ea t h in g a ppa -
r a t u s pr ovided t h a t su ch cy lin der s a r e
of t h e sa m e ca pa cit y a n d pr essu r e r a t -
in g. All com pr essed a ir cy lin der s u sed
w i t h s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a -
r a t u s s h a l l m e e t U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
T r a n spor t a t ion a n d Na t ion a l In st it u t e
fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h c r i -
t er ia .
(4) S k illed su p p ort p erson n el. P e r -
s o n n e l , n o t n e c e s s a r i l y a n e m p l o y e r ’s
own em ploy ees, wh o a r e sk illed in t h e
oper a t ion of cer t a in equ ipm en t , su ch a s
m e c h a n i ze d e a r t h m o v i n g o r d i g g i n g
equ ipm en t or cr a n e a n d h oist in g equ ip-
m en t , a n d wh o a r e n eeded t em por a r ily
t o p e r fo r m i m m e d i a t e e m e r g e n c y s u p -
por t wor k t h a t ca n n ot r ea son a bly be
p e r fo r m e d i n a t i m e l y fa s h i o n b y a n
e m p l o y e r ’s o w n e m p l o y e e s , a n d w h o
w i l l b e o r m a y b e e x p o s e d t o t h e h a z-
a r ds a t a n em er gen cy r espon se scen e,
a r e n ot r equ ir ed t o m eet t h e t r a in in g
r e q u i r e d i n t h i s p a r a g r a p h fo r t h e e m -
p l o y e r ’s r e g u l a r e m p l o y e e s . H o w e v e r ,
t h ese per son n el sh a ll be given a n in i-
t i a l b r i e fi n g a t t h e s i t e p r i o r t o t h e i r
pa r t icipa t ion in a n y em er gen cy r e-
s p o n s e . T h e i n i t i a l b r i e fi n g s h a l l i n -
clu de in st r u ct ion in t h e wea r in g of a p-
pr opr ia t e per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ip-
m e n t , w h a t c h e m i c a l h a za r d s a r e i n -
volved, a n d wh a t du t ies a r e t o be per -
fo r m e d . A l l o t h e r a p p r o p r i a t e s a fe t y
a n d h ea lt h pr eca u t ion s pr ovided t o t h e
e m p l o y e r ’s o w n e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e
u s e d t o a s s u r e t h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h o f
t h ese per son n el.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(5) S p ecia list em p loy ees. E m p l o y e e s
wh o, in t h e cou r se of t h eir r egu la r job
du t ies, wor k wit h a n d a r e t r a in ed in
t h e h a za r d s o f s p e c i fi c h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ces, a n d wh o will be ca lled u pon t o
pr ovide t ech n ica l a dvice or a ssist a n ce
a t a h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e r e l e a s e i n c i -
den t t o t h e in dividu a l in ch a r ge, sh a ll
r eceive t r a in in g or dem on st r a t e com -
p e t e n c y i n t h e a r e a o f t h e i r s p e c i a l i za -
t ion a n n u a lly .
(6) T ra in in g. T r a i n i n g s h a l l b e b a s e d
o n t h e d u t i e s a n d fu n c t i o n t o b e p e r -
fo r m e d b y e a c h r e s p o n d e r o f a n e m e r -
g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n . T h e s k i l l
a n d k n o w l e d g e l e v e l s r e q u i r e d fo r a l l
n e w r e s p o n d e r s , t h o s e h i r e d a ft e r t h e
e ffe c t i v e d a t e o f t h i s s t a n d a r d , s h a l l b e
con vey ed t o t h em t h r ou gh t r a in in g be-
fo r e t h e y a r e p e r m i t t e d t o t a k e p a r t i n
a ct u a l em er gen cy oper a t ion s on a n in -
ciden t . E m ploy ees wh o pa r t icipa t e, or
a r e expect ed t o pa r t icipa t e, in em er -
gen cy r espon se, sh a ll be given t r a in in g
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g p a r a -
gr a ph s:
(i ) F irst resp on d er a w a ren ess lev el.
F ir st r espon der s a t t h e a wa r en ess level
a r e in dividu a ls wh o a r e lik ely t o wit -
n e s s o r d i s c o v e r a h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e
r elea se a n d wh o h a ve been t r a in ed t o
in it ia t e a n em er gen cy r espon se se-
q u e n c e b y n o t i fy i n g t h e p r o p e r a u t h o r i -
t ies of t h e r elea se. T h ey wou ld t a k e n o
fu r t h e r a c t i o n b e y o n d n o t i fy i n g t h e a u -
t h or it ies of t h e r elea se. F ir st r espon d-
er s a t t h e a wa r en ess level sh a ll h a ve
s u ffi c i e n t t r a i n i n g o r h a v e h a d s u ffi -
cien t exper ien ce t o object ively dem -
o n s t r a t e c o m p e t e n c y i n t h e fo l l o w i n g
a r ea s:
(A ) A n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f w h a t h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces a r e, a n d t h e r isk s a s-
socia t ed wit h t h em in a n in ciden t .
(B ) A n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e p o t e n t i a l
ou t com es a ssocia t ed wit h a n em er -
g e n c y c r e a t e d w h e n h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ces a r e pr esen t .
(C) T h e a b i l i t y t o r e c o g n i ze t h e p r e s -
e n c e o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s i n a n
em er gen cy .
(D ) T h e a b i l i t y t o i d e n t i fy t h e h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces, if possible.
(E ) A n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e r o l e o f
t h e fi r s t r e s p o n d e r a w a r e n e s s i n d i -
v i d u a l i n t h e e m p l o y e r ’s e m e r g e n c y r e -
spon se pla n in clu din g sit e secu r it y a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
c o n t r o l a n d t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f
389
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00399 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ’s E m e r g e n c y R e s p o n s e
Gu idebook .
(F ) T h e a b i l i t y t o r e a l i ze t h e n e e d fo r
a ddit ion a l r esou r ces, a n d t o m a k e a p-
p r o p r i a t e n o t i fi c a t i o n s t o t h e c o m m u -
n ica t ion cen t er .
(i i ) F irst resp on d er op era t ion s lev el.
F ir st r espon der s a t t h e oper a t ion s level
a r e in dividu a ls wh o r espon d t o r elea ses
o r p o t e n t i a l r e l e a s e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ces a s pa r t of t h e in it ia l r espon se
t o t h e s i t e fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f p r o t e c t i n g
n ea r by per son s, pr oper t y , or t h e en vi-
r o n m e n t fr o m t h e e ffe c t s o f t h e r e -
lea se. T h ey a r e t r a in ed t o r espon d in a
d e fe n s i v e fa s h i o n w i t h o u t a c t u a l l y t r y -
i n g t o s t o p t h e r e l e a s e . T h e i r fu n c t i o n
i s t o c o n t a i n t h e r e l e a s e fr o m a s a fe
d i s t a n c e , k e e p i t fr o m s p r e a d i n g , a n d
pr even t exposu r es. F ir st r espon der s a t
t h e oper a t ion a l level sh a ll h a ve r e-
ceived a t lea st eigh t h ou r s of t r a in in g
o r h a v e h a d s u ffi c i e n t e x p e r i e n c e t o o b -
ject ively dem on st r a t e com pet en cy in
t h e fo l l o w i n g a r e a s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e
l i s t e d fo r t h e a w a r e n e s s l e v e l a n d t h e
e m p l o y e r s h a l l s o c e r t i fy :
(A ) K n o w l e d g e o f t h e b a s i c h a za r d
a n d r isk a ssessm en t t ech n iqu es.
(B ) K n o w h o w t o s e l e c t a n d u s e p r o p -
er per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t pr o-
v i d e d t o t h e fi r s t r e s p o n d e r o p e r a t i o n a l
level.
(C) A n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f b a s i c h a z-
a r dou s m a t er ia ls t er m s.
(D ) K n o w h o w t o p e r fo r m b a s i c c o n -
t r o l , c o n t a i n m e n t a n d /o r c o n fi n e m e n t
oper a t ion s wit h in t h e ca pa bilit ies of
t h e r esou r ces a n d per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t a va ila ble wit h t h eir u n it .
(E ) K n o w h o w t o i m p l e m e n t b a s i c d e -
con t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es.
(F ) A n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e r e l e v a n t
st a n da r d oper a t in g pr ocedu r es a n d t er -
m in a t ion pr ocedu r es.
(i i i ) H a z a rd ou s m a t eria ls t ech n icia n .
H a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s t e c h n i c i a n s a r e
in dividu a ls wh o r espon d t o r elea ses or
p o t e n t i a l r e l e a s e s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f
st oppin g t h e r elea se. T h ey a ssu m e a
m o r e a g g r e s s i v e r o l e t h a n a fi r s t r e -
spon der a t t h e oper a t ion s level in t h a t
t h ey will a ppr oa ch t h e poin t of r elea se
in or der t o plu g, pa t ch or ot h er wise
s t o p t h e r e l e a s e o f a h a za r d o u s s u b -
s t a n c e . H a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s t e c h n i -
c i a n s s h a l l h a v e r e c e i v e d a t l e a s t 24
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
h o u r s o f t r a i n i n g e q u a l t o t h e fi r s t r e -
spon der oper a t ion s level a n d in a ddi-
t i o n h a v e c o m p e t e n c y i n t h e fo l l o w i n g
a r e a s a n d t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l s o c e r t i fy :
(A ) K n o w h o w t o i m p l e m e n t t h e e m -
p l o y e r ’s e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n .
(B ) K n o w t h e c l a s s i fi c a t i o n , i d e n t i -
fi c a t i o n a n d v e r i fi c a t i o n o f k n o w n a n d
u n k n o w n m a t e r i a l s b y u s i n g fi e l d s u r -
vey in st r u m en t s a n d equ ipm en t .
(C) B e a b l e t o fu n c t i o n w i t h i n a n a s -
s i g n e d r o l e i n t h e I n c i d e n t Co m m a n d
S y st em .
(D ) K n o w h o w t o s e l e c t a n d u s e p r o p -
e r s p e c i a l i ze d c h e m i c a l p e r s o n a l p r o -
t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t p r o v i d e d t o t h e h a z-
a r dou s m a t er ia ls t ech n icia n .
(E ) U n d e r s t a n d h a za r d a n d r i s k a s -
sessm en t t ech n iqu es.
(F ) B e a b l e t o p e r fo r m a d v a n c e c o n -
t r o l , c o n t a i n m e n t , a n d /o r c o n fi n e m e n t
oper a t ion s wit h in t h e ca pa bilit ies of
t h e r esou r ces a n d per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t a va ila ble wit h t h e u n it .
(G ) U n d e r s t a n d a n d i m p l e m e n t d e -
con t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es.
(H ) U n d e r s t a n d t e r m i n a t i o n p r o c e -
du r es.
(I ) U n d e r s t a n d b a s i c c h e m i c a l a n d
t oxicologica l t er m in ology a n d beh a v-
ior .
(i v ) H a z a rd ou s m a t eria ls sp ecia list .
H a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s s p e c i a l i s t s a r e i n -
dividu a ls wh o r espon d wit h a n d pr ovide
s u p p o r t t o h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s t e c h n i -
cia n s. T h eir du t ies pa r a llel t h ose of t h e
h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s t e c h n i c i a n , h o w -
ever , t h ose du t ies r equ ir e a m or e di-
r e c t e d o r s p e c i fi c k n o w l e d g e o f t h e v a r -
iou s su bst a n ces t h ey m a y be ca lled
u p o n t o c o n t a i n . T h e h a za r d o u s m a t e -
r ia ls specia list wou ld a lso a ct a s t h e
sit e lia ison wit h F eder a l, st a t e, loca l
a n d ot h er gover n m en t a u t h or it ies in
r e g a r d s t o s i t e a c t i v i t i e s . H a za r d o u s
m a t er ia ls specia list s sh a ll h a ve r e-
c e i v e d a t l e a s t 24 h o u r s o f t r a i n i n g
equ a l t o t h e t ech n icia n level a n d in a d-
d i t i o n h a v e c o m p e t e n c y i n t h e fo l -
lowin g a r ea s a n d t h e em ploy er sh a ll so
c e r t i fy :
(A ) K n o w h o w t o i m p l e m e n t t h e l o c a l
em er gen cy r espon se pla n .
(B ) U n d e r s t a n d c l a s s i fi c a t i o n , i d e n t i -
fi c a t i o n a n d v e r i fi c a t i o n o f k n o w n a n d
u n k n own m a t er ia ls by u sin g a dva n ced
su r vey in st r u m en t s a n d equ ipm en t .
(C) K n o w o f t h e s t a t e e m e r g e n c y r e -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
spon se pla n .
390
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00400 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(D ) B e a b l e t o s e l e c t a n d u s e p r o p e r
s p e c i a l i ze d c h e m i c a l p e r s o n a l p r o t e c -
t i v e e q u i p m e n t p r o v i d e d t o t h e h a z-
a r dou s m a t er ia ls specia list .
(E ) U n d e r s t a n d i n -d e p t h h a za r d a n d
r isk t ech n iqu es.
(F ) B e a b l e t o p e r fo r m s p e c i a l i ze d
c o n t r o l , c o n t a i n m e n t , a n d /o r c o n fi n e -
m en t oper a t ion s wit h in t h e ca pa bili-
t ies of t h e r esou r ces a n d per son a l pr o-
t ect ive equ ipm en t a va ila ble.
(G ) B e a b l e t o d e t e r m i n e a n d i m p l e -
m en t decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es.
(H ) H a v e t h e a b i l i t y t o d e v e l o p a s i t e
s a fe t y a n d c o n t r o l p l a n .
(I ) U n d e r s t a n d c h e m i c a l , r a d i o l o g i c a l
a n d t oxicologica l t er m in ology a n d be-
h a vior .
(v ) O n scen e in cid en t com m a n d er. I n c i -
den t com m a n der s, wh o will a ssu m e
con t r ol of t h e in ciden t scen e bey on d
t h e fi r s t r e s p o n d e r a w a r e n e s s l e v e l ,
s h a l l r e c e i v e a t l e a s t 24 h o u r s o f t r a i n -
i n g e q u a l t o t h e fi r s t r e s p o n d e r o p e r -
a t ion s level a n d in a ddit ion h a ve com -
p e t e n c y i n t h e fo l l o w i n g a r e a s a n d t h e
e m p l o y e r s h a l l s o c e r t i fy :
(A ) K n o w a n d b e a b l e t o i m p l e m e n t
t h e e m p l o y e r ’s i n c i d e n t c o m m a n d s y s -
t em .
(B ) K n o w h o w t o i m p l e m e n t t h e e m -
p l o y e r ’s e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n .
(C) K n o w a n d u n d e r s t a n d t h e h a za r d s
a n d r isk s a ssocia t ed wit h em ploy ees
wor k in g in ch em ica l pr ot ect ive clot h -
in g.
(D ) K n o w h o w t o i m p l e m e n t t h e l o c a l
em er gen cy r espon se pla n .
(E ) K n o w o f t h e s t a t e e m e r g e n c y r e -
spon se pla n a n d of t h e F eder a l R e-
gion a l R espon se T ea m .
(F ) K n o w a n d u n d e r s t a n d t h e i m p o r -
t a n ce of decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es.
(7) T ra in ers. T r a i n e r s w h o t e a c h a n y
of t h e a bove t r a in in g su bject s sh a ll
h a v e s a t i s fa c t o r i l y c o m p l e t e d a t r a i n -
i n g c o u r s e fo r t e a c h i n g t h e s u b j e c t s
t h ey a r e expect ed t o t ea ch , su ch a s t h e
c o u r s e s o ffe r e d b y t h e U .S . N a t i o n a l
F ir e Aca dem y , or t h ey sh a ll h a ve t h e
t r a i n i n g a n d /o r a c a d e m i c c r e d e n t i a l s
a n d in st r u ct ion a l exper ien ce n ecessa r y
t o dem on st r a t e com pet en t in st r u c-
t ion a l sk ills a n d a good com m a n d of
t h e su bject m a t t er of t h e cou r ses t h ey
a r e t o t ea ch .
(8) R ef resh er t ra in in g. (i ) T h o s e e m -
ploy ees wh o a r e t r a in ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (q )(6) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
s h a l l r e c e i v e a n n u a l r e fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g
o f s u ffi c i e n t c o n t e n t a n d d u r a t i o n t o
m a in t a in t h eir com pet en cies, or sh a ll
dem on st r a t e com pet en cy in t h ose a r ea s
a t lea st y ea r ly .
(i i ) A s t a t e m e n t s h a l l b e m a d e o f t h e
t r a in in g or com pet en cy , a n d if a st a t e-
m en t of com pet en cy is m a de, t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll k eep a r ecor d of t h e m et h -
odology u sed t o dem on st r a t e com -
pet en cy .
(9) M ed ica l su rv eilla n ce a n d con su lt a -
t ion . (i ) M e m b e r s o f a n o r g a n i ze d a n d
d e s i g n a t e d H A Z M A T t e a m a n d h a z-
a r dou s m a t er ia ls specia list s sh a ll r e-
ceive a ba selin e ph y sica l exa m in a t ion
a n d be pr ovided wit h m edica l su r veil-
l a n c e a s r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (f) o f
t h is sect ion .
(i i ) A n y e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e e m p l o y -
ees wh o exh ibit s sign s or sy m pt om s
w h i c h m a y h a v e r e s u l t e d fr o m e x p o s u r e
t o h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s d u r i n g t h e
cou r se of a n em er gen cy in ciden t , eit h er
im m edia t ely or su bsequ en t ly , sh a ll be
pr ovided wit h m edica l con su lt a t ion a s
r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (f)(3)(i i ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(10) Ch em ica l p rot ect iv e clot h in g.
Ch e m i c a l pr ot ect ive clot h in g and
e q u i p m e n t t o b e u s e d b y o r g a n i ze d a n d
design a t ed HAZMAT t ea m m em ber s, or
t o b e u s e d b y h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s s p e -
cia list s, sh a ll m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h s (g ) (3) t h r o u g h (5) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(11) P ost -em ergen cy resp on se op er-
a t ion s. U p o n c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e e m e r -
gen cy r espon se, if it is det er m in ed t h a t
i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o r e m o v e h a za r d o u s
s u b s t a n c e s , h e a l t h h a za r d s , a n d m a t e -
r i a l s c o n t a m i n a t e d w i t h t h e m (s u c h a s
con t a m in a t ed soil or ot h er elem en t s of
t h e n a t u r a l e n v i r o n m e n t ) fr o m t h e s i t e
of t h e in ciden t , t h e em ploy er con -
d u c t i n g t h e c l e a n -u p s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h
o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) M e e t a l l o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h s (b ) t h r o u g h (o ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion ; or
(i i ) Wh e r e t h e c l e a n -u p i s d o n e o n
pla n t pr oper t y u sin g pla n t or wor k -
pla ce em ploy ees, su ch em ploy ees sh a ll
h a ve com plet ed t h e t r a in in g r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f t h e fo l l o w i n g : 29 CF R 1910.38,
1910.134, 1910.1200, a n d o t h e r a p p r o -
p r i a t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h t r a i n i n g m a d e
n ecessa r y by t h e t a sk s t h ey a r e ex-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p e c t e d t o p e r fo r m s u c h a s p e r s o n a l p r o -
391
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00401 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
t ect ive equ ipm en t a n d decon t a m in a -
t ion pr ocedu r es. All equ ipm en t t o be
u s e d i n t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e c l e a n -u p
wor k sh a ll be in ser vicea ble con dit ion
a n d sh a ll h a ve been in spect ed pr ior t o
u se.
A P P E N D I CE S T O § 1910.120—H A Z A R D OU S W A S T E
O P E R A T I ON S A N D E M E R G E N CY R E S P ON S E
N OT E : T h e fo l l o w i n g a p p e n d i c e s s e r v e a s
n o n -m a n d a t o r y g u i d e l i n e s t o a s s i s t e m p l o y -
ees a n d em ploy er s in com ply in g wit h t h e a p-
pr opr ia t e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion . How-
e v e r p a r a g r a p h 1910.120(g ) m a k e s m a n d a t o r y
in cer t a in cir cu m st a n ces t h e u se of L evel A
a n d L evel B P P E pr ot ect ion .
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.120—P E R S ON A L
P R OT E CT I V E E QU I P M E N T T E S T M E T H OD S
T h i s a p p e n d i x s e t s fo r t h t h e n o n -m a n d a -
t or y exa m ples of t est s wh ich m a y be u sed t o
e v a l u a t e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h § 1910.120 (g )(4) (i i )
a n d (i i i ). Ot h e r t e s t s a n d o t h e r c h a l l e n g e
a gen t s m a y be u sed t o eva lu a t e com plia n ce.
A . T ot a lly -en ca p su la t in g ch em ica l p rot ect iv e
su it p ressu re t est
1.0—S c o p e
1.1 T h i s p r a c t i c e m e a s u r e s t h e a b i l i t y o f a
g a s t i g h t t o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g c h e m i c a l
pr ot ect ive su it m a t er ia l, sea m s, a n d closu r es
t o m a i n t a i n a fi x e d p o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e . T h e r e -
su lt s of t h is pr a ct ice a llow t h e ga s t igh t in -
t e g r i t y o f a t o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g c h e m i c a l
pr ot ect ive su it t o be eva lu a t ed.
1.2 R e s i s t a n c e o f t h e s u i t m a t e r i a l s t o
per m ea t ion , pen et r a t ion , a n d degr a da t ion by
s p e c i fi c h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s i s n o t d e t e r -
m in ed by t h is t est m et h od.
2.0—D e fi n i t i o n o f t e r m s
2.1 T ot a lly -en ca p su la t ed ch em ica l p rot ect iv e
su it (T E CP su it ) m e a n s a fu l l b o d y g a r m e n t
wh ich is con st r u ct ed of pr ot ect ive clot h in g
m a t e r i a l s ; c o v e r s t h e w e a r e r ’s t o r s o , h e a d ,
a r m s, legs a n d r espir a t or ; m a y cover t h e
w e a r e r ’s h a n d s a n d fe e t w i t h t i g h t l y a t -
t a ch ed gloves a n d boot s; com plet ely en closes
t h e wea r er a n d r espir a t or by it self or in com -
b i n a t i o n w i t h t h e w e a r e r ’s g l o v e s a n d b o o t s .
2.2 P rot ect iv e clot h in g m a t eria l m e a n s a n y
m a t er ia l or com bin a t ion of m a t er ia ls u sed in
a n i t e m o f c l o t h i n g fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f i s o -
l a t i n g p a r t s o f t h e b o d y fr o m d i r e c t c o n t a c t
w i t h a p o t e n t i a l l y h a za r d o u s l i q u i d o r g a s -
eou s ch em ica ls.
2.3 Ga s t igh t m e a n s , fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s
t e s t m e t h o d , t h e l i m i t e d fl o w o f a g a s u n d e r
p r e s s u r e fr o m t h e i n s i d e o f a T E CP s u i t t o
a t m osph er e a t a pr escr ibed pr essu r e a n d
t im e in t er va l.
3.0—S u m m a r y o f t e s t m e t h o d
3.1 T h e T E CP s u i t i s v i s u a l l y i n s p e c t e d a n d
m o d i fi e d fo r t h e t e s t . T h e t e s t a p p a r a t u s i s
a t t a c h e d t o t h e s u i t t o p e r m i t i n fl a t i o n t o
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
t h e p r e -t e s t s u i t e x p a n s i o n p r e s s u r e fo r r e -
m ova l of su it wr in k les a n d cr ea ses. T h e pr es-
su r e is lower ed t o t h e t est pr essu r e a n d m on -
i t o r e d fo r t h r e e m i n u t e s . I f t h e p r e s s u r e d r o p
i s e x c e s s i v e , t h e T E CP s u i t fa i l s t h e t e s t a n d
i s r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e . T h e t e s t i s r e p e a t e d
a ft e r l e a k l o c a t i o n a n d r e p a i r .
4.0—R e q u i r e d S u p p l i e s
4.1 S o u r c e o f c o m p r e s s e d a i r .
4.2 T e s t a p p a r a t u s fo r s u i t t e s t i n g , i n c l u d -
in g a pr essu r e m ea su r em en t device wit h a
s e n s i t i v i t y o f a t l e a s t 1⁄4 i n c h w a t e r g a u g e .
4.3 V e n t v a l v e c l o s u r e p l u g s o r s e a l i n g
t a pe.
4.4 S o a p y w a t e r s o l u t i o n a n d s o ft b r u s h .
4.5 S t o p w a t c h o r a p p r o p r i a t e t i m i n g d e -
vice.
5.0—S a fe t y P r e c a u t i o n s
5.1 Ca r e s h a l l b e t a k e n t o p r o v i d e t h e c o r -
r e c t p r e s s u r e s a fe t y d e v i c e s r e q u i r e d fo r t h e
sou r ce of com pr essed a ir u sed.
6.0—T e s t P r o c e d u r e
6.1 P r i o r t o e a c h t e s t , t h e t e s t e r s h a l l p e r -
fo r m a v i s u a l i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e s u i t . Ch e c k
t h e s u i t fo r s e a m i n t e g r i t y b y v i s u a l l y e x a m -
in in g t h e sea m s a n d gen t ly pu llin g on t h e
s e a m s . E n s u r e t h a t a l l a i r s u p p l y l i n e s , fi t -
t i n g s , v i s o r , zi p p e r s , a n d v a l v e s a r e s e c u r e
a n d sh ow n o sign s of det er ior a t ion .
6.1.1 S e a l o ff t h e v e n t v a l v e s a l o n g w i t h
a n y ot h er n or m a l in let or exh a u st poin t s
(s u c h a s u m b i l i c a l a i r l i n e fi t t i n g s o r fa c e
piece open in g) wit h t a pe or ot h er a ppr opr ia t e
m e a n s (c a p s , p l u g s , fi x t u r e , e t c .). Ca r e s h o u l d
be exer cised in t h e sea lin g pr ocess n ot t o
da m a ge a n y of t h e su it com pon en t s.
6.1.2 Cl o s e a l l c l o s u r e a s s e m b l i e s .
6.1.3 P r e p a r e t h e s u i t fo r i n fl a t i o n b y p r o -
vidin g a n im pr ovised con n ect ion poin t on t h e
s u i t fo r c o n n e c t i n g a n a i r l i n e . A t t a c h t h e
pr essu r e t est a ppa r a t u s t o t h e su it t o per m it
s u i t i n fl a t i o n fr o m a c o m p r e s s e d a i r s o u r c e
equ ipped wit h a pr essu r e in dica t in g r egu -
la t or . T h e lea k t igh t n ess of t h e pr essu r e t est
a p p a r a t u s s h o u l d b e t e s t e d b e fo r e a n d a ft e r
e a c h t e s t b y c l o s i n g o ff t h e e n d o f t h e t u b i n g
a t t a ch ed t o t h e su it a n d a ssu r in g a pr essu r e
o f t h r e e i n c h e s w a t e r g a u g e fo r t h r e e m i n -
u t es ca n be m a in t a in ed. If a com pon en t is r e-
m o v e d fo r t h e t e s t , t h a t c o m p o n e n t s h a l l b e
r epla ced a n d a secon d t est con du ct ed wit h
a n ot h er com pon en t r em oved t o per m it a
com plet e t est of t h e en sem ble.
6.1.4 T h e p r e -t e s t e x p a n s i o n p r e s s u r e (A )
a n d t h e s u i t t e s t p r e s s u r e (B ) s h a l l b e s u p -
p l i e d b y t h e s u i t m a n u fa c t u r e r , b u t i n n o
c a s e s h a l l t h e y b e l e s s t h a n : (A )= t h r e e i n c h e s
w a t e r g a u g e ; a n d (B )= t w o i n c h e s w a t e r
g a u g e . T h e e n d i n g s u i t p r e s s u r e (C) s h a l l b e
n o l e s s t h a n 80 p e r c e n t o f t h e t e s t p r e s s u r e
(B ); i .e ., t h e p r e s s u r e d r o p s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 20
p e r c e n t o f t h e t e s t p r e s s u r e (B ).
6.1.5 I n fl a t e t h e s u i t u n t i l t h e p r e s s u r e i n -
s i d e i s e q u a l t o p r e s s u r e (A ), t h e p r e -t e s t e x -
pa n sion su it pr essu r e. Allow a t lea st on e
m i n u t e t o fi l l o u t t h e w r i n k l e s i n t h e s u i t .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
R e l e a s e s u ffi c i e n t a i r t o r e d u c e t h e s u i t p r e s -
392
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00402 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s u r e t o p r e s s u r e (B ), t h e s u i t t e s t p r e s s u r e .
Begin t im in g. At t h e en d of t h r ee m in u t es,
r e c o r d t h e s u i t p r e s s u r e a s p r e s s u r e (C), t h e
e n d i n g s u i t p r e s s u r e . T h e d i ffe r e n c e b e t w e e n
t h e su it t est pr essu r e a n d t h e en din g su it
t e s t p r e s s u r e (B -C) s h a l l b e d e fi n e d a s t h e
su it pr essu r e dr op.
6.1.6 I f t h e s u i t p r e s s u r e d r o p i s m o r e t h a n
20 p e r c e n t o f t h e s u i t t e s t p r e s s u r e (B ) d u r i n g
t h e t h r e e -m i n u t e t e s t p e r i o d , t h e s u i t fa i l s
t h e t e s t a n d s h a l l b e r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e .
7.0—R e t e s t P r o c e d u r e
7.1 I f t h e s u i t fa i l s t h e t e s t c h e c k fo r l e a k s
b y i n fl a t i n g t h e s u i t t o p r e s s u r e (A ) a n d
b r u s h i n g o r w i p i n g t h e e n t i r e s u i t (i n c l u d i n g
s e a m s , c l o s u r e s , l e n s g a s k e t s , g l o v e -t o -s l e e v e
j o i n t s , e t c .) w i t h a m i l d s o a p a n d w a t e r s o l u -
t i o n . Ob s e r v e t h e s u i t fo r t h e fo r m a t i o n o f
soa p bu bbles, wh ich is a n in dica t ion of a
l e a k . R e p a i r a l l i d e n t i fi e d l e a k s .
7.2 R e t e s t t h e T E CP s u i t a s o u t l i n e d i n
T e s t p r o c e d u r e 6.0.
8.0—R e p o r t
8.1 E a c h T E CP s u i t t e s t e d b y t h i s p r a c t i c e
s h a l l h a v e t h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n r e -
cor ded:
8.1.1 U n i q u e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n n u m b e r , i d e n t i -
fy i n g b r a n d n a m e , d a t e o f p u r c h a s e , m a t e r i a l
o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d u n i q u e fi t fe a t u r e s , e .g .,
specia l br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s.
8.1.2 T h e a c t u a l v a l u e s fo r t e s t p r e s s u r e s
(A ), (B ), a n d (C) s h a l l b e r e c o r d e d a l o n g w i t h
t h e s p e c i fi c o b s e r v a t i o n t i m e s . I f t h e e n d i n g
p r e s s u r e (C) i s l e s s t h a n 80 p e r c e n t o f t h e t e s t
p r e s s u r e (B ), t h e s u i t s h a l l b e i d e n t i fi e d a s
fa i l i n g t h e t e s t . Wh e n p o s s i b l e , t h e s p e c i fi c
l e a k l o c a t i o n s h a l l b e i d e n t i fi e d i n t h e t e s t
r ecor ds. R et est pr essu r e da t a sh a ll be r e-
cor ded a s a n a ddit ion a l t est .
8.1.3 T h e s o u r c e o f t h e t e s t a p p a r a t u s u s e d
s h a l l b e i d e n t i fi e d a n d t h e s e n s i t i v i t y o f t h e
pr essu r e ga u ge sh a ll be r ecor ded.
8.1.4 R e c o r d s s h a l l b e k e p t fo r e a c h p r e s -
su r e t est even if r epa ir s a r e bein g m a de a t
t h e t est loca t ion .
C A U T I ON
Visu a lly in spect a ll pa r t s of t h e su it t o be
su r e t h ey a r e posit ion ed cor r ect ly a n d se-
c u r e d t i g h t l y b e fo r e p u t t i n g t h e s u i t b a c k
in t o ser vice. S pecia l ca r e sh ou ld be t a k en t o
exa m in e ea ch exh a u st va lve t o m a k e su r e it
is n ot block ed.
Ca r e s h o u l d a l s o b e e x e r c i s e d t o a s s u r e
t h a t t h e in side a n d ou t side of t h e su it is
c o m p l e t e l y d r y b e fo r e i t i s p u t i n t o s t o r a g e .
B . T ot a lly -en ca p su la t in g ch em ica l p rot ect iv e
su it qu a lit a t iv e lea k t est
1.0—S c o p e
1.1 T h i s p r a c t i c e s e m i -q u a l i t a t i v e l y t e s t s
g a s t i g h t t o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g c h e m i c a l
pr ot ect ive su it in t egr it y by det ect in g in wa r d
lea k a ge of a m m on ia va por . S in ce n o m odi-
fi c a t i o n s a r e m a d e t o t h e s u i t t o c a r r y o u t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h i s t e s t , t h e r e s u l t s fr o m t h i s p r a c t i c e p r o -
v i d e a r e a l i s t i c t e s t fo r t h e i n t e g r i t y o f t h e
en t ir e su it .
1.2 R e s i s t a n c e o f t h e s u i t m a t e r i a l s t o p e r -
m ea t ion , pen et r a t ion , a n d degr a da t ion is n ot
det er m in ed by t h is t est m et h od. AS T M t est
m et h ods a r e a va ila ble t o t est su it m a t er ia ls
fo r t h e s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d t h e t e s t s a r e
u s u a l l y c o n d u c t e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r s o f
t h e su it s.
2.0—D e fi n i t i o n o f t e r m s
2.1 T ot a lly -en ca p su la t ed ch em ica l p rot ect iv e
su it (T E CP su it ) m e a n s a fu l l b o d y g a r m e n t
wh ich is con st r u ct ed of pr ot ect ive clot h in g
m a t e r i a l s ; c o v e r s t h e w e a r e r ’s t o r s o , h e a d ,
a r m s, legs a n d r espir a t or ; m a y cover t h e
w e a r e r ’s h a n d s a n d fe e t w i t h t i g h t l y a t -
t a ch ed gloves a n d boot s; com plet ely en closes
t h e wea r er a n d r espir a t or by it self or in com -
b i n a t i o n w i t h t h e w e a r e r ’s g l o v e s , a n d b o o t s .
2.2 P rot ect iv e clot h in g m a t eria l m e a n s a n y
m a t er ia l or com bin a t ion of m a t er ia ls u sed in
a n i t e m o f c l o t h i n g fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f i s o -
l a t i n g p a r t s o f t h e b o d y fr o m d i r e c t c o n t a c t
w i t h a p o t e n t i a l l y h a za r d o u s l i q u i d o r g a s -
eou s ch em ica ls.
2.3 Ga s t igh t m e a n s , fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s
t e s t m e t h o d , t h e l i m i t e d fl o w o f a g a s u n d e r
p r e s s u r e fr o m t h e i n s i d e o f a T E CP s u i t t o
a t m osph er e a t a pr escr ibed pr essu r e a n d
t im e in t er va l.
2.4 I n t ru sion Coef f icien t m e a n s a n u m b e r e x -
pr essin g t h e level of pr ot ect ion pr ovided by a
g a s t i g h t t o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g c h e m i c a l
p r o t e c t i v e s u i t . T h e i n t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t i s
ca lcu la t ed by dividin g t h e t est r oom ch a l-
len ge a gen t con cen t r a t ion by t h e con cen t r a -
t i o n o f c h a l l e n g e a g e n t fo u n d i n s i d e t h e s u i t .
T h e a c c u r a c y o f t h e i n t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t i s
depen den t on t h e ch a llen ge a gen t m on it or in g
m e t h o d s . T h e l a r g e r t h e i n t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t
t h e gr ea t er t h e pr ot ect ion pr ovided by t h e
T E CP s u i t .
3.0—S u m m a r y o f r e c o m m e n d e d p r a c t i c e
3.1 T h e v o l u m e o f c o n c e n t r a t e d a q u e o u s
a m m o n i a s o l u t i o n (a m m o n i a h y d r o x i d e N H 4
OH ) r e q u i r e d t o g e n e r a t e t h e t e s t a t m o s -
ph er e is det er m in ed u sin g t h e dir ect ion s ou t -
l i n e d i n 6.1. T h e s u i t i s d o n n e d b y a p e r s o n
wea r in g t h e a ppr opr ia t e r espir a t or y equ ip-
m e n t (e i t h e r a p o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e s e l f-c o n -
t a in ed br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s or a posit ive
pr essu r e su pplied a ir r espir a t or ) a n d wor n in -
side t h e en closed t est r oom . T h e con -
cen t r a t ed a qu eou s a m m on ia solu t ion is
t a k en by t h e su it ed in dividu a l in t o t h e t est
r oom a n d pou r ed in t o a n open pla st ic pa n . A
t w o -m i n u t e e v a p o r a t i o n p e r i o d i s o b s e r v e d
b e fo r e t h e t e s t r o o m c o n c e n t r a t i o n i s m e a s -
u r ed, u sin g a h igh r a n ge a m m on ia len gt h of
s t a i n d e t e c t o r t u b e . Wh e n t h e a m m o n i a
va por r ea ch es a con cen t r a t ion of bet ween
1000 a n d 1200 p p m , t h e s u i t e d i n d i v i d u a l
s t a r t s a s t a n d a r d i ze d e x e r c i s e p r o t o c o l t o
s t r e s s a n d fl e x t h e s u i t . A ft e r t h i s p r o t o c o l i s
com plet ed, t h e t est r oom con cen t r a t ion is
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m ea su r ed a ga in . T h e su it ed in dividu a l exit s
393
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00403 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
t h e t e s t r o o m a n d h i s s t a n d -b y p e r s o n m e a s -
u r es t h e a m m on ia con cen t r a t ion in side t h e
su it u sin g a low r a n ge a m m on ia len gt h of
st a in det ect or t u be or ot h er m or e sen sit ive
a m m o n i a d e t e c t o r . A s t a n d -b y p e r s o n i s r e -
qu ir ed t o obser ve t h e t est in dividu a l du r in g
t h e t est pr ocedu r e; a id t h e per son in don n in g
a n d d o ffi n g t h e T E CP s u i t ; a n d m o n i t o r t h e
s u i t i n t e r i o r . T h e i n t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t o f t h e
su it ca n be ca lcu la t ed by dividin g t h e a ver -
a ge t est a r ea con cen t r a t ion by t h e in t er ior
su it con cen t r a t ion . A color im et r ic a m m on ia
in dica t or st r ip of br om oph en ol blu e or equ iv-
a l e n t i s p l a c e d o n t h e i n s i d e o f t h e s u i t fa c e
piece len s so t h a t t h e su it ed in dividu a l is
a ble t o det ect a color ch a n ge a n d k n ow if t h e
s u i t h a s a s i g n i fi c a n t l e a k . I f a c o l o r c h a n g e
is obser ved t h e in dividu a l sh a ll lea ve t h e t est
r oom im m edia t ely .
4.0—R e q u i r e d s u p p l i e s
4.1 A s u p p l y o f c o n c e n t r a t e d a q u e o u s a m -
m o n i u m h y d r o x i d e (58% b y w e i g h t ).
4.2 A s u p p l y o f b r o m o p h e n o l /b l u e i n d i -
c a t i n g p a p e r o r e q u i v a l e n t , s e n s i t i v e t o 5–10
p p m a m m o n i a o r g r e a t e r o v e r a t w o -m i n u t e
p e r i o d o f e x p o s u r e . [p H 3.0 (y e l l o w ) t o p H 4.6
(b l u e )]
4.3 A s u p p l y o f h i g h r a n g e (0.5–10 v o l u m e
p e r c e n t ) a n d l o w r a n g e (5–700 p p m ) d e t e c t o r
t u b e s fo r a m m o n i a a n d t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g
sa m plin g pu m p. Mor e sen sit ive a m m on ia de-
t e c t o r s c a n b e s u b s t i t u t e d fo r t h e l o w r a n g e
det ect or t u bes t o im pr ove t h e sen sit ivit y of
t h is pr a ct ice.
4.4 A s h a l l o w p l a s t i c p a n (P V C) a t l e a s t
12″:14″:1″ a n d a h a l f p i n t p l a s t i c c o n t a i n e r
(P V C) w i t h t i g h t l y c l o s i n g l i d .
4.5 A g r a d u a t e d c y l i n d e r o r o t h e r v o l u -
m e t r i c m e a s u r i n g d e v i c e o f a t l e a s t 50 m i l l i -
lit er s in volu m e wit h a n a ccu r a cy of a t lea st
±1 m i l l i l i t e r s .
5.0—S a fe t y p r e c a u t i o n s
5.1 Co n c e n t r a t e d a q u e o u s a m m o n i u m h y -
d r o x i d e , N H 4 OH , i s a c o r r o s i v e v o l a t i l e l i q -
u id r equ ir in g ey e, sk in , a n d r espir a t or y pr o-
t ect ion . T h e per son con du ct in g t h e t est sh a ll
r e v i e w t h e M S D S fo r a q u e o u s a m m o n i a .
5.2 S i n c e t h e e s t a b l i s h e d p e r m i s s i b l e e x -
p o s u r e l i m i t fo r a m m o n i a i s 35 p p m a s a 15
m in u t e S T E L , on ly per son s wea r in g a posi-
t i v e p r e s s u r e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a -
r a t u s or a posit ive pr essu r e su pplied a ir r es-
pir a t or sh a ll be in t h e ch a m ber . Nor m a lly
o n l y t h e p e r s o n w e a r i n g t h e t o t a l l y -e n c a p -
su la t in g su it will be in side t h e ch a m ber . A
s t a n d -b y p e r s o n s h a l l h a v e a p o s i t i v e p r e s -
s u r e s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s , o r a
posit ive pr essu r e su pplied a ir r espir a t or
a va ila ble t o en t er t h e t est a r ea sh ou ld t h e
su it ed in dividu a l n eed a ssist a n ce.
5.3 A m e t h o d t o m o n i t o r t h e s u i t e d i n d i -
vidu a l m u st be u sed du r in g t h is t est . Visu a l
con t a ct is t h e sim plest bu t ot h er m et h ods
u sin g com m u n ica t ion devices a r e a ccept a ble.
5.4 T h e t e s t r o o m s h a l l b e l a r g e e n o u g h t o
a llow t h e exer cise pr ot ocol t o be ca r r ied ou t
a n d t h e n t o b e v e n t i l a t e d t o a l l o w fo r e a s y
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
exh a u st of t h e a m m on ia t est a t m osph er e
a ft e r t h e t e s t (s ) a r e c o m p l e t e d .
5.5 I n d i v i d u a l s sh a ll be m edica lly
s c r e e n e d fo r t h e u s e o f r e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i o n
a n d c h e c k e d fo r a l l e r g i e s t o a m m o n i a b e fo r e
pa r t icipa t in g in t h is t est pr ocedu r e.
6.0—T e s t p r o c e d u r e
6.1.1 M e a s u r e t h e t e s t a r e a t o t h e n e a r e s t
fo o t a n d c a l c u l a t e i t s v o l u m e i n c u b i c fe e t .
M u l t i p l y t h e t e s t a r e a v o l u m e b y 0.2 m i l l i -
lit er s of con cen t r a t ed a qu eou s a m m on ia so-
l u t i o n p e r c u b i c fo o t o f t e s t a r e a v o l u m e t o
det er m in e t h e a ppr oxim a t e volu m e of con -
cen t r a t ed a qu eou s a m m on ia r equ ir ed t o gen -
e r a t e 1000 p p m i n t h e t e s t a r e a .
6.1.2 M e a s u r e t h i s v o l u m e fr o m t h e s u p p l y
of con cen t r a t ed a qu eou s a m m on ia a n d pla ce
it in t o a closed pla st ic con t a in er .
6.1.3 P l a c e t h e c o n t a i n e r , s e v e r a l h i g h
r a n ge a m m on ia det ect or t u bes, a n d t h e pu m p
in t h e clea n t est pa n a n d loca t e it n ea r t h e
t est a r ea en t r y door so t h a t t h e su it ed in di-
vidu a l h a s ea sy a ccess t o t h ese su pplies.
6.2.1 I n a n o n -c o n t a m i n a t e d a t m o s p h e r e ,
o p e n a p r e -s e a l e d a m m o n i a i n d i c a t o r s t r i p
a n d fa s t e n o n e e n d o f t h e s t r i p t o t h e i n s i d e
o f t h e s u i t fa c e s h i e l d l e n s w h e r e i t c a n b e
seen by t h e wea r er . Moist en t h e in dica t or
s t r i p w i t h d i s t i l l e d w a t e r . Ca r e s h a l l b e
t a k en n ot t o con t a m in a t e t h e det ect or pa r t
of t h e in dica t or pa per by t ou ch in g it . A
sm a ll piece of m a sk in g t a pe or equ iva len t
sh ou ld be u sed t o a t t a ch t h e in dica t or st r ip
t o t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e s u i t fa c e s h i e l d .
6.2.2 I f p r o b l e m s a r e e n c o u n t e r e d w i t h
t h is m et h od of a t t a ch m en t , t h e in dica t or
st r ip ca n be a t t a ch ed t o t h e ou t side of t h e
r e s p i r a t o r fa c e p i e c e l e n s b e i n g u s e d d u r i n g
t h e t est .
6.3 D o n t h e r e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e
n or m a lly u sed wit h t h e su it , a n d t h en don
t h e T E CP s u i t t o b e t e s t e d . Ch e c k t o b e s u r e
a ll open in gs wh ich a r e in t en ded t o be sea led
(zi p p e r s , g l o v e s , e t c .) a r e c o m p l e t e l y s e a l e d .
D O N OT , h o w e v e r , p l u g o ff a n y v e n t i n g
va lves.
6.4 S t e p i n t o t h e e n c l o s e d t e s t r o o m s u c h
a s a closet , ba t h r oom , or t est boot h ,
e q u i p p e d w i t h a n e x h a u s t fa n . N o a i r s h o u l d
b e e x h a u s t e d fr o m t h e c h a m b e r d u r i n g t h e
t est beca u se t h is will dilu t e t h e a m m on ia
ch a llen ge con cen t r a t ion s.
6.5 Op e n t h e c o n t a i n e r w i t h t h e p r e -m e a s -
u r ed volu m e of con cen t r a t ed a qu eou s a m m o-
n ia wit h in t h e en closed t est r oom , a n d pou r
t h e liqu id in t o t h e em pt y pla st ic t est pa n .
Wa i t t w o m i n u t e s t o a l l o w fo r a d e q u a t e v o l a -
t i l i za t i o n o f t h e c o n c e n t r a t e d a q u e o u s a m -
m o n i a . A s m a l l m i x i n g fa n c a n b e u s e d n e a r
t h e eva por a t ion pa n t o in cr ea se t h e eva po-
r a t ion r a t e of t h e a m m on ia solu t ion .
6.6 A ft e r t w o m i n u t e s a d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f
t h e a m m on ia con cen t r a t ion wit h in t h e
ch a m ber sh ou ld be m a de u sin g t h e h igh
r a n ge color im et r ic det ect or t u be. A con -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
c e n t r a t i o n o f 1000 p p m a m m o n i a o r g r e a t e r
394
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00404 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s h a l l b e g e n e r a t e d b e fo r e t h e e x e r c i s e s a r e
st a r t ed.
6.7 T o t e s t t h e i n t e g r i t y o f t h e s u i t t h e
fo l l o w i n g fo u r m i n u t e e x e r c i s e p r o t o c o l
s h o u l d b e fo l l o w e d :
6.7.1 R a i s i n g t h e a r m s a b o v e t h e h e a d
w i t h a t l e a s t 15 r a i s i n g m o t i o n s c o m p l e t e d i n
on e m in u t e.
6.7.2 Wa l k i n g i n p l a c e fo r o n e m i n u t e w i t h
a t l e a s t 15 r a i s i n g m o t i o n s o f e a c h l e g i n a
o n e -m i n u t e p e r i o d .
6.7.3 T o u c h i n g t h e t o e s w i t h a l e a s t 10
c o m p l e t e m o t i o n s o f t h e a r m s fr o m a b o v e
t h e h ea d t o t ou ch in g of t h e t oes in a on e-
m in u t e per iod.
6.7.4 K n e e b e n d s w i t h a t l e a s t 10 c o m p l e t e
st a n din g a n d squ a t t in g m ot ion s in a on e-
m in u t e per iod.
6.8 I f a t a n y t i m e d u r i n g t h e t e s t t h e c o l -
or im et r ic in dica t in g pa per sh ou ld ch a n ge
color s, t h e t est sh ou ld be st opped a n d sect ion
6.10 a n d 6.12 i n i t i a t e d (S e e ¶ 4.2).
6.9 A ft e r c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e t e s t e x e r c i s e ,
t h e t est a r ea con cen t r a t ion sh ou ld be m ea s-
u r ed a ga in u sin g t h e h igh r a n ge color im et r ic
det ect or t u be.
6.10 E x i t t h e t e s t a r e a .
6.11 T h e o p e n i n g c r e a t e d b y t h e s u i t zi p -
per or ot h er a ppr opr ia t e su it pen et r a t ion
sh ou ld be u sed t o det er m in e t h e a m m on ia
con cen t r a t ion in t h e su it wit h t h e low r a n ge
len gt h of st a in det ect or t u be or ot h er a m m o-
n i a m o n i t o r . T h e i n t e r n a l T E CP s u i t a i r
s h o u l d b e s a m p l e d fa r e n o u g h fr o m t h e e n -
c l o s e d t e s t a r e a t o p r e v e n t a fa l s e a m m o n i a
r ea din g.
6.12 A ft e r c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e m e a s u r e m e n t
of t h e su it in t er ior a m m on ia con cen t r a t ion
t h e t e s t i s c o n c l u d e d a n d t h e s u i t i s d o ffe d
a n d t h e r espir a t or r em oved.
6.13 T h e v e n t i l a t i n g fa n fo r t h e t e s t r o o m
s h o u l d b e t u r n e d o n a n d a l l o w e d t o r u n fo r
en ou gh t im e t o r em ove t h e a m m on ia ga s.
T h e fa n s h a l l b e v e n t e d t o t h e o u t s i d e o f t h e
bu ildin g.
6.14 A n y d e t e c t a b l e a m m o n i a i n t h e s u i t
i n t e r i o r (fi v e p p m a m m o n i a (N H 3) o r m o r e
fo r t h e l e n g t h o f s t a i n d e t e c t o r t u b e ) i n d i -
c a t e s t h a t t h e s u i t h a s fa i l e d t h e t e s t . Wh e n
ot h er a m m on ia det ect or s a r e u sed a lower
level of det ect ion is possible, a n d it sh ou ld be
s p e c i fi e d a s t h e p a s s /fa i l c r i t e r i a .
6.15 B y fo l l o w i n g t h i s t e s t m e t h o d , a n i n -
t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 200 o r
m or e ca n be m ea su r ed wit h t h e su it in a
com plet ely oper a t ion a l con dit ion . If t h e in -
t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t i s 200 o r m o r e , t h e n t h e
s u i t i s s u i t a b l e fo r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e a n d
fi e l d u s e .
7.0—R e t e s t p r o c e d u r e s
7.1 I f t h e s u i t fa i l s t h i s t e s t , c h e c k fo r
l e a k s b y fo l l o w i n g t h e p r e s s u r e t e s t i n t e s t A
a bove.
7.2 R e t e s t t h e T E CP s u i t a s o u t l i n e d i n
t h e t e s t p r o c e d u r e 6.0.
8.0—R e p o r t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
8.1 E a c h g a s t i g h t t o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g
ch em ica l pr ot ect ive su it t est ed by t h is pr a c-
t i c e s h a l l h a v e t h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n r e -
cor ded.
8.1.1 U n i q u e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n n u m b e r , i d e n -
t i fy i n g b r a n d n a m e , d a t e o f p u r c h a s e , m a t e -
r i a l o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d u n i q u e s u i t fe a -
t u r e s ; e .g ., s p e c i a l b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s .
8.1.2 G e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f t e s t r o o m
u s e d fo r t e s t .
8.1.3 B r a n d n a m e a n d p u r c h a s e d a t e o f
a m m on ia det ect or st r ips a n d color ch a n ge
da t a .
8.1.4 B r a n d n a m e , s a m p l i n g r a n g e , a n d e x -
pir a t ion da t e of t h e len gt h of st a in a m m on ia
det ect or t u bes. T h e br a n d n a m e a n d m odel of
t h e sa m plin g pu m p sh ou ld a lso be r ecor ded.
If a n ot h er t y pe of a m m on ia det ect or is u sed,
i t s h o u l d b e i d e n t i fi e d a l o n g w i t h i t s m i n -
i m u m d e t e c t i o n l i m i t fo r a m m o n i a .
8.1.5 A c t u a l t e s t r e s u l t s s h a l l l i s t t h e t w o
t est a r ea con cen t r a t ion s, t h eir a ver a ge, t h e
in t er ior su it con cen t r a t ion , a n d t h e ca l-
c u l a t e d i n t r u s i o n c o e ffi c i e n t . R e t e s t d a t a
sh a ll be r ecor ded a s a n a ddit ion a l t est .
8.2 T h e e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e d a t a s h a l l b e
s p e c i fi e d a s ‘‘s u i t p a s s e d ’’ o r ‘‘s u i t fa i l e d ,’’
a n d t h e da t e of t h e t est . An y det ect a ble a m -
m o n i a (fi v e p p m o r g r e a t e r fo r t h e l e n g t h o f
st a in det ect or t u be) in t h e su it in t er ior in di-
c a t e s t h e s u i t h a s fa i l e d t h i s t e s t . Wh e n
ot h er a m m on ia det ect or s a r e u sed, a lower
level of det ect ion is possible a n d it sh ou ld be
s p e c i fi e d a s t h e p a s s fa i l c r i t e r i a .
C A U T I ON
Visu a lly in spect a ll pa r t s of t h e su it t o be
su r e t h ey a r e posit ion ed cor r ect ly a n d se-
c u r e d t i g h t l y b e fo r e p u t t i n g t h e s u i t b a c k
in t o ser vice. S pecia l ca r e sh ou ld be t a k en t o
exa m in e ea ch exh a u st va lve t o m a k e su r e it
is n ot block ed.
Ca r e s h o u l d a l s o b e e x e r c i s e d t o a s s u r e
t h a t t h e in side a n d ou t side of t h e su it is
c o m p l e t e l y d r y b e fo r e i t i s p u t i n t o s t o r a g e .
A P P E N D I X B T O § 1910.120—G E N E R A L D E S CR I P -
T I ON A N D D I S CU S S I ON OF T H E L E V E L S OF
P R OT E CT I ON A N D P R OT E CT I V E G E A R
T h i s a p p e n d i x s e t s fo r t h i n fo r m a t i o n a b o u t
p e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t (P P E ) p r o t e c -
t ion levels wh ich m a y be u sed t o a ssist em -
ploy er s in com ply in g wit h t h e P P E r equ ir e-
m en t s of t h is sect ion .
As r equ ir ed by t h e st a n da r d, P P E m u st be
s e l e c t e d w h i c h w i l l p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m
t h e s p e c i fi c h a za r d s w h i c h t h e y a r e l i k e l y t o
e n c o u n t e r d u r i n g t h e i r w o r k o n -s i t e .
S elect ion of t h e a ppr opr ia t e P P E is a com -
plex pr ocess wh ich sh ou ld t a k e in t o con sider -
a t i o n a v a r i e t y o f fa c t o r s . K e y fa c t o r s i n -
v o l v e d i n t h i s p r o c e s s a r e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f
t h e h a za r d s , o r s u s p e c t e d h a za r d s ; t h e i r
r o u t e s o f p o t e n t i a l h a za r d t o e m p l o y e e s (i n -
h a la t ion , sk in a bsor pt ion , in gest ion , a n d ey e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
o r s k i n c o n t a c t ); a n d t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e
395
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00405 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
P P E m a t eria ls (a n d s e a m s ) i n p r o v i d i n g a b a r -
r i e r t o t h e s e h a za r d s . T h e a m o u n t o f p r o t e c -
t i o n p r o v i d e d b y P P E i s m a t e r i a l -h a za r d s p e -
c i fi c . T h a t i s , p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t m a t e -
r i a l s w i l l p r o t e c t w e l l a g a i n s t s o m e h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces a n d poor ly , or n ot a t a ll,
a ga in st ot h er s. In m a n y in st a n ces, pr ot ec-
t i v e e q u i p m e n t m a t e r i a l s c a n n o t b e fo u n d
wh ich will pr ovide con t in u ou s pr ot ect ion
fr o m t h e p a r t i c u l a r h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e . I n
t h ese ca ses t h e br ea k t h r ou gh t im e of t h e
pr ot ect ive m a t er ia l sh ou ld exceed t h e wor k
du r a t ion s.
Ot h e r fa c t o r s i n t h i s s e l e c t i o n p r o c e s s t o
be con sider ed a r e m a t ch in g t h e P P E t o t h e
e m p l o y e e ’s w o r k r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d t a s k -s p e -
c i fi c c o n d i t i o n s . T h e d u r a b i l i t y o f P P E m a t e -
r ia ls, su ch a s t ea r st r en gt h a n d sea m
st r en gt h , sh ou ld be con sider ed in r ela t ion t o
t h e e m p l o y e e ’s t a s k s . T h e e ffe c t s o f P P E i n
r ela t ion t o h ea t st r ess a n d t a sk du r a t ion a r e
a fa c t o r i n s e l e c t i n g a n d u s i n g P P E . I n s o m e
ca ses la y er s of P P E m a y be n ecessa r y t o pr o-
v i d e s u ffi c i e n t p r o t e c t i o n , o r t o p r o t e c t e x -
pen sive P P E in n er ga r m en t s, su it s or equ ip-
m en t .
T h e m o r e t h a t i s k n o w n a b o u t t h e h a za r d s
a t t h e sit e, t h e ea sier t h e job of P P E selec-
t i o n b e c o m e s . A s m o r e i n fo r m a t i o n a b o u t
t h e h a za r d s a n d c o n d i t i o n s a t t h e s i t e b e -
com es a va ila ble, t h e sit e su per visor ca n
m a k e d e c i s i o n s t o u p -g r a d e o r d o w n -g r a d e
t h e level of P P E pr ot ect ion t o m a t ch t h e
t a sk s a t h a n d.
T h e fo l l o w i n g a r e g u i d e l i n e s w h i c h a n e m -
ploy er ca n u se t o begin t h e select ion of t h e
a ppr opr ia t e P P E . As n ot ed a bove, t h e sit e in -
fo r m a t i o n m a y s u g g e s t t h e u s e o f c o m b i n a -
t i o n s o f P P E s e l e c t e d fr o m t h e d i ffe r e n t p r o -
t e c t i o n l e v e l s (i .e ., A , B , C, o r D ) a s b e i n g
m o r e s u i t a b l e t o t h e h a za r d s o f t h e w o r k . I t
sh ou ld be ca u t ion ed t h a t t h e list in g below
d o e s n o t fu l l y a d d r e s s t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e
s p e c i fi c P P E m a t e r i a l i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e s p e -
c i fi c h a za r d s a t t h e j o b s i t e , a n d t h a t P P E
s e l e c t i o n , e v a l u a t i o n a n d r e -s e l e c t i o n i s a n
o n g o i n g p r o c e s s u n t i l s u ffi c i e n t i n fo r m a t i o n
a b o u t t h e h a za r d s a n d P P E p e r fo r m a n c e i s
obt a in ed.
P a rt A . P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t i s
d i v i d e d i n t o fo u r c a t e g o r i e s b a s e d o n t h e d e -
g r e e o f p r o t e c t i o n a ffo r d e d . (S e e P a r t B o f
t h i s a p p e n d i x fo r fu r t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n o f L e v -
e l s A , B , C, a n d D h a za r d s .)
I . L ev el A —T o b e s e l e c t e d w h e n t h e g r e a t -
est level of sk in , r espir a t or y , a n d ey e pr ot ec-
t ion is r equ ir ed.
T h e fo l l o w i n g c o n s t i t u t e L e v e l A e q u i p -
m en t ; it m a y be u sed a s a ppr opr ia t e;
1. P o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e , fu l l fa c e -p i e c e s e l f-
c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s (S CB A ), o r
posit ive pr essu r e su pplied a ir r espir a t or wit h
e s c a p e S CB A , a p p r o v e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l I n -
s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h
(N I OS H ).
2. T o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g c h e m i c a l -p r o t e c -
t ive su it .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
3. Co v e r a l l s . 1
4. L o n g u n d e r w e a r . 1
5. G l o v e s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t .
6. G l o v e s , i n n e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t .
7. B o o t s , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t , s t e e l t o e a n d
sh a n k .
8. H a r d h a t (u n d e r s u i t ). 1
9. D i s p o s a b l e p r o t e c t i v e s u i t , g l o v e s a n d
b o o t s (d e p e n d i n g o n s u i t c o n s t r u c t i o n , m a y
b e w o r n o v e r t o t a l l y -e n c a p s u l a t i n g s u i t ).
I I . L ev el B —T h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f r e s -
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion is n ecessa r y bu t a lesser
level of sk in pr ot ect ion is n eeded.
T h e fo l l o w i n g c o n s t i t u t e L e v e l B e q u i p -
m en t ; it m a y be u sed a s a ppr opr ia t e.
1. P o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e , fu l l -fa c e p i e c e s e l f-c o n -
t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s (S CB A ), o r p o s i -
t ive pr essu r e su pplied a ir r espir a t or wit h es-
c a p e S CB A (N I OS H a p p r o v e d ).
2. H o o d e d c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t clot h in g
(o v e r a l l s a n d l o n g -s l e e v e d j a c k e t ; c o v e r a l l s ;
o n e o r t w o -p i e c e c h e m i c a l -s p l a s h s u i t ; d i s -
p o s a b l e c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t o v e r a l l s ).
3. Co v e r a l l s . 1
4. G l o v e s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t .
5. G l o v e s , i n n e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t .
6. B o o t s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t s t e e l
t oe a n d sh a n k .
7. B o o t -c o v e r s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t
(d i s p o s a b l e ). 1
8. H a r d h a t . 1
9. [R e s e r v e d ]
10. F a c e s h i e l d . 1
I I I . L ev el C—T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n (s ) a n d
t y p e (s ) o f a i r b o r n e s u b s t a n c e (s ) i s k n o w n a n d
t h e c r i t e r i a fo r u s i n g a i r p u r i fy i n g r e s -
pir a t or s a r e m et .
T h e fo l l o w i n g c o n s t i t u t e L e v e l C e q u i p -
m en t ; it m a y be u sed a s a ppr opr ia t e.
1. F u l l -fa c e o r h a l f-m a s k , a i r p u r i fy i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r s (N I OS H a p p r o v e d ).
2. H o o d e d c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t clot h in g
(o v e r a l l s ; t w o -p i e c e c h e m i c a l -s p l a s h s u i t ;
d i s p o s a b l e c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t o v e r a l l s ).
3. Co v e r a l l s . 1
4. G l o v e s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t .
5. G l o v e s , i n n e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t .
6. B o o t s (o u t e r ), c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t s t e e l
t oe a n d sh a n k . 1
7. B o o t -c o v e r s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t
(d i s p o s a b l e ) 1.
8. H a r d h a t . 1
9. E s c a p e m a s k . 1
10. F a c e s h i e l d . 1
I V . L ev el D —A w o r k u n i fo r m a ffo r d i n g
m i n i m a l p r o t e c t i o n , u s e d fo r n u i s a n c e c o n -
t a m in a t ion on ly .
T h e fo l l o w i n g c o n s t i t u t e L e v e l D e q u i p -
m en t ; it m a y be u sed a s a ppr opr ia t e:
1. Co v e r a l l s .
2. G l o v e s . 1
3. B o o t s /s h o e s , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t s t e e l t o e
a n d sh a n k .
4. B o o t s , o u t e r , c h e m i c a l -r e s i s t a n t (d i s p o s -
a b l e ). 1
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
1 Op t ion a l, a s a pplica ble.
396
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
5. S a fe t y g l a s s e s o r c h e m i c a l s p l a s h
g o g g l e s *.
6. H a r d h a t . 1
7. E s c a p e m a s k . 1
8. F a c e s h i e l d . 1
P a rt B . T h e t y p e s o f h a za r d s fo r w h i c h l e v -
e l s A , B , C, a n d D p r o t e c t i o n a r e a p p r o p r i a t e
a r e descr ibed below:
I . L ev el A —L e v e l A p r o t e c t i o n s h o u l d b e
u sed wh en :
1. T h e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e h a s b e e n i d e n -
t i fi e d a n d r e q u i r e s t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f p r o -
t e c t i o n fo r s k i n , e y e s , a n d t h e r e s p i r a t o r y
s y s t e m b a s e d o n e i t h e r t h e m e a s u r e d (o r p o -
t e n t i a l fo r ) h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a t m o s -
ph er ic va por s, ga ses, or pa r t icu la t es; or t h e
s i t e o p e r a t i o n s a n d w o r k fu n c t i o n s i n v o l v e a
h i g h p o t e n t i a l fo r s p l a s h , i m m e r s i o n , o r e x -
posu r e t o u n expect ed va por s, ga ses, or pa r -
t i c u l a t e s o f m a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e h a r m fu l t o
sk in or ca pa ble of bein g a bsor bed t h r ou gh
t h e sk in ;
2. S u b s t a n c e s w i t h a h i g h d e g r e e o f h a za r d
t o t h e sk in a r e k n own or su spect ed t o be
pr esen t , a n d sk in con t a ct is possible; or
3. Op e r a t i o n s a r e b e i n g c o n d u c t e d i n c o n -
fi n e d , p o o r l y v e n t i l a t e d a r e a s , a n d t h e a b -
sen ce of con dit ion s r equ ir in g L evel A h a ve
n ot y et been det er m in ed.
I I . L ev el B —L e v e l B p r o t e c t i o n s h o u l d b e
u sed wh en :
1. T h e t y p e a n d a t m o s p h e r i c c o n c e n t r a t i o n
o f s u b s t a n c e s h a v e b e e n i d e n t i fi e d a n d r e -
qu ir e a h igh level of r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion ,
bu t less sk in pr ot ect ion ;
2. T h e a t m o s p h e r e c o n t a i n s l e s s t h a n 19.5
per cen t oxy gen ; or
3. T h e p r e s e n c e o f i n c o m p l e t e l y i d e n t i fi e d
v a p o r s o r g a s e s i s i n d i c a t e d b y a d i r e c t -r e a d -
in g or ga n ic va por det ect ion in st r u m en t , bu t
va por s a n d ga ses a r e n ot su spect ed of con -
t a i n i n g h i g h l e v e l s o f c h e m i c a l s h a r m fu l t o
sk in or ca pa ble of bein g a bsor bed t h r ou gh
t h e sk in .
N OT E : T h i s i n v o l v e s a t m o s p h e r e s w i t h
I D L H c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f s p e c i fi c s u b s t a n c e s
t h a t p r e s e n t s e v e r e i n h a l a t i o n h a za r d s a n d
t h a t d o n o t r e p r e s e n t a s e v e r e s k i n h a za r d ;
o r t h a t d o n o t m e e t t h e c r i t e r i a fo r u s e o f
a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r s .
I I I . L ev el C—L e v e l C p r o t e c t i o n s h o u l d b e
u sed wh en :
1. T h e a t m o s p h e r i c c o n t a m i n a n t s , l i q u i d
spla sh es, or ot h er dir ect con t a ct will n ot a d-
v e r s e l y a ffe c t o r b e a b s o r b e d t h r o u g h a n y e x -
posed sk in ;
2. T h e t y p e s o f a i r c o n t a m i n a n t s h a v e b e e n
i d e n t i fi e d , c o n c e n t r a t i o n s m e a s u r e d , a n d a n
a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r i s a v a i l a b l e t h a t c a n
r em ove t h e con t a m in a n t s; a n d
3. A l l c r i t e r i a fo r t h e u s e o f a i r -p u r i fy i n g
r espir a t or s a r e m et .
I V . L ev el D —L e v e l D p r o t e c t i o n s h o u l d b e
u sed wh en :
1. T h e a t m o s p h e r e c o n t a i n s n o k n o w n h a z-
a r d; a n d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
2. Wo r k fu n c t i o n s p r e c l u d e s p l a s h e s , i m -
m e r s i o n , o r t h e p o t e n t i a l fo r u n e x p e c t e d i n -
h a l a t i o n o f o r c o n t a c t w i t h h a za r d o u s l e v e l s
of a n y ch em ica ls.
N OT E : A s s t a t e d b e fo r e , c o m b i n a t i o n s o f
per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t ot h er t h a n
t h o s e d e s c r i b e d fo r L e v e l s A , B , C, a n d D p r o -
t ect ion m a y be m or e a ppr opr ia t e a n d m a y be
u sed t o pr ovide t h e pr oper level of pr ot ec-
t ion .
As a n a id in select in g su it a ble ch em ica l
pr ot ect ive clot h in g, it sh ou ld be n ot ed t h a t
t h e Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion
(N F P A ) h a s d e v e l o p e d s t a n d a r d s o n c h e m i c a l
pr ot ect ive clot h in g. T h e st a n da r ds t h a t h a ve
been a dopt ed by in clu de:
N F P A 1991—S t a n d a r d o n V a p o r -P r o t e c t i v e
S u i t s fo r H a za r d o u s Ch e m i c a l E m e r g e n c i e s
(E P A L e v e l A P r o t e c t i v e Cl o t h i n g ).
N F P A 1992—S t a n d a r d o n L i q u i d S p l a s h -
P r o t e c t i v e S u i t s fo r H a za r d o u s Ch e m i c a l
E m e r g e n c i e s (E P A L e v e l B P r o t e c t i v e Cl o t h -
i n g ).
N F P A 1993—S t a n d a r d o n L i q u i d S p l a s h -
P r o t e c t i v e S u i t s fo r N o n -e m e r g e n c y , N o n -
fl a m m a b l e H a za r d o u s Ch e m i c a l S i t u a t i o n s
(E P A L e v e l B P r o t e c t i v e Cl o t h i n g ).
T h ese st a n da r ds a pply docu m en t a t ion a n d
p e r fo r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s t o t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r e o f c h e m i c a l p r o t e c t i v e s u i t s . Ch e m i c a l
pr ot ect ive su it s m eet in g t h ese r equ ir em en t s
a r e la belled a s com plia n t wit h t h e a ppr o-
pr ia t e st a n da r d. It is r ecom m en ded t h a t
ch em ica l pr ot ect ive su it s t h a t m eet t h ese
st a n da r ds be u sed.
A P P E N D I X C T O § 1910.120—C OM P L I A N CE
GUIDE L INE S
1. O ccu p a t ion a l S a f et y a n d H ea lt h P rogra m .
E a c h h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e c l e a n -u p e ffo r t
w i l l r e q u i r e a n o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h pr ogr a m h ea ded by t h e sit e coor di-
n a t o r o r t h e e m p l o y e r ’s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e . T h e
pu r pose of t h e pr ogr a m will be t h e pr ot ec-
t ion of em ploy ees a t t h e sit e a n d will be a n
e x t e n s i o n o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s o v e r a l l s a fe t y
a n d h ea lt h pr ogr a m . T h e pr ogr a m will n eed
t o b e d e v e l o p e d b e fo r e w o r k b e g i n s o n t h e
sit e a n d im plem en t ed a s wor k pr oceeds a s
s t a t e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b ). T h e p r o g r a m i s t o fa -
cilit a t e coor din a t ion a n d com m u n ica t ion of
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h i s s u e s a m o n g p e r s o n n e l r e -
s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e v a r i o u s a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h
will t a k e pla ce a t t h e sit e. It will pr ovide t h e
o v e r a l l m e a n s fo r p l a n n i n g a n d i m p l e -
m e n t i n g t h e n e e d e d s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h t r a i n -
in g a n d job or ien t a t ion of em ploy ees wh o
will be wor k in g a t t h e sit e. T h e pr ogr a m will
p r o v i d e t h e m e a n s fo r i d e n t i fy i n g a n d c o n -
t r o l l i n g w o r k s i t e h a za r d s a n d t h e m e a n s fo r
m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m e ffe c t i v e n e s s . T h e p r o -
gr a m will n eed t o cover t h e r espon sibilit ies
a n d a u t h or it y of t h e sit e coor din a t or or t h e
e m p l o y e r ’s m a n a g e r o n t h e s i t e fo r t h e s a fe -
t y a n d h ea lt h of em ploy ees a t t h e sit e, a n d
t h e r ela t ion sh ips wit h con t r a ct or s or su ppor t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s e r v i c e s a s t o w h a t e a c h e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y
397
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00407 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
a n d h e a l t h r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a r e fo r t h e i r e m -
ploy ees on t h e sit e. E a ch con t r a ct or on t h e
s i t e n e e d s t o h a v e i t s o w n s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
pr ogr a m so st r u ct u r ed t h a t it will sm oot h ly
i n t e r fa c e w i t h t h e p r o g r a m o f t h e s i t e c o o r -
din a t or or pr in cipa l con t r a ct or .
Also t h ose em ploy er s in volved wit h t r ea t -
i n g , s t o r i n g o r d i s p o s a l o f h a za r d o u s w a s t e a s
c o v e r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (p ) m u s t h a v e i m p l e -
m e n t e d a s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m fo r t h e i r
em ploy ees. T h is pr ogr a m is t o in clu de t h e
h a za r d c o m m u n i c a t i o n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e d i n
p a r a g r a p h (p )(1) a n d t h e t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d i n
p a r a g r a p h s (p )(7) a n d (p )(8) a s p a r t s o f t h e
e m p l o y e r s c o m p r e h e n s i v e o v e r a l l s a fe t y a n d
h ea lt h pr ogr a m . T h is pr ogr a m is t o be in
wr it in g.
E a c h s i t e o r w o r k p l a c e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h
p r o g r a m w i l l n e e d t o i n c l u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(1) P o l i c y s t a t e m e n t s o f t h e l i n e o f a u t h o r i t y
a n d a c c o u n t a b i l i t y fo r i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e
pr ogr a m , t h e object ives of t h e pr ogr a m a n d
t h e r o l e o f t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h s u p e r -
v i s o r o r m a n a g e r a n d s t a ff; (2) m e a n s o r
m e t h o d s fo r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f p r o c e d u r e s
fo r i d e n t i fy i n g a n d c o n t r o l l i n g w o r k p l a c e
h a za r d s a t t h e s i t e ; (3) m e a n s o r m e t h o d s fo r
t h e developm en t a n d com m u n ica t ion t o em -
ploy ees of t h e va r iou s pla n s, wor k r u les,
st a n da r d oper a t in g pr ocedu r es a n d pr a ct ices
t h a t per t a in t o in dividu a l em ploy ees a n d su -
p e r v i s o r s ; (4) m e a n s fo r t h e t r a i n i n g o f s u p e r -
visor s a n d em ploy ees t o develop t h e n eeded
s k i l l s a n d k n o w l e d g e t o p e r fo r m t h e i r w o r k
i n a s a fe a n d h e a l t h fu l m a n n e r ; (5) m e a n s t o
a n t i c i p a t e a n d p r e p a r e fo r e m e r g e n c y s i t u a -
t i o n s ; a n d (6) m e a n s fo r o b t a i n i n g i n fo r m a -
t i o n fe e d b a c k t o a i d i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e p r o -
g r a m a n d fo r i m p r o v i n g t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f
t h e pr ogr a m . T h e m a n a gem en t a n d em ploy -
ees sh ou ld be t r y in g con t in u a lly t o im pr ove
t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p r o g r a m t h e r e b y e n -
h a n c i n g t h e p r o t e c t i o n b e i n g a ffo r d e d t h o s e
wor k in g on t h e sit e.
Acciden t s on t h e sit e or wor k pla ce sh ou ld
b e i n v e s t i g a t e d t o p r o v i d e i n fo r m a t i o n o n
h ow su ch occu r r en ces ca n be a voided in t h e
fu t u r e . Wh e n i n j u r i e s o r i l l n e s s e s o c c u r o n
t h e sit e or wor k pla ce, t h ey will n eed t o be
in vest iga t ed t o det er m in e wh a t n eeds t o be
d o n e t o p r e v e n t t h i s i n c i d e n t fr o m o c c u r r i n g
a g a i n . S u c h i n fo r m a t i o n w i l l n e e d t o b e u s e d
a s fe e d b a c k o n t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p r o -
g r a m a n d t h e i n fo r m a t i o n t u r n e d i n t o p o s i -
t ive st eps t o pr even t a n y r eoccu r r en ce. R e-
ceipt of em ploy ee su ggest ion s or com pla in t s
r e l a t i n g t o s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h i s s u e s i n v o l v e d
wit h sit e or wor k pla ce a ct ivit ies is a lso a
fe e d b a c k m e c h a n i s m t h a t c a n b e u s e d e ffe c -
t ively t o im pr ove t h e pr ogr a m a n d m a y ser ve
i n p a r t a s a n e v a l u a t i v e t o o l (s ).
F or t h e developm en t a n d im plem en t a t ion
o f t h e p r o g r a m t o b e t h e m o s t e ffe c t i v e , p r o -
fe s s i o n a l s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p e r s o n n e l s h o u l d
b e u s e d . Ce r t i fi e d S a fe t y P r o fe s s i o n a l s ,
B o a r d Ce r t i fi e d I n d u s t r i a l H y g i e n i s t s o r R e g -
i s t e r e d P r o fe s s i o n a l S a fe t y E n g i n e e r s a r e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
g o o d e x a m p l e s o f p r o fe s s i o n a l s t a t u r e fo r
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h m a n a g e r s w h o w i l l a d m i n -
i s t e r t h e e m p l o y e r ’s p r o g r a m .
2. T ra in in g. T h e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s fo r e m -
ploy ees su bject t o t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a -
g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s s t a n d a r d s h o u l d a d d r e s s : t h e
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s e m p l o y e e s s h o u l d
e x p e c t t o fi n d o n h a za r d o u s w a s t e c l e a n -u p
sit es; wh a t con t r ol m ea su r es or t ech n iqu es
a r e e ffe c t i v e fo r t h o s e h a za r d s ; w h a t m o n i -
t o r i n g p r o c e d u r e s a r e e ffe c t i v e i n c h a r a c t e r -
i zi n g e x p o s u r e l e v e l s ; w h a t m a k e s a n e ffe c -
t i v e e m p l o y e r ’s s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m ;
w h a t a s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n s h o u l d i n -
clu de; h a n ds on t r a in in g wit h per son a l pr o-
t ect ive equ ipm en t a n d clot h in g t h ey m a y be
e x p e c t e d t o u s e ; t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e OS H A
s t a n d a r d r e l e v a n t t o t h e e m p l o y e e ’s d u t i e s
a n d fu n c t i o n ; a n d , e m p l o y e e ’s r e s p o n s i b i l -
i t i e s u n d e r OS H A a n d o t h e r r e g u l a t i o n s . S u -
per visor s will n eed t r a in in g in t h eir r espon -
s i b i l i t i e s u n d e r t h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o -
gr a m a n d it s su bject a r ea s su ch a s t h e spill
con t a in m en t pr ogr a m , t h e per son a l pr ot ec-
t ive equ ipm en t pr ogr a m , t h e m edica l su r -
veilla n ce pr ogr a m , t h e em er gen cy r espon se
pla n a n d ot h er a r ea s.
T h e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s fo r e m p l o y e e s s u b -
j e c t t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (p ) o f
t h is st a n da r d sh ou ld a ddr ess: t h e em ploy er s
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p r o g r a m e l e m e n t s i m p a c t -
i n g e m p l o y e e s ; t h e h a za r d c o m m u n i c a t i o n
pr ogr a m ; t h e m edica l su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m ;
t h e h a za r d s a n d t h e c o n t r o l s fo r s u c h h a za r d s
t h a t e m p l o y e e s n e e d t o k n o w fo r t h e i r j o b
d u t i e s a n d fu n c t i o n s . A l l r e q u i r e a n n u a l r e -
fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g .
T h e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s fo r e m p l o y e e s c o v -
e r e d b y t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (q ) o f
t h is st a n da r d sh ou ld a ddr ess t h ose com -
p e t e n c i e s r e q u i r e d fo r t h e v a r i o u s l e v e l s o f
r e s p o n s e s u c h a s : t h e h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s ; h a za r d i d e n t i fi c a t i o n
a n d a w a r e n e s s ; n o t i fi c a t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e
p e r s o n s ; t h e n e e d fo r a n d u s e o f p e r s o n a l p r o -
t ect ive equ ipm en t in clu din g r espir a t or s; t h e
decon t a m in a t ion pr ocedu r es t o be u sed;
p r e p l a n n i n g a c t i v i t i e s fo r h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ce in ciden t s in clu din g t h e em er gen cy
r epon se pla n ; com pa n y st a n da r d oper a t in g
p r o c e d u r e s fo r h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e e m e r -
gen cy r espon ses; t h e u se of t h e in ciden t com -
m a n d s y s t e m a n d o t h e r s u b j e c t s . H a n d s -o n
t r a in in g sh ou ld be st r essed wh en ever pos-
s i b l e . Cr i t i q u e s d o n e a ft e r a n i n c i d e n t w h i c h
in clu de a n eva lu a t ion of wh a t wor k ed a n d
wh a t did n ot a n d h ow cou ld t h e in ciden t be
bet t er h a n dled t h e n ext t im e m a y be cou n t ed
a s t r a in in g t im e.
F o r h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s s p e c i a l i s t s (u s u -
a l l y m e m b e r s o f h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s t e a m s ),
t h e t r a in in g sh ou ld a ddr ess t h e ca r e, u se a n d/
or t est in g of ch em ica l pr ot ect ive clot h in g in -
clu din g t ot a lly en ca psu la t in g su it s, t h e m ed-
ica l su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m , t h e st a n da r d oper -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s fo r t h e h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s
398
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t ea m in clu din g t h e u se of plu ggin g a n d
pa t ch in g equ ipm en t a n d ot h er su bject a r ea s.
Offi c e r s a n d l e a d e r s w h o m a y b e e x p e c t e d
t o b e i n c h a r g e a t a n i n c i d e n t s h o u l d b e fu l l y
k n o w l e d g e a b l e o f t h e i r c o m p a n y ’s i n c i d e n t
com m a n d sy st em . T h ey sh ou ld k n ow wh er e
a n d h ow t o obt a in a ddit ion a l a ssist a n ce a n d
b e fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e l o c a l d i s t r i c t ’s e m e r -
gen cy r espon se pla n a n d t h e st a t e em er gen cy
r espon se pla n .
S pecia list em ploy ees su ch a s t ech n ica l ex-
per t s, m edica l exper t s or en vir on m en t a l ex-
p e r t s t h a t w o r k w i t h h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s i n
t h eir r egu la r jobs, wh o m a y be sen t t o t h e
i n c i d e n t s c e n e b y t h e s h i p p e r , m a n u fa c t u r e r
or gover n m en t a l a gen cy t o a dvise a n d a ssist
t h e per son in ch a r ge of t h e in ciden t sh ou ld
h a ve t r a in in g on a n a n n u a l ba sis. T h eir
t r a in in g sh ou ld in clu de t h e ca r e a n d u se of
per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t in clu din g r es-
pir a t or s; k n owledge of t h e in ciden t com -
m a n d sy st em a n d h ow t h ey a r e t o r ela t e t o
it ; a n d t h ose a r ea s n eeded t o k eep t h em cu r -
r e n t i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e fi e l d a s i t r e l a t e s t o
s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h i n v o l v i n g s p e c i fi c h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ces.
T h ose sk illed su ppor t per son n el, su ch a s
e m p l o y e e s w h o w o r k fo r p u b l i c w o r k s d e p a r t -
m en t s or equ ipm en t oper a t or s wh o oper a t e
b u l l d o ze r s , s a n d t r u c k s , b a c k h o e s , e t c ., w h o
m a y be ca lled t o t h e in ciden t scen e t o pr o-
vide em er gen cy su ppor t a ssist a n ce, sh ou ld
h a v e a t l e a s t a s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h b r i e fi n g b e -
fo r e e n t e r i n g t h e a r e a o f p o t e n t i a l o r a c t u a l
exposu r e. T h ese sk illed su ppor t per son n el,
wh o h a ve n ot been a pa r t of t h e em er gen cy
r espon se pla n a n d do n ot m eet t h e t r a in in g
r equ ir em en t s, sh ou ld be m a de a wa r e of t h e
h a za r d s t h e y fa c e a n d s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d a l l
n ecessa r y pr ot ect ive clot h in g a n d equ ipm en t
r e q u i r e d fo r t h e i r t a s k s .
T h er e a r e t wo Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion As-
s o c i a t i o n s t a n d a r d s , N F P A 472—‘‘S t a n d a r d
fo r P r o fe s s i o n a l Co m p e t e n c e o f R e s p o n d e r s
t o H a za r d o u s M a t e r i a l I n c i d e n t s ’’ a n d N F P A
471—‘‘R e c o m m e n d e d P r a c t i c e fo r R e s p o n d i n g
t o H a za r d o u s M a t e r i a l I n c i d e n t s ’’, w h i c h a r e
e x c e l l e n t r e s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s t o a i d fi r e d e -
pa r t m en t s a n d ot h er em er gen cy r espon se or -
g a n i za t i o n s i n d e v e l o p i n g t h e i r t r a i n i n g p r o -
g r a m m a t e r i a l s . N F P A 472 p r o v i d e s g u i d a n c e
o n t h e s k i l l s a n d k n o w l e d g e n e e d e d fo r fi r s t
r e s p o n d e r a w a r e n e s s l e v e l , fi r s t r e s p o n d e r
o p e r a t i o n s l e v e l , h a zm a t t e c h n i c i a n s , a n d
h a zm a t s p e c i a l i s t . I t a l s o o ffe r s g u i d a n c e fo r
t h e o ffi c e r c o r p w h o w i l l b e i n c h a r g e o f h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ce in ciden t s.
3. D econ t a m in a t ion . D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o -
c e d u r e s s h o u l d b e t a i l o r e d t o t h e s p e c i fi c
h a za r d s o f t h e s i t e , a n d m a y v a r y i n c o m -
plexit y a n d n u m ber of st eps, depen din g on
t h e l e v e l o f h a za r d a n d t h e e m p l o y e e ’s e x p o -
s u r e t o t h e h a za r d . D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e -
du r es a n d P P E decon t a m in a t ion m et h ods
w i l l v a r y d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e s p e c i fi c s u b -
st a n ce, sin ce on e pr ocedu r e or m et h od m a y
n o t w o r k fo r a l l s u b s t a n c e s . E v a l u a t i o n o f
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
decon t a m in a t ion m et h ods a n d pr ocedu r es
s h o u l d b e p e r fo r m e d , a s n e c e s s a r y , t o a s s u r e
t h a t e m p l o y e e s a r e n o t e x p o s e d t o h a za r d s
b y r e -u s i n g P P E . R e fe r e n c e s i n a p p e n d i x D
m a y b e u s e d fo r g u i d a n c e i n e s t a b l i s h i n g a n
e ffe c t i v e d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o g r a m . I n a d d i -
t i o n , t h e U .S . Co a s t G u a r d ’s M a n u a l , ‘‘P o l i c y
G u i d a n c e fo r R e s p o n s e t o H a za r d o u s Ch e m -
i c a l R e l e a s e s ,’’ U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r -
t a t ion , Wa s h i n g t o n , DC (COM D T I N S T
M 16465.30) i s a g o o d r e fe r e n c e fo r e s t a b l i s h i n g
a n e ffe c t i v e d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o g r a m .
4. E m ergen cy resp on se p la n s. S t a t e s , a l o n g
wit h design a t ed dist r ict s wit h in t h e st a t es,
will be developin g or h a ve developed loca l
em er gen cy r espon se pla n s. T h ese st a t e a n d
d i s t r i c t p l a n s s h o u l d b e u t i l i ze d i n t h e e m e r -
g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n s c a l l e d fo r i n t h e s t a n d -
a r d. E a ch em ploy er sh ou ld a ssu r e t h a t it s
em er gen cy r espon se pla n is com pa t ible wit h
t h e l o c a l p l a n . T h e m a j o r r e fe r e n c e b e i n g
u sed t o a id in developin g t h e st a t e a n d loca l
d i s t r i c t p l a n s i s t h e H a z a rd ou s M a t eria ls
E m ergen cy P la n n in g Gu id e, N R T –1. T h e c u r -
r e n t E m e r g e n c y R e s p o n s e G u i d e b o o k fr o m
t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ,
CM A ’s CH E M T R E C a n d t h e F i r e S e r v i c e
E m er gen cy Ma n a gem en t Ha n dbook m a y a lso
be u sed a s r esou r ces.
E m ploy er s in volved wit h t r ea t m en t , st or -
a g e , a n d d i s p o s a l fa c i l i t i e s fo r h a za r d o u s
wa st e, wh ich h a ve t h e r equ ir ed con t in gen cy
p l a n c a l l e d fo r b y t h e i r p e r m i t , w o u l d n o t
n eed t o du plica t e t h e sa m e pla n n in g ele-
m en t s. T h ose it em s of t h e em er gen cy r e-
spon se pla n t h a t a r e pr oper ly a ddr essed in
t h e con t in gen cy pla n m a y be su bst it u t ed
in t o t h e em er gen cy r espon se pla n r equ ir ed in
1910.120 o r o t h e r w i s e k e p t t o g e t h e r fo r e m -
ploy er a n d em ploy ee u se.
5. P erson a l p rot ect iv e equ ip m en t p rogra m s.
T h e pu r pose of per son a l pr ot ect ive clot h in g
a n d e q u i p m e n t (P P E ) i s t o s h i e l d o r i s o l a t e
i n d i v i d u a l s fr o m t h e c h e m i c a l , p h y s i c a l , a n d
b i o l o g i c h a za r d s t h a t m a y b e e n c o u n t e r e d a t
a h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s i t e .
As discu ssed in a ppen dix B, n o sin gle com -
bin a t ion of pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t a n d clot h -
i n g i s c a p a b l e o f p r o t e c t i n g a g a i n s t a l l h a z-
a r ds. T h u s P P E sh ou ld be u sed in con ju n c-
t ion wit h ot h er pr ot ect ive m et h ods a n d it s
e ffe c t i v e n e s s e v a l u a t e d p e r i o d i c a l l y .
T h e u s e o f P P E c a n i t s e l f c r e a t e s i g n i fi c a n t
w o r k e r h a za r d s , s u c h a s h e a t s t r e s s , p h y s i c a l
a n d psy ch ologica l st r ess, a n d im pa ir ed vi-
sion , m obilit y , a n d com m u n ica t ion . F or a n y
given sit u a t ion , equ ipm en t a n d clot h in g
sh ou ld be select ed t h a t pr ovide a n a dequ a t e
l e v e l o f p r o t e c t i o n . H o w e v e r , o v e r -p r o t e c -
t i o n , a s w e l l a s u n d e r -p r o t e c t i o n , c a n b e h a z-
a r dou s a n d sh ou ld be a voided wh er e possible.
T wo ba sic object ives of a n y P P E pr ogr a m
s h o u l d b e t o p r o t e c t t h e w e a r e r fr o m s a fe t y
a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s , a n d t o p r e v e n t i n j u r y t o
t h e w e a r e r fr o m i n c o r r e c t u s e a n d /o r m a l -
fu n c t i o n o f t h e P P E . T o a c c o m p l i s h t h e s e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
goa ls, a com pr eh en sive P P E pr ogr a m sh ou ld
399
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00409 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
i n c l u d e h a za r d i d e n t i fi c a t i o n , m e d i c a l m o n i -
t or in g, en vir on m en t a l su r veilla n ce, selec-
t ion , u se, m a in t en a n ce, a n d decon t a m in a t ion
of P P E a n d it s a ssocia t ed t r a in in g.
T h e wr it t en P P E pr ogr a m sh ou ld in clu de
policy st a t em en t s, pr ocedu r es, a n d gu ide-
l i n e s . Co p i e s s h o u l d b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o a l l
e m p l o y e e s , a n d a r e fe r e n c e c o p y s h o u l d b e
m a de a va ila ble a t t h e wor k sit e. T ech n ica l
da t a on equ ipm en t , m a in t en a n ce m a n u a ls,
r eleva n t r egu la t ion s, a n d ot h er essen t ia l in -
fo r m a t i o n s h o u l d a l s o b e c o l l e c t e d a n d m a i n -
t a in ed.
6. I n cid en t com m a n d sy st em (I CS ). P a r a g r a p h
1910.120(q )(3)(i i ) r e q u i r e s t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n
o f a n I CS . T h e I CS i s a n o r g a n i ze d a p p r o a c h
t o e ffe c t i v e l y c o n t r o l a n d m a n a ge o p e r a t i o n s
a t a n em er gen cy in ciden t . T h e in dividu a l in
c h a r g e o f t h e I CS i s t h e s e n i o r o ffi c i a l r e -
s p o n d i n g t o t h e i n c i d e n t . T h e I CS i s n o t
m u c h d i ffe r e n t t h a n t h e ‘‘c o m m a n d p o s t ’’ a p -
p r o a c h u s e d fo r m a n y y e a r s b y t h e fi r e s e r v -
i c e . D u r i n g l a r g e c o m p l e x fi r e s i n v o l v i n g s e v -
er a l com pa n ies a n d m a n y pieces of a ppa -
r a t u s, a com m a n d post wou ld be est a blish ed.
T h i s e n a b l e d on e i n d i v i d u a l t o b e i n c h a r g e o f
m a n a gin g t h e in ciden t , r a t h er t h a n h a vin g
s e v e r a l o ffi c e r s fr o m d i ffe r e n t c o m p a n i e s
m a k i n g s e p a r a t e , a n d s o m e t i m e s c o n fl i c t i n g ,
decision s. T h e in dividu a l in ch a r ge of t h e
com m a n d post wou ld delega t e r espon sibilit y
fo r p e r fo r m i n g v a r i o u s t a s k s t o s u b o r d i n a t e
o ffi c e r s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , a l l c o m m u n i c a t i o n s
wer e r ou t ed t h r ou gh t h e com m a n d post t o
r edu ce t h e n u m ber of r a dio t r a n sm ission s
a n d e l i m i n a t e c o n fu s i o n . H o w e v e r , s t r a t e g y ,
t a ct ics, a n d a ll decision s wer e m a de by on e
in dividu a l.
T h e I CS i s a v e r y s i m i l a r s y s t e m , e x c e p t i t
i s i m p l e m e n t e d fo r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e t o
a ll in ciden t s, bot h la r ge a n d sm a ll, t h a t in -
v o l v e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s .
F or a sm a ll in ciden t , t h e in dividu a l in
c h a r g e o f t h e I CS m a y p e r fo r m m a n y t a s k s
o f t h e I CS . T h e r e m a y n o t b e a n y , o r l i t t l e ,
delega t ion of t a sk s t o su bor din a t es. F or ex-
a m ple, in r espon se t o a sm a ll in ciden t , t h e
i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e I CS , i n a d d i t i o n
t o n or m a l com m a n d a ct ivit ies, m a y becom e
t h e s a fe t y o ffi c e r a n d m a y d e s i g n a t e o n l y
o n e e m p l o y e e (w i t h p r o p e r e q u i p m e n t ) a s a
b a c k -u p t o p r o v i d e a s s i s t a n c e i f n e e d e d .
OS H A d o e s r e c o m m e n d , h o w e v e r , t h a t a t
lea st t wo em ploy ees be design a t ed a s ba ck -
u p per son n el sin ce t h e a ssist a n ce n eeded
m a y in clu de r escu e.
T o i l l u s t r a t e t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e I CS , t h e
fo l l o w i n g s c e n a r i o m i g h t d e v e l o p d u r i n g a
sm a ll in ciden t , su ch a s a n over t u r n ed t a n k
t r u c k w i t h a s m a l l l e a k o f fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d .
T h e fi r s t r e s p o n d i n g s e n i o r o ffi c e r w o u l d
i m p l e m e n t a n d t a k e c o m m a n d o f t h e I CS .
T h a t p e r s o n w o u l d s i ze -u p t h e i n c i d e n t a n d
det er m in e if a ddit ion a l per son n el a n d a ppa -
r a t u s wer e n ecessa r y ; wou ld det er m in e wh a t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
a ct ion s t o t a k e t o con t r ol t h e lea k ; a n d, de-
t er m in e t h e pr oper level of per son a l pr ot ec-
t ive equ ipm en t . If a ddit ion a l a ssist a n ce is
n ot n eeded, t h e in dividu a l in ch a r ge of t h e
I CS w o u l d i m p l e m e n t a c t i o n s t o s t o p a n d
c o n t r o l t h e l e a k u s i n g t h e fe w e s t n u m b e r o f
p e r s o n n e l t h a t c a n e ffe c t i v e l y a c c o m p l i s h
t h e t a sk s. T h e in dividu a l in ch a r ge of t h e
I CS t h e n w o u l d d e s i g n a t e h i m s e l f a s t h e s a fe -
t y o ffi c e r a n d t w o o t h e r e m p l o y e e s a s a
b a c k -u p i n c a s e r e s c u e m a y b e c o m e n e c -
essa r y . In t h is scen a r io, decon t a m in a t ion
pr ocedu r es wou ld n ot be n ecessa r y .
A la r ge com plex in ciden t m a y r equ ir e
m a n y e m p l o y e e s a n d d i ffi c u l t , t i m e -c o n -
s u m i n g e ffo r t s t o c o n t r o l . I n t h e s e s i t u a -
t i o n s , t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e I CS w i l l
w a n t t o d e l e g a t e d i ffe r e n t t a s k s t o s u b o r d i -
n a t es in or der t o m a in t a in a spa n of con t r ol
t h a t will k eep t h e n u m ber of su bor din a t es,
t h a t a r e r epor t in g, t o a m a n a gea ble level.
Delega t ion of t a sk a t la r ge in ciden t s m a y
be by loca t ion , wh er e t h e in ciden t scen e is
d i v i d e d i n t o s e c t o r s , a n d s u b o r d i n a t e o ffi c e r s
coor din a t e a ct ivit ies wit h in t h e sect or t h a t
t h ey h a ve been a ssign ed.
D e l e g a t i o n o f t a s k s c a n a l s o b e b y fu n c -
t i o n . S o m e o f t h e fu n c t i o n s t h a t t h e i n d i -
v i d u a l i n c h a r g e o f t h e I CS m a y w a n t t o d e l -
ega t e a t a la r ge in ciden t a r e: m edica l ser v-
ices; eva cu a t ion ; wa t er su pply ; r esou r ces
(e q u i p m e n t , a p p a r a t u s ); m e d i a r e l a t i o n s ;
s a fe t y ; a n d , s i t e c o n t r o l (i n t e g r a t e a c t i v i t i e s
w i t h p o l i c e fo r c r o w d a n d t r a ffi c c o n t r o l ).
A l s o fo r a l a r g e i n c i d e n t , t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n
c h a r g e o f t h e I CS w i l l d e s i g n a t e s e v e r a l e m -
p l o y e e s a s b a c k -u p p e r s o n n e l ; a n d a n u m b e r
o f s a fe t y o ffi c e r s t o m o n i t o r c o n d i t i o n s a n d
r e c o m m e n d s a fe t y p r e c a u t i o n s .
T h e r e fo r e , n o m a t t e r w h a t s i ze o r c o m -
plexit y a n in ciden t m a y be, by im plem en t in g
a n I CS t h e r e w i l l b e on e in d iv id u a l in ch a rge
wh o m a k es t h e decision s a n d gives dir ec-
t ion s; a n d, a ll a ct ion s, a n d com m u n ica t ion s
a r e coor din a t ed t h r ou gh on e cen t r a l poin t of
com m a n d. S u ch a sy st em sh ou ld r edu ce con -
fu s i o n , i m p r o v e s a fe t y , o r g a n i ze a n d c o o r d i -
n a t e a c t i o n s , a n d s h o u l d fa c i l i t a t e e ffe c t i v e
m a n a gem en t of t h e in ciden t .
7. S it e S a f et y a n d Con t rol P la n s. T h e s a fe t y
a n d secu r it y of r espon se per son n el a n d ot h -
er s in t h e a r ea of a n em er gen y r espon se in ci-
den t sit e sh ou ld be of pr im a r y con cer n t o t h e
i n c i d e n t c o m m a n d e r . T h e u s e o f a s i t e s a fe t y
a n d con t r ol pla n cou ld gr ea t ly a ssist t h ose in
c h a r g e o f a s s u r i n g t h e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h o f
em ploy ees on t h e sit e.
A c o m p r e h e n s i v e s i t e s a fe t y a n d c o n t r o l
p l a n s h o u l d i n c l u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g : s u m m a r y
a n a l y s i s o f h a za r d s o n t h e s i t e a n d a r i s k
a n a l y s i s o f t h o s e h a za r d s ; s i t e m a p o r
s k e t c h ; s i t e w o r k zo n e s (c l e a n zo n e , t r a n s i -
t i o n o r d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n zo n e , w o r k o r h o t
zo n e ); u s e o f t h e b u d d y s y s t e m ; s i t e c o m m u -
n ica t ion s; com m a n d post or com m a n d cen -
t e r ; s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s a n d s a fe
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wor k pr a ct ices; m edica l a ssist a n ce a n d
400
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00410 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t r i a g e a r e a ; h a za r d m o n i t o r i n g p l a n (a i r c o n -
t a m i n a t e m o n i t o r i n g , e t c .); d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n
pr ocedu r es a n d a r ea ; a n d ot h er r eleva n t
a r ea s. T h is pla n sh ou ld be a pa r t of t h e em -
p l o y e r ’s e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n o r a n e x -
t e n s i o n o f i t t o t h e s p e c i fi c s i t e .
8. M ed ica l su rv eilla n ce p rogra m s. Wo r k e r s
h a n d l i n g h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s m a y b e e x -
p o s e d t o t o x i c c h e m i c a l s , s a fe t y h a za r d s , b i o -
l o g i c h a za r d s , a n d r a d i a t i o n . T h e r e fo r e , a
m edica l su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m is essen t ia l t o
a s s e s s a n d m o n i t o r w o r k e r s ’ h e a l t h a n d fi t -
n e s s fo r e m p l o y m e n t i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p -
er a t ion s a n d du r in g t h e cou r se of wor k ; t o
pr ovide em er gen cy a n d ot h er t r ea t m en t a s
n e e d e d ; a n d t o k e e p a c c u r a t e r e c o r d s fo r fu -
t u r e r e fe r e n c e .
T h e O ccu p a t ion a l S a f et y a n d H ea lt h Gu id -
a n ce M a n u a l f or H a z a rd ou s W a st e S it e A ct iv i-
t ies d e v e l o p e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h (N I OS H ),
t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A d m i n -
i s t r a t i o n (OS H A ), t h e U .S . Co a s t G u a r d
(U S CG ), a n d t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n
A g e n c y (E P A ); Oc t o b e r 1985 p r o v i d e s a n e x -
cellen t exa m ple of t h e t y pes of m edica l t est -
in g t h a t sh ou ld be don e a s pa r t of a m edica l
su r veilla n ce pr ogr a m .
9. N ew T ech n ology a n d S p ill Con t a in m en t
P rogra m s. Wh e r e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s m a y
b e r e l e a s e d b y s p i l l i n g fr o m a c o n t a i n e r t h a t
w i l l e x p o s e e m p l o y e e s t o t h e h a za r d s o f t h e
m a t er ia ls, t h e em ploy er will n eed t o im ple-
m en t a pr ogr a m t o con t a in a n d con t r ol t h e
spilled m a t er ia l. Dik in g a n d dit ch in g, a s well
a s u se of a bsor ben t s lik e dia t om a ceou s
ea r t h , a r e t r a dit ion a l t ech n iqu es wh ich h a ve
p r o v e n t o b e e ffe c t i v e o v e r t h e y e a r s . H o w -
ever , in r ecen t y ea r s n ew pr odu ct s h a ve com e
in t o t h e m a r k et pla ce, t h e u se of wh ich com -
p l e m e n t a n d i n c r e a s e t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f
t h ese t r a dit ion a l m et h ods. T h ese n ew pr od-
u ct s a lso pr ovide em er gen cy r espon der s a n d
ot h er s wit h a ddit ion a l t ools or a gen t s t o u se
t o r e d u c e t h e h a za r d s o f s p i l l e d m a t e r i a l s .
T h ese a gen t s ca n be r a pidly a pplied over a
l a r g e a r e a a n d c a n b e u n i fo r m l y a p p l i e d o r
ot h er wise ca n be u sed t o bu ild a sm a ll da m ,
t h u s im pr ovin g t h e wor k er s’ a bilit y t o con -
t r ol spilled m a t er ia l. T h ese a pplica t ion t ech -
n iqu es en h a n ce t h e in t im a t e con t a ct be-
t ween t h e a gen t a n d t h e spilled m a t er ia l a l-
l o w i n g fo r t h e q u i c k e s t e ffe c t b y t h e a g e n t o r
qu ick est con t r ol of t h e spilled m a t er ia l.
A g e n t s a r e a v a i l a b l e t o s o l i d i fy l i q u i d s p i l l e d
m a t e r i a l s , t o s u p p r e s s v a p o r g e n e r a t i o n fr o m
spilled m a t er ia ls, a n d t o do bot h . S om e spe-
cia l a gen t s, wh ich wh en a pplied a s r ec-
o m m e n d e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r , w i l l r e a c t
in a con t r olled m a n n er wit h t h e spilled m a -
t e r i a l t o n e u t r a l i ze a c i d s o r c a u s t i c s , o r
g r e a t l y r e d u c e t h e l e v e l o f h a za r d o f t h e
spilled m a t er ia l.
T h er e a r e sever a l m oder n m et h ods a n d de-
v i c e s fo r u s e b y e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p e r -
son n el or ot h er s in volved wit h spill con t r ol
e ffo r t s t o s a fe l y a p p l y s p i l l c o n t r o l a g e n t s t o
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
c o n t r o l s p i l l e d m a t e r i a l h a za r d s . T h e s e i n -
c l u d e p o r t a b l e p r e s s u r i ze d a p p l i c a t o r s s i m i -
l a r t o h a n d -h e l d p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h i n g
d e v i c e s , a n d n o zzl e a n d h o s e s y s t e m s s i m i l a r
t o p o r t a b l e fi r e fi g h t i n g fo a m s y s t e m s w h i c h
a llow t h e oper a t or t o a pply t h e a gen t wit h -
ou t h a vin g t o com e in t o con t a ct wit h t h e
spilled m a t er ia l. T h e oper a t or is a ble t o
a p p l y t h e a g e n t t o t h e s p i l l e d m a t e r i a l fr o m
a r em ot e posit ion .
T h e s o l i d i fi c a t i o n o f l i q u i d s p r o v i d e s fo r
r a p i d c o n t a i n m e n t a n d i s o l a t i o n o f h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ce spills. By dir ect in g t h e
a g e n t a t r u n -o ff p o i n t s o r a t t h e e d g e s o f t h e
spill, t h e r ea ct a n t solid will a u t om a t ica lly
cr ea t e a ba r r ier t o slow or st op t h e spr ea d of
t h e m a t e r i a l . Cl e a n -u p o f h a za r d o u s s u b -
s t a n c e s i s g r e a t l y i m p r o v e d w h e n s o l i d i fy i n g
a g e n t s , a c i d o r c a u s t i c n e u t r a l i ze r s , o r a c t i -
va t ed ca r bon a dsor ben t s a r e u sed. P r oper ly
a p p l i e d , t h e s e a g e n t s c a n t o t a l l y s o l i d i fy l i q -
u i d h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s o r n e u t r a l i ze o r a b -
sor b t h em , wh ich r esu lt s in m a t er ia ls wh ich
a r e l e s s h a za r d o u s a n d e a s i e r t o h a n d l e ,
t r a n s p o r t , a n d d i s p o s e o f. T h e c o n c e p t o f
s p i l l t r e a t m e n t , t o c r e a t e l e s s h a za r d o u s s u b -
s t a n c e s , w i l l i m p r o v e t h e s a fe t y a n d l e v e l o f
pr ot ect ion of em ploy ees wor k in g a t spill
c l e a n -u p o p e r a t i o n s o r e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e
o p e r a t i o n s t o s p i l l s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s .
T h e u s e o f v a p o r s u p p r e s s i o n a g e n t s fo r
v o l a t i l e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s , s u c h a s fl a m -
m a ble liqu ids a n d t h ose su bst a n ces wh ich
p r e s e n t a n i n h a l a t i o n h a za r d , i s i m p o r t a n t
fo r p r o t e c t i n g w o r k e r s . T h e r a p i d a n d u n i -
fo r m d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e a g e n t o v e r t h e s u r -
fa c e o f t h e s p i l l e d m a t e r i a l c a n p r o v i d e q u i c k
va por k n ock down . T h er e a r e t em por a r y a n d
l o n g -t e r m fo a m -t y p e a g e n t s w h i c h a r e e ffe c -
t ive on va por s a n d du st s, a n d a ct iva t ed ca r -
b o n a d s o r p t i o n a g e n t s w h i c h a r e e ffe c t i v e fo r
v a p o r c o n t r o l a n d s o a k i n g -u p o f t h e l i q u i d .
T h e p r o p e r u s e o f h o s e l i n e s o r h a n d -h e l d
p o r t a b l e p r e s s u r i ze d a p p l i c a t o r s p r o v i d e s
good m obilit y a n d per m it s t h e wor k er t o de-
l i v e r t h e a g e n t fr o m a s a fe d i s t a n c e w i t h o u t
h a vin g t o st ep in t o t h e u n t r ea t ed spilled m a -
t er ia l. S om e of t h ese sy st em s ca n be r e-
c h a r g e d i n t h e fi e l d t o p r o v i d e c o v e r a g e o f
la r ger spill a r ea s t h a n t h e design lim it s of a
sin gle ch a r ged a pplica t or u n it . S om e of t h e
m o r e e ffe c t i v e a g e n t s c a n s o l i d i fy t h e l i q u i d
fl a m m a b l e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s a n d a t t h e
s a m e t i m e e l e v a t e t h e fl a s h p o i n t a b o v e 140
°F s o t h e r e s u l t i n g s u b s t a n c e m a y b e h a n d l e d
a s a n o n h a za r d o u s w a s t e m a t e r i a l i f i t m e e t s
t h e U .S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ’s
40 CF R p a r t 261 r e q u i r e m e n t s (S e e p a r t i c u -
l a r l y § 261.21).
A l l w o r k e r s p e r fo r m i n g h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ce spill con t r ol wor k a r e expect ed t o
wea r t h e pr oper pr ot ect ive clot h in g a n d
e q u i p m e n t fo r t h e m a t e r i a l s p r e s e n t a n d t o
fo l l o w t h e e m p l o y e r ’s e s t a b l i s h e d s t a n d a r d
o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s fo r s p i l l c o n t r o l . A l l i n -
volved wor k er s n eed t o be t r a in ed in t h e es-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t a blish ed oper a t in g pr ocedu r es; in t h e u se
401
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00411 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
a n d ca r e of spill con t r ol equ ipm en t ; a n d in
t h e a s s o c i a t e d h a za r d s a n d c o n t r o l o f s u c h
h a za r d s o f s p i l l c o n t a i n m e n t w o r k .
T h ese n ew t ools a n d a gen t s a r e t h e t h in gs
t h a t em ploy er s will wa n t t o eva lu a t e a s pa r t
of t h eir n ew t ech n ology pr ogr a m . T h e t r ea t -
m e n t o f s p i l l s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s o r
wa st es a t a n em er gen cy in ciden t a s pa r t of
t h e im m edia t e spill con t a in m en t a n d con t r ol
e ffo r t s i s s o m e t i m e s a c c e p t a b l e t o E P A a n d a
p e r m i t e x c e p t i o n i s d e s c r i b e d i n 40 CF R
264.1(g )(8) a n d 265.1(c )(11).
A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.120—R E F E R E N CE S
T h e fo l l o w i n g r e fe r e n c e s m a y b e c o n s u l t e d
fo r fu r t h e r i n fo r m a t i o n o n t h e s u b j e c t o f t h i s
st a n da r d:
1. OS H A I n s t r u c t i o n D F O CP L 2.70—J a n u -
a r y 29, 1986, S p ecia l E m p h a sis P rogra m : H a z -
a rd ou s W a st e S it es.
2. OS H A I n s t r u c t i o n D F O CP L 2–2.37A —
J a n u a r y 29, 1986, T ech n ica l A ssist a n ce a n d
Gu id elin es f or S u p erf u n d a n d O t h er H a z a rd ou s
W a st e S it e A ct iv it ies.
3. OS H A I n s t r u c t i o n D T S CP L 2.74—J a n u -
a r y 29, 1986, H a z a rd ou s W a st e A ct iv it y F orm ,
O S H A 175.
4. H a z a rd ou s W a st e I n sp ect ion s R ef eren ce
M a n u a l, U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
1986.
5. M e m o r a n d u m o f U n d e r s t a n d i n g A m o n g
t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe -
t y a n d H e a l t h , t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d
Hea lt h Adm in ist r a t ion , t h e Un it ed S t a t es
Co a s t G u a r d , a n d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s E n v i r o n -
m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y , Gu id a n ce f or
W ork er P rot ect ion D u rin g H a z a rd ou s W a st e S it e
I n v est iga t ion s a n d Clea n -u p a n d H a z a rd ou s
S u bst a n ce E m ergen cies. D e c e m b e r 18, 1980.
6. N a t ion a l P riorit ies L ist , 1s t E d i t i o n , Oc t o -
b e r 1984; U .S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n
Agen cy , R evised per iodica lly .
7. T h e D econ t a m in a t ion of R esp on se P er-
son n el, F i e l d S t a n d a r d Op e r a t i n g P r o c e d u r e s
(F .S .O.P .) 7; U .S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n
A g e n c y , Offi c e o f E m e r g e n c y a n d R e m e d i a l
R e s p o n s e , H a za r d o u s R e s p o n s e S u p p o r t D i v i -
s i o n , D e c e m b e r 1984.
8. P rep a ra t ion of a S it e S a f et y P la n , F i e l d
S t a n d a r d Op e r a t i n g P r o c e d u r e s (F .S .O.P .) 9;
U .S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y , Of-
fi c e o f E m e r g e n c y a n d R e m e d i a l R e s p o n s e ,
H a za r d o u s R e s p o n s e S u p p o r t D i v i s i o n , A p r i l
1985.
9. S t a n d a rd O p era t in g S a f et y Gu id elin es; U .S .
E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y , Offi c e o f
E m e r g e n c y a n d R e m e d i a l R e s p o n s e , H a z-
a r dou s R espon se S u ppor t Division , E n vir on -
m e n t a l R e s p o n s e T e a m ; N o v e m b e r 1984.
10. O ccu p a t ion a l S a f et y a n d H ea lt h Gu id a n ce
M a n u a l f or H a z a rd ou s W a st e S it e A ct iv it ies,
N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y
a n d H e a l t h (N I OS H ), Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y
a n d H e a l t h A d m i n i s t r a t i o n (OS H A ), U .S .
Co a s t G u a r d (U S CG ), a n d E n v i r o n m e n t a l
P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y (E P A ); Oc t o b e r 1985.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
11. P rot ect in g H ea lt h a n d S a f et y a t H a z -
a rd ou s W a st e S it es: A n O v erv iew , U .S . E n v i -
r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y , E P A /625/9–85/
006; S e p t e m b e r 1985.
12. H a z a rd ou s W a st e S it es a n d H a z a rd ou s
S u bst a n ce E m ergen cies, N I OS H Wo r k e r B u l -
l e t i n , U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n
S e r v i c e s , P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e , Ce n t e r s fo r
D i s e a s e Co n t r o l , N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u -
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h ; D e c e m b e r 1982.
13. P erson a l P rot ect iv e E qu ip m en t f or H a z -
a rd ou s M a t eria ls I n cid en t s: A S elect ion Gu id e;
U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v -
i c e s , P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e , Ce n t e r s fo r D i s -
e a s e Co n t r o l , N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h ; Oc t o b e r 1984.
14. F ire S erv ice E m ergen cy M a n a gem en t
H a n d book , I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f F i r e
Ch i e fs F o u n d a t i o n , 101 E a s t H o l l y A v e n u e ,
U n i t 10B , S t e r l i n g , V A 22170, J a n u a r y 1985.
15. E m ergen cy R esp on se Gu id ebook , U .S D e -
p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , Wa s h i n g t o n ,
D C, 1987.
16. R ep ort t o t h e Con gress on H a z a rd ou s M a -
t eria ls T ra in in g, P la n n in g a n d P rep a red n ess,
F eder a l E m er gen cy Ma n a gem en t Agen cy ,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D C, J u l y 1986.
17. W ork book f or F ire Com m a n d , A l a n V .
Br u n a cin i a n d J . Da vid Bea ger on , Na t ion a l
F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion , Ba t t er y m a r ch
P a r k , Qu i n c y , M A 02269, 1985.
18. F ire Com m a n d , A l a n V . B r u n a c i n i , N a -
t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion ,
B a t t e r y m a r c h P a r k ,, Qu i n c y , M A 02269, 1985.
19. I n cid en t Com m a n d S y st em , F i r e P r o t e c -
t i o n P u b l i c a t i o n s , Ok l a h o m a S t a t e U n i v e r -
s i t y , S t i l l w a t e r , OK 74078, 1983.
20. S it e E m ergen cy R esp on se P la n n in g, Ch e m -
i c a l M a n u fa c t u r e r s A s s o c i a t i o n , Wa s h i n g t o n ,
D C 20037, 1986.
21. H a z a rd ou s M a t eria ls E m ergen cy P la n n in g
Gu id e, N R T –1, E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n
A g e n c y , Wa s h i n g t o n , D C, M a r c h 1987.
22. Com m u n it y T ea m w ork : W ork in g T oget h er
t o P rom ot e H a z a rd ou s M a t eria ls T ra n sp ort a t ion
S a f et y . U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D C, M a y 1983.
23. D isa st er P la n n in g Gu id e f or B u sin ess a n d
I n d u st ry , F e d e r a l E m e r g e n c y M a n a g e m e n t
A g e n c y , P u b l i c a t i o n N o . F E M A 141, A u g u s t
1987.
(T h e Offi c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t h a s
a p p r o v e d t h e i n fo r m a t i o n c o l l e c t i o n r e q u i r e -
m en t s in t h is sect ion u n der con t r ol n u m ber
1218–0139)
A P P E N D I X E T O § 1910.120—T R A I N I N G
C U R R I CU L U M G U I D E L I N E S
T h e fo l l o w i n g n o n -m a n d a t o r y g e n e r a l c r i -
t e r i a m a y b e u s e d fo r a s s i s t a n c e i n d e v e l -
o p i n g s i t e -s p e c i fi c t r a i n i n g c u r r i c u l u m u s e d
t o m e e t t h e t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910.120(e ); 29 CF R 1910.120(p )(7), (p )(8)(i i i );
a n d 29 CF R 1910.120(q )(6), (q )(7), a n d (q )(8).
T h ese a r e gen er ic gu idelin es a n d t h ey a r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
n ot pr esen t ed a s a com plet e t r a in in g cu r -
402
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00412 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
r i c u l u m fo r a n y s p e c i fi c e m p l o y e r . S i t e -s p e -
c i fi c t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s m u s t b e d e v e l o p e d o n
t h e b a s i s o f a n e e d s a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e h a z-
a r d o u s w a s t e s i t e , R CR A /T S D F , o r e m e r -
gen cy r espon se oper a t ion in a ccor da n ce wit h
29 CF R 1910.120.
It is n ot ed t h a t t h e lega l r equ ir em en t s a r e
s e t fo r t h i n t h e r e g u l a t o r y t e x t o f § 1910.120.
T h e g u i d a n c e s e t fo r t h h e r e p r e s e n t s a h i g h l y
e ffe c t i v e p r o g r a m t h a t i n t h e a r e a s c o v e r e d
wou ld m eet or exceed t h e r egu la t or y r equ ir e-
m en t s. In a ddit ion , ot h er a ppr oa ch es cou ld
m eet t h e r egu la t or y r equ ir em en t s.
S u ggest ed Gen era l Crit eria
D ef in it ion s:
‘‘Co m p e t e n t ’’ m e a n s p o s s e s s i n g t h e s k i l l s ,
k n owledge, exper ien ce, a n d ju dgm en t t o per -
fo r m a s s i g n e d t a s k s o r a c t i v i t i e s s a t i s fa c -
t or ily a s det er m in ed by t h e em ploy er .
‘‘D e m o n s t r a t i o n ’’ m e a n s t h e s h o w i n g b y
a ct u a l u se of equ ipm en t or pr ocedu r es.
‘‘H a n d s -o n t r a i n i n g ’’ m e a n s t r a i n i n g i n a
sim u la t ed wor k en vir on m en t t h a t per m it s
e a c h s t u d e n t t o h a v e e x p e r i e n c e p e r fo r m i n g
t a sk s, m a k in g decision s, or u sin g equ ipm en t
a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e j o b a s s i g n m e n t fo r w h i c h
t h e t r a in in g is bein g con du ct ed.
‘‘I n i t i a l t r a i n i n g ’’ m e a n s t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d
pr ior t o begin n in g wor k .
‘‘L e c t u r e ’’ m e a n s a n i n t e r a c t i v e d i s c o u r s e
wit h a cla ss lea d by a n in st r u ct or .
‘‘P r o fi c i e n t ’’ m e a n s m e e t i n g a s t a t e d l e v e l
of a ch ievem en t .
‘‘S i t e -s p e c i fi c ’’ m e a n s i n d i v i d u a l t r a i n i n g
d i r e c t e d t o t h e o p e r a t i o n s o f a s p e c i fi c j o b
sit e.
‘‘T r a i n i n g h o u r s ’’ m e a n s t h e n u m b e r o f
h ou r s devot ed t o lect u r e, lea r n in g a ct ivit ies,
sm a ll gr ou p wor k session s, dem on st r a t ion ,
e v a l u a t i o n s , o r h a n d s -o n e x p e r i e n c e .
S u ggest ed core crit eria :
1. T ra in in g f a cilit y . T h e t r a i n i n g fa c i l i t y
s h o u l d h a v e a v a i l a b l e s u ffi c i e n t r e s o u r c e s ,
e q u i p m e n t , a n d s i t e l o c a t i o n s t o p e r fo r m d i -
d a c t i c a n d h a n d s -o n t r a i n i n g w h e n a p p r o -
p r i a t e . T r a i n i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h o u l d h a v e s u ffi -
c i e n t o r g a n i za t i o n , s u p p o r t s t a ff, a n d s e r v -
ices t o con du ct t r a in in g in ea ch of t h e
c o u r s e s o ffe r e d .
2. T ra in in g D irect or. E a c h t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m
sh ou ld be u n der t h e dir ect ion of a t r a in in g
d i r e c t o r w h o i s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e p r o g r a m .
T h e T r a in in g Dir ect or sh ou ld h a ve a m in -
im u m of t wo y ea r s of em ploy ee edu ca t ion ex-
per ien ce.
3. I n st ru ct ors. I n s t r u c t o r s s h o u l d b e d e e m
com pet en t on t h e ba sis of pr eviou s docu -
m en t ed exper ien ce in t h eir a r ea of in st r u c-
t i o n , s u c c e s s fu l c o m p l e t i o n o f a ‘‘t r a i n -t h e -
t r a i n e r ’’ p r o g r a m s p e c i fi c t o t h e t o p i c s t h e y
will t ea ch , a n d a n eva lu a t ion of in st r u c-
t ion a l com pet en ce by t h e T r a in in g Dir ect or .
In st r u ct or s sh ou ld be r equ ir ed t o m a in t a in
p r o fe s s i o n a l c o m p e t e n c y b y p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
c o n t i n u i n g e d u c a t i o n o r p r o fe s s i o n a l d e v e l -
opm en t pr ogr a m s or by com plet in g su ccess-
fu l l y a n a n n u a l r e fr e s h e r c o u r s e a n d h a v i n g
a n a n n u a l r eview by t h e T r a in in g Dir ect or .
T h e a n n u a l r eview by t h e T r a in in g Dir ec-
t or sh ou ld in clu de obser va t ion of a n in st r u c-
t o r ’s d e l i v e r y , a r e v i e w o f t h o s e o b s e r v a t i o n s
wit h t h e t r a in er , a n d a n a n a ly sis of a n y in -
st r u ct or or cla ss eva lu a t ion s com plet ed by
t h e st u den t s du r in g t h e pr eviou s y ea r .
4. Cou rse m a t eria ls. T h e T r a i n i n g D i r e c t o r
sh ou ld a ppr ove a ll cou r se m a t er ia ls t o be
u s e d b y t h e t r a i n i n g p r o v i d e r . Co u r s e m a t e -
r ia ls sh ou ld be r eviewed a n d u pda t ed a t lea st
a n n u a lly . Ma t er ia ls a n d equ ipm en t sh ou ld be
in good wor k in g or der a n d m a in t a in ed pr op-
er ly .
A l l w r i t t e n a n d a u d i o -v i s u a l m a t e r i a l s i n
t r a in in g cu r r icu la sh ou ld be peer r eviewed by
t ech n ica lly com pet en t ou t side r eviewer s or
by a st a n din g a dvisor y com m it t ee.
R e v i e w s s h o u l d p o s s e s s e x p e r t i s e i n t h e fo l -
lowin g disciplin es wer e a pplica ble: occu pa -
t i o n a l h e a l t h , i n d u s t r i a l h y g i e n e a n d s a fe t y ,
c h e m i c a l /e n v i r o n m e n t a l e n g i n e e r i n g , e m -
ploy ee edu ca t ion , or em er gen cy r espon se.
On e o r m o r e o f t h e p e e r r e v i e w e r s s h o u l d b e
a n em ploy ee exper ien ced in t h e wor k a ct ivi-
t ies t o wh ich t h e t r a in in g is dir ect ed.
5. S t u d en t s. T h e p r o g r a m fo r a c c e p t i n g s t u -
den t s sh ou ld in clu de:
a . Assu r a n ce t h a t t h e st u den t is or will be
in volved in wor k wh er e ch em ica l exposu r es
a r e lik ely a n d t h a t t h e st u den t possesses t h e
s k i l l s n e c e s s a r y t o p e r fo r m t h e w o r k .
b. A policy on t h e n ecessa r y m edica l clea r -
a n ce.
6. R a t ios. S t u d e n t -i n s t r u c t o r r a t i o s s h o u l d
n o t e x c e e d 30 s t u d e n t s p e r i n s t r u c t o r . H a n d s -
on a ct ivit y r equ ir in g t h e u se of per son a l pr o-
t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t s h o u l d h a v e t h e fo l l o w i n g
s t u d e n t -i n s t r u c t o r r a t i o s . F o r L e v e l C o r
L evel D per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t t h e
r a t i o s h o u l d b e 10 s t u d e n t s p e r i n s t r u c t o r .
F or L evel A or L evel B per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t t h e r a t io sh ou ld be 5 st u den t s per
in st r u ct or .
7. P rof icien cy a ssessm en t . P r o fi c i e n c y s h o u l d
be eva lu a t ed a n d docu m en t ed by t h e u se of a
wr it t en a ssessm en t a n d a sk ill dem on st r a -
t ion select ed a n d developed by t h e T r a in in g
D i r e c t o r a n d t r a i n i n g s t a ff. T h e a s s e s s m e n t
a n d dem on st r a t ion sh ou ld eva lu a t e t h e
k n owledge a n d in dividu a l sk ills developed in
t h e cou r se of t r a in in g. T h e level of m in im u m
a c h i e v e m e n t n e c e s s a r y fo r p r o fi c i e n c y s h a l l
b e s p e c i fi e d i n w r i t i n g b y t h e T r a i n i n g D i r e c -
t or .
If a wr it t en t est is u sed, t h er e sh ou ld be a
m i n i m u m o f 50 q u e s t i o n s . I f a w r i t t e n t e s t i s
u sed in com bin a t ion wit h a sk ills dem on st r a -
t i o n , a m i n i m u m o f 25 q u e s t i o n s s h o u l d b e
u sed. If a sk ills dem on st r a t ion is u sed, t h e
t a sk s ch osen a n d t h e m ea n s t o r a t e su ccess-
fu l c o m p l e t i o n s h o u l d b e fu l l y d o c u m e n t e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
by t h e T r a in in g Dir ect or .
403
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00413 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
T h e con t en t of t h e wr it t en t est or of t h e
sk ill dem on st r a t ion sh a ll be r eleva n t t o t h e
object ives of t h e cou r se. T h e wr it t en t est
a n d sk ill dem on st r a t ion sh ou ld be u pda t ed a s
n e c e s s a r y t o r e fl e c t c h a n g e s i n t h e c u r -
r icu lu m a n d a n y u pda t e sh ou ld be a ppr oved
by t h e T r a in in g Dir ect or .
T h e p r o fi c i e n c y a s s e s s m e n t m e t h o d s , r e -
ga r dless of t h e a ppr oa ch or com bin a t ion of
a p p r o a c h e s u s e d , s h o u l d b e j u s t i fi e d , d o c u -
m en t ed a n d a ppr oved by t h e T r a in in g Dir ec-
t or .
T h e p r o fi c i e n c y o f t h o s e t a k i n g t h e a d d i -
t i o n a l c o u r s e s fo r s u p e r v i s o r s s h o u l d b e e v a l -
u a t e d a n d d o c u m e n t e d b y u s i n g p r o fi c i e n c y
a ssessm en t m et h ods a ccept a ble t o t h e T r a in -
i n g D i r e c t o r . T h e s e p r o fi c i e n c y a s s e s s m e n t
m e t h o d s m u s t r e fl e c t t h e a d d i t i o n a l r e s p o n -
sibilit ies bor n e by su per visor y per son n el in
h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s o r e m e r g e n c y r e -
spon se.
8. Cou rse cert if ica t e. Wr i t t e n d o c u m e n t a t i o n
sh ou ld be pr ovided t o ea ch st u den t wh o sa t -
i s fa c t o r i l y c o m p l e t e s t h e t r a i n i n g c o u r s e .
T h e docu m en t a t ion sh ou ld in clu de:
a . S t u d e n t ’s n a m e .
b . Co u r s e t i t l e .
c . Co u r s e d a t e .
d. S t a t em en t t h a t t h e st u den t h a s su ccess-
fu l l y c o m p l e t e d t h e c o u r s e .
e. Na m e a n d a ddr ess of t h e t r a in in g pr o-
vider .
f. A n i n d i v i d u a l i d e n t i fi c a t i o n n u m b e r fo r
t h e c e r t i fi c a t e .
g. L ist of t h e levels of per son a l pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t u sed by t h e st u den t t o com plet e
t h e cou r se.
T h i s d o c u m e n t a t i o n m a y i n c l u d e a c e r t i fi -
c a t e a n d a n a p p r o p r i a t e w a l l e t -s i ze d l a m i -
n a t ed ca r d wit h a ph ot ogr a ph of t h e st u den t
a n d t h e a b o v e i n fo r m a t i o n . Wh e n s u c h
c o u r s e c e r t i fi c a t e c a r d s a r e u s e d , t h e i n d i -
v i d u a l i d e n t i fi c a t i o n n u m b e r fo r t h e t r a i n i n g
c e r t i fi c a t e s h o u l d b e s h o w n o n t h e c a r d .
9. R ecord k eep in g. T r a i n i n g p r o v i d e r s s h o u l d
m a in t a in r ecor ds list in g t h e da t es cou r ses
wer e pr esen t ed, t h e n a m es of t h e in dividu a l
cou r se a t t en der s, t h e n a m es of t h ose st u -
d e n t s s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t i n g e a c h c o u r s e ,
a n d t h e n u m b e r o f t r a i n i n g c e r t i fi c a t e s
i s s u e d t o e a c h s u c c e s s fu l s t u d e n t . T h e s e
r e c o r d s s h o u l d b e m a i n t a i n e d fo r a m i n i m u m
o f fi v e y e a r s a ft e r t h e d a t e a n i n d i v i d u a l p a r -
t i c i p a t e d i n a t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m o ffe r e d b y
t h e t r a in in g pr ovider . T h ese r ecor ds sh ou ld
b e a v a i l a b l e a n d p r o v i d e d u p o n t h e s t u d e n t ’s
r equ est or a s m a n da t ed by la w.
10. P rogra m qu a lit y con t rol. T h e T r a i n i n g
Dir ect or sh ou ld con du ct or dir ect a n a n n u a l
wr it t en a u dit of t h e t r a in in g pr ogr a m . P r o-
g r a m m o d i fi c a t i o n s t o a d d r e s s d e fi c i e n c i e s , i f
a n y , sh ou ld be docu m en t ed, a ppr oved, a n d
im plem en t ed by t h e t r a in in g pr ovider . T h e
a u d i t a n d t h e p r o g r a m m o d i fi c a t i o n d o c u -
m en t s sh ou ld be m a in t a in ed a t t h e t r a in in g
fa c i l i t y .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
S u ggest ed P rogra m Q u a lit y Con t rol Crit eria
F a ct or s list ed h er e a r e su ggest ed cr it er ia
fo r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e q u a l i t y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e -
n e s s o f e m p l o y e e h e a l t h a n d s a fe t y t r a i n i n g
fo r h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s a n d e m e r -
gen cy r espon se.
A . T ra in in g P la n .
Adequ a cy a n d a ppr opr ia t en ess of t h e t r a in -
i n g p r o g r a m ’s c u r r i c u l u m d e v e l o p m e n t , i n -
st r u ct or t r a in in g, dist r ibu t ion of cou r se m a -
t er ia ls, a n d dir ect st u den t t r a in in g sh ou ld be
con sider ed, in clu din g
1. T h e d u r a t i o n o f t r a i n i n g , c o u r s e c o n t e n t ,
a n d c o u r s e s c h e d u l e s /a g e n d a s ;
2. T h e d i ffe r e n t t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
t h e v a r i o u s t a r g e t p o p u l a t i o n s , a s s p e c i fi e d
in t h e a ppr opr ia t e gen er ic t r a in in g cu r -
r icu lu m ;
3. T h e p r o c e s s fo r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f c u r -
r icu lu m , wh ich in clu des a ppr opr ia t e t ech -
n ica l in pu t , ou t side r eview, eva lu a t ion , pr o-
gr a m pr et est in g.
4. T h e a d e q u a t e a n d a p p r o p r i a t e i n c l u s i o n
o f h a n d s -o n , d e m o n s t r a t i o n , a n d i n s t r u c t i o n
m et h ods;
5. A d e q u a t e m o n i t o r i n g o f s t u d e n t s a fe t y ,
p r o g r e s s , a n d p e r fo r m a n c e d u r i n g t h e t r a i n -
in g.
B . P rogra m m a n a gem en t , T ra in in g D irect or,
st a f f , a n d con su lt a n t s.
A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f s t a ff p e r -
fo r m a n c e a n d d e l i v e r i n g a n e ffe c t i v e t r a i n i n g
pr ogr a m sh ou ld be con sider ed, in clu din g
1. D e m o n s t r a t i o n o f t h e t r a i n i n g d i r e c t o r ’s
lea der sh ip in a ssu r in g qu a lit y of h ea lt h a n d
s a fe t y t r a i n i n g .
2. D e m o n s t r a t i o n o f t h e c o m p e t e n c y o f t h e
s t a ff t o m e e t t h e d e m a n d s o f d e l i v e r i n g h i g h
q u a l i t y h a za r d o u s w a s t e e m p l o y e e h e a l t h
a n d s a fe t y t r a i n i n g .
3. Or g a n i za t i o n c h a r t s e s t a b l i s h i n g c l e a r
lin es of a u t h or it y .
4. Cl e a r l y d e fi n e d s t a ff d u t i e s i n c l u d i n g t h e
r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h e t r a i n i n g s t a ff t o t h e o v e r -
a ll pr ogr a m .
5. E v i d e n c e t h a t t h e t r a i n i n g o r g a n i za -
t ion a l st r u ct u r e su it s t h e n eeds of t h e t r a in -
in g pr ogr a m .
6. A p p r o p r i a t e n e s s a n d a d e q u a c y o f t h e
t r a in in g m et h ods u sed by t h e in st r u ct or s.
7. S u ffi c i e n c y o f t h e t i m e c o m m i t t e d b y
t h e t r a i n i n g d i r e c t o r a n d s t a ff t o t h e t r a i n -
in g pr ogr a m .
8. A d e q u a c y o f t h e r a t i o o f t r a i n i n g s t a ff t o
st u den t s.
9. A v a i l a b i l i t y a n d c o m m i t m e n t o f t h e
t r a in in g pr ogr a m of a dequ a t e h u m a n a n d
equ ipm en t r esou r ces in t h e a r ea s of
a . H e a l t h e ffe c t s ,
b . S a fe t y ,
c . P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t (P P E ),
d . Op e r a t i o n a l p r o c e d u r e s ,
e . E m p l o y e e p r o t e c t i o n p r a c t i c e s /p r o c e -
du r es.
10. A p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f m a n a g e m e n t c o n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t r ols.
404
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
11. A d e q u a c y o f t h e o r g a n i za t i o n a n d a p -
pr opr ia t e r esou r ces a ssign ed t o a ssu r e a ppr o-
pr ia t e t r a in in g.
12. I n t h e c a s e o f m u l t i p l e -s i t e t r a i n i n g
pr ogr a m s, a dequ a cy of sa t ellit e cen t er s m a n -
a gem en t .
C. T ra in in g f a cilit ies a n d resou rces.
A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e fa c i l i -
t i e s a n d r e s o u r c e s fo r s u p p o r t i n g t h e t r a i n -
in g pr ogr a m sh ou ld be con sider ed, in clu din g,
1. S p a c e a n d e q u i p m e n t t o c o n d u c t t h e
t r a in in g.
2. F a c i l i t i e s fo r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e h a n d s -o n
t r a in in g.
3. I n t h e c a s e o f m u l t i p l e -s i t e p r o g r a m s ,
e q u i p m e n t a n d fa c i l i t i e s a t t h e s a t e l l i t e c e n -
t er s.
4. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e
qu a lit y con t r ol a n d eva lu a t ion s pr ogr a m t o
a c c o u n t fo r i n s t r u c t o r p e r fo r m a n c e .
5. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e
qu a lit y con t r ol a n d eva lu a t ion pr ogr a m t o
e n s u r e a p p r o p r i a t e c o u r s e e v a l u a t i o n , fe e d -
ba ck , u pda t in g, a n d cor r ect ive a ct ion .
6. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f d i s -
ciplin es a n d exper t ise bein g u sed wit h in t h e
qu a lit y con t r ol a n d eva lu a t ion pr ogr a m .
7. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e
r o l e o f s t u d e n t e v a l u a t i o n s t o p r o v i d e fe e d -
b a c k fo r t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m i m p r o v e m e n t .
D . Q u a lit y con t rol a n d ev a lu a t ion .
Adequ a cy a n d a ppr opr ia t en ess of qu a lit y
c o n t r o l a n d e v a l u a t i o n p l a n s fo r t r a i n i n g
pr ogr a m s sh ou ld be con sider ed, in clu din g:
1. A b a l a n c e d a d v i s o r y c o m m i t t e e a n d /o r
com pet en t ou t side r eviewer s t o give over a ll
policy gu ida n ce;
2. Cl e a r a n d a d e q u a t e d e fi n i t i o n o f t h e
com posit ion a n d a ct ive pr ogr a m m a t ic r ole of
t h e a dvisor y com m it t ee or ou t side r eviewer s.
3. A d e q u a c y o f t h e m i n u t e s o r r e p o r t s o f
t h e a dvisor y com m it t ee or ou t side r eviewer s’
m eet in gs or wr it t en com m u n ica t ion .
4. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e
qu a lit y con t r ol a n d eva lu a t ion s pr ogr a m t o
a c c o u n t fo r i n s t r u c t o r p e r fo r m a n c e .
5. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e
qu a lit y con t r ol a n d eva lu a t ion pr ogr a m t o
e n s u r e a p p r o p r i a t e c o u r s e e v a l u a t i o n , fe e d -
ba ck , u pda t in g, a n d cor r ect ive a ct ion .
6. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f d i s -
ciplin es a n d exper t ise bein g u sed wit h in t h e
qu a lit y con t r ol a n d eva lu a t ion pr ogr a m .
7. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e
r o l e o f s t u d e n t e v a l u a t i o n s t o p r o v i d e fe e d -
b a c k fo r t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m i m p r o v e m e n t .
E . S t u d en t s
Adequ a cy a n d a ppr opr ia t en ess of t h e pr o-
g r a m fo r a c c e p t i n g s t u d e n t s s h o u l d b e c o n -
sider ed, in clu din g
1. A s s u r a n c e t h a t t h e s t u d e n t a l r e a d y p o s -
s e s s t h e n e c e s s a r y s k i l l s fo r t h e i r j o b , i n c l u d -
in g n ecessa r y docu m en t a t ion .
2. A p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f m e t h o d s t h e p r o g r a m
u ses t o en su r e t h a t r ecr u it s a r e ca pa ble of
s a t i s fa c t o r i l y c o m p l e t i n g t r a i n i n g .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
3. R e v i e w a n d c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a n y m e d i c a l
clea r a n ce policy .
F . I n st it u t ion a l E n v iron m en t a n d A d m in ist ra -
t iv e S u p p ort
T h e a dequ a cy a n d a ppr opr ia t en ess of t h e
in st it u t ion a l en vir on m en t a n d a dm in ist r a -
t i v e s u p p o r t s y s t e m fo r t h e t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m
sh ou ld be con sider ed, in clu din g
1. A d e q u a c y o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o m m i t -
m en t t o t h e em ploy ee t r a in in g pr ogr a m .
2. A d e q u a c y a n d a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f t h e a d -
m in ist r a t ive st r u ct u r e a n d a dm in ist r a t ive
su ppor t .
G. S u m m a ry of E v a lu a t ion Q u est ion s
K e y q u e s t i o n s fo r e v a l u a t i n g t h e q u a l i t y
a n d a ppr opr ia t en ess of a n over a ll t r a in in g
p r o g r a m s h o u l d i n c l u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g :
1. A r e t h e p r o g r a m o b j e c t i v e s c l e a r l y s t a t -
ed?
2. I s t h e p r o g r a m a c c o m p l i s h i n g i t s o b j e c -
t ives?
3. A r e a p p r o p r i a t e fa c i l i t i e s a n d s t a ff a v a i l -
a ble?
4. I s t h e r e a n a p p r o p r i a t e m i x o f c l a s s r o o m ,
d e m o n s t r a t i o n , a n d h a n d s -o n t r a i n i n g ?
5. I s t h e p r o g r a m p r o v i d i n g q u a l i t y e m -
p l o y e e h e a l t h a n d s a fe t y t r a i n i n g t h a t fu l l y
m eet s t h e in t en t of r egu la t or y r equ ir em en t s?
6. Wh a t a r e t h e p r o g r a m ’s m a i n s t r e n g t h s ?
7. Wh a t a r e t h e p r o g r a m ’s m a i n w e a k -
n esses?
8. Wh a t i s r e c o m m e n d e d t o i m p r o v e t h e
pr ogr a m ?
9. A r e i n s t r u c t o r s i n s t r u c t i n g a c c o r d i n g t o
t h eir t r a in in g ou t lin es?
10. I s t h e e v a l u a t i o n t o o l c u r r e n t a n d a p -
p r o p r i a t e fo r t h e p r o g r a m c o n t e n t ?
11. I s t h e c o u r s e m a t e r i a l c u r r e n t a n d r e l -
eva n t t o t h e t a r get gr ou p?
S u ggest ed T ra in in g Cu rricu lu m Gu id elin es
T h e fo l l o w i n g t r a i n i n g c u r r i c u l u m g u i d e -
l i n e s a r e fo r t h o s e o p e r a t i o n s s p e c i fi c a l l y
i d e n t i fi e d i n 29 CF R 1910.120 a s r e q u i r i n g
t r a i n i n g . I s s u e s s u c h a s q u a l i fi c a t i o n s o f i n -
s t r u c t o r s , t r a i n i n g c e r t i fi c a t i o n , a n d s i m i l a r
cr it er ia a ppr opr ia t e t o a ll ca t egor ies of oper -
a t i o n s a d d r e s s e d i n 1910.120 h a v e b e e n c o v -
er ed in t h e pr ecedin g sect ion a n d a r e n ot r e-
a ddr essed in ea ch of t h e gen er ic gu idelin es.
B a s i c c o r e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r t r a i n i n g p r o -
gr a m s t h a t a r e a ddr essed in clu de
1. G e n e r a l H a za r d o u s Wa s t e Op e r a t i o n s
2. R CR A o p e r a t i o n s —T r e a t m e n t , s t o r a g e ,
a n d d i s p o s a l fa c i l i t i e s .
3. E m e r g e n c y R e s p o n s e .
A . Gen era l H a z a rd ou s W a st e O p era t ion s a n d
S it e-sp ecif ic T ra in in g
1. O f f -sit e t ra in in g.T r a i n i n g c o u r s e c o n t e n t
fo r h a za r d o u s w a s t e o p e r a t i o n s , r e q u i r e d b y
29 CF R 1910.120(e ), s h o u l d i n c l u d e t h e fo l -
lowin g t opics or pr ocedu r es:
a . R egu la t ory k n ow led ge.
(1) A n r e v i e w o f 29 CF R 1910.120 a n d t h e
c o r e e l e m e n t s o f a n o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h ea lt h pr ogr a m .
405
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00415 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
(2) T h e c o n t e n t o f a m e d i c a l s u r v e i l l a n c e
p r o g r a m a s o u t l i n e d i n 29 CF R 1910.120(f).
(3) T h e c o n t e n t o f a n e ffe c t i v e s i t e s a fe t y
a n d h ea lt h pla n con sist en t wit h t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f 29 CF R 1910.120(b )(4)(i i ).
(4) E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n a n d p r o c e -
d u r e s a s o u t l i n e d i n 29 CF R 1910.38 a n d 29
CF R 1910.120(l ).
(5) A d e q u a t e i l l u m i n a t i o n .
(6) S a n i t a t i o n r e c o m m e n d a t i o n a n d e q u i p -
m en t .
(7) R e v i e w a n d e x p l a n a t i o n o f OS H A ’s h a z-
a r d -c o m m u n i c a t i o n st a n da r d (29 CF R
1910.1200) a n d l o c k -o u t -t a g -o u t s t a n d a r d (29
CF R 1910.147).
(8) R e v i e w o f o t h e r a p p l i c a b l e s t a n d a r d s i n -
clu din g bu t n ot lim it ed t o t h ose in t h e con -
s t r u c t i o n s t a n d a r d s (29 CF R P a r t 1926).
(9) R i g h t s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f e m p l o y e r s
a n d e m p l o y e e s u n d e r a p p l i c a b l e OS H A a n d
E P A la ws.
b . T ech n ica l k n ow led ge.
(1) T y p e o f p o t e n t i a l e x p o s u r e s t o c h e m -
i c a l , b i o l o g i c a l , a n d r a d i o l o g i c a l h a za r d s ;
t y p e s o f h u m a n r e s p o n s e s t o t h e s e h a za r d s
a n d r ecogn it ion of t h ose r espon ses; pr in -
c i p l e s o f t o x i c o l o g y a n d i n fo r m a t i o n a b o u t
a c u t e a n d c h r o n i c h a za r d s ; h e a l t h a n d s a fe t y
con sider a t ion s of n ew t ech n ology .
(2) F u n d a m e n t a l s o f c h e m i c a l h a za r d s i n -
clu din g bu t n ot lim it ed t o va por pr essu r e,
b o i l i n g p o i n t s , fl a s h p o i n t s , p h , o t h e r p h y s -
ica l a n d ch em ica l pr oper t ies.
(3) F i r e a n d e x p l o s i o n h a za r d s o f c h e m i -
ca ls.
(4) G e n e r a l s a fe t y h a za r d s s u c h a s b u t n o t
l i m i t e d t o e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d e q u i p -
m e n t h a za r d s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s , w a l k -
i n g -w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s , e x c a v a t i o n h a z-
a r d s , a n d h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h w o r k i n g i n
h ot a n d cold t em per a t u r e ext r em es.
(5) R e v i e w a n d k n o w l e d g e o f c o n fi n e d s p a c e
e n t r y p r o c e d u r e s i n 29 CF R 1910.146.
(6) Wo r k p r a c t i c e s t o m i n i m i ze e m p l o y e e
r i s k fr o m s i t e h a za r d s .
(7) S a fe u s e o f e n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s , e q u i p -
m e n t , a n d a n y n e w r e l e v a n t s a fe t y t e c h -
n o l o g y o r s a fe t y p r o c e d u r e s .
(8) R e v i e w a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f c o m -
pet en cy wit h a ir sa m plin g a n d m on it or in g
equ ipm en t t h a t m a y be u sed in a sit e m on i-
t or in g pr ogr a m .
(9) Co n t a i n e r s a m p l i n g p r o c e d u r e s a n d
s a fe g u a r d i n g ; g e n e r a l d r u m a n d c o n t a i n e r
h a n dlin g pr ocedu r es in clu din g specia l r e-
q u i r e m e n t fo r l a b o r a t o r y w a s t e p a c k s ,
s h o c k -s e n s i t i v e w a s t e s , a n d r a d i o a c t i v e
wa st es.
(10) T h e e l e m e n t s o f a s p i l l c o n t r o l p r o -
gr a m .
(11) P r o p e r u s e a n d l i m i t a t i o n s o f m a t e r i a l
h a n dlin g equ ipm en t .
(12) P r o c e d u r e s fo r s a fe a n d h e a l t h fu l p r e p -
a r a t i o n o f c o n t a i n e r s fo r s h i p p i n g a n d t r a n s -
por t .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
(13) M e t h o d s o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n i n c l u d i n g
t h ose u sed wh ile wea r in g r espir a t or y pr ot ec-
t ion .
c. T ech n ica l sk ills.
(1) S e l e c t i o n , u s e m a i n t e n a n c e , a n d l i m i t a -
t ion s of per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t in -
c l u d i n g t h e c o m p o n e n t s a n d p r o c e d u r e s fo r
ca r r y in g ou t a r espir a t or pr ogr a m t o com ply
w i t h 29 CF R 1910.134.
(2) I n s t r u c t i o n i n d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o -
gr a m s in clu din g per son n el, equ ipm en t , a n d
h a r d w a r e ; h a n d s -o n t r a i n i n g i n c l u d i n g l e v e l
A, B, a n d C en sem bles a n d a ppr opr ia t e de-
c o n t a m i n a t i o n l i n e s ; fi e l d a c t i v i t i e s i n c l u d -
i n g t h e d o n n i n g a n d d o ffi n g o f p r o t e c t i v e
equ ipm en t t o a level com m en su r a t e wit h t h e
e m p l o y e e ’s a n t i c i p a t e d j o b fu n c t i o n a n d r e -
spon sibilit y a n d t o t h e degr ee r equ ir ed by
p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s .
(3) S o u r c e s fo r a d d i t i o n a l h a za r d i n fo r m a -
t ion ; exer cises u sin g r eleva n t m a n u a ls a n d
h a za r d c o d i n g s y s t e m s .
d . A d d it ion a l su ggest ed it em s.
(1) A l a m i n a t e d , d a t e d c a r d o r c e r t i fi c a t e
wit h ph ot o, den ot in g lim it a t ion s a n d level of
p r o t e c t i o n fo r w h i c h t h e e m p l o y e e i s t r a i n e d
sh ou ld be issu ed t o t h ose st u den t s su ccess-
fu l l y c o m p l e t i n g a c o u r s e .
(2) A t t e n d a n c e s h o u l d b e r e q u i r e d a t a l l
t r a i n i n g m o d u l e s , w i t h s u c c e s s fu l c o m p l e -
t i o n o f e x e r c i s e s a n d a fi n a l w r i t t e n o r o r a l
e x a m i n a t i o n w i t h a t l e a s t 50 q u e s t i o n s .
(3) A m i n i m u m o f o n e -t h i r d o f t h e p r o g r a m
s h o u l d b e d e v o t e d t o h a n d s -o n e x e r c i s e s .
(4) A c u r r i c u l u m s h o u l d b e e s t a b l i s h e d fo r
t h e 8-h o u r r e fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d b y 29
CF R 1910.120(e )(8), w i t h d e l i v e r y o f s u c h
cou r ses dir ect ed t owa r d t h ose a r ea s of pr e-
viou s t r a in in g t h a t n eed im pr ovem en t or r e-
em ph a sis.
(5) A c u r r i c u l u m s h o u l d b e e s t a b l i s h e d fo r
t h e r e q u i r e d 8-h o u r t r a i n i n g fo r s u p e r v i s o r s .
Dem on st r a t ed com pet en cy in t h e sk ills a n d
k n o w l e d g e p r o v i d e d i n a 40-h o u r c o u r s e
s h o u l d b e a p r e r e q u i s i t e fo r s u p e r v i s o r t r a i n -
in g.
2. R ef resh er t ra in in g.
T h e 8-h o u r a n n u a l r e fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g r e -
q u i r e d i n 29 CF R 1910.120(e )(8) s h o u l d b e c o n -
d u c t e d b y q u a l i fi e d t r a i n i n g p r o v i d e r s . R e -
fr e s h e r t r a i n i n g s h o u l d i n c l u d e a t a m i n -
i m u m t h e fo l l o w i n g t o p i c s a n d p r o c e d u r e s :
(a ) R e v i e w o f a n d r e t r a i n i n g o n r e l e v a n t
t o p i c s c o v e r e d i n t h e 40-h o u r p r o g r a m , a s a p -
pr opr ia t e, u sin g r epor t s by t h e st u den t s on
t h eir wor k exper ien ces.
(b ) U p d a t e o n d e v e l o p m e n t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o
m a t e r i a l c o v e r e d i n t h e 40-h o u r c o u r s e .
(c ) R e v i e w o f c h a n g e s t o p e r t i n e n t p r o v i -
s i o n s o f E P A o r OS H A s t a n d a r d s o r l a w s .
(d ) I n t r o d u c t i o n o f a d d i t i o n a l s u b j e c t a r e a s
a s a ppr opr ia t e.
(e ) H a n d s -o n r e v i e w o f n e w o r a l t e r e d P P E
or decon t a m in a t ion equ ipm en t or pr oce-
du r es. R eview of n ew developm en t s in per -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t .
406
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(f) R e v i e w o f n e w l y d e v e l o p e d a i r a n d c o n -
t a m in a n t m on it or in g equ ipm en t .
3. O n -sit e t ra in in g.
a . T h e em ploy er sh ou ld pr ovide em ploy ees
e n g a g e d i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e s i t e a c t i v i t i e s
w i t h i n fo r m a t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g p r i o r t o i n i -
t i a l a s s i g n m e n t i n t o t h e i r w o r k a r e a , a s fo l -
lows:
(1) T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e h a za r d c o m m u -
n ica t ion pr ogr a m in clu din g t h e loca t ion a n d
a va ila bilit y of t h e wr it t en pr ogr a m , r equ ir ed
l i s t s o f h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s , a n d m a t e r i a l
s a fe t y d a t a s h e e t s .
(2) A c t i v i t i e s a n d l o c a t i o n s i n t h e i r w o r k
a r e a w h e r e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e m a y b e
pr esen t .
(3) M e t h o d s a n d o b s e r v a t i o n s t h a t m a y b e
u s e d t o d e t e c t t h e p r e s e n t o r r e l e a s e o f a h a z-
a r d o u s c h e m i c a l i n t h e w o r k a r e a (s u c h a s
m on it or in g con du ct ed by t h e em ploy er , con -
t in u ou s m on it or in g devices, visu a l a ppea r -
a n c e s , o r o t h e r e v i d e n c e (s i g h t , s o u n d o r
s m e l l ) o f h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s b e i n g r e l e a s e d ,
a n d a p p l i c a b l e a l a r m s fr o m m o n i t o r i n g d e -
vices t h a t r ecor d ch em ica l r elea ses.
(4) T h e p h y s i c a l a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s o f s u b -
st a n ces k n own or pot en t ia lly pr esen t in t h e
wor k a r ea .
(5) T h e m e a s u r e s e m p l o y e e s c a n t a k e t o
h e l p p r o t e c t t h e m s e l v e s fr o m w o r k -s i t e h a z-
a r d s , i n c l u d i n g s p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r e s t h e e m -
ploy er h a s im plem en t ed.
(6) A n e x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e l a b e l i n g s y s t e m
a n d m a t e r i a l s a fe t y d a t a s h e e t s a n d h o w e m -
p l o y e e s c a n o b t a i n a n d u s e a p p r o p r i a t e h a z-
a r d i n fo r m a t i o n .
(7) T h e e l e m e n t s o f t h e c o n fi n e d s p a c e p r o -
gr a m in clu din g specia l P P E , per m it s, m on i-
t or in g r equ ir em en t s, com m u n ica t ion pr oce-
du r es, em er gen cy r espon se, a n d a pplica ble
l o c k -o u t p r o c e d u r e s .
b . T h e e m p l o y e r s h o u l d p r o v i d e h a za r d o u s
w a s t e e m p l o y e e s i n fo r m a t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g
a n d sh ou ld pr ovide a r eview a n d a ccess t o
t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d p l a n a s fo l l o w s :
(1) N a m e s o f p e r s o n n e l a n d a l t e r n a t e r e -
s p o n s i b l e fo r s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h .
(2) S a fe t y a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s p r e s e n t o n
t h e sit e.
(3) S e l e c t i o n , u s e , m a i n t e n a n c e , a n d l i m i -
t a t ion s of per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t
s p e c i fi c t o t h e s i t e .
(4) Wo r k p r a c t i c e s b y w h i c h t h e e m p l o y e e
c a n m i n i m i ze r i s k s fr o m h a za r d s .
(5) S a fe u s e o f e n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s a n d
equ ipm en t a va ila ble on sit e.
(6) S a fe d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s e s t a b -
l i s h e d t o m i n i m i ze e m p l o y e e c o n t a c t w i t h
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s , i n c l u d i n g :
(A ) E m p l o y e e d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n ,
(B ) Cl o t h i n g d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n , a n d
(C) E q u i p m e n t d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n .
(7) E l e m e n t s o f t h e s i t e e m e r g e n c y r e -
spon se pla n , in clu din g:
(A ) P r e -e m e r g e n c y p l a n n i n g .
(B ) P e r s o n n e l r o l e s a n d l i n e s o f a u t h o r i t y
a n d com m u n ica t ion .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(C) E m e r g e n c y r e c o g n i t i o n a n d p r e v e n t i o n .
(D ) S a fe d i s t a n c e s a n d p l a c e s o f r e fu g e .
(E ) S i t e s e c u r i t y a n d c o n t r o l .
(F ) E v a c u a t i o n r o u t e s a n d p r o c e d u r e s .
(G ) D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s n o t c o v -
e r e d b y t h e s i t e s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n .
(H ) E m e r g e n c y m e d i c a l t r e a t m e n t a n d fi r s t
a id.
(I ) E m e r g e n c y e q u i p m e n t a n d p r o c e d u r e s
fo r h a n d l i n g e m e r g e n c y i n c i d e n t s .
c . T h e e m p l o y e r s h o u l d p r o v i d e h a za r d o u s
w a s t e e m p l o y e e s i n fo r m a t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g
on per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t u sed a t t h e
s i t e , s u c h a s t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(1) P P E t o b e u s e d b a s e d u p o n k n o w n o r a n -
t i c i p a t e d s i t e h a za r d s .
(2) P P E l i m i t a t i o n s o f m a t e r i a l s a n d c o n -
st r u ct ion ; lim it a t ion s du r in g t em per a t u r e
ext r em es, h ea t st r ess, a n d ot h er a ppr opr ia t e
m edica l con sider a t ion s; u se a n d lim it a t ion s
of r espir a t or equ ipm en t a s well a s docu -
m e n t a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s a s o u t l i n e d i n 29 CF R
1910.134.
(3) P P E i n s p e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s p r i o r t o ,
d u r i n g , a n d a ft e r u s e .
(4) P P E d o n n i n g a n d d o ffi n g p r o c e d u r e s .
(5) P P E d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n a n d d i s p o s a l p r o -
cedu r es.
(6) P P E m a i n t e n a n c e a n d s t o r a g e .
(7) T a s k d u r a t i o n a s r e l a t e d t o P P E l i m i t a -
t ion s.
d. T h e em ploy er sh ou ld in st r u ct t h e em -
ploy ee a bou t t h e sit e m edica l su r veilla n ce
pr ogr a m r ela t ive t o t h e pa r t icu la r sit e, in -
clu din g
(1) S p e c i fi c m e d i c a l s u r v e i l l a n c e p r o g r a m s
t h a t h a v e b e e n a d a p t e d fo r t h e s i t e .
(2) S p e c i fi c s i g n s a n d s y m p t o m s r e l a t e d t o
e x p o s u r e t o h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l s o n t h e s i t e .
(3) T h e fr e q u e n c y a n d e x t e n t o f p e r i o d i c
m edica l exa m in a t ion s t h a t will be u sed on
t h e sit e.
(4) Ma in t en a n ce and a va ila bilit y of
r ecor ds.
(5) P e r s o n n e l t o b e c o n t a c t e d a n d p r o c e -
d u r e s t o b e fo l l o w e d w h e n s i g n s a n d s y m p -
t o m s o f e x p o s u r e s a r e r e c o g n i ze d .
e. T h e em ploy ees will r eview a n d discu ss
t h e s i t e s a fe t y p l a n a s p a r t o f t h e t r a i n i n g
p r o g r a m . T h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e s i t e s a fe t y p l a n
a n d a ll wr it t en pr ogr a m s sh ou ld be discu ssed
wit h em ploy ees in clu din g a discu ssion of t h e
m e c h a n i s m s fo r a c c e s s , r e v i e w , a n d r e f-
er en ces descr ibed.
B . R CR A O p era t ion s T ra in in g f or T rea t m en t ,
S t ora ge a n d D isp osa l F a cilit ies.
1. A s a m i n i m u m , t h e t r a i n i n g c o u r s e r e -
q u i r e d i n 29 CF R 1910.120 (p ) s h o u l d i n c l u d e
t h e fo l l o w i n g t o p i c s :
(a ) R e v i e w o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e p a r a g r a p h s o f
29 CF R 1910.120 a n d t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h e e m -
p l o y e r ’s o c c u p a t i o n a l s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h p l a n .
(b ) R e v i e w o f r e l e v a n t h a za r d s s u c h a s , b u t
n ot lim it ed t o, ch em ica l, biologica l, a n d r a -
d i o l o g i c a l e x p o s u r e s ; fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n h a z-
a r d s ; t h e r m a l e x t r e m e s ; a n d p h y s i c a l h a z-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a r ds.
407
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00417 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
(c ) G e n e r a l s a fe t y h a za r d s i n c l u d i n g t h o s e
a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d
e q u i p m e n t h a za r d s , l o c k -o u t -t a g -o u t p r o c e -
d u r e s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s a n d w a l k i n g -
w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s .
(d ) Co n fi n e d -s p a c e h a za r d s a n d p r o c e d u r e s .
(e ) Wo r k p r a c t i c e s t o m i n i m i ze e m p l o y e e
r i s k fr o m w o r k p l a c e h a za r d s .
(f) E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n a n d p r o c e -
d u r e s i n c l u d i n g fi r s t a i d m e e t i n g t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (p )(8).
(g ) A r e v i e w o f p r o c e d u r e s t o m i n i m i ze e x -
p o s u r e t o h a za r d o u s w a s t e a n d v a r i o u s t y p e
of wa st e st r ea m s, in clu din g t h e m a t er ia ls
h a n dlin g pr ogr a m a n d spill con t a in m en t pr o-
gr a m .
(h ) A r e v i e w o f h a za r d c o m m u n i c a t i o n p r o -
g r a m s m e e t i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910.1200.
(i ) A r e v i e w o f m e d i c a l s u r v e i l l a n c e p r o -
g r a m s m e e t i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910.120(p )(3) i n c l u d i n g t h e r e c o g n i t i o n o f
s i g n s a n d s y m p t o m s o f o v e r e x p o s u r e t o h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ce in clu din g k n own sy n er -
gist ic in t er a ct ion s.
(j ) A r e v i e w o f d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o g r a m s
a n d pr ocedu r es m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of
29 CF R 1910.120(p )(4).
(k ) A r e v i e w o f a n e m p l o y e r ’s r e q u i r e m e n t s
t o im plem en t a t r a in in g pr ogr a m a n d it s ele-
m en t s.
(l ) A r e v i e w o f t h e c r i t e r i a a n d p r o g r a m s
fo r p r o p e r s e l e c t i o n a n d u s e o f p e r s o n a l p r o -
t ect ive equ ipm en t , in clu din g r espir a t or s.
(m ) A r e v i e w o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e a p p e n d i c e s
t o 29 CF R 1910.120.
(n ) P r i n c i p l e s o f t o x i c o l o g y a n d b i o l o g i c a l
m on it or in g a s t h ey per t a in t o occu pa t ion a l
h ea lt h .
(o ) R i g h t s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f e m p l o y -
e e s a n d e m p l o y e r s u n d e r a p p l i c a b l e OS H A
a n d E P A la ws.
(p ) H a n d s -o n e x e r c i s e s a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n s
of com pet en cy wit h equ ipm en t t o illu st r a t e
t h e ba sic equ ipm en t pr in ciples t h a t m a y be
u s e d d u r i n g t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f w o r k d u t i e s ,
i n c l u d i n g t h e d o n n i n g a n d d o ffi n g o f P P E .
(q ) S o u r c e s o f r e fe r e n c e , e ffi c i e n t u s e o f
r e l e v a n t m a n u a l s , a n d k n o w l e d g e o f h a za r d
c o d i n g s y s t e m s t o i n c l u d e i n fo r m a t i o n c o n -
t a i n e d i n h a za r d o u s w a s t e m a n i fe s t s .
(r ) A t l e a s t 8 h o u r s o f h a n d s -o n t r a i n i n g .
(s ) T r a i n i n g i n t h e j o b s k i l l s r e q u i r e d fo r
a n e m p l o y e e ’s j o b fu n c t i o n a n d r e s p o n s i -
b i l i t y b e fo r e t h e y a r e p e r m i t t e d t o p a r t i c i -
p a t e i n o r s u p e r v i s e fi e l d a c t i v i t i e s .
2. T h e i n d i v i d u a l e m p l o y e r s h o u l d p r o v i d e
h a za r d o u s w a s t e e m p l o y e e s w i t h i n fo r m a t i o n
a n d t r a i n i n g p r i o r t o a n e m p l o y e e ’s i n i t i a l
a ssign m en t in t o a wor k a r ea . T h e t r a in in g
a n d i n fo r m a t i o n s h o u l d c o v e r t h e fo l l o w i n g
t opics:
(a ) T h e E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n a n d p r o -
c e d u r e s i n c l u d i n g fi r s t a i d .
(b ) A r e v i e w o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s h a za r d o u s
wa st e h a n dlin g pr ocedu r es in clu din g t h e m a -
t er ia ls h a n dlin g pr ogr a m a n d elem en t s of t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.120
spill con t a in m en t pr ogr a m , loca t ion of spill
r espon se k it s or equ ipm en t , a n d t h e n a m es of
t h ose t r a in ed t o r espon d t o r elea ses.
(c ) T h e h a za r d o u s c o m m u n i c a t i o n p r o g r a m
m e e t i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910.1200.
(d ) A r e v i e w o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s m e d i c a l s u r -
veilla n ce pr ogr a m in clu din g t h e r ecogn it ion
of sign s a n d sy m pt om s of exposu r e t o r el-
e v a n t h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e i n c l u d i n g k n o w n
sy n er gist ic in t er a ct ion s.
(e ) A r e v i e w o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s d e c o n -
t a m in a t ion pr ogr a m a n d pr ocedu r es.
(f) A n r e v i e w o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s t r a i n i n g
p r o g r a m a n d t h e p a r t i e s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h a t
pr ogr a m .
(g ) A r e v i e w o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s p e r s o n a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t pr ogr a m in clu din g t h e
pr oper select ion a n d u se of P P E ba sed u pon
s p e c i fi c s i t e h a za r d s .
(h ) A l l r e l e v a n t s i t e -s p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r e s a d -
d r e s s i n g p o t e n t i a l s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h h a za r d s .
T h is m a y in clu de, a s a ppr opr ia t e, biologica l
a n d r a d i o l o g i c a l e x p o s u r e s , fi r e a n d e x p l o -
s i o n h a za r d s , t h e r m a l h a za r d s , a n d p h y s i c a l
h a za r d s s u c h a s e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d
e q u i p m e n t h a za r d s , l o c k -o u t -t a g -o u t h a z-
a r d s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s , a n d w a l k i n g -
w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s .
(i ) S a fe u s e e n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s a n d e q u i p -
m en t on sit e.
(j ) N a m e s o f p e r s o n n e l a n d a l t e r n a t e s r e -
s p o n s i b l e fo r s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h .
C. E m ergen cy resp on se t ra in in g.
F e d e r a l OS H A s t a n d a r d s i n 29 CF R
1910.120(q ) a r e d i r e c t e d t o w a r d p r i v a t e s e c t o r
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n d e r s . T h e r e fo r e , t h e g u i d e -
lin es pr ovided in t h is por t ion of t h e a ppen dix
a r e dir ect ed t owa r d t h a t em ploy ee popu -
la t ion . However , t h ey a lso im pa ct in dir ect ly
t h r o u g h S t a t e OS H A o r U S E P A r e g u l a t i o n s
som e pu blic sect or em er gen cy r espon der s.
T h e r e fo r e , t h e g u i d e l i n e s p r o v i d e d i n t h i s
por t ion of t h e a ppen dix m a y be a pplied t o
bot h em ploy ee popu la t ion s.
S t a t e s w i t h OS H A s t a t e p l a n s m u s t c o v e r
t h eir em ploy ees wit h r egu la t ion s a t lea st a s
e ffe c t i v e a s t h e F e d e r a l OS H A s t a n d a r d s .
P u blic em ploy ees in st a t es wit h ou t a ppr oved
s t a t e OS H A p r o g r a m s c o v e r i n g h a za r d o u s
wa st e oper a t ion s a n d em er gen cy r espon se
a r e c o v e r e d b y t h e U .S . E P A u n d e r 40 CF R
311, a r e g u l a t i o n v i r t u a l l y i d e n t i c a l t o
§ 1910.120.
S i n c e t h i s i s a n o n -m a n d a t o r y a p p e n d i x
a n d t h e r e fo r e n o t a n e n fo r c e a b l e s t a n d a r d ,
OS H A r e c o m m e n d s t h a t t h o s e e m p l o y e r s ,
em ploy ees or volu n t eer s in pu blic sect or
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s o u t s i d e
F e d e r a l OS H A j u r i s d i c t i o n c o n s i d e r t h e fo l -
lowin g cr it er ia in developin g t h eir own
t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s . A u n i fi e d a p p r o a c h t o
t r a in in g a t t h e com m u n it y level bet ween
e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s c o v e r e d
b y F e d e r a l OS H A a n d t h o s e n o t c o v e r e d d i -
r e c t l y b y F e d e r a l OS H A c a n h e l p e n s u r e a n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
e ffe c t i v e c o m m u n i t y r e s p o n s e t o t h e r e l e a s e
408
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00418 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
o r p o t e n t i a l r e l e a s e o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s
in t h e com m u n it y .
a . Gen era l con sid era t ion s.
E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za t i o n s a r e r e -
qu ir ed t o con sider t h e t opics list ed in
§ 1910.120(q )(6). E m e r g e n c y r e s p o n s e o r g a n i za -
t i o n s m a y u s e s o m e o r a l l o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
t opics t o su pplem en t t h ose m a n da t or y t opics
wh en developin g t h eir r espon se t r a in in g pr o-
gr a m s. Ma n y of t h e t opics wou ld r equ ir e a n
in t er a ct ion bet ween t h e r espon se pr ovider
a n d t h e i n d i v i d u a l s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e s i t e
wh er e t h e r espon se wou ld be expect ed.
(1) H a za r d r e c o g n i t i o n , i n c l u d i n g :
(A ) N a t u r e o f h a za r d o u s su bst a n ces
pr esen t ,
(B ) P r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s o f h a za r d r e c -
ogn it ion , in clu din g pr esen t a t ion s on biology ,
ch em ist r y , a n d ph y sics.
(2) P r i n c i p l e s o f t o x i c o l o g y , b i o l o g i c a l
m on it or in g, a n d r isk a ssessm en t .
(3) S a fe w o r k p r a c t i c e s a n d g e n e r a l s i t e
s a fe t y .
(4) E n g i n e e r i n g c o n t r o l s a n d h a za r d o u s
wa st e oper a t ion s.
(5) S i t e s a fe t y p l a n s a n d s t a n d a r d o p e r -
a t in g pr ocedu r es.
(6) D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s a n d p r a c -
t ices.
(7) E m e r g e n c y p r o c e d u r e s , fi r s t a i d , a n d
s e l f-r e s c u e .
(8) S a fe u s e o f fi e l d e q u i p m e n t .
(9) S t o r a g e , h a n d l i n g , u s e a n d t r a n s p o r -
t a t i o n o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s .
(10) U s e , c a r e , a n d l i m i t a t i o n s o f p e r s o n a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t .
(11) S a fe s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s .
(12) R i g h t s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f e m p l o y -
e e s u n d e r OS H A a n d o t h e r r e l a t e d l a w s c o n -
c e r n i n g r i g h t -t o -k n o w , s a fe t y a n d h e a l t h ,
com pen sa t ion s a n d lia bilit y .
(13) M e d i c a l m o n i t o r i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s .
(14) Co m m u n i t y r e l a t i o n s .
b . S u ggest ed crit eria f or sp ecif ic cou rses.
(1) F irst resp on d er a w a ren ess lev el.
(A ) R e v i e w o f a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f c o m -
p e t e n c y i n p e r fo r m i n g t h e a p p l i c a b l e s k i l l s
o f 29 CF R 1910.120(q ).
(B ) H a n d s -o n e x p e r i e n c e w i t h t h e U .S . D e -
p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ’s E m e r g e n c y R e -
s p o n s e G u i d e b o o k (E R G ) a n d fa m i l i a r i za t i o n
w i t h OS H A s t a n d a r d 29 CF R 1910.1201.
(C) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
fo r a n a l y zi n g a n i n c i d e n t t o d e t e r m i n e b o t h
t h e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s p r e s e n t a n d t h e
b a s i c h a za r d a n d r e s p o n s e i n fo r m a t i o n fo r
e a c h h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e p r e s e n t .
(D ) R e v i e w o f p r o c e d u r e s fo r i m p l e m e n t i n g
a ct ion s con sist en t wit h t h e loca l em er gen cy
r e s p o n s e p l a n , t h e o r g a n i za t i o n ’s s t a n d a r d
oper a t in g pr ocedu r es, a n d t h e cu r r en t edi-
t i o n o f D OT ’s E R G i n c l u d i n g e m e r g e n c y n o -
t i fi c a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s a n d fo l l o w -u p c o m m u -
n ica t ion s.
(E ) R e v i e w o f t h e e x p e c t e d h a za r d s i n c l u d -
i n g fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n s h a za r d s , c o n fi n e d
s p a c e h a za r d s , e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
e q u i p m e n t h a za r d s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s ,
a n d w a l k i n g -w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s .
(F ) A w a r e n e s s a n d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e c o m -
p e t e n c i e s fo r t h e F i r s t R e s p o n d e r a t t h e
Awa r en ess L evel cover ed in t h e Na t ion a l
F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n ’s S t a n d a r d N o .
472, P rof ession a l Com p et en ce of R esp on d ers t o
H a z a rd ou s M a t eria ls I n cid en t s.
(2) F irst resp on d er op era t ion s lev el.
(A ) R e v i e w o f a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f c o m -
p e t e n c y i n p e r fo r m i n g t h e a p p l i c a b l e s k i l l s
o f 29 CF R 1910.120(q ).
(B ) H a n d s -o n e x p e r i e n c e w i t h t h e U .S . D e -
p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ’s E m e r g e n c y R e -
s p o n s e G u i d e b o o k (E R G ), m a n u fa c t u r e r m a -
t e r i a l s a fe t y d a t a s h e e t s , CH E M T R E C/
CA N U T E C, s h i p p e r o r m a n u fa c t u r e r c o n -
t a c t s , a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n t s o u r c e s o f i n fo r m a -
t i o n a d d r e s s i n g h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e r e -
l e a s e s . F a m i l i a r i za t i o n w i t h OS H A s t a n d a r d
29 CF R 1910.1201.
(C) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
fo r a n a l y zi n g a n i n c i d e n t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s p r e s e n t , t h e l i k e l y b e -
h a v i o r o f t h e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e a n d i t s
c o n t a i n e r , t h e t y p e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e
t r a n spor t a t ion con t a in er s a n d veh icles, t h e
t y p e s a n d s e l e c t i o n o f t h e a p p r o p r i a t e d e fe n -
s i v e s t r a t e g y fo r c o n t a i n i n g t h e r e l e a s e .
(D ) R e v i e w o f p r o c e d u r e s fo r i m p l e m e n t i n g
con t in u in g r espon se a ct ion s con sist en t wit h
t h e loca l em er gen cy r espon se pla n , t h e or ga -
n i za t i o n ’s s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s ,
a n d t h e c u r r e n t e d i t i o n o f D OT ’s E R G i n -
c l u d i n g e x t e n d e d e m e r g e n c y n o t i fi c a t i o n
p r o c e d u r e s a n d fo l l o w -u p c o m m u n i c a t i o n s .
(E ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e
fo r p r o p e r s e l e c t i o n a n d u s e o f p e r s o n a l p r o -
t ect ive equ ipm en t .
(F ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e o f
per son n el a n d equ ipm en t decon t a m in a t ion .
(G ) R e v i e w o f t h e e x p e c t e d h a za r d s i n c l u d -
i n g fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n s h a za r d s , c o n fi n e d
s p a c e h a za r d s , e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d
e q u i p m e n t h a za r d s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s ,
a n d w a l k i n g -w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s .
(H ) A w a r e n e s s a n d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e c o m -
p e t e n c i e s fo r t h e F i r s t R e s p o n d e r a t t h e Op -
er a t ion s L evel cover ed in t h e Na t ion a l F ir e
P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n ’s S t a n d a r d N o . 472,
P rof ession a l Com p et en ce of R esp on d ers t o H a z -
a rd ou s M a t eria ls I n cid en t s.
(3) H a z a rd ou s m a t eria ls t ech n icia n .
(A ) R e v i e w o f a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f c o m -
p e t e n c y i n p e r fo r m i n g t h e a p p l i c a b l e s k i l l s
o f 29 CF R 1910.120(q ).
(B ) H a n d s -o n e x p e r i e n c e w i t h w r i t t e n a n d
e l e c t r o n i c i n fo r m a t i o n r e l a t i v e t o r e s p o n s e
decision m a k in g in clu din g bu t n ot lim it ed t o
t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ’s
E m ergen cy R esp on se Gu id ebook (E R G ), m a n u -
fa c t u r e r m a t er ia l s a fe t y da t a sh eet s,
CH E M T R E C/CA N U T E C, s h i p p e r o r m a n u fa c -
t u r er con t a ct s, com pu t er da t a ba ses a n d r e-
spon se m odels, a n d ot h er r eleva n t sou r ces of
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i n fo r m a t i o n a d d r e s s i n g h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e
409
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00419 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.120
r e l e a s e s . F a m i l i a r i za t i o n w i t h OS H A s t a n d -
a r d 29 CF R 1910.1201.
(C) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
fo r a n a l y zi n g a n i n c i d e n t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s p r e s e n t , t h e i r p h y s i c a l
a n d ch em ica l pr oper t ies, t h e lik ely beh a vior
o f t h e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e a n d i t s c o n t a i n e r ,
t h e t y p e s o f h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e t r a n s p o r -
t a t ion con t a in er s a n d veh icles in volved in
t h e r e l e a s e , t h e a p p r o p r i a t e s t r a t e g y fo r a p -
pr oa ch in g r elea se sit es a n d con t a in in g t h e
r elea se.
(D ) R e v i e w o f p r o c e d u r e s fo r i m p l e m e n t i n g
con t in u in g r espon se a ct ion s con sist en t wit h
t h e loca l em er gen cy r espon se pla n , t h e or ga -
n i za t i o n ’s s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s ,
a n d t h e c u r r e n t e d i t i o n o f D OT ’s E R G i n -
c l u d i n g e x t e n d e d e m e r g e n c y n o t i fi c a t i o n
p r o c e d u r e s a n d fo l l o w -u p c o m m u n i c a t i o n s .
(E ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e
fo r p r o p e r s e l e c t i o n a n d u s e o f p e r s o n a l p r o -
t ect ive equ ipm en t .
(F ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
o f e s t a b l i s h i n g e x p o s u r e zo n e s , p r o p e r d e c o n -
t a m in a t ion a n d m edica l su r veilla n ce st a -
t ion s a n d pr ocedu r es.
(G ) R e v i e w o f t h e e x p e c t e d h a za r d s i n c l u d -
i n g fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n s h a za r d s , c o n fi n e d
s p a c e h a za r d s , e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d
e q u i p m e n t h a za r d s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s ,
a n d w a l k i n g -w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s .
(H ) A w a r e n e s s a n d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e c o m -
p e t e n c i e s fo r t h e H a za r d o u s M a t e r i a l s T e c h -
n icia n cover ed in t h e Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ec-
t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n ’s S t a n d a r d N o . 472, P rof es-
sion a l Com p et en ce of R esp on d ers t o H a z a rd ou s
M a t eria ls I n cid en t s.
(4) H a z a rd ou s m a t eria ls sp ecia list .
(A ) R e v i e w o f a n d d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f c o m -
p e t e n c y i n p e r fo r m i n g t h e a p p l i c a b l e s k i l l s
o f 29 CF R 1910.120(q ).
(B ) H a n d s -o n e x p e r i e n c e w i t h r e t r i e v a l a n d
u s e o f w r i t t e n a n d e l e c t r o n i c i n fo r m a t i o n
r ela t ive t o r espon se decision m a k in g in clu d-
i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t
o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ’s E m ergen cy R esp on se
Gu id ebook (E R G ), m a n u fa c t u r e r m a t e r i a l
s a fe t y d a t a s h e e t s , CH E M T R E C/CA N U T E C,
s h i p p e r o r m a n u fa c t u r e r c o n t a c t s , c o m p u t e r
da t a ba ses a n d r espon se m odels, a n d ot h er
r e l e v a n t s o u r c e s o f i n fo r m a t i o n a d d r e s s i n g
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e r e l e a s e s . F a m i l i a r i za -
t i o n w i t h OS H A s t a n d a r d 29 CF R 1910.1201.
(C) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
fo r a n a l y zi n g a n i n c i d e n t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e s p r e s e n t , t h e i r p h y s i c a l
a n d ch em ica l pr oper t ies, a n d t h e lik ely be-
h a v i o r o f t h e h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e a n d i t s
con t a in er , vessel, or veh icle.
(D ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
fo r i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f t h e t y p e s o f h a za r d o u s
su bst a n ce t r a n spor t a t ion con t a in er s, vessels
a n d veh icles in volved in t h e r elea se; select -
in g a n d u sin g t h e va r iou s t y pes of equ ipm en t
a v a i l a b l e fo r p l u g g i n g o r p a t c h i n g t r a n s p o r -
t a t ion con t a in er s, vessels or veh icles; or ga -
n i zi n g a n d d i r e c t i n g t h e u s e o f m u l t i p l e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.121
t e a m s o f h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l t e c h n i c i a n s a n d
s e l e c t i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e s t r a t e g y fo r a p -
pr oa ch in g r elea se sit es a n d con t a in in g or
st oppin g t h e r elea se.
(E ) R e v i e w o f p r o c e d u r e s fo r i m p l e m e n t i n g
con t in u in g r espon se a ct ion s con sist en t wit h
t h e loca l em er gen cy r espon se pla n , t h e or ga -
n i za t i o n ’s s t a n d a r d o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s , i n -
clu din g k n owledge of t h e a va ila ble pu blic
a n d pr iva t e r espon se r esou r ces, est a blish -
m en t of a n in ciden t com m a n d post , dir ect ion
o f h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l t e c h n i c i a n t e a m s , a n d
e x t e n d e d e m e r g e n c y n o t i fi c a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s
a n d fo l l o w -u p c o m m u n i c a t i o n s .
(F ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e
fo r p r o p e r s e l e c t i o n a n d u s e o f p e r s o n a l p r o -
t ect ive equ ipm en t .
(G ) R e v i e w o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r a c t i c e s
o f e s t a b l i s h i n g e x p o s u r e zo n e s a n d p r o p e r d e -
con t a m in a t ion , m on it or in g a n d m edica l su r -
veilla n ce st a t ion s a n d pr ocedu r es.
(H ) R e v i e w o f t h e e x p e c t e d h a za r d s i n c l u d -
i n g fi r e a n d e x p l o s i o n s h a za r d s , c o n fi n e d
s p a c e h a za r d s , e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s , p o w e r e d
e q u i p m e n t h a za r d s , m o t o r v e h i c l e h a za r d s ,
a n d w a l k i n g -w o r k i n g s u r fa c e h a za r d s .
(I ) A w a r e n e s s a n d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e c o m -
p e t e n c i e s fo r t h e Off-s i t e S p e c i a l i s t E m -
ploy ee cover ed in t h e Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ec-
t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n ’s S t a n d a r d N o . 472, P rof es-
sion a l Com p et en ce of R esp on d ers t o H a z a rd ou s
M a t eria ls I n cid en t s.
(5) I n cid en t com m a n d er.
T h e in ciden t com m a n der is t h e in dividu a l
w h o , a t a n y o n e t i m e , i s r e s p o n s i b l e fo r a n d
i n c o n t r o l o f t h e r e s p o n s e e ffo r t . T h i s i n d i -
v i d u a l i s t h e p e r s o n r e s p o n s i b l e fo r t h e d i r e c -
t i o n a n d c o o r d i n a t i o n o f t h e r e s p o n s e e ffo r t .
A n i n c i d e n t c o m m a n d e r ’s p o s i t i o n s h o u l d b e
occu pied by t h e m ost sen ior , a ppr opr ia t ely
t r a in ed in dividu a l pr esen t a t t h e r espon se
sit e. Yet , a s n ecessa r y a n d a ppr opr ia t e by
t h e level of r espon se pr ovided, t h e posit ion
m a y be occu pied by m a n y in dividu a ls du r in g
a p a r t i c u l a r r e s p o n s e a s t h e n e e d fo r g r e a t e r
a u t h or it y , r espon sibilit y , or t r a in in g in -
c r e a s e s . I t i s p o s s i b l e fo r t h e fi r s t r e s p o n d e r
a t t h e a wa r en ess level t o a ssu m e t h e du t ies
of in ciden t com m a n der u n t il a m or e sen ior
a n d a ppr opr ia t ely t r a in ed in dividu a l a r r ives
a t t h e r espon se sit e.
T h e r e fo r e , a n y e m e r g e n c y r e s p o n d e r e x -
p e c t e d t o p e r fo r m a s a n i n c i d e n t c o m m a n d e r
s h o u l d b e t r a i n e d t o fu l fi l l t h e o b l i g a t i o n s o f
t h e posit ion a t t h e level of r espon se t h ey will
b e p r o v i d i n g i n c l u d i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) A b i l i t y t o a n a l y ze a h a za r d o u s s u b -
st a n ce in ciden t t o det er m in e t h e m a gn it u de
of t h e r espon se pr oblem .
(B ) A b i l i t y t o p l a n a n d i m p l e m e n t a n a p -
pr opr ia t e r espon se pla n wit h in t h e ca pa bili-
t ies of a va ila ble per son n el a n d equ ipm en t .
(C) A b i l i t y t o i m p l e m e n t a r e s p o n s e t o fa -
vor a bly ch a n ge t h e ou t com e of t h e in ciden t
in a m a n n er con sist en t wit h t h e loca l em er -
g e n c y r e s p o n s e p l a n a n d t h e o r g a n i za t i o n ’s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
st a n da r d oper a t in g pr ocedu r es.
410
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00420 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(D ) A b i l i t y t o e v a l u a t e t h e p r o g r e s s o f t h e
em er gen cy r espon se t o en su r e t h a t t h e r e-
s p o n s e o b j e c t i v e s a r e b e i n g m e t s a fe l y , e ffe c -
t i v e l y , a n d e ffi c i e n t l y .
(E ) A b i l i t y t o a d j u s t t h e r e s p o n s e p l a n t o
t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e r e s p o n s e a n d t o n o t i fy
h igh er levels of r espon se wh en r equ ir ed by
t h e ch a n ges t o t h e r espon se pla n .
[54 F R 9317, M a r . 6, 1989, a s a m e n d e d a t 55 F R
14073, A p r . 13, 1990; 56 F R 15832, A p r . 18, 1991;
59 F R 43270, A u g . 22, 1994; 61 F R 9238, M a r . 7,
1996; 67 F R 67964, N o v . 7, 2002; 71 F R 16672,
A p r . 3, 2006]
§ 1910.121 [Reserved]
D I P P I N G A N D C OA T I N G O P E R A T I ON S
S OU R CE : 64 F R 13909, M a r . 23, 1999, u n l e s s
ot h er wise n ot ed.
§ 1910.122 Table of contents.
T h is sect ion list s t h e pa r a gr a ph
h ea din gs con t a in ed in §§ 1910.123
t h r o u g h 1910.126.
§ 1910.123 D ip p in g a n d coa t in g op era t ion s:
Cov era ge a n d d ef in it ion s.
(a ) D o e s t h i s r u l e a p p l y t o m e ?
(b ) Wh a t o p e r a t i o n s a r e c o v e r e d ?
(c ) Wh a t o p e r a t i o n s a r e n o t c o v e r e d ?
(d ) H o w a r e t e r m s u s e d i n §§ 1910.123
t h r o u g h 1910.126 d e fi n e d ?
§ 1910.124 Gen era l requ irem en t s f or d ip p in g a n d
coa t in g op era t ion s.
(a ) Wh a t c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y
t o dip t a n k s?
(b ) Wh a t v e n t i l a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
va por a r ea s?
(c ) Wh a t r e q u i r e m e n t s m u s t I fo l l o w t o r e -
cir cu la t e exh a u st a ir in t o t h e wor k pla ce?
(d ) Wh a t m u s t I d o w h e n I u s e a n e x h a u s t
h ood?
(e ) Wh a t r e q u i r e m e n t s m u s t I fo l l o w w h e n
a n em ploy ee en t er s a dip t a n k ?
(f) Wh a t fi r s t -a i d p r o c e d u r e s m u s t m y e m -
ploy ees k n ow?
(g ) Wh a t h y g i e n e fa c i l i t i e s m u s t I p r o v i d e ?
(h ) Wh a t t r e a t m e n t a n d fi r s t a i d m u s t I
pr ovide?
(i ) Wh a t m u s t I d o b e fo r e a n e m p l o y e e
clea n s a dip t a n k ?
(j ) Wh a t m u s t I d o t o i n s p e c t a n d m a i n t a i n
m y dippin g or coa t in g oper a t ion ?
§ 1910.125 A d d it ion a l requ irem en t s f or d ip p in g
a n d coa t in g op era t ion s t h a t u se f la m m a ble or
com bu st ible liqu id s.
(a ) Wh a t t y p e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l
m u st be u sed in m a k in g m y dip t a n k ?
(b ) Wh e n m u s t I p r o v i d e o v e r fl o w p i p i n g ?
(c ) Wh e n m u s t I p r o v i d e a b o t t o m d r a i n ?
(d ) Wh e n m u s t m y c o n v e y e r s y s t e m s h u t
down a u t om a t ica lly ?
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(e ) Wh a t i g n i t i o n a n d fu e l s o u r c e s m u s t b e
con t r olled?
(f) Wh a t fi r e p r o t e c t i o n m u s t I p r o v i d e ?
(g ) T o w h a t t e m p e r a t u r e m a y I h e a t a l i q -
u id in a dip t a n k ?
§ 1910.126 A d d it ion a l requ irem en t s f or sp ecia l
d ip p in g a n d coa t in g op era t ion s.
(a ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
h a r den in g or t em per in g t a n k s?
(b ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
fl o w c o a t i n g ?
(c ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
r oll coa t in g, r oll spr ea din g, or r oll im pr eg-
n a t in g?
(d ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
va por degr ea sin g t a n k s?
(e ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
cy a n ide t a n k s?
(f) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
spr a y clea n in g t a n k s a n d spr a y degr ea sin g
t a n k s?
(g ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y t o
elect r ost a t ic pa in t det ea r in g?
§ 1910.123 Dipping and coating oper-
ations: Coverage and definitions.
(a ) D o e s t h i s r u l e a p p l y t o m e ? (1)
T h i s r u l e (§§ 1910.123 t h r o u g h 1910.126)
a pplies wh en y ou u se a dip t a n k con -
t a in in g a liqu id ot h er t h a n wa t er . It
a pplies wh en y ou u se t h e liqu id in t h e
t a n k or it s va por t o:
(i ) Cl e a n a n o b j e c t ;
(i i ) Co a t a n o b j e c t ;
(i i i ) A l t e r t h e s u r fa c e o f a n o b j e c t ; o r
(i v ) Ch a n g e t h e c h a r a c t e r o f a n o b -
ject .
(2) T h i s r u l e a l s o a p p l i e s t o t h e d r a i n -
in g or dr y in g of a n object y ou h a ve
dipped or coa t ed.
(b ) Wh a t o p e r a t i o n s a r e c o v e r e d ? E x -
a m ples of cover ed oper a t ion s a r e pa in t
dippin g, elect r opla t in g, pick lin g,
qu en ch in g, t a n n in g, degr ea sin g, st r ip-
p i n g , c l e a n i n g , r o l l c o a t i n g , fl o w c o a t -
in g, a n d cu r t a in coa t in g.
(c ) Wh a t o p e r a t i o n s a r e n o t c o v e r e d ?
You a r e n ot cover ed by t h is r u le if y ou r
d i p -t a n k o p e r a t i o n o n l y u s e s a m o l t e n
m a t e r i a l (a m o l t e n m e t a l , a l l o y , o r
s a l t , fo r e x a m p l e ).
(d ) H o w a r e t e r m s u s e d i n §§ 1910.123
t h r o u g h 1910.126 d e fi n e d ?
A d ja cen t a rea m e a n s a n y a r e a w i t h i n
20 fe e t (6.1 m ) o f a v a p o r a r e a t h a t i s
n o t s e p a r a t e d fr o m t h e v a p o r a r e a b y
t igh t pa r t it ion s.
A p p rov ed m e a n s t h a t t h e e q u i p m e n t
so design a t ed is list ed or a ppr oved by a
n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t o r y , a s d e fi n e d b y § 1910.7.
411
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§ 1910.124
A u t oign it ion t em p era t u re m e a n s t h e
m in im u m t em per a t u r e r equ ir ed t o
c a u s e s e l f-s u s t a i n e d c o m b u s t i o n , i n d e -
pen den t of a n y ot h er sou r ce of h ea t .
Com bu st ible liqu id m e a n s a l i q u i d h a v -
i n g a fl a s h p o i n t o f 100 °F (37.8 °C) o r
a bove.
D ip t a n k m e a n s a c o n t a i n e r h o l d i n g a
liqu id ot h er t h a n wa t er a n d t h a t is
u s e d fo r d i p p i n g o r c o a t i n g . A n o b j e c t
m a y b e i m m e r s e d (o r p a r t i a l l y i m -
m er sed) in a dip t a n k or it m a y be su s-
p e n d e d i n a v a p o r c o m i n g fr o m t h e
t ank .
F la m m a ble liqu id m e a n s a l i q u i d h a v -
i n g a fl a s h p o i n t b e l o w 100 °F (37.8 °C).
F la sh p oin t m e a n s t h e m i n i m u m t e m -
p e r a t u r e a t w h i c h a l i q u i d g i v e s o ff a
v a p o r i n s u ffi c i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n t o i g -
n it e if t est ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e
d e fi n i t i o n of ‘‘fl a s h p o i n t ’’ in
§ 1910.1200(c ).
L ow er f la m m a ble lim it (L F L ) m e a n s
t h e lowest con cen t r a t ion of a m a t er ia l
t h a t w i l l p r o p a g a t e a fl a m e . T h e L F L
is u su a lly expr essed a s a per cen t by
v o l u m e o f t h e m a t e r i a l i n a i r (o r o t h e r
o x i d a n t ).
V a p or a rea m e a n s a n y s p a c e c o n -
t a in in g a dip t a n k , in clu din g it s dr a in
boa r ds, a ssocia t ed dr y in g or con vey in g
equ ipm en t , a n d a n y su r r ou n din g a r ea
wh er e t h e va por con cen t r a t ion exceeds
25% o f t h e L F L o f t h e l i q u i d i n t h e
t ank .
Y ou m e a n s t h e e m p l o y e r , a s d e fi n e d
b y t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h
A c t o f 1970 (29 U .S .C. 651 et seq.).
§ 1910.124 General requirements for
dipping and coating operations.
(a ) Wh a t c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s
a pply t o dip t a n k s? An y con t a in er t h a t
y ou u se a s a dip t a n k m u st be st r on g
en ou gh t o wit h st a n d a n y expect ed loa d.
(b ) Wh a t v e n t i l a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s
a p p l y t o v a p o r a r e a s ? (1) T h e v e n t i l a -
t ion t h a t y ou pr ovide t o a va por a r ea
m u st k eep t h e a ir bor n e con cen t r a t ion
o f a n y s u b s t a n c e b e l o w 25% o f i t s L F L .
(2) Wh e n a l i q u i d i n a d i p t a n k c r e -
a t e s a n e x p o s u r e h a za r d c o v e r e d b y a
st a n da r d list ed in su bpa r t Z of t h is
pa r t , y ou m u st con t r ol wor k er expo-
su r e a s r equ ir ed by t h a t st a n da r d.
(3) Y o u m a y u s e a t a n k c o v e r o r m a -
t e r i a l t h a t fl o a t s o n t h e s u r fa c e o f t h e
liqu id in a dip t a n k t o r epla ce or su p-
plem en t ven t ila t ion . T h e m et h od or
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.124
com bin a t ion of m et h ods y ou ch oose
m u st m a in t a in t h e a ir bor n e con cen t r a -
t i o n o f t h e h a za r d o u s m a t e r i a l a n d t h e
w o r k e r ’s e x p o s u r e w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (b )(1) a n d (b )(2)
of t h is sect ion .
(4) Wh e n y o u u s e m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a -
t i o n , i t m u s t c o n fo r m t o t h e fo l l o w i n g
s t a n d a r d s t h a t a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6:
(i ) A N S I Z 9.2–1979, F u n d a m e n t a l s
G o v e r n i n g t h e D e s i g n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f
L oca l E xh a u st S y st em s;
(i i ) N F P A 34–1995, S t a n d a r d fo r D i p
T a n k s Co n t a i n i n g F l a m m a b l e o r Co m -
bu st ible L iqu ids;
(i i i ) A CG I H ’s ‘‘I n d u s t r i a l V e n t i l a t i o n :
A M a n u a l o f R e c o m m e n d e d P r a c t i c e ’’
(22n d e d ., 1995); o r
(i v ) A N S I Z 9.1–1971, P r a c t i c e s fo r
V e n t i l a t i o n a n d Op e r a t i o n o f Op e n -S u r -
fa c e T a n k s , a n d N F P A 34–1966, S t a n d -
a r d fo r D i p T a n k s Co n t a i n i n g F l a m -
m a b l e o r Co m b u s t i b l e L i q u i d s .
(5) Wh e n y o u u s e m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a -
t i o n , i t m u s t d r a w t h e fl o w o f a i r i n t o
a h ood or exh a u st du ct .
(6) Wh e n y o u u s e m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a -
t ion , ea ch dip t a n k m u st h a ve a n in de-
pen den t exh a u st sy st em u n less t h e
com bin a t ion of su bst a n ces bein g r e-
m oved will n ot ca u se a :
(i ) F i r e ;
(i i ) E x p l o s i o n ; o r
(i i i ) Ch e m i c a l r e a c t i o n .
(c ) Wh a t r e q u i r e m e n t s m u s t I fo l l o w
t o r ecir cu la t e exh a u st a ir in t o t h e
w o r k p l a c e ? (1) Y o u m a y n o t r e c i r c u l a t e
exh a u st a ir wh en a n y su bst a n ce in t h a t
a i r p o s e s a h e a l t h h a za r d t o e m p l o y e e s
o r e x c e e d s 25% o f i t s L F L .
(2) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t a n y e x h a u s t
a i r r e c i r c u l a t e d fr o m a d i p p i n g o r c o a t -
i n g o p e r a t i o n u s i n g fl a m m a b l e o r c o m -
bu st ible liqu ids is:
(i ) F r e e o f a n y s o l i d p a r t i c u l a t e t h a t
p o s e s a h e a l t h o r s a fe t y h a za r d fo r e m -
ploy ees; a n d
(i i ) M o n i t o r e d b y a p p r o v e d e q u i p -
m en t .
(3) Y o u m u s t h a v e a s y s t e m t h a t
sou n ds a n a la r m a n d a u t om a t ica lly
sh u t s down t h e oper a t ion wh en t h e
v a p o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n fo r a n y s u b s t a n c e
i n t h e e x h a u s t a i r s t r e a m e x c e e d s 25%
of it s L F L .
(d ) Wh a t m u s t I d o w h e n I u s e a n e x -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h a u st h ood? You m u st :
412
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(1) P r o v i d e e a c h r o o m h a v i n g e x h a u s t
h oods wit h a volu m e of ou t side a ir t h a t
i s a t l e a s t 90 p e r c e n t o f t h e v o l u m e o f
t h e exh a u st a ir ; a n d
(2) E n s u r e t h a t t h e o u t s i d e a i r s u p p l y
does n ot da m a ge exh a u st h oods.
(e ) Wh a t r e q u i r e m e n t s m u s t I fo l l o w
wh en a n em ploy ee en t er s a dip t a n k ?
Wh e n a n e m p l o y e e e n t e r s a d i p t a n k ,
y ou m u st m eet t h e en t r y r equ ir em en t s
o f § 1910.146, OS H A ’s s t a n d a r d fo r P e r -
m i t -R e q u i r e d Co n fi n e d S p a c e s , a s a p -
plica ble.
(f) Wh a t fi r s t -a i d p r o c e d u r e s m u s t m y
em ploy ees k n ow? You r em ploy ees m u st
k n o w t h e fi r s t -a i d p r o c e d u r e s t h a t a r e
a ppr opr ia t e t o t h e dippin g or coa t in g
h a za r d s t o w h i c h t h e y a r e e x p o s e d .
(g ) Wh a t h y g i e n e fa c i l i t i e s m u s t I
p r o v i d e ? Wh e n y o u r e m p l o y e e s w o r k
wit h liqu ids t h a t m a y bu r n , ir r it a t e, or
ot h er wise h a r m t h eir sk in , y ou m u st
pr ovide:
(1) L o c k e r s p a c e o r o t h e r s t o r a g e
spa ce t o pr even t con t a m in a t ion of t h e
e m p l o y e e ’s s t r e e t c l o t h e s ;
(2) A n e m e r g e n c y s h o w e r a n d e y e -
wa sh st a t ion close t o t h e dippin g or
coa t in g oper a t ion . In pla ce of t h is
equ ipm en t , y ou m a y u se a wa t er h ose
t h a t i s a t l e a s t 4 fe e t (1.22 m ) l o n g a n d
a t l e a s t 3⁄4 o f a n i n c h (18 m m ) t h i c k
w i t h a q u i c k -o p e n i n g v a l v e a n d c a r -
r y i n g a p r e s s u r e o f 25 p o u n d s p e r
s q u a r e i n c h (1.62 k /c m 2) o r l e s s ; a n d
(3) A t l e a s t o n e b a s i n w i t h a h o t -
w a t e r fa u c e t fo r e v e r y 10 e m p l o y e e s
w h o w o r k w i t h s u c h l i q u i d s . (S e e p a r a -
g r a p h (d ) o f § 1910.141.)
(h ) Wh a t t r e a t m e n t a n d fi r s t a i d
m u s t I p r o v i d e ? Wh e n y o u r e m p l o y e e s
wor k wit h liqu ids t h a t m a y bu r n , ir r i-
t a t e, or ot h er wise h a r m t h eir sk in , y ou
m u st pr ovide:
(1) A p h y s i c i a n ’s a p p r o v a l b e fo r e a n
em ploy ee wit h a sor e, bu r n , or ot h er
sk in lesion t h a t r equ ir es m edica l t r ea t -
m en t wor k s in a va por a r ea ;
(2) T r e a t m e n t b y a p r o p e r l y d e s -
ign a t ed per son of a n y sm a ll sk in a br a -
sion , cu t , r a sh , or open sor e;
(3) A p p r o p r i a t e fi r s t -a i d s u p p l i e s t h a t
a r e loca t ed n ea r t h e dippin g or coa t in g
oper a t ion ; a n d
(4) F o r e m p l o y e e s w h o w o r k w i t h
ch r om ic a cid, per iodic exa m in a t ion s of
t h eir exposed body pa r t s, especia lly
t h eir n ost r ils.
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i ) Wh a t m u s t I d o b e fo r e a n e m -
p l o y e e c l e a n s a d i p t a n k ? B e fo r e p e r -
m it t in g a n em ploy ee t o clea n t h e in t e-
r ior of a dip t a n k , y ou m u st :
(1) D r a i n t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e t a n k
a n d open t h e clea n ou t door s; a n d
(2) V e n t i l a t e a n d c l e a r a n y p o c k e t s
w h e r e h a za r d o u s v a p o r s m a y h a v e a c -
cu m u la t ed.
(j ) Wh a t m u s t I d o t o i n s p e c t a n d
m a in t a in m y dippin g or coa t in g oper -
a t ion ? You m u st :
(1) I n s p e c t t h e h o o d s a n d d u c t w o r k o f
t h e v e n t i l a t i o n s y s t e m fo r c o r r o s i o n o r
da m a ge:
(i ) A t l e a s t q u a r t e r l y d u r i n g o p e r -
a t ion ; a n d
(i i ) P r i o r t o o p e r a t i o n a ft e r a p r o -
lon ged sh u t down .
(2) E n s u r e t h a t t h e a i r fl o w i s a d e -
qu a t e:
(i ) A t l e a s t q u a r t e r l y d u r i n g o p e r -
a t ion ; a n d
(i i ) P r i o r t o o p e r a t i o n a ft e r a p r o -
lon ged sh u t down .
(3) P e r i o d i c a l l y i n s p e c t a l l d i p p i n g
a n d coa t in g equ ipm en t , in clu din g cov-
You must comply with this section if:
•The flashpoint of the flammable or combustible liq- •The liquid is heated as part of the operation; or
uid is 200 °F (93.3 °C) or above.
•A heated object is placed in the liquid.
(a ) Wh a t t y p e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e -
r ia l m u st be u sed in m a k in g m y dip
t a n k ? You r dip t a n k m u st be m a de of
n on com bu st ible m a t er ia l.
(b ) Wh e n m u s t I p r o v i d e o v e r fl o w p i p -
i n g ? (1) Y o u m u s t p r o v i d e p r o p e r l y
t r a p p e d o v e r fl o w p i p i n g t h a t d i s c h a r g e s
t o a s a fe l o c a t i o n fo r a n y d i p t a n k h a v -
in g:
(i ) A c a p a c i t y g r e a t e r t h a n 150 g a l -
l o n s (568 L ); o r
(i i ) A l i q u i d s u r fa c e a r e a g r e a t e r t h a n
10 fe e t 2 (0.95 m 2).
(2) Y o u m u s t a l s o e n s u r e t h a t :
(i ) A n y o v e r fl o w p i p i n g i s a t l e a s t 3
i n c h e s (7.6 c m ) i n d i a m e t e r a n d h a s s u f-
fi c i e n t c a p a c i t y t o p r e v e n t t h e d i p t a n k
fr o m o v e r fl o w i n g ;
(i i ) P i p i n g c o n n e c t i o n s o n d r a i n s a n d
o v e r fl o w p i p e s a l l o w r e a d y a c c e s s t o
t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e p i p e fo r i n s p e c t i o n
a n d clea n in g; a n d
(i i i ) T h e b o t t o m o f t h e o v e r fl o w c o n -
n e c t i o n i s a t l e a s t 6 i n c h e s (15.2 c m )
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
below t h e t op of t h e dip t a n k .
413
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00423 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.125
e r s , d r a i n s , o v e r fl o w p i p i n g , a n d e l e c -
t r i c a l a n d fi r e -e x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e m s ,
a n d p r o m p t l y c o r r e c t a n y d e fi c i e n c i e s ;
(4) P r o v i d e m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n o r
r e s p i r a t o r s (s e l e c t e d a n d u s e d a s s p e c i -
fi e d i n § 1910.134, OS H A ’s R e s p i r a t o r y
P r ot ect ion st a n da r d) t o pr ot ect em -
p l o y e e s i n t h e v a p o r a r e a fr o m e x p o -
su r e t o t oxic su bst a n ces r elea sed du r -
i n g w e l d i n g , b u r n i n g , o r o p e n -fl a m e
wor k ; a n d
(5) H a v e dip t a n k s t h or ou gh ly
c l e a n e d o f s o l v e n t s a n d v a p o r s b e fo r e
per m it t in g weldin g, bu r n in g, or open -
fl a m e w o r k o n t h e m .
§ 1910.125 Additional requirements for
dipping and coating operations that
use flammable or combustible liq-
uids.
I f y o u u s e fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
liqu ids, y ou m u st com ply wit h t h e r e-
qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion a s well a s
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n s 1910.123,
1910.124, a n d 1910.126, a s a p p l i c a b l e .
And:
(c ) Wh e n m u s t I p r o v i d e a b o t t o m
d r a i n ? (1) Y o u m u s t p r o v i d e a b o t t o m
d r a i n fo r d i p t a n k s t h a t c o n t a i n m o r e
t h a n 500 g a l l o n s (1893 L ) o f l i q u i d , u n -
less:
(i ) T h e d i p t a n k i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a n
a u t om a t ic closin g cover m eet in g t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(3) o f t h i s
sect ion ; or
(i i ) T h e v i s c o s i t y o f t h e l i q u i d a t n o r -
m a l a t m osph er ic t em per a t u r e does n ot
a l l o w t h e l i q u i d t o fl o w o r b e p u m p e d
ea sily .
(2) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t t h e b o t t o m
dr a in r equ ir ed by t h is sect ion :
(i ) Wi l l e m p t y t h e d i p t a n k d u r i n g a
fi r e ;
(i i ) I s p r o p e r l y t r a p p e d ;
(i i i ) H a s p i p e s t h a t p e r m i t t h e d i p
t a n k ’s c o n t e n t s t o b e r e m o v e d w i t h i n
fi v e m i n u t e s a ft e r a fi r e b e g i n s ; a n d
(i v ) D i s c h a r g e s t o a s a fe l o c a t i o n .
(3) A n y b o t t o m d r a i n y o u p r o v i d e
m u st be ca pa ble of m a n u a l a n d a u t o-
m a t ic oper a t ion , a n d m a n u a l oper a t ion
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.126
m u s t b e fr o m a s a fe a n d a c c e s s i b l e l o -
ca t ion .
(4) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t a u t o m a t i c
p u m p s a r e u s e d w h e n g r a v i t y fl o w fr o m
t h e bot t om dr a in is im pr a ct ica l.
(d ) Wh e n m u s t m y c o n v e y o r s y s t e m
sh u t down a u t om a t ica lly ? If y ou r con -
vey or sy st em is u sed wit h a dip t a n k ,
t h e sy st em m u st sh u t down a u t om a t i-
ca lly :
(1) I f t h e r e i s a fi r e ; o r
(2) I f t h e v e n t i l a t i o n r a t e d r o p s b e l o w
w h a t i s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f
§ 1910.124.
(e ) Wh a t i g n i t i o n a n d fu e l s o u r c e s
m u s t b e c o n t r o l l e d ? (1) I n e a c h v a p o r
a r ea a n d a n y a dja cen t a r ea , y ou m u st
en su r e t h a t :
(i ) A l l e l e c t r i c a l w i r i n g a n d e q u i p -
m e n t c o n fo r m t o t h e a p p l i c a b l e h a z-
a r d o u s (c l a s s i fi e d )-a r e a r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
s u b p a r t S o f t h i s p a r t (e x c e p t a s s p e -
c i fi c a l l y p e r m i t t e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g ) o f
§ 1910.126); a n d
(i i ) T h e r e a r e n o fl a m e s , s p a r k -p r o -
d u c i n g d e v i c e s , o r o t h e r s u r fa c e s t h a t
a r e h ot en ou gh t o ign it e va por s.
(2) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t a n y p o r t -
a ble con t a in er u sed t o a dd liqu id t o t h e
t a n k is elect r ica lly bon ded t o t h e dip
t a n k a n d posit ively gr ou n ded t o pr e-
ven t st a t ic elect r ica l spa r k s or a r cs.
(3) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t a h e a t i n g
sy st em t h a t is u sed in a dr y in g oper -
a t ion a n d cou ld ca u se ign it ion :
(i ) I s i n s t a l l e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
N F P A 86A –1969, S t a n d a r d fo r Ov e n s a n d
F u r n a c e s (w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e i n § 1910.6 o f t h i s p a r t );
(i i ) H a s a d e q u a t e m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a -
t i o n t h a t o p e r a t e s b e fo r e a n d d u r i n g
t h e dr y in g oper a t ion ; a n d
(i i i ) S h u t s d o w n a u t o m a t i c a l l y i f a n y
v e n t i l a t i n g fa n fa i l s t o m a i n t a i n a d e -
qu a t e ven t ila t ion .
(4) Y o u a l s o m u s t e n s u r e t h a t :
(i ) A l l v a p o r a r e a s a r e fr e e o f c o m b u s -
t i b l e d e b r i s a n d a s fr e e a s p r a c t i c a b l e
of com bu st ible st ock ;
(i i ) R a g s a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l c o n t a m i -
n a t e d w i t h l i q u i d s fr o m d i p p i n g o r
coa t in g oper a t ion s a r e pla ced in a p-
p r o v e d w a s t e c a n s i m m e d i a t e l y a ft e r
u se; a n d
(i i i ) Wa s t e c a n c o n t e n t s a r e p r o p e r l y
d i s p o s e d o f a t t h e e n d o f e a c h s h i ft .
(5) Y o u m u s t p r o h i b i t s m o k i n g i n a
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
va por a r ea a n d m u st post a r ea dily
414
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00424 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
v i s i b l e ‘‘N o S m o k i n g ’’ s i g n n e a r e a c h
dip t a n k .
(f) Wh a t fi r e p r o t e c t i o n m u s t I p r o -
v i d e ? (1) Y o u m u s t p r o v i d e t h e fi r e p r o -
t e c t i o n r e q u i r e d b y t h i s p a r a g r a p h (f)
fo r :
(i ) A n y d i p t a n k h a v i n g a c a p a c i t y o f
a t l e a s t 150 g a l l o n s (568 L ) o r a l i q u i d
s u r fa c e a r e a o f a t l e a s t 4 fe e t 2 (0.38
m 1); a n d
(i i ) A n y h a r d e n i n g o r t e m p e r i n g t a n k
h a v i n g a c a p a c i t y o f a t l e a s t 500 g a l -
l o n s (1893 L ) o r a l i q u i d s u r fa c e a r e a o f
a t l e a s t 25 fe e t 2 (2.37 m 2).
(2) F o r e v e r y v a p o r a r e a , y o u m u s t
pr ovide:
(i ) M a n u a l fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s t h a t a r e
s u i t a b l e fo r fl a m m a b l e a n d c o m b u s -
t i b l e l i q u i d fi r e s a n d t h a t c o n fo r m t o
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.157; a n d
(i i ) A n a u t o m a t i c fi r e -e x t i n g u i s h i n g
s y s t e m t h a t c o n fo r m s t o t h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s of su bpa r t L of t h is pa r t .
(3) Y o u m a y s u b s t i t u t e a c o v e r t h a t
is closed by a n a ppr oved a u t om a t ic de-
v i c e fo r t h e a u t o m a t i c fi r e -e x t i n -
gu ish in g sy st em if t h e cover :
(i ) Ca n a l s o b e a c t i v a t e d m a n u a l l y ;
(i i ) I s n o n c o m b u s t i b l e o r t i n -c l a d ,
wit h t h e en closin g m et a l a pplied wit h
lock ed join t s; a n d
(i i i ) I s k e p t c l o s e d w h e n t h e d i p t a n k
is n ot in u se.
(g ) T o w h a t t e m p e r a t u r e m a y I h e a t
a liqu id in a dip t a n k ? You m u st m a in -
t a in t h e t em per a t u r e of t h e liqu id in a
dip t a n k :
(1) B e l o w t h e l i q u i d ’s b o i l i n g p o i n t ;
and
(2) A t l e a s t 100 °F (37.8 °C) b e l o w t h e
l i q u i d ’s a u t o i g n i t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e .
§ 1910.126 Additional requirements for
special dipping and coating oper-
ations.
In a ddit ion t o t h e r equ ir em en t s in
§§ 1910.123 t h r o u g h 1910.125, y o u m u s t
com ply wit h a n y r equ ir em en t in t h is
sect ion t h a t a pplies t o y ou r oper a t ion .
(a ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a pply t o h a r den in g or t em per in g
t a n k s?
(1) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t h a r d e n i n g
or t em per in g t a n k s:
(i ) A r e l o c a t e d a s fa r a s p r a c t i c a b l e
fr o m fu r n a c e s ;
(i i ) A r e o n n o n c o m b u s t i b l e fl o o r i n g ;
and
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i i ) H a v e n o n c o m b u s t i b l e h o o d s a n d
v e n t s (o r e q u i v a l e n t d e v i c e s ) fo r v e n t -
in g t o t h e ou t side. F or t h is pu r pose,
v e n t d u c t s m u s t b e t r e a t e d a s fl u e s a n d
k e p t a w a y fr o m c o m b u s t i b l e m a t e r i a l s ,
p a r t i c u l a r l y r o o fs .
(2) Y o u m u s t e q u i p e a c h t a n k w i t h a n
a la r m t h a t will sou n d if t h e t em per a -
t u r e o f t h e l i q u i d c o m e s w i t h i n 50 °F (10
°C) o f i t s fl a s h p o i n t (t h e a l a r m s e t
p o i n t ).
(3) Wh e n p r a c t i c a b l e , y o u m u s t a l s o
pr ovide ea ch t a n k wit h a lim it swit ch
t o sh u t down t h e con vey or su pply in g
wor k t o t h e t a n k .
(4) I f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e l i q u i d
ca n exceed t h e a la r m set poin t , y ou
m u st equ ip t h e t a n k wit h a cir cu la t in g
coolin g sy st em .
(5) I f t h e t a n k h a s a b o t t o m d r a i n ,
t h e bot t om dr a in m a y be com bin ed
w i t h t h e o i l -c i r c u l a t i n g s y s t e m .
(6) Y o u m u s t n o t u s e a i r u n d e r p r e s -
s u r e w h e n y o u fi l l t h e d i p t a n k o r a g i -
t a t e t h e liqu id in t h e dip t a n k .
(b ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a p p l y t o fl o w c o a t i n g ? (1) Y o u m u s t u s e
a d i r e c t l o w -p r e s s u r e p u m p i n g s y s t e m
o r a 10-g a l l o n (38 L ) o r s m a l l e r g r a v i t y
t a n k t o s u p p l y t h e p a i n t fo r fl o w c o a t -
i n g . I n c a s e o f fi r e , a n a p p r o v e d h e a t -
a ct u a t ed device m u st sh u t down t h e
pu m pin g sy st em .
(2) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t t h e p i p i n g
is su bst a n t ia l a n d r igidly su ppor t ed.
(c ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a pply t o r oll coa t in g, r oll spr ea din g, or
r o l l i m p r e g n a t i n g ? Wh e n t h e s e o p e r -
a t i o n s u s e a fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e
l i q u i d t h a t h a s a fl a s h p o i n t b e l o w 140
°F (60 °C), y o u m u s t p r e v e n t s p a r k i n g
of st a t ic elect r icit y by :
(1) B o n d i n g a n d g r o u n d i n g a l l m e t a l -
l i c p a r t s (i n c l u d i n g r o t a t i n g p a r t s ) a n d
in st a llin g st a t ic collect or s; or
(2) M a i n t a i n i n g a c o n d u c t i v e a t m o s -
p h e r e (fo r e x a m p l e , o n e w i t h a h i g h r e l -
a t ive h u m idit y ) in t h e va por a r ea .
(d ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a p p l y t o v a p o r d e g r e a s i n g t a n k s ? (1)
You m u st en su r e t h a t t h e con den ser or
v a p o r -l e v e l t h e r m o s t a t k e e p s t h e v a p o r
l e v e l a t l e a s t 36 i n c h e s (91 c m ) o r o n e -
h a lf t h e t a n k widt h , wh ich ever is less,
below t h e t op of t h e va por degr ea sin g
t ank .
(2) Wh e n y o u u s e g a s a s a fu e l t o h e a t
t h e t a n k liqu id, y ou m u st pr even t sol-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
v e n t v a p o r s fr o m e n t e r i n g t h e a i r -fu e l
415
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00425 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.126
m ixt u r e. T o do t h is, y ou m u st m a k e
t h e c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r a i r t i g h t (e x -
c e p t fo r t h e fl u e o p e n i n g ).
(3) T h e fl u e m u s t b e m a d e o f c o r r o -
s i o n -r e s i s t a n t m a t e r i a l , a n d i t m u s t e x -
t en d t o t h e ou t side. You m u st in st a ll a
d r a ft d i v e r t e r i f m e c h a n i c a l e x h a u s t i s
u s e d o n t h e fl u e .
(4) Y o u m u s t n o t a l l o w t h e t e m p e r a -
t u r e of t h e h ea t in g elem en t t o ca u se a
solven t or m ixt u r e t o decom pose or t o
gen er a t e a n excessive a m ou n t of va por .
(e ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a pply t o cy a n ide t a n k s? You m u st en -
su r e t h a t cy a n ide t a n k s h a ve a dik e or
o t h e r s a fe g u a r d t o p r e v e n t c y a n i d e
fr o m m i x i n g w i t h a n a c i d i f a d i p t a n k
fa i l s .
(f) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a pply t o spr a y clea n in g t a n k s a n d
spr a y degr ea sin g t a n k s? If y ou spr a y a
l i q u i d i n t h e a i r o v e r a n o p e n -s u r fa c e
clea n in g or degr ea sin g t a n k , y ou m u st
c o n t r o l t h e s p r a y i n g t o t h e e x t e n t fe a -
sible by :
(1) E n c l o s i n g t h e s p r a y i n g o p e r a t i o n ;
and
(2) U s i n g m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n t o
pr ovide en ou gh in wa r d a ir velocit y t o
p r e v e n t t h e s p r a y fr o m l e a v i n g t h e
va por a r ea .
(g ) Wh a t a d d i t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
a pply t o elect r ost a t ic pa in t det ea r in g?
(1) Y o u m u s t u s e o n l y a p p r o v e d e l e c t r o -
s t a t i c e q u i p m e n t i n p a i n t -d e t e a r i n g o p -
er a t ion s. E lect r odes in su ch equ ipm en t
m u st be su bst a n t ia l, r igidly su ppor t ed,
p e r m a n e n t l y l o c a t e d , a n d e ffe c t i v e l y
i n s u l a t e d fr o m g r o u n d b y n o n p o r o u s ,
n on com bu st ible, clea n , dr y in su la t or s.
(2) Y o u m u s t u s e c o n v e y o r s t o s u p -
por t a n y goods bein g pa in t det ea r ed.
(3) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t g o o d s b e i n g
elect r ost a t ica lly det ea r ed are n ot
m a n u a lly h a n dled.
(4) B e t w e e n g o o d s b e i n g e l e c t r o -
st a t ica lly det ea r ed a n d t h e elect r odes
or con du ct or s of t h e elect r ost a t ic
equ ipm en t , y ou m u st m a in t a in a m in -
im u m dist a n ce of t wice t h e spa r k in g
dist a n ce. T h is m in im u m dist a n ce m u st
be displa y ed con spicu ou sly on a sign
loca t ed n ea r t h e equ ipm en t .
(5) Y o u m u s t e n s u r e t h a t t h e e l e c t r o -
st a t ic equ ipm en t h a s a u t om a t ic con -
t r ols t h a t im m edia t ely discon n ect t h e
p o w e r s u p p l y t o t h e h i g h -v o l t a g e t r a n s -
fo r m e r a n d s i g n a l t h e o p e r a t o r i f:
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.132
(i ) V e n t i l a t i o n o r t h e c o n v e y o r s fa i l
t o oper a t e;
(i i ) A g r o u n d (o r i m m i n e n t g r o u n d )
o c c u r s a n y w h e r e i n t h e h i g h -v o l t a g e
sy st em ; or
(i i i ) G o o d s b e i n g e l e c t r o s t a t i c a l l y
det ea r ed com e wit h in t wice t h e spa r k -
in g dist a n ce of t h e elect r odes or con -
du ct or s of t h e equ ipm en t .
(6) Y o u m u s t u s e fe n c e s , r a i l s , o r
gu a r ds, m a de of con du ct in g m a t er ia l
a n d a dequ a t ely gr ou n ded, t o sepa r a t e
p a i n t -d e t e a r i n g o p e r a t i o n s fr o m s t o r -
a g e a r e a s a n d fr o m p e r s o n n e l .
(7) T o p r o t e c t p a i n t -d e t e a r i n g o p e r -
a t i o n s fr o m fi r e , y o u m u s t h a v e i n
pla ce:
(i ) A u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r s ; o r
(i i ) A n a u t o m a t i c fi r e -e x t i n g u i s h i n g
s y s t e m c o n fo r m i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
of su bpa r t L of t h is pa r t .
(8) T o c o l l e c t p a i n t d e p o s i t s , y o u
m u st :
(i ) P r o v i d e d r i p p l a t e s a n d s c r e e n s ;
and
(i i ) Cl e a n t h e s e p l a t e s a n d s c r e e n s i n
a s a fe l o c a t i o n .
Subpart I—Personal Protective
Equipment
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c t i o n s 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u -
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657); a n d S e c r e t a r y o f L a -
b o r ’s Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–
96 (62 F R 111), 3–2000 (62 F R 50017), o r 5–2002
(67 F R 65008), a s a p p l i c a b l e .
S e c t i o n s 1910.132, 1910.134, a n d 1910.138 o f 29
CF R a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r 29 CF R p a r t 1911.
S e c t i o n s 1910.133, 1910.135, a n d 1910.136 o f 29
CF R a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r 29 CF R p a r t 1911 a n d
5 U .S .C. 553.
§ 1910.132 General requirements.
(a ) A p p lica t ion . P r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t ,
in clu din g per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ip-
m e n t fo r e y e s , fa c e , h e a d , a n d e x t r e m -
it ies, pr ot ect ive clot h in g, r espir a t or y
devices, a n d pr ot ect ive sh ields a n d ba r -
r ier s, sh a ll be pr ovided, u sed, a n d
m a in t a in ed in a sa n it a r y a n d r elia ble
con dit ion wh er ever it is n ecessa r y by
r e a s o n o f h a za r d s o f p r o c e s s e s o r e n v i -
r o n m e n t , c h e m i c a l h a za r d s , r a d i o -
l o g i c a l h a za r d s , o r m e c h a n i c a l i r r i -
t a n t s en cou n t er ed in a m a n n er ca pa ble
of ca u sin g in ju r y or im pa ir m en t in t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
fu n c t i o n o f a n y p a r t o f t h e b o d y
416
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t h r ou gh a bsor pt ion , in h a la t ion or
ph y sica l con t a ct .
(b ) E m p loy ee-ow n ed equ ip m en t . Wh e r e
em ploy ees pr ovide t h eir own pr ot ect ive
equ ipm en t , t h e em ploy er sh a ll be r e-
spon sible t o a ssu r e it s a dequ a cy , in -
clu din g pr oper m a in t en a n ce, a n d sa n i-
t a t ion of su ch equ ipm en t .
(c ) D esign . A l l p e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e
e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e o f s a fe d e s i g n a n d
c o n s t r u c t i o n fo r t h e w o r k t o b e p e r -
fo r m e d .
(d ) H a z a rd a ssessm en t a n d equ ip m en t
select ion . (1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s e s s
t h e w o r k p l a c e t o d e t e r m i n e i f h a za r d s
a r e pr esen t , or a r e lik ely t o be pr esen t ,
wh ich n ecessit a t e t h e u se of per son a l
p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t (P P E ). I f s u c h
h a za r d s a r e p r e s e n t , o r l i k e l y t o b e
pr esen t , t h e em ploy er sh a ll:
(i ) S e l e c t , a n d h a v e e a c h a ffe c t e d e m -
ploy ee u se, t h e t y pes of P P E t h a t will
p r o t e c t t h e a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e fr o m t h e
h a za r d s i d e n t i fi e d i n t h e h a za r d a s s e s s -
m en t ;
(i i ) Co m m u n i c a t e s e l e c t i o n d e c i s i o n s
t o e a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e ; a n d ,
(i i i ) S e l e c t P P E t h a t p r o p e r l y fi t s
e a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e .
N OT E : N o n -m a n d a t o r y A p p e n d i x B c o n t a i n s
a n exa m ple of pr ocedu r es t h a t wou ld com ply
w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t fo r a h a za r d a s s e s s -
m en t .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l v e r i fy t h a t t h e
r e q u i r e d w o r k p l a c e h a za r d a s s e s s m e n t
h a s b e e n p e r fo r m e d t h r o u g h a w r i t t e n
c e r t i fi c a t i o n t h a t i d e n t i fi e s t h e w o r k -
p l a c e e v a l u a t e d ; t h e p e r s o n c e r t i fy i n g
t h a t t h e eva lu a t ion h a s been per -
fo r m e d ; t h e d a t e (s ) o f t h e h a za r d a s -
s e s s m e n t ; a n d , w h i c h i d e n t i fi e s t h e
d o c u m e n t a s a c e r t i fi c a t i o n o f h a za r d
a ssessm en t .
(e ) D ef ect iv e a n d d a m a ged equ ip m en t .
D e fe c t i v e o r d a m a g e d p e r s o n a l p r o t e c -
t ive equ ipm en t sh a ll n ot be u sed.
(f) T ra in in g. (1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
pr ovide t r a in in g t o ea ch em ploy ee wh o
is r equ ir ed by t h is sect ion t o u se P P E .
E a ch su ch em ploy ee sh a ll be t r a in ed t o
k n o w a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) Wh e n P P E i s n e c e s s a r y ;
(i i ) Wh a t P P E i s n e c e s s a r y ;
(i i i ) H o w t o p r o p e r l y d o n , d o ff, a d -
ju st , a n d wea r P P E ;
(i v ) T h e l i m i t a t i o n s o f t h e P P E ; a n d ,
(v ) T h e p r o p e r c a r e , m a i n t e n a n c e ,
u s e fu l l i fe a n d d i s p o s a l o f t h e P P E .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(2) E a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s h a l l d e m -
on st r a t e a n u n der st a n din g of t h e t r a in -
i n g s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (f)(1) o f t h i s
sect ion , a n d t h e a bilit y t o u se P P E
p r o p e r l y , b e fo r e b e i n g a l l o w e d t o p e r -
fo r m w o r k r e q u i r i n g t h e u s e o f P P E .
(3) Wh e n t h e e m p l o y e r h a s r e a s o n t o
b e l i e v e t h a t a n y a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e w h o
h a s a lr ea dy been t r a in ed does n ot h a ve
t h e u n der st a n din g a n d sk ill r equ ir ed by
p a r a g r a p h (f)(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll r et r a in ea ch su ch em -
p l o y e e . Ci r c u m s t a n c e s w h e r e r e t r a i n -
in g is r equ ir ed in clu de, bu t a r e n ot lim -
it ed t o, sit u a t ion s wh er e:
(i ) Ch a n g e s i n t h e w o r k p l a c e r e n d e r
pr eviou s t r a in in g obsolet e; or
(i i ) Ch a n g e s i n t h e t y p e s o f P P E t o b e
u sed r en der pr eviou s t r a in in g obsolet e;
or
(i i i ) I n a d e q u a c i e s i n a n a ffe c t e d e m -
p l o y e e ’s k n o w l e d g e o r u s e o f a s s i g n e d
P P E in dica t e t h a t t h e em ploy ee h a s
n ot r et a in ed t h e r equ isit e u n der -
st a n din g or sk ill.
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l v e r i fy t h a t
e a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e h a s r e c e i v e d
a n d u n der st ood t h e r equ ir ed t r a in in g
t h r o u g h a w r i t t e n c e r t i fi c a t i o n t h a t
con t a in s t h e n a m e of ea ch em ploy ee
t r a i n e d , t h e d a t e (s ) o f t r a i n i n g , a n d
t h a t i d e n t i fi e s t h e s u b j e c t o f t h e c e r -
t i fi c a t i o n .
(g ) P a r a g r a p h s (d ) a n d (f) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n a p p l y o n l y t o §§ 1910.133, 1910.135,
1919.136, a n d 1910.138. P a r p a g r a p h s (d )
a n d (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n d o n o t a p p l y t o
§§ 1910.134 a n d 1910.137.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 59
F R 16334, A p r . 6, 1994; 59 F R 33910, J u l y 1,
1994]
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
417
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§ 1910.133
§ 1910.133 Eye and face protection.
(a ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (1) T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t e a c h a ffe c t e d
e m p l o y e e u s e s a p p r o p r i a t e e y e o r fa c e
p r o t e c t i o n w h e n e x p o s e d t o e y e o r fa c e
h a za r d s fr o m fl y i n g p a r t i c l e s , m o l t e n
m et a l, liqu id ch em ica ls, a cids or ca u s-
t ic liqu ids, ch em ica l ga ses or va por s, or
pot en t ia lly in ju r iou s ligh t r a dia t ion .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
e a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e u s e s e y e p r o -
t ect ion t h a t pr ovides side pr ot ect ion
w h e n t h e r e i s a h a za r d fr o m fl y i n g o b -
j e c t s . D e t a c h a b l e s i d e p r o t e c t o r s (e .g .
c l i p -o n o r s l i d e -o n s i d e s h i e l d s ) m e e t i n g
t h e per t in en t r equ ir em en t s of t h is sec-
t ion a r e a ccept a ble.
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
e a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e w h o w e a r s p r e -
scr ipt ion len ses wh ile en ga ged in oper -
a t i o n s t h a t i n v o l v e e y e h a za r d s w e a r s
ey e pr ot ect ion t h a t in cor por a t es t h e
pr escr ipt ion in it s design , or wea r s ey e
pr ot ect ion t h a t ca n be wor n over t h e
pr escr ipt ion len ses wit h ou t dist u r bin g
t h e pr oper posit ion of t h e pr escr ipt ion
len ses or t h e pr ot ect ive len ses.
(4) E y e a n d fa c e P P E s h a l l b e d i s -
t i n c t l y m a r k e d t o fa c i l i t a t e i d e n t i fi c a -
t i o n o f t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
e a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e u s e s e q u i p m e n t
w i t h fi l t e r l e n s e s t h a t h a v e a s h a d e
n u m b e r a p p r o p r i a t e fo r t h e w o r k b e i n g
p e r fo r m e d fo r p r o t e c t i o n fr o m i n j u -
r i o u s l i g h t r a d i a t i o n . T h e fo l l o w i n g i s a
list in g of a ppr opr ia t e sh a de n u m ber s
fo r v a r i o u s o p e r a t i o n s .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.133 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant Energy

Electrode Size 1/32 Minimum* Pro-

Operations Arc Current
in. tective Shade

Shielded metal arc welding Less than 3 ............... Less than 60 ............. 7
3-5 ............................. 60-160 ....................... 8
5-8 ............................. 160-250 ..................... 10
More than 8 ............... 250-550 ..................... 11

Gas metal arc welding and less than 60 ............... 7

flux cored arc welding
60-160 ....................... 10
160-250 ..................... 10
250-500 ..................... 10

Gas Tungsten arc welding less than 50 ............... 8

50-150 ....................... 8
150-500 ..................... 10

Air carbon (Light) ........................ less than 500 ............. 10

Arc cutting (Heavy) ...................... 500-1000 ................... 11

Plasma arc welding less than 20 ............... 6

20-100 ....................... 8
100-400 ..................... 10
400-800 ..................... 11

Plasma arc cutting (light)** ....................... less than 300 ............. 8

(medium)** ................ 300-400 ..................... 9
(heavy)** .................... 400-800 ..................... 10

Torch brazing .................................... 3

Torch soldering .................................... 2
Carbon arc welding .................................... 14

Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant Energy

Plate thickness— Minimum* Pro-

Operations Plate thickness—mm
inches tective Shade

Gas Welding:
Light Under 1/8 .................. Under 3.2 .................. 4
Medium 1/8 to 1/2 ................... 3.2 to 12.7 ................. 5
Heavy Over 1/2 .................... Over 12.7 .................. 6

Oxygen cutting:
Light Under 1 ..................... Under 25 ................... 3
Medium 1 to 6 ......................... 25 to 150 ................... 4
Heavy Over 6 ....................... Over 150 ................... 5
* As a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a
lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the minimum. In
oxyfuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use
a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light of the (spectrum) operation.
** These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has shown that lighter
filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the workpiece.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

418

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00428 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b ) Crit eria f or p rot ect iv e ey e a n d f a ce
d ev ices. (1) P r o t e c t i v e e y e a n d fa c e d e -
v i c e s p u r c h a s e d a ft e r J u l y 5, 1994 s h a l l
c o m p l y w i t h A N S I Z 87.1–1989, ‘‘A m e r -
i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d P r a c t i c e fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l a n d E d u c a t i o n a l E y e a n d
F a c e P r o t e c t i o n ,’’ w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6, o r s h a l l b e d e m o n s t r a t e d b y t h e
e m p l o y e r t o b e e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e .
(2) E y e a n d fa c e p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s
p u r c h a s e d b e fo r e J u l y 5, 1994 s h a l l c o m -
p l y w i t h t h e A N S I ‘‘U S A s t a n d a r d fo r
Oc c u p a t i o n a l a n d E d u c a t i o n a l E y e a n d
F a c e P r o t e c t i o n ,’’ Z 87.1–1968, w h i c h i s
i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d
i n § 1910.6, o r s h a l l b e d e m o n s t r a t e d b y
t h e e m p l o y e r t o b e e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e .
[59 F R 16360, A p r . 6, 1994; 59 F R 33911, J u l y 1,
1994, a s a m e n d e d a t 61 F R 9238, M a r . 7, 1996;
61 F R 19548, M a y 2, 1996]
§ 1910.134 Respiratory protection.
T h is sect ion a pplies t o Gen er a l In -
d u s t r y (p a r t 1910), S h i p y a r d s (p a r t
1915), M a r i n e T e r m i n a l s (p a r t 1917),
L o n g s h o r i n g (p a r t 1918), a n d Co n s t r u c -
t i o n (p a r t 1926).
(a ) P erm issible p ra ct ice. (1) I n t h e c o n -
t r ol of t h ose occu pa t ion a l disea ses
ca u sed by br ea t h in g a ir con t a m in a t ed
w i t h h a r m fu l d u s t s , fo g s , fu m e s , m i s t s ,
ga ses, sm ok es, spr a y s, or va por s, t h e
pr im a r y object ive sh a ll be t o pr even t
a t m osph er ic con t a m in a t ion . T h is sh a ll
b e a c c o m p l i s h e d a s fa r a s fe a s i b l e b y
a ccept ed en gin eer in g con t r ol m ea su r es
(fo r e x a m p l e , e n c l o s u r e o r c o n fi n e m e n t
of t h e oper a t ion , gen er a l a n d loca l ven -
t ila t ion , a n d su bst it u t ion of less t oxic
m a t e r i a l s ). Wh e n e ffe c t i v e e n g i n e e r i n g
c o n t r o l s a r e n o t fe a s i b l e , o r w h i l e t h e y
a r e bein g in st it u t ed, a ppr opr ia t e r es-
pir a t or s sh a ll be u sed pu r su a n t t o t h is
sect ion .
(2) R e s p i r a t o r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d b y
t h e em ploy er wh en su ch equ ipm en t is
n ecessa r y t o pr ot ect t h e h ea lt h of t h e
em ploy ee. T h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide
t h e r espir a t or s wh ich a r e a pplica ble
a n d s u i t a b l e fo r t h e p u r p o s e i n t e n d e d .
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e fo r
t h e est a blish m en t a n d m a in t en a n ce of
a r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr ogr a m
wh ich sh a ll in clu de t h e r equ ir em en t s
o u t l i n e d i n p a r a g r a p h (c ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(b ) D ef in it ion s. T h e fo l l o w i n g d e fi n i -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t ion s a r e im por t a n t t er m s u sed in t h e
419
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00429 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion st a n da r d in t h is
sect ion .
A ir-p u rif y in g resp ira t or m e a n s a r e s -
p i r a t o r w i t h a n a i r -p u r i fy i n g fi l t e r ,
ca r t r idge, or ca n ist er t h a t r em oves spe-
c i fi c a i r c o n t a m i n a n t s b y p a s s i n g a m -
b i e n t a i r t h r o u g h t h e a i r -p u r i fy i n g e l e -
m en t .
A ssign ed p rot ect ion f a ct or (A P F ) m e a n s
t h e wor k pla ce level of r espir a t or y pr o-
t ect ion t h a t a r espir a t or or cla ss of r es-
pir a t or s is expect ed t o pr ovide t o em -
ploy ees wh en t h e em ploy er im plem en t s
a c o n t i n u i n g , e ffe c t i v e r e s p i r a t o r y p r o -
t e c t i o n p r o g r a m a s s p e c i fi e d b y t h i s
sect ion .
A t m osp h ere-su p p ly in g resp ira t or m e a n s
a r espir a t or t h a t su pplies t h e r es-
p i r a t o r u s e r w i t h b r e a t h i n g a i r fr o m a
sou r ce in depen den t of t h e a m bien t a t -
m o s p h e r e , a n d i n c l u d e s s u p p l i e d -a i r
r e s p i r a t o r s (S A R s ) a n d s e l f-c o n t a i n e d
b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s (S CB A ) u n i t s .
Ca n ist er or ca rt rid ge m e a n s a c o n -
t a i n e r w i t h a fi l t e r , s o r b e n t , o r c a t a -
ly st , or com bin a t ion of t h ese it em s,
w h i c h r e m o v e s s p e c i fi c c o n t a m i n a n t s
fr o m t h e a i r p a s s e d t h r o u g h t h e c o n -
t a in er .
D em a n d resp ira t or m e a n s a n a t m o s -
p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g r e s p i r a t o r t h a t a d m i t s
b r e a t h i n g a i r t o t h e fa c e p i e c e o n l y
wh en a n ega t ive pr essu r e is cr ea t ed in -
s i d e t h e fa c e p i e c e b y i n h a l a t i o n .
E m ergen cy sit u a t ion m e a n s a n y o c c u r -
r en ce su ch a s, bu t n ot lim it ed t o,
e q u i p m e n t fa i l u r e , r u p t u r e o f c o n -
t a i n e r s , o r fa i l u r e o f c o n t r o l e q u i p m e n t
t h a t m a y or does r esu lt in a n u n con -
t r o l l e d s i g n i fi c a n t r e l e a s e o f a n a i r -
bor n e con t a m in a n t .
E m p loy ee ex p osu re m e a n s e x p o s u r e t o
a con cen t r a t ion of a n a ir bor n e con -
t a m in a n t t h a t wou ld occu r if t h e em -
ploy ee wer e n ot u sin g r espir a t or y pr o-
t ect ion .
E n d -of -serv ice-lif e in d ica t or (E S L I )
m ea n s a sy st em t h a t wa r n s t h e r es-
pir a t or u ser of t h e a ppr oa ch of t h e en d
o f a d e q u a t e r e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i o n , fo r
exa m ple, t h a t t h e sor ben t is a ppr oa ch -
i n g s a t u r a t i o n o r i s n o l o n g e r e ffe c t i v e .
E sca p e-on ly resp ira t or m e a n s a r e s -
p i r a t o r i n t e n d e d t o b e u s e d o n l y fo r
em er gen cy exit .
F ilt er or a ir p u rif y in g elem en t m e a n s a
com pon en t u sed in r espir a t or s t o r e-
m o v e s o l i d o r l i q u i d a e r o s o l s fr o m t h e
in spir ed a ir .
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
F ilt erin g f a cep iece (d u s t m a s k ) m e a n s
a n ega t ive pr essu r e pa r t icu la t e r es-
p i r a t o r w i t h a fi l t e r a s a n i n t e g r a l p a r t
o f t h e fa c e p i e c e o r w i t h t h e e n t i r e fa c e -
p i e c e c o m p o s e d o f t h e fi l t e r i n g m e -
diu m .
F it f a ct or m e a n s a q u a n t i t a t i v e e s t i -
m a t e o f t h e fi t o f a p a r t i c u l a r r e s -
p i r a t o r t o a s p e c i fi c i n d i v i d u a l , a n d
t y pica lly est im a t es t h e r a t io of t h e
con cen t r a t ion of a su bst a n ce in a m bi-
en t a ir t o it s con cen t r a t ion in side t h e
r espir a t or wh en wor n .
F it t est m e a n s t h e u s e o f a p r o t o c o l t o
qu a lit a t ively or qu a n t it a t ively eva lu -
a t e t h e fi t o f a r e s p i r a t o r o n a n i n d i -
v i d u a l . (S e e a l s o Qu a l i t a t i v e fi t t e s t
QL F T a n d Qu a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t QN F T .)
H elm et m e a n s a r i g i d r e s p i r a t o r y
in let cover in g t h a t a lso pr ovides h ea d
pr ot ect ion a ga in st im pa ct a n d pen et r a -
t ion .
H igh ef f icien cy p a rt icu la t e a ir (H E P A )
f ilt er m e a n s a fi l t e r t h a t i s a t l e a s t
99.97% e ffi c i e n t in r em ovin g
m o n o d i s p e r s e p a r t i c l e s o f 0.3 m i c r o m -
et er s in dia m et er . T h e equ iva len t
N I OS H 42 CF R 84 p a r t i c u l a t e fi l t e r s a r e
t h e N 100, R 100, a n d P 100 fi l t e r s .
H ood m e a n s a r e s p i r a t o r y i n l e t c o v -
er in g t h a t com plet ely cover s t h e h ea d
a n d n eck a n d m a y a lso cover por t ion s
of t h e sh ou lder s a n d t or so.
I m m ed ia t ely d a n gerou s t o lif e or h ea lt h
(I D L H ) m e a n s a n a t m o s p h e r e t h a t
p o s e s a n i m m e d i a t e t h r e a t t o l i fe ,
wou ld ca u se ir r ever sible a dver se h ea lt h
e ffe c t s , o r w o u l d i m p a i r a n i n d i v i d u a l ’s
a b i l i t y t o e s c a p e fr o m a d a n g e r o u s a t -
m osph er e.
I n t erior st ru ct u ra l f iref igh t in g m e a n s
t h e p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y o f fi r e s u p p r e s -
sion , r escu e or bot h , in side of bu ildin gs
or en closed st r u ct u r es wh ich a r e in -
v o l v e d i n a fi r e s i t u a t i o n b e y o n d t h e
i n c i p i e n t s t a g e . (S e e 29 CF R 1910.155)
L oose-f it t in g f a cep iece m e a n s a r e s -
pir a t or y in let cover in g t h a t is design ed
t o fo r m a p a r t i a l s e a l w i t h t h e fa c e .
M a x im u m u se con cen t ra t ion (M U C)
m ea n s t h e m a xim u m a t m osph er ic con -
c e n t r a t i o n o f a h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e
fr o m w h i c h a n e m p l o y e e c a n b e e x -
pect ed t o be pr ot ect ed wh en wea r in g a
r espir a t or , a n d is det er m in ed by t h e a s-
s i g n e d p r o t e c t i o n fa c t o r o f t h e r e s -
pir a t or or cla ss of r espir a t or s a n d t h e
e x p o s u r e l i m i t o f t h e h a za r d o u s s u b -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
st a n ce. T h e MUC ca n be det er m in ed
420
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00430 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
m a t h em a t ica lly by m u lt iply in g t h e a s-
s i g n e d p r o t e c t i o n fa c t o r s p e c i fi e d fo r a
r e s p i r a t o r b y t h e r e q u i r e d OS H A p e r -
m i s s i b l e e x p o s u r e l i m i t , s h o r t -t e r m e x -
p o s u r e l i m i t , o r c e i l i n g l i m i t . Wh e n n o
OS H A e x p o s u r e l i m i t i s a v a i l a b l e fo r a
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e , a n e m p l o y e r
m u st det er m in e a n MUC on t h e ba sis of
r e l e v a n t a v a i l a b l e i n fo r m a t i o n a n d i n -
fo r m e d p r o fe s s i o n a l j u d g m e n t .
N ega t iv e p ressu re resp ira t or (t igh t f it -
t in g) m e a n s a r e s p i r a t o r i n w h i c h t h e
a i r p r e s s u r e i n s i d e t h e fa c e p i e c e i s n e g -
a t ive du r in g in h a la t ion wit h r espect t o
t h e a m bien t a ir pr essu r e ou t side t h e
r espir a t or .
O x y gen d ef icien t a t m osp h ere m e a n s a n
a t m osph er e wit h a n oxy gen con t en t
b e l o w 19.5% b y v o l u m e .
P h y sicia n or ot h er licen sed h ea lt h ca re
p rof ession a l (P L H CP ) m e a n s a n i n d i -
vidu a l wh ose lega lly per m it t ed scope of
p r a c t i c e (i.e., l i c e n s e , r e g i s t r a t i o n , o r
c e r t i fi c a t i o n ) a l l o w s h i m o r h e r t o
in depen den t ly pr ovide, or be delega t ed
t h e r espon sibilit y t o pr ovide, som e or
a ll of t h e h ea lt h ca r e ser vices r equ ir ed
b y p a r a g r a p h (e ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
P osit iv e p ressu re resp ira t or m e a n s a
r espir a t or in wh ich t h e pr essu r e in side
t h e r espir a t or y in let cover in g exceeds
t h e a m bien t a ir pr essu r e ou t side t h e
r espir a t or .
P ow ered a ir-p u rif y in g resp ira t or
(P A P R ) m e a n s a n a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r t h a t u s e s a b l o w e r t o fo r c e t h e
a m b i e n t a i r t h r o u g h a i r -p u r i fy i n g e l e -
m en t s t o t h e in let cover in g.
P ressu re d em a n d resp ira t or m e a n s a
p o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e a t m o s p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g
r espir a t or t h a t a dm it s br ea t h in g a ir t o
t h e fa c e p i e c e w h e n t h e p o s i t i v e p r e s -
s u r e i s r e d u c e d i n s i d e t h e fa c e p i e c e b y
in h a la t ion .
Q u a lit a t iv e f it t est (Q L F T ) m e a n s a
p a s s /fa i l fi t t e s t t o a s s e s s t h e a d e q u a c y
o f r e s p i r a t o r fi t t h a t r e l i e s o n t h e i n d i -
v i d u a l ’s r e s p o n s e t o t h e t e s t a g e n t .
Q u a n t it a t iv e f it t est (Q N F T ) m e a n s a n
a ssessm en t of t h e a dequ a cy of r es-
p i r a t o r fi t b y n u m e r i c a l l y m e a s u r i n g
t h e a m ou n t of lea k a ge in t o t h e r es-
pir a t or .
R esp ira t ory in let cov erin g m e a n s t h a t
p o r t i o n o f a r e s p i r a t o r t h a t fo r m s t h e
p r o t e c t i v e b a r r i e r b e t w e e n t h e u s e r ’s
r e s p i r a t o r y t r a c t a n d a n a i r -p u r i fy i n g
device or br ea t h in g a ir sou r ce, or bot h .
I t m a y b e a fa c e p i e c e , h e l m e t , h o o d ,
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
su it , or a m ou t h piece r espir a t or wit h
n ose cla m p.
S elf -con t a in ed brea t h in g a p p a ra t u s
(S CB A ) m e a n s a n a t m o s p h e r e -s u p -
p l y i n g r e s p i r a t o r fo r w h i c h t h e b r e a t h -
in g a ir sou r ce is design ed t o be ca r r ied
by t h e u ser .
S erv ice lif e m e a n s t h e p e r i o d o f t i m e
t h a t a r e s p i r a t o r , fi l t e r o r s o r b e n t , o r
ot h er r espir a t or y equ ipm en t pr ovides
a dequ a t e pr ot ect ion t o t h e wea r er .
S u p p lied -a ir resp ira t or (S A R ) or a irlin e
resp ira t or m e a n s a n a t m o s p h e r e -s u p -
p l y i n g r e s p i r a t o r fo r w h i c h t h e s o u r c e
of br ea t h in g a ir is n ot design ed t o be
ca r r ied by t h e u ser .
T h is sect ion m e a n s t h i s r e s p i r a t o r y
pr ot ect ion st a n da r d.
T igh t -f it t in g f a cep iece m e a n s a r e s -
p i r a t o r y i n l e t c o v e r i n g t h a t fo r m s a
c o m p l e t e s e a l w i t h t h e fa c e .
U ser sea l ch eck m e a n s a n a c t i o n c o n -
du ct ed by t h e r espir a t or u ser t o det er -
m in e if t h e r espir a t or is pr oper ly sea t -
e d t o t h e fa c e .
(c ) R esp ira t ory p rot ect ion p rogra m .
T h is pa r a gr a ph r equ ir es t h e em ploy er
t o develop a n d im plem en t a wr it t en
r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr ogr a m wit h
r e q u i r e d w o r k s i t e -s p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r e s
a n d e l e m e n t s fo r r e q u i r e d r e s p i r a t o r
u se. T h e pr ogr a m m u st be a dm in ist er ed
by a su it a bly t r a in ed pr ogr a m a dm in is-
t r a t or . In a ddit ion , cer t a in pr ogr a m
e l e m e n t s m a y b e r e q u i r e d fo r v o l -
u n t a r y u s e t o p r e v e n t p o t e n t i a l h a z-
a r ds a ssocia t ed wit h t h e u se of t h e r es-
p i r a t o r . T h e S m a l l E n t i t y Co m p l i a n c e
G u i d e c o n t a i n s c r i t e r i a fo r t h e s e l e c -
t ion of a pr ogr a m a dm in ist r a t or a n d a
sa m ple pr ogr a m t h a t m eet s t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h . Co p i e s o f
t h e S m a l l E n t i t y Co m p l i a n c e G u i d e
w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e o n o r a b o u t A p r i l 8,
1998 fr o m t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d
H e a l t h A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ’s Offi c e o f P u b -
l i c a t i o n s , R o o m N 3101, 200 Co n s t i t u -
t i o n A v e n u e , N W, Wa s h i n g t o n , D C,
20210 (202–219–4667).
(1) I n a n y w o r k p l a c e w h e r e r e s -
pir a t or s a r e n ecessa r y t o pr ot ect t h e
h ea lt h of t h e em ploy ee or wh en ever
r espir a t or s a r e r equ ir ed by t h e em -
ploy er , t h e em ploy er sh a ll est a blish
a n d im plem en t a wr it t en r espir a t or y
p r o t e c t i o n p r o g r a m w i t h w o r k s i t e -s p e -
c i fi c p r o c e d u r e s . T h e p r o g r a m s h a l l b e
u p d a t e d a s n e c e s s a r y t o r e fl e c t t h o s e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ch a n ges in wor k pla ce con dit ion s t h a t
421
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00431 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
a ffe c t r e s p i r a t o r u s e . T h e e m p l o y e r
s h a l l i n c l u d e i n t h e p r o g r a m t h e fo l -
lowin g pr ovision s of t h is sect ion , a s a p-
plica ble:
(i ) P r o c e d u r e s fo r s e l e c t i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r s fo r u s e i n t h e w o r k p l a c e ;
(i i ) M e d i c a l e v a l u a t i o n s o f e m p l o y e e s
r equ ir ed t o u se r espir a t or s;
(i i i ) F i t t e s t i n g p r o c e d u r e s fo r t i g h t -
fi t t i n g r e s p i r a t o r s ;
(i v ) P r o c e d u r e s fo r p r o p e r u s e o f r e s -
p i r a t o r s i n r o u t i n e a n d r e a s o n a b l y fo r e -
seea ble em er gen cy sit u a t ion s;
(v ) P r o c e d u r e s a n d s c h e d u l e s fo r
c l e a n i n g , d i s i n fe c t i n g , s t o r i n g , i n s p e c t -
in g, r epa ir in g, disca r din g, a n d ot h er -
wise m a in t a in in g r espir a t or s;
(v i ) P r o c e d u r e s t o e n s u r e a d e q u a t e
a i r q u a l i t y , q u a n t i t y , a n d fl o w o f
b r e a t h i n g a i r fo r a t m o s p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g
r espir a t or s;
(v i i ) T r a i n i n g o f e m p l o y e e s i n t h e
r e s p i r a t o r y h a za r d s t o w h i c h t h e y a r e
pot en t ia lly exposed du r in g r ou t in e a n d
em er gen cy sit u a t ion s;
(v i i i ) T r a i n i n g o f e m p l o y e e s i n t h e
pr oper u se of r espir a t or s, in clu din g
pu t t in g on a n d r em ovin g t h em , a n y
lim it a t ion s on t h eir u se, a n d t h eir
m a in t en a n ce; a n d
(i x ) P r o c e d u r e s fo r r e g u l a r l y e v a l u -
a t i n g t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p r o g r a m .
(2) Wh e r e r e s p i r a t o r u s e i s n o t r e -
qu ir ed:
(i ) A n e m p l o y e r m a y p r o v i d e r e s -
pir a t or s a t t h e r equ est of em ploy ees or
per m it em ploy ees t o u se t h eir own r es-
pir a t or s, if t h e em ploy er det er m in es
t h a t su ch r espir a t or u se will n ot in
i t s e l f c r e a t e a h a za r d . I f t h e e m p l o y e r
det er m in es t h a t a n y volu n t a r y r es-
pir a t or u se is per m issible, t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll pr ovide t h e r espir a t or
u s e r s w i t h t h e i n fo r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d
i n A p p e n d i x D t o t h i s s e c t i o n (‘‘I n fo r -
m a t i o n fo r E m p l o y e e s U s i n g R e s -
p i r a t o r s Wh e n N o t R e q u i r e d U n d e r t h e
S t a n d a r d ’’); a n d
(i i ) I n a d d i t i o n , t h e e m p l o y e r m u s t
est a blish a n d im plem en t t h ose ele-
m en t s of a wr it t en r espir a t or y pr ot ec-
t ion pr ogr a m n ecessa r y t o en su r e t h a t
a n y em ploy ee u sin g a r espir a t or volu n -
t a r ily is m edica lly a ble t o u se t h a t r es-
pir a t or , a n d t h a t t h e r espir a t or is
clea n ed, st or ed, a n d m a in t a in ed so t h a t
i t s u s e d o e s n o t p r e s e n t a h e a l t h h a za r d
t o t h e u ser . E xcept ion : E m ploy er s a r e
n ot r equ ir ed t o in clu de in a wr it t en
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr ogr a m t h ose r e s p i r a t o r m o d e l s a n d s i ze s s o t h a t t h e

em ploy ees wh ose on ly u se of r es-
pir a t or s in volves t h e volu n t a r y u se of
fi l t e r i n g fa c e p i e c e s (d u s t m a s k s ).
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e s i g n a t e a
p r o g r a m a d m i n i s t r a t o r w h o i s q u a l i fi e d
by a ppr opr ia t e t r a in in g or exper ien ce
t h a t is com m en su r a t e wit h t h e com -
plexit y of t h e pr ogr a m t o a dm in ist er or
over see t h e r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr o-
gr a m a n d con du ct t h e r equ ir ed eva lu a -
t i o n s o f p r o g r a m e ffe c t i v e n e s s .
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e r e s -
pir a t or s, t r a in in g, a n d m edica l eva lu a -
t ion s a t n o cost t o t h e em ploy ee.
(d ) S elect ion of resp ira t ors. T h i s p a r a -
gr a ph r equ ir es t h e em ploy er t o eva lu -
a t e r e s p i r a t o r y h a za r d (s ) i n t h e w o r k -
p l a c e , i d e n t i fy r e l e v a n t w o r k p l a c e a n d
u s e r fa c t o r s , a n d b a s e r e s p i r a t o r s e l e c -
t i o n o n t h e s e fa c t o r s . T h e p a r a g r a p h
a l s o s p e c i fi e s a p p r o p r i a t e l y p r o t e c t i v e
r espir a t or s fo r u se in IDL H
a t m osph er es, a n d lim it s t h e select ion
a n d u s e o f a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r s .
(1) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (i ) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll select a n d pr ovide a n a p-
pr opr ia t e r espir a t or ba sed on t h e r es-
p i r a t o r y h a za r d (s ) t o w h i c h t h e w o r k e r
i s e x p o s e d a n d w o r k p l a c e a n d u s e r fa c -
t o r s t h a t a ffe c t r e s p i r a t o r p e r fo r m a n c e
a n d r elia bilit y .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l s e l e c t a
N I OS H -c e r t i fi e d r e s p i r a t o r . T h e r e s -
pir a t or sh a ll be u sed in com plia n ce
w i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f i t s c e r t i fi c a t i o n .
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i d e n t i fy a n d
e v a l u a t e t h e r e s p i r a t o r y h a za r d (s ) i n
t h e wor k pla ce; t h is eva lu a t ion sh a ll in -
clu de a r ea son a ble est im a t e of em -
p l o y e e e x p o s u r e s t o r e s p i r a t o r y h a z-
a r d (s ) a n d a n i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f t h e c o n -
t a m i n a n t ’s c h e m i c a l s t a t e a n d p h y s i c a l
fo r m . Wh e r e t h e e m p l o y e r c a n n o t i d e n -
t i fy o r r e a s o n a b l y e s t i m a t e t h e e m -
ploy ee exposu r e, t h e em ploy er sh a ll
con sider t h e a t m osph er e t o be IDL H.
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l s e l e c t r e s -
p i r a t o r s fr o m a s u ffi c i e n t n u m b e r o f
TABLE 1—ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTORS 5
Quarter
Type of respirator 1,2
mask
r espir a t or is a ccept a ble t o, a n d cor -
r e c t l y fi t s , t h e u s e r .
(2) R esp ira t ors f or I D L H a t m osp h eres.
(i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e fo l -
l o w i n g r e s p i r a t o r s fo r e m p l o y e e u s e i n
IDL H a t m osph er es:
(A ) A fu l l fa c e p i e c e p r e s s u r e d e m a n d
S CB A c e r t i fi e d b y N I OS H fo r a m i n -
i m u m s e r v i c e l i fe o f t h i r t y m i n u t e s , o r
(B ) A c o m b i n a t i o n fu l l fa c e p i e c e p r e s -
s u r e d e m a n d s u p p l i e d -a i r r e s p i r a t o r
(S A R ) w i t h a u x i l i a r y s e l f-c o n t a i n e d a i r
su pply .
(i i ) R e s p i r a t o r s p r o v i d e d o n l y fo r e s -
c a p e fr o m I D L H a t m o s p h e r e s s h a l l b e
N I OS H -c e r t i fi e d fo r e s c a p e fr o m t h e a t -
m osph er e in wh ich t h ey will be u sed.
(i i i ) All o x y g e n -d e fi c i e n t
a t m osph er es sh a ll be con sider ed IDL H.
E xcept ion : If t h e em ploy er dem -
o n s t r a t e s t h a t , u n d e r a l l fo r e s e e a b l e
con dit ion s, t h e oxy gen con cen t r a t ion
ca n be m a in t a in ed wit h in t h e r a n ges
s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e I I o f t h i s s e c t i o n
(i .e ., fo r t h e a l t i t u d e s s e t o u t i n t h e
t a b l e ), t h e n a n y a t m o s p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g
r espir a t or m a y be u sed.
(3) R esp ira t ors f or a t m osp h eres t h a t a re
n ot I D L H . (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o -
vide a r espir a t or t h a t is a dequ a t e t o
pr ot ect t h e h ea lt h of t h e em ploy ee a n d
e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l o t h e r OS H A
st a t u t or y a n d r egu la t or y r equ ir em en t s,
u n d e r r o u t i n e a n d r e a s o n a b l y fo r e s e e -
a ble em er gen cy sit u a t ion s.
(A ) A ssign ed P rot ect ion F a ct ors (A P F s).
E m ploy er s m u st u se t h e a ssign ed pr o-
t e c t i o n fa c t o r s l i s t e d i n T a b l e 1 t o s e -
lect a r espir a t or t h a t m eet s or exceeds
t h e r equ ir ed level of em ploy ee pr ot ec-
t i o n . Wh e n u s i n g a c o m b i n a t i o n r e s -
p i r a t o r (e .g ., a i r l i n e r e s p i r a t o r s w i t h a n
a i r -p u r i fy i n g fi l t e r ), e m p l o y e r s m u s t
en su r e t h a t t h e a ssign ed pr ot ect ion
fa c t o r i s a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e m o d e o f o p -
er a t ion in wh ich t h e r espir a t or is bein g
u sed.
Full face- Helmet/ Loose-fitting
Half mask
piece hood facepiece

1. Air-Purifying Respirator ............................................. 5 3 10 50 .................... ....................

2. Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) ................ .................... 50 1,000 4 25/1,000 25
3. Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR) or Airline Respirator.
• Demand mode ............................................. .................... 10 50 .................... ....................
• Continuous flow mode ................................ .................... 50 1,000 4 25/1,000 25
• Pressure-demand or other positive-pres-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

sure mode ................................................... .................... 50 1,000 .................... ....................

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.134

TABLE 1—ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTORS 5—Continued

Quarter Full face- Helmet/ Loose-fitting
Type of respirator 1,2 Half mask
mask piece hood facepiece

4. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).

• Demand mode ............................................. .................... 10 50 50 ....................
• Pressure-demand or other positive-pres-
sure mode (e.g., open/closed circuit) ......... .................... .................... 10,000 10,000 ....................
Notes:
1 Employers may select respirators assigned for use in higher workplace concentrations of a hazardous substance for use at
lower concentrations of that substance, or when required respirator use is independent of concentration.
2 The assigned protection factors in Table 1 are only effective when the employer implements a continuing, effective respirator
program as required by this section (29 CFR 1910.134), including training, fit testing, maintenance, and use requirements.
3 This APF category includes filtering facepieces, and half masks with elastomeric facepieces.
4 The employer must have evidence provided by the respirator manufacturer that testing of these respirators demonstrates per-
formance at a level of protection of 1,000 or greater to receive an APF of 1,000. This level of performance can best be dem-
onstrated by performing a WPF or SWPF study or equivalent testing. Absent such testing, all other PAPRs and SARs with hel-
mets/hoods are to be treated as loose-fitting facepiece respirators, and receive an APF of 25.
5 These APFs do not apply to respirators used solely for escape. For escape respirators used in association with specific sub-
stances covered by 29 CFR 1910 subpart Z, employers must refer to the appropriate substance-specific standards in that sub-
part. Escape respirators for other IDLH atmospheres are specified by 29 CFR 1910.134 (d)(2)(ii).

(B ) M a x im u m U se Con cen t ra t ion p i r a t o r p r o g r a m t h e i n fo r m a t i o n a n d

(M U C). (1) T h e e m p l o y e r m u s t s e l e c t a d a t a r e l i e d u p o n a n d t h e b a s i s fo r t h e
r e s p i r a t o r fo r e m p l o y e e u s e t h a t m a i n - ca n ist er a n d ca r t r idge ch a n ge sch edu le
t a i n s t h e e m p l o y e e ’s e x p o s u r e t o t h e a n d t h e b a s i s fo r r e l i a n c e o n t h e d a t a .
h a za r d o u s s u b s t a n c e , w h e n m e a s u r e d (i v ) F o r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t p a r t i c u -
ou t side t h e r espir a t or , a t or below t h e la t es, t h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide:
M U C. (A ) A n a t m o s p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g r e s -
(2) E m p l o y e r s m u s t n o t a p p l y M U Cs
pir a t or ; or
t o con dit ion s t h a t a r e im m edia t ely
(B ) An a i r -p u r i fy i n g r espir a t or
d a n g e r o u s t o l i fe o r h e a l t h (I D L H ); i n -
st ea d, t h ey m u st u se r espir a t or s list ed e q u i p p e d w i t h a fi l t e r c e r t i fi e d b y
fo r I D L H c o n d i t i o n s i n p a r a g r a p h (d )(2) N I OS H u n d e r 30 CF R p a r t 11 a s a h i g h
of t h is st a n da r d. e ffi c i e n c y p a r t i c u l a t e a i r (H E P A ) fi l -
(3) Wh e n t h e c a l c u l a t e d M U C e x c e e d s t e r , o r a n a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r
t h e I D L H l e v e l fo r a h a za r d o u s s u b - e q u i p p e d w i t h a fi l t e r c e r t i fi e d fo r p a r -
s t a n c e , o r t h e p e r fo r m a n c e l i m i t s o f t i c u l a t e s b y N I OS H u n d e r 42 CF R p a r t
t h e ca r t r idge or ca n ist er , t h en em ploy - 84; o r
er s m u st set t h e m a xim u m MUC a t (C) F o r c o n t a m i n a n t s c o n s i s t i n g p r i -
t h a t lower lim it . m a r ily of pa r t icles wit h m a ss m edia n
(i i ) T h e r e s p i r a t o r s e l e c t e d s h a l l b e a e r o d y n a m i c d i a m e t e r s (M M A D ) o f a t
a p p r o p r i a t e fo r t h e c h e m i c a l s t a t e a n d l e a s t 2 m i c r o m e t e r s , a n a i r -p u r i fy i n g
p h y s i c a l fo r m o f t h e c o n t a m i n a n t . r e s p i r a t o r e q u i p p e d w i t h a n y fi l t e r c e r -
(i i i ) F o r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t g a s e s a n d t i fi e d fo r p a r t i c u l a t e s b y N I OS H .
va por s, t h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide:
(A ) A n a t m o s p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g r e s - T A B L E I —A S S I G N E D P R OT E CT I ON
pir a t or , or F A CT OR S [R E S E R V E D ]
(B ) A n a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r , p r o -
vided t h a t : TABLE II
(1) T h e r e s p i r a t o r i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a n
e n d -o f-s e r v i c e -l i fe i n d i c a t o r (E S L I ) c e r - Oxygen deficient
Atmospheres (% 02) for
t i fi e d b y N I OS H fo r t h e c o n t a m i n a n t ; Altitude (ft.) which the employer may rely
or on atmosphere-supplying res-
pirators
(2) I f t h e r e i s n o E S L I a p p r o p r i a t e fo r
c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e e m p l o y e r ’s w o r k - Less than 3,001 ..................... 16.0–19.5
pla ce, t h e em ploy er im plem en t s a 3,001–4,000 ........................... 16.4–19.5
c h a n g e s c h e d u l e fo r c a n i s t e r s a n d c a r - 4,001–5,000 ........................... 17.1–19.5
5,001–6,000 ........................... 17.8–19.5
t r i d g e s t h a t i s b a s e d o n o b j e c t i v e i n fo r - 6,001–7,000 ........................... 18.5–19.5
m a t ion or da t a t h a t will en su r e t h a t 7,001–8,0001 ......................... 19.3–19.5.
ca n ist er s a n d ca r t r idges a r e ch a n ged
1 Above 8,000 feet the exception does not apply. Oxygen-
b e fo r e t h e e n d o f t h e i r s e r v i c e l i fe . T h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

enriched breathing air must be supplied above 14,000 feet.

em ploy er sh a ll descr ibe in t h e r es-

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 § 1910.134
(e ) M ed ica l ev a lu a t ion . U s i n g a r e s -
pir a t or m a y pla ce a ph y siologica l bu r -
den on em ploy ees t h a t va r ies wit h t h e
t y pe of r espir a t or wor n , t h e job a n d
wor k pla ce con dit ion s in wh ich t h e r es-
pir a t or is u sed, a n d t h e m edica l st a t u s
of t h e em ploy ee. Accor din gly , t h is
p a r a g r a p h s p e c i fi e s t h e m i n i m u m r e -
q u i r e m e n t s fo r m e d i c a l e v a l u a t i o n t h a t
em ploy er s m u st im plem en t t o det er -
m i n e t h e e m p l o y e e ’s a b i l i t y t o u s e a
r espir a t or .
(1) Gen era l. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o -
vide a m edica l eva lu a t ion t o det er m in e
t h e e m p l o y e e ’s a b i l i t y t o u s e a r e s -
p i r a t o r , b e fo r e t h e e m p l o y e e i s fi t t e s t -
ed or r equ ir ed t o u se t h e r espir a t or in
t h e wor k pla ce. T h e em ploy er m a y dis-
c o n t i n u e a n e m p l o y e e ’s m e d i c a l e v a l -
u a t ion s wh en t h e em ploy ee is n o lon ger
r equ ir ed t o u se a r espir a t or .
(2) M ed ica l ev a lu a t ion p roced u res. (i )
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i d e n t i fy a p h y s i -
cia n or ot h er licen sed h ea lt h ca r e pr o-
fe s s i o n a l (P L H CP ) t o p e r fo r m m e d i c a l
eva lu a t ion s u sin g a m edica l qu est ion -
n a ir e or a n in it ia l m edica l exa m in a t ion
t h a t o b t a i n s t h e s a m e i n fo r m a t i o n a s
t h e m edica l qu est ion n a ir e.
(i i ) T h e m e d i c a l e v a l u a t i o n s h a l l o b -
t a i n t h e i n fo r m a t i o n r e q u e s t e d b y t h e
q u e s t i o n n a i r e i n S e c t i o n s 1 a n d 2, P a r t
A of Appen dix C of t h is sect ion .
(3) F ollow -u p m ed ica l ex a m in a t ion . (i )
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t a fo l -
l o w -u p m e d i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n i s p r o -
v i d e d fo r a n e m p l o y e e w h o g i v e s a p o s i -
t ive r espon se t o a n y qu est ion a m on g
q u e s t i o n s 1 t h r o u g h 8 i n S e c t i o n 2, P a r t
A of Appen dix C or wh ose in it ia l m ed-
ica l exa m in a t ion dem on st r a t es t h e
n e e d fo r a fo l l o w -u p m e d i c a l e x a m i n a -
t ion .
(i i ) T h e fo l l o w -u p m e d i c a l e x a m i n a -
t ion sh a ll in clu de a n y m edica l t est s,
con su lt a t ion s, or dia gn ost ic pr ocedu r es
t h a t t h e P L H CP d e e m s n e c e s s a r y t o
m a k e a fi n a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n .
(4) A d m in ist ra t ion of t h e m ed ica l qu es-
t ion n a ire a n d ex a m in a t ion s. (i ) T h e m e d -
ica l qu est ion n a ir e a n d exa m in a t ion s
s h a l l b e a d m i n i s t e r e d c o n fi d e n t i a l l y
d u r i n g t h e e m p l o y e e ’s n o r m a l w o r k i n g
h ou r s or a t a t im e a n d pla ce con ven -
ien t t o t h e em ploy ee. T h e m edica l
qu est ion n a ir e sh a ll be a dm in ist er ed in
a m a n n er t h a t en su r es t h a t t h e em -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ploy ee u n der st a n ds it s con t en t .
424
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e
em ploy ee wit h a n oppor t u n it y t o dis-
cu ss t h e qu est ion n a ir e a n d exa m in a -
t i o n r e s u l t s w i t h t h e P L H CP .
(5) S u p p lem en t a l in f orm a t ion f or t h e
P L H CP . (i ) T h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n
m u s t b e p r o v i d e d t o t h e P L H CP b e fo r e
t h e P L H CP m a k e s a r e c o m m e n d a t i o n
c o n c e r n i n g a n e m p l o y e e ’s a b i l i t y t o u s e
a r espir a t or :
(A ) T h e t y p e a n d w e i g h t o f t h e r e s -
pir a t or t o be u sed by t h e em ploy ee;
(B ) T h e d u r a t i o n a n d fr e q u e n c y o f
r e s p i r a t o r u s e (i n c l u d i n g u s e fo r r e s c u e
a n d e s c a p e );
(C) T h e e x p e c t e d p h y s i c a l w o r k e f-
fo r t ;
(D ) A d d i t i o n a l p r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g
a n d equ ipm en t t o be wor n ; a n d
(E ) T e m p e r a t u r e a n d h u m i d i t y e x -
t r em es t h a t m a y be en cou n t er ed.
(i i ) A n y s u p p l e m e n t a l i n fo r m a t i o n
p r o v i d e d p r e v i o u s l y t o t h e P L H CP r e -
ga r din g a n em ploy ee n eed n ot be pr o-
v i d e d fo r a s u b s e q u e n t m e d i c a l e v a l u a -
t i o n i f t h e i n fo r m a t i o n a n d t h e P L H CP
r em a in t h e sa m e.
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e
P L H CP w i t h a c o p y o f t h e w r i t t e n r e s -
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr ogr a m a n d a
copy of t h is sect ion .
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (e )(5)(i i i ): Wh e n t h e
e m p l o y e r r e p l a c e s a P L H CP , t h e e m p l o y e r
m u s t e n s u r e t h a t t h e n e w P L H CP o b t a i n s
t h i s i n fo r m a t i o n , e i t h e r b y p r o v i d i n g t h e
d o c u m e n t s d i r e c t l y t o t h e P L H CP o r h a v i n g
t h e d o c u m e n t s t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m t h e fo r m e r
P L H CP t o t h e n e w P L H CP . H o w e v e r , OS H A
does n ot expect em ploy er s t o h a ve em ploy ees
m edica lly r eeva lu a t ed solely beca u se a n ew
P L H CP h a s b e e n s e l e c t e d .
(6) M ed ica l d et erm in a t ion . I n d e t e r -
m i n i n g t h e e m p l o y e e ’s a b i l i t y t o u s e a
r espir a t or , t h e em ploy er sh a ll:
(i ) Ob t a i n a w r i t t e n r e c o m m e n d a t i o n
r e g a r d i n g t h e e m p l o y e e ’s a b i l i t y t o u s e
t h e r e s p i r a t o r fr o m t h e P L H CP . T h e
r ecom m en da t ion sh a ll pr ovide on ly t h e
fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n :
(A ) A n y l i m i t a t i o n s o n r e s p i r a t o r u s e
r ela t ed t o t h e m edica l con dit ion of t h e
em ploy ee, or r ela t in g t o t h e wor k pla ce
con dit ion s in wh ich t h e r espir a t or will
be u sed, in clu din g wh et h er or n ot t h e
em ploy ee is m edica lly a ble t o u se t h e
r espir a t or ;
(B ) T h e n e e d , i f a n y , fo r fo l l o w -u p
m edica l eva lu a t ion s; a n d
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(C) A s t a t e m e n t t h a t t h e P L H CP h a s
pr ovided t h e em ploy ee wit h a copy of
t h e P L H CP ’s w r i t t e n r e c o m m e n d a t i o n .
(i i ) I f t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s a n e g a t i v e
p r e s s u r e r e s p i r a t o r a n d t h e P L H CP
fi n d s a m e d i c a l c o n d i t i o n t h a t m a y
p l a c e t h e e m p l o y e e ’s h e a l t h a t i n -
cr ea sed r isk if t h e r espir a t or is u sed,
t h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide a P AP R if
t h e P L H CP ’s m e d i c a l e v a l u a t i o n fi n d s
t h a t t h e em ploy ee ca n u se su ch a r es-
pir a t or ; if a su bsequ en t m edica l eva l-
u a t i o n fi n d s t h a t t h e e m p l o y e e i s m e d i -
ca lly a ble t o u se a n ega t ive pr essu r e
r espir a t or , t h en t h e em ploy er is n o
lon ger r equ ir ed t o pr ovide a P AP R .
(7) A d d it ion a l m ed ica l ev a lu a t ion s. A t a
m in im u m , t h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide
a ddit ion a l m edica l eva lu a t ion s t h a t
com ply wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is
s e c t i o n i f:
(i ) A n e m p l o y e e r e p o r t s m e d i c a l s i g n s
or sy m pt om s t h a t a r e r ela t ed t o a bilit y
t o u se a r espir a t or ;
(i i ) A P L H CP , s u p e r v i s o r , o r t h e r e s -
p i r a t o r p r o g r a m a d m i n i s t r a t o r i n fo r m s
t h e em ploy er t h a t a n em ploy ee n eeds
t o be r eeva lu a t ed;
(i i i ) I n fo r m a t i o n fr o m t h e r e s p i r a t o r y
pr ot ect ion pr ogr a m , in clu din g obser va -
t i o n s m a d e d u r i n g fi t t e s t i n g a n d p r o -
g r a m e v a l u a t i o n , i n d i c a t e s a n e e d fo r
em ploy ee r eeva lu a t ion ; or
(i v ) A c h a n g e o c c u r s i n w o r k p l a c e
c o n d i t i o n s (e .g ., p h y s i c a l w o r k e ffo r t ,
pr ot ect ive clot h in g, t em per a t u r e) t h a t
m a y r esu lt in a su bst a n t ia l in cr ea se in
t h e ph y siologica l bu r den pla ced on a n
em ploy ee.
(f) F it t est in g. T h i s p a r a g r a p h r e q u i r e s
t h a t , b e fo r e a n e m p l o y e e m a y b e r e -
qu ir ed t o u se a n y r espir a t or wit h a
n e g a t i v e o r p o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e t i g h t -fi t -
t i n g fa c e p i e c e , t h e e m p l o y e e m u s t b e
fi t t e s t e d w i t h t h e s a m e m a k e , m o d e l ,
s t y l e , a n d s i ze o f r e s p i r a t o r t h a t w i l l b e
u s e d . T h i s p a r a g r a p h s p e c i fi e s t h e
k i n d s o f fi t t e s t s a l l o w e d , t h e p r o c e -
d u r e s fo r c o n d u c t i n g t h e m , a n d h o w
t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e fi t t e s t s m u s t b e
u sed.
(1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
e m p l o y e e s u s i n g a t i g h t -fi t t i n g fa c e -
piece r espir a t or pa ss a n a ppr opr ia t e
q u a l i t a t i v e fi t t e s t (QL F T ) o r q u a n -
t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t (QN F T ) a s s t a t e d i n
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t a n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
e m p l o y e e u s i n g a t i g h t -fi t t i n g fa c e -
425
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00435 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
p i e c e r e s p i r a t o r i s fi t t e s t e d p r i o r t o
in it ia l u se of t h e r espir a t or , wh en ever
a d i ffe r e n t r e s p i r a t o r fa c e p i e c e (s i ze ,
st y le, m odel or m a k e) is u sed, a n d a t
l e a s t a n n u a l l y t h e r e a ft e r .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c o n d u c t a n a d -
d i t i o n a l fi t t e s t w h e n e v e r t h e e m p l o y e e
r e p o r t s , o r t h e e m p l o y e r , P L H CP , s u -
per visor , or pr ogr a m a dm in ist r a t or
m a k e s v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s o f, c h a n g e s
i n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n
t h a t c o u l d a ffe c t r e s p i r a t o r fi t . S u c h
con dit ion s in clu de, bu t a r e n ot lim it ed
t o , fa c i a l s c a r r i n g , d e n t a l c h a n g e s , c o s -
m et ic su r ger y , or a n obviou s ch a n ge in
body weigh t .
(4) I f a ft e r p a s s i n g a QL F T o r QN F T ,
t h e e m p l o y e e s u b s e q u e n t l y n o t i fi e s t h e
em ploy er , pr ogr a m a dm in ist r a t or , su -
p e r v i s o r , o r P L H CP t h a t t h e fi t o f t h e
r espir a t or is u n a ccept a ble, t h e em -
ploy ee sh a ll be given a r ea son a ble op-
p o r t u n i t y t o s e l e c t a d i ffe r e n t r e s -
p i r a t o r fa c e p i e c e a n d t o b e r e t e s t e d .
(5) T h e fi t t e s t s h a l l b e a d m i n i s t e r e d
u s i n g a n OS H A -a c c e p t e d QL F T o r
QN F T p r o t o c o l . T h e OS H A -a c c e p t e d
QL F T a n d QN F T p r o t o c o l s a n d p r o c e -
du r es a r e con t a in ed in Appen dix A of
t h is sect ion .
(6) QL F T m a y o n l y b e u s e d t o fi t t e s t
n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r s t h a t m u s t a c h i e v e a fi t fa c t o r
o f 100 o r l e s s .
(7) I f t h e fi t fa c t o r , a s d e t e r m i n e d
t h r o u g h a n OS H A -a c c e p t e d QN F T p r o -
t o c o l , i s e q u a l t o o r g r e a t e r t h a n 100 fo r
t i g h t -fi t t i n g h a l f fa c e p i e c e s , o r e q u a l
t o o r g r e a t e r t h a n 500 fo r t i g h t -fi t t i n g
fu l l fa c e p i e c e s , t h e QN F T h a s b e e n
pa ssed wit h t h a t r espir a t or .
(8) F i t t e s t i n g o f t i g h t -fi t t i n g a t m o s -
p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g r e s p i r a t o r s a n d t i g h t -
fi t t i n g power ed a i r -p u r i fy i n g r es-
pir a t or s sh a ll be a ccom plish ed by per -
fo r m i n g q u a n t i t a t i v e o r q u a l i t a t i v e fi t
t est in g in t h e n ega t ive pr essu r e m ode,
r ega r dless of t h e m ode of oper a t ion
(n e g a t i v e o r p o s i t i v e p r e s s u r e ) t h a t i s
u s e d fo r r e s p i r a t o r y p r o t e c t i o n .
(i ) Qu a l i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g o f t h e s e r e s -
pir a t or s sh a ll be a ccom plish ed by t em -
por a r ily con ver t in g t h e r espir a t or
u s e r ’s a c t u a l fa c e p i e c e i n t o a n e g a t i v e
pr essu r e r espir a t or wit h a ppr opr ia t e
fi l t e r s , o r b y u s i n g a n i d e n t i c a l n e g a -
t i v e p r e s s u r e a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
fa c e p i e c e w i t h t h e s a m e s e a l i n g s u r -
fa c e s a s a s u r r o g a t e fo r t h e a t m o s -
p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g o r p o w e r e d a i r -p u r i -
fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r fa c e p i e c e .
(i i ) Qu a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g o f t h e s e
r espir a t or s sh a ll be a ccom plish ed by
m o d i fy i n g t h e fa c e p i e c e t o a l l o w s a m -
p l i n g i n s i d e t h e fa c e p i e c e i n t h e
b r e a t h i n g zo n e o f t h e u s e r , m i d w a y b e -
t ween t h e n ose a n d m ou t h . T h is r e-
qu ir em en t sh a ll be a ccom plish ed by in -
st a llin g a per m a n en t sa m plin g pr obe
o n t o a s u r r o g a t e fa c e p i e c e , o r b y u s i n g
a sa m plin g a da pt er design ed t o t em po-
r a r ily pr ovide a m ea n s of sa m plin g a ir
fr o m i n s i d e t h e fa c e p i e c e .
(i i i ) A n y m o d i fi c a t i o n s t o t h e r e s -
p i r a t o r fa c e p i e c e fo r fi t t e s t i n g s h a l l b e
c o m p l e t e l y r e m o v e d , a n d t h e fa c e p i e c e
r e s t o r e d t o N I OS H -a p p r o v e d c o n fi g u r a -
t i o n , b e fo r e t h a t fa c e p i e c e c a n b e u s e d
in t h e wor k pla ce.
(g ) U se of resp ira t ors. T h i s p a r a g r a p h
r equ ir es em ploy er s t o est a blish a n d im -
p l e m e n t p r o c e d u r e s fo r t h e p r o p e r u s e
of r espir a t or s. T h ese r equ ir em en t s in -
clu de pr oh ibit in g con dit ion s t h a t m a y
r e s u l t i n fa c e p i e c e s e a l l e a k a g e , p r e -
v e n t i n g e m p l o y e e s fr o m r e m o v i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r s i n h a za r d o u s e n v i r o n m e n t s ,
t a k i n g a c t i o n s t o e n s u r e c o n t i n u e d e f-
fe c t i v e r e s p i r a t o r o p e r a t i o n t h r o u g h o u t
t h e w o r k s h i ft , a n d e s t a b l i s h i n g p r o c e -
d u r e s fo r t h e u s e o f r e s p i r a t o r s i n I D L H
a t m osph er es or in in t er ior st r u ct u r a l
fi r e fi g h t i n g s i t u a t i o n s .
(1) F a cep iece sea l p rot ect ion . (i ) T h e
em ploy er sh a ll n ot per m it r espir a t or s
w i t h t i g h t -fi t t i n g fa c e p i e c e s t o b e w o r n
by em ploy ees wh o h a ve:
(A ) F a c i a l h a i r t h a t c o m e s b e t w e e n
t h e s e a l i n g s u r fa c e o f t h e fa c e p i e c e a n d
t h e fa c e o r t h a t i n t e r fe r e s w i t h v a l v e
fu n c t i o n ; o r
(B ) A n y c o n d i t i o n t h a t i n t e r fe r e s
w i t h t h e fa c e -t o -fa c e p i e c e s e a l o r v a l v e
fu n c t i o n .
(i i ) I f a n e m p l o y e e w e a r s c o r r e c t i v e
gla sses or goggles or ot h er per son a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t , t h e em ploy er
sh a ll en su r e t h a t su ch equ ipm en t is
wor n in a m a n n er t h a t does n ot in t er -
fe r e w i t h t h e s e a l o f t h e fa c e p i e c e t o
t h e fa c e o f t h e u s e r .
(i i i ) F o r a l l t i g h t -fi t t i n g r e s p i r a t o r s ,
t h e em ploy er sh a ll en su r e t h a t em ploy -
e e s p e r fo r m a u s e r s e a l c h e c k e a c h
t im e t h ey pu t on t h e r espir a t or u sin g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n A p p e n d i x B –1 o r p r o -
426
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00436 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
cedu r es r ecom m en ded by t h e r espir a t or
m a n u fa c t u r e r t h a t t h e e m p l o y e r d e m -
o n s t r a t e s a r e a s e ffe c t i v e a s t h o s e i n
A p p e n d i x B –1 o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) Con t in u in g resp ira t or ef f ect iv en ess.
(i ) A p p r o p r i a t e s u r v e i l l a n c e s h a l l b e
m a in t a in ed of wor k a r ea con dit ion s
a n d degr ee of em ploy ee exposu r e or
s t r e s s . Wh e n t h e r e i s a c h a n g e i n w o r k
a r ea con dit ion s or degr ee of em ploy ee
e x p o s u r e o r s t r e s s t h a t m a y a ffe c t r e s -
p i r a t o r e ffe c t i v e n e s s , t h e e m p l o y e r
s h a l l r e e v a l u a t e t h e c o n t i n u e d e ffe c -
t iven ess of t h e r espir a t or .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
em ploy ees lea ve t h e r espir a t or u se
a r ea :
(A ) T o w a s h t h e i r fa c e s a n d r e s -
p i r a t o r fa c e p i e c e s a s n e c e s s a r y t o p r e -
ven t ey e or sk in ir r it a t ion a ssocia t ed
wit h r espir a t or u se; or
(B ) I f t h e y d e t e c t v a p o r o r g a s b r e a k -
t h r ou gh , ch a n ges in br ea t h in g r esist -
a n c e , o r l e a k a g e o f t h e fa c e p i e c e ; o r
(C) T o r e p l a c e t h e r e s p i r a t o r o r t h e
fi l t e r , c a r t r i d g e , o r c a n i s t e r e l e m e n t s .
(i i i ) I f t h e e m p l o y e e d e t e c t s v a p o r o r
ga s br ea k t h r ou gh , ch a n ges in br ea t h -
i n g r e s i s t a n c e , o r l e a k a g e o f t h e fa c e -
piece, t h e em ploy er m u st r epla ce or r e-
p a i r t h e r e s p i r a t o r b e fo r e a l l o w i n g t h e
em ploy ee t o r et u r n t o t h e wor k a r ea .
(3) P roced u res f or I D L H a t m osp h eres.
F or a ll IDL H a t m osph er es, t h e em -
ploy er sh a ll en su r e t h a t :
(i ) On e e m p l o y e e o r , w h e n n e e d e d ,
m or e t h a n on e em ploy ee is loca t ed ou t -
side t h e IDL H a t m osph er e;
(i i ) V i s u a l , v o i c e , o r s i g n a l l i n e c o m -
m u n ica t ion is m a in t a in ed bet ween t h e
e m p l o y e e (s ) i n t h e I D L H a t m o s p h e r e
a n d t h e e m p l o y e e (s ) l o c a t e d o u t s i d e
t h e IDL H a t m osph er e;
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e e (s ) l o c a t e d o u t s i d e
t h e IDL H a t m osph er e a r e t r a in ed a n d
e q u i p p e d t o p r o v i d e e ffe c t i v e e m e r -
gen cy r escu e;
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r o r d e s i g n e e i s n o t i -
fi e d b e fo r e t h e e m p l o y e e (s ) l o c a t e d o u t -
side t h e IDL H a t m osph er e en t er t h e
IDL H a t m osph er e t o pr ovide em er -
gen cy r escu e;
(v ) T h e e m p l o y e r o r d e s i g n e e a u t h o r -
i ze d t o d o s o b y t h e e m p l o y e r , o n c e n o -
t i fi e d , p r o v i d e s n e c e s s a r y a s s i s t a n c e
a ppr opr ia t e t o t h e sit u a t ion ;
(v i ) E m p l o y e e (s ) l o c a t e d o u t s i d e t h e
IDL H a t m osph er es a r e equ ipped wit h :
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(A ) P r e s s u r e d e m a n d o r o t h e r p o s i -
t i v e p r e s s u r e S CB A s , o r a p r e s s u r e d e -
m a n d or ot h er posit ive pr essu r e su p-
p l i e d -a i r r e s p i r a t o r w i t h a u x i l i a r y
S CB A ; a n d e i t h e r
(B ) A p p r o p r i a t e r e t r i e v a l e q u i p m e n t
fo r r e m o v i n g t h e e m p l o y e e (s ) w h o
e n t e r (s ) t h e s e h a za r d o u s a t m o s p h e r e s
wh er e r et r ieva l equ ipm en t wou ld con -
t r i b u t e t o t h e r e s c u e o f t h e e m p l o y e e (s )
a n d wou ld n ot in cr ea se t h e over a ll r isk
r e s u l t i n g fr o m e n t r y ; o r
(C) E q u i v a l e n t m e a n s fo r r e s c u e
wh er e r et r ieva l equ ipm en t is n ot r e-
q u i r e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (g )(3)(v i )(B ).
(4) P roced u res f or in t erior st ru ct u ra l
f iref igh t in g. I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s s e t fo r t h u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (g )(3),
i n i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e s , t h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll en su r e t h a t :
(i ) A t l e a s t t w o e m p l o y e e s e n t e r t h e
IDL H a t m osph er e a n d r em a in in visu a l
or voice con t a ct wit h on e a n ot h er a t
a ll t im es;
(i i ) A t l e a s t t w o e m p l o y e e s a r e l o -
ca t ed ou t side t h e IDL H a t m osph er e;
and
(i i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s e n g a g e d i n i n t e -
r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e fi g h t i n g u s e S CB A s .
N OT E 1 T O P A R A G R A P H (g ): On e o f t h e t w o
in dividu a ls loca t ed ou t side t h e IDL H a t m os-
ph er e m a y be a ssign ed t o a n a ddit ion a l r ole,
su ch a s in ciden t com m a n der in ch a r ge of t h e
e m e r g e n c y o r s a fe t y o ffi c e r , s o l o n g a s t h i s
i n d i v i d u a l i s a b l e t o p e r fo r m a s s i s t a n c e o r
r e s c u e a c t i v i t i e s w i t h o u t j e o p a r d i zi n g t h e
s a fe t y o r h e a l t h o f a n y fi r e fi g h t e r w o r k i n g a t
t h e in ciden t .
N OT E 2 T O P A R A G R A P H (g ): N o t h i n g i n t h i s
s e c t i o n i s m e a n t t o p r e c l u d e fi r e fi g h t e r s
fr o m p e r fo r m i n g e m e r g e n c y r e s c u e a c t i v i t i e s
b e fo r e a n e n t i r e t e a m h a s a s s e m b l e d .
(h ) M a in t en a n ce a n d ca re of res-
p ira t ors. T h i s p a r a g r a p h r e q u i r e s t h e
e m p l o y e r t o p r o v i d e fo r t h e c l e a n i n g
a n d d i s i n fe c t i n g , s t o r a g e , i n s p e c t i o n ,
a n d r epa ir of r espir a t or s u sed by em -
ploy ees.
(1) Clea n in g a n d d isin f ect in g. T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll pr ovide ea ch r espir a t or
u ser wit h a r espir a t or t h a t is clea n ,
sa n it a r y , a n d in good wor k in g or der .
T h e em ploy er sh a ll en su r e t h a t r es-
p i r a t o r s a r e c l e a n e d a n d d i s i n fe c t e d
u s i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n A p p e n d i x B –2
of t h is sect ion , or pr ocedu r es r ec-
o m m e n d e d b y t h e r e s p i r a t o r m a n u fa c -
t u r er , pr ovided t h a t su ch pr ocedu r es
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a r e o f e q u i v a l e n t e ffe c t i v e n e s s . T h e
427
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00437 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
r espir a t or s sh a ll be clea n ed a n d dis-
i n fe c t e d a t t h e fo l l o w i n g i n t e r v a l s :
(i ) R e s p i r a t o r s i s s u e d fo r t h e e x c l u -
sive u se of a n em ploy ee sh a ll be
c l e a n e d a n d d i s i n fe c t e d a s o ft e n a s n e c -
essa r y t o be m a in t a in ed in a sa n it a r y
con dit ion ;
(i i ) R e s p i r a t o r s i s s u e d t o m o r e t h a n
on e em ploy ee sh a ll be clea n ed a n d dis-
i n fe c t e d b e fo r e b e i n g w o r n b y d i ffe r e n t
in dividu a ls;
(i i i ) R espir a t or s m a in t a in ed fo r
em er gen cy u se sh a ll be clea n ed a n d dis-
i n fe c t e d a ft e r e a c h u s e ; a n d
(i v ) R e s p i r a t o r s u s e d i n fi t t e s t i n g
a n d t r a in in g sh a ll be clea n ed a n d dis-
i n fe c t e d a ft e r e a c h u s e .
(2) S t ora ge. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e
t h a t r e s p i r a t o r s a r e s t o r e d a s fo l l o w s :
(i ) A l l r e s p i r a t o r s s h a l l b e s t o r e d t o
p r o t e c t t h e m fr o m d a m a g e , c o n t a m i n a -
t ion , du st , su n ligh t , ext r em e t em per a -
t u r es, excessive m oist u r e, a n d da m -
a gin g ch em ica ls, a n d t h ey sh a ll be
p a c k e d o r s t o r e d t o p r e v e n t d e fo r m a -
t i o n o f t h e fa c e p i e c e a n d e x h a l a t i o n
va lve.
(i i ) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
p a r a g r a p h (h )(2)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ,
em er gen cy r espir a t or s sh a ll be:
(A ) K e p t a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e w o r k a r e a ;
(B ) S t o r e d i n c o m p a r t m e n t s o r i n
cover s t h a t a r e clea r ly m a r k ed a s con -
t a in in g em er gen cy r espir a t or s; a n d
(C) S t o r e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h a n y a p -
p l i c a b l e m a n u fa c t u r e r i n s t r u c t i o n s .
(3) I n sp ect ion . (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
en su r e t h a t r espir a t or s a r e in spect ed a s
fo l l o w s :
(A ) A l l r e s p i r a t o r s u s e d i n r o u t i n e
s i t u a t i o n s s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d b e fo r e
ea ch u se a n d du r in g clea n in g;
(B ) A l l r e s p i r a t o r s m a i n t a i n e d fo r u s e
in em er gen cy sit u a t ion s sh a ll be in -
spect ed a t lea st m on t h ly a n d in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r e c -
om m en da t ion s, a n d sh a ll be ch eck ed
fo r p r o p e r fu n c t i o n b e fo r e a n d a ft e r
ea ch u se; a n d
(C) E m er gen cy e s c a p e -o n l y r es-
p i r a t o r s s h a l l b e i n s p e c t e d b e fo r e b e i n g
c a r r i e d i n t o t h e w o r k p l a c e fo r u s e .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
r e s p i r a t o r i n s p e c t i o n s i n c l u d e t h e fo l -
lowin g:
(A ) A c h e c k o f r e s p i r a t o r fu n c t i o n ,
t igh t n ess of con n ect ion s, a n d t h e con -
dit ion of t h e va r iou s pa r t s in clu din g,
b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o , t h e fa c e p i e c e , h e a d
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
st r a ps, va lves, con n ect in g t u be, a n d
c a r t r i d g e s , c a n i s t e r s o r fi l t e r s ; a n d
(B ) A c h e c k o f e l a s t o m e r i c p a r t s fo r
plia bilit y a n d sign s of det er ior a t ion .
(i i i ) I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
o f p a r a g r a p h s (h )(3)(i ) a n d (i i ) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n , s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a -
r a t u s sh a ll be in spect ed m on t h ly . Air
a n d oxy gen cy lin der s sh a ll be m a in -
t a i n e d i n a fu l l y c h a r g e d s t a t e a n d
sh a ll be r ech a r ged wh en t h e pr essu r e
fa l l s t o 90% o f t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r e c -
om m en ded pr essu r e level. T h e em -
ploy er sh a ll det er m in e t h a t t h e r egu -
l a t o r a n d w a r n i n g d e v i c e s fu n c t i o n
pr oper ly .
(i v ) F o r r e s p i r a t o r s m a i n t a i n e d fo r
em er gen cy u se, t h e em ploy er sh a ll:
(A ) Ce r t i fy t h e r e s p i r a t o r b y d o c u -
m en t in g t h e da t e t h e in spect ion wa s
p e r fo r m e d , t h e n a m e (o r s i g n a t u r e ) o f
t h e per son wh o m a de t h e in spect ion ,
t h e fi n d i n g s , r e q u i r e d r e m e d i a l a c t i o n ,
a n d a ser ia l n u m ber or ot h er m ea n s of
i d e n t i fy i n g t h e i n s p e c t e d r e s p i r a t o r ;
and
(B ) P r o v i d e t h i s i n fo r m a t i o n o n a t a g
or la bel t h a t is a t t a ch ed t o t h e st or a ge
c o m p a r t m e n t fo r t h e r e s p i r a t o r , i s k e p t
wit h t h e r espir a t or , or is in clu ded in
in spect ion r epor t s st or ed a s pa per or
e l e c t r o n i c fi l e s . T h i s i n fo r m a t i o n s h a l l
b e m a i n t a i n e d u n t i l r e p l a c e d fo l l o w i n g
a s u b s e q u e n t c e r t i fi c a t i o n .
(4) R ep a irs. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e
t h a t r e s p i r a t o r s t h a t fa i l a n i n s p e c t i o n
o r a r e o t h e r w i s e fo u n d t o b e d e fe c t i v e
a r e r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e , a n d a r e d i s -
ca r ded or r epa ir ed or a dju st ed in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o c e -
du r es:
(i ) R e p a i r s o r a d j u s t m e n t s t o r e s -
pir a t or s a r e t o be m a de on ly by per son s
a p p r o p r i a t e l y t r a i n e d t o p e r fo r m s u c h
oper a t ion s a n d sh a ll u se on ly t h e r es-
pir a t or m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s N I OS H -a p -
p r o v e d p a r t s d e s i g n e d fo r t h e r e s -
pir a t or ;
(i i ) R e p a i r s s h a l l b e m a d e a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r e c o m m e n d a -
t i o n s a n d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r t h e t y p e
a n d e x t e n t o f r e p a i r s t o b e p e r fo r m e d ;
and
(i i i ) R e d u c i n g a n d a d m i s s i o n v a l v e s ,
r egu la t or s, a n d a la r m s sh a ll be a d-
j u s t e d o r r e p a i r e d o n l y b y t h e m a n u fa c -
t u r er or a t ech n icia n t r a in ed by t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a n u fa c t u r e r .
428
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00438 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(i ) B rea t h in g a ir qu a lit y a n d u se. T h i s
pa r a gr a ph r equ ir es t h e em ploy er t o
pr ovide em ploy ees u sin g a t m osph er e-
s u p p l y i n g r e s p i r a t o r s (s u p p l i e d -a i r a n d
S CB A ) w i t h b r e a t h i n g g a s e s o f h i g h p u -
r it y .
(1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
com pr essed a ir , com pr essed oxy gen ,
l i q u i d a i r , a n d l i q u i d o x y g e n u s e d fo r
r e s p i r a t i o n a c c o r d s w i t h t h e fo l l o w i n g
s p e c i fi c a t i o n s :
(i ) Co m p r e s s e d a n d l i q u i d o x y g e n
sh a ll m eet t h e Un it ed S t a t es P h a r m a -
c o p o e i a r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r m e d i c a l o r
br ea t h in g oxy gen ; a n d
(i i ) Co m p r e s s e d b r e a t h i n g a i r s h a l l
m e e t a t l e a s t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
Gr a de D br ea t h in g a ir descr ibed in
A N S I /Co m p r e s s e d Ga s Associa t ion
Co m m o d i t y S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r A i r , G –
7.1–1989, t o i n c l u d e :
(A ) Ox y g e n c o n t e n t (v /v ) o f 19.5–
23.5% ;
(B ) H y d r o c a r b o n (c o n d e n s e d ) c o n t e n t
of 5 m illigr a m s per cu bic m et er of a ir
or less;
(C) Ca r b o n m o n o x i d e (CO) c o n t e n t o f
10 p p m o r l e s s ;
(D ) Ca r b o n d i o x i d e c o n t e n t o f 1,000
ppm or less; a n d
(E ) L a c k o f n o t i c e a b l e o d o r .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
com pr essed oxy gen is n ot u sed in a t -
m o s p h e r e -s u p p l y i n g r e s p i r a t o r s t h a t
h a ve pr eviou sly u sed com pr essed a ir .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
oxy gen con cen t r a t ion s gr ea t er t h a n
23.5% a r e u s e d o n l y i n e q u i p m e n t d e -
s i g n e d fo r o x y g e n s e r v i c e o r d i s t r i b u -
t ion .
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
cy lin der s u sed t o su pply br ea t h in g a ir
t o r e s p i r a t o r s m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g r e -
qu ir em en t s:
(i ) Cy l i n d e r s a r e t e s t e d a n d m a i n -
t a in ed a s pr escr ibed in t h e S h ippin g
Co n t a i n e r S p e c i fi c a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n s o f
t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (49
CF R p a r t 173 a n d p a r t 178);
(i i ) Cy l i n d e r s o f p u r c h a s e d b r e a t h i n g
a i r h a v e a c e r t i fi c a t e o f a n a l y s i s fr o m
t h e su pplier t h a t t h e br ea t h in g a ir
m e e t s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r G r a d e D
br ea t h in g a ir ; a n d
(i i i ) T h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t i n t h e c y l -
in der does n ot exceed a dew poin t of
¥50 °F (¥45.6 °C) a t 1 a t m o s p h e r e p r e s -
su r e.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
com pr essor s u sed t o su pply br ea t h in g
a ir t o r espir a t or s a r e con st r u ct ed a n d
sit u a t ed so a s t o:
(i ) P r e v e n t e n t r y o f c o n t a m i n a t e d a i r
i n t o t h e a i r -s u p p l y s y s t e m ;
(i i ) M i n i m i ze m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t s o
t h a t t h e dew poin t a t 1 a t m osph er e
p r e s s u r e i s 10 d e g r e e s F (5.56 °C) b e l o w
t h e a m bien t t em per a t u r e;
(i i i ) H a v e s u i t a b l e i n -l i n e a i r -p u r i -
fy i n g s o r b e n t b e d s a n d fi l t e r s t o fu r -
t h er en su r e br ea t h in g a ir qu a lit y . S or -
b e n t b e d s a n d fi l t e r s s h a l l b e m a i n -
t a i n e d a n d r e p l a c e d o r r e fu r b i s h e d p e r i -
o d i c a l l y fo l l o w i n g t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s
in st r u ct ion s.
(i v ) H a v e a t a g c o n t a i n i n g t h e m o s t
r ecen t ch a n ge da t e a n d t h e sign a t u r e of
t h e p e r s o n a u t h o r i ze d b y t h e e m p l o y e r
t o p e r fo r m t h e c h a n g e . T h e t a g s h a l l b e
m a in t a in ed a t t h e com pr essor .
(6) F o r c o m p r e s s o r s t h a t a r e n o t o i l -
lu br ica t ed, t h e em ploy er sh a ll en su r e
t h a t ca r bon m on oxide levels in t h e
b r e a t h i n g a i r d o n o t e x c e e d 10 p p m .
(7) F o r o i l -l u b r i c a t e d c o m p r e s s o r s ,
t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l u s e a h i g h -t e m p e r a -
t u r e or ca r bon m on oxide a la r m , or
bot h , t o m on it or ca r bon m on oxide lev-
e l s . I f o n l y h i g h -t e m p e r a t u r e a l a r m s
a r e u sed, t h e a ir su pply sh a ll be m on -
i t o r e d a t i n t e r v a l s s u ffi c i e n t t o p r e v e n t
ca r bon m on oxide in t h e br ea t h in g a ir
fr o m e x c e e d i n g 10 p p m .
(8) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
br ea t h in g a ir cou plin gs a r e in com pa t -
i b l e w i t h o u t l e t s fo r n o n r e s p i r a b l e
wor k sit e a ir or ot h er ga s sy st em s. No
a sph y xia t in g su bst a n ce sh a ll be in t r o-
du ced in t o br ea t h in g a ir lin es.
(9) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l u s e b r e a t h i n g
ga s con t a in er s m a r k ed in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e N I OS H r e s p i r a t o r c e r t i fi -
c a t i o n s t a n d a r d , 42 CF R p a r t 84.
(j ) I d en t if ica t ion of f ilt ers, ca rt rid ges,
a n d ca n ist ers. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n -
s u r e t h a t a l l fi l t e r s , c a r t r i d g e s a n d c a n -
ist er s u sed in t h e wor k pla ce a r e la beled
a n d c o l o r c o d e d w i t h t h e N I OS H a p -
pr ova l la bel a n d t h a t t h e la bel is n ot
r em oved a n d r em a in s legible.
(k ) T ra in in g a n d in f orm a t ion . T h i s
pa r a gr a ph r equ ir es t h e em ploy er t o
p r o v i d e e ffe c t i v e t r a i n i n g t o e m p l o y e e s
wh o a r e r equ ir ed t o u se r espir a t or s.
T h e t r a in in g m u st be com pr eh en sive,
u n der st a n da ble, a n d r ecu r a n n u a lly ,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n d m o r e o ft e n i f n e c e s s a r y . T h i s p a r a -
429
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00439 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
gr a ph a lso r equ ir es t h e em ploy er t o
p r o v i d e t h e b a s i c i n fo r m a t i o n o n r e s -
pir a t or s in Appen dix D of t h is sect ion
t o em ploy ees wh o wea r r espir a t or s
wh en n ot r equ ir ed by t h is sect ion or by
t h e em ploy er t o do so.
(1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t
ea ch em ploy ee ca n dem on st r a t e k n owl-
e d g e o f a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) Wh y t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s n e c e s s a r y
a n d h o w i m p r o p e r fi t , u s a g e , o r m a i n t e -
n a n ce ca n com pr om ise t h e pr ot ect ive
e ffe c t o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r ;
(i i ) Wh a t t h e l i m i t a t i o n s a n d c a p a -
bilit ies of t h e r espir a t or a r e;
(i i i ) H o w t o u s e t h e r e s p i r a t o r e ffe c -
t ively in em er gen cy sit u a t ion s, in clu d-
in g sit u a t ion s in wh ich t h e r espir a t or
m a l fu n c t i o n s ;
(i v ) H o w t o i n s p e c t , p u t o n a n d r e -
m ove, u se, a n d ch eck t h e sea ls of t h e
r espir a t or ;
(v ) Wh a t t h e p r o c e d u r e s a r e fo r m a i n -
t en a n ce a n d st or a ge of t h e r espir a t or ;
(v i ) H o w t o r e c o g n i ze m e d i c a l s i g n s
a n d sy m pt om s t h a t m a y lim it or pr e-
v e n t t h e e ffe c t i v e u s e o f r e s p i r a t o r s ;
and
(v i i ) T h e g e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
sect ion .
(2) T h e t r a i n i n g s h a l l b e c o n d u c t e d i n
a m a n n er t h a t is u n der st a n da ble t o t h e
em ploy ee.
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e
t r a in in g pr ior t o r equ ir in g t h e em -
ploy ee t o u se a r espir a t or in t h e wor k -
pla ce.
(4) A n e m p l o y e r w h o i s a b l e t o d e m -
on st r a t e t h a t a n ew em ploy ee h a s r e-
c e i v e d t r a i n i n g w i t h i n t h e l a s t 12
m on t h s t h a t a ddr esses t h e elem en t s
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (k )(1)(i ) t h r o u g h
(v i i ) i s n o t r e q u i r e d t o r e p e a t s u c h
t r a in in g pr ovided t h a t , a s r equ ir ed by
p a r a g r a p h (k )(1), t h e e m p l o y e e c a n
dem on st r a t e k n owledge of t h ose ele-
m e n t (s ). P r e v i o u s t r a i n i n g n o t r e p e a t e d
in it ia lly by t h e em ploy er m u st be pr o-
v i d e d n o l a t e r t h a n 12 m o n t h s fr o m t h e
da t e of t h e pr eviou s t r a in in g.
(5) R e t r a i n i n g s h a l l b e a d m i n i s t e r e d
a n n u a l l y , a n d w h e n t h e fo l l o w i n g s i t u -
a t ion s occu r :
(i ) Ch a n g e s i n t h e w o r k p l a c e o r t h e
t y pe of r espir a t or r en der pr eviou s
t r a in in g obsolet e;
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
(i i ) I n a d e q u a c i e s i n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s
k n owledge or u se of t h e r espir a t or in di-
ca t e t h a t t h e em ploy ee h a s n ot r e-
t a in ed t h e r equ isit e u n der st a n din g or
sk ill; or
(i i i ) A n y o t h e r s i t u a t i o n a r i s e s i n
wh ich r et r a in in g a ppea r s n ecessa r y t o
e n s u r e s a fe r e s p i r a t o r u s e .
(6) T h e b a s i c a d v i s o r y i n fo r m a t i o n o n
r espir a t or s, a s pr esen t ed in Appen dix D
of t h is sect ion , sh a ll be pr ovided by t h e
e m p l o y e r i n a n y w r i t t e n o r o r a l fo r -
m a t , t o em ploy ees wh o wea r r es-
pir a t or s wh en su ch u se is n ot r equ ir ed
by t h is sect ion or by t h e em ploy er .
(l ) P rogra m ev a lu a t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n
r equ ir es t h e em ploy er t o con du ct eva l-
u a t ion s of t h e wor k pla ce t o en su r e t h a t
t h e wr it t en r espir a t or y pr ot ect ion pr o-
gr a m is bein g pr oper ly im plem en t ed,
a n d t o con su lt em ploy ees t o en su r e
t h a t t h ey a r e u sin g t h e r espir a t or s
pr oper ly .
(1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c o n d u c t e v a l -
u a t ion s of t h e wor k pla ce a s n ecessa r y
t o en su r e t h a t t h e pr ovision s of t h e
c u r r e n t w r i t t e n p r o g r a m a r e b e i n g e f-
fe c t i v e l y i m p l e m e n t e d a n d t h a t i t c o n -
t i n u e s t o b e e ffe c t i v e .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e g u l a r l y c o n -
su lt em ploy ees r equ ir ed t o u se r es-
pir a t or s t o a ssess t h e em ploy ees’ views
o n p r o g r a m e ffe c t i v e n e s s a n d t o i d e n -
t i fy a n y p r o b l e m s . A n y p r o b l e m s t h a t
a r e i d e n t i fi e d d u r i n g t h i s a s s e s s m e n t
sh a ll be cor r ect ed. F a ct or s t o be a s-
sessed in clu de, bu t a r e n ot lim it ed t o:
(i ) R e s p i r a t o r fi t (i n c l u d i n g t h e a b i l -
it y t o u se t h e r espir a t or wit h ou t in t er -
fe r i n g w i t h e ffe c t i v e w o r k p l a c e p e r -
fo r m a n c e );
(i i ) A p p r o p r i a t e r e s p i r a t o r s e l e c t i o n
fo r t h e h a za r d s t o w h i c h t h e e m p l o y e e
is exposed;
(i i i ) P r o p e r r e s p i r a t o r u s e u n d e r t h e
wor k pla ce con dit ion s t h e em ploy ee en -
cou n t er s; a n d
(i v ) P r o p e r r e s p i r a t o r m a i n t e n a n c e .
(m ) R ecord k eep in g. T h i s s e c t i o n r e -
qu ir es t h e em ploy er t o est a blish a n d
r e t a i n w r i t t e n i n fo r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g
m e d i c a l e v a l u a t i o n s , fi t t e s t i n g , a n d
t h e r e s p i r a t o r p r o g r a m . T h i s i n fo r m a -
t i o n w i l l fa c i l i t a t e e m p l o y e e i n v o l v e -
m en t in t h e r espir a t or pr ogr a m , a ssist
t h e em ploy er in a u dit in g t h e a dequ a cy
of t h e pr ogr a m , a n d pr ovide a r ecor d
fo r com plia n ce det er m in a t ion s by
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
OS H A .
430
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00440 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(1) M ed ica l ev a lu a t ion . R e c o r d s o f
m edica l eva lu a t ion s r equ ir ed by t h is
sect ion m u st be r et a in ed a n d m a de
a v a i l a b l e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h 29 CF R
1910.1020.
(2) F it t est in g. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
est a blish a r ecor d of t h e qu a lit a t ive
a n d q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t s a d m i n i s t e r e d
t o a n em ploy ee in clu din g:
(A ) T h e n a m e o r i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f t h e
em ploy ee t est ed;
(B ) T y p e o f fi t t e s t p e r fo r m e d ;
(C) S p e c i fi c m a k e , m o d e l , s t y l e , a n d
s i ze o f r e s p i r a t o r t e s t e d ;
(D ) D a t e o f t e s t ; a n d
(E ) T h e p a s s /fa i l r e s u l t s fo r QL F T s o r
t h e fi t fa c t o r a n d s t r i p c h a r t r e c o r d i n g
or ot h er r ecor din g of t h e t est r esu lt s
fo r QN F T s .
(i i ) F i t t e s t r e c o r d s s h a l l b e r e t a i n e d
fo r r e s p i r a t o r u s e r s u n t i l t h e n e x t fi t
t est is a dm in ist er ed.
(3) A w r i t t e n c o p y o f t h e c u r r e n t r e s -
pir a t or pr ogr a m sh a ll be r et a in ed by
t h e em ploy er .
(4) Wr i t t e n m a t e r i a l s r e q u i r e d t o b e
r et a in ed u n der t h is pa r a gr a ph sh a ll be
m a d e a v a i l a b l e u p o n r e q u e s t t o a f-
fe c t e d e m p l o y e e s a n d t o t h e A s s i s t a n t
S e c r e t a r y o r d e s i g n e e fo r e x a m i n a t i o n
a n d copy in g.
(n ) E f f ect iv e d a t e. P a r a gr a ph s
(d )(3)(i )(A ) a n d (d )(3)(i )(B ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n b e c o m e e ffe c t i v e N o v e m b e r 22,
2006.
(o ) A p p en d ices. (1) Co m p l i a n c e w i t h
A p p e n d i x A , A p p e n d i x B –1, A p p e n d i x B –
2, a n d A p p e n d i x C o f t h i s s e c t i o n i s
m a n da t or y .
(2) A p p e n d i x D o f t h i s s e c t i o n i s n o n -
m a n da t or y a n d is n ot in t en ded t o cr e-
a t e a n y a ddit ion a l obliga t ion s n ot ot h -
e r w i s e i m p o s e d o r t o d e t r a c t fr o m a n y
exist in g obliga t ion s.
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.134—F I T T E S T I N G
P R OCE D U R E S (M A N D A T OR Y )
P A R T I . OS H A -A CCE P T E D F I T T E S T
P R OT OCOL S
A . F it T est in g P roced u res— Gen era l
R equ irem en t s
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c o n d u c t fi t t e s t i n g
u s i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e s . T h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s i n t h i s a p p e n d i x a p p l y t o a l l OS H A -a c -
c e p t e d fi t t e s t m e t h o d s , b o t h QL F T a n d
QN F T .
1. T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o p i c k
t h e m o s t a c c e p t a b l e r e s p i r a t o r fr o m a s u ffi -
c i e n t n u m b e r o f r e s p i r a t o r m o d e l s a n d s i ze s
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
so t h a t t h e r espir a t or is a ccept a ble t o, a n d
c o r r e c t l y fi t s , t h e u s e r .
2. P r i o r t o t h e s e l e c t i o n p r o c e s s , t h e t e s t
su bject sh a ll be sh own h ow t o pu t on a r es-
pir a t or , h ow it sh ou ld be posit ion ed on t h e
fa c e , h o w t o s e t s t r a p t e n s i o n a n d h o w t o d e -
t e r m i n e a n a c c e p t a b l e fi t . A m i r r o r s h a l l b e
a va ila ble t o a ssist t h e su bject in eva lu a t in g
t h e fi t a n d p o s i t i o n i n g o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r . T h i s
i n s t r u c t i o n m a y n o t c o n s t i t u t e t h e s u b j e c t ’s
fo r m a l t r a i n i n g o n r e s p i r a t o r u s e , b e c a u s e i t
is on ly a r eview.
3. T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e i n fo r m e d t h a t
h e /s h e i s b e i n g a s k e d t o s e l e c t t h e r e s p i r a t o r
t h a t p r o v i d e s t h e m o s t a c c e p t a b l e fi t . E a c h
r e s p i r a t o r r e p r e s e n t s a d i ffe r e n t s i ze a n d
s h a p e , a n d i f fi t t e d a n d u s e d p r o p e r l y , w i l l
pr ovide a dequ a t e pr ot ect ion .
4. T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d t o
h o l d e a c h c h o s e n fa c e p i e c e u p t o t h e fa c e a n d
elim in a t e t h ose t h a t obviou sly do n ot give
a n a c c e p t a b l e fi t .
5. T h e m o r e a c c e p t a b l e fa c e p i e c e s a r e
n ot ed in ca se t h e on e select ed pr oves u n a c-
c e p t a b l e ; t h e m o s t c o m fo r t a b l e m a s k i s
d o n n e d a n d w o r n a t l e a s t fi v e m i n u t e s t o a s -
s e s s c o m fo r t . A s s i s t a n c e i n a s s e s s i n g c o m fo r t
ca n be given by discu ssin g t h e poin t s in t h e
fo l l o w i n g i t e m A .6. I f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t i s n o t
fa m i l i a r w i t h u s i n g a p a r t i c u l a r r e s p i r a t o r ,
t h e t est su bject sh a ll be dir ect ed t o don t h e
m a sk sever a l t im es a n d t o a dju st t h e st r a ps
ea ch t im e t o becom e a dept a t set t in g pr oper
t en sion on t h e st r a ps.
6. A s s e s s m e n t o f c o m fo r t s h a l l i n c l u d e a r e -
v i e w o f t h e fo l l o w i n g p o i n t s w i t h t h e t e s t
su bject a n d a llowin g t h e t est su bject a de-
q u a t e t i m e t o d e t e r m i n e t h e c o m fo r t o f t h e
r espir a t or :
(a ) P o s i t i o n o f t h e m a s k o n t h e n o s e
(b ) R o o m fo r e y e p r o t e c t i o n
(c ) R o o m t o t a l k
(d ) P o s i t i o n o f m a s k o n fa c e a n d c h e e k s
7. T h e fo l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a s h a l l b e u s e d t o
h elp det er m in e t h e a dequ a cy of t h e r es-
p i r a t o r fi t :
(a ) Ch i n p r o p e r l y p l a c e d ;
(b ) A d e q u a t e s t r a p t e n s i o n , n o t o v e r l y
t igh t en ed;
(c ) F i t a c r o s s n o s e b r i d g e ;
(d ) R e s p i r a t o r o f p r o p e r s i ze t o s p a n d i s -
t a n c e fr o m n o s e t o c h i n ;
(e ) T e n d e n c y o f r e s p i r a t o r t o s l i p ;
(f) S e l f-o b s e r v a t i o n i n m i r r o r t o e v a l u a t e
fi t a n d r e s p i r a t o r p o s i t i o n .
8. T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l c o n d u c t a u s e r
sea l ch eck , eit h er t h e n ega t ive a n d posit ive
pr essu r e sea l ch eck s descr ibed in Appen dix
B –1 o f t h i s s e c t i o n o r t h o s e r e c o m m e n d e d b y
t h e r e s p i r a t o r m a n u fa c t u r e r w h i c h p r o v i d e
equ iva len t pr ot ect ion t o t h e pr ocedu r es in
A p p e n d i x B –1. B e fo r e c o n d u c t i n g t h e n e g a -
t ive a n d posit ive pr essu r e ch eck s, t h e su bject
s h a l l b e t o l d t o s e a t t h e m a s k o n t h e fa c e b y
m o v i n g t h e h e a d fr o m s i d e -t o -s i d e a n d u p
a n d d o w n s l o w l y w h i l e t a k i n g i n a fe w s l o w
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
d e e p b r e a t h s . A n o t h e r fa c e p i e c e s h a l l b e s e -
431
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00441 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
l e c t e d a n d r e t e s t e d i f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t fa i l s
t h e u ser sea l ch eck t est s.
9. T h e t e s t s h a l l n o t b e c o n d u c t e d i f t h e r e
is a n y h a ir gr owt h bet ween t h e sk in a n d t h e
fa c e p i e c e s e a l i n g s u r fa c e , s u c h a s s t u b b l e
bea r d gr owt h , bea r d, m u st a ch e or sidebu r n s
w h i c h c r o s s t h e r e s p i r a t o r s e a l i n g s u r fa c e .
A n y t y p e o f a p p a r e l w h i c h i n t e r fe r e s w i t h a
s a t i s fa c t o r y fi t s h a l l b e a l t e r e d o r r e m o v e d .
10. I f a t e s t s u b j e c t e x h i b i t s d i ffi c u l t y i n
br ea t h in g du r in g t h e t est s, sh e or h e sh a ll be
r e fe r r e d t o a p h y s i c i a n o r o t h e r l i c e n s e d
h e a l t h c a r e p r o fe s s i o n a l , a s a p p r o p r i a t e , t o
det er m in e wh et h er t h e t est su bject ca n wea r
a r e s p i r a t o r w h i l e p e r fo r m i n g h e r o r h i s d u -
t ies.
11. I f t h e e m p l o y e e fi n d s t h e fi t o f t h e r e s -
pir a t or u n a ccept a ble, t h e t est su bject sh a ll
b e g i v e n t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o s e l e c t a d i ffe r e n t
r espir a t or a n d t o be r et est ed.
12. E x e r c i s e r e g i m e n . P r i o r t o t h e c o m -
m e n c e m e n t o f t h e fi t t e s t , t h e t e s t s u b j e c t
s h a l l b e g i v e n a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e fi t t e s t
a n d t h e t e s t s u b j e c t ’s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s d u r i n g
t h e t est pr ocedu r e. T h e descr ipt ion of t h e
pr ocess sh a ll in clu de a descr ipt ion of t h e t est
e x e r c i s e s t h a t t h e s u b j e c t w i l l b e p e r fo r m i n g .
T h e r e s p i r a t o r t o b e t e s t e d s h a l l b e w o r n fo r
a t l e a s t 5 m i n u t e s b e fo r e t h e s t a r t o f t h e fi t
t est .
13. T h e fi t t e s t s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d w h i l e
t h e t est su bject is wea r in g a n y a pplica ble
s a fe t y e q u i p m e n t t h a t m a y b e w o r n d u r i n g
a c t u a l r e s p i r a t o r u s e w h i c h c o u l d i n t e r fe r e
w i t h r e s p i r a t o r fi t .
14. T e s t E x e r c i s e s . (a ) E m p l o y e r s m u s t p e r -
fo r m t h e fo l l o w i n g t e s t e x e r c i s e s fo r a l l fi t
t est in g m et h ods pr escr ibed in t h is a ppen dix,
e x c e p t fo r t h e CN P q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g
p r o t o c o l a n d t h e CN P R E D ON q u a n t i t a t i v e
fi t t e s t i n g p r o t o c o l . F o r t h e s e t w o p r o t o c o l s ,
em ploy er s m u st en su r e t h a t t h e t est su bject s
(i.e., e m p l o y e e s ) p e r fo r m t h e e x e r c i s e p r o c e -
d u r e s p e c i fi e d i n P a r t I .C.4(b ) o f t h i s a p p e n -
d i x fo r t h e CN P q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g p r o -
t ocol, or t h e exer cise pr ocedu r e descr ibed in
P a r t I .C.5(b ) o f t h i s a p p e n d i x fo r t h e CN P
R E D ON q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t -t e s t i n g p r o t o c o l .
F o r t h e r e m a i n i n g fi t t e s t i n g m e t h o d s , e m -
p l o y e r s m u s t e n s u r e t h a t e m p l o y e e s p e r fo r m
t h e t est exer cises in t h e a ppr opr ia t e t est en -
v i r o n m e n t i n t h e fo l l o w i n g m a n n e r :
(1) N o r m a l b r e a t h i n g . I n a n o r m a l s t a n d i n g
posit ion , wit h ou t t a lk in g, t h e su bject sh a ll
br ea t h e n or m a lly .
(2) D e e p b r e a t h i n g . I n a n o r m a l s t a n d i n g
posit ion , t h e su bject sh a ll br ea t h e slowly
a n d deeply , t a k in g ca u t ion so a s n ot t o
h y per ven t ila t e.
(3) T u r n i n g h e a d s i d e t o s i d e . S t a n d i n g i n
p l a c e , t h e s u b j e c t s h a l l s l o w l y t u r n h i s /h e r
h e a d fr o m s i d e t o s i d e b e t w e e n t h e e x t r e m e
posit ion s on ea ch side. T h e h ea d sh a ll be h eld
a t ea ch ext r em e m om en t a r ily so t h e su bject
ca n in h a le a t ea ch side.
(4) M o v i n g h e a d u p a n d d o w n . S t a n d i n g i n
p l a c e , t h e s u b j e c t s h a l l s l o w l y m o v e h i s /h e r
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
h ea d u p a n d down . T h e su bject sh a ll be in -
s t r u c t e d t o i n h a l e i n t h e u p p o s i t i o n (i .e .,
w h e n l o o k i n g t o w a r d t h e c e i l i n g ).
(5) T a l k i n g . T h e s u b j e c t s h a l l t a l k o u t l o u d
slowly a n d lou d en ou gh so a s t o be h ea r d
clea r ly by t h e t est con du ct or . T h e su bject
c a n r e a d fr o m a p r e p a r e d t e x t s u c h a s t h e
R a i n b o w P a s s a g e , c o u n t b a c k w a r d fr o m 100,
o r r e c i t e a m e m o r i ze d p o e m o r s o n g .
R a in bow P a ssa ge
Wh e n t h e s u n l i g h t s t r i k e s r a i n d r o p s i n t h e
a i r , t h e y a c t l i k e a p r i s m a n d fo r m a r a i n -
bow. T h e r a in bow is a division of wh it e ligh t
i n t o m a n y b e a u t i fu l c o l o r s . T h e s e t a k e t h e
sh a pe of a lon g r ou n d a r ch , wit h it s pa t h
h igh a bove, a n d it s t wo en ds a ppa r en t ly be-
y o n d t h e h o r i zo n . T h e r e i s , a c c o r d i n g t o l e g -
en d, a boilin g pot of gold a t on e en d. P eople
l o o k , b u t n o o n e e v e r fi n d s i t . Wh e n a m a n
l o o k s fo r s o m e t h i n g b e y o n d r e a c h , h i s
fr i e n d s s a y h e i s l o o k i n g fo r t h e p o t o f g o l d
a t t h e en d of t h e r a in bow.
(6) G r i m a c e . T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l g r i m a c e
b y s m i l i n g o r fr o w n i n g . (T h i s a p p l i e s o n l y t o
QN F T t e s t i n g ; i t i s n o t p e r fo r m e d fo r QL F T )
(7) B e n d i n g o v e r . T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l
b e n d a t t h e w a i s t a s i f h e /s h e w e r e t o t o u c h
h i s /h e r t o e s . J o g g i n g i n p l a c e s h a l l b e s u b -
s t i t u t e d fo r t h i s e x e r c i s e i n t h o s e t e s t e n v i -
r o n m e n t s s u c h a s s h r o u d t y p e QN F T o r
QL F T u n i t s t h a t d o n o t p e r m i t b e n d i n g o v e r
a t t h e wa ist .
(8) N o r m a l b r e a t h i n g . S a m e a s e x e r c i s e (1).
(b ) E a c h t e s t e x e r c i s e s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d
fo r o n e m i n u t e e x c e p t fo r t h e g r i m a c e e x e r -
c i s e w h i c h s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d fo r 15 s e c o n d s .
T h e t est su bject sh a ll be qu est ion ed by t h e
t e s t c o n d u c t o r r e g a r d i n g t h e c o m fo r t o f t h e
r espir a t or u pon com plet ion of t h e pr ot ocol.
If it h a s becom e u n a ccept a ble, a n ot h er
m odel of r espir a t or sh a ll be t r ied. T h e r es-
p i r a t o r s h a l l n o t b e a d j u s t e d o n c e t h e fi t t e s t
exer cises begin . An y a dju st m en t voids t h e
t e s t , a n d t h e fi t t e s t m u s t b e r e p e a t e d .
B . Q u a lit a t iv e F it T est (Q L F T ) P rot ocols
1. G e n e r a l
(a ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t p e r s o n s
a d m i n i s t e r i n g QL F T a r e a b l e t o p r e p a r e t e s t
s o l u t i o n s , c a l i b r a t e e q u i p m e n t a n d p e r fo r m
t e s t s p r o p e r l y , r e c o g n i ze i n v a l i d t e s t s , a n d
en su r e t h a t t est equ ipm en t is in pr oper
wor k in g or der .
(b ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t QL F T
equ ipm en t is k ept clea n a n d well m a in t a in ed
s o a s t o o p e r a t e w i t h i n t h e p a r a m e t e r s fo r
wh ich it wa s design ed.
2. I s o a m y l A c e t a t e P r o t o c o l
N OT E : T h i s p r o t o c o l i s n o t a p p r o p r i a t e t o
u s e fo r t h e fi t t e s t i n g o f p a r t i c u l a t e r e s -
p i r a t o r s . I f u s e d t o fi t t e s t p a r t i c u l a t e r e s -
pir a t or s, t h e r espir a t or m u st be equ ipped
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
w i t h a n o r g a n i c v a p o r fi l t e r .
432
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00442 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(a ) Od o r T h r e s h o l d S c r e e n i n g
Od o r t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g , p e r fo r m e d w i t h -
ou t wea r in g a r espir a t or , is in t en ded t o de-
t er m in e if t h e in dividu a l t est ed ca n det ect
t h e odor of isoa m y l a cet a t e a t low levels.
(1) T h r e e 1 l i t e r g l a s s j a r s w i t h m e t a l l i d s
a r e r equ ir ed.
(2) Od o r -fr e e w a t e r (e .g ., d i s t i l l e d o r s p r i n g
w a t e r ) a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 25 °C (77 °F ) s h a l l b e
u s e d fo r t h e s o l u t i o n s .
(3) T h e i s o a m y l a c e t a t e (I A A ) (a l s o k n o w n
a t isopen t y l a cet a t e) st ock solu t ion is pr e-
p a r e d b y a d d i n g 1 m l o f p u r e I A A t o 800 m l
o f o d o r -fr e e w a t e r i n a 1 l i t e r j a r , c l o s i n g t h e
l i d a n d s h a k i n g fo r 30 s e c o n d s . A n e w s o l u -
t ion sh a ll be pr epa r ed a t lea st week ly .
(4) T h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t s h a l l b e c o n d u c t e d i n
a r o o m s e p a r a t e fr o m t h e r o o m u s e d fo r a c -
t u a l fi t t e s t i n g . T h e t w o r o o m s s h a l l b e w e l l -
v e n t i l a t e d t o p r e v e n t t h e o d o r o f I A A fr o m
becom in g eviden t in t h e gen er a l r oom a ir
wh er e t est in g t a k es pla ce.
(5) T h e o d o r t e s t s o l u t i o n i s p r e p a r e d i n a
s e c o n d j a r b y p l a c i n g 0.4 m l o f t h e s t o c k s o -
l u t i o n i n t o 500 m l o f o d o r -fr e e w a t e r u s i n g a
clea n dr opper or pipet t e. T h e solu t ion sh a ll
b e s h a k e n fo r 30 s e c o n d s a n d a l l o w e d t o
s t a n d fo r t w o t o t h r e e m i n u t e s s o t h a t t h e
IAA con cen t r a t ion a bove t h e liqu id m a y
r ea ch equ ilibr iu m . T h is solu t ion sh a ll be
u s e d fo r o n l y o n e d a y .
(6) A t e s t b l a n k s h a l l b e p r e p a r e d i n a t h i r d
j a r b y a d d i n g 500 c c o f o d o r -fr e e w a t e r .
(7) T h e o d o r t e s t a n d t e s t b l a n k j a r l i d s
s h a l l b e l a b e l e d (e .g ., 1 a n d 2) fo r j a r i d e n t i -
fi c a t i o n . L a b e l s s h a l l b e p l a c e d o n t h e l i d s s o
t h a t t h e y c a n b e p e e l e d o ff p e r i o d i c a l l y a n d
swit ch ed t o m a in t a in t h e in t egr it y of t h e
t est .
(8) T h e fo l l o w i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s h a l l b e t y p e d
o n a c a r d a n d p l a c e d o n t h e t a b l e i n fr o n t o f
t h e t w o t e s t j a r s (i .e ., 1 a n d 2): ‘‘T h e p u r p o s e
of t h is t est is t o det er m in e if y ou ca n sm ell
ba n a n a oil a t a low con cen t r a t ion . T h e t wo
b o t t l e s i n fr o n t o f y o u c o n t a i n w a t e r . On e o f
t h ese bot t les a lso con t a in s a sm a ll a m ou n t
of ba n a n a oil. Be su r e t h e cover s a r e on
t i g h t , t h e n s h a k e e a c h b o t t l e fo r t w o s e c -
on ds. Un scr ew t h e lid of ea ch bot t le, on e a t
a t i m e , a n d s n i ff a t t h e m o u t h o f t h e b o t t l e .
In dica t e t o t h e t est con du ct or wh ich bot t le
c o n t a i n s b a n a n a o i l .’’
(9) T h e m i x t u r e s u s e d i n t h e I A A o d o r d e -
t ect ion t est sh a ll be pr epa r ed in a n a r ea sep-
a r a t e fr o m w h e r e t h e t e s t i s p e r fo r m e d , i n
o r d e r t o p r e v e n t o l fa c t o r y fa t i g u e i n t h e s u b -
ject .
(10) I f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t i s u n a b l e t o c o r -
r e c t l y i d e n t i fy t h e j a r c o n t a i n i n g t h e o d o r
t e s t s o l u t i o n , t h e I A A q u a l i t a t i v e fi t t e s t
s h a l l n o t b e p e r fo r m e d .
(11) I f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t c o r r e c t l y i d e n t i fi e s
t h e ja r con t a in in g t h e odor t est solu t ion , t h e
t est su bject m a y pr oceed t o r espir a t or selec-
t i o n a n d fi t t e s t i n g .
(b ) I s o a m y l A c e t a t e F i t T e s t
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(1) T h e fi t t e s t c h a m b e r s h a l l b e a c l e a r 55-
ga llon dr u m lin er su spen ded in ver t ed over a
2-fo o t d i a m e t e r fr a m e s o t h a t t h e t o p o f t h e
ch a m ber is a bou t 6 in ch es a bove t h e t est su b-
j e c t ’s h e a d . I f n o d r u m l i n e r i s a v a i l a b l e , a
sim ila r ch a m ber sh a ll be con st r u ct ed u sin g
pla st ic sh eet in g. T h e in side t op cen t er of t h e
ch a m ber sh a ll h a ve a sm a ll h ook a t t a ch ed.
(2) E a c h r e s p i r a t o r u s e d fo r t h e fi t t i n g a n d
fi t t e s t i n g s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h o r g a n i c
v a p o r c a r t r i d g e s o r o ffe r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t
or ga n ic va por s.
(3) A ft e r s e l e c t i n g , d o n n i n g , a n d p r o p e r l y
a dju st in g a r espir a t or , t h e t est su bject sh a ll
w e a r i t t o t h e fi t t e s t i n g r o o m . T h i s r o o m
s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e fr o m t h e r o o m u s e d fo r
odor t h r esh old scr een in g a n d r espir a t or se-
l e c t i o n , a n d s h a l l b e w e l l -v e n t i l a t e d , a s b y a n
e x h a u s t fa n o r l a b h o o d , t o p r e v e n t g e n e r a l
r oom con t a m in a t ion .
(4) A c o p y o f t h e t e s t e x e r c i s e s a n d a n y
p r e p a r e d t e x t fr o m w h i c h t h e s u b j e c t i s t o
r ea d sh a ll be t a ped t o t h e in side of t h e t est
ch a m ber .
(5) U p o n e n t e r i n g t h e t e s t c h a m b e r , t h e
t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e g i v e n a 6-i n c h b y 5-i n c h
piece of pa per t owel, or ot h er por ou s, a bsor b-
e n t , s i n g l e -p l y m a t e r i a l , fo l d e d i n h a l f a n d
w e t t e d w i t h 0.75 m l o f p u r e I A A . T h e t e s t
su bject sh a ll h a n g t h e wet t owel on t h e h ook
a t t h e t op of t h e ch a m ber . An IAA t est swa b
o r a m p u l e m a y b e s u b s t i t u t e d fo r t h e I A A
wet t ed pa per t owel pr ovided it h a s been dem -
on st r a t ed t h a t t h e a lt er n a t ive IAA sou r ce
will gen er a t e a n IAA t est a t m osph er e wit h a
con cen t r a t ion equ iva len t t o t h a t gen er a t ed
by t h e pa per t owel m et h od.
(6) A l l o w t w o m i n u t e s fo r t h e I A A t e s t c o n -
c e n t r a t i o n t o s t a b i l i ze b e fo r e s t a r t i n g t h e fi t
t est exer cises. T h is wou ld be a n a ppr opr ia t e
t im e t o t a lk wit h t h e t est su bject ; t o expla in
t h e fi t t e s t , t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f h i s /h e r c o -
o p e r a t i o n , a n d t h e p u r p o s e fo r t h e t e s t e x e r -
cises; or t o dem on st r a t e som e of t h e exer -
cises.
(7) I f a t a n y t i m e d u r i n g t h e t e s t , t h e s u b -
j e c t d e t e c t s t h e b a n a n a -l i k e o d o r o f I A A , t h e
t e s t i s fa i l e d . T h e s u b j e c t s h a l l q u i c k l y e x i t
fr o m t h e t e s t c h a m b e r a n d l e a v e t h e t e s t
a r e a t o a v o i d o l fa c t o r y fa t i g u e .
(8) I f t h e t e s t i s fa i l e d , t h e s u b j e c t s h a l l r e -
t u r n t o t h e select ion r oom a n d r em ove t h e
r espir a t or . T h e t est su bject sh a ll r epea t t h e
odor sen sit ivit y t est , select a n d pu t on a n -
ot h er r espir a t or , r et u r n t o t h e t est a r ea a n d
a g a i n b e g i n t h e fi t t e s t p r o c e d u r e d e s c r i b e d
i n (b ) (1) t h r o u g h (7) a b o v e . T h e p r o c e s s c o n -
t i n u e s u n t i l a r e s p i r a t o r t h a t fi t s w e l l h a s
b e e n fo u n d . S h o u l d t h e o d o r s e n s i t i v i t y t e s t
b e fa i l e d , t h e s u b j e c t s h a l l w a i t a t l e a s t 5
m i n u t e s b e fo r e r e t e s t i n g . Od o r s e n s i t i v i t y
will u su a lly h a ve r et u r n ed by t h is t im e.
(9) I f t h e s u b j e c t p a s s e s t h e t e s t , t h e e ffi -
cien cy of t h e t est pr ocedu r e sh a ll be dem -
on st r a t ed by h a vin g t h e su bject br ea k t h e
r e s p i r a t o r fa c e s e a l a n d t a k e a b r e a t h b e fo r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
exit in g t h e ch a m ber .
433
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00443 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
(10) Wh e n t h e t e s t s u b j e c t l e a v e s t h e c h a m -
ber , t h e su bject sh a ll r em ove t h e sa t u r a t ed
t owel a n d r et u r n it t o t h e per son con du ct in g
t h e t e s t , s o t h a t t h e r e i s n o s i g n i fi c a n t I A A
con cen t r a t ion bu ildu p in t h e ch a m ber du r in g
su bsequ en t t est s. T h e u sed t owels sh a ll be
k e p t i n a s e l f-s e a l i n g p l a s t i c b a g t o k e e p t h e
t e s t a r e a fr o m b e i n g c o n t a m i n a t e d .
3. S a c c h a r i n S o l u t i o n A e r o s o l P r o t o c o l
T h e en t ir e scr een in g a n d t est in g pr ocedu r e
sh a ll be expla in ed t o t h e t est su bject pr ior t o
t h e con du ct of t h e scr een in g t est .
(a ) T a s t e t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g . T h e s a c -
c h a r i n t a s t e t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g , p e r fo r m e d
wit h ou t wea r in g a r espir a t or , is in t en ded t o
det er m in e wh et h er t h e in dividu a l bein g t est -
ed ca n det ect t h e t a st e of sa cch a r in .
(1) D u r i n g t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g a s w e l l a s
d u r i n g fi t t e s t i n g , s u b j e c t s s h a l l w e a r a n e n -
closu r e a bou t t h e h ea d a n d sh ou lder s t h a t is
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 12 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r b y 14
i n c h e s t a l l w i t h a t l e a s t t h e fr o n t p o r t i o n
c l e a r a n d t h a t a l l o w s fr e e m o v e m e n t s o f t h e
h ea d wh en a r espir a t or is wor n . An en closu r e
s u b s t a n t i a l l y s i m i l a r t o t h e 3M h o o d a s s e m -
b l y , p a r t s # F T 14 a n d # F T 15 c o m b i n e d , i s
a dequ a t e.
(2) T h e t e s t e n c l o s u r e s h a l l h a v e a 3⁄4-i n c h
(1.9 c m ) h o l e i n fr o n t o f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t ’s
n ose a n d m ou t h a r ea t o a ccom m oda t e t h e
n e b u l i ze r n o zzl e .
(3) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l d o n t h e t e s t e n -
closu r e. T h r ou gh ou t t h e t h r esh old scr een in g
t est , t h e t est su bject sh a ll br ea t h e t h r ou gh
h i s /h e r s l i g h t l y o p e n m o u t h w i t h t o n g u e e x -
t en ded. T h e su bject is in st r u ct ed t o r epor t
w h e n h e /s h e d e t e c t s a s w e e t t a s t e .
(4) U s i n g a D e V i l b i s s M o d e l 40 I n h a l a t i o n
M e d i c a t i o n N e b u l i ze r o r e q u i v a l e n t , t h e t e s t
con du ct or sh a ll spr a y t h e t h r esh old ch eck
s o l u t i o n i n t o t h e e n c l o s u r e . T h e n o zzl e i s d i -
r e c t e d a w a y fr o m t h e n o s e a n d m o u t h o f t h e
p e r s o n . T h i s n e b u l i ze r s h a l l b e c l e a r l y
m a r k e d t o d i s t i n g u i s h i t fr o m t h e fi t t e s t s o -
l u t i o n n e b u l i ze r .
(5) T h e t h r e s h o l d c h e c k s o l u t i o n i s p r e -
p a r e d b y d i s s o l v i n g 0.83 g r a m o f s o d i u m s a c -
c h a r i n U S P i n 100 m l o f w a r m w a t e r . I t c a n
b e p r e p a r e d b y p u t t i n g 1 m l o f t h e fi t t e s t s o -
l u t i o n (s e e (b )(5) b e l o w ) i n 100 m l o f d i s t i l l e d
wa t er .
(6) T o p r o d u c e t h e a e r o s o l , t h e n e b u l i ze r
b u l b i s fi r m l y s q u e e ze d s o t h a t i t c o l l a p s e s
com plet ely , t h en r elea sed a n d a llowed t o
fu l l y e x p a n d .
(7) T e n s q u e e ze s a r e r e p e a t e d r a p i d l y a n d
t h en t h e t est su bject is a sk ed wh et h er t h e
sa cch a r in ca n be t a st ed. If t h e t est su bject
r epor t s t a st in g t h e sweet t a st e du r in g t h e
t e n s q u e e ze s , t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t i s c o m p l e t e d .
T h e t a st e t h r esh old is n ot ed a s t en r ega r d-
l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s a c t u a l l y c o m -
plet ed.
(8) I f t h e fi r s t r e s p o n s e i s n e g a t i v e , t e n
m o r e s q u e e ze s a r e r e p e a t e d r a p i d l y a n d t h e
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
t est su bject is a ga in a sk ed wh et h er t h e sa c-
ch a r in is t a st ed. If t h e t est su bject r epor t s
t a st in g t h e sweet t a st e du r in g t h e secon d t en
s q u e e ze s , t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t i s c o m p l e t e d .
T h e t a st e t h r esh old is n ot ed a s t wen t y r e-
g a r d l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s a c t u a l l y
com plet ed.
(9) I f t h e s e c o n d r e s p o n s e i s n e g a t i v e , t e n
m o r e s q u e e ze s a r e r e p e a t e d r a p i d l y a n d t h e
t est su bject is a ga in a sk ed wh et h er t h e sa c-
ch a r in is t a st ed. If t h e t est su bject r epor t s
t a st in g t h e sweet t a st e du r in g t h e t h ir d set
o f t e n s q u e e ze s , t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t i s c o m -
plet ed. T h e t a st e t h r esh old is n ot ed a s t h ir t y
r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s a c t u a l l y
com plet ed.
(10) T h e t e s t c o n d u c t o r w i l l t a k e n o t e o f
t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s r e q u i r e d t o s o l i c i t a
t a st e r espon se.
(11) I f t h e s a c c h a r i n i s n o t t a s t e d a ft e r 30
s q u e e ze s (s t e p 10), t h e t e s t s u b j e c t i s u n a b l e
t o t a s t e s a c c h a r i n a n d m a y n o t p e r fo r m t h e
s a c c h a r i n fi t t e s t .
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H 3(a ): I f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t
e a t s o r d r i n k s s o m e t h i n g s w e e t b e fo r e t h e
s c r e e n i n g t e s t , h e /s h e m a y b e u n a b l e t o t a s t e
t h e wea k sa cch a r in solu t ion .
(12) I f a t a s t e r e s p o n s e i s e l i c i t e d , t h e t e s t
su bject sh a ll be a sk ed t o t a k e n ot e of t h e
t a s t e fo r r e fe r e n c e i n t h e fi t t e s t .
(13) Co r r e c t u s e o f t h e n e b u l i ze r m e a n s
t h a t a ppr oxim a t ely 1 m l of liqu id is u sed a t
a t i m e i n t h e n e b u l i ze r b o d y .
(14) T h e n e b u l i ze r s h a l l b e t h o r o u g h l y
r i n s e d i n w a t e r , s h a k e n d r y , a n d r e fi l l e d a t
l e a s t e a c h m o r n i n g a n d a ft e r n o o n o r a t l e a s t
e v e r y fo u r h o u r s .
(b ) S a c c h a r i n s o l u t i o n a e r o s o l fi t t e s t p r o -
cedu r e.
(1) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t m a y n o t e a t , d r i n k (e x -
c e p t p l a i n w a t e r ), s m o k e , o r c h e w g u m fo r 15
m i n u t e s b e fo r e t h e t e s t .
(2) T h e fi t t e s t u s e s t h e s a m e e n c l o s u r e d e -
s c r i b e d i n 3. (a ) a b o v e .
(3) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l d o n t h e e n c l o s u r e
wh ile wea r in g t h e r espir a t or select ed in sec-
t ion I. A. of t h is a ppen dix. T h e r espir a t or
sh a ll be pr oper ly a dju st ed a n d equ ipped wit h
a p a r t i c u l a t e fi l t e r (s ).
(4) A s e c o n d D e V i l b i s s M o d e l 40 I n h a l a t i o n
M e d i c a t i o n N e b u l i ze r o r e q u i v a l e n t i s u s e d
t o s p r a y t h e fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n i n t o t h e e n c l o -
s u r e . T h i s n e b u l i ze r s h a l l b e c l e a r l y m a r k e d
t o d i s t i n g u i s h i t fr o m t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t s o -
l u t i o n n e b u l i ze r .
(5) T h e fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n i s p r e p a r e d b y a d d -
i n g 83 g r a m s o f s o d i u m s a c c h a r i n t o 100 m l o f
wa r m wa t er .
(6) A s b e fo r e , t h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b r e a t h e
t h r ou gh t h e sligh t ly open m ou t h wit h t on gu e
e x t e n d e d , a n d r e p o r t i f h e /s h e t a s t e s t h e
sweet t a st e of sa cch a r in .
(7) T h e n e b u l i ze r i s i n s e r t e d i n t o t h e h o l e
i n t h e fr o n t o f t h e e n c l o s u r e a n d a n i n i t i a l
c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f s a c c h a r i n fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
is spr a y ed in t o t h e en closu r e u sin g t h e sa m e
434
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00444 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s (e i t h e r 10, 20 o r 30 s q u e e z-
e s ) b a s e d o n t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s r e q u i r e d
t o elicit a t a st e r espon se a s n ot ed du r in g t h e
s c r e e n i n g t e s t . A m i n i m u m o f 10 s q u e e ze s i s
r equ ir ed.
(8) A ft e r g e n e r a t i n g t h e a e r o s o l , t h e t e s t
s u b j e c t s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d t o p e r fo r m t h e e x -
e r c i s e s i n s e c t i o n I . A . 14. o f t h i s a p p e n d i x .
(9) E v e r y 30 s e c o n d s t h e a e r o s o l c o n c e n t r a -
t ion sh a ll be r eplen ish ed u sin g on e h a lf t h e
o r i g i n a l n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s u s e d i n i t i a l l y
(e .g ., 5, 10 o r 15).
(10) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l i n d i c a t e t o t h e
t e s t c o n d u c t o r i f a t a n y t i m e d u r i n g t h e fi t
t est t h e t a st e of sa cch a r in is det ect ed. If t h e
t est su bject does n ot r epor t t a st in g t h e sa c-
ch a r in , t h e t est is pa ssed.
(11) I f t h e t a s t e o f s a c c h a r i n i s d e t e c t e d ,
t h e fi t i s d e e m e d u n s a t i s fa c t o r y a n d t h e t e s t
i s fa i l e d . A d i ffe r e n t r e s p i r a t o r s h a l l b e t r i e d
a n d t h e en t ir e t est pr ocedu r e is r epea t ed
(t a s t e t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g a n d fi t t e s t i n g ).
(12) S i n c e t h e n e b u l i ze r h a s a t e n d e n c y t o
clog du r in g u se, t h e t est oper a t or m u st m a k e
p e r i o d i c c h e c k s o f t h e n e b u l i ze r t o e n s u r e
t h a t i t i s n o t c l o g g e d . I f c l o g g i n g i s fo u n d a t
t h e en d of t h e t est session , t h e t est is in -
va lid.
4. B i t r e x T M (D e n a t o n i u m B e n zo a t e ) S o l u t i o n
A e r o s o l Qu a l i t a t i v e F i t T e s t P r o t o c o l
T h e B i t r e x T M (D e n a t o n i u m b e n zo a t e ) s o l u -
t i o n a e r o s o l QL F T p r o t o c o l u s e s t h e p u b -
lish ed sa cch a r in t est pr ot ocol beca u se t h a t
pr ot ocol is widely a ccept ed. Bit r ex is r ou -
t in ely u sed a s a t a st e a ver sion a gen t in
h ou seh old liqu ids wh ich ch ildr en sh ou ld n ot
be dr in k in g a n d is en dor sed by t h e Am er ica n
M e d i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , t h e N a t i o n a l S a fe t y
Co u n c i l , a n d t h e A m e r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n o f
P o i s o n Co n t r o l Ce n t e r s . T h e e n t i r e s c r e e n i n g
a n d t est in g pr ocedu r e sh a ll be expla in ed t o
t h e t est su bject pr ior t o t h e con du ct of t h e
scr een in g t est .
(a ) T a s t e T h r e s h o l d S c r e e n i n g .
T h e Bit r ex t a st e t h r esh old scr een in g, per -
fo r m e d w i t h o u t w e a r i n g a r e s p i r a t o r , i s i n -
t en ded t o det er m in e wh et h er t h e in dividu a l
bein g t est ed ca n det ect t h e t a st e of Bit r ex.
(1) D u r i n g t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g a s w e l l a s
d u r i n g fi t t e s t i n g , s u b j e c t s s h a l l w e a r a n e n -
closu r e a bou t t h e h ea d a n d sh ou lder s t h a t is
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 12 i n c h e s (30.5 c m ) i n d i a m e -
t e r b y 14 i n c h e s (35.6 c m ) t a l l . T h e fr o n t p o r -
t i o n o f t h e e n c l o s u r e s h a l l b e c l e a r fr o m t h e
r e s p i r a t o r a n d a l l o w fr e e m o v e m e n t o f t h e
h ea d wh en a r espir a t or is wor n . An en closu r e
s u b s t a n t i a l l y s i m i l a r t o t h e 3M h o o d a s s e m -
b l y , p a r t s # F T 14 a n d # F T 15 c o m b i n e d , i s
a dequ a t e.
(2) T h e t e s t e n c l o s u r e s h a l l h a v e a 3⁄4 i n c h
(1.9 c m ) h o l e i n fr o n t o f t h e t e s t s u b j e c t ’s
n ose a n d m ou t h a r ea t o a ccom m oda t e t h e
n e b u l i ze r n o zzl e .
(3) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l d o n t h e t e s t e n -
closu r e. T h r ou gh ou t t h e t h r esh old scr een in g
t est , t h e t est su bject sh a ll br ea t h e t h r ou gh
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
h is or h er sligh t ly open m ou t h wit h t on gu e
ext en ded. T h e su bject is in st r u ct ed t o r epor t
w h e n h e /s h e d e t e c t s a b i t t e r t a s t e .
(4) U s i n g a D e V i l b i s s M o d e l 40 I n h a l a t i o n
M e d i c a t i o n N e b u l i ze r o r e q u i v a l e n t , t h e t e s t
c o n d u c t o r s h a l l s p r a y t h e T h r e s h o l d Ch e c k
S o l u t i o n i n t o t h e e n c l o s u r e . T h i s N e b u l i ze r
sh a ll be clea r ly m a r k ed t o dist in gu ish it
fr o m t h e fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n n e b u l i ze r .
(5) T h e T h r e s h o l d Ch e c k S o l u t i o n i s p r e -
p a r e d b y a d d i n g 13.5 m i l l i g r a m s o f B i t r e x t o
100 m l o f 5% s a l t (N a Cl ) s o l u t i o n i n d i s t i l l e d
wa t er .
(6) T o p r o d u c e t h e a e r o s o l , t h e n e b u l i ze r
b u l b i s fi r m l y s q u e e ze d s o t h a t t h e b u l b c o l -
la pses com plet ely , a n d is t h en r elea sed a n d
a l l o w e d t o fu l l y e x p a n d .
(7) A n i n i t i a l t e n s q u e e ze s a r e r e p e a t e d r a p -
idly a n d t h en t h e t est su bject is a sk ed
wh et h er t h e Bit r ex ca n be t a st ed. If t h e t est
su bject r epor t s t a st in g t h e bit t er t a st e du r -
i n g t h e t e n s q u e e ze s , t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t i s
com plet ed. T h e t a st e t h r esh old is n ot ed a s
t e n r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s a c -
t u a lly com plet ed.
(8) I f t h e fi r s t r e s p o n s e i s n e g a t i v e , t e n
m o r e s q u e e ze s a r e r e p e a t e d r a p i d l y a n d t h e
t est su bject is a ga in a sk ed wh et h er t h e
Bit r ex is t a st ed. If t h e t est su bject r epor t s
t a st in g t h e bit t er t a st e du r in g t h e secon d
t e n s q u e e ze s , t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t i s c o m p l e t e d .
T h e t a st e t h r esh old is n ot ed a s t wen t y r e-
g a r d l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s a c t u a l l y
com plet ed.
(9) I f t h e s e c o n d r e s p o n s e i s n e g a t i v e , t e n
m o r e s q u e e ze s a r e r e p e a t e d r a p i d l y a n d t h e
t est su bject is a ga in a sk ed wh et h er t h e
Bit r ex is t a st ed. If t h e t est su bject r epor t s
t a st in g t h e bit t er t a st e du r in g t h e t h ir d set
o f t e n s q u e e ze s , t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t i s c o m -
plet ed. T h e t a st e t h r esh old is n ot ed a s t h ir t y
r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s a c t u a l l y
com plet ed.
(10) T h e t e s t c o n d u c t o r w i l l t a k e n o t e o f
t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s r e q u i r e d t o s o l i c i t a
t a st e r espon se.
(11) I f t h e B i t r e x i s n o t t a s t e d a ft e r 30
s q u e e ze s (s t e p 10), t h e t e s t s u b j e c t i s u n a b l e
t o t a s t e B i t r e x a n d m a y n o t p e r fo r m t h e
B i t r e x fi t t e s t .
(12) I f a t a s t e r e s p o n s e i s e l i c i t e d , t h e t e s t
su bject sh a ll be a sk ed t o t a k e n ot e of t h e
t a s t e fo r r e fe r e n c e i n t h e fi t t e s t .
(13) Co r r e c t u s e o f t h e n e b u l i ze r m e a n s
t h a t a ppr oxim a t ely 1 m l of liqu id is u sed a t
a t i m e i n t h e n e b u l i ze r b o d y .
(14) T h e n e b u l i ze r s h a l l b e t h o r o u g h l y
r i n s e d i n w a t e r , s h a k e n t o d r y , a n d r e fi l l e d
a t l e a s t e a c h m o r n i n g a n d a ft e r n o o n o r a t
l e a s t e v e r y fo u r h o u r s .
(b ) B i t r e x S o l u t i o n A e r o s o l F i t T e s t P r o c e -
du r e.
(1) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t m a y n o t e a t , d r i n k (e x -
c e p t p l a i n w a t e r ), s m o k e , o r c h e w g u m fo r 15
m i n u t e s b e fo r e t h e t e s t .
(2) T h e fi t t e s t u s e s t h e s a m e e n c l o s u r e a s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h a t d e s c r i b e d i n 4. (a ) a b o v e .
435
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00445 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
(3) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l d o n t h e e n c l o s u r e
wh ile wea r in g t h e r espir a t or select ed a ccor d-
in g t o sect ion I. A. of t h is a ppen dix. T h e r es-
pir a t or sh a ll be pr oper ly a dju st ed a n d
e q u i p p e d w i t h a n y t y p e p a r t i c u l a t e fi l t e r (s ).
(4) A s e c o n d D e V i l b i s s M o d e l 40 I n h a l a t i o n
M e d i c a t i o n N e b u l i ze r o r e q u i v a l e n t i s u s e d
t o s p r a y t h e fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n i n t o t h e e n c l o -
s u r e . T h i s n e b u l i ze r s h a l l b e c l e a r l y m a r k e d
t o d i s t i n g u i s h i t fr o m t h e s c r e e n i n g t e s t s o -
l u t i o n n e b u l i ze r .
(5) T h e fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n i s p r e p a r e d b y a d d -
i n g 337.5 m g o f B i t r e x t o 200 m l o f a 5% s a l t
(N a Cl ) s o l u t i o n i n w a r m w a t e r .
(6) A s b e fo r e , t h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b r e a t h e
t h r ou gh h is or h er sligh t ly open m ou t h wit h
t on gu e ext en ded, a n d be in st r u ct ed t o r epor t
i f h e /s h e t a s t e s t h e b i t t e r t a s t e o f B i t r e x .
(7) T h e n e b u l i ze r i s i n s e r t e d i n t o t h e h o l e
i n t h e fr o n t o f t h e e n c l o s u r e a n d a n i n i t i a l
c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e fi t t e s t s o l u t i o n i s
spr a y ed in t o t h e en closu r e u sin g t h e sa m e
n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s (e i t h e r 10, 20 o r 30 s q u e e z-
e s ) b a s e d o n t h e n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s r e q u i r e d
t o elicit a t a st e r espon se a s n ot ed du r in g t h e
scr een in g t est .
(8) A ft e r g e n e r a t i n g t h e a e r o s o l , t h e t e s t
s u b j e c t s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d t o p e r fo r m t h e e x -
e r c i s e s i n s e c t i o n I . A . 14. o f t h i s a p p e n d i x .
(9) E v e r y 30 s e c o n d s t h e a e r o s o l c o n c e n t r a -
t ion sh a ll be r eplen ish ed u sin g on e h a lf t h e
n u m b e r o f s q u e e ze s u s e d i n i t i a l l y (e .g ., 5, 10
o r 15).
(10) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l i n d i c a t e t o t h e
t e s t c o n d u c t o r i f a t a n y t i m e d u r i n g t h e fi t
t est t h e t a st e of Bit r ex is det ect ed. If t h e
t est su bject does n ot r epor t t a st in g t h e
Bit r ex, t h e t est is pa ssed.
(11) I f t h e t a s t e o f B i t r e x i s d e t e c t e d , t h e
fi t i s d e e m e d u n s a t i s fa c t o r y a n d t h e t e s t i s
fa i l e d . A d i ffe r e n t r e s p i r a t o r s h a l l b e t r i e d
a n d t h e en t ir e t est pr ocedu r e is r epea t ed
(t a s t e t h r e s h o l d s c r e e n i n g a n d fi t t e s t i n g ).
5. I r r i t a n t S m o k e (S t a n n i c Ch l o r i d e )
P r ot ocol
T h i s q u a l i t a t i v e fi t t e s t u s e s a p e r s o n ’s r e -
spon se t o t h e ir r it a t in g ch em ica ls r elea sed
i n t h e ‘‘s m o k e ’’ p r o d u c e d b y a s t a n n i c c h l o -
r ide ven t ila t ion sm ok e t u be t o det ect lea k -
a ge in t o t h e r espir a t or .
(a ) G e n e r a l R e q u i r e m e n t s a n d P r e c a u t i o n s
(1) T h e r e s p i r a t o r t o b e t e s t e d s h a l l b e
e q u i p p e d w i t h h i g h e ffi c i e n c y p a r t i c u l a t e a i r
(H E P A ) o r P 100 s e r i e s fi l t e r (s ).
(2) On l y s t a n n i c c h l o r i d e s m o k e t u b e s s h a l l
b e u s e d fo r t h i s p r o t o c o l .
(3) N o fo r m o f t e s t e n c l o s u r e o r h o o d fo r
t h e t est su bject sh a ll be u sed.
(4) T h e s m o k e c a n b e i r r i t a t i n g t o t h e e y e s ,
lu n gs, a n d n a sa l pa ssa ges. T h e t est con -
d u c t o r s h a l l t a k e p r e c a u t i o n s t o m i n i m i ze
t h e t e s t s u b j e c t ’s e x p o s u r e t o i r r i t a n t s m o k e .
S en sit ivit y va r ies, a n d cer t a in in dividu a ls
m a y r espon d t o a gr ea t er degr ee t o ir r it a n t
s m o k e . Ca r e s h a l l b e t a k e n w h e n p e r fo r m i n g
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
t h e sen sit ivit y scr een in g ch eck s t h a t det er -
m in e wh et h er t h e t est su bject ca n det ect ir -
r it a n t sm ok e t o u se on ly t h e m in im u m
a m ou n t of sm ok e n ecessa r y t o elicit a r e-
s p o n s e fr o m t h e t e s t s u b j e c t .
(5) T h e fi t t e s t s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d i n a n
a r ea wit h a dequ a t e ven t ila t ion t o pr even t
e x p o s u r e o f t h e p e r s o n c o n d u c t i n g t h e fi t
t e s t o r t h e b u i l d -u p o f i r r i t a n t s m o k e i n t h e
gen er a l a t m osph er e.
(b ) S e n s i t i v i t y S c r e e n i n g Ch e c k
T h e per son t o be t est ed m u st dem on st r a t e
h is or h er a bilit y t o det ect a wea k con -
cen t r a t ion of t h e ir r it a n t sm ok e.
(1) T h e t e s t o p e r a t o r s h a l l b r e a k b o t h e n d s
of a ven t ila t ion sm ok e t u be con t a in in g
st a n n ic ch lor ide, a n d a t t a ch on e en d of t h e
s m o k e t u b e t o a l o w fl o w a i r p u m p s e t t o d e -
l i v e r 200 m i l l i l i t e r s p e r m i n u t e , o r a n a s p i -
r a t o r s q u e e ze b u l b . T h e t e s t o p e r a t o r s h a l l
cover t h e ot h er en d of t h e sm ok e t u be wit h
a sh or t piece of t u bin g t o pr even t pot en t ia l
i n j u r y fr o m t h e j a g g e d e n d o f t h e s m o k e
t u be.
(2) T h e t e s t o p e r a t o r s h a l l a d v i s e t h e t e s t
su bject t h a t t h e sm ok e ca n be ir r it a t in g t o
t h e ey es, lu n gs, a n d n a sa l pa ssa ges a n d in -
s t r u c t t h e s u b j e c t t o k e e p h i s /h e r e y e s c l o s e d
w h i l e t h e t e s t i s p e r fo r m e d .
(3) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o
sm ell a wea k con cen t r a t ion of t h e ir r it a n t
s m o k e b e fo r e t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s d o n n e d t o b e -
c o m e fa m i l i a r w i t h i t s i r r i t a t i n g p r o p e r t i e s
a n d t o d e t e r m i n e i f h e /s h e c a n d e t e c t t h e i r -
r it a t in g pr oper t ies of t h e sm ok e. T h e t est
o p e r a t o r s h a l l c a r e fu l l y d i r e c t a s m a l l
a m ou n t of t h e ir r it a n t sm ok e in t h e t est su b-
j e c t ’s d i r e c t i o n t o d e t e r m i n e t h a t h e /s h e c a n
det ect it .
(c ) I r r i t a n t S m o k e F i t T e s t P r o c e d u r e
(1) T h e p e r s o n b e i n g fi t t e s t e d s h a l l d o n t h e
r e s p i r a t o r w i t h o u t a s s i s t a n c e , a n d p e r fo r m
t h e r e q u i r e d u s e r s e a l c h e c k (s ).
(2) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d t o
k e e p h i s /h e r e y e s c l o s e d .
(3) T h e t e s t o p e r a t o r s h a l l d i r e c t t h e
s t r e a m o f i r r i t a n t s m o k e fr o m t h e s m o k e
t u b e t o w a r d t h e fa c e s e a l a r e a o f t h e t e s t s u b -
j e c t , u s i n g t h e l o w fl o w p u m p o r t h e s q u e e ze
b u l b . T h e t e s t o p e r a t o r s h a l l b e g i n a t l e a s t 12
i n c h e s fr o m t h e fa c e p i e c e a n d m o v e t h e
sm ok e st r ea m a r ou n d t h e wh ole per im et er of
t h e m a sk . T h e oper a t or sh a ll gr a du a lly m a k e
t wo m or e pa sses a r ou n d t h e per im et er of t h e
m a sk , m ovin g t o wit h in six in ch es of t h e r es-
pir a t or .
(4) I f t h e p e r s o n b e i n g t e s t e d h a s n o t h a d
a n i n v o l u n t a r y r e s p o n s e a n d /o r d e t e c t e d t h e
ir r it a n t sm ok e, pr oceed wit h t h e t est exer -
cises.
(5) T h e e x e r c i s e s i d e n t i fi e d i n s e c t i o n I .A .
14. o f t h i s a p p e n d i x s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d b y t h e
t est su bject wh ile t h e r espir a t or sea l is bein g
con t in u a lly ch a llen ged by t h e sm ok e, di-
r ect ed a r ou n d t h e per im et er of t h e r espir a t or
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a t a dist a n ce of six in ch es.
436
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00446 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(6) I f t h e p e r s o n b e i n g fi t t e s t e d r e p o r t s d e -
t ect in g t h e ir r it a n t sm ok e a t a n y t im e, t h e
t e s t i s fa i l e d . T h e p e r s o n b e i n g r e t e s t e d m u s t
r e p e a t t h e e n t i r e s e n s i t i v i t y c h e c k a n d fi t
t est pr ocedu r e.
(7) E a c h t e s t s u b j e c t p a s s i n g t h e i r r i t a n t
sm ok e t est wit h ou t eviden ce of a r espon se
(i n v o l u n t a r y c o u g h , i r r i t a t i o n ) s h a l l b e g i v e n
a secon d sen sit ivit y scr een in g ch eck , wit h
t h e s m o k e fr o m t h e s a m e s m o k e t u b e u s e d
d u r i n g t h e fi t t e s t , o n c e t h e r e s p i r a t o r h a s
b e e n r e m o v e d , t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r h e /s h e
st ill r ea ct s t o t h e sm ok e. F a ilu r e t o evok e a
r e s p o n s e s h a l l v o i d t h e fi t t e s t .
(8) I f a r e s p o n s e i s p r o d u c e d d u r i n g t h i s
s e c o n d s e n s i t i v i t y c h e c k , t h e n t h e fi t t e s t i s
pa ssed.
C. Q u a n t it a t iv e F it T est (Q N F T ) P rot ocols
T h e fo l l o w i n g q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g p r o -
cedu r es h a ve been dem on st r a t ed t o be a c-
c e p t a b l e : Qu a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g u s i n g a
n o n -h a za r d o u s t e s t a e r o s o l (s u c h a s c o r n o i l ,
p o l y e t h y l e n e g l y c o l 400 [P E G 400], d i -2-e t h y l
h e x y l s e b a c a t e [D E H S ], o r s o d i u m c h l o r i d e )
gen er a t ed in a t est ch a m ber , a n d em ploy in g
i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n t o q u a n t i fy t h e fi t o f t h e
r e s p i r a t o r ; Qu a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g u s i n g a m -
bien t a er osol a s t h e t est a gen t a n d a ppr o-
p r i a t e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n (c o n d e n s a t i o n n u c l e i
c o u n t e r ) t o q u a n t i fy t h e r e s p i r a t o r fi t ; Qu a n -
t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g u s i n g c o n t r o l l e d n e g a t i v e
pr essu r e a n d a ppr opr ia t e in st r u m en t a t ion t o
m e a s u r e t h e v o l u m e t r i c l e a k r a t e o f a fa c e -
p i e c e t o q u a n t i fy t h e r e s p i r a t o r fi t .
1. G e n e r a l
(a ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t p e r s o n s
a d m i n i s t e r i n g QN F T a r e a b l e t o c a l i b r a t e
e q u i p m e n t a n d p e r fo r m t e s t s p r o p e r l y , r e c o g -
n i ze i n v a l i d t e s t s , c a l c u l a t e fi t fa c t o r s p r o p -
er ly a n d en su r e t h a t t est equ ipm en t is in
pr oper wor k in g or der .
(b ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t QN F T
equ ipm en t is k ept clea n , a n d is m a in t a in ed
a n d c a l i b r a t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a n u fa c t u r -
e r ’s i n s t r u c t i o n s s o a s t o o p e r a t e a t t h e p a -
r a m e t e r s fo r w h i c h i t w a s d e s i g n e d .
2. G e n e r a t e d A e r o s o l Qu a n t i t a t i v e F i t
T est in g P r ot ocol
(a ) A p p a r a t u s .
(1) I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n . A e r o s o l g e n e r a t i o n ,
dilu t ion , a n d m ea su r em en t sy st em s u sin g
p a r t i c u l a t e s (c o r n o i l , p o l y e t h y l e n e g l y c o l
400 [P E G 400], d i -2-e t h y l h e x y l s e b a c a t e
[D E H S ] o r s o d i u m c h l o r i d e ) a s t e s t a e r o s o l s
s h a l l b e u s e d fo r q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g .
(2) T e s t c h a m b e r . T h e t e s t c h a m b e r s h a l l
be la r ge en ou gh t o per m it a ll t est su bject s t o
p e r fo r m fr e e l y a l l r e q u i r e d e x e r c i s e s w i t h o u t
dist u r bin g t h e t est a gen t con cen t r a t ion or
t h e m ea su r em en t a ppa r a t u s. T h e t est ch a m -
ber sh a ll be equ ipped a n d con st r u ct ed so t h a t
t h e t e s t a g e n t i s e ffe c t i v e l y i s o l a t e d fr o m
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
t h e a m b i e n t a i r , y e t u n i fo r m i n c o n c e n t r a -
t ion t h r ou gh ou t t h e ch a m ber .
(3) Wh e n t e s t i n g a i r -p u r i fy i n g r e s p i r a t o r s ,
t h e n o r m a l fi l t e r o r c a r t r i d g e e l e m e n t s h a l l
b e r e p l a c e d w i t h a h i g h e ffi c i e n c y p a r t i c u -
l a t e a i r (H E P A ) o r P 100 s e r i e s fi l t e r s u p p l i e d
b y t h e s a m e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(4) T h e s a m p l i n g i n s t r u m e n t s h a l l b e s e -
lect ed so t h a t a com pu t er r ecor d or st r ip
ch a r t r ecor d m a y be m a de of t h e t est sh ow-
i n g t h e r i s e a n d fa l l o f t h e t e s t a g e n t c o n -
cen t r a t ion wit h ea ch in spir a t ion a n d expir a -
t i o n a t fi t fa c t o r s o f a t l e a s t 2,000. I n t e g r a -
t or s or com pu t er s t h a t in t egr a t e t h e a m ou n t
of t est a gen t pen et r a t ion lea k a ge in t o t h e
r e s p i r a t o r fo r e a c h e x e r c i s e m a y b e u s e d p r o -
vided a r ecor d of t h e r ea din gs is m a de.
(5) T h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f s u b s t i t u t e a i r -p u r i -
fy i n g e l e m e n t s , t e s t a g e n t a n d t e s t a g e n t
con cen t r a t ion sh a ll be su ch t h a t t h e t est
su bject is n ot exposed in excess of a n est a b-
l i s h e d e x p o s u r e l i m i t fo r t h e t e s t a g e n t a t
a n y t im e du r in g t h e t est in g pr ocess, ba sed
u pon t h e len gt h of t h e exposu r e a n d t h e ex-
posu r e lim it du r a t ion .
(6) T h e s a m p l i n g p o r t o n t h e t e s t s p e c i m e n
r espir a t or sh a ll be pla ced a n d con st r u ct ed so
t h a t n o l e a k a g e o c c u r s a r o u n d t h e p o r t (e .g .,
w h e r e t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s p r o b e d ), a fr e e a i r
fl o w i s a l l o w e d i n t o t h e s a m p l i n g l i n e a t a l l
t i m e s , a n d t h e r e i s n o i n t e r fe r e n c e w i t h t h e
fi t o r p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r . T h e i n -
m a s k s a m p l i n g d e v i c e (p r o b e ) s h a l l b e d e -
sign ed a n d u sed so t h a t t h e a ir sa m ple is
d r a w n fr o m t h e b r e a t h i n g zo n e o f t h e t e s t
su bject , m idwa y bet ween t h e n ose a n d m ou t h
a n d w i t h t h e p r o b e e x t e n d i n g i n t o t h e fa c e -
p i e c e c a v i t y a t l e a s t 1/4 i n c h .
(7) T h e t e s t s e t u p s h a l l p e r m i t t h e p e r s o n
a dm in ist er in g t h e t est t o obser ve t h e t est
su bject in side t h e ch a m ber du r in g t h e t est .
(8) T h e e q u i p m e n t g e n e r a t i n g t h e t e s t a t -
m osph er e sh a ll m a in t a in t h e con cen t r a t ion
o f t e s t a g e n t c o n s t a n t t o w i t h i n a 10 p e r c e n t
v a r i a t i o n fo r t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e t e s t .
(9) T h e t i m e l a g (i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n a n e v e n t
a n d t h e r ecor din g of t h e even t on t h e st r ip
ch a r t or com pu t er or in t egr a t or ) sh a ll be
k ept t o a m in im u m . T h er e sh a ll be a clea r
a ssocia t ion bet ween t h e occu r r en ce of a n
even t a n d it s bein g r ecor ded.
(10) T h e s a m p l i n g l i n e t u b i n g fo r t h e t e s t
c h a m b e r a t m o s p h e r e a n d fo r t h e r e s p i r a t o r
sa m plin g por t sh a ll be of equ a l dia m et er a n d
of t h e sa m e m a t er ia l. T h e len gt h of t h e t wo
lin es sh a ll be equ a l.
(11) T h e e x h a u s t fl o w fr o m t h e t e s t c h a m -
b e r s h a l l p a s s t h r o u g h a n a p p r o p r i a t e fi l t e r
(i .e ., h i g h e ffi c i e n c y p a r t i c u l a t e fi l t e r ) b e fo r e
r elea se.
(12) Wh e n s o d i u m c h l o r i d e a e r o s o l i s u s e d ,
t h e r ela t ive h u m idit y in side t h e t est ch a m -
b e r s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 50 p e r c e n t .
(13) T h e l i m i t a t i o n s o f i n s t r u m e n t d e t e c -
t ion sh a ll be t a k en in t o a ccou n t wh en det er -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m i n i n g t h e fi t fa c t o r .
437
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00447 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
(14) T e s t r e s p i r a t o r s s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d i n
pr oper wor k in g or der a n d be in spect ed r egu -
l a r l y fo r d e fi c i e n c i e s s u c h a s c r a c k s o r m i s s -
in g va lves a n d ga sk et s.
(b ) P r o c e d u r a l R e q u i r e m e n t s .
(1) Wh e n p e r fo r m i n g t h e i n i t i a l u s e r s e a l
ch eck u sin g a posit ive or n ega t ive pr essu r e
ch eck , t h e sa m plin g lin e sh a ll be cr im ped
closed in or der t o a void a ir pr essu r e lea k a ge
du r in g eit h er of t h ese pr essu r e ch eck s.
(2) T h e u s e o f a n a b b r e v i a t e d s c r e e n i n g
QL F T t e s t i s o p t i o n a l . S u c h a t e s t m a y b e
u t i l i ze d i n o r d e r t o q u i c k l y i d e n t i fy p o o r fi t -
t in g r espir a t or s t h a t pa ssed t h e posit ive a n d/
or n ega t ive pr essu r e t est a n d r edu ce t h e
a m o u n t o f QN F T t i m e . T h e u s e o f t h e CN C
QN F T i n s t r u m e n t i n t h e c o u n t m o d e i s a n -
ot h er opt ion a l m et h od t o obt a in a qu ick est i-
m a t e o f fi t a n d e l i m i n a t e p o o r fi t t i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r s b e fo r e g o i n g o n t o p e r fo r m a fu l l
QN F T .
(3) A r e a s o n a b l y s t a b l e t e s t a g e n t c o n -
cen t r a t ion sh a ll be m ea su r ed in t h e t est
ch a m ber pr ior t o t est in g. F or ca n opy or
sh ower cu r t a in t y pes of t est u n it s, t h e det er -
m i n a t i o n o f t h e t e s t a g e n t ’s s t a b i l i t y m a y b e
e s t a b l i s h e d a ft e r t h e t e s t s u b j e c t h a s e n t e r e d
t h e t est en vir on m en t .
(4) I m m e d i a t e l y a ft e r t h e s u b j e c t e n t e r s
t h e t est ch a m ber , t h e t est a gen t con cen t r a -
t ion in side t h e r espir a t or sh a ll be m ea su r ed
t o en su r e t h a t t h e pea k pen et r a t ion does n ot
e x c e e d 5 p e r c e n t fo r a h a l f m a s k o r 1 p e r c e n t
fo r a fu l l fa c e p i e c e r e s p i r a t o r .
(5) A s t a b l e t e s t a g e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s h a l l
be obt a in ed pr ior t o t h e a ct u a l st a r t of t est -
in g.
(6) R e s p i r a t o r r e s t r a i n i n g s t r a p s s h a l l n o t
b e o v e r -t i g h t e n e d fo r t e s t i n g . T h e s t r a p s
sh a ll be a dju st ed by t h e wea r er wit h ou t a s-
s i s t a n c e fr o m o t h e r p e r s o n s t o g i v e a r e a s o n -
a b l y c o m fo r t a b l e fi t t y p i c a l o f n o r m a l u s e .
T h e r espir a t or sh a ll n ot be a dju st ed on ce t h e
fi t t e s t e x e r c i s e s b e g i n .
(7) T h e t e s t s h a l l b e t e r m i n a t e d w h e n e v e r
a n y sin gle pea k pen et r a t ion exceeds 5 per -
c e n t fo r h a l f m a s k s a n d 1 p e r c e n t fo r fu l l
fa c e p i e c e r e s p i r a t o r s . T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l
b e r e fi t t e d a n d r e t e s t e d .
(8) Ca l c u l a t i o n o f fi t fa c t o r s .
(i ) T h e fi t fa c t o r s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d fo r
t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t b y t a k i n g t h e r a t i o
of t h e a ver a ge ch a m ber con cen t r a t ion t o t h e
con cen t r a t ion m ea su r ed in side t h e r espir a t or
fo r e a c h t e s t e x e r c i s e e x c e p t t h e g r i m a c e e x -
er cise.
(i i ) T h e a v e r a g e t e s t c h a m b e r c o n c e n t r a -
t ion sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed a s t h e a r it h m et ic a v-
e r a g e o f t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n m e a s u r e d b e fo r e
a n d a ft e r e a c h t e s t (i .e ., 7 e x e r c i s e s ) o r t h e
a r it h m et ic a ver a ge of t h e con cen t r a t ion
m e a s u r e d b e fo r e a n d a ft e r e a c h e x e r c i s e o r
t h e t r u e a ver a ge m ea su r ed con t in u ou sly du r -
in g t h e r espir a t or sa m ple.
(i i i ) T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e c h a l l e n g e
a gen t in side t h e r espir a t or sh a ll be det er -
m i n e d b y o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h o d s :
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
(A ) A v e r a g e p e a k p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d
m ea n s t h e m et h od of det er m in in g t est a gen t
p e n e t r a t i o n i n t o t h e r e s p i r a t o r u t i l i zi n g a
st r ip ch a r t r ecor der , in t egr a t or , or com -
pu t er . T h e a gen t pen et r a t ion is det er m in ed
by a n a ver a ge of t h e pea k h eigh t s on t h e
g r a p h o r b y c o m p u t e r i n t e g r a t i o n , fo r e a c h
exer cise except t h e gr im a ce exer cise. In t e-
gr a t or s or com pu t er s t h a t ca lcu la t e t h e a c-
t u a l t est a gen t pen et r a t ion in t o t h e r es-
p i r a t o r fo r e a c h e x e r c i s e w i l l a l s o b e c o n s i d -
er ed t o m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h e a ver a ge
pea k pen et r a t ion m et h od.
(B ) M a x i m u m p e a k p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d
m ea n s t h e m et h od of det er m in in g t est a gen t
pen et r a t ion in t h e r espir a t or a s det er m in ed
Number of exercises
Overall Fit Factor =
1 ff1 + 1 ff2 + 1 ff3 + 1 ff4 + 1 ff5 + 1 ff7 + 1 ff8
Wh e r e ff 1, ff 2, ff 3, e t c . a r e t h e fi t fa c t o r s fo r
e x e r c i s e s 1, 2, 3, e t c .
(9) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l n o t b e p e r m i t t e d
t o w e a r a h a l f m a s k o r q u a r t e r fa c e p i e c e r e s -
p i r a t o r u n l e s s a m i n i m u m fi t fa c t o r o f 100 i s
o b t a i n e d , o r a fu l l fa c e p i e c e r e s p i r a t o r u n l e s s
a m i n i m u m fi t fa c t o r o f 500 i s o b t a i n e d .
(10) F i l t e r s u s e d fo r q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g
sh a ll be r epla ced wh en ever in cr ea sed br ea t h -
in g r esist a n ce is en cou n t er ed, or wh en t h e
t est a gen t h a s a lt er ed t h e in t egr it y of t h e
fi l t e r m e d i a .
3. Am bien t a er osol con den sa t ion n u clei
c o u n t e r (CN C) q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g p r o -
t ocol.
T h e a m bien t a er osol con den sa t ion n u clei
c o u n t e r (CN C) q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t est in g
(P o r t a c o u n t T M ) p r o t o c o l q u a n t i t a t i v e l y fi t
t est s r espir a t or s wit h t h e u se of a pr obe. T h e
p r o b e d r e s p i r a t o r i s o n l y u s e d fo r q u a n -
t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t s . A p r o b e d r e s p i r a t o r h a s a
specia l sa m plin g device, in st a lled on t h e r es-
pir a t or , t h a t a llows t h e pr obe t o sa m ple t h e
a i r fr o m i n s i d e t h e m a s k . A p r o b e d r e s -
p i r a t o r i s r e q u i r e d fo r e a c h m a k e , s t y l e ,
m o d e l , a n d s i ze t h a t t h e e m p l o y e r u s e s a n d
c a n b e o b t a i n e d fr o m t h e r e s p i r a t o r m a n u -
fa c t u r e r o r d i s t r i b u t o r . T h e CN C i n s t r u m e n t
m a n u fa c t u r e r , T S I I n c ., a l s o p r o v i d e s p r o b e
a t t a c h m e n t s (T S I s a m p l i n g a d a p t e r s ) t h a t
p e r m i t fi t t e s t i n g i n a n e m p l o y e e ’s o w n r e s -
p i r a t o r . A m i n i m u m fi t fa c t o r p a s s l e v e l o f
a t l e a s t 100 i s n e c e s s a r y fo r a h a l f-m a s k r e s -
p i r a t o r a n d a m i n i m u m fi t fa c t o r p a s s l e v e l
o f a t l e a s t 500 i s r e q u i r e d fo r a fu l l fa c e p i e c e
n ega t ive pr essu r e r espir a t or . T h e en t ir e
scr een in g a n d t est in g pr ocedu r e sh a ll be ex-
pla in ed t o t h e t est su bject pr ior t o t h e con -
du ct of t h e scr een in g t est .
(a ) P o r t a c o u n t F i t T e s t R e q u i r e m e n t s . (1)
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
Ch e c k t h e r e s p i r a t o r t o m a k e s u r e t h e s a m -
438
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00448 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
by st r ip ch a r t r ecor din gs of t h e t est . T h e
h i g h e s t p e a k p e n e t r a t i o n fo r a g i v e n e x e r c i s e
is t a k en t o be r epr esen t a t ive of a ver a ge pen -
e t r a t i o n i n t o t h e r e s p i r a t o r fo r t h a t e x e r c i s e .
(C) I n t e g r a t i o n b y c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e a r e a
u n d e r t h e i n d i v i d u a l p e a k fo r e a c h e x e r c i s e
except t h e gr im a ce exer cise. T h is in clu des
c o m p u t e r i ze d i n t e g r a t i o n .
(D ) T h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e o v e r a l l fi t fa c t o r
u s i n g i n d i v i d u a l e x e r c i s e fi t fa c t o r s i n v o l v e s
fi r s t c o n v e r t i n g t h e e x e r c i s e fi t fa c t o r s t o
pen et r a t ion va lu es, det er m in in g t h e a ver a ge,
a n d t h e n c o n v e r t i n g t h a t r e s u l t b a c k t o a fi t
fa c t o r . T h i s p r o c e d u r e i s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e fo l -
lowin g equ a t ion :
plin g pr obe a n d lin e a r e pr oper ly a t t a ch ed t o
t h e fa c e p i e c e a n d t h a t t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s fi t t e d
w i t h a p a r t i c u l a t e fi l t e r c a p a b l e o f p r e -
v e n t i n g s i g n i fi c a n t p e n e t r a t i o n b y t h e a m b i -
e n t p a r t i c l e s u s e d fo r t h e fi t t e s t (e .g .,
N I OS H 42 CF R 84 s e r i e s 100, s e r i e s 99, o r s e -
r i e s 95 p a r t i c u l a t e fi l t e r ) p e r m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s
in st r u ct ion .
(2) I n s t r u c t t h e p e r s o n t o b e t e s t e d t o d o n
t h e r e s p i r a t o r fo r fi v e m i n u t e s b e fo r e t h e fi t
t est st a r t s. T h is pu r ges t h e a m bien t pa r -
t icles t r a pped in side t h e r espir a t or a n d per -
m it s t h e wea r er t o m a k e cer t a in t h e r es-
p i r a t o r i s c o m fo r t a b l e . T h i s i n d i v i d u a l s h a l l
a lr ea dy h a ve been t r a in ed on h ow t o wea r
t h e r espir a t or pr oper ly .
(3) Ch e c k t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s fo r t h e
a d e q u a c y o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r fi t : Ch i n p r o p e r l y
pla ced; Adequ a t e st r a p t en sion , n ot over ly
t igh t en ed; F it a cr oss n ose br idge; R espir a t or
o f p r o p e r s i ze t o s p a n d i s t a n c e fr o m n o s e t o
c h i n ; T e n d e n c y o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r t o s l i p ; S e l f-
o b s e r v a t i o n i n a m i r r o r t o e v a l u a t e fi t a n d
r espir a t or posit ion .
(4) H a v e t h e p e r s o n w e a r i n g t h e r e s p i r a t o r
do a u ser sea l ch eck . If lea k a ge is det ect ed,
d e t e r m i n e t h e c a u s e . I f l e a k a g e i s fr o m a
p o o r l y fi t t i n g fa c e p i e c e , t r y a n o t h e r s i ze o f
t h e sa m e m odel r espir a t or , or a n ot h er m odel
of r espir a t or .
(5) F o l l o w t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s i n s t r u c t i o n s
fo r o p e r a t i n g t h e P o r t a c o u n t a n d p r o c e e d
wit h t h e t est .
(6) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d t o
p e r fo r m t h e e x e r c i s e s i n s e c t i o n I . A . 14. o f
t h is a ppen dix.
(7) A ft e r t h e t e s t e x e r c i s e s , t h e t e s t s u b j e c t
sh a ll be qu est ion ed by t h e t est con du ct or r e-
g a r d i n g t h e c o m fo r t o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r u p o n
com plet ion of t h e pr ot ocol. If it h a s becom e
u n a ccept a ble, a n ot h er m odel of r espir a t or
sh a ll be t r ied.
ER08JA98.006</GPH>
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(b ) P o r t a c o u n t T e s t I n s t r u m e n t .
(1) T h e P o r t a c o u n t w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y s t o p
a n d c a l c u l a t e t h e o v e r a l l fi t fa c t o r fo r t h e
e n t i r e s e t o f e x e r c i s e s . T h e o v e r a l l fi t fa c t o r
is wh a t cou n t s. T h e P a ss or F a il m essa ge
will in dica t e wh et h er or n ot t h e t est wa s
s u c c e s s fu l . I f t h e t e s t w a s a P a s s , t h e fi t t e s t
is over .
(2) S i n c e t h e p a s s o r fa i l c r i t e r i o n o f t h e
P or t a cou n t is u ser pr ogr a m m a ble, t h e t est
o p e r a t o r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t t h e p a s s o r fa i l
c r i t e r i o n m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r m i n -
i m u m r e s p i r a t o r p e r fo r m a n c e i n t h i s A p p e n -
dix.
(3) A r e c o r d o f t h e t e s t n e e d s t o b e k e p t o n
fi l e , a s s u m i n g t h e fi t t e s t w a s s u c c e s s fu l .
T h e r e c o r d m u s t c o n t a i n t h e t e s t s u b j e c t ’s
n a m e ; o v e r a l l fi t fa c t o r ; m a k e , m o d e l , s t y l e ,
a n d s i ze o f r e s p i r a t o r u s e d ; a n d d a t e t e s t e d .
4. Co n t r o l l e d n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e (CN P )
q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g p r o t o c o l .
T h e CN P p r o t o c o l p r o v i d e s a n a l t e r n a t i v e
t o a e r o s o l fi t t e s t m e t h o d s . T h e CN P fi t t e s t
m et h od t ech n ology is ba sed on exh a u st in g
a i r fr o m a t e m p o r a r i l y s e a l e d r e s p i r a t o r
fa c e p i e c e t o g e n e r a t e a n d t h e n m a i n t a i n a
c o n s t a n t n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e i n s i d e t h e fa c e -
piece. T h e r a t e of a ir exh a u st is con t r olled so
t h a t a con st a n t n ega t ive pr essu r e is m a in -
t a i n e d i n t h e r e s p i r a t o r d u r i n g t h e fi t t e s t .
T h e level of pr essu r e is select ed t o r eplica t e
t h e m ea n in spir a t or y pr essu r e t h a t ca u ses
lea k a ge in t o t h e r espir a t or u n der n or m a l u se
c o n d i t i o n s . Wi t h p r e s s u r e h e l d c o n s t a n t , a i r
fl o w o u t o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s e q u a l t o a i r fl o w
i n t o t h e r e s p i r a t o r . T h e r e fo r e , m e a s u r e m e n t
of t h e exh a u st st r ea m t h a t is r equ ir ed t o
h old t h e pr essu r e in t h e t em por a r ily sea led
r espir a t or con st a n t y ields a dir ect m ea su r e
o f l e a k a g e a i r fl o w i n t o t h e r e s p i r a t o r . T h e
CN P fi t t e s t m e t h o d m e a s u r e s l e a k r a t e s
t h r o u g h t h e fa c e p i e c e a s a m e t h o d fo r d e t e r -
m i n i n g t h e fa c e p i e c e fi t fo r n e g a t i v e p r e s -
s u r e r e s p i r a t o r s . T h e CN P i n s t r u m e n t m a n u -
fa c t u r e r Oc c u p a t i o n a l H e a l t h D y n a m i c s o f
Bir m in gh a m , Ala ba m a a lso pr ovides a t t a ch -
m e n t s (s a m p l i n g m a n i fo l d s ) t h a t r e p l a c e t h e
fi l t e r c a r t r i d g e s t o p e r m i t fi t t e s t i n g i n a n
e m p l o y e e ’s o w n r e s p i r a t o r . T o p e r fo r m t h e
t est , t h e t est su bject closes h is or h er m ou t h
a n d h o l d s h i s /h e r b r e a t h , a ft e r w h i c h a n a i r
p u m p r e m o v e s a i r fr o m t h e r e s p i r a t o r fa c e -
p i e c e a t a p r e -s e l e c t e d c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e .
T h e fa c e p i e c e fi t i s e x p r e s s e d a s t h e l e a k
r a t e t h r o u g h t h e fa c e p i e c e , e x p r e s s e d a s m i l -
lilit er s per m in u t e. T h e qu a lit y a n d va lidit y
o f t h e CN P fi t t e s t s a r e d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e
d e g r e e t o w h i c h t h e i n -m a s k p r e s s u r e t r a c k s
t h e t est pr essu r e du r in g t h e sy st em m ea su r e-
m e n t t i m e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y fi v e s e c o n d s . I n -
s t a n t a n e o u s fe e d b a c k i n t h e fo r m o f a r e a l -
t i m e p r e s s u r e t r a c e o f t h e i n -m a s k p r e s s u r e
is pr ovided a n d u sed t o det er m in e t est va lid-
i t y a n d q u a l i t y . A m i n i m u m fi t fa c t o r p a s s
l e v e l o f 100 i s n e c e s s a r y fo r a h a l f-m a s k r e s -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p i r a t o r a n d a m i n i m u m fi t fa c t o r o f a t l e a s t
439
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00449 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
500 i s r e q u i r e d fo r a fu l l fa c e p i e c e r e s p i r a t o r .
T h e en t ir e scr een in g a n d t est in g pr ocedu r e
sh a ll be expla in ed t o t h e t est su bject pr ior t o
t h e con du ct of t h e scr een in g t est .
(a ) CN P F i t T e s t R e q u i r e m e n t s .
(1) T h e i n s t r u m e n t s h a l l h a v e a n o n -a d j u s t -
a b l e t e s t p r e s s u r e o f 15.0 m m w a t e r p r e s s u r e .
(2) T h e CN P s y s t e m d e fa u l t s s e l e c t e d fo r
t e s t p r e s s u r e s h a l l b e s e t a t ¥15 m m o f w a t e r
(-0.58 i n c h e s o f w a t e r ) a n d t h e m o d e l e d i n -
s p i r a t o r y fl o w r a t e s h a l l b e 53.8 l i t e r s p e r
m i n u t e fo r p e r fo r m i n g fi t t e s t s .
N OT E : CN P s y s t e m s h a v e b u i l t -i n c a p a -
b i l i t y t o c o n d u c t fi t t e s t i n g t h a t i s s p e c i fi c
t o u n iqu e wor k r a t e, m a sk , a n d gen der sit u a -
t i o n s t h a t m i g h t a p p l y i n a s p e c i fi c w o r k -
p l a c e . U s e o f s y s t e m d e fa u l t v a l u e s , w h i c h
wer e select ed t o r epr esen t r espir a t or wea r
wit h m ediu m ca r t r idge r esist a n ce a t a low-
m o d e r a t e w o r k r a t e , w i l l a l l o w i n t e r -t e s t
c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e r e s p i r a t o r fi t .)
(3) T h e i n d i v i d u a l w h o c o n d u c t s t h e CN P
fi t t e s t i n g s h a l l b e t h o r o u g h l y t r a i n e d t o
p e r fo r m t h e t e s t .
(4) T h e r e s p i r a t o r fi l t e r o r c a r t r i d g e n e e d s
t o b e r e p l a c e d w i t h t h e CN P t e s t m a n i fo l d .
T h e i n h a l a t i o n v a l v e d o w n s t r e a m fr o m t h e
m a n i fo l d e i t h e r n e e d s t o b e t e m p o r a r i l y r e -
m oved or pr opped open .
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r m u s t t r a i n t h e t e s t s u b -
j e c t t o h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r a t l e a s t 10
secon ds.
(6) T h e t e s t s u b j e c t m u s t d o n t h e t e s t r e s -
p i r a t o r w i t h o u t a n y a s s i s t a n c e fr o m t h e t e s t
a d m i n i s t r a t o r w h o i s c o n d u c t i n g t h e CN P fi t
t est . T h e r espir a t or m u st n ot be a dju st ed
o n c e t h e fi t -t e s t e x e r c i s e s b e g i n . A n y a d j u s t -
m en t voids t h e t est , a n d t h e t est su bject
m u s t r e p e a t t h e fi t t e s t .
(7) T h e QN F T p r o t o c o l s h a l l b e fo l l o w e d a c -
c o r d i n g t o s e c t i o n I . C. 1. o f t h i s a p p e n d i x
w i t h a n e x c e p t i o n fo r t h e CN P t e s t e x e r c i s e s .
(b ) CN P T e s t E x e r c i s e s .
(1) N o r m a l b r e a t h i n g . I n a n o r m a l s t a n d i n g
posit ion , wit h ou t t a lk in g, t h e su bject sh a ll
b r e a t h e n o r m a l l y fo r 1 m i n u t e . A ft e r t h e
n or m a l br ea t h in g exer cise, t h e su bject n eeds
t o h old h ea d st r a igh t a h ea d a n d h old h is or
h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c o n d s d u r i n g t h e t e s t
m ea su r em en t .
(2) D e e p b r e a t h i n g . I n a n o r m a l s t a n d i n g
posit ion , t h e su bject sh a ll br ea t h e slowly
a n d d e e p l y fo r 1 m i n u t e , b e i n g c a r e fu l n o t t o
h y p e r v e n t i l a t e . A ft e r t h e d e e p b r e a t h i n g e x -
er cise, t h e su bject sh a ll h old h is or h er h ea d
s t r a i g h t a h e a d a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r
10 s e c o n d s d u r i n g t e s t m e a s u r e m e n t .
(3)T u r n i n g h e a d s i d e t o s i d e . S t a n d i n g i n
pla ce, t h e su bject sh a ll slowly t u r n h is or h er
h e a d fr o m s i d e t o s i d e b e t w e e n t h e e x t r e m e
p o s i t i o n s o n e a c h s i d e fo r 1 m i n u t e . T h e h e a d
sh a ll be h eld a t ea ch ext r em e m om en t a r ily
s o t h e s u b j e c t c a n i n h a l e a t e a c h s i d e . A ft e r
t h e t u r n in g h ea d side t o side exer cise, t h e
s u b j e c t n e e d s t o h o l d h e a d fu l l l e ft a n d h o l d
h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c o n d s d u r i n g t e s t
m ea su r em en t . Next , t h e su bject n eeds t o
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 § 1910.134
h o l d h e a d fu l l r i g h t a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r
b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c o n d s d u r i n g t e s t m e a s u r e -
m en t .
(4) M o v i n g h e a d u p a n d d o w n . S t a n d i n g i n
pla ce, t h e su bject sh a ll slowly m ove h is or
h e r h e a d u p a n d d o w n fo r 1 m i n u t e . T h e s u b -
ject sh a ll be in st r u ct ed t o in h a le in t h e u p
p o s i t i o n (i .e ., w h e n l o o k i n g t o w a r d t h e c e i l -
i n g ). A ft e r t h e m o v i n g h e a d u p a n d d o w n e x -
er cise, t h e su bject sh a ll h old h is or h er h ea d
fu l l u p a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c -
on ds du r in g t est m ea su r em en t . Next , t h e
s u b j e c t s h a l l h o l d h i s o r h e r h e a d fu l l d o w n
a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c o n d s d u r -
in g t est m ea su r em en t .
(5) T a l k i n g . T h e s u b j e c t s h a l l t a l k o u t l o u d
slowly a n d lou d en ou gh so a s t o be h ea r d
clea r ly by t h e t est con du ct or . T h e su bject
c a n r e a d fr o m a p r e p a r e d t e x t s u c h a s t h e
R a i n b o w P a s s a g e , c o u n t b a c k w a r d fr o m 100,
o r r e c i t e a m e m o r i ze d p o e m o r s o n g fo r 1
m i n u t e . A ft e r t h e t a l k i n g e x e r c i s e , t h e s u b -
ject sh a ll h old h is or h er h ea d st r a igh t a h ea d
a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c o n d s d u r -
in g t h e t est m ea su r em en t .
(6) G r i m a c e . T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l g r i m a c e
b y s m i l i n g o r fr o w n i n g fo r 15 s e c o n d s .
(7) B e n d i n g Ov e r . T h e t e s t s u b j e c t s h a l l
ben d a t t h e wa ist a s if h e or sh e wer e t o
t o u c h h i s o r h e r t o e s fo r 1 m i n u t e . J o g g i n g i n
p l a c e s h a l l b e s u b s t i t u t e d fo r t h i s e x e r c i s e i n
t h o s e t e s t e n v i r o n m e n t s s u c h a s s h r o u d -t y p e
QN F T u n i t s t h a t p r o h i b i t b e n d i n g a t t h e
w a i s t . A ft e r t h e b e n d i n g o v e r e x e r c i s e , t h e
su bject sh a ll h old h is or h er h ea d st r a igh t
a h e a d a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c -
on ds du r in g t h e t est m ea su r em en t .
(8) N o r m a l B r e a t h i n g . T h e t e s t s u b j e c t
s h a l l r e m o v e a n d r e -d o n t h e r e s p i r a t o r w i t h -
i n a o n e -m i n u t e p e r i o d . T h e n , i n a n o r m a l
st a n din g posit ion , wit h ou t t a lk in g, t h e su b-
j e c t s h a l l b r e a t h e n o r m a l l y fo r 1 m i n u t e .
A ft e r t h e n o r m a l b r e a t h i n g e x e r c i s e , t h e s u b -
TABLE A–1—CNP REDON QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTING PROTOCOL
Exercises1 Exercise procedure
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
ject sh a ll h old h is or h er h ea d st r a igh t a h ea d
a n d h o l d h i s o r h e r b r e a t h fo r 10 s e c o n d s d u r -
i n g t h e t e s t m e a s u r e m e n t . A ft e r t h e t e s t e x -
er cises, t h e t est su bject sh a ll be qu est ion ed
b y t h e t e s t c o n d u c t o r r e g a r d i n g t h e c o m fo r t
of t h e r espir a t or u pon com plet ion of t h e pr o-
t ocol. If it h a s becom e u n a ccept a ble, a n ot h er
m odel of a r espir a t or sh a ll be t r ied.
(c ) CN P T e s t I n s t r u m e n t .
(1) T h e t e s t i n s t r u m e n t m u s t h a v e a n e ffe c -
t i v e a u d i o -w a r n i n g d e v i c e , o r a v i s u a l -w a r n -
i n g d e v i c e i n t h e fo r m o f a s c r e e n t r a c i n g ,
t h a t i n d i c a t e s w h e n t h e t e s t s u b j e c t fa i l s t o
h old h is or h er br ea t h du r in g t h e t est . T h e
t e s t m u s t b e t e r m i n a t e d a n d r e s t a r t e d fr o m
t h e b e g i n n i n g w h e n t h e t e s t s u b j e c t fa i l s t o
h old h is or h er br ea t h du r in g t h e t est . T h e
t e s t s u b j e c t t h e n m a y b e r e fi t t e d a n d r e -
t est ed.
(2) A r e c o r d o f t h e t e s t s h a l l b e k e p t o n
fi l e , a s s u m i n g t h e fi t t e s t w a s s u c c e s s fu l .
T h e r e c o r d m u s t c o n t a i n t h e t e s t s u b j e c t ’s
n a m e ; o v e r a l l fi t fa c t o r ; m a k e , m o d e l , s t y l e
a n d s i ze o f r e s p i r a t o r u s e d ; a n d d a t e t e s t e d .
5. Co n t r o l l e d n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e (CN P )
R E D ON q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t t e s t i n g p r o t o c o l .
(a ) Wh e n a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h i s p r o t o c o l t o
t est su bject s, em ploy er s m u st com ply wit h
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (a )
a n d (c ) o f P a r t I .C.4 o f t h i s a p p e n d i x (‘‘Co n -
t r o l l e d n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e (CN P ) q u a n t i t a t i v e
fi t t e s t i n g p r o t o c o l ’’), a s w e l l a s u s e t h e t e s t
e x e r c i s e s d e s c r i b e d b e l o w i n p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f
t h is pr ot ocol in st ea d of t h e t est exer cises
s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (b ) o f P a r t I .C.4 o f t h i s
a ppen dix.
(b ) E m p l o y e r s m u s t e n s u r e t h a t e a c h t e s t
s u b j e c t b e i n g fi t t e s t e d u s i n g t h i s p r o t o c o l
fo l l o w s t h e e x e r c i s e a n d m e a s u r e m e n t p r o c e -
du r es, in clu din g t h e or der of a dm in ist r a t ion ,
d e s c r i b e d b e l o w i n T a b l e A –1 o f t h i s a p p e n -
dix.
Measurement procedure

Facing Forward ...............................
Bending Over ..................................
Head Shaking .................................
REDON 1 ........................................
REDON 2 ........................................
1 Exercises are listed in the order in which they are to be administered.
Stand and breathe normally, without talking, for 30 Face forward, while holding breath
seconds. for 10 seconds.
Bend at the waist, as if going to touch his or her Face parallel to the floor, while
toes, for 30 seconds. holding breath for 10 seconds
For about three seconds, shake head back and forth Face forward, while holding breath
vigorously several times while shouting. for 10 seconds
Remove the respirator mask, loosen all facepiece Face forward, while holding breath
straps, and then redon the respirator mask. for 10 seconds.
Remove the respirator mask, loosen all facepiece Face forward, while holding breath
straps, and then redon the respirator mask again. for 10 seconds.

(c ) A ft e r c o m p l e t i n g t h e t e s t e x e r c i s e s , t h e pea t s t h e pr ot ocol u sin g a n ot h er r espir a t or

t est a dm in ist r a t or m u st qu est ion ea ch t est
s u b j e c t r e g a r d i n g t h e c o m fo r t o f t h e r e s -
p i r a t o r . Wh e n a t e s t s u b j e c t s t a t e s t h a t t h e
r espir a t or is u n a ccept a ble, t h e em ploy er
m u st en su r e t h a t t h e t est a dm in ist r a t or r e-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m odel.
(d ) E m p l o y e r s m u s t d e t e r m i n e t h e o v e r a l l
fi t fa c t o r fo r e a c h t e s t s u b j e c t b y c a l c u l a t i n g
t h e h a r m o n i c m e a n o f t h e fi t t e s t i n g e x e r -
c i s e s a s fo l l o w s :

440

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00450 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
N of ou t wa r d lea k a ge of a ir a t t h e sea l. F or
Overall Fit Factor =
[1/FF1 + 1/FF2 + ... 1/FFN ]
Wh e r e :
N = T h e n u m ber of exer cises;
F F 1 = T h e fi t fa c t o r fo r t h e fi r s t e x e r c i s e ;
F F 2 = T h e fi t fa c t o r fo r t h e s e c o n d e x e r c i s e ;
and
F F N = T h e fi t fa c t o r fo r t h e n t h e x e r c i s e .
P A R T I I . N E W F I T T E S T P R OT OCOL S
A . A n y p e r s o n m a y s u b m i t t o OS H A a n a p -
p l i c a t i o n fo r a p p r o v a l o f a n e w fi t t e s t p r o -
t o c o l . I f t h e a p p l i c a t i o n m e e t s t h e fo l l o w i n g
c r i t e r i a , OS H A w i l l i n i t i a t e a r u l e m a k i n g
p r o c e e d i n g u n d e r s e c t i o n 6(b )(7) o f t h e OS H
Act t o det er m in e wh et h er t o list t h e n ew
pr ot ocol a s a n a ppr oved pr ot ocol in t h is Ap-
pen dix A.
B. T h e a pplica t ion m u st in clu de a det a iled
d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e p r o p o s e d n e w fi t t e s t p r o -
t ocol. T h is a pplica t ion m u st be su ppor t ed by
eit h er :
1. A t e s t r e p o r t p r e p a r e d b y a n i n d e p e n d e n t
g o v e r n m e n t r e s e a r c h l a b o r a t o r y (e .g ., L a w -
r en ce L iver m or e Na t ion a l L a bor a t or y , L os
Ala m os Na t ion a l L a bor a t or y , t h e Na t ion a l
I n s t i t u t e fo r S t a n d a r d s a n d T e c h n o l o g y )
st a t in g t h a t t h e la bor a t or y h a s t est ed t h e
p r o t o c o l a n d h a d fo u n d i t t o b e a c c u r a t e a n d
r elia ble; or
2. A n a r t i c l e t h a t h a s b e e n p u b l i s h e d i n a
p e e r -r e v i e w e d i n d u s t r i a l h y g i e n e j o u r n a l d e -
scr ibin g t h e pr ot ocol a n d expla in in g h ow t est
d a t a s u p p o r t t h e p r o t o c o l ’s a c c u r a c y a n d r e -
lia bilit y .
C. I f OS H A d e t e r m i n e s t h a t a d d i t i o n a l i n -
fo r m a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d b e fo r e t h e A g e n c y
com m en ces a r u lem a k in g pr oceedin g u n der
t h i s s e c t i o n , OS H A w i l l s o n o t i fy t h e a p p l i -
c a n t a n d a ffo r d t h e a p p l i c a n t t h e o p p o r -
t u n i t y t o s u b m i t t h e s u p p l e m e n t a l i n fo r m a -
t ion . In it ia t ion of a r u lem a k in g pr oceedin g
w i l l b e d e fe r r e d u n t i l OS H A h a s r e c e i v e d a n d
e v a l u a t e d t h e s u p p l e m e n t a l i n fo r m a t i o n .
A P P E N D I X B –1 T O § 1910.134: U S E R S E A L C H E CK
P R OCE D U R E S (M A N D A T OR Y )
T h e i n d i v i d u a l w h o u s e s a t i g h t -fi t t i n g r e s -
p i r a t o r i s t o p e r fo r m a u s e r s e a l c h e c k t o e n -
su r e t h a t a n a dequ a t e sea l is a ch ieved ea ch
t im e t h e r espir a t or is pu t on . E it h er t h e
posit ive a n d n ega t ive pr essu r e ch eck s list ed
i n t h i s a p p e n d i x , o r t h e r e s p i r a t o r m a n u fa c -
t u r e r ’s r e c o m m e n d e d u s e r s e a l c h e c k m e t h o d
sh a ll be u sed. User sea l ch eck s a r e n ot su b-
s t i t u t e s fo r q u a l i t a t i v e o r q u a n t i t a t i v e fi t
t est s.
I . F a cep iece P osit iv e a n d /or N ega t iv e P ressu re
Ch eck s
A . P osit iv e p ressu re ch eck . Cl o s e o ff t h e e x -
h a la t ion va lve a n d exh a le gen t ly in t o t h e
fa c e p i e c e . T h e fa c e fi t i s c o n s i d e r e d s a t i s fa c -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t or y if a sligh t posit ive pr essu r e ca n be bu ilt
441
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00451 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
u p i n s i d e t h e fa c e p i e c e w i t h o u t a n y e v i d e n c e
m ost r espir a t or s t h is m et h od of lea k t est in g
r e q u i r e s t h e w e a r e r t o fi r s t r e m o v e t h e e x h a -
l a t i o n v a l v e c o v e r b e fo r e c l o s i n g o ff t h e e x -
h a l a t i o n v a l v e a n d t h e n c a r e fu l l y r e p l a c i n g
i t a ft e r t h e t e s t .
B . N ega t iv e p ressu re ch eck . Cl o s e o ff t h e
i n l e t o p e n i n g o f t h e c a n i s t e r o r c a r t r i d g e (s )
b y c o v e r i n g w i t h t h e p a l m o f t h e h a n d (s ) o r
b y r e p l a c i n g t h e fi l t e r s e a l (s ), i n h a l e g e n t l y
s o t h a t t h e fa c e p i e c e c o l l a p s e s s l i g h t l y , a n d
h o l d t h e b r e a t h fo r t e n s e c o n d s . T h e d e s i g n
of t h e in let open in g of som e ca r t r idges ca n -
n o t b e e ffe c t i v e l y c o v e r e d w i t h t h e p a l m o f
t h e h a n d . T h e t e s t c a n b e p e r fo r m e d b y c o v -
er in g t h e in let open in g of t h e ca r t r idge wit h
a t h i n l a t e x o r n i t r i l e g l o v e . I f t h e fa c e p i e c e
r em a in s in it s sligh t ly colla psed con dit ion
a n d n o in wa r d lea k a ge of a ir is det ect ed, t h e
t igh t n ess of t h e r espir a t or is con sider ed sa t -
i s fa c t o r y .
I I . M a n u f a ct u rer’s R ecom m en d ed U ser S ea l
Ch eck P roced u res
The r espir a t or m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s r ec-
o m m e n d e d p r o c e d u r e s fo r p e r fo r m i n g a u s e r
sea l ch eck m a y be u sed in st ea d of t h e posi-
t i v e a n d /o r n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e c h e c k p r o c e -
du r es pr ovided t h a t t h e em ploy er dem -
o n s t r a t e s t h a t t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s p r o c e -
d u r e s a r e e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e .
A P P E N D I X B –2 T O § 1910.134: R E S P I R A T OR
C L E A N I N G P R OCE D U R E S (M A N D A T OR Y )
T h e s e p r o c e d u r e s a r e p r o v i d e d fo r e m -
ploy er u se wh en clea n in g r espir a t or s. T h ey
a r e gen er a l in n a t u r e, a n d t h e em ploy er a s
a n a lt er n a t ive m a y u se t h e clea n in g r ec-
o m m e n d a t i o n s p r o v i d e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r
of t h e r espir a t or s u sed by t h eir em ploy ees,
p r o v i d e d s u c h p r o c e d u r e s a r e a s e ffe c t i v e a s
t h o s e l i s t e d h e r e i n A p p e n d i x B –2. E q u i v a l e n t
e ffe c t i v e n e s s s i m p l y m e a n s t h a t t h e p r o c e -
du r es u sed m u st a ccom plish t h e object ives
s e t fo r t h i n A p p e n d i x B –2, i .e ., m u s t e n s u r e
t h a t t h e r espir a t or is pr oper ly clea n ed a n d
d i s i n fe c t e d i n a m a n n e r t h a t p r e v e n t s d a m -
a ge t o t h e r espir a t or a n d does n ot ca u se
h a r m t o t h e u ser .
I . P roced u res f or Clea n in g R esp ira t ors
A . R e m o v e fi l t e r s , c a r t r i d g e s , o r c a n i s t e r s .
D i s a s s e m b l e fa c e p i e c e s b y r e m o v i n g s p e a k -
i n g d i a p h r a g m s , d e m a n d a n d p r e s s u r e -d e -
m a n d va lve a ssem blies, h oses, or a n y com po-
n e n t s r e c o m m e n d e d b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r .
D i s c a r d o r r e p a i r a n y d e fe c t i v e p a r t s .
B . Wa s h c o m p o n e n t s i n w a r m (43 °C [110 °F ]
m a xim u m ) wa t er wit h a m ild det er gen t or
wit h a clea n er r ecom m en ded by t h e m a n u -
fa c t u r e r . A s t i ff b r i s t l e (n o t w i r e ) b r u s h m a y
b e u s e d t o fa c i l i t a t e t h e r e m o v a l o f d i r t .
C. R i n s e c o m p o n e n t s t h o r o u g h l y i n c l e a n ,
w a r m (43 °C [110 °F ] m a x i m u m ), p r e fe r a b l y
r u n n in g wa t er . Dr a in .
ER04AU04.001</MATH>
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
D . Wh e n t h e c l e a n e r u s e d d o e s n o t c o n t a i n
a d i s i n fe c t i n g a g e n t , r e s p i r a t o r c o m p o n e n t s
s h o u l d b e i m m e r s e d fo r t w o m i n u t e s i n o n e
o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
1. H y p o c h l o r i t e s o l u t i o n (50 p p m o f c h l o -
r in e) m a de by a ddin g a ppr oxim a t ely on e m il-
lilit er of la u n dr y blea ch t o on e lit er of wa t er
a t 43 °C (110 °F ); o r ,
2. A q u e o u s s o l u t i o n o f i o d i n e (50 p p m i o -
d i n e ) m a d e b y a d d i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0.8 m i l -
l i l i t e r s o f t i n c t u r e o f i o d i n e (6–8 g r a m s a m -
m o n i u m a n d /o r p o t a s s i u m i o d i d e /100 c c o f
45% a l c o h o l ) t o o n e l i t e r o f w a t e r a t 43 °C
(110 °F ); o r ,
3. Ot h e r c o m m e r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e c l e a n s e r s
o f e q u i v a l e n t d i s i n fe c t a n t q u a l i t y w h e n u s e d
a s dir ect ed, if t h eir u se is r ecom m en ded or
a p p r o v e d b y t h e r e s p i r a t o r m a n u fa c t u r e r .
E . R in se com pon en t s t h or ou gh ly in clea n ,
w a r m (43 °C [110 °F ] m a x i m u m ), p r e fe r a b l y
r u n n in g wa t er . Dr a in . T h e im por t a n ce of
t h o r o u g h r i n s i n g c a n n o t b e o v e r e m p h a s i ze d .
D e t e r g e n t s o r d i s i n fe c t a n t s t h a t d r y o n
fa c e p i e c e s m a y r e s u l t i n d e r m a t i t i s . I n a d d i -
t i o n , s o m e d i s i n fe c t a n t s m a y c a u s e d e t e r i o -
r a t ion of r u bber or cor r osion of m et a l pa r t s
if n ot com plet ely r em oved.
F . Co m p o n e n t s s h o u l d b e h a n d -d r i e d w i t h a
c l e a n l i n t -fr e e c l o t h o r a i r -d r i e d .
G . R e a s s e m b l e fa c e p i e c e , r e p l a c i n g fi l t e r s ,
ca r t r idges, a n d ca n ist er s wh er e n ecessa r y .
H. T est t h e r espir a t or t o en su r e t h a t a ll
com pon en t s wor k pr oper ly .
A P P E N D I X C T O § 1910.134: OS H A R E S P I R A T OR
M E D I CA L E V A L U A T I ON Q U E S T I ON N A I R E (M A N -
D A T OR Y )
T o t h e em ploy er : An swer s t o qu est ion s in
S e c t i o n 1, a n d t o q u e s t i o n 9 i n S e c t i o n 2 o f
P a r t A, do n ot r equ ir e a m edica l exa m in a -
t ion .
T o t h e em ploy ee:
Ca n y o u r e a d (c i r c l e o n e ): Y e s /N o
You r em ploy er m u st a llow y ou t o a n swer
t h is qu est ion n a ir e du r in g n or m a l wor k in g
h ou r s, or a t a t im e a n d pla ce t h a t is con ven -
i e n t t o y o u . T o m a i n t a i n y o u r c o n fi d e n -
t ia lit y , y ou r em ploy er or su per visor m u st
n ot look a t or r eview y ou r a n swer s, a n d y ou r
em ploy er m u st t ell y ou h ow t o deliver or
sen d t h is qu est ion n a ir e t o t h e h ea lt h ca r e
p r o fe s s i o n a l w h o w i l l r e v i e w i t .
P a r t A . S e c t i o n 1. (M a n d a t o r y ) T h e fo l -
l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n m u s t b e p r o v i d e d b y
ever y em ploy ee wh o h a s been select ed t o u se
a n y t y p e o f r e s p i r a t o r (p l e a s e p r i n t ).
1. T o d a y ’s d a t e : lllllllllllllll
2. Y o u r n a m e : llllllllllllllll
3. Y o u r a g e (t o n e a r e s t y e a r ): llllllll
4. S e x (c i r c l e o n e ): M a l e /F e m a l e
5. Y o u r h e i g h t : ll ft . ll i n .
6. Y o u r w e i g h t : ll l b s .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
7. Y o u r j o b t i t l e : llllllllllllll
442
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00452 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
8. A p h o n e n u m b e r w h e r e y o u c a n b e r e a c h e d
b y t h e h e a l t h c a r e p r o fe s s i o n a l w h o r e -
v i e w s t h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e (i n c l u d e t h e A r e a
Co d e ): lll
9. T h e b e s t t i m e t o p h o n e y o u a t t h i s n u m -
b e r : ll
10. H a s y o u r e m p l o y e r t o l d y o u h o w t o c o n -
t a c t t h e h e a l t h c a r e p r o fe s s i o n a l w h o w i l l
r e v i e w t h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e (c i r c l e o n e ): Y e s /
No
11. Ch e c k t h e t y p e o f r e s p i r a t o r y o u w i l l u s e
(y o u c a n c h e c k m o r e t h a n o n e c a t e g o r y ):
a . ll N , R , o r P d i s p o s a b l e r e s p i r a t o r (fi l -
t e r -m a s k , n o n -c a r t r i d g e t y p e o n l y ).
b . ll Ot h e r t y p e (fo r e x a m p l e , h a l f- o r
fu l l -fa c e p i e c e t y p e , p o w e r e d -a i r p u r i -
fy i n g , s u p p l i e d -a i r , s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h -
i n g a p p a r a t u s ).
12. H a v e y o u w o r n a r e s p i r a t o r (c i r c l e o n e ):
Y e s /N o
7 I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ w h a t t y p e (s ): llllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
P a r t A . S e c t i o n 2. (M a n d a t o r y ) Qu e s t i o n s 1
t h r ou gh 9 below m u st be a n swer ed by ever y
em ploy ee wh o h a s been select ed t o u se a n y
t y p e o f r e s p i r a t o r (p l e a s e c i r c l e ‘‘y e s ’’ o r
‘‘n o ’’).
1. D o y o u cu rren t ly s m o k e t o b a c c o , o r h a v e
y ou sm ok ed t oba cco in t h e la st m on t h :
Y e s /N o
2. H a v e y o u ev er h a d a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
con dit ion s?
a . S e i zu r e s (fi t s ): Y e s /N o
b . D i a b e t e s (s u g a r d i s e a s e ): Y e s /N o
c . A l l e r g i c r e a c t i o n s t h a t i n t e r fe r e w i t h
y o u r b r e a t h i n g : Y e s /N o
d . Cl a u s t r o p h o b i a (fe a r o f c l o s e d -i n p l a c e s ):
Y e s /N o
e . T r o u b l e s m e l l i n g o d o r s : Y e s /N o
3. H a v e y o u ev er h a d a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g p u l -
m on a r y or lu n g pr oblem s?
a . A s b e s t o s i s : Y e s /N o
b . A s t h m a : Y e s /N o
c . Ch r o n i c b r o n c h i t i s : Y e s /N o
d . E m p h y s e m a : Y e s /N o
e . P n e u m o n i a : Y e s /N o
f. T u b e r c u l o s i s : Y e s /N o
g . S i l i c o s i s : Y e s /N o
h . P n e u m o t h o r a x (c o l l a p s e d l u n g ): Y e s /N o
i . L u n g c a n c e r : Y e s /N o
j . B r o k e n r i b s : Y e s /N o
k . A n y c h e s t i n j u r i e s o r s u r g e r i e s : Y e s /N o
l . A n y o t h e r l u n g p r o b l e m t h a t y o u ’v e b e e n
t o l d a b o u t : Y e s /N o
4. D o y o u cu rren t ly h a v e a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
sy m pt om s of pu lm on a r y or lu n g illn ess?
a . S h o r t n e s s o f b r e a t h : Y e s /N o
b . S h o r t n e s s o f b r e a t h w h e n w a l k i n g fa s t
on level gr ou n d or wa lk in g u p a sligh t
h i l l o r i n c l i n e : Y e s /N o
c. S h or t n ess of br ea t h wh en wa lk in g wit h
ot h er people a t a n or din a r y pa ce on level
g r o u n d : Y e s /N o
d . H a v e t o s t o p fo r b r e a t h w h e n w a l k i n g a t
y o u r o w n p a c e o n l e v e l g r o u n d : Y e s /N o
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
e. S h or t n ess of br ea t h wh en wa sh in g or
d r e s s i n g y o u r s e l f: Y e s /N o
f. S h o r t n e s s o f b r e a t h t h a t i n t e r fe r e s w i t h
y o u r j o b : Y e s /N o
g . Co u g h i n g t h a t p r o d u c e s p h l e g m (t h i c k
s p u t u m ): Y e s /N o
h . Co u g h i n g t h a t w a k e s y o u e a r l y i n t h e
m o r n i n g : Y e s /N o
i . Co u g h i n g t h a t o c c u r s m o s t l y w h e n y o u
a r e l y i n g d o w n : Y e s /N o
j . Co u g h i n g u p b l o o d i n t h e l a s t m o n t h :
Y e s /N o
k . Wh e e zi n g : Y e s /N o
l . Wh e e zi n g t h a t i n t e r fe r e s w i t h y o u r j o b :
Y e s /N o
m . Ch e s t p a i n w h e n y o u b r e a t h e d e e p l y :
Y e s /N o
n . An y ot h er sy m pt om s t h a t y ou t h in k
m a y b e r e l a t e d t o l u n g p r o b l e m s : Y e s /N o
5. H a v e y o u ev er h a d a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c a r -
diova scu la r or h ea r t pr oblem s?
a . H e a r t a t t a c k : Y e s /N o
b . S t r o k e : Y e s /N o
c . A n g i n a : Y e s /N o
d . H e a r t fa i l u r e : Y e s /N o
e . S w e l l i n g i n y o u r l e g s o r fe e t (n o t c a u s e d
b y w a l k i n g ): Y e s /N o
f. H e a r t a r r h y t h m i a (h e a r t b e a t i n g i r r e g u -
l a r l y ): Y e s /N o
g . H i g h b l o o d p r e s s u r e : Y e s /N o
h . A n y o t h e r h e a r t p r o b l e m t h a t y o u ’v e
b e e n t o l d a b o u t : Y e s /N o
6. H a v e y o u ev er h a d a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c a r -
diova scu la r or h ea r t sy m pt om s?
a . F r equ en t pa in or t igh t n ess in y ou r
c h e s t : Y e s /N o
b. P a in or t igh t n ess in y ou r ch est du r in g
p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y : Y e s /N o
c. P a in or t igh t n ess in y ou r ch est t h a t
i n t e r fe r e s w i t h y o u r j o b : Y e s /N o
d. In t h e pa st t wo y ea r s, h a ve y ou n ot iced
y ou r h ea r t sk ippin g or m issin g a bea t :
Y e s /N o
e. Hea r t bu r n or in digest ion t h a t is n ot r e-
l a t e d t o e a t i n g : Y e s /N o
f. A n y o t h e r s y m p t o m s t h a t y o u t h i n k m a y
be r ela t ed t o h ea r t or cir cu la t ion pr ob-
l e m s : Y e s /N o
7. D o y o u cu rren t ly t a k e m e d i c a t i o n fo r a n y
o f t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o b l e m s ?
a . B r e a t h i n g o r l u n g p r o b l e m s : Y e s /N o
b . H e a r t t r o u b l e : Y e s /N o
c . B l o o d p r e s s u r e : Y e s /N o
d . S e i zu r e s (fi t s ): Y e s /N o
8. I f y o u ’v e u s e d a r e s p i r a t o r , h a v e y o u ev er
h a d a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o b l e m s ? (I f
y o u ’v e n e v e r u s e d a r e s p i r a t o r , c h e c k t h e
fo l l o w i n g s p a c e a n d g o t o q u e s t i o n 9:)
a . E y e i r r i t a t i o n : Y e s /N o
b . S k i n a l l e r g i e s o r r a s h e s : Y e s /N o
c . A n x i e t y : Y e s /N o
d . G e n e r a l w e a k n e s s o r fa t i g u e : Y e s /N o
e . A n y o t h e r p r o b l e m t h a t i n t e r fe r e s w i t h
y o u r u s e o f a r e s p i r a t o r : Y e s /N o
9. Wo u l d y o u l i k e t o t a l k t o t h e h e a l t h c a r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p r o fe s s i o n a l w h o w i l l r e v i e w t h i s q u e s -
443
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00453 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.134
t ion n a ir e a bou t y ou r a n swer s t o t h is
q u e s t i o n n a i r e : Y e s /N o
Qu e s t i o n s 10 t o 15 b e l o w m u s t b e a n s w e r e d
by ever y em ploy ee wh o h a s been select ed t o
u s e e i t h e r a fu l l -fa c e p i e c e r e s p i r a t o r o r a
s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s (S CB A ).
F or em ploy ees wh o h a ve been select ed t o u se
ot h er t y pes of r espir a t or s, a n swer in g t h ese
qu est ion s is volu n t a r y .
10. H a v e y o u ev er lost v i s i o n i n e i t h e r e y e
(t e m p o r a r i l y o r p e r m a n e n t l y ): Y e s /N o
11. D o y o u cu rren t ly h a v e a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
vision pr oblem s?
a . We a r c o n t a c t l e n s e s : Y e s /N o
b . We a r g l a s s e s : Y e s /N o
c . Co l o r b l i n d : Y e s /N o
d . A n y o t h e r e y e o r v i s i o n p r o b l e m : Y e s /N o
12. H a v e y o u ev er h a d a n i n j u r y t o y o u r e a r s ,
i n c l u d i n g a b r o k e n e a r d r u m : Y e s /N o
13. D o y o u cu rren t ly h a v e a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
h ea r in g pr oblem s?
a . D i ffi c u l t y h e a r i n g : Y e s /N o
b . We a r a h e a r i n g a i d : Y e s /N o
c. An y ot h er h ea r in g or ea r pr oblem : Yes/
No
14. H a v e y o u ev er h a d a b a c k i n j u r y : Y e s /N o
15. D o y o u cu rren t ly h a v e a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
m u scu losk elet a l pr oblem s?
a . We a k n e s s i n a n y o f y o u r a r m s , h a n d s ,
l e g s , o r fe e t : Y e s /N o
b . B a c k p a i n : Y e s /N o
c . D i ffi c u l t y fu l l y m o v i n g y o u r a r m s a n d
l e g s : Y e s /N o
d . P a i n o r s t i ffn e s s w h e n y o u l e a n fo r w a r d
o r b a c k w a r d a t t h e w a i s t : Y e s /N o
e . D i ffi c u l t y fu l l y m o v i n g y o u r h e a d u p o r
d o w n : Y e s /N o
f. D i ffi c u l t y fu l l y m o v i n g y o u r h e a d s i d e t o
s i d e : Y e s /N o
g . D i ffi c u l t y b e n d i n g a t y o u r k n e e s : Y e s /N o
h . D i ffi c u l t y s q u a t t i n g t o t h e g r o u n d : Y e s /
No
i . Cl i m b i n g a fl i g h t o f s t a i r s o r a l a d d e r
c a r r y i n g m o r e t h a n 25 l b s : Y e s /N o
j. An y ot h er m u scle or sk elet a l pr oblem
t h a t i n t e r fe r e s w i t h u s i n g a r e s p i r a t o r :
Y e s /N o
P a r t B A n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s ,
a n d ot h er qu est ion s n ot list ed, m a y be a dded
t o t h e qu est ion n a ir e a t t h e discr et ion of t h e
h e a l t h c a r e p r o fe s s i o n a l w h o w i l l r e v i e w t h e
qu est ion n a ir e.
1. I n y o u r p r e s e n t j o b , a r e y o u w o r k i n g a t
h i g h a l t i t u d e s (o v e r 5,000 fe e t ) o r i n a
pla ce t h a t h a s lower t h a n n or m a l
a m o u n t s o f o x y g e n : Y e s /N o
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ d o y o u h a v e fe e l i n g s o f d i zzi n e s s ,
sh or t n ess of br ea t h , pou n din g in y ou r
c h e s t , o r o t h e r s y m p t o m s w h e n y o u ’r e
w o r k i n g u n d e r t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s : Y e s /N o
2. A t w o r k o r a t h o m e , h a v e y o u e v e r b e e n
e x p o s e d t o h a za r d o u s s o l v e n t s , h a za r d o u s
a i r b o r n e c h e m i c a l s (e.g., g a s e s , fu m e s , o r
d u s t ), o r h a v e y o u c o m e i n t o s k i n c o n -
t a c t w i t h h a za r d o u s c h e m i c a l s : Y e s /N o
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.134
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ n a m e t h e c h e m i c a l s i f y o u k n o w
t h e m : lllllllllllllllllll
3. H a v e y o u e v e r w o r k e d w i t h a n y o f t h e m a -
t er ia ls, or u n der a n y of t h e con dit ion s,
list ed below:
a . A s b e s t o s : Y e s /N o
b . S i l i c a (e.g., i n s a n d b l a s t i n g ): Y e s /N o
c . T u n g s t e n /c o b a l t (e.g., g r i n d i n g o r w e l d -
i n g t h i s m a t e r i a l ): Y e s /N o
d . B e r y l l i u m : Y e s /N o
e . A l u m i n u m : Y e s /N o
f. Co a l (fo r e x a m p l e , m i n i n g ): Y e s /N o
g . I r o n : Y e s /N o
h . T i n : Y e s /N o
i . D u s t y e n v i r o n m e n t s : Y e s /N o
j . A n y o t h e r h a za r d o u s e x p o s u r e s : Y e s /N o
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ d e s c r i b e t h e s e e x p o s u r e s : llll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
4. L i s t a n y s e c o n d j o b s o r s i d e b u s i n e s s e s y o u
h a ve: lllllllllllllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
5. L i s t y o u r p r e v i o u s o c c u p a t i o n s : lllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
6. L i s t y o u r c u r r e n t a n d p r e v i o u s h o b b i e s : l
llllllllllllllllllllllll
7. H a v e y o u b e e n i n t h e m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e s ?
Y e s /N o
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ w e r e y o u e x p o s e d t o b i o l o g i c a l o r
c h e m i c a l a g e n t s (e i t h e r i n t r a i n i n g o r
c o m b a t ): Y e s /N o
8. H a v e y o u e v e r w o r k e d o n a H A Z M A T
t e a m ? Y e s /N o
9. Ot h e r t h a n m e d i c a t i o n s fo r b r e a t h i n g a n d
lu n g pr oblem s, h ea r t t r ou ble, blood pr es-
s u r e , a n d s e i zu r e s m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r i n
t h is qu est ion n a ir e, a r e y ou t a k in g a n y
o t h e r m e d i c a t i o n s fo r a n y r e a s o n (i n c l u d -
i n g o v e r -t h e -c o u n t e r m e d i c a t i o n s ): Y e s /
No
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ n a m e t h e m e d i c a t i o n s i f y o u
k n o w t h e m : llllllllllllllll
10. Wi l l y o u b e u s i n g a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
i t e m s w i t h y o u r r e s p i r a t o r (s )?
a . H E P A F i l t e r s : Y e s /N o
b . Ca n i s t e r s (fo r e x a m p l e , g a s m a s k s ): Y e s /
No
c . Ca r t r i d g e s : Y e s /N o
11. H o w o ft e n a r e y o u e x p e c t e d t o u s e t h e
r e s p i r a t o r (s ) (c i r c l e ‘‘y e s ’’ o r ‘‘n o ’’ fo r a l l
a n s w e r s t h a t a p p l y t o y o u )?:
a . E s c a p e o n l y (n o r e s c u e ): Y e s /N o
b . E m e r g e n c y r e s c u e o n l y : Y e s /N o
c . L e s s t h a n 5 h o u r s p er w eek : Y e s /N o
d . L e s s t h a n 2 h o u r s p er d a y : Y e s /N o
e . 2 t o 4 h o u r s p er d a y : Y e s /N o
f. Ov e r 4 h o u r s p er d a y : Y e s /N o
12. D u r i n g t h e p e r i o d y o u a r e u s i n g t h e r e s -
p i r a t o r (s ), i s y o u r w o r k e ffo r t :
a . L igh t (l e s s t h a n 200 k c a l p e r h o u r ): Y e s /
No
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ h o w l o n g d o e s t h i s p e r i o d l a s t d u r -
in g t he a ver a ge
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s h i ft :llllllh r s .llllllm i n s .
444
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00454 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
E x a m p l e s o f a l i g h t w o r k e ffo r t a r e sit t in g
w h i l e w r i t i n g , t y p i n g , d r a ft i n g , o r p e r -
fo r m i n g l i g h t a s s e m b l y w o r k ; o r st a n d in g
w h i l e o p e r a t i n g a d r i l l p r e s s (1–3 l b s .) o r c o n -
t r ollin g m a ch in es.
b . M od era t e (200 t o 350 k c a l p e r h o u r ): Y e s /
No
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ h o w l o n g d o e s t h i s p e r i o d l a s t
du r in g t he a ver a ge
s h i ft :llllllh r s .llllllm i n s .
E x a m p l e s o f m o d e r a t e w o r k e ffo r t a r e sit -
t in g w h i l e n a i l i n g o r fi l i n g ; d riv in g a t r u c k o r
b u s i n u r b a n t r a ffi c ; st a n d in g w h i l e d r i l l i n g ,
n a i l i n g , p e r fo r m i n g a s s e m b l y w o r k , o r t r a n s -
fe r r i n g a m o d e r a t e l o a d (a b o u t 35 l b s .) a t
t r u n k l e v e l ; w a lk in g o n a l e v e l s u r fa c e a b o u t
2 m p h o r d o w n a 5-d e g r e e g r a d e a b o u t 3 m p h ;
o r p u sh in g a w h e e l b a r r o w w i t h a h e a v y l o a d
(a b o u t 100 l b s .) o n a l e v e l s u r fa c e .
c . H ea v y (a b o v e 350 k c a l p e r h o u r ): Y e s /N o
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ h o w l o n g d o e s t h i s p e r i o d l a s t
du r in g t he a ver a ge
s h i ft :llllllh r s .llllllm i n s .
E x a m p l e s o f h e a v y w o r k a r e lif t in g a h e a v y
l o a d (a b o u t 50 l b s .) fr o m t h e fl o o r t o y o u r
w a i s t o r s h o u l d e r ; w ork in g o n a l o a d i n g d o c k ;
sh ov elin g; st a n d in g w h i l e b r i c k l a y i n g o r c h i p -
p i n g c a s t i n g s ; w a lk in g u p a n 8-d e g r e e g r a d e
a b o u t 2 m p h ; clim bin g s t a i r s w i t h a h e a v y
l o a d (a b o u t 50 l b s .).
13. Wi l l y o u b e w e a r i n g p r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g
a n d /o r e q u i p m e n t (o t h e r t h a n t h e r e s -
p i r a t o r ) w h e n y o u ’r e u s i n g y o u r r e s -
p i r a t o r : Y e s /N o
I f ‘‘y e s ,’’ d e s c r i b e t h i s p r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g
a n d /o r e q u i p m e n t : lllllllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
14. Wi l l y o u b e w o r k i n g u n d e r h o t c o n d i t i o n s
(t e m p e r a t u r e e x c e e d i n g 77 °F ): Y e s /N o
15. Wi l l y o u b e w o r k i n g u n d e r h u m i d c o n d i -
t i o n s : Y e s /N o
16. D e s c r i b e t h e w o r k y o u ’l l b e d o i n g w h i l e
y o u ’r e u s i n g y o u r r e s p i r a t o r (s ):
llllllllllllllllllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
17. D e s c r i b e a n y s p e c i a l o r h a za r d o u s c o n d i -
t i o n s y o u m i g h t e n c o u n t e r w h e n y o u ’r e
u s i n g y o u r r e s p i r a t o r (s ) (fo r e x a m p l e ,
c o n fi n e d s p a c e s , l i fe -t h r e a t e n i n g g a s e s ):
llllllllllllllllllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
18. P r o v i d e t h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r m a t i o n , i f y o u
k n o w i t , fo r e a c h t o x i c s u b s t a n c e t h a t
y o u ’l l b e e x p o s e d t o w h e n y o u ’r e u s i n g
y o u r r e s p i r a t o r (s ):
N a m e o f t h e fi r s t t o x i c s u b s t a n c e : llll
E st im a t ed m a xim u m exposu r e level per
s h i ft : lllllllllllllllllll
D u r a t i o n o f e x p o s u r e p e r s h i ft llllll
N a m e o f t h e s e c o n d t o x i c s u b s t a n c e : lll
E st im a t ed m a xim u m exposu r e level per
s h i ft : lllllllllllllllllll
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
D u r a t i o n o f e x p o s u r e p e r s h i ft : llllll
Na m e of t h e t h ir d t oxic su bst a n ce: llll
E st im a t ed m a xim u m exposu r e level per
s h i ft : lllllllllllllllllll
D u r a t i o n o f e x p o s u r e p e r s h i ft : llllll
T h e n a m e of a n y ot h er t oxic su bst a n ces
t h a t y o u ’l l b e e x p o s e d t o w h i l e u s i n g
y ou r r espir a t or :
llllllllllllllllllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
llllllllllllllllllllllll
19. Descr ibe a n y specia l r espon sibilit ies
y o u ’l l h a v e w h i l e u s i n g y o u r r e s p i r a t o r (s )
t h a t m a y a ffe c t t h e s a fe t y a n d w e l l -b e i n g
o f o t h e r s (fo r e x a m p l e , r e s c u e , s e c u r i t y ):
llllllllllllllllllllllll
A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.134 (M A N D A T OR Y ) I N F OR -
M A T I ON F OR E M P L OY E E S U S I N G R E S P I R A T OR S
W H E N N OT R E QU I R E D U N D E R T H E S T A N D -
AR D
R e s p i r a t o r s a r e a n e ffe c t i v e m e t h o d o f p r o -
t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d e s i g n a t e d h a za r d s w h e n
pr oper ly select ed a n d wor n . R espir a t or u se is
en cou r a ged, even wh en exposu r es a r e below
t h e exposu r e lim it , t o pr ovide a n a ddit ion a l
l e v e l o f c o m fo r t a n d p r o t e c t i o n fo r w o r k e r s .
However , if a r espir a t or is u sed im pr oper ly
or n ot k ept clea n , t h e r espir a t or it self ca n
b e c o m e a h a za r d t o t h e w o r k e r . S o m e t i m e s ,
wor k er s m a y wea r r espir a t or s t o a void expo-
s u r e s t o h a za r d s , e v e n i f t h e a m o u n t o f h a z-
a r dou s su bst a n ce does n ot exceed t h e lim it s
s e t b y OS H A s t a n d a r d s . I f y o u r e m p l o y e r
p r o v i d e s r e s p i r a t o r s fo r y o u r v o l u n t a r y u s e ,
or if y ou pr ovide y ou r own r espir a t or , y ou
n eed t o t a k e cer t a in pr eca u t ion s t o be su r e
t h a t t h e r espir a t or it self does n ot pr esen t a
h a za r d .
Y o u s h o u l d d o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
1. R e a d a n d h e e d a l l i n s t r u c t i o n s p r o v i d e d
b y t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r o n u s e , m a i n t e n a n c e ,
clea n in g a n d ca r e, a n d wa r n in gs r ega r din g
t h e r espir a t or s lim it a t ion s.
2. Ch o o s e r e s p i r a t o r s c e r t i fi e d fo r u s e t o
pr ot ect a ga in st t h e con t a m in a n t of con cer n .
N I OS H , t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h o f t h e U .S . D e p a r t -
m en t of Hea lt h a n d Hu m a n S er vices, cer -
t i fi e s r e s p i r a t o r s . A l a b e l o r s t a t e m e n t o f
c e r t i fi c a t i o n s h o u l d a p p e a r o n t h e r e s p i r a t o r
or r espir a t or pa ck a gin g. It will t ell y ou wh a t
t h e r e s p i r a t o r i s d e s i g n e d fo r a n d h o w m u c h
it will pr ot ect y ou .
3. D o n o t w e a r y o u r r e s p i r a t o r i n t o
a t m o s p h e r e s c o n t a i n i n g c o n t a m i n a n t s fo r
wh ich y ou r r espir a t or is n ot design ed t o pr o-
t ect a ga in st . F or exa m ple, a r espir a t or de-
s i g n e d t o fi l t e r d u s t p a r t i c l e s w i l l n o t p r o -
t ect y ou a ga in st ga ses, va por s, or ver y sm a ll
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s o l i d p a r t i c l e s o f fu m e s o r s m o k e .
445
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00455 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.136
4. K e e p t r a c k o f y o u r r e s p i r a t o r s o t h a t
y o u d o n o t m i s t a k e n l y u s e s o m e o n e e l s e ’s
r espir a t or .
[63 F R 1270, J a n . 8, 1998; 63 F R 20098, 20099,
A p r . 23, 1998, a s a m e n d e d a t 69 F R 46993, A u g .
4, 2004; 71 F R 16672, A p r . 3, 2006; 71 F R 50187,
A u g . 24, 2006]
§ 1910.135 Head protection.
(a ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (1) T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t e a c h a ffe c t e d
em ploy ee wea r s a pr ot ect ive h elm et
wh en wor k in g in a r ea s wh er e t h er e is a
p o t e n t i a l fo r i n j u r y t o t h e h e a d fr o m
fa l l i n g o b j e c t s .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t a
pr ot ect ive h elm et design ed t o r edu ce
e l e c t r i c a l s h o c k h a za r d i s w o r n b y e a c h
s u c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e w h e n n e a r e x -
posed elect r ica l con du ct or s wh ich
cou ld con t a ct t h e h ea d.
(b ) Crit eria f or p rot ect iv e h elm et s. (1)
P r o t e c t i v e h e l m e t s p u r c h a s e d a ft e r
J u l y 5, 1994 s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h A N S I
Z 89.1–1986, ‘‘A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d -
a r d fo r P e r s o n n e l P r o t e c t i o n —P r o t e c -
t i v e H e a d w e a r fo r I n d u s t r i a l Wo r k e r s -
R e q u i r e m e n t s ,’’ w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, o r
s h a l l b e d e m o n s t r a t e d t o b e e q u a l l y e f-
fe c t i v e .
(2) P r o t e c t i v e h e l m e t s p u r c h a s e d b e -
fo r e J u l y 5, 1994 s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e
A N S I s t a n d a r d ‘‘A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l
S t a n d a r d S a fe t y R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r I n -
d u s t r i a l H e a d P r o t e c t i o n ,’’ A N S I Z 89.1–
1969, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, o r s h a l l b e d e m -
on st r a t ed by t h e em ploy er t o be equ a l-
l y e ffe c t i v e .
[59 F R 16362, A p r . 6, 1994, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9238, M a r . 7, 1996; 61 F R 19548, M a y 2, 1996]
§ 1910.136 Foot protection.
(a ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h a t e a c h a ffe c t e d
e m p l o y e e u s e s p r o t e c t i v e fo o t w e a r
wh en wor k in g in a r ea s wh er e t h er e is a
d a n g e r o f fo o t i n j u r i e s d u e t o fa l l i n g o r
r ollin g object s, or object s pier cin g t h e
s o l e , a n d w h e r e s u c h e m p l o y e e ’s fe e t
a r e e x p o s e d t o e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s .
(b ) Crit eria f or p rot ect iv e f oot w ea r. (1)
P r o t e c t i v e fo o t w e a r p u r c h a s e d a ft e r
J u l y 5, 1994 s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h A N S I
Z 41–1991, ‘‘A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d
fo r P e r s o n a l P r o t e c t i o n —P r o t e c t i v e
F o o t w e a r ,’’ w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, o r
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.137
sh a ll be dem on st r a t ed by t h e em ploy er
t o b e e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e .
(2) P r o t e c t i v e fo o t w e a r p u r c h a s e d b e -
fo r e J u l y 5, 1994 s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e
A N S I s t a n d a r d ‘‘U S A S t a n d a r d fo r
M e n ’s S a fe t y -T o e F o o t w e a r ,’’ Z 41.1–
1967, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e
a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, o r s h a l l b e d e m -
on st r a t ed by t h e em ploy er t o be equ a l-
l y e ffe c t i v e .
[59 F R 16362, A p r . 6, 1994; 59 F R 33911, J u l y 1,
1994, a s a m e n d e d a t 61 F R 9238, M a r . 7, 1996;
61 F R 19548, M a y 2, 1996; 61 F R 21228, M a y 9,
1996]
§ 1910.137 Electrical protective equip-
ment.
(a ) D esign requ irem en t s. I n s u l a t i n g
bla n k et s, m a t t in g, cover s, lin e h ose,
gloves, a n d sleeves m a de of r u bber
s h a l l m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(1) M a n u f a ct u re a n d m a rk in g. (i ) B l a n -
k et s, gloves, a n d sleeves sh a ll be pr o-
du ced by a sea m less pr ocess.
(i i ) E a c h i t e m s h a l l b e c l e a r l y
m a r k e d a s fo l l o w s :
(A ) Cl a s s 0 e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
m a r k e d Cl a s s 0.
(B ) Cl a s s 1 e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
m a r k e d Cl a s s 1.
(C) Cl a s s 2 e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
m a r k e d Cl a s s 2.
(D ) Cl a s s 3 e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
m a r k e d Cl a s s 3.
(E ) Cl a s s 4 e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
m a r k e d Cl a s s 4.
(F ) N o n -o zo n e -r e s i s t a n t e q u i p m e n t
ot h er t h a n m a t t in g sh a ll be m a r k ed
T y pe I.
(G ) Ozo n e -r e s i s t a n t e q u i p m e n t o t h e r
t h a n m a t t in g sh a ll be m a r k ed T y pe II.
(H ) Ot h e r r e l e v a n t m a r k i n g s , s u c h a s
t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s i d e n t i fi c a t i o n a n d
t h e s i ze o f t h e e q u i p m e n t , m a y a l s o b e
pr ovided.
(i i i ) M a r k i n g s s h a l l b e n o n c o n d u c t i n g
a n d sh a ll be a pplied in su ch a m a n n er
a s n ot t o im pa ir t h e in su la t in g qu a li-
t ies of t h e equ ipm en t .
(i v ) M a r k i n g s o n g l o v e s s h a l l b e c o n -
fi n e d t o t h e c u ff p o r t i o n o f t h e g l o v e .
(2) E lect rica l requ irem en t s. (i ) E q u i p -
m en t sh a ll be ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g
t h e a -c p r o o f-t e s t v o l t a g e s p e c i fi e d i n
T a b l e I –2 o r t h e d -c p r o o f-t e s t v o l t a g e
s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e I –3.
(A ) T h e p r o o f t e s t s h a l l r e l i a b l y i n d i -
ca t e t h a t t h e equ ipm en t ca n wit h st a n d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e volt a ge in volved.
446
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00456 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(B ) T h e t e s t v o l t a g e s h a l l b e a p p l i e d
c o n t i n u o u s l y fo r 3 m i n u t e s fo r e q u i p -
m en t ot h er t h a n m a t t in g a n d sh a ll be
a p p l i e d c o n t i n u o u s l y fo r 1 m i n u t e fo r
m a t t in g.
(C) G l o v e s s h a l l a l s o b e c a p a b l e o f
w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e a -c p r o o f-t e s t v o l t a g e
s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e I –2 a ft e r a 16-h o u r
w a t e r s o a k . (S e e t h e n o t e fo l l o w i n g
p a r a g r a p h (a )(3)(i i )(B ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .)
(i i ) Wh e n t h e a -c p r o o f t e s t i s u s e d o n
g l o v e s , t h e 60-h e r t z p r o o f-t e s t c u r r e n t
m a y n o t e x c e e d t h e v a l u e s s p e c i fi e d i n
T a b l e I –2 a t a n y t i m e d u r i n g t h e t e s t
per iod.
(A ) I f t h e a -c p r o o f t e s t i s m a d e a t a
fr e q u e n c y o t h e r t h a n 60 h e r t z, t h e p e r -
m i s s i b l e p r o o f-t e s t c u r r e n t s h a l l b e
c o m p u t e d fr o m t h e d i r e c t r a t i o o f t h e
fr e q u e n c i e s .
(B ) F o r t h e t e s t , g l o v e s (r i g h t s i d e
o u t ) s h a l l b e fi l l e d w i t h t a p w a t e r a n d
im m er sed in wa t er t o a dept h t h a t is in
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e I –4. Wa t e r s h a l l
b e a d d e d t o o r r e m o v e d fr o m t h e g l o v e ,
a s n ecessa r y , so t h a t t h e wa t er level is
t h e sa m e in side a n d ou t side t h e glove.
(C) A ft e r t h e 16-h o u r w a t e r s o a k s p e c -
i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (a )(2)(i )(C) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n , t h e 60-h e r t z p r o o f-t e s t c u r r e n t
m a y exceed t h e va lu es given in T a ble I–
2 by n ot m or e t h a n 2 m illia m per es.
(i i i ) E q u i p m e n t t h a t h a s b e e n s u b -
ject ed t o a m in im u m br ea k down volt -
a g e t e s t m a y n o t b e u s e d fo r e l e c t r i c a l
p r o t e c t i o n . (S e e t h e n o t e fo l l o w i n g
p a r a g r a p h (a )(3)(i i )(B ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .)
(i v ) M a t e r i a l u s e d fo r T y p e I I i n s u -
la t in g equ ipm en t sh a ll be ca pa ble of
w i t h s t a n d i n g a n o zo n e t e s t , w i t h n o
v i s i b l e e ffe c t s . T h e o zo n e t e s t s h a l l r e -
lia bly in dica t e t h a t t h e m a t er ia l will
r e s i s t o zo n e e x p o s u r e i n a c t u a l u s e .
A n y v i s i b l e s i g n s o f o zo n e d e t e r i o r a t i o n
of t h e m a t er ia l, su ch a s ch eck in g,
cr a ck in g, br ea k s, or pit t in g, is evi-
d e n c e o f fa i l u r e t o m e e t t h e r e q u i r e -
m e n t s fo r o zo n e -r e s i s t a n t m a t e r i a l .
(S e e t h e n o t e fo l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h
(a )(3)(i i )(B ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .)
(3) W ork m a n sh ip a n d f in ish . (i ) E q u i p -
m e n t s h a l l b e fr e e o f h a r m fu l p h y s i c a l
ir r egu la r it ies t h a t ca n be det ect ed by
t h e t est s or in spect ion s r equ ir ed u n der
t h is sect ion .
(i i ) S u r fa c e i r r e g u l a r i t i e s t h a t m a y
be pr esen t on a ll r u bber goods beca u se
o f i m p e r fe c t i o n s o n fo r m s o r m o l d s o r
b e c a u s e o f i n h e r e n t d i ffi c u l t i e s i n t h e
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
m a n u fa c t u r i n g p r o c e s s a n d t h a t m a y
a ppea r a s in den t a t ion s, pr ot u ber a n ces,
o r i m b e d d e d fo r e i g n m a t e r i a l a r e a c -
c e p t a b l e u n d e r t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i -
t ion s:
(A ) T h e i n d e n t a t i o n o r p r o t u b e r a n c e
blen ds in t o a sm oot h slope wh en t h e
m a t er ia l is st r et ch ed.
(B ) F o r e i g n m a t e r i a l r e m a i n s i n
pla ce wh en t h e in su la t in g m a t er ia l is
fo l d e d a n d s t r e t c h e s w i t h t h e i n s u -
la t in g m a t er ia l su r r ou n din g it .
N OT E : R u b b e r i n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t m e e t -
i n g t h e fo l l o w i n g n a t i o n a l c o n s e n s u s s t a n d -
a r ds is deem ed t o be in com plia n ce wit h
p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n :
A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e -
r i a l s (A S T M ) D 120–87, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b -
ber In su la t in g Gloves.
A S T M D 178–93 (o r D 178–88) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
fo r R u b b e r I n s u l a t i n g M a t t i n g .
A S T M D 1048–93 (o r D 1048–88a ) S p e c i fi c a -
t i o n fo r R u b b e r I n s u l a t i n g B l a n k e t s .
A S T M D 1049–93 (o r D 1049–88) S p e c i fi c a t i o n
fo r R u b b e r I n s u l a t i n g Co v e r s .
A S T M D 1050–90, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b b e r
In su la t in g L in e Hose.
A S T M D 1051–87, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b b e r
In su la t in g S leeves.
T h e s e s t a n d a r d s c o n t a i n s p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r
con du ct in g t h e va r iou s t est s r equ ir ed in
p a r a g r a p h (a ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . F o r e x a m p l e ,
t h e a -c a n d d -c p r o o f t e s t s , t h e b r e a k d o w n
t est , t h e wa t er soa k pr ocedu r e, a n d t h e
o zo n e t e s t m e n t i o n e d i n t h i s p a r a g r a p h a r e
descr ibed in det a il in t h e AS T M st a n da r ds.
(b ) I n -serv ice ca re a n d u se. (1) E l e c -
t r ica l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t sh a ll be
m a i n t a i n e d i n a s a fe , r e l i a b l e c o n d i -
t ion .
(2) T h e fo l l o w i n g s p e c i fi c r e q u i r e -
m en t s a pply t o in su la t in g bla n k et s,
cover s, lin e h ose, gloves, a n d sleeves
m a de of r u bber :
(i ) M a x i m u m u s e v o l t a g e s s h a l l c o n -
fo r m t o t h o s e l i s t e d i n T a b l e I –5.
(i i ) I n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e i n -
s p e c t e d fo r d a m a g e b e fo r e e a c h d a y ’s
u s e a n d i m m e d i a t e l y fo l l o w i n g a n y i n -
ciden t t h a t ca n r ea son a bly be su s-
pect ed of h a vin g ca u sed da m a ge. In su -
la t in g gloves sh a ll be given a n a ir t est ,
a lon g wit h t h e in spect ion .
(i i i ) I n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t w i t h a n y
o f t h e fo l l o w i n g d e fe c t s m a y n o t b e
u sed:
(A ) A h o l e , t e a r , p u n c t u r e , o r c u t ;
(B ) Ozo n e c u t t i n g o r o zo n e c h e c k i n g
(t h e c u t t i n g a c t i o n p r o d u c e d b y o zo n e
on r u bber u n der m ech a n ica l st r ess in t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a s e r i e s o f i n t e r l a c i n g c r a c k s );
447
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00457 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.137
(C) A n e m b e d d e d fo r e i g n o b j e c t ;
(D ) A n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g t e x t u r e
c h a n g e s : s w e l l i n g , s o ft e n i n g , h a r d -
en in g, or becom in g st ick y or in ela st ic.
(E ) A n y o t h e r d e fe c t t h a t d a m a g e s
t h e in su la t in g pr oper t ies.
(i v ) I n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t fo u n d t o
h a v e o t h e r d e fe c t s t h a t m i g h t a ffe c t i t s
in su la t in g pr oper t ies sh a ll be r em oved
fr o m s e r v i c e a n d r e t u r n e d fo r t e s t i n g
u n der pa r a gr a ph s (b )(2)(v i i i ) and
(b )(2)(i x ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(v ) I n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
c l e a n e d a s n e e d e d t o r e m o v e fo r e i g n
su bst a n ces.
(v i ) I n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e
st or ed in su ch a loca t ion a n d in su ch a
m a n n e r a s t o p r o t e c t i t fr o m l i g h t ,
t em per a t u r e ext r em es, excessive h u -
m i d i t y , o zo n e , a n d o t h e r i n j u r i o u s s u b -
st a n ces a n d con dit ion s.
(v i i ) P r o t e c t o r g l o v e s s h a l l b e w o r n
o v e r i n s u l a t i n g g l o v e s , e x c e p t a s fo l -
lows:
(A ) P r o t e c t o r g l o v e s n e e d n o t b e u s e d
w i t h Cl a s s 0 g l o v e s , u n d e r l i m i t e d -u s e
con dit ion s, wh er e sm a ll equ ipm en t a n d
pa r t s m a n ipu la t ion n ecessit a t e u n u su -
a l l y h i g h fi n g e r d e x t e r i t y .
N OT E : E x t r a c a r e i s n e e d e d i n t h e v i s u a l e x -
a m in a t ion of t h e glove a n d in t h e a voida n ce
of h a n dlin g sh a r p object s.
(B ) A n y o t h e r c l a s s o f g l o v e m a y b e
u s e d fo r s i m i l a r w o r k w i t h o u t p r o -
t ect or gloves if t h e em ploy er ca n dem -
on st r a t e t h a t t h e possibilit y of ph y s-
ica l da m a ge t o t h e gloves is sm a ll a n d
if t h e cla ss of glove is on e cla ss h igh er
t h a n t h a t r e q u i r e d fo r t h e v o l t a g e i n -
volved. In su la t in g gloves t h a t h a ve
been u sed wit h ou t pr ot ect or gloves
m a y n ot be u sed a t a h igh er volt a ge
u n t il t h ey h a ve been t est ed u n der t h e
p r o v i s i o n s o f p a r a g r a p h s (b )(2)(v i i i ) a n d
(b )(2)(i x ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(v i i i ) E l e c t r i c a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t
sh a ll be su bject ed t o per iodic elect r ica l
t est s. T est volt a ges a n d t h e m a xim u m
in t er va ls bet ween t est s sh a ll be in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h T a b l e I –5 a n d T a b l e I –6.
(i x ) T h e t e s t m e t h o d u s e d u n d e r p a r a -
g r a p h s (b )(2)(v i i i ) a n d (b )(2)(i x ) o f t h i s
sect ion sh a ll r elia bly in dica t e wh et h er
t h e in su la t in g equ ipm en t ca n wit h -
st a n d t h e volt a ges in volved.
N OT E : S t a n d a r d e l e c t r i c a l t e s t m e t h o d s
con sider ed a s m eet in g t h is r equ ir em en t a r e
g i v e n i n t h e fo l l o w i n g n a t i o n a l c o n s e n s u s
st a n da r ds:
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.137 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y fo r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e - b y 22 i n c h e s (560 m m b y 560 m m ) fo r
r i a l s (A S T M ) D 120–87, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b - Cl a s s 1, 2, 3, a n d 4 b l a n k e t s .
ber In su la t in g Gloves.
A S T M D 1048–93, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b b e r
(D ) R u b b e r i n s u l a t i n g g l o v e s a n d
In su la t in g Bla n k et s. s l e e v e s w i t h m i n o r p h y s i c a l d e fe c t s ,
A S T M D 1049–93, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b b e r su ch a s sm a ll cu t s, t ea r s, or pu n ct u r es,
I n s u l a t i n g Co v e r s . m a y be r epa ir ed by t h e a pplica t ion of a
A S T M D 1050–90, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b b e r com pa t ible pa t ch . Also, r u bber in su -
In su la t in g L in e Hose.
la t in g gloves a n d sleeves wit h m in or
A S T M D 1051–87, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r R u b b e r
In su la t in g S leeves. s u r fa c e b l e m i s h e s m a y b e r e p a i r e d w i t h
A S T M F 478–92, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r I n -S e r v - a com pa t ible liqu id com pou n d. T h e
i c e Ca r e o f I n s u l a t i n g L i n e H o s e a n d Co v e r s . pa t ch ed a r ea sh a ll h a ve elect r ica l a n d
A S T M F 479–93, S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r I n -S e r v - ph y sica l pr oper t ies equ a l t o t h ose of
i c e Ca r e o f I n s u l a t i n g B l a n k e t s . t h e su r r ou n din g m a t er ia l. R epa ir s t o
A S T M F 496–93b S p e c i fi c a t i o n fo r I n -S e r v -
i c e Ca r e o f I n s u l a t i n g G l o v e s a n d S l e e v e s .
gloves a r e per m it t ed on ly in t h e a r ea
(x ) I n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t fa i l i n g t o b e t w e e n t h e w r i s t a n d t h e r e i n fo r c e d
pa ss in spect ion s or elect r ica l t est s m a y edge of t h e open in g.
n ot be u sed by em ploy ees, except a s (x i ) R e p a i r e d i n s u l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t
fo l l o w s : s h a l l b e r e t e s t e d b e fo r e i t m a y b e u s e d
(A ) R u b b e r i n s u l a t i n g l i n e h o s e m a y by em ploy ees.
be u sed in sh or t er len gt h s wit h t h e de- (x i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t
fe c t i v e p o r t i o n c u t o ff. equ ipm en t h a s been t est ed in a ccor d-
(B ) R u b b e r i n s u l a t i n g b l a n k e t s m a y a n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a -
be r epa ir ed u sin g a com pa t ible pa t ch gr a ph s (b )(2)(v i i i ), (b )(2)(i x ), and
t h a t r esu lt s in ph y sica l a n d elect r ica l (b )(2)(x i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h e c e r t i fi -
pr oper t ies equ a l t o t h ose of t h e bla n - c a t i o n s h a l l i d e n t i fy t h e e q u i p m e n t
k et . t h a t pa ssed t h e t est a n d t h e da t e it wa s
(C) R u b b e r i n s u l a t i n g b l a n k e t s m a y t est ed.
b e s a l v a g e d b y s e v e r i n g t h e d e fe c t i v e N OT E : M a r k i n g o f e q u i p m e n t a n d e n t e r i n g
a r e a fr o m t h e u n d a m a g e d p o r t i o n o f t h e r esu lt s of t h e t est s a n d t h e da t es of t est -
t h e bla n k et . T h e r esu lt in g u n da m a ged in g on t o logs a r e t wo a ccept a ble m ea n s of
a r e a m a y n o t b e s m a l l e r t h a n 22 i n c h e s m eet in g t h is r equ ir em en t .

TABLE I-2—A-C PROOF-TEST REQUIREMENTS

Maximum proof-test current, mA (gloves only)
Proof-test
Class of equipment voltage 267-mm 356-mm 406-mm 457-mm
rms V (10.5-in) (14-in) (16-in) (18-in)
glove glove glove glove

0 .............................................................................................. 5,000 8 12 14 16
1 .............................................................................................. 10,000 .................. 14 16 18
2 .............................................................................................. 20,000 .................. 16 18 20
3 .............................................................................................. 30,000 .................. 18 20 22
4 .............................................................................................. 40,000 .................. .................. 22 24

TABLE I-3—D-C PROOF-TEST REQUIREMENTS

Proof-test
Class of equipment voltage

0 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20,000
1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 40,000
2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 50,000
3 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 60,000
4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 70,000

N OT E : T h e d -c v o l t a g e s l i s t e d i n t h i s t a b l e
a r e n o t a p p r o p r i a t e fo r p r o o f t e s t i n g r u b b e r
in su la t in g lin e h ose or cover s. F or t h is
e q u i p m e n t , d -c p r o o f t e s t s s h a l l u s e a v o l t a g e
h igh en ou gh t o in dica t e t h a t t h e equ ipm en t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
c a n b e s a fe l y u s e d a t t h e v o l t a g e s l i s t e d i n
T a b l e I –4. S e e A S T M D 1050–90 a n d A S T M D
1049–88 fo r fu r t h e r i n fo r m a t i o n o n p r o o f t e s t s
fo r r u b b e r i n s u l a t i n g l i n e h o s e a n d c o v e r s .

448

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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor Pt. 1910, Subpt. I, App. A

TABLE I–4—GLOVE TESTS—WATER LEVEL 1,2

AC proof test DC proof test
Class of glove
mm. in. mm. in.

0 .................................................................................................................................................... 38 1.5 38 1.5

1 .................................................................................................................................................... 38 1.5 51 2.0
2 .................................................................................................................................................... 64 2.5 76 3.0
3 .................................................................................................................................................... 89 3.5 102 4.0
4 .................................................................................................................................................... 127 5.0 153 6.0
1 The water level is given as the clearance from the cuff of the glove to the water line, with a tolerance of ±13 mm. (±0.5 in.).
2 If atmospheric conditions make the specified clearances impractical, the clearances may be increased by a maximum of 25
mm. (1 in.).

TABLE I–5—RUBBER INSULATING EQUIPMENT VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS

Maximum use Retest volt- Retest volt-
Class of equipment voltage 1 a-c— age 2 a-c—rms age 2 d-c—avg
rms

0 ......................................................................................................................... 1,000 5,000 20,000

1 ......................................................................................................................... 7,500 10,000 40,000
2 ......................................................................................................................... 17,000 20,000 50,000
3 ......................................................................................................................... 26,500 30,000 60,000
4 ......................................................................................................................... 36,000 40,000 70,000
1 The maximum use voltage is the a-c voltage (rms) classification of the protective equipment that designates the maximum
nominal design voltage of the energized system that may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to the phase-to-
phase voltage on multiphase circuits. However, the phase-to-ground potential is considered to be the nominal design voltage:
(1) If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area and if the voltage exposure is limited to the phase-to-ground potential,
or
(2) If the electrical equipment and devices are insulated or isolated or both so that the multiphase exposure on a grounded
wye circuit is removed.
2 The proof-test voltage shall be applied continuously for at least 1 minute, but no more than 3 minutes.

TABLE I–6—RUBBER INSULATING EQUIPMENT TEST INTERVALS

Type of equipment When to test

Rubber insulating line hose ......................................................... Upon indication that insulating value is suspect.
Rubber insulating covers ............................................................. Upon indication that insulating value is suspect.
Rubber insulating blankets .......................................................... Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter.1
Rubber insulating gloves ............................................................. Before first issue and every 6 months thereafter.1
Rubber insulating sleeves ........................................................... Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter.1
1 If the insulating equipment has been electrically tested but not issued for service, it may not be placed into service unless it
has been electrically tested within the previous 12 months.

[59 F R 4435, J a n . 31, 1994; 59 F R 33662, J u n e 30, 1994]

§ 1910.138 Hand protection. t i o n o f u s e , a n d t h e h a za r d s a n d p o t e n -

t i a l h a za r d s i d e n t i fi e d .
(a ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. E m p l o y e r s
sh a ll select a n d r equ ir e em ploy ees t o [59 F R 16362, A p r . 6, 1994; 59 F R 33911, J u l y 1,
u se a ppr opr ia t e h a n d pr ot ect ion wh en 1994]
e m p l o y e e s ’ h a n d s a r e e x p o s e d t o h a z-
a r d s s u c h a s t h o s e fr o m s k i n a b s o r p - A P P E N D I X A T O S U B P A R T I OF P A R T
t i o n o f h a r m fu l s u b s t a n c e s ; s e v e r e c u t s 1910—R E F E R E N CE S F OR F U R T H E R I N -
or la cer a t ion s; sever e a br a sion s; pu n c- F OR M A T I ON (N ON - M A N D A T OR Y )
t u r es; ch em ica l bu r n s; t h er m a l bu r n s; T h e docu m en t s in a ppen dix A pr ovide in -
a n d h a r m fu l t e m p e r a t u r e e x t r e m e s . fo r m a t i o n w h i c h m a y b e h e l p fu l i n u n d e r -
(b ) S elect ion . E m p l o y e r s s h a l l b a s e st a n din g a n d im plem en t in g t h e st a n da r ds in
t h e select ion of t h e a ppr opr ia t e h a n d S u bpa r t I.
pr ot ect ion on a n eva lu a t ion of t h e per - 1. B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s (B L S ). ‘‘A c -
fo r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e h a n d c i d e n t s I n v o l v i n g E y e I n j u r i e s .’’ R e p o r t 597,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C.: B L S , 1980.
p r o t e c t i o n r e l a t i v e t o t h e t a s k (s ) t o b e
2. B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s (B L S ). ‘‘A c -
p e r fo r m e d , c o n d i t i o n s p r e s e n t , d u r a -
c i d e n t s I n v o l v i n g F a c e I n j u r i e s .’’ R e p o r t 604,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C.: B L S , 1980.

449

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 Pt. 1910, Subpt. I, App. B
3. B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s (B L S ). ‘‘A c -
c i d e n t s I n v o l v i n g H e a d I n j u r i e s .’’ R e p o r t 605,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C.: B L S , 1980.
4. B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s (B L S ). ‘‘A c -
c i d e n t s I n v o l v i n g F o o t I n j u r i e s .’’ R e p o r t 626,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C.: B L S , 1981.
5. N a t i o n a l S a fe t y Co u n c i l . ‘‘A c c i d e n t
F a c t s ’’, A n n u a l e d i t i o n , Ch i c a g o , I L : 1981.
6. B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s (B L S ). ‘‘Oc -
cu pa t ion a l In ju r ies a n d Illn esses in t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s b y I n d u s t r y ,’’ A n n u a l e d i t i o n ,
Wa s h i n g t o n , D .C.: B L S .
7. N a t i o n a l S o c i e t y t o P r e v e n t B l i n d n e s s .
‘‘A G u i d e fo r Co n t r o l l i n g E y e I n j u r i e s i n I n -
d u s t r y ,’’ Ch i c a g o , I l : 1982.
[59 F R 16362, A p r . 6, 1994]
AP P E NDIX B T O S UBP AR T I T O P AR T
1910—N ON - M A N D A T OR Y C OM P L I A N CE
G U I D E L I N E S F OR H A Z A R D A S S E S S -
M E N T A N D P E R S ON A L P R OT E CT I V E
E QU I P M E N T S E L E CT I ON
T h is a ppen dix is in t en ded t o pr ovide com -
p l i a n c e a s s i s t a n c e fo r e m p l o y e r s a n d e m p l o y -
e e s i n i m p l e m e n t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a h a z-
a r d a ssessm en t a n d t h e select ion of per son a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t .
1. Con t rollin g h a z a rd s. P P E d e v i c e s a l o n e
sh ou ld n ot be r elied on t o pr ovide pr ot ect ion
a g a i n s t h a za r d s , b u t s h o u l d b e u s e d i n c o n -
ju n ct ion wit h gu a r ds, en gin eer in g con t r ols,
a n d s o u n d m a n u fa c t u r i n g p r a c t i c e s .
2. A ssessm en t a n d select ion . I t i s n e c e s s a r y
t o c o n s i d e r c e r t a i n g e n e r a l g u i d e l i n e s fo r a s -
s e s s i n g t h e fo o t , h e a d , e y e a n d fa c e , a n d h a n d
h a za r d s i t u a t i o n s t h a t e x i s t i n a n o c c u p a -
t ion a l or edu ca t ion a l oper a t ion or pr ocess,
a n d t o m a t ch t h e pr ot ect ive devices t o t h e
p a r t i c u l a r h a za r d . I t s h o u l d b e t h e r e s p o n s i -
b i l i t y o f t h e s a fe t y o ffi c e r t o e x e r c i s e c o m -
m on sen se a n d a ppr opr ia t e exper t ise t o a c-
com plish t h ese t a sk s.
3. A ssessm en t gu id elin es. I n o r d e r t o a s s e s s
t h e n e e d fo r P P E t h e fo l l o w i n g s t e p s s h o u l d
be t a k en :
a . S u rv ey . Co n d u c t a w a l k -t h r o u g h s u r v e y
of t h e a r ea s in qu est ion . T h e pu r pose of t h e
s u r v e y i s t o i d e n t i fy s o u r c e s o f h a za r d s t o
wor k er s and c o -w o r k e r s . Co n s i d e r a t i o n
s h o u l d b e g i v e n t o t h e b a s i c h a za r d c a t -
egor ies:
(a ) I m p a c t
(b ) P e n e t r a t i o n
(c ) Co m p r e s s i o n (r o l l -o v e r )
(d ) Ch e m i c a l
(e ) H e a t
(f) H a r m fu l d u s t
(g ) L i g h t (o p t i c a l ) r a d i a t i o n
b . S ou rces. D u r i n g t h e w a l k -t h r o u g h s u r v e y
t h e s a fe t y o ffi c e r s h o u l d o b s e r v e : (a ) s o u r c e s
o f m o t i o n ; i .e ., m a c h i n e r y o r p r o c e s s e s w h e r e
a n y m ovem en t of t ools, m a ch in e elem en t s or
pa r t icles cou ld exist , or m ovem en t of per -
son n el t h a t cou ld r esu lt in collision wit h st a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t i o n a r y o b j e c t s ; (b ) s o u r c e s o f h i g h t e m p e r a -
450
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t u r es t h a t cou ld r esu lt in bu r n s, ey e in ju r y
o r i g n i t i o n o f p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t , e t c .; (c )
t y p e s o f c h e m i c a l e x p o s u r e s ; (d ) s o u r c e s o f
h a r m fu l d u s t ; (e ) s o u r c e s o f l i g h t r a d i a t i o n ,
i .e ., w e l d i n g , b r a zi n g , c u t t i n g , fu r n a c e s , h e a t
t r e a t i n g , h i g h i n t e n s i t y l i g h t s , e t c .; (f)
s o u r c e s o f fa l l i n g o b j e c t s o r p o t e n t i a l fo r
d r o p p i n g o b j e c t s ; (g ) s o u r c e s o f s h a r p o b j e c t s
w h i c h m i g h t p i e r c e t h e fe e t o r c u t t h e h a n d s ;
(h ) s o u r c e s o f r o l l i n g o r p i n c h i n g o b j e c t s
w h i c h c o u l d c r u s h t h e fe e t ; (i ) l a y o u t o f
w o r k p l a c e a n d l o c a t i o n o f c o -w o r k e r s ; a n d (j )
a n y e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s . I n a d d i t i o n , i n j u r y /a c -
ciden t da t a sh ou ld be r eviewed t o h elp iden -
t i fy p r o b l e m a r e a s .
c . O rga n iz e d a t a . F o l l o w i n g t h e w a l k -
t h r o u g h s u r v e y , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o o r g a n i ze
t h e d a t a a n d i n fo r m a t i o n fo r u s e i n t h e a s -
s e s s m e n t o f h a za r d s . T h e o b j e c t i v e i s t o p r e -
p a r e fo r a n a n a l y s i s o f t h e h a za r d s i n t h e e n -
vir on m en t t o en a ble pr oper select ion of pr o-
t ect ive equ ipm en t .
d . A n a ly z e d a t a . H a v i n g g a t h e r e d a n d o r g a -
n i ze d d a t a o n a w o r k p l a c e , a n e s t i m a t e o f
t h e p o t e n t i a l fo r i n j u r i e s s h o u l d b e m a d e .
E a c h o f t h e b a s i c h a za r d s (p a r a g r a p h 3.a .)
sh ou ld be r eviewed a n d a det er m in a t ion
m a de a s t o t h e t y pe, level of r isk , a n d ser i-
o u s n e s s o f p o t e n t i a l i n j u r y fr o m e a c h o f t h e
h a za r d s fo u n d i n t h e a r e a . T h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f
e x p o s u r e t o s e v e r a l h a za r d s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y
sh ou ld be con sider ed.
4. S elect ion gu id elin es. A ft e r c o m p l e t i o n o f
t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n p a r a g r a p h 3, t h e g e n e r a l
p r o c e d u r e fo r s e l e c t i o n o f p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p -
m e n t i s t o : a ) B e c o m e fa m i l i a r w i t h t h e p o -
t e n t i a l h a za r d s a n d t h e t y p e o f p r o t e c t i v e
equ ipm en t t h a t is a va ila ble, a n d wh a t it ca n
d o ; i .e ., s p l a s h p r o t e c t i o n , i m p a c t p r o t e c t i o n ,
e t c .; b ) c o m p a r e t h e h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h
t h e e n v i r o n m e n t ; i .e ., i m p a c t v e l o c i t i e s ,
m a sses, pr oject ile sh a pe, r a dia t ion in t en -
sit ies, wit h t h e ca pa bilit ies of t h e a va ila ble
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t ; c) select t h e pr ot ec-
t ive equ ipm en t wh ich en su r es a level of pr o-
t ect ion gr ea t er t h a n t h e m in im u m r equ ir ed
t o p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e h a za r d s ; a n d
d ) fi t t h e u s e r w i t h t h e p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e a n d
give in st r u ct ion s on ca r e a n d u se of t h e P P E .
It is ver y im por t a n t t h a t en d u ser s be m a de
a w a r e o f a l l w a r n i n g l a b e l s fo r a n d l i m i t a -
t ion s of t h eir P P E .
5. F it t in g t h e d ev ice. Ca r e fu l c o n s i d e r a t i o n
m u s t b e g i v e n t o c o m fo r t a n d fi t . P P E t h a t
fi t s p o o r l y w i l l n o t a ffo r d t h e n e c e s s a r y p r o -
t e c t i o n . Co n t i n u e d w e a r i n g o f t h e d e v i c e i s
m o r e l i k e l y i f i t fi t s t h e w e a r e r c o m fo r t a b l y .
P r ot ect ive devices a r e gen er a lly a va ila ble in
a v a r i e t y o f s i ze s . Ca r e s h o u l d b e t a k e n t o
e n s u r e t h a t t h e r i g h t s i ze i s s e l e c t e d .
6. D ev ices w it h a d ju st a ble f ea t u res. A d j u s t -
m en t s sh ou ld be m a de on a n in dividu a l ba sis
fo r a c o m fo r t a b l e fi t t h a t w i l l m a i n t a i n t h e
pr ot ect ive device in t h e pr oper posit ion . P a r -
t i c u l a r c a r e s h o u l d b e t a k e n i n fi t t i n g d e -
v i c e s fo r e y e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d u s t a n d
ch em ica l spla sh t o en su r e t h a t t h e devices
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
a r e s e a l e d t o t h e fa c e . I n a d d i t i o n , p r o p e r fi t -
t in g of h elm et s is im por t a n t t o en su r e t h a t
i t w i l l n o t fa l l o ff d u r i n g w o r k o p e r a t i o n s . I n
som e ca ses a ch in st r a p m a y be n ecessa r y t o
k e e p t h e h e l m e t o n a n e m p l o y e e ’s h e a d .
(Ch i n s t r a p s s h o u l d b r e a k a t a r e a s o n a b l y
l o w fo r c e , h o w e v e r , s o a s t o p r e v e n t a s t r a n -
g u l a t i o n h a za r d ). Wh e r e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s i n -
s t r u c t i o n s a r e a v a i l a b l e , t h e y s h o u l d b e fo l -
l o w e d c a r e fu l l y .
7. R ea ssessm en t of h a z a rd s. I t i s t h e r e s p o n -
s i b i l i t y o f t h e s a fe t y o ffi c e r t o r e a s s e s s t h e
w o r k p l a c e h a za r d s i t u a t i o n a s n e c e s s a r y , b y
i d e n t i fy i n g a n d e v a l u a t i n g n e w e q u i p m e n t
a n d pr ocesses, r eviewin g a cciden t r ecor ds,
a n d r eeva lu a t in g t h e su it a bilit y of pr e-
viou sly select ed P P E .
Pt. 1910, Subpt. I, App. B
8. S elect ion ch a rt gu id elin es f or ey e a n d f a ce
p rot ect ion . S o m e o c c u p a t i o n s (n o t a c o m p l e t e
l i s t ) fo r w h i c h e y e p r o t e c t i o n s h o u l d b e r o u -
t in ely con sider ed a r e: ca r pen t er s, elec-
t r icia n s, m a ch in ist s, m ech a n ics a n d r epa ir -
e r s , m i l l w r i g h t s , p l u m b e r s a n d p i p e fi t t e r s ,
sh eet m et a l wor k er s a n d t in sm it h s, a ssem -
bler s, sa n der s, gr in din g m a ch in e oper a t or s,
la t h e a n d m illin g m a ch in e oper a t or s, sa w-
y er s, welder s, la bor er s, ch em ica l pr ocess op-
er a t or s a n d h a n dler s, a n d t im ber cu t t in g a n d
l o g g i n g w o r k e r s . T h e fo l l o w i n g c h a r t p r o -
v i d e s g e n e r a l g u i d a n c e fo r t h e p r o p e r s e l e c -
t i o n o f e y e a n d fa c e p r o t e c t i o n t o p r o t e c t
a g a i n s t h a za r d s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e l i s t e d
h a za r d ‘‘s o u r c e ’’ o p e r a t i o n s .

EYE AND FACE PROTECTION SELECTION CHART

Source Assessment of Hazard Protection

IMPACT—Chipping, grinding machining, masonry Flying fragments, objects, Spectacles with side protection, goggles,
work, woodworking, sawing, drilling, chiseling, large chips, particles sand, face shields. See notes (1), (3), (5), (6),
powered fastening, riveting, and sanding. dirt, etc. (10). For severe exposure, use
faceshield.
HEAT—Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot Hot sparks ............................... Faceshields, goggles, spectacles with side
dipping, and welding. protection. For severe exposure use
faceshield. See notes (1), (2), (3).
Splash from molten metals ..... Faceshields worn over goggles. See notes
(1), (2), (3).
High temperature exposure .... Screen face shields, reflective face
shields. See notes (1), (2), (3).
CHEMICALS—Acid and chemicals handling, Splash ..................................... Goggles, eyecup and cover types. For se-
degreasing plating. vere exposure, use face shield. See
notes (3), (11).
Irritating mists .......................... Special-purpose goggles.
DUST—Woodworking, buffing, general dusty con- Nuisance dust ......................... Goggles, eyecup and cover types. See
ditions. note (8).
LIGHT and/or RADIATION—.
Welding: Electric arc Optical radiation ...................... Welding helmets or welding shields. Typ-
ical shades: 10-14. See notes (9), (12)
Welding: Gas Optical radiation ...................... Welding goggles or welding face shield.
Typical shades: gas welding 4-8, cutting
3-6, brazing 3-4. See note (9)
Cutting, Torch brazing, Torch soldering Optical radiation ...................... Spectacles or welding face-shield. Typical
shades, 1.5-3. See notes (3), (9)
Glare Poor vision .............................. Spectacles with shaded or special-purpose
lenses, as suitable. See notes (9), (10).
Notes to Eye and Face Protection Selection Chart:
(1) Care should be taken to recognize the possibility of multiple and simultaneous exposure to a variety of hazards. Adequate
protection against the highest level of each of the hazards should be provided. Protective devices do not provide unlimited pro-
tection.
(2) Operations involving heat may also involve light radiation. As required by the standard, protection from both hazards must
be provided.
(3) Faceshields should only be worn over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles).
(4) As required by the standard, filter lenses must meet the requirements for shade designations in § 1910.133(a)(5). Tinted
and shaded lenses are not filter lenses unless they are marked or identified as such.
(5) As required by the standard, persons whose vision requires the use of prescription (Rx) lenses must wear either protective
devices fitted with prescription (Rx) lenses or protective devices designed to be worn over regular prescription (Rx) eyewear.
(6) Wearers of contact lenses must also wear appropriate eye and face protection devices in a hazardous environment. It
should be recognized that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.
(7) Caution should be exercised in the use of metal frame protective devices in electrical hazard areas.
(8) Atmospheric conditions and the restricted ventilation of the protector can cause lenses to fog. Frequent cleansing may be
necessary.
(9) Welding helmets or faceshields should be used only over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles).
(10) Non-sideshield spectacles are available for frontal protection only, but are not acceptable eye protection for the sources
and operations listed for ‘‘impact.’’
(11) Ventilation should be adequate, but well protected from splash entry. Eye and face protection should be designed and
used so that it provides both adequate ventilation and protects the wearer from splash entry.
(12) Protection from light radiation is directly related to filter lens density. See note (4) . Select the darkest shade that allows
task performance.
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

451

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 Pt. 1910, Subpt. I, App. B
9. S elect ion gu id elin es f or h ea d p rot ect ion . A l l
h e a d p r o t e c t i o n (h e l m e t s ) i s d e s i g n e d t o p r o -
v i d e p r o t e c t i o n fr o m i m p a c t a n d p e n e t r a t i o n
h a za r d s c a u s e d b y fa l l i n g o b j e c t s . H e a d p r o -
t ect ion is a lso a va ila ble wh ich pr ovides pr o-
t e c t i o n fr o m e l e c t r i c s h o c k a n d b u r n . Wh e n
select in g h ea d pr ot ect ion , k n owledge of po-
t e n t i a l e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s i s i m p o r t a n t . Cl a s s
A h elm et s, in a ddit ion t o im pa ct a n d pen e-
t r a t ion r esist a n ce, pr ovide elect r ica l pr ot ec-
t i o n fr o m l o w -v o l t a g e c o n d u c t o r s (t h e y a r e
p r o o f t e s t e d t o 2,200 v o l t s ). Cl a s s B h e l m e t s ,
in a ddit ion t o im pa ct a n d pen et r a t ion r esist -
a n c e , p r o v i d e e l e c t r i c a l p r o t e c t i o n fr o m
h i g h -v o l t a g e c o n d u c t o r s (t h e y a r e p r o o f t e s t -
e d t o 20,000 v o l t s ). Cl a s s C h e l m e t s p r o v i d e
i m p a c t a n d p e n e t r a t i o n r e s i s t a n c e (t h e y a r e
u su a lly m a de of a lu m in u m wh ich con du ct s
e l e c t r i c i t y ), a n d s h o u l d n o t b e u s e d a r o u n d
e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s .
Wh e r e fa l l i n g o b j e c t h a za r d s a r e p r e s e n t ,
h elm et s m u st be wor n . S om e exa m ples in -
clu de: wor k in g below ot h er wor k er s wh o a r e
u s i n g t o o l s a n d m a t e r i a l s w h i c h c o u l d fa l l ;
wor k in g a r ou n d or u n der con vey or belt s
wh ich a r e ca r r y in g pa r t s or m a t er ia ls; wor k -
in g below m a ch in er y or pr ocesses wh ich
m i g h t c a u s e m a t e r i a l o r o b j e c t s t o fa l l ; a n d
w o r k i n g o n e x p o s e d e n e r g i ze d c o n d u c t o r s .
S o m e e x a m p l e s o f o c c u p a t i o n s fo r w h i c h
h ea d pr ot ect ion sh ou ld be r ou t in ely con sid-
er ed a r e: ca r pen t er s, elect r icia n s, lin em en ,
m ech a n ics a n d r epa ir er s, plu m ber s a n d pipe
fi t t e r s , a s s e m b l e r s , p a c k e r s , w r a p p e r s , s a w -
y e r s , w e l d e r s , l a b o r e r s , fr e i g h t h a n d l e r s , t i m -
ber cu t t in g a n d loggin g, st ock h a n dler s, a n d
wa r eh ou se la bor er s.
10. S elect ion gu id elin es f or f oot p rot ect ion .
S a fe t y s h o e s a n d b o o t s w h i c h m e e t t h e A N S I
Z 41–1991 S t a n d a r d p r o v i d e b o t h i m p a c t a n d
c o m p r e s s i o n p r o t e c t i o n . Wh e r e n e c e s s a r y ,
s a fe t y s h o e s c a n b e o b t a i n e d w h i c h p r o v i d e
pu n ct u r e pr ot ect ion . In som e wor k sit u a -
t ion s, m et a t a r sa l pr ot ect ion sh ou ld be pr o-
vided, a n d in ot h er specia l sit u a t ion s elec-
t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v e o r i n s u l a t i n g s a fe t y s h o e s
wou ld be a ppr opr ia t e.
S a fe t y s h o e s o r b o o t s w i t h i m p a c t p r o t e c -
t i o n w o u l d b e r e q u i r e d fo r c a r r y i n g o r h a n -
dlin g m a t er ia ls su ch a s pa ck a ges, object s,
pa r t s or h ea vy t ools, wh ich cou ld be dr opped;
a n d , fo r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s w h e r e o b j e c t s m i g h t
fa l l o n t o t h e fe e t . S a fe t y s h o e s o r b o o t s w i t h
c o m p r e s s i o n p r o t e c t i o n w o u l d b e r e q u i r e d fo r
w o r k a c t i v i t i e s i n v o l v i n g s k i d t r u c k s (m a n -
u a l m a t er ia l h a n dlin g ca r t s) a r ou n d bu lk
r o l l s (s u c h a s p a p e r r o l l s ) a n d a r o u n d h e a v y
pipes, a ll of wh ich cou ld pot en t ia lly r oll over
a n e m p l o y e e ’s fe e t . S a fe t y s h o e s o r b o o t s
wit h pu n ct u r e pr ot ect ion wou ld be r equ ir ed
wh er e sh a r p object s su ch a s n a ils, wir e,
t a c k s , s c r e w s , l a r g e s t a p l e s , s c r a p m e t a l e t c .,
cou ld be st epped on by em ploy ees ca u sin g a
fo o t i n j u r y .
S o m e o c c u p a t i o n s (n o t a c o m p l e t e l i s t ) fo r
w h i c h fo o t p r o t e c t i o n s h o u l d b e r o u t i n e l y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
con sider ed a r e: sh ippin g a n d r eceivin g
452
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
cler k s, st ock cler k s, ca r pen t er s, elect r icia n s,
m a ch in ist s, m ech a n ics a n d r epa ir er s, plu m b-
e r s a n d p i p e fi t t e r s , s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l w o r k -
er s, a ssem bler s, dr y wa ll in st a ller s a n d la t h -
er s, pa ck er s, wr a pper s, cr a t er s, pu n ch a n d
st a m pin g pr ess oper a t or s, sa wy er s, welder s,
l a b o r e r s , fr e i g h t h a n d l e r s , g a r d e n e r s a n d
g r o u n d s -k e e p e r s , t i m b e r c u t t i n g a n d l o g g i n g
wor k er s, st ock h a n dler s a n d wa r eh ou se la -
bor er s.
11. S elect ion gu id elin es f or h a n d p rot ect ion .
G l o v e s a r e o ft e n r e l i e d u p o n t o p r e v e n t c u t s ,
a br a sion s, bu r n s, a n d sk in con t a ct wit h
ch em ica ls t h a t a r e ca pa ble of ca u sin g loca l
o r s y s t e m i c e ffe c t s fo l l o w i n g d e r m a l e x p o -
s u r e . OS H A i s u n a w a r e o f a n y g l o v e s t h a t
p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t a ll p o t e n t i a l h a n d
h a za r d s , a n d c o m m o n l y a v a i l a b l e g l o v e m a -
t er ia ls pr ovide on ly lim it ed pr ot ect ion
a g a i n s t m a n y c h e m i c a l s . T h e r e fo r e , i t i s i m -
por t a n t t o select t h e m ost a ppr opr ia t e glove
fo r a p a r t i c u l a r a p p l i c a t i o n a n d t o d e t e r m i n e
h ow lon g it ca n be wor n , a n d wh et h er it ca n
be r eu sed.
I t i s a l s o i m p o r t a n t t o k n o w t h e p e r fo r m -
a n ce ch a r a ct er ist ics of gloves r ela t ive t o t h e
s p e c i fi c h a za r d a n t i c i p a t e d ; e .g ., c h e m i c a l
h a za r d s , c u t h a za r d s , fl a m e h a za r d s , e t c .
T h e s e p e r fo r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s h o u l d b e
a ssessed by u sin g st a n da r d t est pr ocedu r es.
B e fo r e p u r c h a s i n g g l o v e s , t h e e m p l o y e r
s h o u l d r e q u e s t d o c u m e n t a t i o n fr o m t h e m a n -
u fa c t u r e r t h a t t h e g l o v e s m e e t t h e a p p r o -
p r i a t e t e s t s t a n d a r d (s ) fo r t h e h a za r d (s ) a n -
t icipa t ed.
Ot h e r fa c t o r s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d fo r g l o v e s e -
lect ion in gen er a l in clu de:
(A ) A s l o n g a s t h e p e r fo r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r -
ist ics a r e a ccept a ble, in cer t a in cir -
c u m s t a n c e s , i t m a y b e m o r e c o s t e ffe c t i v e t o
r egu la r ly ch a n ge ch ea per gloves t h a n t o
r eu se m or e expen sive t y pes; a n d,
(B ) T h e w o r k a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e e m p l o y e e
sh ou ld be st u died t o det er m in e t h e degr ee of
d e x t e r i t y r e q u i r e d , t h e d u r a t i o n , fr e q u e n c y ,
a n d d e g r e e o f e x p o s u r e o f t h e h a za r d , a n d t h e
ph y sica l st r esses t h a t will be a pplied.
Wi t h r e s p e c t t o s e l e c t i o n o f g l o v e s fo r p r o -
t e c t i o n a g a i n s t c h e m i c a l h a za r d s :
(A ) T h e t o x i c p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e c h e m i c a l (s )
m u st be det er m in ed; in pa r t icu la r , t h e a bil-
i t y o f t h e c h e m i c a l t o c a u s e l o c a l e ffe c t s o n
t h e s k i n a n d /o r t o p a s s t h r o u g h t h e s k i n a n d
c a u s e s y s t e m i c e ffe c t s ;
(B ) G e n e r a l l y , a n y ‘‘c h e m i c a l r e s i s t a n t ’’
g l o v e c a n b e u s e d fo r d r y p o w d e r s ;
(C) F o r m i x t u r e s a n d fo r m u l a t e d p r o d u c t s
(u n l e s s s p e c i fi c t e s t d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e ), a
glove sh ou ld be select ed on t h e ba sis of t h e
ch em ica l com pon en t wit h t h e sh or t est
b r e a k t h r o u g h t i m e , s i n c e i t i s p o s s i b l e fo r
solven t s t o ca r r y a ct ive in gr edien t s t h r ou gh
poly m er ic m a t er ia ls; a n d,
(D ) E m p l o y e e s m u s t b e a b l e t o r e m o v e t h e
gloves in su ch a m a n n er a s t o pr even t sk in
con t a m in a t ion .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
12. Clea n in g a n d m a in t en a n ce. I t i s i m p o r -
t a n t t h a t a ll P P E be k ept clea n a n d pr oper ly
m a i n t a i n e d . Cl e a n i n g i s p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r -
t a n t fo r e y e a n d fa c e p r o t e c t i o n w h e r e d i r t y
o r fo g g e d l e n s e s c o u l d i m p a i r v i s i o n .
F or t h e pu r poses of com plia n ce wit h
§ 1910.132 (a ) a n d (b ), P P E s h o u l d b e i n -
spect ed, clea n ed, a n d m a in t a in ed a t r egu la r
in t er va ls so t h a t t h e P P E pr ovides t h e r eq-
u isit e pr ot ect ion .
It is a lso im por t a n t t o en su r e t h a t con -
t a m in a t ed P P E wh ich ca n n ot be decon t a m i-
n a t ed is disposed of in a m a n n er t h a t pr o-
t e c t s e m p l o y e e s fr o m e x p o s u r e t o h a za r d s .
[59 F R 16362, A p r . 6, 1994]
Subpart J—General Environmental
Controls
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c s . 4, 6, a n d 8, Oc c u p a t i o n a l
S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29 U .S .C. 653,
655, 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s Or d e r N o . 12–71
(36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R 25059), 9–83 (48 F R
35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–96 (62 F R 111), 3–
2000 (65 F R 50017), o r 5–2002 (67 F R 65008), a s
a pplica ble.
S e c t i o n s 1910.141, 1910.142, 1910.145, 1910.146,
a n d 1910.147 a l s o i s s u e d u n d e r 29 CF R p a r t
1911.
§ 1910.141 Sanitation.
(a ) Gen era l—(1) S cop e. T h i s s e c t i o n
a pplies t o per m a n en t pla ces of em ploy -
m en t .
(2) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sect ion .
N on w a t er ca rria ge t oilet f a cilit y , m e a n s
a t o i l e t fa c i l i t y n o t c o n n e c t e d t o a
sewer .
N u m ber of em p loy ees m e a n s , u n l e s s
o t h e r w i s e s p e c i fi e d , t h e m a x i m u m
n u m ber of em ploy ees pr esen t a t a n y
o n e t i m e o n a r e g u l a r s h i ft .
P erson a l serv ice room , m e a n s a r o o m
u s e d fo r a c t i v i t i e s n o t d i r e c t l y c o n -
n ect ed wit h t h e pr odu ct ion or ser vice
fu n c t i o n p e r fo r m e d b y t h e e s t a b l i s h -
m en t . S u ch a ct ivit ies in clu de, bu t a r e
n o t l i m i t e d t o , fi r s t -a i d , m e d i c a l s e r v -
ices, dr essin g, sh ower in g, t oilet u se,
wa sh in g, a n d ea t in g.
P ot a ble w a t er m e a n s w a t e r w h i c h
m eet s t h e qu a lit y st a n da r ds pr escr ibed
i n t h e U .S . P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e
D r i n k i n g Wa t e r S t a n d a r d s , p u b l i s h e d
i n 42 CF R p a r t 72, o r w a t e r w h i c h i s a p -
p r o v e d fo r d r i n k i n g p u r p o s e s b y t h e
S t a t e or loca l a u t h or it y h a vin g ju r is-
dict ion .
T oilet f a cilit y , m e a n s a fi x t u r e m a i n -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t a i n e d w i t h i n a t o i l e t r o o m fo r t h e p u r -
453
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00463 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.141
p o s e o f d e fe c a t i o n o r u r i n a t i o n , o r
bot h .
T oilet room , m e a n s a r o o m m a i n t a i n e d
wit h in or on t h e pr em ises of a n y pla ce
o f e m p l o y m e n t , c o n t a i n i n g t o i l e t fa -
c i l i t i e s fo r u s e b y e m p l o y e e s .
T ox ic m a t eria l m e a n s a m a t e r i a l i n
con cen t r a t ion or a m ou n t wh ich ex-
ceeds t h e a pplica ble lim it est a blish ed
b y a s t a n d a r d , s u c h a s §§ 1910.1000 a n d
1910.1001 o r , i n t h e a b s e n c e o f a n a p p l i -
ca ble st a n da r d, wh ich is of su ch t ox-
i c i t y s o a s t o c o n s t i t u t e a r e c o g n i ze d
h a za r d t h a t i s c a u s i n g o r i s l i k e l y t o
ca u se dea t h or ser iou s ph y sica l h a r m .
U rin a l m e a n s a t o i l e t fa c i l i t y m a i n -
t a i n e d w i t h i n a t o i l e t r o o m fo r t h e s o l e
pu r pose of u r in a t ion .
W a t er closet m e a n s a t o i l e t fa c i l i t y
m a i n t a i n e d w i t h i n a t o i l e t r o o m fo r
t h e p u r p o s e o f b o t h d e fe c a t i o n a n d u r i -
n a t i o n a n d w h i c h i s fl u s h e d w i t h w a t e r .
W et p rocess m e a n s a n y p r o c e s s o r o p -
er a t ion in a wor k r oom wh ich n or m a lly
r e s u l t s i n s u r fa c e s u p o n w h i c h e m p l o y -
ees m a y wa lk or st a n d becom in g wet .
(3) H ou sek eep in g. (i ) A l l p l a c e s o f e m -
ploy m en t sh a ll be k ept clea n t o t h e ex-
t en t t h a t t h e n a t u r e of t h e wor k a l-
lows.
(i i ) T h e fl o o r o f e v e r y w o r k r o o m s h a l l
b e m a i n t a i n e d , s o fa r a s p r a c t i c a b l e , i n
a d r y c o n d i t i o n . Wh e r e w e t p r o c e s s e s
a r e u sed, dr a in a ge sh a ll be m a in t a in ed
a n d fa l s e fl o o r s , p l a t fo r m s , m a t s , o r
ot h er dr y st a n din g pla ces sh a ll be pr o-
vided, wh er e pr a ct ica ble, or a ppr o-
p r i a t e w a t e r p r o o f fo o t g e a r s h a l l b e p r o -
vided.
(i i i ) T o fa c i l i t a t e c l e a n i n g , e v e r y
fl o o r , w o r k i n g p l a c e , a n d p a s s a g e w a y
s h a l l b e k e p t fr e e fr o m p r o t r u d i n g
n a ils, splin t er s, loose boa r ds, a n d u n -
n ecessa r y h oles a n d open in gs.
(4) W a st e d isp osa l. (i ) A n y r e c e p t a c l e
u s e d fo r p u t r e s c i b l e s o l i d o r l i q u i d
w a s t e o r r e fu s e s h a l l b e s o c o n s t r u c t e d
t h a t it does n ot lea k a n d m a y be t h or -
ou gh ly clea n ed a n d m a in t a in ed in a
sa n it a r y con dit ion . S u ch a r ecept a cle
s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h a s o l i d t i g h t -fi t -
t in g cover , u n less it ca n be m a in t a in ed
in a sa n it a r y con dit ion wit h ou t a
cover . T h is r equ ir em en t does n ot pr o-
h ibit t h e u se of r ecept a cles wh ich a r e
design ed t o per m it t h e m a in t en a n ce of
a sa n it a r y con dit ion wit h ou t r ega r d t o
t h e a fo r e m e n t i o n e d r e q u i r e m e n t s .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.141
(i i ) A l l s w e e p i n g s , s o l i d o r l i q u i d
w a s t e s , r e fu s e , a n d g a r b a g e s h a l l b e r e -
m oved in su ch a m a n n er a s t o a void
cr ea t in g a m en a ce t o h ea lt h a n d a s
o ft e n a s n e c e s s a r y o r a p p r o p r i a t e t o
m a in t a in t h e pla ce of em ploy m en t in a
sa n it a r y con dit ion .
(5) V erm in con t rol. E v e r y e n c l o s e d
wor k pla ce sh a ll be so con st r u ct ed,
e q u i p p e d , a n d m a i n t a i n e d , s o fa r a s
r ea son a bly pr a ct ica ble, a s t o pr even t
t h e en t r a n ce or h a r bor a ge of r oden t s,
in sect s, a n d ot h er ver m in . A con -
t i n u i n g a n d e ffe c t i v e e x t e r m i n a t i o n
pr ogr a m sh a ll be in st it u t ed wh er e t h eir
pr esen ce is det ect ed.
(b ) W a t er su p p ly —(1) P ot a ble w a t er. (i )
P ot a ble wa t er sh a ll be pr ovided in a ll
p l a c e s o f e m p l o y m e n t , fo r d r i n k i n g ,
wa sh in g of t h e per son , cook in g, wa sh -
i n g o f fo o d s , w a s h i n g o f c o o k i n g o r e a t -
i n g u t e n s i l s , w a s h i n g o f fo o d p r e p a r a -
t ion or pr ocessin g pr em ises, a n d per -
son a l ser vice r oom s.
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i i ) P o r t a b l e d r i n k i n g w a t e r d i s -
pen ser s sh a ll be design ed, con st r u ct ed,
a n d ser viced so t h a t sa n it a r y con di-
t ion s a r e m a in t a in ed, sh a ll be ca pa ble
of bein g closed, a n d sh a ll be equ ipped
wit h a t a p.
(i v ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(v ) Op e n c o n t a i n e r s s u c h a s b a r r e l s ,
p a i l s , o r t a n k s fo r d r i n k i n g w a t e r fr o m
wh ich t h e wa t er m u st be dipped or
p o u r e d , w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e y a r e fi t t e d
wit h a cover , a r e pr oh ibit ed.
(v i ) A c o m m o n d r i n k i n g c u p a n d
ot h er com m on u t en sils a r e pr oh ibit ed.
(2) N on p ot a ble w a t er. (i ) Ou t l e t s fo r
n o n p o t a b l e w a t e r , s u c h a s w a t e r fo r i n -
d u s t r i a l o r fi r e fi g h t i n g p u r p o s e s , s h a l l
be post ed or ot h er wise m a r k ed in a
m a n n er t h a t will in dica t e clea r ly t h a t
t h e w a t e r i s u n s a fe a n d i s n o t t o b e
u s e d fo r d r i n k i n g , w a s h i n g o f t h e p e r -
s o n , c o o k i n g , w a s h i n g o f fo o d , w a s h i n g
of cook in g or ea t in g u t en sils, wa sh in g
o f fo o d p r e p a r a t i o n o r p r o c e s s i n g p r e m -
i s e s , o r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e r o o m s , o r fo r
wa sh in g clot h es.
(i i ) Co n s t r u c t i o n o f n o n p o t a b l e w a t e r
sy st em s or sy st em s ca r r y in g a n y ot h er
n on pot a ble su bst a n ce sh a ll be su ch a s
t o p r e v e n t b a c k fl o w o r b a c k s i p h o n a g e
in t o a pot a ble wa t er sy st em .
(i i i ) N o n p o t a b l e w a t e r s h a l l n o t b e
u s e d fo r w a s h i n g a n y p o r t i o n o f t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
per son , cook in g or ea t in g u t en sils, or
454
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00464 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
clot h in g. Non pot a ble wa t er m a y be
u s e d fo r c l e a n i n g w o r k p r e m i s e s , o t h e r
t h a n fo o d p r o c e s s i n g a n d p r e p a r a t i o n
pr em ises a n d per son a l ser vice r oom s:
P rov id ed , T h a t t h i s n o n p o t a b l e w a t e r
does n ot con t a in con cen t r a t ion s of
c h e m i c a l s , fe c a l c o l i fo r m , o r o t h e r s u b -
st a n ces wh ich cou ld cr ea t e in sa n it a r y
c o n d i t i o n s o r b e h a r m fu l t o e m p l o y e e s .
(c ) T oilet f a cilit ies—(1) Gen era l. (i ) E x -
cept a s ot h er wise in dica t ed in t h is
p a r a g r a p h (c )(1)(i ), t o i l e t fa c i l i t i e s , i n
t o i l e t r o o m s s e p a r a t e fo r e a c h s e x ,
sh a ll be pr ovided in a ll pla ces of em -
p l o y m e n t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t a b l e J –1
o f t h i s s e c t i o n . T h e n u m b e r o f fa c i l i t i e s
t o b e p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h s e x s h a l l b e
ba sed on t h e n u m ber of em ploy ees of
t h a t s e x fo r w h o m t h e fa c i l i t i e s a r e fu r -
n i s h e d . Wh e r e t o i l e t r o o m s w i l l b e o c -
cu pied by n o m or e t h a n on e per son a t a
t i m e , c a n b e l o c k e d fr o m t h e i n s i d e ,
a n d con t a in a t lea st on e wa t er closet ,
s e p a r a t e t o i l e t r o o m s fo r e a c h s e x n e e d
n o t b e p r o v i d e d . Wh e r e s u c h s i n g l e -o c -
cu pa n cy r oom s h a ve m or e t h a n on e t oi-
l e t fa c i l i t y , o n l y o n e s u c h fa c i l i t y i n
e a c h t o i l e t r o o m s h a l l b e c o u n t e d fo r
t h e p u r p o s e o f t a b l e J –1.
TABLE J–1
Minimum
Number of employees number of
water clos-
ets 1
1 to 15 ................................................................. 1
16 to 35 ............................................................... 2
36 to 55 ............................................................... 3
56 to 80 ............................................................... 4
81 to 110 ............................................................. 5.
111 to 150 ........................................................... 6
Over 150 .............................................................. (2)
1 Where toilet facilities will not be used by women, urinals
may be provided instead of water closets, except that the
number of water closets in such cases shall not be reduced to
less than 2⁄3 of the minimum specified.
2 1 additional fixture for each additional 40 employees.
(i i ) T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h
(c )(1)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n d o n o t a p p l y t o
m obile cr ews or t o n or m a lly u n a t -
t en ded wor k loca t ion s so lon g a s em -
ploy ees wor k in g a t t h ese loca t ion s
h a ve t r a n spor t a t ion im m edia t ely
a v a i l a b l e t o n e a r b y t o i l e t fa c i l i t i e s
wh ich m eet t h e ot h er r equ ir em en t s of
t h is su bpa r a gr a ph .
(i i i ) T h e s e w a g e d i s p o s a l m e t h o d
sh a ll n ot en da n ger t h e h ea lt h of em -
ploy ees.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(2) Con st ru ct ion of t oilet room s. (i )
E a ch wa t er closet sh a ll occu py a sepa -
r a t e com pa r t m en t wit h a door a n d
w a l l s o r p a r t i t i o n s b e t w e e n fi x t u r e s
s u ffi c i e n t l y h i g h t o a s s u r e p r i v a c y .
(i i ) [R e s e r v e d ]
(d ) W a sh in g f a cilit ies—(1) Gen era l.
Wa s h i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d
in a sa n it a r y con dit ion .
(2) L a v a t ories. (i ) L a v a t o r i e s s h a l l b e
m a de a va ila ble in a ll pla ces of em ploy -
m en t . T h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is su b-
division do n ot a pply t o m obile cr ews
or t o n or m a lly u n a t t en ded wor k loca -
t ion s if em ploy ees wor k in g a t t h ese lo-
ca t ion s h a ve t r a n spor t a t ion r ea dily
a v a i l a b l e t o n e a r b y w a s h i n g fa c i l i t i e s
wh ich m eet t h e ot h er r equ ir em en t s of
t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(i i ) E a c h l a v a t o r y s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h h ot a n d cold r u n n in g wa t er , or
t epid r u n n in g wa t er .
(i i i ) H a n d s o a p o r s i m i l a r c l e a n s i n g
a gen t s sh a ll be pr ovided.
(i v ) I n d i v i d u a l h a n d t o w e l s o r s e c -
t i o n s t h e r e o f, o f c l o t h o r p a p e r , w a r m
a ir blower s or clea n in dividu a l sect ion s
of con t in u ou s clot h t owelin g, con ven -
ien t t o t h e la va t or ies, sh a ll be pr o-
vided.
(3) S h ow ers. (i ) Wh e n e v e r s h o w e r s a r e
r equ ir ed by a pa r t icu la r st a n da r d, t h e
sh ower s sh a ll be pr ovided in a ccor d-
a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (d )(3) (i i ) t h r o u g h
(v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) On e s h o w e r s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r
e a c h 10 e m p l o y e e s o f e a c h s e x , o r n u -
m e r i c a l fr a c t i o n t h e r e o f, w h o a r e r e -
q u i r e d t o s h o w e r d u r i n g t h e s a m e s h i ft .
(i i i ) B o d y s o a p o r o t h e r a p p r o p r i a t e
clea n sin g a gen t s con ven ien t t o t h e
s h o w e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d a s s p e c i fi e d
i n p a r a g r a p h (d )(2)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i v ) S h o w e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
h o t a n d c o l d w a t e r fe e d i n g a c o m m o n
disch a r ge lin e.
(v ) E m p l o y e e s w h o u s e s h o w e r s s h a l l
be pr ovided wit h in dividu a l clea n t ow-
els.
(e ) Ch a n ge room s. Wh e n e v e r e m p l o y -
ees a r e r equ ir ed by a pa r t icu la r st a n d-
a r d t o wea r pr ot ect ive clot h in g beca u se
of t h e possibilit y of con t a m in a t ion
wit h t oxic m a t er ia ls, ch a n ge r oom s
e q u i p p e d w i t h s t o r a g e fa c i l i t i e s fo r
s t r e e t c l o t h e s a n d s e p a r a t e s t o r a g e fa -
c i l i t i e s fo r t h e p r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
sh a ll be pr ovided.
455
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00465 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.142
(f) Clot h es d ry in g f a cilit ies. Wh e r e
wor k in g clot h es a r e pr ovided by t h e
em ploy er a n d becom e wet or a r e
w a s h e d b e t w e e n s h i ft s , p r o v i s i o n s h a l l
be m a de t o in su r e t h a t su ch clot h in g is
d r y b e fo r e r e u s e .
(g ) Con su m p t ion of f ood a n d bev era ges
on t h e p rem ises—(1) A p p lica t ion . T h i s
pa r a gr a ph sh a ll a pply on ly wh er e em -
p l o y e e s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o c o n s u m e fo o d
or bever a ges, or bot h , on t h e pr em ises.
(2) E a t in g a n d d rin k in g a rea s. N o e m -
ploy ee sh a ll be a llowed t o con su m e
fo o d o r b e v e r a g e s i n a t o i l e t r o o m n o r
in a n y a r ea exposed t o a t oxic m a t e-
r ia l.
(3) W a st e d isp osa l con t a in ers. R e c e p -
t a cles con st r u ct ed of sm oot h , cor r osion
r esist a n t , ea sily clea n a ble, or dispos-
a ble m a t er ia ls, sh a ll be pr ovided a n d
u s e d fo r t h e d i s p o s a l o f w a s t e fo o d . T h e
n u m b e r , s i ze , a n d l o c a t i o n o f s u c h r e -
cept a cles sh a ll en cou r a ge t h eir u se a n d
n o t r e s u l t i n o v e r fi l l i n g . T h e y s h a l l b e
e m p t i e d n o t l e s s fr e q u e n t l y t h a n o n c e
ea ch wor k in g da y , u n less u n u sed, a n d
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed in a clea n a n d sa n -
it a r y con dit ion . R ecept a cles sh a ll be
p r o v i d e d w i t h a s o l i d t i g h t -fi t t i n g
cover u n less sa n it a r y con dit ion s ca n be
m a in t a in ed wit h ou t u se of a cover .
(4) S a n it a ry st ora ge. N o fo o d o r b e v -
er a ges sh a ll be st or ed in t oilet r oom s
or in a n a r ea exposed t o a t oxic m a t e-
r ia l.
(h ) F ood h a n d lin g. A l l e m p l o y e e fo o d
s e r v i c e fa c i l i t i e s a n d o p e r a t i o n s s h a l l
be ca r r ied ou t in a ccor da n ce wit h
sou n d h y gien ic pr in ciples. In a ll pla ces
of em ploy m en t wh er e a ll or pa r t of t h e
fo o d s e r v i c e i s p r o v i d e d , t h e fo o d d i s -
p e n s e d s h a l l b e w h o l e s o m e , fr e e fr o m
spoila ge, a n d sh a ll be pr ocessed, pr e-
pa r ed, h a n dled, a n d st or ed in su ch a
m a n n er a s t o be pr ot ect ed a ga in st con -
t a m in a t ion .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 40
F R 18446, A p r i l 28, 1975; 40 F R 23073, M a y 28,
1975; 43 F R 49748, Oc t . 24, 1978; 63 F R 33466,
J u n e 18, 1998]
§ 1910.142 Temporary labor camps.
(a ) S it e. (1) A l l s i t e s u s e d fo r c a m p s
sh a ll be a dequ a t ely dr a in ed. T h ey sh a ll
n o t b e s u b j e c t t o p e r i o d i c fl o o d i n g , n o r
l o c a t e d w i t h i n 200 fe e t o f s w a m p s ,
p o o l s , s i n k h o l e s , o r o t h e r s u r fa c e c o l -
lect ion s of wa t er u n less su ch qu iescen t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.142
w a t e r s u r fa c e s c a n b e s u b j e c t e d t o m o s -
qu it o con t r ol m ea su r es. T h e ca m p sh a ll
b e l o c a t e d s o t h e d r a i n a g e fr o m a n d
t h r ou gh t h e ca m p will n ot en da n ger
a n y dom est ic or pu blic wa t er su pply .
All sit es sh a ll be gr a ded, dit ch ed, a n d
r e n d e r e d fr e e fr o m d e p r e s s i o n s i n w h i c h
wa t er m a y becom e a n u isa n ce.
(2) A l l s i t e s s h a l l b e a d e q u a t e i n s i ze
t o pr even t over cr owdin g of n ecessa r y
st r u ct u r es. T h e pr in cipa l ca m p a r ea in
w h i c h fo o d i s p r e p a r e d a n d s e r v e d a n d
wh er e sleepin g qu a r t er s a r e loca t ed
s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 500 fe e t fr o m a n y a r e a
in wh ich livest ock is k ept .
(3) T h e g r o u n d s a n d o p e n a r e a s s u r -
r ou n din g t h e sh elt er s sh a ll be m a in -
t a in ed in a clea n a n d sa n it a r y con di-
t i o n fr e e fr o m r u b b i s h , d e b r i s , w a s t e
p a p e r , g a r b a g e , o r o t h e r r e fu s e .
(b ) S h elt er. (1) E v e r y s h e l t e r i n t h e
ca m p sh a ll be con st r u ct ed in a m a n n er
wh ich will pr ovide pr ot ect ion a ga in st
t h e elem en t s.
(2) E a c h r o o m u s e d fo r s l e e p i n g p u r -
p o s e s s h a l l c o n t a i n a t l e a s t 50 s q u a r e
fe e t o f fl o o r s p a c e fo r e a c h o c c u p a n t .
A t l e a s t a 7–fo o t c e i l i n g s h a l l b e p r o -
vided.
(3) B e d s , c o t s , o r b u n k s , a n d s u i t a b l e
s t o r a g e fa c i l i t i e s s u c h a s w a l l l o c k e r s
fo r c l o t h i n g a n d p e r s o n a l a r t i c l e s s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d i n e v e r y r o o m u s e d fo r
sleepin g pu r poses. S u ch beds or sim ila r
fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e s p a c e d n o t c l o s e r
t h a n 36 i n c h e s b o t h l a t e r a l l y a n d e n d
t o e n d , a n d s h a l l b e e l e v a t e d a t l e a s t 12
i n c h e s fr o m t h e fl o o r . I f d o u b l e -d e c k
bu n k s a r e u sed, t h ey sh a ll be spa ced
n o t l e s s t h a n 48 i n c h e s b o t h l a t e r a l l y
a n d en d t o en d. T h e m in im u m clea r
spa ce bet ween t h e lower a n d u pper
b u n k s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 27 i n c h e s .
T r i p l e -d e c k b u n k s a r e p r o h i b i t e d .
(4) T h e fl o o r s o f e a c h s h e l t e r s h a l l b e
con st r u ct ed of wood, a sph a lt , or con -
c r e t e . Wo o d e n fl o o r s s h a l l b e o f s m o o t h
a n d t i g h t c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e fl o o r s s h a l l
be k ept in good r epa ir .
(5) A l l w o o d e n fl o o r s s h a l l b e e l e -
v a t e d n o t l e s s t h a n 1 fo o t a b o v e t h e
gr ou n d level a t a ll poin t s t o pr even t
d a m p n e s s a n d t o p e r m i t fr e e c i r c u l a -
t ion of a ir ben ea t h .
(6) N o t h i n g i n t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e
c o n s t r u e d t o p r o h i b i t ‘‘b a n k i n g ’’ w i t h
ea r t h or ot h er su it a ble m a t er ia l a r ou n d
t h e ou t side wa lls in a r ea s su bject t o ex-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t r em e low t em per a t u r es.
456
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00466 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(7) A l l l i v i n g q u a r t e r s s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h win dows t h e t ot a l of wh ich
s h a l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n o n e -t e n t h o f t h e
fl o o r a r e a . A t l e a s t o n e -h a l f o f e a c h
win dow sh a ll be so con st r u ct ed t h a t it
c a n b e o p e n e d fo r p u r p o s e s o f v e n t i l a -
t ion .
(8) A l l e x t e r i o r o p e n i n g s s h a l l b e e f-
fe c t i v e l y s c r e e n e d w i t h 16–m e s h m a t e -
r ia l. All scr een door s sh a ll be equ ipped
w i t h s e l f-c l o s i n g d e v i c e s .
(9) I n a r o o m w h e r e w o r k e r s c o o k ,
l i v e , a n d s l e e p a m i n i m u m o f 100 s q u a r e
fe e t p e r p e r s o n s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d . S a n i -
t a r y fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r
s t o r i n g a n d p r e p a r i n g fo o d .
(10) I n c a m p s w h e r e c o o k i n g fa c i l i t i e s
a r e u s e d i n c o m m o n , s t o v e s (i n r a t i o o f
o n e s t o v e t o 10 p e r s o n s o r o n e s t o v e t o
t w o fa m i l i e s ) s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n a n
en closed a n d scr een ed sh elt er . S a n it a r y
fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r s t o r i n g
a n d p r e p a r i n g fo o d .
(11) A l l h e a t i n g , c o o k i n g , a n d w a t e r
h ea t in g equ ipm en t sh a ll be in st a lled in
a ccor da n ce wit h S t a t e a n d loca l or di-
n a n ces, codes, a n d r egu la t ion s gov-
er n in g su ch in st a lla t ion s. If a ca m p is
u sed du r in g cold wea t h er , a dequ a t e
h ea t in g equ ipm en t sh a ll be pr ovided.
(c ) W a t er su p p ly . (1) A n a d e q u a t e a n d
con ven ien t wa t er su pply , a ppr oved by
t h e a ppr opr ia t e h ea lt h a u t h or it y , sh a ll
b e p r o v i d e d i n e a c h c a m p fo r d r i n k i n g ,
cook in g, ba t h in g, a n d la u n dr y pu r -
poses.
(2) A w a t e r s u p p l y s h a l l b e d e e m e d
a d e q u a t e i f i t i s c a p a b l e o f d e l i v e r i n g 35
ga llon s per per son per da y t o t h e ca m p-
s i t e a t a p e a k r a t e o f 21⁄2 t i m e s t h e a v -
er a ge h ou r ly dem a n d.
(3) T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n l i n e s s h a l l b e c a -
pa ble of su pply in g wa t er a t n or m a l op-
e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e s t o a l l fi x t u r e s fo r s i -
m u l t a n e o u s o p e r a t i o n . Wa t e r o u t l e t s
sh a ll be dist r ibu t ed t h r ou gh ou t t h e
ca m p in su ch a m a n n er t h a t n o sh elt er
i s m o r e t h a n 100 fe e t fr o m a y a r d h y -
dr a n t if wa t er is n ot piped t o t h e sh el-
t er s.
(4) Wh e r e w a t e r u n d e r p r e s s u r e i s
a v a i l a b l e , o n e o r m o r e d r i n k i n g fo u n -
t a i n s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h 100 o c -
c u p a n t s o r fr a c t i o n t h e r e o f. Co m m o n
dr in k in g cu ps a r e pr oh ibit ed.
(d ) T oilet f a cilit ies. (1) T o i l e t fa c i l i t i e s
a d e q u a t e fo r t h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e c a m p
sh a ll be pr ovided.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(2) E a c h t o i l e t r o o m s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
so a s t o be a ccessible wit h ou t a n y in di-
vidu a l pa ssin g t h r ou gh a n y sleepin g
r oom . T oilet r oom s sh a ll h a ve a win -
d o w n o t l e s s t h a n 6 s q u a r e fe e t i n a r e a
open in g dir ect ly t o t h e ou t side a r ea or
o t h e r w i s e b e s a t i s fa c t o r i l y v e n t i l a t e d .
All ou t side open in gs sh a ll be scr een ed
w i t h 16–m e s h m a t e r i a l . N o fi x t u r e ,
wa t er closet , ch em ica l t oilet , or u r in a l
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d i n a r o o m u s e d fo r
ot h er t h a n t oilet pu r poses.
(3) A t o i l e t r o o m s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
w i t h i n 200 fe e t o f t h e d o o r o f e a c h
sleepin g r oom . No pr ivy sh a ll be closer
t h a n 100 fe e t t o a n y s l e e p i n g r o o m , d i n -
in g r oom , lu n ch a r ea , or k it ch en .
(4) Wh e r e t h e t o i l e t r o o m s a r e s h a r e d ,
s u c h a s i n m u l t i fa m i l y s h e l t e r s a n d i n
b a r r a c k s t y p e fa c i l i t i e s , s e p a r a t e t o i l e t
r o o m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h s e x .
T h ese r oom s sh a ll be dist in ct ly m a r k ed
‘‘fo r m e n ’’ a n d ‘‘fo r w o m e n ’’ b y s i g n s
pr in t ed in E n glish a n d in t h e n a t ive
la n gu a ge of t h e per son s occu py in g t h e
ca m p, or m a r k ed wit h ea sily u n der -
s t o o d p i c t u r e s o r s y m b o l s . I f t h e fa c i l i -
t i e s fo r e a c h s e x a r e i n t h e s a m e b u i l d -
in g, t h ey sh a ll be sepa r a t ed by solid
w a l l s o r p a r t i t i o n s e x t e n d i n g fr o m t h e
fl o o r t o t h e r o o f o r c e i l i n g .
(5) Wh e r e t o i l e t fa c i l i t i e s a r e s h a r e d ,
t h e n u m ber of wa t er closet s or pr ivy
s e a t s p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h s e x s h a l l b e
ba sed on t h e m a xim u m n u m ber of per -
son s of t h a t sex wh ich t h e ca m p is de-
sign ed t o h ou se a t a n y on e t im e, in t h e
r a t i o o f o n e s u c h u n i t t o e a c h 15 p e r -
s o n s , w i t h a m i n i m u m o f t w o u n i t s fo r
a n y s h a r e d fa c i l i t y .
(6) U r i n a l s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d o n t h e
b a s i s o f o n e u n i t o r 2 l i n e a r fe e t o f u r i -
n a l t r o u g h fo r e a c h 25 m e n . T h e fl o o r
fr o m t h e w a l l a n d fo r a d i s t a n c e n o t
l e s s t h a n 15 i n c h e s m e a s u r e d fr o m t h e
ou t wa r d edge of t h e u r in a ls sh a ll be
con st r u ct ed of m a t er ia ls im per viou s t o
m o i s t u r e . Wh e r e w a t e r u n d e r p r e s s u r e
is a va ila ble, u r in a ls sh a ll be pr ovided
w i t h a n a d e q u a t e w a t e r fl u s h . U r i n a l
t r o u g h s i n p r i v i e s s h a l l d r a i n fr e e l y
in t o t h e pit or va u lt a n d t h e con st r u c-
t ion of t h is dr a in sh a ll be su ch a s t o ex-
c l u d e fl i e s a n d r o d e n t s fr o m t h e p i t .
(7) E v e r y w a t e r c l o s e t i n s t a l l e d o n o r
a ft e r A u g u s t 31, 1971, s h a l l b e l o c a t e d
in a t oilet r oom .
(8) E a c h t o i l e t r o o m s h a l l b e l i g h t e d
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
n a t u r a l l y , o r a r t i fi c i a l l y b y a s a fe t y p e
457
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00467 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.142
of ligh t in g a t a ll h ou r s of t h e da y a n d
n igh t .
(9) A n a d e q u a t e s u p p l y o f t o i l e t p a p e r
sh a ll be pr ovided in ea ch pr ivy , wa t er
closet , or ch em ica l t oilet com pa r t -
m en t .
(10) P r i v i e s a n d t o i l e t r o o m s s h a l l b e
k ept in a sa n it a r y con dit ion . T h ey
sh a ll be clea n ed a t lea st da ily .
(e ) S ew a ge d isp osa l f a cilit ies. I n c a m p s
wh er e pu blic sewer s a r e a va ila ble, a ll
s e w e r l i n e s a n d fl o o r d r a i n s fr o m b u i l d -
in gs sh a ll be con n ect ed t h er et o.
(f) L a u n d ry , h a n d w a sh in g, a n d ba t h in g
f a cilit ies. (1) L a u n d r y , h a n d w a s h i n g ,
a n d b a t h i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
i n t h e fo l l o w i n g r a t i o :
(i ) H a n d w a s h b a s i n p e r fa m i l y s h e l t e r
o r p e r s i x p e r s o n s i n s h a r e d fa c i l i t i e s .
(i i ) S h o w e r h e a d fo r e v e r y 10 p e r s o n s .
(i i i ) L a u n d r y t r a y o r t u b fo r e v e r y 30
per son s.
(i v ) S l o p s i n k i n e a c h b u i l d i n g u s e d
fo r l a u n d r y , h a n d w a s h i n g , a n d b a t h -
in g.
(2) F l o o r s s h a l l b e o f s m o o t h fi n i s h
bu t n ot slipper y m a t er ia ls; t h ey sh a ll
be im per viou s t o m oist u r e. F loor
dr a in s sh a ll be pr ovided in a ll sh ower
ba t h s, sh ower r oom s, or la u n dr y r oom s
t o r e m o v e w a s t e w a t e r a n d fa c i l i t a t e
clea n in g. All ju n ct ion s of t h e cu r bin g
a n d t h e fl o o r s h a l l b e c o v e d . T h e w a l l s
a n d pa r t it ion s of sh ower r oom s sh a ll be
sm oot h a n d im per viou s t o t h e h eigh t of
spla sh .
(3) A n a d e q u a t e s u p p l y o f h o t a n d
cold r u n n in g wa t er sh a ll be pr ovided
fo r b a t h i n g a n d l a u n d r y p u r p o s e s . F a -
c i l i t i e s fo r h e a t i n g w a t e r s h a l l b e p r o -
vided.
(4) E v e r y s e r v i c e b u i l d i n g s h a l l b e
pr ovided wit h equ ipm en t ca pa ble of
m a in t a in in g a t em per a t u r e of a t lea st
70 °F . d u r i n g c o l d w e a t h e r .
(5) F a c i l i t i e s fo r d r y i n g c l o t h e s s h a l l
be pr ovided.
(6) A l l s e r v i c e b u i l d i n g s s h a l l b e k e p t
clea n .
(g ) L igh t in g. Wh e r e e l e c t r i c s e r v i c e i s
a va ila ble, ea ch h a bit a ble r oom in a
ca m p sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a t lea st
o n e c e i l i n g -t y p e l i g h t fi x t u r e a n d a t
l e a s t o n e s e p a r a t e fl o o r - o r w a l l -t y p e
con ven ien ce ou t let . L a u n dr y a n d t oilet
r oom s a n d r oom s wh er e people con -
gr ega t e sh a ll con t a in a t lea st on e
c e i l i n g - o r w a l l -t y p e fi x t u r e . L i g h t l e v -
els in t oilet a n d st or a ge r oom s sh a ll be
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.143
a t l e a s t 20 fo o t -c a n d l e s 30 i n c h e s fr o m
t h e fl o o r . Ot h e r r o o m s , i n c l u d i n g
k it ch en s a n d livin g qu a r t er s, sh a ll be
a t l e a s t 30 fo o t -c a n d l e s 30 i n c h e s fr o m
t h e fl o o r .
(h ) R ef u se d isp osa l. (1) F l y -t i g h t , r o -
d e n t -t i g h t , i m p e r v i o u s , c l e a n a b l e o r
sin gle ser vice con t a in er s, a ppr oved by
t h e a ppr opr ia t e h ea lt h a u t h or it y sh a ll
b e p r o v i d e d fo r t h e s t o r a g e o f g a r b a g e .
At lea st on e su ch con t a in er sh a ll be
p r o v i d e d fo r e a c h fa m i l y s h e l t e r a n d
s h a l l b e l o c a t e d w i t h i n 100 fe e t o f e a c h
sh elt er on a wooden , m et a l, or con cr et e
st a n d.
(2) G a r b a g e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e k e p t
clea n .
(3) G a r b a g e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e
e m p t i e d w h e n fu l l , b u t n o t l e s s t h a n
t wice a week .
(i ) Con st ru ct ion a n d op era t ion of k it ch -
en s, d in in g h a ll, a n d f eed in g f a cilit ies. (1)
In a ll ca m ps wh er e cen t r a l din in g or
m u l t i p l e fa m i l y fe e d i n g o p e r a t i o n s a r e
p e r m i t t e d o r p r o v i d e d , t h e fo o d h a n -
d l i n g fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e ‘‘F o o d S e r v i c e
S a n i t a t i o n Or d i n a n c e a n d Co d e ,’’ P a r t
V o f t h e ‘‘F o o d S e r v i c e S a n i t a t i o n
M a n u a l ,’’ U .S . P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e
P u b l i c a t i o n 934 (1965), w h i c h i s i n c o r -
p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6.
(2) A p r o p e r l y c o n s t r u c t e d k i t c h e n
a n d d i n i n g h a l l a d e q u a t e i n s i ze , s e p a -
r a t e fr o m t h e s l e e p i n g q u a r t e r s o f a n y
o f t h e w o r k e r s o r t h e i r fa m i l i e s , s h a l l
b e p r o v i d e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a l l fo o d
h a n d l i n g fa c i l i t i e s . T h e r e s h a l l b e n o
d i r e c t o p e n i n g fr o m l i v i n g o r s l e e p i n g
qu a r t er s in t o a k it ch en or din in g h a ll.
(3) N o p e r s o n w i t h a n y c o m m u n i c a b l e
disea se sh a ll be em ploy ed or per m it t ed
t o wor k in t h e pr epa r a t ion , cook in g,
s e r v i n g , o r o t h e r h a n d l i n g o f fo o d , fo o d -
s t u ffs , o r m a t e r i a l s u s e d t h e r e i n , i n
a n y k it ch en or din in g r oom oper a t ed in
con n ect ion wit h a ca m p or r egu la r ly
u sed by per son s livin g in a ca m p.
(j ) I n sect a n d rod en t con t rol. E ffe c t i v e
m ea su r es sh a ll be t a k en t o pr even t in -
fe s t a t i o n b y a n d h a r b o r a g e o f a n i m a l
or in sect vect or s or pest s.
(k ) F irst a id . (1) A d e q u a t e fi r s t a i d fa -
cilit ies a ppr oved by a h ea lt h a u t h or it y
sh a ll be m a in t a in ed a n d m a de a va ila ble
i n e v e r y l a b o r c a m p fo r t h e e m e r g e n c y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t r ea t m en t of in ju r ed per son s.
458
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00468 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(2) S u c h fa c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e i n c h a r g e
o f a p e r s o n t r a i n e d t o a d m i n i s t e r fi r s t
a i d a n d s h a l l b e r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e fo r
u se a t a ll t im es.
(l ) R ep ort in g com m u n ica ble d isea se. (1)
It sh a ll be t h e du t y of t h e ca m p su per -
in t en den t t o r epor t im m edia t ely t o t h e
l o c a l h e a l t h o ffi c e r t h e n a m e a n d a d -
dr ess of a n y in dividu a l in t h e ca m p
k n own t o h a ve or su spect ed of h a vin g a
com m u n ica ble disea se.
(2) Wh e n e v e r t h e r e s h a l l o c c u r i n a n y
c a m p a c a s e o f s u s p e c t e d fo o d p o i -
son in g or a n u n u su a l pr eva len ce of a n y
i l l n e s s i n w h i c h fe v e r , d i a r r h e a , s o r e
t h r oa t , vom it in g, or ja u n dice is a
pr om in en t sy m pt om , it sh a ll be t h e
du t y of t h e ca m p su per in t en den t t o r e-
por t im m edia t ely t h e exist en ce of t h e
ou t br ea k t o t h e h ea lt h a u t h or it y by
t elegr a m , t eleph on e, elect r on ic m a il or
a n y o t h e r m e t h o d t h a t i s e q u a l l y fa s t .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 47
F R 14696, A p r . 6, 1982; 49 F R 18295, A p r . 30,
1984; 61 F R 9238, M a r . 7, 1996; 63 F R 33466,
J u n e 18, 1998; 70 F R 1141, J a n . 5, 2005; 70 F R
53929, S e p t . 13, 2005]
§ 1910.143 Nonwater carriage disposal
systems. [Reserved]
§ 1910.144 Safety color code for mark-
ing physical hazards.
(a ) Color id en t if ica t ion —(1) R ed . R e d
s h a l l b e t h e b a s i c c o l o r fo r t h e i d e n t i -
fi c a t i o n o f:
(i ) F ire p rot ect ion equ ip m en t a n d a p p a -
ra t u s. [R e s e r v e d ]
(i i ) D a n ger. S a fe t y c a n s o r o t h e r p o r t -
a b l e c o n t a i n e r s o f fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s
h a v i n g a fl a s h p o i n t a t o r b e l o w 80 °F ,
t a b l e c o n t a i n e r s o f fl a m m a b l e l i q u i d s
(o p e n c u p t e s t e r ), e x c l u d i n g s h i p p i n g
con t a in er s, sh a ll be pa in t ed r ed wit h
som e a ddit ion a l clea r ly visible iden t i-
fi c a t i o n e i t h e r i n t h e fo r m o f a y e l l o w
ba n d a r ou n d t h e ca n or t h e n a m e of t h e
con t en t s con spicu ou sly st en ciled or
pa in t ed on t h e ca n in y ellow. R ed
ligh t s sh a ll be pr ovided a t ba r r ica des
a n d a t t em por a r y obst r u ct ion s, a s spec-
i fi e d i n A N S I S a fe t y Co d e fo r B u i l d i n g
Co n s t r u c t i o n , A 10.2–1944, w h i c h i s i n -
c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n
§ 1910.6. D a n g e r s i g n s s h a l l b e p a i n t e d
r ed.
(i i i ) S t op . E m e r g e n c y s t o p b a r s o n
h a za r d o u s m a c h i n e s s u c h a s r u b b e r
m i l l s , w i r e b l o c k s , fl a t w o r k i r o n e r s ,
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
e t c ., s h a l l b e r e d . S t o p b u t t o n s o r e l e c -
t r ica l swit ch es wh ich let t er s or ot h er
m a r k i n g s a p p e a r , u s e d fo r e m e r g e n c y
st oppin g of m a ch in er y sh a ll be r ed.
(2) [R e s e r v e d ]
(3) Y ellow . Y e l l o w s h a l l b e t h e b a s i c
c o l o r fo r d e s i g n a t i n g c a u t i o n a n d fo r
m a r k i n g p h y s i c a l h a za r d s s u c h a s :
S t r i k i n g a g a i n s t , s t u m b l i n g , fa l l i n g ,
t r i p p i n g , a n d ‘‘c a u g h t i n b e t w e e n .’’
(b ) [R e s e r v e d ]
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49748, Oc t . 24, 1978; 49 F R 5322, F e b . 10,
1984; 61 F R 9239, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.145 Specifications for accident
prevention signs and tags.
(a ) S cop e. (1) T h e s e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
a pply t o t h e design , a pplica t ion , a n d
u s e o f s i g n s o r s y m b o l s (a s i n c l u d e d i n
p a r a g r a p h s (c ) t h r o u g h (e ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n ) i n t e n d e d t o i n d i c a t e a n d , i n s o fa r
a s p o s s i b l e , t o d e fi n e s p e c i fi c h a za r d s o f
a n a t u r e s u c h t h a t fa i l u r e t o d e s i g n a t e
t h em m a y lea d t o a cciden t a l in ju r y t o
wor k er s or t h e pu blic, or bot h , or t o
p r o p e r t y d a m a g e . T h e s e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s
a r e i n t e n d e d t o c o v e r a l l s a fe t y s i g n s
e x c e p t t h o s e d e s i g n e d fo r s t r e e t s , h i g h -
wa y s, r a ilr oa ds, a n d m a r in e r egu la -
t i o n s . T h e s e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s d o n o t a p p l y
t o p l a n t b u l l e t i n b o a r d s o r t o s a fe t y
post er s.
(2) A l l n e w s i g n s a n d r e p l a c e m e n t s o f
old sign s sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h
t h e s e s p e c i fi c a t i o n s .
(b ) D ef in it ion s. A s u s e d i n t h i s s e c -
t i o n , t h e w o r d sign r e fe r s t o a s u r fa c e
o n p r e p a r e d fo r t h e w a r n i n g o f, o r s a fe -
t y i n s t r u c t i o n s o f, i n d u s t r i a l w o r k e r s
or m em ber s of t h e pu blic wh o m a y be
e x p o s e d t o h a za r d s . E x c l u d e d fr o m t h i s
d e fi n i t i o n , h o w e v e r , a r e n e w s r e l e a s e s ,
d i s p l a y s c o m m o n l y k n o w n a s s a fe t y
p o s t e r s , a n d b u l l e t i n s u s e d fo r e m -
ploy ee edu ca t ion .
(c ) Cla ssif ica t ion of sign s a ccord in g t o
u se—(1) D a n ger sign s. (i ) T h e r e s h a l l b e
n o va r ia t ion in t h e t y pe of design of
s i g n s p o s t e d t o w a r n o f s p e c i fi c d a n g e r s
a n d r a d i a t i o n h a za r d s .
(i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d
t h a t da n ger sign s in dica t e im m edia t e
da n ger a n d t h a t specia l pr eca u t ion s a r e
n ecessa r y .
(2) Ca u t ion sign s. (i ) Ca u t i o n s i g n s
sh a ll be u sed on ly t o wa r n a ga in st po-
t e n t i a l h a za r d s o r t o c a u t i o n a g a i n s t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
u n s a fe p r a c t i c e s .
459
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§ 1910.145
(i i ) A l l e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d
t h a t ca u t ion sign s in dica t e a possible
h a za r d a g a i n s t w h i c h p r o p e r p r e c a u t i o n
sh ou ld be t a k en .
(3) S a f et y in st ru ct ion sign s. S a fe t y i n -
st r u ct ion sign s sh a ll be u sed wh er e
t h e r e i s a n e e d fo r g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s
a n d s u g g e s t i o n s r e l a t i v e t o s a fe t y
m ea su r es.
(d ) S ign d esign —(1) D esign f ea t u res. A l l
s i g n s s h a l l b e fu r n i s h e d w i t h r o u n d e d
o r b l u n t c o r n e r s a n d s h a l l b e fr e e fr o m
sh a r p edges, bu r r s, splin t er s, or ot h er
sh a r p pr oject ion s. T h e en ds or h ea ds of
b o l t s o r o t h e r fa s t e n i n g d e v i c e s s h a l l
be loca t ed in su ch a wa y t h a t t h ey do
n o t c o n s t i t u t e a h a za r d .
(2) D a n ger sign s. T h e c o l o r s r e d ,
bla ck , a n d wh it e sh a ll be t h ose of
o p a q u e g l o s s y s a m p l e s a s s p e c i fi e d i n
T a b l e 1 o f F u n d a m e n t a l S p e c i fi c a t i o n
o f S a fe t y Co l o r s fo r CI E S t a n d a r d
S o u r c e ‘‘C’’, A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d -
a r d Z 53.1–1967, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y
r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6.
(3) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) Ca u t ion sign s. S t a n d a r d c o l o r o f
t h e ba ck gr ou n d sh a ll be y ellow; a n d
t h e pa n el, bla ck wit h y ellow let t er s.
An y let t er s u sed a ga in st t h e y ellow
ba ck gr ou n d sh a ll be bla ck . T h e color s
sh a ll be t h ose of opa qu e glossy sa m ples
a s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e 1 o f A m e r i c a n N a -
t i o n a l S t a n d a r d Z 53.1–1967.
(5) [R e s e r v e d ]
(6) S a f et y in st ru ct ion sign s. S t a n d a r d
color of t h e ba ck gr ou n d sh a ll be wh it e;
a n d t h e pa n el, gr een wit h wh it e let t er s.
An y let t er s u sed a ga in st t h e wh it e
ba ck gr ou n d sh a ll be bla ck . T h e color s
sh a ll be t h ose of opa qu e glossy sa m ples
a s s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e 1 o f A m e r i c a n N a -
t i o n a l S t a n d a r d , Z 53.1–1967.
(7)–(9) [R e s e r v e d ]
(10) S low -m ov in g v eh icle em blem . T h i s
e m b l e m (s e e fi g . J –7) c o n s i s t s o f a fl u o -
r e s c e n t y e l l o w -o r a n g e t r i a n g l e w i t h a
d a r k r e d r e fl e c t i v e b o r d e r . T h e y e l l o w -
o r a n g e fl u o r e s c e n t t r i a n g l e i s a h i g h l y
v i s i b l e c o l o r fo r d a y l i g h t e x p o s u r e . T h e
r e fl e c t i v e b o r d e r d e fi n e s t h e s h a p e o f
t h e fl u o r e s c e n t c o l o r i n d a y l i g h t a n d
cr ea t es a h ollow r ed t r ia n gle in t h e
pa t h of m ot or veh icle h ea dligh t s a t
n igh t . T h e em blem is in t en ded a s a
u n i q u e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n fo r , a n d i t s h a l l
be u sed on ly on , veh icles wh ich by de-
s i g n m o v e s l o w l y (25 m .p .h . o r l e s s ) o n
t h e pu blic r oa ds. T h e em blem is n ot a
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.145
c l e a r a n c e m a r k e r fo r w i d e m a c h i n e r y
n or is it in t en ded t o r epla ce r equ ir ed
l i g h t i n g o r m a r k i n g o f s l o w -m o v i n g v e -
h i c l e s . N e i t h e r t h e c o l o r fi l m p a t t e r n
a n d it s dim en sion s n or t h e ba ck in g
sh a ll be a lt er ed t o per m it u se of a dver -
t isin g or ot h er m a r k in gs. T h e m a t er ia l,
l o c a t i o n , m o u n t i n g , e t c ., o f t h e e m -
blem sh a ll be in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e
Am er ica n S ociet y of Agr icu lt u r a l E n -
g i n e e r s E m b l e m fo r I d e n t i fy i n g S l o w -
M o v i n g V e h i c l e s , A S A E R 276, 1967, o r
A S A E S 276.2 (A N S I B 114.1–1971), w h i c h
a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i -
fi e d i n § 1910.6.
F I G U R E J –7—S L OW -M OV I N G V E H I CL E E M B L E M
N OT E : A l l d i m e n s i o n s a r e i n i n c h e s .
(e ) S ign w ord in gs.
(1) [R e s e r v e d ]
(2) N a t u re of w ord in g. T h e w o r d i n g o f
a n y sign sh ou ld be ea sily r ea d a n d con -
c i s e . T h e s i g n s h o u l d c o n t a i n s u ffi c i e n t
i n fo r m a t i o n t o b e e a s i l y u n d e r s t o o d .
T h e wor din g sh ou ld m a k e a posit ive,
r a t h er t h a n n ega t ive su ggest ion a n d
s h o u l d b e a c c u r a t e i n fa c t .
(3) [R e s e r v e d ]
(4) B iologica l h a z a rd sign s. T h e b i o -
l o g i c a l h a za r d w a r n i n g s h a l l b e u s e d t o
s i g n i fy t h e a c t u a l o r p o t e n t i a l p r e s e n c e
o f a b i o h a za r d a n d t o i d e n t i fy e q u i p -
m en t , con t a in er s, r oom s, m a t er ia ls, ex-
per im en t a l a n im a ls, or com bin a t ion s
t h e r e o f, w h i c h c o n t a i n , o r a r e c o n t a m i -
n a t e d w i t h , v i a b l e h a za r d o u s a g e n t s .
F or t h e pu r pose of t h is su bpa r a gr a ph
t h e t e r m ‘‘b i o l o g i c a l h a za r d ,’’ o r ‘‘b i o -
h a za r d ,’’ s h a l l i n c l u d e o n l y t h o s e i n fe c -
t iou s a gen t s pr esen t in g a r isk or pot en -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t i a l r i s k t o t h e w e l l -b e i n g o f m a n .
460
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00470 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(f) A ccid en t p rev en t ion t a gs—(1) S cop e
a n d a p p lica t ion . (i ) T h i s p a r a g r a p h (f)
a pplies t o a ll a cciden t pr even t ion t a gs
u s e d t o i d e n t i fy h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n s
a n d pr ovide a m essa ge t o em ploy ees
w i t h r e s p e c t t o h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n s a s
s e t fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h (f)(3) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n , o r t o m e e t t h e s p e c i fi c t a g g i n g r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f o t h e r OS H A s t a n d a r d s .
(i i ) T h i s p a r a g r a p h (f) d o e s n o t a p p l y
t o con st r u ct ion , m a r it im e or a gr i-
cu lt u r e.
(2) D ef in it ion s. B iologica l h a z a rd o r
B I O H A Z A R D m e a n s t h o s e i n fe c t i o u s
a gen t s pr esen t in g a r isk of dea t h , in -
ju r y or illn ess t o em ploy ees.
M a jor m essa ge m e a n s t h a t p o r t i o n o f
a t a g ’s i n s c r i p t i o n t h a t i s m o r e s p e c i fi c
t h a n t h e sign a l wor d a n d t h a t in dica t es
t h e s p e c i fi c h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n o r t h e
in st r u ct ion t o be com m u n ica t ed t o t h e
e m p l o y e e . E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e : ‘‘H i g h
V o l t a g e ,’’ ‘‘Cl o s e Cl e a r a n c e ,’’ ‘‘D o N o t
S t a r t ,’’ o r ‘‘D o N o t U s e ’’ o r a c o r -
r espon din g pict ogr a ph u sed wit h a
wr it t en t ext or a lon e.
P ict ogra p h m e a n s a p i c t o r i a l r e p -
r e s e n t a t i o n u s e d t o i d e n t i fy a h a z-
a r d o u s c o n d i t i o n o r t o c o n v e y a s a fe t y
in st r u ct ion .
S ign a l w ord m e a n s t h a t p o r t i o n o f a
t a g ’s i n s c r i p t i o n t h a t c o n t a i n s t h e
wor d or wor ds t h a t a r e in t en ded t o ca p-
t u r e t h e e m p l o y e e ’s i m m e d i a t e a t t e n -
t ion .
T ag m ea n s a device u su a lly m a de of
ca r d, pa per , pa st eboa r d, pla st ic or
o t h e r m a t e r i a l u s e d t o i d e n t i fy a h a z-
a r dou s con dit ion .
(3) U se. T a g s s h a l l b e u s e d a s a m e a n s
t o pr even t a cciden t a l in ju r y or illn ess
t o e m p l o y e e s w h o a r e e x p o s e d t o h a z-
a r d o u s o r p o t e n t i a l l y h a za r d o u s c o n d i -
t ion s, equ ipm en t or oper a t ion s wh ich
a r e ou t of t h e or din a r y , u n expect ed or
n ot r ea dily a ppa r en t . T a gs sh a ll be
u s e d u n t i l s u c h t i m e a s t h e i d e n t i fi e d
h a za r d i s e l i m i n a t e d o r t h e h a za r d o u s
oper a t ion is com plet ed. T a gs n eed n ot
be u sed wh er e sign s, gu a r din g or ot h er
posit ive m ea n s of pr ot ect ion a r e bein g
u sed.
(4) Gen era l t a g crit eria . A l l r e q u i r e d
t a g s s h a l l m e e t t h e fo l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a :
(i ) T a g s s h a l l c o n t a i n a s i g n a l w o r d
a n d a m a jor m essa ge.
(A ) T h e s i g n a l w o r d s h a l l b e e i t h e r
‘‘D a n g e r ,’’ ‘‘Ca u t i o n ,’’ o r ‘‘B i o l o g i c a l
EC27OC91.028
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.145

H a za r d ,’’ ‘‘B I OH A Z A R D ,’’ o r t h e b i o -

l o g i c a l h a za r d s y m b o l .
(B ) T h e m a j o r m e s s a g e s h a l l i n d i c a t e
t h e s p e c i fi c h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n o r t h e
in st r u ct ion t o be com m u n ica t ed t o t h e
em ploy ee.
(i i ) T h e s i g n a l w o r d s h a l l b e r e a d a b l e
a t a m i n i m u m d i s t a n c e o f fi v e fe e t (1.52
m ) or su ch gr ea t er dist a n ce a s wa r -
r a n t e d b y t h e h a za r d .
(i i i ) T h e t a g ’s m a j o r m e s s a g e s h a l l b e
pr esen t ed in eit h er pict ogr a ph s, wr it -
t en t ext or bot h .
(i v ) T h e s i g n a l w o r d a n d t h e m a j o r
m essa ge sh a ll be u n der st a n da ble t o a ll
em ploy ees wh o m a y be exposed t o t h e
i d e n t i fi e d h a za r d .
(v ) A l l e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e i n fo r m e d
a s t o t h e m ea n in g of t h e va r iou s t a gs
u sed t h r ou gh ou t t h e wor k pla ce a n d
wh a t specia l pr eca u t ion s a r e n ecessa r y .
(v i ) T a g s s h a l l b e a ffi x e d a s c l o s e a s
s a fe l y p o s s i b l e t o t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e h a z-
a r ds by a posit ive m ea n s su ch a s B I OL OG I CA L H A Z A R D S Y M B OL C ON F I G U R A T I ON
st r in g, wir e, or a dh esive t h a t pr even t s (9) O t h er t a gs. Ot h e r t a g s m a y b e u s e d
t h eir loss or u n in t en t ion a l r em ova l. in a ddit ion t o t h ose r equ ir ed by t h is
(5) D a n ger t a gs. D a n g e r t a g s s h a l l b e p a r a g r a p h (f), o r i n o t h e r s i t u a t i o n s
u s e d i n m a j o r h a za r d s i t u a t i o n s w h e r e w h e r e t h i s p a r a g r a p h (f) d o e s n o t r e -
a n i m m e d i a t e h a za r d p r e s e n t s a t h r e a t qu ir e t a gs, pr ovided t h a t t h ey do n ot
of dea t h or ser iou s in ju r y t o em ploy - d e t r a c t fr o m t h e i m p a c t o r v i s i b i l i t y o f
ees. Da n ger t a gs sh a ll be u sed on ly in t h e sign a l wor d a n d m a jor m essa ge of
t h ese sit u a t ion s. a n y r equ ir ed t a g.
(6) Ca u t ion t a gs. Ca u t i o n t a g s s h a l l b e
A P P E N D I X E S T O § 1910.145(f), A CCI D E N T
u s e d i n m i n o r h a za r d s i t u a t i o n s w h e r e P R E V E N T I ON T A G S
a n o n -i m m e d i a t e o r p o t e n t i a l h a za r d o r
u n s a fe p r a c t i c e p r e s e n t s a l e s s e r t h r e a t A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.145(f)—R E COM M E N D E D
o f e m p l o y e e i n j u r y . Ca u t i o n t a g s s h a l l C OL OR C OD I N G
be u sed on ly in t h ese sit u a t ion s. Wh i l e t h e s t a n d a r d d o e s n o t s p e c i fi c a l l y
(7) W a rn in g t a gs. Wa r n i n g t a g s m a y m a n da t e color s t o be u sed on a cciden t pr e-
b e u s e d t o r e p r e s e n t a h a za r d l e v e l b e - v e n t i o n t a g s , t h e fo l l o w i n g c o l o r s c h e m e i s
t w e e n ‘‘Ca u t i o n ’’ a n d ‘‘D a n g e r ,’’ i n - r e c o m m e n d e d b y OS H A fo r m e e t i n g t h e r e -
s t e a d o f t h e r e q u i r e d ‘‘Ca u t i o n ’’ t a g , qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion :
pr ovided t h a t t h ey h a ve a sign a l wor d ‘‘D A N G E R ’’—R e d , o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y r e d ,
wit h let t er in g or sy m bols in a con t r a st in g
o f ‘‘Wa r n i n g ,’’ a n a p p r o p r i a t e m a j o r
color .
m essa ge, a n d ot h er wise m eet t h e gen - ‘‘CA U T I ON ’’—Y e l l o w , o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y
e r a l t a g c r i t e r i a o f p a r a g r a p h (f)(4) o f y ellow, wit h let t er in g or sy m bols in a con -
t h is sect ion . t r a st in g color .
(8) B iologica l h a z a rd t a gs. (i ) B i o l o g i - ‘‘WA R N I N G ’’—Or a n g e , o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y
c a l h a za r d t a g s s h a l l b e u s e d t o i d e n - or a n ge, wit h let t er in g or sy m bols in a con -
t i fy t h e a c t u a l o r p o t e n t i a l p r e s e n c e o f t r a st in g color .
a b i o l o g i c a l h a za r d a n d t o i d e n t i fy ‘‘B I OL OG I CA L H A Z A R D ’’—F l u o r e s c e n t o r -
a n g e o r o r a n g e -r e d , o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y s o ,
equ ipm en t , con t a in er s, r oom s, exper i-
wit h let t er in g or sy m bols in a con t r a st in g
m en t a l a n im a ls, or com bin a t ion s color .
t h e r e o f, t h a t c o n t a i n o r a r e c o n t a m i -
n a t e d w i t h h a za r d o u s b i o l o g i c a l a g e n t s . A P P E N D I X B T O § 1910.145(f)—R E F E R E N CE S F OR
(i i ) T h e s y m b o l d e s i g n fo r b i o l o g i c a l F U R T H E R I N F OR M A T I ON
h a za r d t a g s s h a l l c o n fo r m t o t h e d e s i g n T h e fo l l o w i n g r e fe r e n c e s p r o v i d e i n fo r m a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

sh own below: t i o n w h i c h c a n b e h e l p fu l i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g

461
EC27OC91.086

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00471 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
t h e r equ ir em en t s con t a in ed in va r iou s sec-
t ion s of t h e st a n da r d:
1. B r e s n a h a n , T h o m a s F ., a n d B r y k , J o -
s e p h , ‘‘T h e H a za r d A s s o c i a t i o n V a l u e s o f A c -
c i d e n t P r e v e n t i o n S i g n s ’’, Jou rn a l of A m er-
ica n S ociet y of S a f et y E n gin eers; J a n u a r y 1975.
2. D r e y fu s s , H ., S y m bol S ou rcebook , M c G r a w
H i l l ; N e w Y o r k , N Y , 1972.
3. G l a s s , R .A . a n d o t h e r s , S om e Crit eria f or
Colors a n d S ign s in W ork p la ces, N a t i o n a l B u -
r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s , Wa s h i n g t o n D C, 1983.
4. Gra p h ic S y m bols f or P u blic A rea s a n d O c-
cu p a t ion a l E n v iron m en t s, T r e a s u r y B o a r d o f
Ca n a d a , Ot t a w a , Ca n a d a , J u l y 1980.
5. H o w e t t , G .L ., S iz e of L et t ers R equ ired f or
V isibilit y a s a F u n ct ion of V iew in g D ist a n ce
a n d O bserv er A cu it y , N a t i o n a l B u r e a u o f
S t a n d a r d s , Wa s h i n g t o n D C, J u l y 1983.
6. L e r n e r , N .D . a n d Co l l i n s , B .L ., T h e A s-
sessm en t of S a f et y S y m bol U n d erst a n d a bilit y by
D if f eren t T est in g M et h od s, N a t i o n a l B u r e a u o f
S t a n d a r d s , Wa s h i n g t o n D C, 1980.
7. L e r n e r , N .D . a n d Co l l i n s , B .L ., W ork p la ce
S a f et y S y m bols, N a t i o n a l B u r e a u o f S t a n d -
a r d s , Wa s h i n g t o n D C, 1980.
8. M o d l e y , R . a n d M e y e r s , W.R ., H a n d book
of P ict oria l S y m bols, D o v e r P u b l i c a t i o n , N e w
Y o r k , N Y , 1976.
9. P rod u ct S a f et y S ign s a n d L a bels, F M C Co r -
p o r a t i o n , S a n t a Cl a r a , CA , 1978.
10. S a f et y Color Cod in g f or M a rk in g P h y sica l
H a z a rd s, Z 53.1, A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s
I n s t i t u t e , N e w Y o r k , N Y , 1979.
11. S ign s a n d S y m bols f or t h e O ccu p a t ion a l
E n v iron m en t , Ca n . 3–Z –321–77, Ca n a d i a n
S t a n d a r d s A s s o c i a t i o n , Ot t a w a , S e p t e m b e r
1977.
12. S y m bols f or I n d u st ria l S a f et y , N a t i o n a l
B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s , Wa s h i n g t o n D C, A p r i l
1982.
13. S y m bol S ign s, U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s -
p o r t a t i o n , Wa s h i n g t o n D C, N o v e m b e r 1974.
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 43
F R 49749, Oc t . 24, 1978; 43 F R 51759, N o v . 7,
1978; 49 F R 5322, F e b . 10, 1984; 51 F R 33260,
S e p t . 19, 1986; 61 F R 9239, M a r . 7, 1996]
§ 1910.146 Permit-required confined
spaces.
(a ) S cop e a n d a p p lica t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n
c o n t a i n s r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r p r a c t i c e s
a n d pr ocedu r es t o pr ot ect em ploy ees in
g e n e r a l i n d u s t r y fr o m t h e h a za r d s o f
e n t r y i n t o p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d
spa ces. T h is sect ion does n ot a pply t o
a gr icu lt u r e, t o con st r u ct ion , or t o sh ip-
y a r d e m p l o y m e n t (P a r t s 1928, 1926, a n d
1915 o f t h i s c h a p t e r , r e s p e c t i v e l y ).
(b ) D ef in it ion s.
A ccep t a ble en t ry con d it ion s m e a n s t h e
con dit ion s t h a t m u st exist in a per m it
spa ce t o a llow en t r y a n d t o en su r e t h a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
e m p l o y e e s i n v o l v e d w i t h a p e r m i t -r e -
462
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00472 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e e n t r y c a n s a fe l y
en t er in t o a n d wor k wit h in t h e spa ce.
A t t en d a n t m e a n s a n i n d i v i d u a l s t a -
t ion ed ou t side on e or m or e per m it
s p a c e s w h o m o n i t o r s t h e a u t h o r i ze d e n -
t r a n t s a n d w h o p e r fo r m s a l l a t t e n d -
a n t ’s d u t i e s a s s i g n e d i n t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
per m it spa ce pr ogr a m .
A u t h oriz ed en t ra n t m e a n s a n e m -
p l o y e e w h o i s a u t h o r i ze d b y t h e e m -
ploy er t o en t er a per m it spa ce.
B la n k in g or blin d in g m e a n s t h e a b s o -
lu t e closu r e of a pipe, lin e, or du ct by
t h e fa s t e n i n g o f a s o l i d p l a t e (s u c h a s a
spect a cle blin d or a sk illet blin d) t h a t
com plet ely cover s t h e bor e a n d t h a t is
ca pa ble of wit h st a n din g t h e m a xim u m
pr essu r e of t h e pipe, lin e, or du ct wit h
n o lea k a ge bey on d t h e pla t e.
Con f in ed sp a ce m e a n s a s p a c e t h a t :
(1) I s l a r g e e n o u g h a n d s o c o n fi g u r e d
t h a t a n em ploy ee ca n bodily en t er a n d
p e r fo r m a s s i g n e d w o r k ; a n d
(2) H a s l i m i t e d o r r e s t r i c t e d m e a n s
fo r e n t r y o r e x i t (fo r e x a m p l e , t a n k s ,
vessels, silos, st or a ge bin s, h opper s,
va u lt s, a n d pit s a r e spa ces t h a t m a y
h a v e l i m i t e d m e a n s o f e n t r y .); a n d
(3) I s n o t d e s i g n e d fo r c o n t i n u o u s e m -
ploy ee occu pa n cy .
D ou ble block a n d bleed m e a n s t h e c l o -
su r e of a lin e, du ct , or pipe by closin g
a n d l o c k i n g o r t a g g i n g t w o i n -l i n e
va lves a n d by open in g a n d lock in g or
t a ggin g a dr a in or ven t va lve in t h e
lin e bet ween t h e t wo closed va lves.
E m ergen cy m e a n s a n y o c c u r r e n c e (i n -
c l u d i n g a n y fa i l u r e o f h a za r d c o n t r o l o r
m on it or in g equ ipm en t ) or even t in t er -
n a l or ext er n a l t o t h e per m it spa ce
t h a t cou ld en da n ger en t r a n t s.
E n gu lf m en t m e a n s t h e s u r r o u n d i n g
a n d e ffe c t i v e c a p t u r e o f a p e r s o n b y a
l i q u i d o r fi n e l y d i v i d e d (fl o w a b l e ) s o l i d
su bst a n ce t h a t ca n be a spir a t ed t o
c a u s e d e a t h b y fi l l i n g o r p l u g g i n g t h e
r espir a t or y sy st em or t h a t ca n exer t
e n o u g h fo r c e o n t h e b o d y t o c a u s e
dea t h by st r a n gu la t ion , con st r ict ion ,
or cr u sh in g.
E n t ry m e a n s t h e a c t i o n b y w h i c h a
per son pa sses t h r ou gh a n open in g in t o
a p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d spa ce.
E n t r y in clu des en su in g wor k a ct ivit ies
in t h a t spa ce a n d is con sider ed t o h a ve
occu r r ed a s soon a s a n y pa r t of t h e en -
t r a n t ’s b o d y b r e a k s t h e p l a n e o f a n
open in g in t o t h e spa ce.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
E n t ry p erm it (p e r m i t ) m e a n s t h e w r i t -
t en or pr in t ed docu m en t t h a t is pr o-
vided by t h e em ploy er t o a llow a n d
con t r ol en t r y in t o a per m it spa ce a n d
t h a t c o n t a i n s t h e i n fo r m a t i o n s p e c i fi e d
i n p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
E n t ry su p erv isor m e a n s t h e p e r s o n
(s u c h a s t h e e m p l o y e r , fo r e m a n , o r
c r e w c h i e f) r e s p o n s i b l e fo r d e t e r m i n i n g
if a ccept a ble en t r y con dit ion s a r e
pr esen t a t a per m it spa ce wh er e en t r y
i s p l a n n e d , fo r a u t h o r i zi n g e n t r y a n d
o v e r s e e i n g e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s , a n d fo r
t er m in a t in g en t r y a s r equ ir ed by t h is
sect ion .
N OT E : A n e n t r y s u p e r v i s o r a l s o m a y s e r v e
a s a n a t t e n d a n t o r a s a n a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t ,
a s lon g a s t h a t per son is t r a in ed a n d
e q u i p p e d a s r e q u i r e d b y t h i s s e c t i o n fo r e a c h
r o l e h e o r s h e fi l l s . A l s o , t h e d u t i e s o f e n t r y
s u p e r v i s o r m a y b e p a s s e d fr o m o n e i n d i -
vidu a l t o a n ot h er du r in g t h e cou r se of a n
en t r y oper a t ion .
H a z a rd ou s a t m osp h ere m e a n s a n a t -
m osph er e t h a t m a y expose em ploy ees
t o t h e r isk of dea t h , in ca pa cit a t ion ,
i m p a i r m e n t o f a b i l i t y t o s e l f-r e s c u e
(t h a t i s , e s c a p e u n a i d e d fr o m a p e r m i t
s p a c e ), i n j u r y , o r a c u t e i l l n e s s fr o m o n e
o r m o r e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c a u s e s :
(1) F l a m m a b l e g a s , v a p o r , o r m i s t i n
e x c e s s o f 10 p e r c e n t o f i t s l o w e r fl a m -
m a b l e l i m i t (L F L );
(2) A i r b o r n e c o m b u s t i b l e d u s t a t a
con cen t r a t ion t h a t m eet s or exceeds it s
LF L;
N OT E : T h i s c o n c e n t r a t i o n m a y b e a p p r o x i -
m a t ed a s a con dit ion in wh ich t h e du st ob-
s c u r e s v i s i o n a t a d i s t a n c e o f 5 fe e t (1.52 m )
or less.
(3) A t m o s p h e r i c o x y g e n c o n c e n t r a -
t i o n b e l o w 19.5 p e r c e n t o r a b o v e 23.5
per cen t ;
(4) A t m o s p h e r i c c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a n y
s u b s t a n c e fo r w h i c h a d o s e o r a p e r m i s -
sible exposu r e lim it is pu blish ed in
S u b p a r t G , O ccu p a t ion a l H ea lt h a n d E n -
v iron m en t a l Con t rol, o r i n S u b p a r t Z ,
T ox ic a n d H a z a rd ou s S u bst a n ces, o f t h i s
pa r t a n d wh ich cou ld r esu lt in em -
ploy ee exposu r e in excess of it s dose or
per m issible exposu r e lim it ;
N OT E : A n a t m o s p h e r i c c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f
a n y su bst a n ce t h a t is n ot ca pa ble of ca u sin g
dea t h , in ca pa cit a t ion , im pa ir m en t of a bilit y
t o s e l f-r e s c u e , i n j u r y , o r a c u t e i l l n e s s d u e t o
i t s h e a l t h e ffe c t s i s n o t c o v e r e d b y t h i s p r o -
vision .
(5) A n y o t h e r a t m o s p h e r i c c o n d i t i o n
t h a t i s i m m e d i a t e l y d a n g e r o u s t o l i fe
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
or h ea lt h .
463
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00473 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
N OT E : F o r a i r c o n t a m i n a n t s fo r w h i c h
OS H A h a s n o t d e t e r m i n e d a d o s e o r p e r m i s -
s i b l e e x p o s u r e l i m i t , o t h e r s o u r c e s o f i n fo r -
m a t i o n , s u c h a s M a t e r i a l S a fe t y D a t a S h e e t s
t h a t c o m p l y w i t h t h e H a za r d Co m m u n i c a -
t i o n S t a n d a r d , § 1910.1200 o f t h i s p a r t , p u b -
l i s h e d i n fo r m a t i o n , a n d i n t e r n a l d o c u m e n t s
ca n pr ovide gu ida n ce in est a blish in g a ccept -
a ble a t m osph er ic con dit ion s.
H ot w ork p erm it m e a n s t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
w r i t t e n a u t h o r i za t i o n t o p e r fo r m o p e r -
a t i o n s (fo r e x a m p l e , r i v e t i n g , w e l d i n g ,
cu t t in g, bu r n in g, a n d h ea t in g) ca pa ble
of pr ovidin g a sou r ce of ign it ion .
I m m ed ia t ely d a n gerou s t o lif e or h ea lt h
(I D L H ) m e a n s a n y c o n d i t i o n t h a t p o s e s
a n i m m e d i a t e o r d e l a y e d t h r e a t t o l i fe
or t h a t wou ld ca u se ir r ever sible a d-
v e r s e h e a l t h e ffe c t s o r t h a t w o u l d
i n t e r fe r e w i t h a n i n d i v i d u a l ’s a b i l i t y t o
e s c a p e u n a i d e d fr o m a p e r m i t s p a c e .
N OT E : S o m e m a t e r i a l s —h y d r o g e n fl u o r i d e
g a s a n d c a d m i u m v a p o r , fo r e x a m p l e —m a y
p r o d u c e i m m e d i a t e t r a n s i e n t e ffe c t s t h a t ,
even if sever e, m a y pa ss wit h ou t m edica l a t -
t e n t i o n , b u t a r e fo l l o w e d b y s u d d e n , p o s s i b l y
fa t a l c o l l a p s e 12–72 h o u r s a ft e r e x p o s u r e . T h e
v i c t i m ‘‘fe e l s n o r m a l ’’ fr o m r e c o v e r y fr o m
t r a n s i e n t e ffe c t s u n t i l c o l l a p s e . S u c h m a t e -
r i a l s i n h a za r d o u s q u a n t i t i e s a r e c o n s i d e r e d
t o b e ‘‘i m m e d i a t e l y ’’ d a n g e r o u s t o l i fe o r
h ea lt h .
I n ert in g m e a n s t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f
t h e a t m osph er e in a per m it spa ce by a
n o n c o m b u s t i b l e g a s (s u c h a s n i t r o g e n )
t o su ch a n ext en t t h a t t h e r esu lt in g a t -
m osph er e is n on com bu st ible.
N OT E : T h i s p r o c e d u r e p r o d u c e s a n I D L H o x -
y g e n -d e fi c i e n t a t m o s p h e r e .
I sola t ion m e a n s t h e p r o c e s s b y w h i c h
a p e r m i t s p a c e i s r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e
a n d com plet ely pr ot ect ed a ga in st t h e
r elea se of en er gy a n d m a t er ia l in t o t h e
spa ce by su ch m ea n s a s: bla n k in g or
blin din g; m isa lign in g or r em ovin g sec-
t ion s of lin es, pipes, or du ct s; a dou ble
block a n d bleed sy st em ; lock ou t or
t a gou t of a ll sou r ces of en er gy ; or
block in g or discon n ect in g a ll m ech a n -
ica l lin k a ges.
L in e brea k in g m e a n s t h e i n t e n t i o n a l
open in g of a pipe, lin e, or du ct t h a t is
o r h a s b e e n c a r r y i n g fl a m m a b l e , c o r r o -
sive, or t oxic m a t er ia l, a n in er t ga s, or
a n y fl u i d a t a v o l u m e , p r e s s u r e , o r t e m -
per a t u r e ca pa ble of ca u sin g in ju r y .
N on -p erm it con f in ed sp a ce m e a n s a
c o n fi n e d s p a c e t h a t d o e s n o t c o n t a i n
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
o r , w i t h r e s p e c t t o a t m o s p h e r i c h a z-
a r ds, h a ve t h e pot en t ia l t o con t a in a n y
h a za r d c a p a b l e o f c a u s i n g d e a t h o r s e r i -
ou s ph y sica l h a r m .
O x y gen d ef icien t a t m osp h ere m e a n s a n
a t m o s p h e r e c o n t a i n i n g l e s s t h a n 19.5
per cen t oxy gen by volu m e.
O x y gen en rich ed a t m osp h ere m e a n s a n
a t m o s p h e r e c o n t a i n i n g m o r e t h a n 23.5
per cen t oxy gen by volu m e.
P erm it -requ ired con f in ed sp a ce (p e r m i t
s p a c e ) m e a n s a c o n fi n e d s p a c e t h a t h a s
o n e o r m o r e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r -
ist ics:
(1) Co n t a i n s o r h a s a p o t e n t i a l t o
c o n t a i n a h a za r d o u s a t m o s p h e r e ;
(2) Co n t a i n s a m a t e r i a l t h a t h a s t h e
p o t e n t i a l fo r e n g u l fi n g a n e n t r a n t ;
(3) H a s a n i n t e r n a l c o n fi g u r a t i o n
su ch t h a t a n en t r a n t cou ld be t r a pped
or a sph y xia t ed by in wa r dly con ver gin g
w a l l s o r b y a fl o o r w h i c h s l o p e s d o w n -
wa r d a n d t a per s t o a sm a ller cr oss- sec-
t ion ; or
(4) Co n t a i n s a n y o t h e r r e c o g n i ze d s e -
r i o u s s a fe t y o r h e a l t h h a za r d .
P erm it -requ ired con f in ed sp a ce p rogra m
(p e r m i t s p a c e p r o g r a m ) m e a n s t h e e m -
p l o y e r ’s o v e r a l l p r o g r a m fo r c o n t r o l -
l i n g , a n d , w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e , fo r p r o -
t e c t i n g e m p l o y e e s fr o m , p e r m i t s p a c e
h a za r d s a n d fo r r e g u l a t i n g e m p l o y e e
en t r y in t o per m it spa ces.
P erm it sy st em m e a n s t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
w r i t t e n p r o c e d u r e fo r p r e p a r i n g a n d
i s s u i n g p e r m i t s fo r e n t r y a n d fo r r e -
t u r n i n g t h e p e r m i t s p a c e t o s e r v i c e fo l -
lowin g t er m in a t ion of en t r y .
P roh ibit ed con d it ion m e a n s a n y c o n d i -
t ion in a per m it spa ce t h a t is n ot a l-
lowed by t h e per m it du r in g t h e per iod
w h e n e n t r y i s a u t h o r i ze d .
R escu e serv ice m e a n s t h e p e r s o n n e l
d e s i g n a t e d t o r e s c u e e m p l o y e e s fr o m
per m it spa ces.
R et riev a l sy st em m e a n s t h e e q u i p m e n t
(i n c l u d i n g a r e t r i e v a l l i n e , c h e s t o r
fu l l -b o d y h a r n e s s , w r i s t l e t s , i f a p p r o -
p r i a t e , a n d a l i ft i n g d e v i c e o r a n c h o r )
u s e d fo r n o n -e n t r y r e s c u e o f p e r s o n s
fr o m p e r m i t s p a c e s .
T est in g m e a n s t h e p r o c e s s b y w h i c h
t h e h a za r d s t h a t m a y c o n fr o n t e n t r a n t s
o f a p e r m i t s p a c e a r e i d e n t i fi e d a n d
e v a l u a t e d . T e s t i n g i n c l u d e s s p e c i fy i n g
t h e t e s t s t h a t a r e t o b e p e r fo r m e d i n
t h e per m it spa ce.
N OT E : T e s t i n g e n a b l e s e m p l o y e r s b o t h t o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
devise a n d im plem en t a dequ a t e con t r ol
464
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00474 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
m e a s u r e s fo r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f a u t h o r i ze d e n -
t r a n t s a n d t o det er m in e if a ccept a ble en t r y
con dit ion s a r e pr esen t im m edia t ely pr ior t o,
a n d du r in g, en t r y .
(c ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (1) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll eva lu a t e t h e wor k pla ce t o
det er m in e if a n y spa ces a r e per m it - r e-
q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e s .
N OT E : P r o p e r a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e d e c i s i o n
fl o w c h a r t i n a p p e n d i x A t o § 1910.146 w o u l d
fa c i l i t a t e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t .
(2) I f t h e w o r k p l a c e c o n t a i n s p e r m i t
s p a c e s , t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i n fo r m e x -
posed em ploy ees, by post in g da n ger
s i g n s o r b y a n y o t h e r e q u a l l y e ffe c t i v e
m ea n s, of t h e exist en ce a n d loca t ion of
a n d t h e da n ger posed by t h e per m it
spa ces.
N OT E : A s i g n r e a d i n g ‘‘D A N G E R —P E R M I T -
R E QU I R E D CON F I N E D S P A CE , D O N OT
E N T E R ’’ o r u s i n g o t h e r s i m i l a r l a n g u a g e
w o u l d s a t i s fy t h e r e q u i r e m e n t fo r a s i g n .
(3) I f t h e e m p l o y e r d e c i d e s t h a t i t s
em ploy ees will n ot en t er per m it
s p a c e s , t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l t a k e e ffe c -
t ive m ea su r es t o pr even t it s em ploy ees
fr o m e n t e r i n g t h e p e r m i t s p a c e s a n d
s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (c )(1),
(c )(2), (c )(6), a n d (c )(8) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(4) I f t h e e m p l o y e r d e c i d e s t h a t i t s
em ploy ees will en t er per m it spa ces, t h e
em ploy er sh a ll develop a n d im plem en t
a wr it t en per m it spa ce pr ogr a m t h a t
com plies wit h t h is sect ion . T h e wr it t en
p r o g r a m s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c -
t i o n b y e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r a u t h o r i ze d
r epr esen t a t ives.
(5) A n e m p l o y e r m a y u s e t h e a l t e r -
n a t e p r o c e d u r e s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h
(c )(5)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n fo r e n t e r i n g a
per m it spa ce u n der t h e con dit ion s set
fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion .
(i ) A n e m p l o y e r w h o s e e m p l o y e e s
en t er a per m it spa ce n eed n ot com ply
w i t h p a r a g r a p h s (d ) t h r o u g h (f) a n d (h )
t h r o u g h (k ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , p r o v i d e d
t hat :
(A ) T h e e m p l o y e r c a n d e m o n s t r a t e
t h a t t h e o n l y h a za r d p o s e d b y t h e p e r -
m i t s p a c e i s a n a c t u a l o r p o t e n t i a l h a z-
a r dou s a t m osph er e;
(B ) T h e e m p l o y e r c a n d e m o n s t r a t e
t h a t c o n t i n u o u s fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n
a l o n e i s s u ffi c i e n t t o m a i n t a i n t h a t
p e r m i t s p a c e s a fe fo r e n t r y ;
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(C) T h e e m p l o y e r d e v e l o p s m o n i -
t or in g a n d in spect ion da t a t h a t su p-
por t s t h e dem on st r a t ion s r equ ir ed by
p a r a g r a p h s (c )(5)(i )(A ) a n d (c )(5)(i )(B ) o f
t h is sect ion ;
(D ) I f a n i n i t i a l e n t r y o f t h e p e r m i t
spa ce is n ecessa r y t o obt a in t h e da t a
r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(i )(C) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e e n t r y i s p e r fo r m e d i n
com plia n ce wit h pa r a gr a ph s (d )
t h r o u g h (k ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(E ) T h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s a n d s u p -
por t in g da t a r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph s
(c )(5)(i )(A ), (c )(5)(i )(B ), a n d (c )(5)(i )(C)
of t h is sect ion a r e docu m en t ed by t h e
em ploy er a n d a r e m a de a va ila ble t o
ea ch em ploy ee wh o en t er s t h e per m it
spa ce u n der t h e t er m s of pa r a gr a ph
(c )(5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n o r t o t h a t e m p l o y -
e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ; a n d
(F ) E n t r y i n t o t h e p e r m i t s p a c e
u n d e r t h e t e r m s o f p a r a g r a p h (c )(5)(i )
o f t h i s s e c t i o n i s p e r fo r m e d i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a -
g r a p h (c )(5)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
N OT E : S e e p a r a g r a p h (c )(7) o f t h i s s e c t i o n
fo r r e c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f a p e r m i t s p a c e a ft e r
a l l h a za r d s w i t h i n t h e s p a c e h a v e b e e n e l i m i -
n a t ed.
(i i ) T h e fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y
t o en t r y in t o per m it spa ces t h a t m eet
t h e c o n d i t i o n s s e t fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h
(c )(5)(i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(A ) A n y c o n d i t i o n s m a k i n g i t u n s a fe
t o r em ove a n en t r a n ce cover sh a ll be
e l i m i n a t e d b e fo r e t h e c o v e r i s r e m o v e d .
(B ) Wh e n e n t r a n c e c o v e r s a r e r e -
m oved, t h e open in g sh a ll be pr om pt ly
gu a r ded by a r a ilin g, t em por a r y cover ,
or ot h er t em por a r y ba r r ier t h a t will
p r e v e n t a n a c c i d e n t a l fa l l t h r o u g h t h e
open in g a n d t h a t will pr ot ect ea ch em -
p l o y e e w o r k i n g i n t h e s p a c e fr o m fo r -
eign object s en t er in g t h e spa ce.
(C) B e fo r e a n e m p l o y e e e n t e r s t h e
spa ce, t h e in t er n a l a t m osph er e sh a ll be
t e s t e d , w i t h a c a l i b r a t e d d i r e c t -r e a d i n g
i n s t r u m e n t , fo r o x y g e n c o n t e n t , fo r
fl a m m a b l e g a s e s a n d v a p o r s , a n d fo r
pot en t ia l t oxic a ir con t a m in a n t s, in
t h a t or der . An y em ploy ee wh o en t er s
t h e s p a c e , o r t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r -
i ze d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
a n oppor t u n it y t o obser ve t h e pr e-
en t r y t est in g r equ ir ed by t h is pa r a -
gr a ph .
(D ) T h e r e m a y b e n o h a za r d o u s a t -
m osph er e wit h in t h e spa ce wh en ever
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a n y em ploy ee is in side t h e spa ce.
465
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00475 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
(E ) Co n t i n u o u s fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n
s h a l l b e u s e d , a s fo l l o w s :
(1) A n e m p l o y e e m a y n o t e n t e r t h e
s p a c e u n t i l t h e fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n
h a s e l i m i n a t e d a n y h a za r d o u s a t m o s -
ph er e;
(2) T h e fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e
so dir ect ed a s t o ven t ila t e t h e im m e-
dia t e a r ea s wh er e a n em ploy ee is or
will be pr esen t wit h in t h e spa ce a n d
sh a ll con t in u e u n t il a ll em ploy ees h a ve
l e ft t h e s p a c e ;
(3) T h e a i r s u p p l y fo r t h e fo r c e d a i r
v e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e fr o m a c l e a n
s o u r c e a n d m a y n o t i n c r e a s e t h e h a z-
a r ds in t h e spa ce.
(F ) T h e a t m o s p h e r e w i t h i n t h e s p a c e
sh a ll be per iodica lly t est ed a s n ec-
essa r y t o en su r e t h a t t h e con t in u ou s
fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n i s p r e v e n t i n g t h e
a c c u m u l a t i o n o f a h a za r d o u s a t m o s -
ph er e. An y em ploy ee wh o en t er s t h e
s p a c e , o r t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d
r epr esen t a t ive, sh a ll be pr ovided wit h
a n oppor t u n it y t o obser ve t h e per iodic
t est in g r equ ir ed by t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(G ) I f a h a za r d o u s a t m o s p h e r e i s d e -
t ect ed du r in g en t r y :
(1) E a c h e m p l o y e e s h a l l l e a v e t h e
spa ce im m edia t ely ;
(2) T h e s p a c e s h a l l b e e v a l u a t e d t o
d e t e r m i n e h o w t h e h a za r d o u s a t m o s -
ph er e developed; a n d
(3) M e a s u r e s s h a l l b e i m p l e m e n t e d t o
p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e h a za r d o u s
a t m o s p h e r e b e fo r e a n y s u b s e q u e n t
en t r y t a k es pla ce.
(H ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l v e r i fy t h a t
t h e s p a c e i s s a fe fo r e n t r y a n d t h a t t h e
p r e -e n t r y m e a s u r e s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a -
g r a p h (c )(5)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n h a v e b e e n
t a k e n , t h r o u g h a w r i t t e n c e r t i fi c a t i o n
t h a t con t a in s t h e da t e, t h e loca t ion of
t h e spa ce, a n d t h e sign a t u r e of t h e per -
s o n p r o v i d i n g t h e c e r t i fi c a t i o n . T h e
c e r t i fi c a t i o n s h a l l b e m a d e b e fo r e
en t r y a n d sh a ll be m a de a va ila ble t o
ea ch em ploy ee en t er in g t h e spa ce or t o
t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d r e p r e s e n t a -
t ive .
(6) Wh e n t h e r e a r e c h a n g e s i n t h e u s e
o r c o n fi g u r a t i o n o f a n o n -p e r m i t c o n -
fi n e d s p a c e t h a t m i g h t i n c r e a s e t h e
h a za r d s t o e n t r a n t s , t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
r eeva lu a t e t h a t spa ce a n d, if n ecessa r y ,
r e c l a s s i fy i t a s a p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n -
fi n e d s p a c e .
(7) A s p a c e c l a s s i fi e d b y t h e e m p l o y e r
a s a p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
m a y b e r e c l a s s i fi e d a s a n o n -p e r m i t
c o n fi n e d s p a c e u n d e r t h e fo l l o w i n g p r o -
cedu r es:
(i ) I f t h e p e r m i t s p a c e p o s e s n o a c t u a l
o r p o t e n t i a l a t m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s a n d i f
a l l h a za r d s w i t h i n t h e s p a c e a r e e l i m i -
n a t ed wit h ou t en t r y in t o t h e spa ce, t h e
p e r m i t s p a c e m a y b e r e c l a s s i fi e d a s a
n o n -p e r m i t c o n fi n e d s p a c e fo r a s l o n g
a s t h e n o n -a t m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s r e m a i n
elim in a t ed.
(i i ) I f i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o e n t e r t h e p e r -
m i t s p a c e t o e l i m i n a t e h a za r d s , s u c h
e n t r y s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d u n d e r p a r a -
g r a p h s (d ) t h r o u g h (k ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
If t est in g a n d in spect ion du r in g t h a t
e n t r y d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e h a za r d s
wit h in t h e per m it spa ce h a ve been
elim in a t ed, t h e per m it spa ce m a y be
r e c l a s s i fi e d a s a n o n -p e r m i t c o n fi n e d
s p a c e fo r a s l o n g a s t h e h a za r d s r e m a i n
elim in a t ed.
N OT E : Co n t r o l o f a t m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s
t h r o u g h fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n d o e s n o t c o n -
s t i t u t e e l i m i n a t i o n o f t h e h a za r d s . P a r a -
g r a p h (c )(5) c o v e r s p e r m i t s p a c e e n t r y w h e r e
t h e e m p l o y e r c a n d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t fo r c e d
a i r v e n t i l a t i o n a l o n e w i l l c o n t r o l a l l h a za r d s
in t h e spa ce.
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d o c u m e n t
t h e b a s i s fo r d e t e r m i n i n g t h a t a l l h a z-
a r ds in a per m it spa ce h a ve been elim i-
n a t e d , t h r o u g h a c e r t i fi c a t i o n t h a t c o n -
t a in s t h e da t e, t h e loca t ion of t h e
spa ce, a n d t h e sign a t u r e of t h e per son
m a k i n g t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n . T h e c e r t i fi -
ca t ion sh a ll be m a de a va ila ble t o ea ch
em ploy ee en t er in g t h e spa ce or t o t h a t
e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e .
(i v ) I f h a za r d s a r i s e w i t h i n a p e r m i t
s p a c e t h a t h a s b e e n d e c l a s s i fi e d t o a
n o n -p e r m i t spa ce u n der pa r a gr a ph
(c )(7) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , e a c h e m p l o y e e i n
t h e spa ce sh a ll exit t h e spa ce. T h e em -
ploy er sh a ll t h en r eeva lu a t e t h e spa ce
a n d det er m in e wh et h er it m u st be r e-
c l a s s i fi e d a s a p e r m i t s p a c e , i n a c c o r d -
a n ce wit h ot h er a pplica ble pr ovision s
of t h is sect ion .
(8) Wh e n a n e m p l o y e r (h o s t e m -
ploy er ) a r r a n ges t o h a ve em ploy ees of
a n o t h e r e m p l o y e r (c o n t r a c t o r ) p e r fo r m
wor k t h a t in volves per m it spa ce en t r y ,
t h e h ost em ploy er sh a ll:
(i ) I n fo r m t h e c o n t r a c t o r t h a t t h e
wor k pla ce con t a in s per m it spa ces a n d
t h a t per m it spa ce en t r y is a llowed on ly
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h r ou gh com plia n ce wit h a per m it
466
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00476 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
spa ce pr ogr a m m eet in g t h e r equ ir e-
m en t s of t h is sect ion ;
(i i ) A p p r i s e t h e c o n t r a c t o r o f t h e e l e -
m e n t s , i n c l u d i n g t h e h a za r d s i d e n t i fi e d
a n d t h e h o s t e m p l o y e r ’s e x p e r i e n c e
wit h t h e spa ce, t h a t m a k e t h e spa ce in
qu est ion a per m it spa ce;
(i i i ) A p p r i s e t h e c o n t r a c t o r o f a n y
pr eca u t ion s or pr ocedu r es t h a t t h e h ost
e m p l o y e r h a s i m p l e m e n t e d fo r t h e p r o -
t ect ion of em ploy ees in or n ea r per m it
spa ces wh er e con t r a ct or per son n el will
be wor k in g;
(i v ) Co o r d i n a t e e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s w i t h
t h e con t r a ct or , wh en bot h h ost em -
ploy er per son n el a n d con t r a ct or per -
son n el will be wor k in g in or n ea r per -
m it spa ces, a s r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(d )(11) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ; a n d
(v ) D e b r i e f t h e c o n t r a c t o r a t t h e c o n -
clu sion of t h e en t r y oper a t ion s r ega r d-
i n g t h e p e r m i t s p a c e p r o g r a m fo l l o w e d
a n d r e g a r d i n g a n y h a za r d s c o n fr o n t e d
or cr ea t ed in per m it spa ces du r in g
en t r y oper a t ion s.
(9) I n a d d i t i o n t o c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e
per m it spa ce r equ ir em en t s t h a t a pply
t o a ll em ploy er s, ea ch con t r a ct or wh o
i s r e t a i n e d t o p e r fo r m p e r m i t s p a c e
en t r y oper a t ion s sh a ll:
(i ) Ob t a i n a n y a v a i l a b l e i n fo r m a t i o n
r e g a r d i n g p e r m i t s p a c e h a za r d s a n d
e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s fr o m t h e h o s t e m -
ploy er ;
(i i ) Co o r d i n a t e e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s w i t h
t h e h ost em ploy er , wh en bot h h ost em -
ploy er per son n el a n d con t r a ct or per -
son n el will be wor k in g in or n ea r per -
m it spa ces, a s r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(d )(11) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ; a n d
(i i i ) I n fo r m t h e h o s t e m p l o y e r o f t h e
per m it spa ce pr ogr a m t h a t t h e con -
t r a c t o r w i l l fo l l o w a n d o f a n y h a za r d s
c o n fr o n t e d o r c r e a t e d i n p e r m i t s p a c e s ,
e i t h e r t h r o u g h a d e b r i e fi n g o r d u r i n g
t h e en t r y oper a t ion .
(d ) P erm it -requ ired con f in ed sp a ce p ro-
gra m (p e r m i t s p a c e p r o g r a m ). U n d e r
t h e per m it spa ce pr ogr a m r equ ir ed by
p a r a g r a p h (c )(4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll:
(1) I m p l e m e n t t h e m e a s u r e s n e c -
e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t u n a u t h o r i ze d e n t r y ;
(2) I d e n t i fy a n d e v a l u a t e t h e h a za r d s
o f p e r m i t s p a c e s b e fo r e e m p l o y e e s
en t er t h em ;
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(3) D e v e l o p a n d i m p l e m e n t t he
m ea n s, pr ocedu r es, a n d pr a ct ices n ec-
e s s a r y fo r s a fe p e r m i t s p a c e e n t r y o p e r -
a t ion s, in clu din g, bu t n ot lim it ed t o,
t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) S p e c i fy i n g a c c e p t a b l e e n t r y c o n d i -
t ion s;
(i i ) P r o v i d i n g e a c h a u t h o r i ze d e n -
t r a n t o r t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d
r epr esen t a t ive wit h t h e oppor t u n it y t o
obser ve a n y m on it or in g or t est in g of
per m it spa ces;
(i i i ) I s o l a t i n g t h e p e r m i t s p a c e ;
(i v ) P u r g i n g , i n e r t i n g , fl u s h i n g , o r
ven t ila t in g t h e per m it spa ce a s n ec-
essa r y t o elim in a t e or con t r ol a t m os-
p h e r i c h a za r d s ;
(v ) P r o v i d i n g p e d e s t r i a n , v e h i c l e , o r
ot h er ba r r ier s a s n ecessa r y t o pr ot ect
e n t r a n t s fr o m e x t e r n a l h a za r d s ; a n d
(v i ) V e r i fy i n g t h a t c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e
p e r m i t s p a c e a r e a c c e p t a b l e fo r e n t r y
t h r ou gh ou t t h e du r a t ion of a n a u t h or -
i ze d e n t r y .
(4) P r o v i d e t h e fo l l o w i n g e q u i p m e n t
(s p e c i fi e d in pa r a gr a ph s (d )(4)(i )
t h r o u g h (d )(4)(i x ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ) a t n o
cost t o em ploy ees, m a in t a in t h a t
equ ipm en t pr oper ly , a n d en su r e t h a t
em ploy ees u se t h a t equ ipm en t pr op-
er ly :
(i ) T e s t i n g a n d m o n i t o r i n g e q u i p m e n t
n e e d e d t o c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (d )(5)
of t h is sect ion ;
(i i ) V e n t i l a t i n g e q u i p m e n t n e e d e d t o
obt a in a ccept a ble en t r y con dit ion s;
(i i i ) Co m m u n i c a t i o n s e q u i p m e n t n e c -
e s s a r y fo r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h s
(h )(3) a n d (i )(5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i v ) P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t
i n s o fa r a s fe a s i b l e e n g i n e e r i n g a n d
wor k pr a ct ice con t r ols do n ot a de-
qu a t ely pr ot ect em ploy ees;
(v ) L i g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t n e e d e d t o e n -
a ble em ploy ees t o see well en ou gh t o
w o r k s a fe l y a n d t o e x i t t h e s p a c e
qu ick ly in a n em er gen cy ;
(v i ) B a r r i e r s a n d s h i e l d s a s r e q u i r e d
b y p a r a g r a p h (d )(3)(i v ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(v i i ) E q u i p m e n t , s u c h a s l a d d e r s ,
n e e d e d fo r s a fe i n g r e s s a n d e g r e s s b y
a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s ;
(v i i i ) R e s c u e a n d e m e r g e n c y e q u i p -
m en t n eeded t o com ply wit h pa r a gr a ph
(d )(9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , e x c e p t t o t h e e x -
t en t t h a t t h e equ ipm en t is pr ovided by
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
r escu e ser vices; a n d
467
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00477 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
(i x ) A n y o t h e r e q u i p m e n t n e c e s s a r y
fo r s a fe e n t r y i n t o a n d r e s c u e fr o m p e r -
m it spa ces.
(5) E v a l u a t e p e r m i t s p a c e c o n d i t i o n s
a s fo l l o w s w h e n e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s a r e
con du ct ed:
(i ) T e s t c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e p e r m i t
spa ce t o det er m in e if a ccept a ble en t r y
c o n d i t i o n s e x i s t b e fo r e e n t r y i s a u t h o r -
i ze d t o b e g i n , e x c e p t t h a t , i f i s o l a t i o n
o f t h e s p a c e i s i n fe a s i b l e b e c a u s e t h e
spa ce is la r ge or is pa r t of a con t in u ou s
s y s t e m (s u c h a s a s e w e r ), p r e -e n t r y
t e s t i n g s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d t o t h e e x -
t e n t fe a s i b l e b e fo r e e n t r y i s a u t h o r i ze d
a n d , i f e n t r y i s a u t h o r i ze d , e n t r y c o n d i -
t ion s sh a ll be con t in u ou sly m on it or ed
i n t h e a r e a s w h e r e a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s
a r e wor k in g;
(i i ) T e s t o r m o n i t o r t h e p e r m i t s p a c e
a s n ecessa r y t o det er m in e if a ccept a ble
en t r y con dit ion s a r e bein g m a in t a in ed
du r in g t h e cou r se of en t r y oper a t ion s;
and
(i i i ) Wh e n t e s t i n g fo r a t m o s p h e r i c
h a za r d s , t e s t fi r s t fo r o x y g e n , t h e n fo r
com bu st ible ga ses a n d va por s, a n d t h en
fo r t o x i c g a s e s a n d v a p o r s .
(i v ) P r o v i d e e a c h a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t
o r t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d r e p -
r esen t a t ive a n oppor t u n it y t o obser ve
t h e p r e -e n t r y a n d a n y s u b s e q u e n t t e s t -
in g or m on it or in g of per m it spa ces;
(v ) R e e v a l u a t e t h e p e r m i t s p a c e i n
t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n y a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t
o r t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u t h o r i ze d r e p -
r esen t a t ive wh o r equ est s t h a t t h e em -
ploy er con du ct su ch r eeva lu a t ion be-
ca u se t h e en t r a n t or r epr esen t a t ive h a s
r ea son t o believe t h a t t h e eva lu a t ion of
t h a t spa ce m a y n ot h a ve been a de-
qu a t e;
(v i ) I m m e d i a t e l y p r o v i d e e a c h a u -
t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t o r t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s a u -
t h o r i ze d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e w i t h t h e r e -
su lt s of a n y t est in g con du ct ed in a c-
c o r d w i t h p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
N OT E : A t m o s p h e r i c t e s t i n g c o n d u c t e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h a p p e n d i x B t o § 1910.146
w o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s s a t i s fy i n g t h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph . F or per m it
spa ce oper a t ion s in sewer s, a t m osph er ic t est -
in g con du ct ed in a ccor da n ce wit h a ppen dix
B, a s su pplem en t ed by a ppen dix E t o
§ 1910.146, w o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s s a t i s fy i n g
t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is pa r a gr a ph .
(6) P r o v i d e a t l e a s t o n e a t t e n d a n t
ou t side t h e per m it spa ce in t o wh ich
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
e n t r y i s a u t h o r i ze d fo r t h e d u r a t i o n o f
en t r y oper a t ion s;
N OT E : A t t e n d a n t s m a y b e a s s i g n e d t o m o n -
it or m or e t h a n on e per m it spa ce pr ovided t h e
d u t i e s d e s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h (i ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n c a n b e e ffe c t i v e l y p e r fo r m e d fo r e a c h
per m it spa ce t h a t is m on it or ed. L ik ewise, a t -
t en da n t s m a y be st a t ion ed a t a n y loca t ion
ou t side t h e per m it spa ce t o be m on it or ed a s
l o n g a s t h e d u t i e s d e s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h (i )
o f t h i s s e c t i o n c a n b e e ffe c t i v e l y p e r fo r m e d
fo r e a c h p e r m i t s p a c e t h a t i s m o n i t o r e d .
(7) I f m u l t i p l e s p a c e s a r e t o b e m o n -
it or ed by a sin gle a t t en da n t , in clu de in
t h e per m it pr ogr a m t h e m ea n s a n d pr o-
cedu r es t o en a ble t h e a t t en da n t t o r e-
s p o n d t o a n e m e r g e n c y a ffe c t i n g o n e o r
m or e of t h e per m it spa ces bein g m on -
i t o r e d w i t h o u t d i s t r a c t i o n fr o m t h e a t -
t e n d a n t ’s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s u n d e r p a r a -
g r a p h (i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(8) D e s i g n a t e t h e p e r s o n s w h o a r e t o
h a v e a c t i v e r o l e s (a s , fo r e x a m p l e , a u -
t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s , a t t e n d a n t s , e n t r y
su per visor s, or per son s wh o t est or
m on it or t h e a t m osph er e in a per m it
s p a c e ) i n e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s , i d e n t i fy t h e
du t ies of ea ch su ch em ploy ee, a n d pr o-
vide ea ch su ch em ploy ee wit h t h e
t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (g ) o f
t h is sect ion ;
(9) D e v e l o p a n d i m p l e m e n t p r o c e -
d u r e s fo r s u m m o n i n g r e s c u e a n d e m e r -
g e n c y s e r v i c e s , fo r r e s c u i n g e n t r a n t s
fr o m p e r m i t s p a c e s , fo r p r o v i d i n g n e c -
essa r y em er gen cy ser vices t o r escu ed
e m p l o y e e s , a n d fo r p r e v e n t i n g u n a u -
t h o r i ze d p e r s o n n e l fr o m a t t e m p t i n g a
r escu e;
(10) D e v e l o p a n d i m p l e m e n t a s y s t e m
fo r t h e p r e p a r a t i o n , i s s u a n c e , u s e , a n d
ca n cella t ion of en t r y per m it s a s r e-
qu ir ed by t h is sect ion ;
(11) D e v e l o p a n d i m p l e m e n t p r o c e -
du r es t o coor din a t e en t r y oper a t ion s
wh en em ploy ees of m or e t h a n on e em -
ploy er a r e wor k in g sim u lt a n eou sly a s
a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s i n a p e r m i t s p a c e ,
so t h a t em ploy ees of on e em ploy er do
n ot en da n ger t h e em ploy ees of a n y
ot h er em ploy er ;
(12) D e v e l o p a n d i m p l e m e n t p r o c e -
d u r e s (s u c h a s c l o s i n g o ff a p e r m i t
spa ce a n d ca n celin g t h e per m it ) n ec-
e s s a r y fo r c o n c l u d i n g t h e e n t r y a ft e r
en t r y oper a t ion s h a ve been com plet ed;
(13) R e v i e w e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s w h e n
t h e em ploy er h a s r ea son t o believe t h a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e m ea su r es t a k en u n der t h e per m it
468
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00478 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
spa ce pr ogr a m m a y n ot pr ot ect em -
ploy ees a n d r evise t h e pr ogr a m t o cor -
r e c t d e fi c i e n c i e s fo u n d t o e x i s t b e fo r e
s u b s e q u e n t e n t r i e s a r e a u t h o r i ze d ; a n d
N OT E : E x a m p l e s o f c i r c u m s t a n c e s r e q u i r i n g
t h e r eview of t h e per m it spa ce pr ogr a m a r e:
a n y u n a u t h o r i ze d e n t r y o f a p e r m i t s p a c e ,
t h e d e t e c t i o n o f a p e r m i t s p a c e h a za r d n o t
cover ed by t h e per m it , t h e det ect ion of a
con dit ion pr oh ibit ed by t h e per m it , t h e oc-
c u r r e n c e o f a n i n j u r y o r n e a r -m i s s d u r i n g
e n t r y , a c h a n g e i n t h e u s e o r c o n fi g u r a t i o n
of a per m it spa ce, a n d em ploy ee com pla in t s
a b o u t t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p r o g r a m .
(14) R e v i e w t h e p e r m i t s p a c e p r o -
gr a m , u sin g t h e ca n celed per m it s r e-
t a i n e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (e )(6) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n w i t h i n 1 y e a r a ft e r e a c h e n t r y
a n d r evise t h e pr ogr a m a s n ecessa r y , t o
en su r e t h a t em ploy ees pa r t icipa t in g in
e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s a r e p r o t e c t e d fr o m
p e r m i t s p a c e h a za r d s .
N OT E : E m p l o y e r s m a y p e r fo r m a s i n g l e a n -
n u a l r e v i e w c o v e r i n g a l l e n t r i e s p e r fo r m e d
d u r i n g a 12-m o n t h p e r i o d . I f n o e n t r y i s p e r -
fo r m e d d u r i n g a 12-m o n t h p e r i o d , n o r e v i e w
is n ecessa r y .
A p p e n d i x C t o § 1910.146 p r e s e n t s e x a m -
ples of per m it spa ce pr ogr a m s t h a t a r e
con sider ed t o com ply wit h t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(e ) P erm it sy st em . (1) B e fo r e e n t r y i s
a u t h o r i ze d , t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d o c u -
m en t t h e com plet ion of m ea su r es r e-
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (d )(3) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion by pr epa r in g a n en t r y per m it .
N OT E : A p p e n d i x D t o § 1910.146 p r e s e n t s e x -
a m ples of per m it s wh ose elem en t s a r e con -
sider ed t o com ply wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of
t h is sect ion .
(2) B e fo r e e n t r y b e g i n s , t h e e n t r y s u -
p e r v i s o r i d e n t i fi e d o n t h e p e r m i t s h a l l
s i g n t h e e n t r y p e r m i t t o a u t h o r i ze
en t r y .
(3) T h e c o m p l e t e d p e r m i t s h a l l b e
m a de a va ila ble a t t h e t im e of en t r y t o
a l l a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s o r t h e i r a u t h o r -
i ze d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , b y p o s t i n g i t a t
t h e en t r y por t a l or by a n y ot h er equ a l-
l y e ffe c t i v e m e a n s , s o t h a t t h e e n t r a n t s
c a n c o n fi r m t h a t p r e -e n t r y p r e p a r a -
t ion s h a ve been com plet ed.
(4) T h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e p e r m i t m a y
n ot exceed t h e t im e r equ ir ed t o com -
plet e t h e a ssign ed t a sk or job iden t i-
fi e d o n t h e p e r m i t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
p a r a g r a p h (f)(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(5) T h e e n t r y s u p e r v i s o r s h a l l t e r m i -
n a t e en t r y a n d ca n cel t h e en t r y per m it
wh en :
(i ) T h e e n t r y o p e r a t i o n s c o v e r e d b y
t h e en t r y per m it h a ve been com plet ed;
or
(i i ) A c o n d i t i o n t h a t i s n o t a l l o w e d
u n der t h e en t r y per m it a r ises in or
n ea r t h e per m it spa ce.
(6) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e t a i n e a c h
c a n c e l e d e n t r y p e r m i t fo r a t l e a s t 1
y e a r t o fa c i l i t a t e t h e r e v i e w o f t h e p e r -
m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e p r o g r a m
r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (d )(14) o f t h i s
sect ion . An y pr oblem s en cou n t er ed
du r in g a n en t r y oper a t ion sh a ll be
n ot ed on t h e per t in en t per m it so t h a t
a ppr opr ia t e r evision s t o t h e per m it
spa ce pr ogr a m ca n be m a de.
(f) E n t ry p erm it . T h e e n t r y p e r m i t
t h a t docu m en t s com plia n ce wit h t h is
s e c t i o n a n d a u t h o r i ze s e n t r y t o a p e r -
m i t s p a c e s h a l l i d e n t i fy :
(1) T h e p e r m i t s p a c e t o b e e n t e r e d ;
(2) T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e e n t r y ;
(3) T h e d a t e a n d t h e a u t h o r i ze d d u r a -
t ion of t h e en t r y per m it ;
(4) T h e a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s w i t h i n
t h e per m it spa ce, by n a m e or by su ch
o t h e r m e a n s (fo r e x a m p l e , t h r o u g h t h e
u se of r ost er s or t r a ck in g sy st em s) a s
will en a ble t h e a t t en da n t t o det er m in e
q u i c k l y a n d a c c u r a t e l y , fo r t h e d u r a -
t i o n o f t h e p e r m i t , w h i c h a u t h o r i ze d
en t r a n t s a r e in side t h e per m it spa ce;
N OT E : T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t m a y b e m e t b y i n -
s e r t i n g a r e fe r e n c e o n t h e e n t r y p e r m i t a s t o
t h e m ea n s u sed, su ch a s a r ost er or t r a ck in g
s y s t e m , t o k e e p t r a c k o f t h e a u t h o r i ze d e n -
t r a n t s wit h in t h e per m it spa ce.
(5) T h e p e r s o n n e l , b y n a m e , c u r r e n t l y
ser vin g a s a t t en da n t s;
(6) T h e i n d i v i d u a l , b y n a m e , c u r -
r en t ly ser vin g a s en t r y su per visor ,
w i t h a s p a c e fo r t h e s i g n a t u r e o r i n i -
t ia ls of t h e en t r y su per visor wh o or igi-
n a l l y a u t h o r i ze d e n t r y ;
(7) T h e h a za r d s o f t h e p e r m i t s p a c e t o
be en t er ed;
(8) T h e m e a s u r e s u s e d t o i s o l a t e t h e
per m it spa ce a n d t o elim in a t e or con -
t r o l p e r m i t s p a c e h a za r d s b e fo r e e n t r y ;
N OT E : T h o s e m e a s u r e s c a n i n c l u d e t h e
lock ou t or t a ggin g of equ ipm en t a n d pr oce-
d u r e s fo r p u r g i n g , i n e r t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g , a n d
fl u s h i n g p e r m i t s p a c e s .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
(9) T h e a c c e p t a b l e e n t r y c o n d i t i o n s ;
469
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00479 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
(10) T h e r e s u l t s o f i n i t i a l a n d p e r i o d i c
t e s t s p e r fo r m e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (d )(5)
of t h is sect ion , a ccom pa n ied by t h e
n a m es or in it ia ls of t h e t est er s a n d by
a n in dica t ion of wh en t h e t est s wer e
p e r fo r m e d ;
(11) T h e r e s c u e a n d e m e r g e n c y s e r v -
ices t h a t ca n be su m m on ed a n d t h e
m e a n s (s u c h a s t h e e q u i p m e n t t o u s e
a n d t h e n u m b e r s t o c a l l ) fo r s u m -
m on in g t h ose ser vices;
(12) T h e c o m m u n i c a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s
u s e d b y a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s a n d a t -
t en da n t s t o m a in t a in con t a ct du r in g
t h e en t r y ;
(13) E q u i p m e n t , s u c h a s p e r s o n a l p r o -
t ect ive equ ipm en t , t est in g equ ipm en t ,
com m u n ica t ion s equ ipm en t , a la r m sy s-
t em s, a n d r escu e equ ipm en t , t o be pr o-
v i d e d fo r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(14) A n y o t h e r i n fo r m a t i o n w h o s e i n -
clu sion is n ecessa r y , given t h e cir -
c u m s t a n c e s o f t h e p a r t i c u l a r c o n fi n e d
spa ce, in or der t o en su r e em ploy ee
s a fe t y ; a n d
(15) A n y a d d i t i o n a l p e r m i t s , s u c h a s
fo r h o t w o r k , t h a t h a v e b e e n i s s u e d t o
a u t h o r i ze w o r k i n t h e p e r m i t s p a c e .
(g ) T ra in in g. (1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
pr ovide t r a in in g so t h a t a ll em ploy ees
wh ose wor k is r egu la t ed by t h is sect ion
a cqu ir e t h e u n der st a n din g, k n owledge,
a n d s k i l l s n e c e s s a r y fo r t h e s a fe p e r -
fo r m a n c e o f t h e d u t i e s a s s i g n e d u n d e r
t h is sect ion .
(2) T r a i n i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o e a c h
a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e :
(i ) B e fo r e t h e e m p l o y e e i s fi r s t a s -
sign ed du t ies u n der t h is sect ion ;
(i i ) B e fo r e t h e r e i s a c h a n g e i n a s -
sign ed du t ies;
(i i i ) Wh e n e v e r t h e r e i s a c h a n g e i n
per m it spa ce oper a t ion s t h a t pr esen t s a
h a za r d a b o u t w h i c h a n e m p l o y e e h a s
n ot pr eviou sly been t r a in ed;
(i v ) Wh e n e v e r t h e e m p l o y e r h a s r e a -
son t o believe eit h er t h a t t h er e a r e de-
v i a t i o n s fr o m t h e p e r m i t s p a c e e n t r y
p r o c e d u r e s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (d )(3)
of t h is sect ion or t h a t t h er e a r e in a d-
e q u a c i e s i n t h e e m p l o y e e ’s k n o w l e d g e
or u se of t h ese pr ocedu r es.
(3) T h e t r a i n i n g s h a l l e s t a b l i s h e m -
p l o y e e p r o fi c i e n c y i n t h e d u t i e s r e -
qu ir ed by t h is sect ion a n d sh a ll in t r o-
du ce n ew or r evised pr ocedu r es, a s n ec-
e s s a r y , fo r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h i s s e c -
t ion .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t
t h e t r a in in g r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph s
(g )(1) t h r o u g h (g )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n h a s
b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d . T h e c e r t i fi c a t i o n
s h a l l c o n t a i n e a c h e m p l o y e e ’s n a m e ,
t h e sign a t u r es or in it ia ls of t h e t r a in -
er s, a n d t h e da t es of t r a in in g. T h e cer -
t i fi c a t i o n s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c -
t i o n b y e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r a u t h o r i ze d
r epr esen t a t ives.
(h ) D u t ies of a u t h oriz ed en t ra n t s. T h e
em ploy er sh a ll en su r e t h a t a ll a u t h or -
i ze d e n t r a n t s :
(1) K n o w t h e h a za r d s t h a t m a y b e
fa c e d d u r i n g e n t r y , i n c l u d i n g i n fo r m a -
t ion on t h e m ode, sign s or sy m pt om s,
a n d con sequ en ces of t h e exposu r e;
(2) P r o p e r l y u s e e q u i p m e n t a s r e -
q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (d )(4) o f t h i s s e c -
t ion ;
(3) Co m m u n i c a t e w i t h t h e a t t e n d a n t
a s n ecessa r y t o en a ble t h e a t t en da n t t o
m on it or en t r a n t st a t u s a n d t o en a ble
t h e a t t en da n t t o a ler t en t r a n t s of t h e
n eed t o eva cu a t e t h e spa ce a s r equ ir ed
b y p a r a g r a p h (i )(6) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(4) A l e r t t h e a t t e n d a n t w h e n e v e r :
(i ) T h e e n t r a n t r e c o g n i ze s a n y w a r n -
in g sign or sy m pt om of exposu r e t o a
da n ger ou s sit u a t ion , or
(i i ) T h e e n t r a n t d e t e c t s a p r o h i b i t e d
con dit ion ; a n d
(5) E x i t fr o m t h e p e r m i t s p a c e a s
qu ick ly a s possible wh en ever :
(i ) A n o r d e r t o e v a c u a t e i s g i v e n b y
t h e a t t en da n t or t h e en t r y su per visor ,
(i i ) T h e e n t r a n t r e c o g n i ze s a n y w a r n -
in g sign or sy m pt om of exposu r e t o a
da n ger ou s sit u a t ion ,
(i i i ) T h e e n t r a n t d e t e c t s a p r o h i b i t e d
con dit ion , or
(i v ) A n e v a c u a t i o n a l a r m i s a c t i -
va t ed.
(i ) D u t ies of a t t en d a n t s. T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll en su r e t h a t ea ch a t t en da n t :
(1) K n o w s t h e h a za r d s t h a t m a y b e
fa c e d d u r i n g e n t r y , i n c l u d i n g i n fo r m a -
t ion on t h e m ode, sign s or sy m pt om s,
a n d con sequ en ces of t h e exposu r e;
(2) I s a w a r e o f p o s s i b l e b e h a v i o r a l e f-
fe c t s o f h a za r d e x p o s u r e i n a u t h o r i ze d
en t r a n t s;
(3) Co n t i n u o u s l y m a i n t a i n s a n a c c u -
r a t e c o u n t o f a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s i n
t h e per m it spa ce a n d en su r es t h a t t h e
m e a n s u s e d t o i d e n t i fy a u t h o r i ze d e n -
t r a n t s u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (f)(4) o f t h i s
s e c t i o n a c c u r a t e l y i d e n t i fi e s w h o i s i n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e per m it spa ce;
470
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00480 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(4) R e m a i n s o u t s i d e t h e p e r m i t s p a c e
du r in g en t r y oper a t ion s u n t il r elieved
by a n ot h er a t t en da n t ;
N OT E : Wh e n t h e e m p l o y e r ’s p e r m i t e n t r y
p r o g r a m a l l o w s a t t e n d a n t e n t r y fo r r e s c u e ,
a t t en da n t s m a y en t er a per m it spa ce t o a t -
t em pt a r escu e if t h ey h a ve been t r a in ed a n d
e q u i p p e d fo r r e s c u e o p e r a t i o n s a s r e q u i r e d b y
p a r a g r a p h (k )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n a n d i f t h e y
h a ve been r elieved a s r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(i )(4) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(5) Co m m u n i c a t e s w i t h a u t h o r i ze d
en t r a n t s a s n ecessa r y t o m on it or en -
t r a n t st a t u s a n d t o a ler t en t r a n t s of
t h e n eed t o eva cu a t e t h e spa ce u n der
p a r a g r a p h (i )(6) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(6) M o n i t o r s a c t i v i t i e s i n s i d e a n d o u t -
s i d e t h e s p a c e t o d e t e r m i n e i f i t i s s a fe
fo r e n t r a n t s t o r e m a i n i n t h e s p a c e a n d
o r d e r s t h e a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s t o e v a c -
u a t e t h e per m it spa ce im m edia t ely
u n d e r a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s ;
(i ) I f t h e a t t e n d a n t d e t e c t s a p r o h i b -
it ed con dit ion ;
(i i ) I f t h e a t t e n d a n t d e t e c t s t h e b e -
h a v i o r a l e ffe c t s o f h a za r d e x p o s u r e i n
a n a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t ;
(i i i ) I f t h e a t t e n d a n t d e t e c t s a s i t u a -
t ion ou t side t h e spa ce t h a t cou ld en -
d a n g e r t h e a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s ; o r
(i v ) I f t h e a t t e n d a n t c a n n o t e ffe c -
t i v e l y a n d s a fe l y p e r fo r m a l l t h e d u t i e s
r e q u i r e d u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (i ) o f t h i s
sect ion ;
(7) S u m m o n r e s c u e a n d o t h e r e m e r -
gen cy ser vices a s soon a s t h e a t t en da n t
d e t e r m i n e s t h a t a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s
m a y n e e d a s s i s t a n c e t o e s c a p e fr o m
p e r m i t s p a c e h a za r d s ;
(8) T a k e s t h e fo l l o w i n g a c t i o n s w h e n
u n a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n s a p p r o a c h o r e n t e r
a per m it spa ce wh ile en t r y is u n der -
wa y :
(i ) Wa r n t h e u n a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n s
t h a t t h e y m u s t s t a y a w a y fr o m t h e p e r -
m it spa ce;
(i i ) A d v i s e t h e u n a u t h o r i ze d p e r s o n s
t h a t t h ey m u st exit im m edia t ely if
t h ey h a ve en t er ed t h e per m it spa ce;
and
(i i i ) I n fo r m t h e a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s
a n d t h e en t r y su per visor if u n a u t h or -
i ze d p e r s o n s h a v e e n t e r e d t h e p e r m i t
spa ce;
(9) P e r fo r m s n o n -e n t r y r e s c u e s a s
s p e c i fi e d b y t h e e m p l o y e r ’s r e s c u e p r o -
cedu r e; a n d
(10) P e r fo r m s n o d u t i e s t h a t m i g h t
i n t e r fe r e w i t h t h e a t t e n d a n t ’s p r i m a r y
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
du t y t o m on it or a n d pr ot ect t h e a u -
t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s .
(j ) D u t ies of en t ry su p erv isors. T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll en su r e t h a t ea ch en t r y su -
per visor :
(1) K n o w s t h e h a za r d s t h a t m a y b e
fa c e d d u r i n g e n t r y , i n c l u d i n g i n fo r m a -
t ion on t h e m ode, sign s or sy m pt om s,
a n d con sequ en ces of t h e exposu r e;
(2) V e r i fi e s , b y c h e c k i n g t h a t t h e a p -
pr opr ia t e en t r ies h a ve been m a de on
t h e p e r m i t , t h a t a l l t e s t s s p e c i fi e d b y
t h e per m it h a ve been con du ct ed a n d
t h a t a ll pr ocedu r es a n d equ ipm en t
s p e c i fi e d b y t h e p e r m i t a r e i n p l a c e b e -
fo r e e n d o r s i n g t h e p e r m i t a n d a l l o w i n g
en t r y t o begin ;
(3) T e r m i n a t e s t h e e n t r y a n d c a n c e l s
t h e per m it a s r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(e )(5) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(4) V e r i fi e s t h a t r e s c u e s e r v i c e s a r e
a v a i l a b l e a n d t h a t t h e m e a n s fo r s u m -
m on in g t h em a r e oper a ble;
(5) R e m o v e s u n a u t h o r i ze d i n d i v i d u a l s
wh o en t er or wh o a t t em pt t o en t er t h e
per m it spa ce du r in g en t r y oper a t ion s;
and
(6) D e t e r m i n e s , w h e n e v e r r e s p o n s i -
b i l i t y fo r a p e r m i t s p a c e e n t r y o p e r -
a t i o n i s t r a n s fe r r e d a n d a t i n t e r v a l s
d i c t a t e d b y t h e h a za r d s a n d o p e r a t i o n s
p e r fo r m e d w i t h i n t h e s p a c e , t h a t e n t r y
oper a t ion s r em a in con sist en t wit h
t er m s of t h e en t r y per m it a n d t h a t a c-
cept a ble en t r y con dit ion s a r e m a in -
t a in ed.
(k ) R escu e a n d em ergen cy serv ices. (1)
An em ploy er wh o design a t es r escu e a n d
em er gen cy ser vices, pu r su a n t t o pa r a -
g r a p h (d )(9) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s h a l l :
(i ) E v a l u a t e a p r o s p e c t i v e r e s c u e r ’s
a bilit y t o r espon d t o a r escu e su m m on s
in a t im ely m a n n er , con sider in g t h e
h a za r d (s ) i d e n t i fi e d ;
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (k )(1)(i ): Wh a t w i l l b e
con sider ed t im ely will va r y a ccor din g t o t h e
s p e c i fi c h a za r d s i n v o l v e d i n e a c h e n t r y . F o r
e x a m p l e , § 1910.134, R e s p i r a t o r y P r o t e c t i o n ,
r equ ir es t h a t em ploy er s pr ovide a st a n dby
per son or per son s ca pa ble of im m edia t e a c-
t i o n t o r e s c u e e m p l o y e e (s ) w e a r i n g r e s -
pir a t or y pr ot ect ion wh ile in wor k a r ea s de-
fi n e d a s I D L H a t m o s p h e r e s .
(i i ) E v a l u a t e a p r o s p e c t i v e r e s c u e
s e r v i c e ’s a b i l i t y , i n t e r m s o f p r o -
fi c i e n c y w i t h r e s c u e -r e l a t e d t a s k s a n d
e q u i p m e n t , t o fu n c t i o n a p p r o p r i a t e l y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
w h i l e r e s c u i n g e n t r a n t s fr o m t h e p a r -
471
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00481 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
t icu la r per m it spa ce or t y pes of per m it
s p a c e s i d e n t i fi e d ;
(i i i ) S e l e c t a r e s c u e t e a m o r s e r v i c e
fr o m t h o s e e v a l u a t e d t h a t :
(A ) H a s t h e c a p a b i l i t y t o r e a c h t h e
v i c t i m (s ) w i t h i n a t i m e fr a m e t h a t i s
a p p r o p r i a t e fo r t h e p e r m i t s p a c e h a z-
a r d (s ) i d e n t i fi e d ;
(B ) I s e q u i p p e d fo r a n d p r o fi c i e n t i n
p e r fo r m i n g t h e n e e d e d r e s c u e s e r v i c e s ;
(i v ) I n fo r m e a c h r e s c u e t e a m o r s e r v -
i c e o f t h e h a za r d s t h e y m a y c o n fr o n t
w h e n c a l l e d o n t o p e r fo r m r e s c u e a t t h e
sit e; a n d
(v ) P r o v i d e t h e r e s c u e t e a m o r s e r v -
ice select ed wit h a ccess t o a ll per m it
s p a c e s fr o m w h i c h r e s c u e m a y b e n e c -
essa r y so t h a t t h e r escu e ser vice ca n
develop a ppr opr ia t e r escu e pla n s a n d
pr a ct ice r escu e oper a t ion s.
N OT E T O P A R A G R A P H (k )(1): N o n -m a n d a t o r y
a ppen dix F con t a in s exa m ples of cr it er ia
wh ich em ploy er s ca n u se in eva lu a t in g pr o-
spect ive r escu er s a s r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(k )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) A n e m p l o y e r w h o s e e m p l o y e e s
h a ve been design a t ed t o pr ovide per m it
spa ce r escu e a n d em er gen cy ser vices
s h a l l t a k e t h e fo l l o w i n g m e a s u r e s :
(i ) P r o v i d e a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s w i t h
t h e per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t
(P P E ) n e e d e d t o c o n d u c t p e r m i t s p a c e
r e s c u e s s a fe l y a n d t r a i n a ffe c t e d e m -
p l o y e e s s o t h e y a r e p r o fi c i e n t i n t h e
u se of t h a t P P E , a t n o cost t o t h ose
em ploy ees;
(i i ) T r a i n a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s t o p e r -
fo r m a s s i g n e d r e s c u e d u t i e s . T h e e m -
ploy er m u st en su r e t h a t su ch em ploy -
e e s s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e t h e t r a i n i n g
r e q u i r e d t o e s t a b l i s h p r o fi c i e n c y a s a n
a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t , a s p r o v i d e d b y
p a r a g r a p h s (g ) a n d (h ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i i i ) T r a i n a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s i n
b a s i c fi r s t -a i d a n d c a r d i o p u l m o n a r y r e -
s u s c i t a t i o n (CP R ). T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
en su r e t h a t a t lea st on e m em ber of t h e
r escu e t ea m or ser vice h oldin g a cu r -
r e n t c e r t i fi c a t i o n i n fi r s t a i d a n d CP R
is a va ila ble; a n d
(i v ) E n s u r e t h a t a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s
pr a ct ice m a k in g per m it spa ce r escu es
a t l e a s t o n c e e v e r y 12 m o n t h s , b y
m ea n s of sim u la t ed r escu e oper a t ion s
in wh ich t h ey r em ove du m m ies, m a n i-
k i n s , o r a c t u a l p e r s o n s fr o m t h e a c t u a l
p e r m i t s p a c e s o r fr o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
per m it spa ces. R epr esen t a t ive per m it
spa ces sh a ll, wit h r espect t o open in g
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
s i ze , c o n fi g u r a t i o n , a n d a c c e s s i b i l i t y ,
sim u la t e t h e t y pes of per m it spa ces
fr o m w h i c h r e s c u e i s t o b e p e r fo r m e d .
(3) T o fa c i l i t a t e n o n -e n t r y r e s c u e , r e -
t r ieva l sy st em s or m et h ods sh a ll be
u s e d w h e n e v e r a n a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t
en t er s a per m it spa ce, u n less t h e r e-
t r ieva l equ ipm en t wou ld in cr ea se t h e
over a ll r isk of en t r y or wou ld n ot con -
t r ibu t e t o t h e r escu e of t h e en t r a n t .
R e t r i e v a l s y s t e m s s h a l l m e e t t h e fo l -
lowin g r equ ir em en t s.
(i ) E a c h a u t h o r i ze d e n t r a n t s h a l l u s e
a c h e s t o r fu l l b o d y h a r n e s s , w i t h a r e -
t r ieva l lin e a t t a ch ed a t t h e cen t er of
t h e e n t r a n t ’s b a c k n e a r s h o u l d e r l e v e l ,
a b o v e t h e e n t r a n t ’s h e a d , o r a t a n o t h e r
poin t wh ich t h e em ploy er ca n est a blish
p r e s e n t s a p r o fi l e s m a l l e n o u g h fo r t h e
s u c c e s s fu l r e m o v a l o f t h e e n t r a n t .
Wr i s t l e t s m a y b e u s e d i n l i e u o f t h e
c h e s t o r fu l l b o d y h a r n e s s i f t h e e m -
ploy er ca n dem on st r a t e t h a t t h e u se of
a c h e s t o r fu l l b o d y h a r n e s s i s i n fe a s i -
b l e o r c r e a t e s a g r e a t e r h a za r d a n d t h a t
t h e u s e o f w r i s t l e t s i s t h e s a fe s t a n d
m o s t e ffe c t i v e a l t e r n a t i v e .
(i i ) T h e o t h e r e n d o f t h e r e t r i e v a l l i n e
sh a ll be a t t a ch ed t o a m ech a n ica l de-
v i c e o r fi x e d p o i n t o u t s i d e t h e p e r m i t
spa ce in su ch a m a n n er t h a t r escu e ca n
begin a s soon a s t h e r escu er becom es
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
472
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00482 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
a wa r e t h a t r escu e is n ecessa r y . A m e-
ch a n ica l device sh a ll be a va ila ble t o r e-
t r i e v e p e r s o n n e l fr o m v e r t i c a l t y p e p e r -
m i t s p a c e s m o r e t h a n 5 fe e t (1.52 m )
deep.
(4) I f a n i n j u r e d e n t r a n t i s e x p o s e d t o
a s u b s t a n c e fo r w h i c h a M a t e r i a l S a fe -
t y D a t a S h e e t (M S D S ) o r o t h e r s i m i l a r
w r i t t e n i n fo r m a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d t o b e
k ept a t t h e wor k sit e, t h a t MS DS or
w r i t t e n i n fo r m a t i o n s h a l l b e m a d e
a v a i l a b l e t o t h e m e d i c a l fa c i l i t y t r e a t -
in g t h e exposed en t r a n t .
(l ) E m p loy ee p a rt icip a t ion . (1) E m p l o y -
e r s s h a l l c o n s u l t w i t h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y -
e e s a n d t h e i r a u t h o r i ze d r e p r e s e n t a -
t ives on t h e developm en t a n d im ple-
m en t a t ion of a ll a spect s of t h e per m it
spa ce pr ogr a m r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(c ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(2) E m p l o y e r s s h a l l m a k e a v a i l a b l e
t o a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r a u t h o r -
i ze d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a l l i n fo r m a t i o n r e -
qu ir ed t o be developed by t h is sect ion .
A P P E N D I X E S T O § 1910.146—P E R M I T - R E QU I R E D
C ON F I N E D S P A CE S
N OT E : A p p e n d i x e s A t h r o u g h F s e r v e t o
p r o v i d e i n fo r m a t i o n a n d n o n -m a n d a t o r y
gu idelin es t o a ssist em ploy er s a n d em ploy ees
in com ply in g wit h t h e a ppr opr ia t e r equ ir e-
m en t s of t h is sect ion .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.146

A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.146—P E R M I T -R E QU I R E D C ON F I N E D S P A CE D E CI S I ON
F L OW C H A R T

A P P E N D I X B T O § 1910.146—P R OCE D U R E S F OR
A T M OS P H E R I C T E S T I N G
A t m o s p h e r i c t e s t i n g i s r e q u i r e d fo r t w o
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
o f t h e p e r m i t s p a c e a n d v e r i fi c a t i o n t h a t a c -
c e p t a b l e e n t r y c o n d i t i o n s fo r e n t r y i n t o t h a t
spa ce exist .

d i s t i n c t p u r p o s e s : e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e h a za r d s

473
EC27OC91.029</GPH>

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00483 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
(1) E v a lu a t ion t est in g. T h e a t m o s p h e r e o f a
c o n fi n e d s p a c e s h o u l d b e a n a l y ze d u s i n g
e q u i p m e n t o f s u ffi c i e n t s e n s i t i v i t y a n d s p e c i -
fi c i t y t o i d e n t i fy a n d e v a l u a t e a n y h a za r d o u s
a t m osph er es t h a t m a y exist or a r ise, so t h a t
a ppr opr ia t e per m it en t r y pr ocedu r es ca n be
developed a n d a ccept a ble en t r y con dit ion s
s t i p u l a t e d fo r t h a t s p a c e . E v a l u a t i o n a n d i n -
t er pr et a t ion of t h ese da t a , a n d developm en t
of t h e en t r y pr ocedu r e, sh ou ld be don e by , or
r e v i e w e d b y , a t e c h n i c a l l y q u a l i fi e d p r o fe s -
s i o n a l (e .g ., OS H A c o n s u l t a t i o n s e r v i c e , o r
c e r t i fi e d i n d u s t r i a l h y g i e n i s t , r e g i s t e r e d
s a fe t y e n g i n e e r , c e r t i fi e d s a fe t y p r o fe s s i o n a l ,
c e r t i fi e d m a r i n e c h e m i s t , e t c .) b a s e d o n e v a l -
u a t i o n o f a l l s e r i o u s h a za r d s .
(2) V erif ica t ion t est in g. T h e a t m o s p h e r e o f a
p e r m i t s p a c e w h i c h m a y c o n t a i n a h a za r d o u s
a t m o s p h e r e s h o u l d b e t e s t e d fo r r e s i d u e s o f
a l l c o n t a m i n a n t s i d e n t i fi e d b y e v a l u a t i o n
t e s t i n g u s i n g p e r m i t s p e c i fi e d e q u i p m e n t t o
det er m in e t h a t r esidu a l con cen t r a t ion s a t
t h e t im e of t est in g a n d en t r y a r e wit h in t h e
r a n ge of a ccept a ble en t r y con dit ion s. R esu lt s
o f t e s t i n g (i .e ., a c t u a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n , e t c .)
sh ou ld be r ecor ded on t h e per m it in t h e
spa ce pr ovided a dja cen t t o t h e st ipu la t ed a c-
cept a ble en t r y con dit ion .
(3) D u ra t ion of t est in g. M e a s u r e m e n t o f v a l -
u e s fo r e a c h a t m o s p h e r i c p a r a m e t e r s h o u l d
b e m a d e fo r a t l e a s t t h e m i n i m u m r e s p o n s e
t i m e o f t h e t e s t i n s t r u m e n t s p e c i fi e d b y t h e
m a n u fa c t u r e r .
(4) T est in g st ra t if ied a t m osp h eres. Wh e n
m o n i t o r i n g fo r e n t r i e s i n v o l v i n g a d e s c e n t
i n t o a t m o s p h e r e s t h a t m a y b e s t r a t i fi e d , t h e
a t m osph er ic en velope sh ou ld be t est ed a dis-
t a n c e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 fe e t (1.22 m ) i n t h e
dir ect ion of t r a vel a n d t o ea ch side. If a sa m -
p l i n g p r o b e i s u s e d , t h e e n t r a n t ’s r a t e o f
pr ogr ess sh ou ld be slowed t o a ccom m oda t e
t h e sa m plin g speed a n d det ect or r espon se.
(5) O rd er of t est in g. A t e s t fo r o x y g e n i s p e r -
fo r m e d fi r s t b e c a u s e m o s t c o m b u s t i b l e g a s
m et er s a r e oxy gen depen den t a n d will n ot
p r o v i d e r e l i a b l e r e a d i n g s i n a n o x y g e n d e fi -
c i e n t a t m o s p h e r e . Co m b u s t i b l e g a s s e s a r e
t e s t e d fo r n e x t b e c a u s e t h e t h r e a t o f fi r e o r
explosion is bot h m or e im m edia t e a n d m or e
l i fe t h r e a t e n i n g , i n m o s t c a s e s , t h a n e x p o -
s u r e t o t o x i c g a s s e s a n d v a p o r s . I f t e s t s fo r
t oxic ga sses a n d va por s a r e n ecessa r y , t h ey
a r e p e r fo r m e d l a s t .
A P P E N D I X C T O § 1910.146—E X A M P L E S OF
P E R M I T - R E QU I R E D C ON F I N E D S P A CE P R OG R A M S
E x a m p le 1.
W ork p la ce. S e w e r e n t r y .
P ot en t ia l h a z a rd s. T h e e m p l o y e e s c o u l d b e e x -
p o s e d t o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
E n gu lf m en t .
P resen ce of t ox ic ga ses. E q u a l t o o r m o r e t h a n
10 p p m h y d r o g e n s u l fi d e m e a s u r e d a s a n 8-
h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e . I f t h e p r e s e n c e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
of ot h er t oxic con t a m in a n t s is su spect ed,
474
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00484 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
s p e c i fi c m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m s w i l l b e d e v e l -
oped.
P resen ce of ex p losiv e/f la m m a ble ga ses. E q u a l t o
o r g r e a t e r t h a n 10% o f t h e l o w e r fl a m m a b l e
l i m i t (L F L ).
O x y gen D ef icien cy . A c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f o x y g e n
i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e e q u a l t o o r l e s s t h a n 19.5%
by volu m e.
A . E n t ry W it h ou t P erm it /A t t en d a n t
Cert if ica t ion . Co n fi n e d s p a c e s m a y b e e n t e r e d
w i t h o u t t h e n e e d fo r a w r i t t e n p e r m i t o r a t -
t en da n t pr ovided t h a t t h e spa ce ca n be m a in -
t a i n e d i n a s a fe c o n d i t i o n fo r e n t r y b y m e -
ch a n ica l ven t ila t ion a lon e, a s pr ovided in
§ 1910.146(c )(5). A l l s p a c e s s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d
p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e s u n t i l t h e
p r e -e n t r y p r o c e d u r e s d e m o n s t r a t e o t h e r w i s e .
An y em ploy ee r equ ir ed or per m it t ed t o pr e-
c h e c k o r e n t e r a n e n c l o s e d /c o n fi n e d s p a c e
s h a l l h a v e s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d , -a s a m i n -
i m u m , t h e t r a i n i n g a s r e q u i r e d b y t h e fo l -
l o w i n g s e c t i o n s o f t h e s e p r o c e d u r e s . A w rit t en
cop y of op era t in g a n d rescu e p roced u res a s re-
qu ired by t h ese p roced u res sh a ll be a t t h e w ork
sit e f or t h e d u ra t ion of t h e job. T h e Co n fi n e d
S p a c e P r e -E n t r y Ch e c k L i s t m u s t b e c o m -
p l e t e d b y t h e L E A D WOR K E R b e fo r e e n t r y
i n t o a c o n fi n e d s p a c e . T h i s l i s t v e r i fi e s c o m -
plet ion of it em s list ed below. T h is ch eck list
s h a l l b e k e p t a t t h e j o b s i t e fo r d u r a t i o n o f
t h e job. If cir cu m st a n ces dict a t e a n in t er r u p-
t ion in t h e wor k , t h e per m it spa ce m u st be
r e -e v a l u a t e d a n d a n e w c h e c k l i s t m u s t b e
com plet ed.
Con t rol of a t m osp h eric a n d en gu lf m en t h a z a rd s.
P u m p s a n d L in es. A l l p u m p s a n d l i n e s w h i c h
m a y r e a s o n a b l y c a u s e c o n t a m i n a n t s t o fl o w
in t o t h e spa ce sh a ll be discon n ect ed, blin ded
a n d l o c k e d o u t , o r e ffe c t i v e l y i s o l a t e d b y
ot h er m ea n s t o pr even t developm en t of da n -
g e r o u s a i r c o n t a m i n a t i o n o r e n g u l fm e n t . N o t
a ll la t er a ls t o sewer s or st or m dr a in s r equ ir e
block in g. However , wh er e exper ien ce or
k n owledge of in du st r ia l u se in dica t es t h er e
i s a r e a s o n a b l e p o t e n t i a l fo r c o n t a m i n a t i o n
o f a i r o r e n g u l fm e n t i n t o a n o c c u p i e d s e w e r ,
t h e n a l l a ffe c t e d l a t e r a l s s h a l l b e b l o c k e d . I f
b l o c k i n g a n d /o r i s o l a t i o n r e q u i r e s e n t r y i n t o
t h e s p a c e t h e p r o v i s i o n s fo r e n t r y i n t o a
p e r m i t - r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e m u s t b e i m -
plem en t ed.
S u rv eilla n ce. T h e s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a s h a l l b e
s u r v e y e d t o a v o i d h a za r d s s u c h a s d r i ft i n g
v a p o r s fr o m t h e t a n k s , p i p i n g , o r s e w e r s .
T est in g. T h e a t m o s p h e r e w i t h i n t h e s p a c e
will be t est ed t o det er m in e wh et h er da n -
g e r o u s a i r c o n t a m i n a t i o n a n d /o r o x y g e n d e fi -
cien cy exist s. Det ect or t u bes, a la r m on ly ga s
m on it or s a n d explosion m et er s a r e exa m ples
of m on it or in g equ ipm en t t h a t m a y be u sed
t o t est per m it spa ce a t m osph er es. T est in g
s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d b y t h e L E A D WOR K E R
w h o h a s s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d t h e G a s D e -
t e c t o r t r a i n i n g fo r t h e m o n i t o r h e w i l l u s e .
T h e m in im u m pa r a m et er s t o be m on it or ed
Sfmt 8003 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
a r e o x y g e n d e fi c i e n c y , L F L , a n d h y d r o g e n
s u l fi d e c o n c e n t r a t i o n . A w r i t t e n r e c o r d o f
t h e p r e -e n t r y t e s t r e s u l t s s h a l l b e m a d e a n d
k e p t a t t h e w o r k s i t e fo r t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e
j o b . T h e s u p e r v i s o r w i l l c e r t i fy i n w r i t i n g ,
b a s e d u p o n t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e p r e -e n t r y t e s t -
i n g , t h a t a l l h a za r d s h a v e b e e n e l i m i n a t e d .
A ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e a b l e t o r e v i e w
t h e t e s t i n g r e s u l t s . T h e m o s t h a za r d o u s c o n -
dit ion s sh a ll gover n wh en wor k is bein g per -
fo r m e d i n t w o a d j o i n i n g , c o n n e c t i n g s p a c e s .
E n t ry P roced u res. I f t h e r e a r e n o n o n -a t m o s -
p h e r i c h a za r d s p r e s e n t a n d i f t h e p r e -e n t r y
t est s sh ow t h er e is n o da n ger ou s a ir con -
t a m i n a t i o n a n d /o r o x y g e n d e fi c i e n c y w i t h i n
t h e spa ce a n d t h er e is n o r ea son t o believe
t h a t a n y is lik ely t o develop, en t r y in t o a n d
w o r k w i t h i n m a y p r o c e e d . Co n t i n u o u s t e s t -
in g of t h e a t m osph er e in t h e im m edia t e vi-
cin it y of t h e wor k er s wit h in t h e spa ce sh a ll
be a ccom plish ed. T h e wor k er s will im m e-
dia t ely lea ve t h e per m it spa ce wh en a n y of
t h e ga s m on it or a la r m set poin t s a r e r ea ch ed
a s d e fi n e d . Wo r k e r s w i l l n o t r e t u r n t o t h e
a r e a u n t i l a S U P E R V I S OR w h o h a s c o m -
plet ed t h e ga s det ect or t r a in in g h a s u sed a
dir ect r ea din g ga s det ect or t o eva lu a t e t h e
s i t u a t i o n a n d h a s d e t e r m i n e d t h a t i t i s s a fe
t o en t er .
R escu e. A r r a n g e m e n t s fo r r e s c u e s e r v i c e s a r e
n ot r equ ir ed wh er e t h er e is n o a t t en da n t .
S e e t h e r e s c u e p o r t i o n o f s e c t i o n B ., b e l o w ,
fo r i n s t r u c t i o n s r e g a r d i n g r e s c u e p l a n n i n g
wh er e a n en t r y per m it is r equ ir ed.
B . E n t ry P erm it R equ ired
P erm it s. Co n fi n e d S p a c e E n t r y P e r m i t . A l l
s p a c e s s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d
c o n fi n e d s p a c e s u n t i l t h e p r e -e n t r y p r o c e -
du r es dem on st r a t e ot h er wise. An y em ploy ee
r e q u i r e d o r p e r m i t t e d t o p r e -c h e c k o r e n t e r a
p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d s p a c e s h a l l h a v e
s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d , a s a m i n i m u m , t h e
t r a i n i n g a s r e q u i r e d b y t h e fo l l o w i n g s e c -
t i o n s o f t h e s e p r o c e d u r e s . A w rit t en cop y of
op era t in g a n d rescu e p roced u res a s requ ired by
t h ese p roced u res sh a ll be a t t h e w ork sit e f or t h e
d u ra t ion of t h e job. T h e Co n fi n e d S p a c e E n t r y
P e r m i t m u s t b e c o m p l e t e d b e fo r e a p p r o v a l
c a n b e g i v e n t o e n t e r a p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n -
fi n e d s p a c e . T h i s p e r m i t v e r i fi e s c o m p l e t i o n
of it em s list ed below. T h is per m it sh a ll be
k e p t a t t h e j o b s i t e fo r t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e
job. If cir cu m st a n ces ca u se a n in t er r u pt ion
in t h e wor k or a ch a n ge in t h e a la r m con di-
t i o n s fo r w h i c h e n t r y w a s a p p r o v e d , a n e w
Co n fi n e d S p a c e E n t r y P e r m i t m u s t b e c o m -
plet ed.
Con t rol of a t m osp h eric a n d en gu lf m en t h a z a rd s.
S u rv eilla n ce. T h e s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a s h a l l b e
s u r v e y e d t o a v o i d h a za r d s s u c h a s d r i ft i n g
v a p o r s fr o m t a n k s , p i p i n g o r s e w e r s .
T est in g. T h e c o n fi n e d s p a c e a t m o s p h e r e s h a l l
be t est ed t o det er m in e wh et h er da n ger ou s
a i r c o n t a m i n a t i o n a n d /o r o x y g e n d e fi c i e n c y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
exist s. A dir ect r ea din g ga s m on it or sh a ll be
475
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00485 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
u s e d . T e s t i n g s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d b y t h e S U -
P E R V I S OR w h o h a s s u c c e s s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d
t h e g a s d e t e c t o r t r a i n i n g fo r t h e m o n i t o r h e
will u se. T h e m in im u m pa r a m et er s t o be
m o n i t o r e d a r e o x y g e n d e fi c i e n c y , L F L a n d
h y d r o g e n s u l fi d e c o n c e n t r a t i o n . A w r i t t e n
r ecor d of t h e pr e- en t r y t est r esu lt s sh a ll be
m a d e a n d k e p t a t t h e w o r k s i t e fo r t h e d u r a -
t i o n o f t h e j o b . A ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e
a ble t o r eview t h e t est in g r esu lt s. T h e m ost
h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n s s h a l l g o v e r n w h e n
w o r k i s b e i n g p e r fo r m e d i n t w o a d j o i n i n g ,
con n ect ed spa ces.
S p a ce V en t ila t ion . M e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n
sy st em s, wh er e a pplica ble, sh a ll be set a t
100% o u t s i d e a i r . Wh e r e p o s s i b l e , o p e n a d d i -
t ion a l m a n h oles t o in cr ea se a ir cir cu la t ion .
Use por t a ble blower s t o a u gm en t n a t u r a l cir -
c u l a t i o n i f n e e d e d . A ft e r a s u i t a b l e v e n -
t ila t in g per iod, r epea t t h e t est in g. E n t r y
m a y n ot begin u n t il t est in g h a s dem -
o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h e h a za r d o u s a t m o s p h e r e h a s
been elim in a t ed.
E n t ry P roced u res. T h e fo l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e
s h a l l b e o b s e r v e d u n d e r a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
c o n d i t i o n s : 1.) T e s t i n g d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e e x -
i s t e n c e o f d a n g e r o u s o r d e fi c i e n t c o n d i t i o n s
a n d a ddit ion a l ven t ila t ion ca n n ot r edu ce
c o n c e n t r a t i o n s t o s a fe l e v e l s ; 2.) T h e a t m o s -
p h e r e t e s t s a s s a fe b u t u n s a fe c o n d i t i o n s c a n
r e a s o n a b l y b e e x p e c t e d t o d e v e l o p ; 3.) I t i s
n o t fe a s i b l e t o p r o v i d e fo r r e a d y e x i t fr o m
s p a c e s e q u i p p e d w i t h a u t o m a t i c fi r e s u p p r e s -
s i o n s y s t e m s a n d i t i s n o t p r a c t i c a l o r s a fe t o
d e a c t i v a t e s u c h s y s t e m s ; o r 4.) A n e m e r -
g e n c y e x i s t s a n d i t i s n o t fe a s i b l e t o w a i t fo r
p r e -e n t r y p r o c e d u r e s t o t a k e e ffe c t .
All per son n el m u st be t r a in ed. A self con -
t a in ed br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s sh a ll be wor n by
a n y per son en t er in g t h e spa ce. At lea st on e
wor k er sh a ll st a n d by t h e ou t side of t h e
spa ce r ea dy t o give a ssist a n ce in ca se of
em er gen cy . T h e st a n dby wor k er sh a ll h a ve a
self con t a in ed br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s a va ila ble
fo r i m m e d i a t e u s e . T h e r e s h a l l b e a t l e a s t
on e a ddit ion a l wor k er wit h in sigh t or ca ll of
t h e s t a n d b y w o r k e r . Co n t i n u o u s p o w e r e d
com m u n ica t ion s sh a ll be m a in t a in ed be-
t w e e n t h e w o r k e r w i t h i n t h e c o n fi n e d s p a c e
a n d st a n dby per son n el.
If a t a n y t im e t h er e is a n y qu est ion a ble a c-
t ion or n on - m ovem en t by t h e wor k er in side,
a ver ba l ch eck will be m a de. If t h er e is n o r e-
spon se, t h e wor k er will be m oved im m e-
d i a t e l y . E x cep t ion : I f t h e w o r k e r i s d i s a b l e d
d u e t o fa l l i n g o r i m p a c t , h e /s h e s h a l l n o t b e
r e m o v e d fr o m t h e c o n fi n e d s p a c e u n l e s s
t h e r e i s i m m e d i a t e d a n g e r t o h i s /h e r l i fe .
L o c a l fi r e d e p a r t m e n t r e s c u e p e r s o n n e l s h a l l
b e n o t i fi e d i m m e d i a t e l y . T h e s t a n d b y w o r k e r
m a y o n l y e n t e r t h e c o n fi n e d s p a c e i n c a s e o f
a n e m e r g e n c y (w e a r i n g t h e s e l f c o n t a i n e d
b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s ) a n d o n l y a ft e r b e i n g r e -
l i e v e d b y a n o t h e r w o r k e r . S a fe t y b e l t o r h a r -
n e s s w i t h a t t a c h e d l i fe l i n e s h a l l b e u s e d b y
a l l w o r k e r s e n t e r i n g t h e s p a c e w i t h t h e fr e e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
en d of t h e lin e secu r ed ou t side t h e en t r y
open in g. T h e st a n dby wor k er sh a ll a t t em pt
t o r e m o v e a d i s a b l e d w o r k e r v i a h i s l i fe l i n e
b e fo r e e n t e r i n g t h e s p a c e .
Wh e n p r a c t i c a l , t h e s e s p a c e s s h a l l b e e n -
t e r e d t h r o u g h s i d e o p e n i n g s —t h o s e w i t h i n 3
1/2 fe e t (1.07 m ) o f t h e b o t t o m . Wh e n e n t r y
m u s t b e t h r o u g h a t o p o p e n i n g , t h e s a fe t y
belt sh a ll be of t h e h a r n ess t y pe t h a t su s-
pen ds a per son u pr igh t a n d a h oist in g device
o r s i m i l a r a p p a r a t u s s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e fo r
l i ft i n g w o r k e r s o u t o f t h e s p a c e .
In a n y sit u a t ion wh er e t h eir u se m a y en -
da n ger t h e wor k er , u se of a h oist in g device
o r s a fe t y b e l t a n d a t t a c h e d l i fe l i n e m a y b e
discon t in u ed.
Wh e n d a n g e r o u s a i r c o n t a m i n a t i o n i s a t -
t r i b u t a b l e t o fl a m m a b l e a n d /o r e x p l o s i v e
su bst a n ces, ligh t in g a n d elect r ica l equ ip-
m e n t s h a l l b e Cl a s s 1, D i v i s i o n 1 r a t e d p e r
N a t i o n a l E l e c t r i c a l Co d e a n d n o i g n i t i o n
sou r ces sh a ll be in t r odu ced in t o t h e a r ea .
Co n t i n u o u s g a s m o n i t o r i n g s h a l l b e p e r -
fo r m e d d u r i n g a l l c o n fi n e d s p a c e o p e r a t i o n s .
If a la r m con dit ion s ch a n ge a dver sely , en t r y
p e r s o n n e l s h a l l e x i t t h e c o n fi n e d s p a c e a n d a
n e w c o n fi n e d s p a c e p e r m i t i s s u e d .
R escu e. Ca l l t h e fi r e d e p a r t m e n t s e r v i c e s fo r
r e s c u e . Wh e r e i m m e d i a t e h a za r d s t o i n j u r e d
per son n el a r e pr esen t , wor k er s a t t h e sit e
s h a l l i m p l e m e n t e m e r g e n c y p r o c e d u r e s t o fi t
t h e sit u a t ion .
E x a m p le 2.
W ork p la ce. M e a t a n d p o u l t r y r e n d e r i n g
pla n t s.
Co o k e r s a n d d r y e r s a r e e i t h e r b a t c h o r c o n -
t in u ou s in t h eir oper a t ion . Mu lt iple ba t ch
c o o k e r s a r e o p e r a t e d i n p a r a l l e l . Wh e n o n e
u n i t o f a m u l t i p l e s e t i s s h u t d o w n fo r r e -
pa ir s, m ea n s a r e a va ila ble t o isola t e t h a t
u n i t fr o m t h e o t h e r s w h i c h r e m a i n i n o p e r -
a t ion .
Co o k e r s a n d d r y e r s a r e h o r i zo n t a l , c y l i n -
dr ica l vessels equ ipped wit h a cen t er , r ot a t -
i n g s h a ft a n d a g i t a t o r p a d d l e s o r d i s c s . I f t h e
in n er sh ell is ja ck et ed, it is u su a lly h ea t ed
w i t h s t e a m a t p r e s s u r e s u p t o 150 p s i g (1034.25
k P a ). T h e r o t a t i n g s h a ft a s s e m b l y o f t h e
con t in u ou s cook er or dr y er is a lso st ea m
h ea t ed.
P ot en t ia l H a z a rd s. T h e r e c o g n i ze d h a za r d s a s -
socia t ed wit h cook er s a n d dr y er s a r e t h e r isk
t h a t em ploy ees cou ld be:
1. S t r u c k o r c a u g h t b y r o t a t i n g a g i t a t o r ;
2. E n g u l fe d i n r a w m a t e r i a l o r h o t , r e c y c l e d
fa t ;
3. B u r n e d b y s t e a m fr o m l e a k s i n t o t h e c o o k -
e r /d r y e r s t e a m j a c k e t o r t h e c o n d e n s e r d u c t
sy st em if st ea m va lves a r e n ot pr oper ly
closed a n d lock ed ou t ;
4. B u r n e d b y c o n t a c t w i t h h o t m e t a l s u r -
fa c e s , s u c h a s t h e a g i t a t o r s h a ft a s s e m b l y , o r
i n n e r s h e l l o f t h e c o o k e r /d r y e r ;
5. H e a t s t r e s s c a u s e d b y w a r m a t m o s p h e r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i n s i d e c o o k e r /d r y e r ;
476
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00486 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
6. S l i p p i n g a n d fa l l i n g o n g r e a s e i n t h e c o o k -
e r /d r y e r ;
7. E l e c t r i c a l l y s h o c k e d b y fa u l t y e q u i p m e n t
t a k e n i n t o t h e c o o k e r /d r y e r ;
8. B u r n e d o r o v e r c o m e b y fi r e o r p r o d u c t s o f
com bu st ion ; or
9. Ov e r c o m e b y fu m e s g e n e r a t e d b y w e l d i n g
o r c u t t i n g d o n e o n g r e a s e c o v e r e d s u r fa c e s .
P erm it s. T h e s u p e r v i s o r i n t h i s c a s e i s a l w a y s
p r e s e n t a t t h e c o o k e r /d r y e r o r o t h e r p e r m i t
e n t r y c o n fi n e d s p a c e w h e n e n t r y i s m a d e .
T h e s u p e r v i s o r m u s t fo l l o w t h e p r e -e n t r y i s o -
la t ion pr ocedu r es descr ibed in t h e en t r y per -
m i t i n p r e p a r i n g fo r e n t r y , a n d e n s u r e t h a t
t h e pr ot ect ive clot h in g, ven t ila t in g equ ip-
m en t a n d a n y ot h er equ ipm en t r equ ir ed by
t h e per m it a r e a t t h e en t r y sit e.
Con t rol of h a z a rd s. M e c h a n i c a l . L o c k o u t
m a in power swit ch t o a git a t or m ot or a t
m a i n p o w e r p a n e l . A ffi x t a g t o t h e l o c k t o
i n fo r m o t h e r s t h a t a p e r m i t e n t r y c o n fi n e d
spa ce en t r y is in pr ogr ess.
E n gu lf m en t . Cl o s e a l l v a l v e s i n t h e r a w m a t e -
r ia l blow lin e. S ecu r e ea ch va lve in it s closed
posit ion u sin g ch a in a n d lock . At t a ch a t a g
t o t h e va lve a n d ch a in wa r n in g t h a t a per m it
e n t r y c o n fi n e d s p a c e e n t r y i s i n p r o g r e s s .
T h e s a m e p r o c e d u r e s h a l l b e u s e d fo r s e c u r -
i n g t h e fa t r e c y c l e v a l v e .
B u rn s a n d h ea t st ress. Cl o s e s t e a m s u p p l y
va lves t o ja ck et a n d secu r e wit h ch a in s a n d
t a g s . I n s e r t s o l i d b l a n k a t fl a n g e i n c o o k e r
v e n t l i n e t o c o n d e n s e r m a n i fo l d d u c t s y s t e m .
V e n t c o o k e r /d r y e r b y o p e n i n g a c c e s s d o o r a t
disch a r ge en d a n d t op cen t er door t o a llow
n a t u r a l ven t ila t ion t h r ou gh ou t t h e en t r y . If
fa s t e r c o o l i n g i s n e e d e d , u s e a p o r t a b l e v e n -
t i l a t i o n fa n t o i n c r e a s e v e n t i l a t i o n . Co o l i n g
wa t er m a y be cir cu la t ed t h r ou gh t h e ja ck et
t o r e d u c e b o t h o u t e r a n d i n n e r s u r fa c e t e m -
p e r a t u r e s o f c o o k e r /d r y e r s fa s t e r . Ch e c k a i r
a n d i n n e r s u r fa c e t e m p e r a t u r e s i n c o o k e r /
dr y er t o a ssu r e t h ey a r e wit h in a ccept a ble
l i m i t s b e fo r e e n t e r i n g , o r u s e p r o p e r p r o t e c -
t ive clot h in g.
F ire a n d f u m e h a z a rd s. Ca r e fu l s i t e p r e p a r a -
t ion , su ch a s clea n in g t h e a r ea wit h in 4
i n c h e s (10.16 c m ) o f a l l w e l d i n g o r t o r c h c u t -
t in g oper a t ion s, a n d pr oper ven t ila t ion a r e
t h e p r e fe r r e d c o n t r o l s . A l l w e l d i n g a n d c u t -
t in g oper a t ion s sh a ll be don e in a ccor da n ce
w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R P a r t 1910,
S u b p a r t Q, OS H A ’s w e l d i n g s t a n d a r d . P r o p e r
ven t ila t ion m a y be a ch ieved by loca l exh a u st
ven t ila t ion , or t h e u se of por t a ble ven t ila -
t i o n fa n s , o r a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e t w o p r a c -
t ices.
E lect rica l sh ock . E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t u s e d i n
c o o k e r /d r y e r s s h a l l b e i n s e r v i c e a b l e c o n d i -
t ion .
S lip s a n d f a lls. R e m o v e r e s i d u a l g r e a s e b e fo r e
e n t e r i n g c o o k e r /d r y e r .
A t t en d a n t . T h e s u p e r v i s o r s h a l l b e t h e a t -
t e n d a n t fo r e m p l o y e e s e n t e r i n g c o o k e r /d r y -
er s.
Sfmt 8003 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
P erm it . T h e p e r m i t s h a l l s p e c i fy h o w i s o l a -
t ion sh a ll be don e a n d a n y ot h er pr epa r a -
t i o n s n e e d e d b e fo r e m a k i n g e n t r y . T h i s i s e s -
pecia lly im por t a n t in pa r a llel a r r a n gem en t s
o f c o o k e r /d r y e r s s o t h a t t h e e n t i r e o p e r a t i o n
n e e d n o t b e s h u t d o w n t o a l l o w s a fe e n t r y
in t o on e u n it .
R escu e. Wh e n n e c e s s a r y , t h e a t t e n d a n t s h a l l
c a l l t h e fi r e d e p a r t m e n t a s p r e v i o u s l y a r -
r a n ged.
E x a m p le 3.
W ork p la ce. Wo r k p l a c e s w h e r e t a n k c a r s ,
t r u ck s, a n d t r a iler s, dr y bu lk t a n k s a n d
t r a iler s, r a ilr oa d t a n k ca r s, a n d sim ila r por t -
a b l e t a n k s a r e fa b r i c a t e d o r s e r v i c e d .
A . D u rin g f a brica t ion . T h e s e t a n k s a n d d r y -
bu lk ca r r ier s are en t er ed r epea t edly
t h r o u g h o u t t h e fa b r i c a t i o n p r o c e s s . T h e s e
p r o d u c t s a r e n o t c o n fi g u r e d i d e n t i c a l l y , b u t
t h e m a n u fa c t u r i n g p r o c e s s e s b y w h i c h t h e y
a r e m a de a r e ver y sim ila r .
S ou rces of h a z a rd s. I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e m e -
c h a n i c a l h a za r d s a r i s i n g fr o m t h e r i s k s t h a t
a n en t r a n t wou ld be in ju r ed du e t o con t a ct
wit h com pon en t s of t h e t a n k or t h e t ools
bein g u sed, t h er e is a lso t h e r isk t h a t a
w o r k e r c o u l d b e i n j u r e d b y b r e a t h i n g fu m e s
fr o m w e l d i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m i s t s o r v a p o r s
fr o m m a t e r i a l s u s e d t o c o a t t h e t a n k i n t e -
r ior . In a ddit ion , m a n y of t h ese va por s a n d
m i s t s a r e fl a m m a b l e , s o t h e fa i l u r e t o p r o p -
e r l y v e n t i l a t e a t a n k c o u l d l e a d t o a fi r e o r
explosion .
Con t rol of h a z a rd s.
W eld in g. L o c a l e x h a u s t v e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e
u s e d t o r e m o v e w e l d i n g fu m e s o n c e t h e t a n k
or ca r r ier is com plet ed t o t h e poin t t h a t
wor k er s m a y en t er a n d exit on ly t h r ou gh a
m a n h o l e . (F o l l o w t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910, S u b p a r t Q, OS H A ’s w e l d i n g s t a n d a r d , a t
a l l t i m e s .) We l d i n g g a s t a n k s m a y n e v e r b e
br ou gh t in t o a t a n k or ca r r ier t h a t is a per -
m i t e n t r y c o n fi n e d s p a c e .
A p p lica t ion of in t erior coa t in gs/lin in gs. A t -
m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s s h a l l b e c o n t r o l l e d b y
fo r c e d a i r v e n t i l a t i o n s u ffi c i e n t t o k e e p t h e
a t m o s p h e r i c c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f fl a m m a b l e m a -
t e r i a l s b e l o w 10% o f t h e l o w e r fl a m m a b l e
l i m i t (L F L ) (o r l o w e r e x p l o s i v e l i m i t (L E L ),
w h i c h e v e r t e r m i s u s e d l o c a l l y ). T h e a p p r o -
pr ia t e r espir a t or s a r e pr ovided a n d sh a ll be
u s e d i n a d d i t i o n t o p r o v i d i n g fo r c e d v e n t i l a -
t i o n i f t h e fo r c e d v e n t i l a t i o n d o e s n o t m a i n -
t a in a ccept a ble r espir a t or y con dit ion s.
P erm it s. B e c a u s e o f t h e r e p e t i t i v e n a t u r e o f
t h e e n t r i e s i n t h e s e o p e r a t i o n s , a n ‘‘A r e a
E n t r y P e r m i t ’’ w i l l b e i s s u e d fo r a 1 m o n t h
per iod t o cover t h ose pr odu ct ion a r ea s wh er e
t a n k s a r e fa b r i c a t e d t o t h e p o i n t t h a t e n t r y
a n d exit a r e m a de u sin g m a n h oles.
A u t h oriz a t ion . On l y t h e a r e a s u p e r v i s o r m a y
a u t h o r i ze a n e m p l o y e e t o e n t e r a t a n k w i t h -
in t h e per m it a r ea . T h e a r ea su per visor m u st
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
det er m in e t h a t con dit ion s in t h e t a n k t r a il-
477
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00487 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
er , dr y bu lk t r a iler or t r u ck , et c. m eet per -
m i t r e q u i r e m e n t s b e fo r e a u t h o r i zi n g e n t r y .
A t t en d a n t . T h e a r e a s u p e r v i s o r s h a l l d e s -
ign a t e a n em ploy ee t o m a in t a in com m u n ica -
t i o n b y e m p l o y e r s p e c i fi e d m e a n s w i t h e m -
ploy ees wor k in g in t a n k s t o en su r e t h eir
s a fe t y . T h e a t t e n d a n t m a y n o t e n t e r a n y
p e r m i t e n t r y c o n fi n e d s p a c e t o r e s c u e a n e n -
t r a n t o r fo r a n y o t h e r r e a s o n , u n l e s s a u t h o r -
i ze d b y t h e r e s c u e p r o c e d u r e a n d , a n d e v e n
t h e n , o n l y a ft e r c a l l i n g t h e r e s c u e t e a m a n d
bein g r elieved by a s a t t en da n t by a n ot h er
wor k er .
Com m u n ica t ion s a n d observ a t ion . Co m m u n i c a -
t i o n s b e t w e e n a t t e n d a n t a n d e n t r a n t (s ) s h a l l
be m a in t a in ed t h r ou gh ou t en t r y . Met h ods of
c o m m u n i c a t i o n t h a t m a y b e s p e c i fi e d b y t h e
per m it in clu de voice, voice power ed r a dio,
t a ppin g or r a ppin g codes on t a n k wa lls, sig-
n a l l i n g t u g s o n a r o p e , a n d t h e a t t e n d a n t ’s
obser va t ion t h a t wor k a ct ivit ies su ch a s
c h i p p i n g , g r i n d i n g , w e l d i n g , s p r a y i n g , e t c .,
wh ich r equ ir e deliber a t e oper a t or con t r ol
c o n t i n u e n o r m a l l y . T h e s e a c t i v i t i e s o ft e n
gen er a t e so m u ch n oise t h a t t h e n ecessa r y
h ea r in g pr ot ect ion m a k es com m u n ica t ion by
v o i c e d i ffi c u l t .
R escu e p roced u res. A c c e p t a b l e r e s c u e p r o c e -
du r es in clu de en t r y by a t ea m of em ploy ee-
r escu er s, u se of pu blic em er gen cy ser vices,
a n d p r o c e d u r e s fo r b r e a c h i n g t h e t a n k . T h e
a r e a p e r m i t s p e c i fi e s w h i c h p r o c e d u r e s a r e
a va ila ble, bu t t h e a r ea su per visor m a k es t h e
fi n a l d e c i s i o n b a s e d o n c i r c u m s t a n c e s . (Ce r -
t a in in ju r ies m a y m a k e it n ecessa r y t o
br ea ch t h e t a n k t o r em ove a per son r a t h er
t h a n r isk a ddit ion a l in ju r y by r em ova l
t h r ou gh a n exist in g m a n h ole. However , t h e
su per visor m u st en su r e t h a t n o br ea ch in g
p r o c e d u r e u s e d fo r r e s c u e w o u l d v i o l a t e
t er m s of t h e en t r y per m it . F or in st a n ce, if
t h e t a n k m u st be br ea ch ed by cu t t in g wit h a
t o r c h , t h e t a n k s u r fa c e s t o b e c u t m u s t b e
fr e e o f v o l a t i l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e c o a t i n g s w i t h -
i n 4 i n c h e s (10.16 c m ) o f t h e c u t t i n g l i n e a n d
t h e a t m osph er e wit h in t h e t a n k m u st be
below t h e L F L .
R et riev a l lin e a n d h a rn esses. T h e r e t r i e v a l
lin es a n d h a r n esses gen er a lly r equ ir ed u n der
t h i s s t a n d a r d a r e u s u a l l y i m p r a c t i c a l fo r u s e
i n t a n k s b e c a u s e t h e i n t e r n a l c o n fi g u r a t i o n
o f t h e t a n k s a n d t h e i r i n t e r i o r b a ffl e s a n d
o t h e r s t r u c t u r e s w o u l d p r e v e n t r e s c u e r s fr o m
h a u lin g ou t in ju r ed en t r a n t s. However , u n -
l e s s t h e r e s c u e p r o c e d u r e c a l l s fo r b r e a c h i n g
t h e t a n k fo r r e s c u e , t h e r e s c u e t e a m s h a l l b e
t r a in ed in t h e u se of r et r ieva l lin es a n d h a r -
n e s s e s fo r r e m o v i n g i n j u r e d e m p l o y e e s
t h r ou gh m a n h oles.
B . R ep a ir or serv ice of ‘‘u sed ’’ t a n k s a n d bu lk
t ra ilers.
S ou rces of h a z a rd s. I n a d d i t i o n t o fa c i n g t h e
p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s e n c o u n t e r e d i n fa b r i c a t i o n
o r m a n u fa c t u r i n g , t a n k s o r t r a i l e r s w h i c h
h a ve been in ser vice m a y con t a in r esidu es of
Sfmt 8003 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s , w h e t h e r l e ft o v e r fr o m
t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f h a za r d o u s c a r g o e s o r
gen er a t ed by ch em ica l or ba ct er ia l a ct ion on
r e s i d u e s o f n o n -h a za r d o u s c a r g o e s .
Con t rol of a t m osp h eric h a z a rd s. A ‘‘u s e d ’’ t a n k
sh a ll be br ou gh t in t o a r ea s wh er e t a n k en t r y
i s a u t h o r i ze d o n l y a ft e r t h e t a n k h a s b e e n
e m p t i e d , c l e a n s e d (w i t h o u t e m p l o y e e e n t r y )
of a n y r esidu es, a n d pu r ged of a n y pot en t ia l
a t m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s .
W eld in g. I n a d d i t i o n t o t a n k c l e a n i n g fo r
c o n t r o l o f a t m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s , c o a t i n g a n d
s u r fa c e m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e r e m o v e d 4 i n c h e s
(10.16 c m ) o r m o r e fr o m a n y s u r fa c e a r e a
wh er e weldin g or ot h er t or ch wor k will be
don e a n d ca r e t a k en t h a t t h e a t m osph er e
wit h in t h e t a n k r em a in s well below t h e L F L .
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
478
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00488 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(F o l l o w t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R 1910,
S u b p a r t Q, OS H A ’s w e l d i n g s t a n d a r d , a t a l l
t i m e s .)
P erm it s. A n e n t r y p e r m i t v a l i d fo r u p t o 1
y e a r s h a l l b e i s s u e d p r i o r t o a u t h o r i za t i o n o f
en t r y in t o u sed t a n k t r a iler s, dr y bu lk t r a il-
e r s o r t r u c k s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e p r e -e n t r y
clea n in g r equ ir em en t , t h is per m it sh a ll r e-
q u i r e t h e e m p l o y e e s a fe g u a r d s s p e c i fi e d fo r
n e w t a n k fa b r i c a t i o n o r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r m i t
a r ea s.
A u t h oriz a t ion . On l y t h e a r e a s u p e r v i s o r m a y
a u t h o r i ze a n e m p l o y e e t o e n t e r a t a n k t r a i l -
er , dr y bu lk t r a iler or t r u ck wit h in t h e per -
m it a r ea . T h e a r ea su per visor m u st det er -
m in e t h a t t h e en t r y per m it r equ ir em en t s
h a v e b e e n m e t b e fo r e a u t h o r i zi n g e n t r y .
Sfmt 8003 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.146

A P P E N D I X D T O § 1910.146—S A M P L E P E R M I T S
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

479
EC27OC91.030</GPH>

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00489 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8006 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)

A P P E N D I X E T O § 1910.146—S E WE R S Y S T E M exist s a n y wa y t o com plet ely isola t e t h e

E NT R Y s p a c e (a s e c t i o n o f a c o n t i n u o u s s y s t e m ) t o
be en t er ed; secon d, beca u se isola t ion is n ot
S e w e r e n t r y d i ffe r s i n t h r e e v i t a l r e s p e c t s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR

com plet e, t h e a t m osph er e m a y su dden ly a n d

fr o m o t h e r p e r m i t e n t r i e s ; fi r s t , t h e r e r a r e l y

480
EC27OC91.031</GPH>

VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00490 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
u n p r e d i c t a b l y b e c o m e l e t h a l l y h a za r d o u s
(t o x i c , fl a m m a b l e o r e x p l o s i v e ) fr o m c a u s e s
bey on d t h e con t r ol of t h e en t r a n t or em -
ploy er , a n d t h ir d, exper ien ced sewer wor k er s
a r e especia lly k n owledgea ble in en t r y a n d
wor k in t h eir per m it spa ces beca u se of t h eir
fr e q u e n t e n t r i e s . U n l i k e o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t s
wh er e per m it spa ce en t r y is a r a r e a n d excep-
t ion a l even t , sewer wor k er s’ u su a l wor k en -
vir on m en t is a per m it spa ce.
(1) A d h eren ce t o p roced u re. T h e e m p l o y e r
sh ou ld design a t e a s en t r a n t s on ly em ploy ees
wh o a r e t h or ou gh ly t r a in ed in t h e em ploy -
e r ’s s e w e r e n t r y p r o c e d u r e s a n d w h o d e m -
o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e y fo l l o w t h e s e e n t r y p r o c e -
d u r e s e x a c t l y a s p r e s c r i b e d w h e n p e r fo r m i n g
sewer en t r ies.
(2) A t m osp h eric m on it orin g. E n t r a n t s s h o u l d
b e t r a i n e d i n t h e u s e o f, a n d b e e q u i p p e d
wit h , a t m osph er ic m on it or in g equ ipm en t
wh ich sou n ds a n a u dible a la r m , in a ddit ion
t o it s visu a l r ea dou t , wh en ever on e of t h e
fo l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s a r e e n c o u n t e r e d : Ox y -
g e n c o n c e n t r a t i o n l e s s t h a n 19.5 p e r c e n t ;
fl a m m a b l e g a s o r v a p o r a t 10 p e r c e n t o r m o r e
o f t h e l o w e r fl a m m a b l e l i m i t (L F L ); o r h y -
d r o g e n s u l fi d e o r c a r b o n m o n o x i d e a t o r
a b o v e 10 p p m o r 35 p p m , r e s p e c t i v e l y , m e a s -
u r e d a s a n 8-h o u r t i m e -w e i g h t e d a v e r a g e . A t -
m osph er ic m on it or in g equ ipm en t n eeds t o be
c a l i b r a t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m a n u fa c t u r e r ’s
i n s t r u c t i o n s . T h e o x y g e n s e n s o r /b r o a d r a n g e
s e n s o r i s b e s t s u i t e d fo r i n i t i a l u s e i n s i t u a -
t ion s wh er e t h e a ct u a l or pot en t ia l con t a m i-
n a n t s h a v e n o t b e e n i d e n t i fi e d , b e c a u s e
b r o a d r a n g e s e n s o r s , u n l i k e s u b s t a n c e -s p e -
c i fi c s e n s o r s , e n a b l e e m p l o y e r s t o o b t a i n a n
over a ll r ea din g of t he h y dr oca r bon s
(fl a m m a b l e s ) p r e s e n t i n t h e s p a c e . H o w e v e r ,
s u c h s e n s o r s o n l y i n d i c a t e t h a t a h a za r d o u s
t h r esh old of a cla ss of ch em ica ls h a s been ex-
ceeded. T h ey do n ot m ea su r e t h e levels of
c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f s p e c i fi c s u b s t a n c e s . T h e r e -
fo r e , s u b s t a n c e -s p e c i fi c d e v i c e s , w h i c h m e a s -
u r e t h e a c t u a l l e v e l s o f s p e c i fi c s u b s t a n c e s ,
a r e b e s t s u i t e d fo r u s e w h e r e a c t u a l a n d p o -
t e n t i a l c o n t a m i n a n t s h a v e b e e n i d e n t i fi e d .
T h e m ea su r em en t s obt a in ed wit h su bst a n ce-
s p e c i fi c d e v i c e s a r e o f v i t a l i m p o r t a n c e t o
t h e em ploy er wh en decision s a r e m a de con -
cer n in g t h e m ea su r es n ecessa r y t o pr ot ect
e n t r a n t s (s u c h a s v e n t i l a t i o n o r p e r s o n a l
pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t ) a n d t h e set t in g a n d
a t t a in m en t of a ppr opr ia t e en t r y con dit ion s.
However , t h e sewer en vir on m en t m a y su d-
den ly a n d u n pr edict a bly ch a n ge, a n d t h e su b-
s t a n c e -s p e c i fi c d e v i c e s m a y n o t d e t e c t t h e
pot en t ia lly let h a l a t m osph er ic h a za r d s
wh ich m a y en t er t h e sewer en vir on m en t .
A l t h o u g h OS H A c o n s i d e r s t h e i n fo r m a t i o n
a n d gu ida n ce pr ovided a bove t o be a ppr o-
p r i a t e a n d u s e fu l i n m o s t s e w e r e n t r y s i t u a -
t i o n s , t h e A g e n c y e m p h a s i ze s t h a t e a c h e m -
ploy er m u st con sider t h e u n iqu e cir -
cu m st a n ces, in clu din g t h e pr edict a bilit y of
t h e a t m osph er e, of t h e sewer per m it spa ces
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i n t h e e m p l o y e r ’s w o r k p l a c e i n p r e p a r i n g fo r
481
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00491 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.146
e n t r y . On l y t h e e m p l o y e r c a n d e c i d e , b a s e d
u p o n h i s o r h e r k n o w l e d g e o f, a n d e x p e r i e n c e
wit h per m it spa ces in sewer sy st em s, wh a t
t h e best t y pe of t est in g in st r u m en t m a y be
fo r a n y s p e c i fi c e n t r y o p e r a t i o n .
T h e select ed t est in g in st r u m en t sh ou ld be
ca r r ied a n d u sed by t h e en t r a n t in sewer lin e
wor k t o m on it or t h e a t m osph er e in t h e en -
t r a n t ’s e n v i r o n m e n t , a n d i n a d v a n c e o f t h e
e n t r a n t ’s d i r e c t i o n o f m o v e m e n t , t o w a r n t h e
en t r a n t of a n y det er ior a t ion in a t m osph er ic
c o n d i t i o n s . Wh e r e s e v e r a l e n t r a n t s a r e w o r k -
in g t oget h er in t h e sa m e im m edia t e loca -
t ion , on e in st r u m en t , u sed by t h e lea d en -
t r a n t , is a ccept a ble.
(3) S u rge f low a n d f lood in g. S e w e r c r e w s
sh ou ld develop a n d m a in t a in lia ison , t o t h e
ext en t possible, wit h t h e loca l wea t h er bu -
r e a u a n d fi r e a n d e m e r g e n c y s e r v i c e s i n t h e i r
a r ea so t h a t sewer wor k m a y be dela y ed or
in t er r u pt ed a n d en t r a n t s wit h dr a wn wh en -
e v e r s e w e r l i n e s m i g h t b e s u d d e n l y fl o o d e d
b y r a i n o r fi r e s u p p r e s s i o n a c t i v i t i e s , o r
w h e n e v e r fl a m m a b l e o r o t h e r h a za r d o u s m a -
t er ia ls a r e r elea sed in t o sewer s du r in g em er -
gen cies by in du st r ia l or t r a n spor t a t ion a cci-
den t s.
(4) S p ecia l E qu ip m en t . E n t r y i n t o l a r g e b o r e
sewer s m a y r equ ir e t h e u se of specia l equ ip-
m en t . S u ch equ ipm en t m igh t in clu de su ch
it em s a s a t m osph er e m on it or in g devices
w i t h a u t o m a t i c a u d i b l e a l a r m s , e s c a p e s e l f-
c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s (E S CB A ) w i t h
a t l e a s t 10 m i n u t e a i r s u p p l y (o r o t h e r
N I OS H a p p r o v e d s e l f-r e s c u e r ), a n d w a t e r -
p r o o f fl a s h l i g h t s , a n d m a y a l s o i n c l u d e b o a t s
a n d r a ft s , r a d i o s a n d r o p e s t a n d -o ffs fo r p u l l -
in g a r ou n d ben ds a n d cor n er s a s n eeded.
A P P E N D I X F T O § 1910.146—R E S CU E T E A M OR
R E S CU E S E R V I CE E V A L U A T I ON C R I T E R I A
(N ON -M A N D A T OR Y )
(1) T h i s a p p e n d i x p r o v i d e s g u i d a n c e t o e m -
ploy er s in ch oosin g a n a ppr opr ia t e r escu e
ser vice. It con t a in s cr it er ia t h a t m a y be u sed
t o eva lu a t e t h e ca pa bilit ies bot h of pr ospec-
t i v e a n d c u r r e n t r e s c u e t e a m s . B e fo r e a r e s -
cu e t ea m ca n be t r a in ed or ch osen , h owever ,
a s a t i s fa c t o r y p e r m i t p r o g r a m , i n c l u d i n g a n
a n a l y s i s o f a l l p e r m i t -r e q u i r e d c o n fi n e d
s p a c e s t o i d e n t i fy a l l p o t e n t i a l h a za r d s i n
t h o s e s p a c e s , m u s t b e c o m p l e t e d . OS H A b e -
lieves t h a t com plia n ce wit h a ll t h e pr ovi-
s i o n s o f § 1910.146 w i l l e n a b l e e m p l o y e r s t o
con du ct per m it spa ce oper a t ion s wit h ou t r e-
cou r se t o r escu e ser vices in n ea r ly a ll ca ses.
However , exper ien ce in dica t es t h a t cir -
cu m st a n ces will a r ise wh er e en t r a n t s will
n e e d t o b e r e s c u e d fr o m p e r m i t s p a c e s . I t i s
t h e r e fo r e i m p o r t a n t fo r e m p l o y e r s t o s e l e c t
r e s c u e s e r v i c e s o r t e a m s , e i t h e r o n -s i t e o r
o ff-s i t e , t h a t a r e e q u i p p e d a n d c a p a b l e o f
m i n i m i zi n g h a r m t o b o t h e n t r a n t s a n d r e s -
cu er s if t h e n eed a r ises.
(2) F o r a l l r e s c u e t e a m s o r s e r v i c e s , t h e
e m p l o y e r ’s e v a l u a t i o n s h o u l d c o n s i s t o f t w o
com pon en t s: a n in it ia l eva lu a t ion , in wh ich
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.146
em ploy er s decide wh et h er a pot en t ia l r escu e
ser vice or t ea m is a dequ a t ely t r a in ed a n d
e q u i p p e d t o p e r fo r m p e r m i t s p a c e r e s c u e s o f
t h e k i n d n e e d e d a t t h e fa c i l i t y a n d w h e t h e r
su ch r escu er s ca n r espon d in a t im ely m a n -
n e r , a n d a p e r fo r m a n c e e v a l u a t i o n , i n w h i c h
e m p l o y e r s m e a s u r e t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e
t ea m or ser vice du r in g a n a ct u a l or pr a ct ice
r escu e. F or exa m ple, ba sed on t h e in it ia l
eva lu a t ion , a n em ploy er m a y det er m in e t h a t
m a i n t a i n i n g a n o n -s i t e r e s c u e t e a m w i l l b e
m or e expen sive t h a n obt a in in g t h e ser vices
o f a n o ff-s i t e t e a m , w i t h o u t b e i n g s i g n i fi -
c a n t l y m o r e e ffe c t i v e , a n d d e c i d e t o h i r e a
r e s c u e s e r v i c e . D u r i n g a p e r fo r m a n c e e v a l u a -
t i o n , t h e e m p l o y e r c o u l d d e c i d e , a ft e r o b -
s e r v i n g t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e p e r fo r m a p r a c t i c e
r e s c u e , t h a t t h e s e r v i c e ’s t r a i n i n g o r p r e -
p a r e d n e s s w a s n o t a d e q u a t e t o e ffe c t a t i m e -
l y o r e ffe c t i v e r e s c u e a t h i s o r h e r fa c i l i t y
a n d decide t o select a n ot h er r escu e ser vice,
o r t o fo r m a n i n t e r n a l r e s c u e t e a m .
A . I n it ia l E v a lu a t ion
I. T h e em ploy er sh ou ld m eet wit h t h e pr o-
s p e c t i v e r e s c u e s e r v i c e t o fa c i l i t a t e t h e e v a l -
u a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y § 1910.146(k )(1)(i ) a n d
§ 1910.146(k )(1)(i i ). A t a m i n i m u m , i f a n o ff-
sit e r escu e ser vice is bein g con sider ed, t h e
em ploy er m u st con t a ct t h e ser vice t o pla n
a n d coor din a t e t h e eva lu a t ion s r equ ir ed by
t h e s t a n d a r d . M e r e l y p o s t i n g t h e s e r v i c e ’s
n u m b e r o r p l a n n i n g t o r e l y o n t h e 911 e m e r -
gen cy ph on e n u m ber t o obt a in t h ese ser vices
a t t h e t im e of a per m it spa ce em er gen cy
w o u l d n o t c o m p l y w i t h p a r a g r a p h (k )(1) o f
t h e st a n da r d.
II. T h e ca pa bilit ies r equ ir ed of a r escu e
ser vice va r y wit h t h e t y pe of per m it spa ces
fr o m w h i c h r e s c u e m a y b e n e c e s s a r y a n d t h e
h a za r d s l i k e l y t o b e e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h o s e
spa ces. An swer in g t h e qu est ion s below will
a ssist em ploy er s in det er m in in g wh et h er t h e
r e s c u e s e r v i c e i s c a p a b l e o f p e r fo r m i n g r e s -
cu es in t h e per m it spa ces pr esen t a t t h e em -
p l o y e r ’s w o r k p l a c e .
1. Wh a t a r e t h e n e e d s o f t h e e m p l o y e r w i t h
r e g a r d t o r e s p o n s e t i m e (t i m e fo r t h e r e s c u e
s e r v i c e t o r e c e i v e n o t i fi c a t i o n , a r r i v e a t t h e
s c e n e , a n d s e t u p a n d b e r e a d y fo r e n t r y )?
F or exa m ple, if en t r y is t o be m a de in t o a n
IDL H a t m osph er e, or in t o a spa ce t h a t ca n
q u i c k l y d e v e l o p a n I D L H a t m o s p h e r e (i f v e n -
t i l a t i o n fa i l s o r fo r o t h e r r e a s o n s ), t h e r e s c u e
t ea m or ser vice wou ld n eed t o be st a n din g by
a t t h e p e r m i t s p a c e . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , i f
t h e da n ger t o en t r a n t s is r est r ict ed t o m e-
c h a n i c a l h a za r d s t h a t w o u l d c a u s e i n j u r i e s
(e .g ., b r o k e n b o n e s , a b r a s i o n s ) a r e s p o n s e
t i m e o f 10 o r 15 m i n u t e s m i g h t b e a d e q u a t e .
2. H o w q u i c k l y c a n t h e r e s c u e t e a m o r
s e r v i c e g e t fr o m i t s l o c a t i o n t o t h e p e r m i t
s p a c e s fr o m w h i c h r e s c u e m a y b e n e c e s s a r y ?
R e l e v a n t fa c t o r s t o c o n s i d e r w o u l d i n c l u d e :
t h e loca t ion of t h e r escu e t ea m or ser vice
r e l a t i v e t o t h e e m p l o y e r ’s w o r k p l a c e , t h e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
qu a lit y of r oa ds a n d h igh wa y s t o be t r a veled,
482
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00492 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
p o t e n t i a l b o t t l e n e c k s o r t r a ffi c c o n g e s t i o n
t h a t m igh t be en cou n t er ed in t r a n sit , t h e r e-
l i a b i l i t y o f t h e r e s c u e r ’s v e h i c l e s , a n d t h e
t r a in in g a n d sk ill of it s dr iver s.
3. Wh a t i s t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t h e r e s c u e
ser vice? Is it u n a va ila ble a t cer t a in t im es of
t h e d a y o r i n c e r t a i n s i t u a t i o n s ? Wh a t i s t h e
lik elih ood t h a t k ey per son n el of t h e r escu e
ser vice m igh t be u n a va ila ble a t t im es? If t h e
r escu e ser vice becom es u n a va ila ble wh ile a n
en t r y is u n der wa y , does it h a ve t h e ca pa -
b i l i t y o f n o t i fy i n g t h e e m p l o y e r s o t h a t t h e
em ploy er ca n in st r u ct t h e a t t en da n t t o a bor t
t h e en t r y im m edia t ely ?
4. D o e s t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e m e e t a l l t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h (k )(2) o f t h e s t a n d -
a r d? If n ot , h a s it developed a pla n t h a t will
en a ble it t o m eet t h ose r equ ir em en t s in t h e
fu t u r e ? I f s o , h o w s o o n c a n t h e p l a n b e i m p l e -
m en t ed?
5. F o r o ff-s i t e s e r v i c e s , i s t h e s e r v i c e w i l l -
i n g t o p e r fo r m r e s c u e s a t t h e e m p l o y e r ’s
w o r k p l a c e ? (A n e m p l o y e r m a y n o t r e l y o n a
r e s c u e r w h o d e c l i n e s , fo r w h a t e v e r r e a s o n , t o
p r o v i d e r e s c u e s e r v i c e s .)
6. I s a n a d e q u a t e m e t h o d fo r c o m m u n i c a -
t ion s bet ween t h e a t t en da n t , em ploy er a n d
pr ospect ive r escu er a va ila ble so t h a t a r es-
cu e r equ est ca n be t r a n sm it t ed t o t h e r es-
c u e r w i t h o u t d e l a y ? H o w s o o n a ft e r n o t i fi c a -
t ion ca n a pr ospect ive r escu er dispa t ch a r es-
cu e t ea m t o t h e en t r y sit e?
7. F o r r e s c u e s i n t o s p a c e s t h a t m a y p o s e
s i g n i fi c a n t a t m o s p h e r i c h a za r d s a n d fr o m
wh ich r escu e en t r y , pa t ien t pa ck a gin g a n d
r e t r i e v a l c a n n o t b e s a fe l y a c c o m p l i s h e d i n a
r e l a t i v e l y s h o r t t i m e (15–20 m i n u t e s ), e m -
ploy er s sh ou ld con sider u sin g a ir lin e r es-
p i r a t o r s (w i t h e s c a p e b o t t l e s ) fo r t h e r e s -
cu er s a n d t o su pply r escu e a ir t o t h e pa t ien t .
I f t h e e m p l o y e r d e c i d e s t o u s e S CB A , d o e s
t h e pr ospect ive r escu e ser vice h a ve a n a m ple
su pply of r epla cem en t cy lin der s a n d pr oce-
d u r e s fo r r e s c u e r s t o e n t e r a n d e x i t (o r b e r e -
t r i e v e d ) w e l l w i t h i n t h e S CB A ’s a i r s u p p l y
lim it s?
8. I f t h e s p a c e h a s a v e r t i c a l e n t r y o v e r 5
fe e t i n d e p t h , c a n t h e p r o s p e c t i v e r e s c u e
s e r v i c e p r o p e r l y p e r fo r m e n t r y r e s c u e s ? D o e s
t h e ser vice h a ve t h e t ech n ica l k n owledge
a n d e q u i p m e n t t o p e r fo r m r o p e w o r k o r e l e -
va t ed r escu e, if n eeded?
9. D o e s t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e h a v e t h e n e c -
essa r y sk ills in m edica l eva lu a t ion , pa t ien t
pa ck a gin g a n d em er gen cy r espon se?
10. D o e s t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e h a v e t h e n e c -
e s s a r y e q u i p m e n t t o p e r fo r m r e s c u e s , o r
m u st t h e equ ipm en t be pr ovided by t h e em -
ploy er or a n ot h er sou r ce?
B . P erf orm a n ce E v a lu a t ion
R escu e ser vices a r e r equ ir ed by pa r a gr a ph
(k )(2)(i v ) o f t h e s t a n d a r d t o p r a c t i c e r e s c u e s
a t l e a s t o n c e e v e r y 12 m o n t h s , p r o v i d e d t h a t
t h e t e a m o r s e r v i c e h a s n o t s u c c e s s fu l l y p e r -
fo r m e d a p e r m i t s p a c e r e s c u e w i t h i n t h a t
t im e. As pa r t of ea ch pr a ct ice session , t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
s e r v i c e s h o u l d p e r fo r m a c r i t i q u e o f t h e p r a c -
t i c e r e s c u e , o r h a v e a n o t h e r q u a l i fi e d p a r t y
p e r fo r m t h e c r i t i q u e , s o t h a t d e fi c i e n c i e s i n
pr ocedu r es, equ ipm en t , t r a in in g, or n u m ber
o f p e r s o n n e l c a n b e i d e n t i fi e d a n d c o r r e c t e d .
T h e r esu lt s of t h e cr it iqu e, a n d t h e cor r ec-
t i o n s m a d e t o r e s p o n d t o t h e d e fi c i e n c i e s
i d e n t i fi e d , s h o u l d b e g i v e n t o t h e e m p l o y e r
t o en a ble it t o det er m in e wh et h er t h e r escu e
ser vice ca n qu ick ly be u pgr a ded t o m eet t h e
e m p l o y e r ’s r e s c u e n e e d s o r w h e t h e r a n o t h e r
s e r v i c e m u s t b e s e l e c t e d . T h e fo l l o w i n g q u e s -
t ion s will a ssist em ploy er s a n d r escu e t ea m s
a n d s e r v i c e s e v a l u a t e t h e i r p e r fo r m a n c e .
1. H a v e a l l m e m b e r s o f t h e s e r v i c e b e e n
t r a in ed a s per m it spa ce en t r a n t s, a t a m in -
im u m , in clu din g t r a in in g in t h e pot en t ia l
h a za r d s o f a l l p e r m i t s p a c e s , o r o f r e p r e s e n t -
a t i v e p e r m i t s p a c e s , fr o m w h i c h r e s c u e m a y
b e n e e d e d ? Ca n t e a m m e m b e r s r e c o g n i ze t h e
sign s, sy m pt om s, a n d con sequ en ces of expo-
s u r e t o a n y h a za r d o u s a t m o s p h e r e s t h a t m a y
be pr esen t in t h ose per m it spa ces?
2. I s e v e r y t e a m m e m b e r p r o v i d e d w i t h ,
a n d p r o p e r l y t r a i n e d i n , t h e u s e a n d n e e d fo r
P P E , s u c h a s S CB A o r fa l l a r r e s t e q u i p m e n t ,
w h i c h m a y b e r e q u i r e d t o p e r fo r m p e r m i t
s p a c e r e s c u e s i n t h e fa c i l i t y ? I s e v e r y t e a m
m e m b e r p r o p e r l y t r a i n e d t o p e r fo r m h i s o r
h e r fu n c t i o n s a n d m a k e r e s c u e s , a n d t o u s e
a n y r escu e equ ipm en t , su ch a s r opes a n d
ba ck boa r ds, t h a t m a y be n eeded in a r escu e
a t t em pt ?
3. A r e t e a m m e m b e r s t r a i n e d i n t h e fi r s t
a id a n d m edica l sk ills n eeded t o t r ea t vic-
t im s over com e or in ju r ed by t h e t y pes of
h a za r d s t h a t m a y b e e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e p e r -
m i t s p a c e s a t t h e fa c i l i t y ?
4. D o a l l t e a m m e m b e r s p e r fo r m t h e i r fu n c -
t i o n s s a fe l y a n d e ffi c i e n t l y ? D o r e s c u e s e r v -
i c e p e r s o n n e l fo c u s o n t h e i r o w n s a fe t y b e -
fo r e c o n s i d e r i n g t h e s a fe t y o f t h e v i c t i m ?
5. I f n e c e s s a r y , c a n t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e p r o p -
er ly t est t h e a t m osph er e t o det er m in e if it is
IDL H?
6. Ca n t h e r e s c u e p e r s o n n e l i d e n t i fy i n fo r -
m a t i o n p e r t i n e n t t o t h e r e s c u e fr o m e n t r y
per m it s, h ot wor k per m it s, a n d MS DS s?
7. H a s t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e b e e n i n fo r m e d o f
a n y h a za r d s t o p e r s o n n e l t h a t m a y a r i s e
fr o m o u t s i d e t h e s p a c e , s u c h a s t h o s e t h a t
m a y b e c a u s e d b y fu t u r e w o r k n e a r t h e
spa ce?
8. I f n e c e s s a r y , c a n t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e p r o p -
e r l y p a c k a g e a n d r e t r i e v e v i c t i m s fr o m a
p e r m i t s p a c e t h a t h a s a l i m i t e d s i ze o p e n i n g
(l e s s t h a n 24 i n c h e s (60.9 c m ) i n d i a m e t e r ),
lim it ed in t er n a l spa ce, or in t er n a l obst a cles
o r h a za r d s ?
9. I f n e c e s s a r y , c a n t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e s a fe -
l y p e r fo r m a n e l e v a t e d (h i g h a n g l e ) r e s c u e ?
10. D o e s t h e r e s c u e s e r v i c e h a v e a p l a n fo r
ea ch of t h e k in ds of per m it spa ce r escu e op-
e r a t i o n s a t t h e fa c i l i t y ? I s t h e p l a n a d e q u a t e
fo r a l l t y p e s o f r e s c u e o p e r a t i o n s t h a t m a y
b e n e e d e d a t t h e fa c i l i t y ? T e a m s m a y p r a c -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t ice in r epr esen t a t ive spa ces, or in spa ces
483
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00493 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.147
t h a t a r e ‘‘w o r s t -c a s e ’’ o r m o s t r e s t r i c t i v e
w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n t e r n a l c o n fi g u r a t i o n , e l e -
v a t i o n , a n d p o r t a l s i ze . T h e fo l l o w i n g c h a r a c -
t er ist ics of a pr a ct ice spa ce sh ou ld be con sid-
er ed wh en decidin g wh et h er a spa ce is t r u ly
r epr esen t a t ive of a n a ct u a l per m it spa ce:
(1) I n t e r n a l c o n fi g u r a t i o n .
(a ) Op e n —t h e r e a r e n o o b s t a c l e s , b a r r i e r s ,
o r o b s t r u c t i o n s w i t h i n t h e s p a c e . On e e x a m -
ple is a wa t er t a n k .
(b ) Ob s t r u c t e d —t h e p e r m i t s p a c e c o n t a i n s
som e t y pe of obst r u ct ion t h a t a r escu er
wou ld n eed t o m a n eu ver a r ou n d. An exa m ple
w o u l d b e a b a ffl e o r m i x i n g b l a d e . L a r g e
e q u i p m e n t , s u c h a s a l a d d e r o r s c a ffo l d ,
b r o u g h t i n t o a s p a c e fo r w o r k p u r p o s e s
wou ld be con sider ed a n obst r u ct ion if t h e po-
s i t i o n i n g o r s i ze o f t h e e q u i p m e n t w o u l d
m a k e r e s c u e m o r e d i ffi c u l t .
(2) E l e v a t i o n .
(a ) E l e v a t e d —a p e r m i t s p a c e w h e r e t h e e n -
t r a n ce por t a l or open in g is a bove gr a de by 4
fe e t o r m o r e . T h i s t y p e o f s p a c e u s u a l l y r e -
qu ir es k n owledge of h igh a n gle r escu e pr oce-
d u r e s b e c a u s e o f t h e d i ffi c u l t y i n p a c k a g i n g
a n d t r a n spor t in g a pa t ien t t o t h e gr ou n d
fr o m t h e p o r t a l .
(b ) N o n -e l e v a t e d —a p e r m i t s p a c e w i t h t h e
e n t r a n c e p o r t a l l o c a t e d l e s s t h a n 4 fe e t a b o v e
gr a de. T h is t y pe of spa ce will a llow t h e r es-
cu e t ea m t o t r a n spor t a n in ju r ed em ploy ee
n or m a lly .
(3) P o r t a l s i ze .
(a ) R e s t r i c t e d —A p o r t a l o f 24 i n c h e s o r l e s s
i n t h e l e a s t d i m e n s i o n . P o r t a l s o f t h i s s i ze
a r e t oo sm a ll t o a llow a r escu er t o sim ply
e n t e r t h e s p a c e w h i l e u s i n g S CB A . T h e p o r -
t a l s i ze i s a l s o t o o s m a l l t o a l l o w n o r m a l s p i -
n a l i m m o b i l i za t i o n o f a n i n j u r e d e m p l o y e e .
(b ) U n r e s t r i c t e d —A p o r t a l o f g r e a t e r t h a n
24 i n c h e s i n t h e l e a s t d i m e n s i o n . T h e s e p o r -
t a l s a l l o w r e l a t i v e l y fr e e m o v e m e n t i n t o a n d
ou t of t h e per m it spa ce.
(4) S p a c e a c c e s s .
(a ) H o r i zo n t a l —T h e p o r t a l i s l o c a t e d o n
t h e side of t h e per m it spa ce. Use of r et r ieva l
l i n e s c o u l d b e d i ffi c u l t .
(b ) V e r t i c a l —T h e p o r t a l i s l o c a t e d o n t h e
t op of t h e per m it spa ce, so t h a t r escu er s
m u st clim b down , or t h e bot t om of t h e per -
m it spa ce, so t h a t r escu er s m u st clim b u p t o
en t er t h e spa ce. Ver t ica l por t a ls m a y r equ ir e
k n owledge of r ope t ech n iqu es, or specia l pa -
t i e n t p a c k a g i n g t o s a fe l y r e t r i e v e a d o w n e d
en t r a n t .
[58 F R 4549, J a n . 14, 1993; 58 F R 34845, 34846,
J u n e 29, 1993, a s a m e n d e d a t 59 F R 26114, M a y
19, 1994; 63 F R 66038, 66039, D e c . 1, 1998]
§ 1910.147 The control of hazardous
energy (lockout/tagout).
(a ) S cop e, a p p lica t ion a n d p u rp ose—(1)
S cop e. (i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d c o v e r s t h e s e r v -
icin g a n d m a in t en a n ce of m a ch in es a n d
e q u i p m e n t i n w h i c h t h e u n ex p ect ed
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.147
e n e r g i za t i o n o r s t a r t u p o f t h e m a -
ch in es or equ ipm en t , or r elea se of
st or ed en er gy cou ld ca u se in ju r y t o em -
ploy ees. T h is st a n da r d est a blish es m in -
i m u m p e r fo r m a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
t h e c o n t r o l o f s u c h h a za r d o u s e n e r g y .
(i i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d d o e s n o t c o v e r t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) Co n s t r u c t i o n , a g r i c u l t u r e a n d
m a r it im e em ploy m en t ;
(B ) I n s t a l l a t i o n s u n d e r t h e e x c l u s i v e
c o n t r o l o f e l e c t r i c u t i l i t i e s fo r t h e p u r -
pose of power gen er a t ion , t r a n sm ission
a n d dist r ibu t ion , in clu din g r ela t ed
e q u i p m e n t fo r c o m m u n i c a t i o n o r m e -
t er in g; a n d
(C) E x p o s u r e t o e l e c t r i c a l h a za r d s
fr o m w o r k o n , n e a r , o r w i t h c o n d u c t o r s
o r e q u i p m e n t i n e l e c t r i c u t i l i za t i o n i n -
st a lla t ion s, wh ich is cover ed by su b-
pa r t S of t h is pa r t ; a n d
(D ) Oi l a n d g a s w e l l d r i l l i n g a n d s e r v -
icin g.
(2) A p p lica t ion . (i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d a p -
plies t o t h e con t r ol of en er gy du r in g
s e r v i c i n g a n d /o r m a i n t e n a n c e o f m a -
ch in es a n d equ ipm en t .
(i i ) N o r m a l p r o d u c t i o n o p e r a t i o n s a r e
n o t c o v e r e d b y t h i s s t a n d a r d (S e e s u b -
p a r t 0 o f t h i s p a r t ). S e r v i c i n g a n d /o r
m a in t en a n ce wh ich t a k es pla ce du r in g
n or m a l pr odu ct ion oper a t ion s is cov-
e r e d b y t h i s s t a n d a r d o n l y i f;:
(A ) A n e m p l o y e e i s r e q u i r e d t o r e -
m o v e o r b y p a s s a g u a r d o r o t h e r s a fe t y
device; or
(B ) A n e m p l o y e e i s r e q u i r e d t o p l a c e
a n y pa r t of h is or h er body in t o a n a r ea
on a m a ch in e or piece of equ ipm en t
w h e r e w o r k i s a c t u a l l y p e r fo r m e d u p o n
t h e m a t e r i a l b e i n g p r o c e s s e d (p o i n t o f
oper a t ion ) or wh er e a n a ssocia t ed da n -
g e r zo n e e x i s t s d u r i n g a m a c h i n e o p e r -
a t in g cy cle.
N OT E : E x cep t ion t o p a ra gra p h (a )(2)(ii):
Min or t ool ch a n ges a n d a dju st m en t s, a n d
ot h er m in or ser vicin g a ct ivit ies, wh ich t a k e
pla ce du r in g n or m a l pr odu ct ion oper a t ion s,
a r e n ot cover ed by t h is st a n da r d if t h ey a r e
r ou t in e, r epet it ive, a n d in t egr a l t o t h e u se of
t h e e q u i p m e n t fo r p r o d u c t i o n , p r o v i d e d t h a t
t h e w o r k i s p e r fo r m e d u s i n g a l t e r n a t i v e
m e a s u r e s w h i c h p r o v i d e e ffe c t i v e p r o t e c t i o n
(S e e s u b p a r t 0 o f t h i s p a r t ).
(i i i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d d o e s n o t a p p l y t o
t h e fo l l o w i n g .
(A ) Wo r k o n c o r d a n d p l u g c o n n e c t e d
e l e c t r i c e q u i p m e n t fo r w h i c h e x p o s u r e
to t he h a za r d s of u n expect ed
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
e n e r g i za t i o n o r s t a r t u p o f t h e e q u i p -
484
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00494 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
m en t is con t r olled by t h e u n plu ggin g of
t h e e q u i p m e n t fr o m t h e e n e r g y s o u r c e
a n d by t h e plu g bein g u n der t h e exclu -
sive con t r ol of t h e em ploy ee per -
fo r m i n g t h e s e r v i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e .
(B ) H o t t a p o p e r a t i o n s i n v o l v i n g
t r a n sm ission a n d dist r ibu t ion sy st em s
fo r s u b s t a n c e s s u c h a s g a s , s t e a m ,
wa t er or pet r oleu m pr odu ct s wh en t h ey
a r e p e r fo r m e d o n p r e s s u r i ze d p i p e l i n e s ,
pr ovided t h a t t h e em ploy er dem -
o n s t r a t e s t h a t (1) c o n t i n u i t y o f s e r v i c e
i s e s s e n t i a l ; (2) s h u t d o w n o f t h e s y s t e m
i s i m p r a c t i c a l ; a n d (3) d o c u m e n t e d p r o -
c e d u r e s a r e fo l l o w e d , a n d s p e c i a l e q u i p -
m en t is u sed wh ich will pr ovide pr oven
e ffe c t i v e p r o t e c t i o n fo r e m p l o y e e s .
(3) P u rp ose. (i ) T h i s s e c t i o n r e q u i r e s
em ploy er s t o est a blish a pr ogr a m a n d
u t i l i ze p r o c e d u r e s fo r a ffi x i n g a p p r o -
pr ia t e lock ou t devices or t a gou t de-
vices t o en er gy isola t in g devices, a n d
t o ot h er wise disa ble m a ch in es or equ ip-
m en t to pr even t u n expect ed
e n e r g i za t i o n , s t a r t -u p o r r e l e a s e o f
st or ed en er gy in or der t o pr even t in -
ju r y t o em ploy ees.
(i i ) Wh e n o t h e r s t a n d a r d s i n t h i s p a r t
r equ ir e t h e u se of lock ou t or t a gou t ,
t h ey sh a ll be u sed a n d su pplem en t ed by
t h e pr ocedu r a l a n d t r a in in g r equ ir e-
m en t s of t h is sect ion .
(b ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is sec-
t ion .
A f f ect ed em p loy ee. A n e m p l o y e e w h o s e
j o b r e q u i r e s h i m /h e r t o o p e r a t e o r u s e a
m a ch in e or equ ipm en t on wh ich ser v-
icin g or m a in t en a n ce is bein g per -
fo r m e d u n d e r l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t , o r
w h o s e j o b r e q u i r e s h i m /h e r t o w o r k i n
a n a r ea in wh ich su ch ser vicin g or
m a i n t e n a n c e i s b e i n g p e r fo r m e d .
A u t h oriz ed em p loy ee. A p e r s o n w h o
lock s ou t or t a gs ou t m a ch in es or
e q u i p m e n t i n o r d e r t o p e r fo r m s e r v -
icin g or m a in t en a n ce on t h a t m a ch in e
o r e q u i p m e n t . A n a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e b e -
c o m e s a n a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e w h e n
t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s d u t i e s i n c l u d e p e r -
fo r m i n g s e r v i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e c o v -
er ed u n der t h is sect ion .
Ca p a ble of bein g lock ed ou t . A n e n e r g y
isola t in g device is ca pa ble of bein g
lock ed ou t if it h a s a h a sp or ot h er
m ea n s of a t t a ch m en t t o wh ich , or
t h r o u g h w h i c h , a l o c k c a n b e a ffi x e d , o r
it h a s a lock in g m ech a n ism bu ilt in t o
i t . Ot h e r e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e v i c e s a r e
ca pa ble of bein g lock ed ou t , if lock ou t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
ca n be a ch ieved wit h ou t t h e n eed t o
dism a n t le, r ebu ild, or r epla ce t h e en -
er gy isola t in g device or per m a n en t ly
a lt er it s en er gy con t r ol ca pa bilit y .
E n ergiz ed . Co n n e c t e d t o a n e n e r g y
sou r ce or con t a in in g r esidu a l or st or ed
en er gy .
E n ergy isola t in g d ev ice. A m e c h a n i c a l
device t h a t ph y sica lly pr even t s t h e
t r a n sm ission or r elea se of en er gy , in -
c l u d i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o t h e fo l -
lowin g: A m a n u a lly oper a t ed elect r ica l
cir cu it br ea k er ; a discon n ect swit ch ; a
m a n u a lly oper a t ed swit ch by wh ich t h e
con du ct or s of a cir cu it ca n be discon -
n e c t e d fr o m a l l u n g r o u n d e d s u p p l y c o n -
du ct or s, a n d, in a ddit ion , n o pole ca n
be oper a t ed in depen den t ly ; a lin e
va lve; a block ; a n d a n y sim ila r device
u sed t o block or isola t e en er gy . P u sh
bu t t on s, select or swit ch es a n d ot h er
con t r ol cir cu it t y pe devices a r e n ot en -
er gy isola t in g devices.
E n ergy sou rce. A n y s o u r c e o f e l e c -
t r ica l, m ech a n ica l, h y dr a u lic, pn eu -
m a t ic, ch em ica l, t h er m a l, or ot h er en -
er gy .
H ot t a p . A p r o c e d u r e u s e d i n t h e r e -
pa ir , m a in t en a n ce a n d ser vices a ct ivi-
t ies wh ich in volves weldin g on a piece
o f e q u i p m e n t (p i p e l i n e s , v e s s e l s o r
t a n k s) u n der pr essu r e, in or der t o in -
st a ll con n ect ion s or a ppu r t en a n ces. It
is com m on ly u sed t o r epla ce or a dd
sect ion s of pipelin e wit h ou t t h e in t er -
r u p t i o n o f s e r v i c e fo r a i r , g a s , w a t e r ,
st ea m , a n d pet r och em ica l dist r ibu t ion
sy st em s.
L ock ou t . T h e p l a c e m e n t o f a l o c k o u t
device on a n en er gy isola t in g device, in
a ccor da n ce wit h a n est a blish ed pr oce-
du r e, en su r in g t h a t t h e en er gy iso-
la t in g device a n d t h e equ ipm en t bein g
con t r olled ca n n ot be oper a t ed u n t il t h e
lock ou t device is r em oved.
L ock ou t d ev ice. A d e v i c e t h a t u t i l i ze s
a posit ive m ea n s su ch a s a lock , eit h er
k ey or com bin a t ion t y pe, t o h old a n
e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e v i c e i n a s a fe p o s i -
t i o n a n d p r e v e n t t h e e n e r g i zi n g o f a
m a ch in e or equ ipm en t . In clu ded a r e
b l a n k fl a n g e s a n d b o l t e d s l i p b l i n d s .
N orm a l p rod u ct ion op era t ion s. T h e u t i -
l i za t i o n o f a m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t t o
p e r fo r m i t s i n t e n d e d p r o d u c t i o n fu n c -
t ion .
S erv icin g a n d /or m a in t en a n ce. Wo r k -
pla ce a ct ivit ies su ch a s con st r u ct in g,
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
in st a llin g, set t in g u p, a dju st in g, in -
485
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00495 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.147
s p e c t i n g , m o d i fy i n g , a n d m a i n t a i n i n g
a n d /o r s e r v i c i n g m a c h i n e s o r e q u i p -
m en t . T h ese a ct ivit ies in clu de lu br ica -
t ion , clea n in g or u n ja m m in g of m a -
ch in es or equ ipm en t a n d m a k in g a d-
ju st m en t s or t ool ch a n ges, wh er e t h e
e m p l o y e e m a y b e e x p o s e d t o t h e u n ex -
p ect ed e n e r g i za t i o n o r s t a r t u p o f t h e
e q u i p m e n t o r r e l e a s e o f h a za r d o u s e n -
er gy .
S et t in g u p . A n y w o r k p e r fo r m e d t o
pr epa r e a m a ch in e or equ ipm en t t o per -
fo r m i t s n o r m a l p r o d u c t i o n o p e r a t i o n .
T a gou t . T h e p l a c e m e n t o f a t a g o u t
device on a n en er gy isola t in g device, in
a ccor da n ce wit h a n est a blish ed pr oce-
du r e, t o in dica t e t h a t t h e en er gy iso-
la t in g device a n d t h e equ ipm en t bein g
con t r olled m a y n ot be oper a t ed u n t il
t h e t a gou t device is r em oved.
T a gou t d ev ice. A p r o m i n e n t w a r n i n g
device, su ch a s a t a g a n d a m ea n s of a t -
t a c h m e n t , w h i c h c a n b e s e c u r e l y fa s -
t en ed t o a n en er gy isola t in g device in
a ccor da n ce wit h a n est a blish ed pr oce-
du r e, t o in dica t e t h a t t h e en er gy iso-
la t in g device a n d t h e equ ipm en t bein g
con t r olled m a y n ot be oper a t ed u n t il
t h e t a gou t device is r em oved.
(c ) Gen era l—(1) E n ergy con t rol p ro-
gra m . T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a
pr ogr a m con sist in g of en er gy con t r ol
pr ocedu r es, em ploy ee t r a in in g a n d
per iodic in spect ion s t o en su r e t h a t be-
fo r e a n y e m p l o y e e p e r fo r m s a n y s e r v -
icin g or m a in t en a n ce on a m a ch in e or
equ ipm en t wh er e t h e u n expect ed en er -
g i zi n g , s t a r t u p o r r e l e a s e o f s t o r e d e n -
er gy cou ld occu r a n d ca u se in ju r y , t h e
m a ch in e or equ ipm en t sh a ll be isola t ed
fr o m t h e e n e r g y s o u r c e , a n d r e n d e r e d
in oper a t ive.
(2) L ock ou t /t a gou t . (i ) I f a n e n e r g y i s o -
la t in g device is n ot ca pa ble of bein g
l o c k e d o u t , t h e e m p l o y e r ’s e n e r g y c o n -
t r o l p r o g r a m u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (c )(1) o f
t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l u t i l i ze a t a g o u t s y s -
t em .
(i i ) I f a n e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e v i c e i s
ca pa ble of bein g lock ed ou t , t h e em -
p l o y e r ’s e n e r g y c o n t r o l p r o g r a m u n d e r
p a r a g r a p h (c )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l
u t i l i ze l o c k o u t , u n l e s s t h e e m p l o y e r
c a n d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e u t i l i za t i o n o f
a t a g o u t s y s t e m w i l l p r o v i d e fu l l e m -
p l o y e e p r o t e c t i o n a s s e t fo r t h i n p a r a -
g r a p h (c )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.147
(i i i ) A ft e r J a n u a r y 2, 1990, w h e n e v e r
r epla cem en t or m a jor r epa ir , r en ova -
t i o n o r m o d i fi c a t i o n o f a m a c h i n e o r
e q u i p m e n t i s p e r fo r m e d , a n d w h e n e v e r
n ew m a ch in es or equ ipm en t a r e in -
s t a l l e d , e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e v i c e s fo r
su ch m a ch in e or equ ipm en t sh a ll be de-
sign ed t o a ccept a lock ou t device.
(3) F u ll em p loy ee p rot ect ion . (i ) Wh e n a
t a gou t device is u sed on a n en er gy iso-
la t in g device wh ich is ca pa ble of bein g
lock ed ou t , t h e t a gou t device sh a ll be
a t t a ch ed a t t h e sa m e loca t ion t h a t t h e
lock ou t device wou ld h a ve been a t -
t a ch ed, a n d t h e em ploy er sh a ll dem -
on st r a t e t h a t t h e t a gou t pr ogr a m will
p r o v i d e a l e v e l o f s a fe t y e q u i v a l e n t t o
t h a t obt a in ed by u sin g a lock ou t pr o-
gr a m .
(i i ) I n d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h a t a l e v e l o f
s a fe t y i s a c h i e v e d i n t h e t a g o u t p r o -
gr a m wh ich is equ iva len t t o t h e level
o f s a fe t y o b t a i n e d b y u s i n g a l o c k o u t
pr ogr a m , t h e em ploy er sh a ll dem -
o n s t r a t e fu l l c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l
t a g o u t -r e l a t e d p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s s t a n d -
a r d t oget h er wit h su ch a ddit ion a l ele-
m en t s a s a r e n ecessa r y t o pr ovide t h e
e q u i v a l e n t s a fe t y a v a i l a b l e fr o m t h e
u se of a lock ou t device. Addit ion a l
m ea n s t o be con sider ed a s pa r t of t h e
d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f fu l l e m p l o y e e p r o t e c -
t ion sh a ll in clu de t h e im plem en t a t ion
o f a d d i t i o n a l s a fe t y m e a s u r e s s u c h a s
t h e r em ova l of a n isola t in g cir cu it ele-
m en t , block in g of a con t r ollin g swit ch ,
open in g of a n ext r a discon n ect in g de-
vice, or t h e r em ova l of a va lve h a n dle
t o r edu ce t h e lik elih ood of in a dver t en t
e n e r g i za t i o n .
(4) E n ergy con t rol p roced u re. (i ) P r o c e -
du r es sh a ll be developed, docu m en t ed
a n d u t i l i ze d fo r t h e c o n t r o l o f p o t e n -
t i a l l y h a za r d o u s e n e r g y w h e n e m p l o y -
ees a r e en ga ged in t h e a ct ivit ies cov-
er ed by t h is sect ion .
N OT E : E x cep t ion : T h e e m p l o y e r n e e d n o t
d o c u m e n t t h e r e q u i r e d p r o c e d u r e fo r a p a r -
t icu la r m a ch in e or equ ipm en t , wh en a ll of
t h e fo l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s e x i s t : (1) T h e m a -
c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t h a s n o p o t e n t i a l fo r
st or ed or r esidu a l en er gy or r ea ccu m u la t ion
o f s t o r e d e n e r g y a ft e r s h u t d o w n w h i c h c o u l d
e n d a n g e r e m p l o y e e s ; (2) t h e m a c h i n e o r
equ ipm en t h a s a sin gle en er gy sou r ce wh ich
c a n b e r e a d i l y i d e n t i fi e d a n d i s o l a t e d ; (3) t h e
isola t ion a n d lock in g ou t of t h a t en er gy
s o u r c e w i l l c o m p l e t e l y d e e n e r g i ze a n d d e -
a c t i v a t e t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t ; (4) t h e
m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s i s o l a t e d fr o m t h a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
en er gy sou r ce a n d lock ed ou t du r in g ser v-
486
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e ; (5) a s i n g l e l o c k o u t d e -
v i c e w i l l a c h i e v e a l o c k e d -o u t c o n d i t i o n ; (6)
t h e lock ou t device is u n der t h e exclu sive
c o n t r o l o f t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e p e r -
fo r m i n g t h e s e r v i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e ; (7)
t h e ser vicin g or m a in t en a n ce does n ot cr ea t e
h a za r d s fo r o t h e r e m p l o y e e s ; a n d (8) t h e e m -
p l o y e r , i n u t i l i zi n g t h i s e x c e p t i o n , h a s h a d
n o a cciden t s in volvin g t h e u n expect ed a ct i-
v a t i o n o r r e e n e r g i za t i o n o f t h e m a c h i n e o r
equ ipm en t du r in g ser vicin g or m a in t en a n ce.
(i i ) T h e p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l c l e a r l y a n d
s p e c i fi c a l l y o u t l i n e t h e s c o p e , p u r p o s e ,
a u t h o r i za t i o n , r u l e s , a n d t e c h n i q u e s t o
b e u t i l i ze d fo r t h e c o n t r o l o f h a za r d o u s
e n e r g y , a n d t h e m e a n s t o e n fo r c e c o m -
plia n ce in clu din g, bu t n ot lim it ed t o,
t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) A s p e c i fi c s t a t e m e n t o f t h e i n -
t en ded u se of t h e pr ocedu r e;
(B ) S p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r a l s t e p s fo r
sh u t t in g down , isola t in g, block in g a n d
secu r in g m a ch in es or equ ipm en t t o
c o n t r o l h a za r d o u s e n e r g y ;
(C) S p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r a l s t e p s fo r t h e
p l a c e m e n t , r e m o v a l a n d t r a n s fe r o f
lock ou t devices or t a gou t devices a n d
t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y fo r t h e m ; a n d
(D ) S p e c i fi c r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r t e s t i n g
a m a ch in e or equ ipm en t t o det er m in e
a n d v e r i fy t h e e ffe c t i v e n e s s o f l o c k o u t
devices, t a gou t devices, a n d ot h er en -
er gy con t r ol m ea su r es.
(5) P rot ect iv e m a t eria ls a n d h a rd w a re.
(i ) L o c k s , t a g s , c h a i n s , w e d g e s , k e y
b l o c k s , a d a p t e r p i n s , s e l f-l o c k i n g fa s -
t en er s, or ot h er h a r dwa r e sh a ll be pr o-
v i d e d b y t h e e m p l o y e r fo r i s o l a t i n g , s e -
cu r in g or block in g of m a ch in es or
e q u i p m e n t fr o m e n e r g y s o u r c e s .
(i i ) L o c k o u t d e v i c e s a n d t a g o u t d e -
v i c e s s h a l l b e s i n g u l a r l y i d e n t i fi e d ;
s h a l l b e t h e o n l y d e v i c e s (s ) u s e d fo r
con t r ollin g en er gy ; sh a ll n ot be u sed
fo r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a n d s h a l l m e e t t h e
fo l l o w i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(A ) D u ra ble. (1) L o c k o u t a n d t a g o u t
devices sh a ll be ca pa ble of wit h -
st a n din g t h e en vir on m en t t o wh ich
t h e y a r e e x p o s e d fo r t h e m a x i m u m p e -
r iod of t im e t h a t exposu r e is expect ed.
(2) T a g o u t d e v i c e s s h a l l b e c o n -
st r u ct ed a n d pr in t ed so t h a t exposu r e
t o wea t h er con dit ion s or wet a n d da m p
loca t ion s will n ot ca u se t h e t a g t o de-
t er ior a t e or t h e m essa ge on t h e t a g t o
becom e illegible.
(3) T a g s s h a l l n o t d e t e r i o r a t e w h e n
u sed in cor r osive en vir on m en t s su ch a s
a r ea s wh er e a cid a n d a lk a li ch em ica ls
a r e h a n dled a n d st or ed.
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(B ) S t a n d a rd iz ed . L o c k o u t a n d t a g o u t
d e v i c e s s h a l l b e s t a n d a r d i ze d w i t h i n
t h e fa c i l i t y i n a t l e a s t o n e o f t h e fo l -
l o w i n g c r i t e r i a : Co l o r ; s h a p e ; o r s i ze ;
a n d a ddit ion a lly , in t h e ca se of t a gou t
d e v i c e s , p r i n t a n d fo r m a t s h a l l b e
s t a n d a r d i ze d .
(C) S u bst a n t ia l—(1) L ock ou t d ev ices.
L ock ou t devices sh a ll be su bst a n t ia l
en ou gh t o pr even t r em ova l wit h ou t t h e
u s e o f e x c e s s i v e fo r c e o r u n u s u a l t e c h -
n iqu es, su ch a s wit h t h e u se of bolt
cu t t er s or ot h er m et a l cu t t in g t ools.
(2) T a gou t d ev ices. T a g o u t d e v i c e s , i n -
clu din g a n d t h eir m ea n s of a t t a ch m en t ,
sh a ll be su bst a n t ia l en ou gh t o pr even t
in a dver t en t or a cciden t a l r em ova l.
T a gou t device a t t a ch m en t m ea n s sh a ll
b e o f a n o n -r e u s a b l e t y p e , a t t a c h a b l e
b y h a n d , s e l f-l o c k i n g , a n d n o n -r e l e a s -
a ble wit h a m in im u m u n lock in g
s t r e n g t h o f n o l e s s t h a n 50 p o u n d s a n d
h a vin g t h e gen er a l design a n d ba sic
ch a r a ct er ist ics of bein g a t lea st equ iv-
a l e n t t o a o n e -p i e c e , a l l -e n v i r o n m e n t -
t oler a n t n y lon ca ble t ie.
(D ) I d en t if ia ble. L o c k o u t d e v i c e s a n d
t a gou t devices sh a ll in dica t e t h e iden -
t it y of t h e em ploy ee a pply in g t h e de-
v i c e (s ).
(i i i ) T a g o u t devices sh a ll wa r n
a g a i n s t h a za r d o u s c o n d i t i o n s i f t h e m a -
c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s e n e r g i ze d a n d
s h a l l i n c l u d e a l e g e n d s u c h a s t h e fo l -
l o w i n g : D o N ot S t a rt , D o N ot O p en , D o
N ot Close, D o N ot E n ergiz e, D o N ot O p er-
a t e.
(6) P eriod ic in sp ect ion . (i ) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll con du ct a per iodic in spec-
t ion of t h e en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r e a t
lea st a n n u a lly t o en su r e t h a t t h e pr o-
cedu r e a n d t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is
s t a n d a r d a r e b e i n g fo l l o w e d .
(A ) T h e p e r i o d i c i n s p e c t i o n s h a l l b e
p e r fo m e d b y a n a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e
o t h e r t h a n t h e o n e s (s ) u t i l i zi n g t h e e n -
er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r e bein g in spect ed.
(B ) T h e p e r i o d i c i n s p e c t i o n s h a l l b e
con du ct ed t o cor r ect a n y devia t ion s or
i n a d e q u a c i e s i d e n t i fi e d .
(C) Wh e r e l o c k o u t i s u s e d fo r e n e r g y
con t r ol, t h e per iodic in spect ion sh a ll
in clu de a r eview, bet ween t h e in spect or
a n d e a c h a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e , o f t h a t
e m p l o y e e ’s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s u n d e r t h e
en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r e bein g in -
spect ed.
(D ) Wh e r e t a g o u t i s u s e d fo r e n e r g y
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
con t r ol, t h e per iodic in spect ion sh a ll
487
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00497 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.147
in clu de a r eview, bet ween t h e in spect or
a n d e a c h a u t h o r i ze d a n d a ffe c t e d e m -
p l o y e e , o f t h a t e m p l o y e e ’s r e s p o n s i b i l -
it ies u n der t h e en er gy con t r ol pr oce-
du r e bein g in spect ed, a n d t h e elem en t s
s e t fo r t h i n p a r a g r a p h (c )(7)(i i ) o f t h i s
sect ion .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t
t h e per iodic in spect ion s h a ve been per -
fo r m e d . T h e c e r t i fi c a t i o n s h a l l i d e n t i fy
t h e m a ch in e or equ ipm en t on wh ich
t h e en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r e wa s bein g
u t i l i ze d , t h e d a t e o f t h e i n s p e c t i o n , t h e
em ploy ees in clu ded in t h e in spect ion ,
a n d t h e p e r s o n p e r fo r m i n g t h e i n s p e c -
t ion .
(7) T ra in in g a n d com m u n ica t ion . (i )
T h e em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide t r a in in g t o
e n s u r e t h a t t h e p u r p o s e a n d fu n c t i o n o f
t h e en er gy con t r ol pr ogr a m a r e u n der -
st ood by em ploy ees a n d t h a t t h e
k n o w l e d g e a n d s k i l l s r e q u i r e d fo r t h e
s a fe a p p l i c a t i o n , u s a g e , a n d r e m o v a l o f
t h e en er gy con t r ols a r e a cqu ir ed by
em ploy ees. T h e t r a in in g sh a ll in clu de
t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) E a c h a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s h a l l
r eceive t r a in in g in t h e r ecogn it ion of
a p p l i c a b l e h a za r d o u s e n e r g y s o u r c e s ,
t h e t y pe a n d m a gn it u de of t h e en er gy
a va ila ble in t h e wor k pla ce, a n d t h e
m e t h o d s a n d m e a n s n e c e s s a r y fo r e n -
er gy isola t ion a n d con t r ol.
(B ) E a c h a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s h a l l b e
in st r u ct ed in t h e pu r pose a n d u se of
t h e en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r e.
(C) A l l o t h e r e m p l o y e e s w h o s e w o r k
oper a t ion s a r e or m a y be in a n a r ea
wh er e en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r es m a y
b e u t i l i ze d , s h a l l b e i n s t r u c t e d a b o u t
t h e pr ocedu r e, a n d a bou t t h e pr oh ibi-
t ion r ela t in g t o a t t em pt s t o r est a r t or
r e e n e r g i ze m a c h i n e s o r e q u i p m e n t
wh ich a r e lock ed ou t or t a gged ou t .
(i i ) Wh e n t a g o u t s y s t e m s a r e u s e d ,
em ploy ees sh a ll a lso be t r a in ed in t h e
fo l l o w i n g l i m i t a t i o n s o f t a g s :
(A ) T a g s a r e e s s e n t i a l l y w a r n i n g d e -
v i c e s a ffi x e d t o e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e -
vices, a n d do n ot pr ovide t h e ph y sica l
r est r a in t on t h ose devices t h a t is pr o-
vided by a lock .
(B ) Wh e n a t a g i s a t t a c h e d t o a n e n -
er gy isola t in g m ea n s, it is n ot t o be r e-
m o v e d w i t h o u t a u t h o r i za t i o n o f t h e a u -
t h o r i ze d p e r s o n r e s p o n s i b l e fo r i t , a n d
it is n ever t o be by pa ssed, ign or ed, or
o t h e r w i s e d e fe a t e d .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.147
(C) T a g s m u s t b e l e g i b l e a n d u n d e r -
s t a n d a b l e b y a l l a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s ,
a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s , a n d a l l o t h e r e m -
ploy ees wh ose wor k oper a t ion s a r e or
m a y b e i n t h e a r e a , i n o r d e r t o b e e ffe c -
t ive.
(D ) T a g s a n d t h e i r m e a n s o f a t t a c h -
m en t m u st be m a de of m a t er ia ls wh ich
will wit h st a n d t h e en vir on m en t a l con -
dit ion s en cou n t er ed in t h e wor k pla ce.
(E ) T a g s m a y e v o k e a fa l s e s e n s e o f
secu r it y , a n d t h eir m ea n in g n eeds t o be
u n der st ood a s pa r t of t h e over a ll en -
er gy con t r ol pr ogr a m .
(F ) T a g s m u s t b e s e c u r e l y a t t a c h e d
t o en er gy isola t in g devices so t h a t t h ey
ca n n ot be in a dver t en t ly or a cciden -
t a lly det a ch ed du r in g u se.
(i i i ) E m p l o y e e r e t r a i n i n g .
(A ) R e t r a i n i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d fo r
a l l a u t h o r i ze d a n d a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s
wh en ever t h er e is a ch a n ge in t h eir job
a ssign m en t s, a ch a n ge in m a ch in es,
equ ipm en t or pr ocesses t h a t pr esen t a
n e w h a za r d , o r w h e n t h e r e i s a c h a n g e
in t h e en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r es.
(B ) A d d i t i o n a l r e t r a i n i n g s h a l l a l s o
be con du ct ed wh en ever a per iodic in -
s p e c t i o n u n d e r p a r a g r a p h (c )(6) o f t h i s
sect ion r evea ls, or wh en ever t h e em -
ploy er h a s r ea son t o believe, t h a t t h er e
a r e d e v i a t i o n s fr o m o r i n a d e q u a c i e s i n
t h e e m p l o y e e ’s k n o w l e d g e o r u s e o f t h e
en er gy con t r ol pr ocedu r es.
(C) T h e r e t r a i n i n g s h a l l r e e s t a b l i s h
e m p l o y e e p r o fi c i e n c y a n d i n t r o d u c e
n ew or r evised con t r ol m et h ods a n d
pr ocedu r es, a s n ecessa r y .
(i v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l c e r t i fy t h a t
em ploy ee t r a in in g h a s been a ccom -
plish ed a n d is bein g k ept u p t o da t e.
T h e c e r t i fi c a t i o n s h a l l c o n t a i n e a c h
e m p l o y e e ’s n a m e a n d d a t e s o f t r a i n i n g .
(8) E n ergy isola t ion . L o c k o u t o r
t a g o u t s h a l l b e p e r fo r m e d o n l y b y t h e
a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s w h o a r e p e r -
fo r m i n g t h e s e r v i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e .
(9) N ot if ica t ion of em p loy ees. A ffe c t e d
e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e n o t i fi e d b y t h e e m -
p l o y e r o r a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e o f t h e
a pplica t ion a n d r em ova l of lock ou t de-
v i c e s o r t a g o u t d e v i c e s . N o t i fi c a t i o n
s h a l l b e g i v e n b e fo r e t h e c o n t r o l s a r e
a p p l i e d , a n d a ft e r t h e y a r e r e m o v e d
fr o m t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t .
(d ) A p p lica t ion of con t rol. T h e e s t a b -
l i s h e d p r o c e d u r e s fo r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f
e n e r g y c o n t r o l (t h e l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
p r o c e d u r e s ) s h a l l c o v e r t h e fo l l o w i n g
488
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00498 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
elem en t s a n d a ct ion s a n d sh a ll be don e
i n t h e fo l l o w i n g s e q u e n c e :
(1) P rep a ra t ion f or sh u t d ow n . B e fo r e
a n a u t h o r i ze d o r a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e
t u r n s o ff a m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t , t h e
a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s h a l l h a v e k n o w l -
edge of t h e t y pe a n d m a gn it u de of t h e
e n e r g y , t h e h a za r d s o f t h e e n e r g y t o b e
con t r olled, a n d t h e m et h od or m ea n s t o
con t r ol t h e en er gy .
(2) M a ch in e or equ ip m en t sh u t d ow n .
T h e m a ch in e or equ ipm en t sh a ll be
t u r n e d o ff o r s h u t d o w n u s i n g t h e p r o -
c e d u r e s e s t a b l i s h e d fo r t h e m a c h i n e o r
equ ipm en t . An or der ly sh u t down m u st
b e u t i l i ze d t o a v o i d a n y a d d i t i o n a l o r
i n c r e a s e d h a za r d (s ) t o e m p l o y e e s a s a
r esu lt of t h e equ ipm en t st oppa ge.
(3) M a ch in e or equ ip m en t isola t ion . A l l
en er gy isola t in g devices t h a t a r e n eed-
ed t o con t r ol t h e en er gy t o t h e m a -
ch in e or equ ipm en t sh a ll be ph y sica lly
loca t ed a n d oper a t ed in su ch a m a n n er
a s t o isola t e t h e m a ch in e or equ ipm en t
fr o m t h e e n e r g y s o u r c e (s ).
(4) L ock ou t or t a gou t d ev ice a p p lica -
t ion . (i ) L o c k o u t o r t a g o u t d e v i c e s s h a l l
b e a ffi x e d t o e a c h e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e -
v i c e b y a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s .
(i i ) L o c k o u t d e v i c e s , w h e r e u s e d ,
s h a l l b e a ffi x e d i n a m a n n e r t o t h a t
will h old t h e en er gy isola t in g devices
i n a ‘‘s a fe ’’ o r ‘‘o ff’’ p o s i t i o n .
(i i i ) T a g o u t d e v i c e s , w h e r e u s e d , s h a l l
b e a ffi x e d i n s u c h a m a n n e r a s w i l l
clea r ly in dica t e t h a t t h e oper a t ion or
m ovem en t of en er gy isola t in g devices
fr o m t h e ‘‘s a fe ’’ o r ‘‘o ff’’ p o s i t i o n i s
pr oh ibit ed.
(A ) Wh e r e t a g o u t d e v i c e s a r e u s e d
wit h en er gy isola t in g devices design ed
wit h t h e ca pa bilit y of bein g lock ed, t h e
t a g a t t a c h m e n t s h a l l b e fa s t e n e d a t t h e
sa m e poin t a t wh ich t h e lock wou ld
h a ve been a t t a ch ed.
(B ) Wh e r e a t a g c a n n o t b e a ffi x e d d i -
r ect ly t o t h e en er gy isola t in g device,
t h e t a g sh a ll be loca t ed a s close a s
s a fe l y p o s s i b l e t o t h e d e v i c e , i n a p o s i -
t ion t h a t will be im m edia t ely obviou s
t o a n y on e a t t em pt in g t o oper a t e t h e
device.
(5) S t ored en ergy . (i ) F o l l o w i n g t h e a p -
plica t ion of lock ou t or t a gou t devices
t o en er gy isola t in g devices, a ll pot en -
t i a l l y h a za r d o u s s t o r e d o r r e s i d u a l e n -
er gy sh a ll be r elieved, discon n ect ed, r e-
s t r a i n e d , a n d o t h e r w i s e r e n d e r e d s a fe .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(i i ) I f t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f r e -
a ccu m u la t ion of st or ed en er gy t o a
h a za r d o u s l e v e l , v e r i fi c a t i o n o f i s o l a -
t ion sh a ll be con t in u ed u n t il t h e ser v-
icin g or m a in t en a n ce is com plet ed, or
u n t il t h e possibilit y of su ch a ccu m u la -
t ion n o lon ger exist s.
(6) V erif ica t ion of isola t ion . P r i o r t o
st a r t in g wor k on m a ch in es or equ ip-
m en t t h a t h a ve been lock ed ou t or
t a g g e d o u t , t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e
sh a ll v e r i fy t hat isola t ion and
d e e n e r g i za t i o n o f t h e m a c h i n e o r
equ ipm en t h a ve been a ccom plish ed.
(e ) R elea se f rom lock ou t or t a gou t . B e -
fo r e l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t d e v i c e s a r e r e -
m oved a n d en er gy is r est or ed t o t h e
m a ch in e or equ ipm en t , pr ocedu r es
s h a l l b e fo l l o w e d a n d a c t i o n s t a k e n b y
t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e (s ) t o e n s u r e
t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(1) T h e m a ch in e or equ ip m en t . T h e
wor k a r ea sh a ll be in spect ed t o en su r e
t h a t n on essen t ia l it em s h a ve been r e-
m oved a n d t o en su r e t h a t m a ch in e or
equ ipm en t com pon en t s a r e oper a t ion -
a lly in t a ct .
(2) E m p loy ees. (i ) T h e w o r k a r e a s h a l l
be ch eck ed t o en su r e t h a t a ll em ploy -
e e s h a v e b e e n s a fe l y p o s i t i o n e d o r r e -
m oved.
(i i ) A ft e r l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t d e v i c e s
h a v e b e e n r e m o v e d a n d b e fo r e a m a -
c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s s t a r t e d , a ffe c t e d
e m p l o y e e s s h a l l b e n o t i fi e d t h a t t h e
l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t d e v i c e (s ) h a v e b e e n
r em oved.
(3) L ock ou t or t a gou t d ev ices rem ov a l.
E a ch lock ou t or t a gou t device sh a ll be
r e m o v e d fr o m e a c h e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e -
vice by t h e em ploy ee wh o a pplied t h e
d e v i c e . E x cep t ion t o p a ra gra p h (e)(3):
Wh e n t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e w h o a p -
plied t h e lock ou t or t a gou t device is
n ot a va ila ble t o r em ove it , t h a t device
m a y be r em oved u n der t h e dir ect ion of
t h e e m p l o y e r , p r o v i d e d t h a t s p e c i fi c
p r o c e d u r e s a n d t r a i n i n g fo r s u c h r e -
m ova l h a ve been developed, docu -
m en t ed a n d in cor por a t ed in t o t h e em -
p l o y e r ’s e n e r g y c o n t r o l p r o g r a m . T h e
em ploy er sh a ll dem on st r a t e t h a t t h e
s p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r e p r o v i d e s e q u i v a l e n t
s a fe t y t o t h e r e m o v a l o f t h e d e v i c e b y
t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e w h o a p p l i e d
i t . T h e s p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r e s h a l l i n c l u d e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g e l e m e n t s :
489
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00499 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.147
(i ) V e r fi c a t i o n b y t h e e m p l o y e r t h a t
t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e w h o a p p l i e d
t h e d e v i c e i s n o t a t t h e fa c i l i t y ;
(i i ) M a k i n g a l l r e a s o n a b l e e ffo r t s t o
c o n t a c t t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e t o i n -
fo r m h i m /h e r t h a t h i s /h e r l o c k o u t o r
t a gou t device h a s been r em oved; a n d
(i i i ) E n s u r i n g t h a t t h e a u t h o r i ze d
e m p l o y e e h a s t h i s k n o w l e d g e b e fo r e h e /
s h e r e s u m e s w o r k a t t h a t fa c i l i t y .
(f) A d d it ion a l requ irem en t s—(1) T est in g
or p osit ion in g of m a ch in es, equ ip m en t or
com p on en t s t h ereof . I n s i t u a t i o n s i n
wh ich lock ou t or t a gou t devices m u st
b e t e m p o r a r i l y r e m o v e d fr o m t h e e n -
er gy isola t in g device a n d t h e m a ch in e
o r e q u i p m e n t e n e r g i ze d t o t e s t o r p o s i -
t ion t h e m a ch in e, equ ipm en t or com po-
n e n t t h e r e o f, t h e fo l l o w i n g s e q u e n c e o f
a c t i o n s s h a l l b e fo l l o w e d :
(i ) Cl e a r t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t o f
t ools a n d m a t er ia ls in a ccor da n ce wit h
p a r a g r a p h (e )(1) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i i ) R e m o v e e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e m a -
ch in e or equ ipm en t a r ea in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (e )(2) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ;
(i i i ) R e m o v e t h e l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t
d e v i c e s a s s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (e )(3)
of t h is sect ion ;
(i v ) E n e r g i ze a n d p r o c e e d w i t h t e s t -
in g or posit ion in g;
(v ) D e e n e r g i ze a l l s y s t e m s a n d r e -
a pply en er gy con t r ol m ea su r es in a c-
c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c -
t i o n t o c o n t i n u e t h e s e r v i c i n g a n d /o r
m a in t en a n ce.
(2) O u t sid e p erson n el (con t ra ct ors, et c.).
(i ) Wh e n e v e r o u t s i d e s e r v i c i n g p e r -
son n el a r e t o be en ga ged in a ct ivit ies
cover ed by t h e scope a n d a pplica t ion of
t h i s s t a n d a r d , t h e o n -s i t e e m p l o y e r a n d
t h e o u t s i d e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i n fo r m e a c h
ot h er of t h eir r espect ive lock ou t or
t a gou t pr ocedu r es.
(i i ) T h e o n -s i t e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e
t h a t h i s /h e r e m p l o y e e s u n d e r s t a n d a n d
com ply wit h t h e r est r ict ion s a n d pr oh i-
b i t i o n s o f t h e o u t s i d e e m p l o y e r ’s e n -
er gy con t r ol pr ogr a m .
(3) Grou p lock ou t or t a gou t . (i ) Wh e n
s e r v i c i n g a n d /o r m a i n t e n a n c e i s p e r -
fo r m e d b y a c r e w , c r a ft , d e p a r t m e n t o r
o t h e r g r o u p , t h e y s h a l l u t i l i ze a p r o c e -
d u r e w h i c h a ffo r d s t h e e m p l o y e e s a
level of pr ot ect ion equ iva len t t o t h a t
pr ovided by t h e im plem en t a t ion of a
per son a l lock ou t or t a gou t device.
(i i ) G r o u p l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t d e v i c e s
sh a ll be u sed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.147
p r o c e d u r e s r e q u i r e d b y p a r a g r a p h (c )(4)
of t h is sect ion in clu din g, bu t n ot n ec-
e s s a r i l y l i m i t e d t o , t h e fo l l o w i n g s p e -
c i fi c r e q u i r e m e n t s :
(A ) P r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s v e s t e d
i n a n a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e fo r a s e t
n u m ber of em ploy ees wor k in g u n der
t h e pr ot ect ion of a gr ou p lock ou t or
t a g o u t d e v i c e (s u c h a s a n o p e r a t i o n s
l o c k );
(B ) P r o v i s i o n fo r t h e a u t h o r i ze d e m -
ploy ee t o a scer t a in t h e exposu r e st a t u s
of in dividu a l gr ou p m em ber s wit h r e-
ga r d t o t h e lock ou t or t a gou t of t h e
m a ch in e or equ ipm en t a n d
(C) Wh e n m o r e t h a n o n e c r e w , c r a ft ,
depa r t m en t , et c. is in volved, a ssign -
m e n t o f o v e r a l l j o b -a s s o c i a t e d l o c k o u t
or t a gou t con t r ol r espon sibilit y t o a n
a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e d e s i g n a t e d t o c o -
o r d i n a t e a ffe c t e d w o r k fo r c e s a n d e n -
su r e con t in u it y of pr ot ect ion ; a n d
(D ) E a c h a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s h a l l
a ffi x a p e r s o n a l l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t d e -
vice t o t h e gr ou p lock ou t device, gr ou p
lock box, or com pa r a ble m ech a n ism
wh en h e or sh e begin s wor k , a n d sh a ll
r em ove t h ose devices wh en h e or sh e
st ops wor k in g on t h e m a ch in e or equ ip-
m en t bein g ser viced or m a in t a in ed.
(4) S h if t or p erson n el ch a n ges. S p e c i fi c
p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l b e u t i l i ze d d u r i n g
s h i ft o r p e r s o n n e l c h a n g e s t o e n s u r e
t h e con t in u it y of lock ou t or t a gou t
p r o t e c t i o n , i n c l u d i n g p r o v i s i o n fo r t h e
o r d e r l y t r a n s fe r o f l o c k o u t o r t a g o u t
d e v i c e p r o t e c t i o n b e t w e e n o ff-g o i n g
a n d o n c o m i n g e m p l o y e e s , t o m i n i m i ze
e x p o s u r e t o h a za r d s fr o m t h e u n e x -
p e c t e d e n e r g i za t i o n o r s t a r t -u p o f t h e
m a ch in e or equ ipm en t , or t h e r elea se
of st or ed en er gy .
N OT E : T h e fo l l o w i n g a p p e n d i x t o § 1910.147
s e r v i c e s a s a n o n -m a n d a t o r y g u i d e l i n e t o a s -
sist em ploy er s a n d em ploy ees in com ply in g
wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion , a s well
a s t o p r o v i d e o t h e r h e l p fu l i n fo r m a t i o n .
Not h in g in t h e a ppen dix a dds t o or det r a ct s
fr o m a n y o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.147—T Y P I CA L M I N I M A L
L OCK OU T P R OCE D U R E
Gen era l
T h e fo l l o w i n g s i m p l e l o c k o u t p r o c e d u r e i s
pr ovided t o a ssist em ploy er s in developin g
t h eir pr ocedu r es so t h ey m eet t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f t h i s s t a n d a r d . Wh e n t h e e n e r g y i s o -
la t in g devices a r e n ot lock a ble, t a gou t m a y
be u sed, pr ovided t h e em ploy er com plies
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wit h t h e pr ovision s of t h e st a n da r d wh ich r e-
490
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00500 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
qu ir e a ddit ion a l t r a in in g a n d m or e r igor ou s
p e r i o d i c i n s p e c t i o n s . Wh e n t a g o u t i s u s e d
a n d t h e en er gy isola t in g devices a r e lock -
a b l e , t h e e m p l o y e r m u s t p r o v i d e fu l l e m -
p l o y e e p r o t e c t i o n (see p a r a g r a p h (c )(3)) a n d
a ddit ion a l t r a in in g a n d m or e r igor ou s per i-
odic in spect ion s a r e r equ ir ed. F or m or e com -
plex sy st em s, m or e com pr eh en sive pr oce-
du r es m a y n eed t o be developed, docu m en t ed
a n d u t i l i ze d .
L ock ou t P r ocedu r e
L o c k o u t p r o c e d u r e fo r
llllllllllllllllllllllll
(N a m e o f Co m p a n y fo r s i n g l e p r o c e d u r e o r
i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f e q u i p m e n t i f m u l t i p l e p r o -
cedu r es a r e u sed)
P u rp ose
T h is pr ocedu r e est a blish es t h e m in im u m
r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r t h e l o c k o u t o f e n e r g y i s o -
la t in g devices wh en ever m a in t en a n ce or
ser vicin g is don e on m a ch in es or equ ipm en t .
It sh a ll be u sed t o en su r e t h a t t h e m a ch in e
o r e q u i p m e n t i s s t o p p e d , i s o l a t e d fr o m a l l
p o t e n t i a l l y h a za r d o u s e n e r g y s o u r c e s a n d
l o c k e d o u t b e fo r e e m p l o y e e s p e r fo r m a n y
ser vicin g or m a in t en a n ce wh er e t h e u n ex-
p e c t e d e n e r g i za t i o n o r s t a r t -u p o f t h e m a -
ch in e or equ ipm en t or r elea se of st or ed en -
er gy cou ld ca u se in ju r y .
Com p lia n ce W it h T h is P rogra m
All em ploy ees a r e r equ ir ed t o com ply wit h
t h e r est r ict ion s a n d lim it a t ion s im posed
u pon t h em du r in g t h e u se of lock ou t . T h e a u -
t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s a r e r e q u i r e d t o p e r fo r m
t h e lock ou t in a ccor da n ce wit h t h is pr oce-
du r e. All em ploy ees, u pon obser vin g a m a -
ch in e or piece of equ ipm en t wh ich is lock ed
o u t t o p e r fo r m s e r v i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e
s h a l l n o t a t t e m p t t o s t a r t , e n e r g i ze o r u s e
t h a t m a ch in e or equ ipm en t .
llllllllllllllllllllllll
T y p e o f c o m p l i a n c e e n fo r c e m e n t t o b e t a k e n
fo r v i o l a t i o n o f t h e a b o v e .
S equ en ce of L ock ou t
(1) N o t i fy a l l a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s t h a t s e r v -
icin g or m a in t en a n ce is r equ ir ed on a m a -
ch in e or equ ipm en t a n d t h a t t h e m a ch in e or
equ ipm en t m u st be sh u t down a n d lock ed ou t
t o p e r fo r m t h e s e r v i c i n g o r m a i n t e n a n c e .
llllllllllllllllllllllll
N a m e (s )/J o b T i t l e (s ) o f a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s
a n d h o w t o n o t i fy .
(2) T h e a u t h o r i ze d e m p l o y e e s h a l l r e fe r t o
t h e c o m p a n y p r o c e d u r e t o i d e n t i fy t h e t y p e
a n d m a gn it u de of t h e en er gy t h a t t h e m a -
c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t u t i l i ze s , s h a l l u n d e r s t a n d
t h e h a za r d s o f t h e e n e r g y , a n d s h a l l k n o w
t h e m et h ods t o con t r ol t h e en er gy .
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
T y p e (s ) a n d m a g n i t u d e (s ) o f e n e r g y , i t s h a z-
a r ds a n d t h e m et h ods t o con t r ol t h e en er gy .
(3) I f t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s o p e r -
a t in g, sh u t it down by t h e n or m a l st oppin g
p r o c e d u r e (d e p r e s s s t o p b u t t o n , o p e n s w i t c h ,
c l o s e v a l v e , e t c .).
llllllllllllllllllllllll
T y p e (s ) a n d l o c a t i o n (s ) o f m a c h i n e o r e q u i p -
m en t oper a t in g con t r ols.
(4) D e -a c t i v a t e t h e e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e -
v i c e (s ) s o t h a t t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s
i s o l a t e d fr o m t h e e n e r g y s o u r c e (s ).
llllllllllllllllllllllll
T y p e (s ) a n d l o c a t i o n (s ) o f e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g
devices.
(5) L o c k o u t t h e e n e r g y i s o l a t i n g d e v i c e (s )
w i t h a s s i g n e d i n d i v i d u a l l o c k (s ).
(6) S t o r e d o r r e s i d u a l e n e r g y (s u c h a s t h a t
in ca pa cit or s, spr in gs, eleva t ed m a ch in e
m e m b e r s , r o t a t i n g fl y w h e e l s , h y d r a u l i c s y s -
t em s, a n d a ir , ga s, st ea m , or wa t er pr essu r e,
e t c .) m u s t b e d i s s i p a t e d o r r e s t r a i n e d b y
m et h ods su ch a s gr ou n din g, r eposit ion in g,
block in g, bleedin g down , et c.
llllllllllllllllllllllll
T y p e (s ) o f s t o r e d e n e r g y —m e t h o d s t o d i s -
sipa t e or r est r a in .
(7) E n s u r e t h a t t h e e q u i p m e n t i s d i s c o n -
n e c t e d fr o m t h e e n e r g y s o u r c e (s ) b y fi r s t
ch eck in g t h a t n o per son n el a r e exposed, t h en
v e r i fy t h e i s o l a t i o n o f t h e e q u i p m e n t b y o p -
er a t in g t h e pu sh bu t t on or ot h er n or m a l op-
e r a t i n g c o n t r o l (s ) o r b y t e s t i n g t o m a k e c e r -
t a in t h e equ ipm en t will n ot oper a t e.
C A U T I ON : R e t u r n o p e r a t i n g c o n t r o l (s ) t o
n e u t r a l o r ‘‘o ff’’ p o s i t i o n a ft e r v e r i fy i n g t h e
isola t ion of t h e equ ipm en t .
llllllllllllllllllllllll
M e t h o d o f v e r i fy i n g t h e i s o l a t i o n o f t h e
equ ipm en t .
(8) T h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s n o w
lock ed ou t .
R est orin g E qu ip m en t t o S erv ice. Wh e n t h e
ser vicin g or m a in t en a n ce is com plet ed a n d
t h e m a ch in e or equ ipm en t is r ea dy t o r et u r n
t o n o r m a l o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n , t h e fo l l o w i n g
st eps sh a ll be t a k en .
(1) Ch e c k t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t a n d
t h e im m edia t e a r ea a r ou n d t h e m a ch in e or
equ ipm en t t o en su r e t h a t n on essen t ia l it em s
h a ve been r em oved a n d t h a t t h e m a ch in e or
equ ipm en t com pon en t s a r e oper a t ion a lly in -
t a ct .
(2) Ch e c k t h e w o r k a r e a t o e n s u r e t h a t a l l
e m p l o y e e s h a v e b e e n s a fe l y p o s i t i o n e d o r r e -
m o v e d fr o m t h e a r e a .
(3) V e r i fy t h a t t h e c o n t r o l s a r e i n n e u t r a l .
(4) R e m o v e t h e l o c k o u t d e v i c e s a n d r e e n e r -
g i ze t h e m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t .
N OT E : T h e r e m o v a l o f s o m e fo r m s o f b l o c k -
i n g m a y r e q u i r e r e e n e r g i za t i o n o f t h e m a -
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
c h i n e b e fo r e s a fe r e m o v a l .
491
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00501 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.151
(5) N o t i fy a ffe c t e d e m p l o y e e s t h a t t h e s e r v -
icin g or m a in t en a n ce is com plet ed a n d t h e
m a c h i n e o r e q u i p m e n t i s r e a d y fo r u s e .
[54 F R 36687, S e p t . 1, 1989, a s a m e n d e d a t 54
F R 42498, Oc t . 17, 1989; 55 F R 38685, 38686,
S e p t . 20, 1990]
Subpart K—Medical and First Aid
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c t i o n s 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u -
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970, 29
U .S .C. 653, 655, a n d 657; S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F R 35736), 1–90 (55 F R 9033), 6–
96 (62 F R 111), o r 3–2000 (65 F R 50017), a s a p -
p l i c a b l e , a n d 29 CF R p a r t 1911.
§ 1910.151 Medical services and first
aid.
(a ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l e n s u r e t h e
r ea dy a va ila bilit y of m edica l per son n el
fo r a d v i c e a n d c o n s u l t a t i o n o n m a t t e r s
of pla n t h ea lt h .
(b ) I n t h e a b s e n c e o f a n i n fi r m a r y ,
clin ic, or h ospit a l in n ea r pr oxim it y t o
t h e w o r k p l a c e w h i c h i s u s e d fo r t h e
t r ea t m en t of a ll in ju r ed em ploy ees, a
per son or per son s sh a ll be a dequ a t ely
t r a i n e d t o r e n d e r fi r s t a i d . A d e q u a t e
fi r s t a i d s u p p l i e s s h a l l b e r e a d i l y a v a i l -
a ble.
(c ) Wh e r e t h e e y e s o r b o d y o f a n y p e r -
son m a y be exposed t o in ju r iou s cor r o-
s i v e m a t e r i a l s , s u i t a b l e fa c i l i t i e s fo r
q u i c k d r e n c h i n g o r fl u s h i n g o f t h e e y e s
a n d body sh a ll be pr ovided wit h in t h e
w o r k a r e a fo r i m m e d i a t e e m e r g e n c y
u se.
A P P E N D I X A T O § 1910.151—F I R S T A I D K I T S
(N ON -M A N D A T OR Y )
F ir st a id su pplies a r e r equ ir ed t o be r ea dily
a v a i l a b l e u n d e r p a r a g r a p h § 1910.151(b ). A n
exa m ple of t h e m in im a l con t en t s of a gen er ic
fi r s t a i d k i t i s d e s c r i b e d i n A m e r i c a n N a -
t i o n a l S t a n d a r d (A N S I ) Z 308.1–1998 ‘‘M i n -
i m u m R e q u i r e m e n t s fo r Wo r k p l a c e F i r s t -a i d
K i t s .’’ T h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e k i t l i s t e d i n t h e
A N S I s t a n d a r d s h o u l d b e a d e q u a t e fo r s m a l l
w o r k s i t e s . Wh e n l a r g e r o p e r a t i o n s o r m u l -
t iple oper a t ion s a r e bein g con du ct ed a t t h e
sa m e loca t ion , em ploy er s sh ou ld det er m in e
t h e n e e d fo r a d d i t i o n a l fi r s t a i d k i t s a t t h e
w o r k s i t e , a d d i t i o n a l t y p e s o f fi r s t a i d e q u i p -
m en t a n d su pplies a n d a ddit ion a l qu a n t it ies
a n d t y pes of su pplies a n d equ ipm en t in t h e
fi r s t a i d k i t s .
I n a s i m i l a r fa s h i o n , e m p l o y e r s w h o h a v e
u n i q u e o r c h a n g i n g fi r s t -a i d n e e d s i n t h e i r
w o r k p l a c e m a y n e e d t o e n h a n c e t h e i r fi r s t -
a i d k i t s . T h e e m p l o y e r c a n u s e t h e OS H A 200
l o g , OS H A 101’s o r o t h e r r e p o r t s t o i d e n t i fy
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.152
t h e s e u n i q u e p r o b l e m s . Co n s u l t a t i o n fr o m
t h e l o c a l fi r e /r e s c u e d e p a r t m e n t , a p p r o p r i a t e
m e d i c a l p r o fe s s i o n a l , o r l o c a l e m e r g e n c y
r o o m m a y b e h e l p fu l t o e m p l o y e r s i n t h e s e
c i r c u m s t a n c e s . B y a s s e s s i n g t h e s p e c i fi c
n eeds of t h eir wor k pla ce, em ploy er s ca n en -
su r e t h a t r ea son a bly a n t icipa t ed su pplies a r e
a va ila ble. E m ploy er s sh ou ld a ssess t h e spe-
c i fi c n e e d s o f t h e i r w o r k s i t e p e r i o d i c a l l y a n d
a u g m e n t t h e fi r s t a i d k i t a p p r o p r i a t e l y .
If it is r ea son a bly a n t icipa t ed t h a t em ploy -
ees will be exposed t o blood or ot h er pot en -
t i a l l y i n fe c t i o u s m a t e r i a l s w h i l e u s i n g fi r s t
a id su pplies, em ploy er s a r e r equ ir ed t o pr o-
vide a ppr opr ia t e per son a l pr ot ect ive equ ip-
m e n t (P P E ) i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i -
s i o n s o f t h e Oc c u p a t i o n a l E x p o s u r e t o B l o o d
b o r n e P a t h o g e n s s t a n d a r d , § 1910.1030(d )(3) (56
F R 64175). T h i s s t a n d a r d l i s t s a p p r o p r i a t e
P P E fo r t h i s t y p e o f e x p o s u r e , s u c h a s
g l o v e s , g o w n s , fa c e s h i e l d s , m a s k s , a n d e y e
pr ot ect ion .
[39 F R 23502, J u n e 27, 1974, a s a m e n d e d a t 63
F R 33466, J u n e 18, 1998; 70 F R 1141, J a n . 5,
2005]
§ 1910.152 [Reserved]
Subpart L—Fire Protection
A U T H OR I T Y : S e c t i o n s 4, 6, a n d 8 o f t h e Oc c u -
p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h A c t o f 1970 (29
U .S .C. 653, 655, 657); S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r ’s
Or d e r N o . 12–71 (36 F R 8754), 8–76 (41 F R
25059), 9–83 (48 F 35736), 6–96 (62 F R 111), o r 3–
2000 (65 F R 50017), a s a p p l i c a b l e ; a n d 29 CF R
p a r t 1911.
§ 1910.155 Scope, application and defi-
nitions applicable to this subpart.
(a ) S cop e. T h i s s u b p a r t c o n t a i n s r e -
q u i r e m e n t s fo r fi r e b r i g a d e s , a n d a l l
p o r t a b l e a n d fi x e d fi r e s u p p r e s s i o n
e q u i p m e n t , fi r e d e t e c t i o n s y s t e m s , a n d
fi r e o r e m p l o y e e a l a r m s y s t e m s i n -
s t a l l e d t o m e e t t h e fi r e p r o t e c t i o n r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R p a r t 1910.
(b ) A p p lica t ion . T h i s s u b p a r t a p p l i e s
t o a l l e m p l o y m e n t s e x c e p t fo r m a r i -
t im e, con st r u ct ion , a n d a gr icu lt u r e.
(c ) D ef in it ion s a p p lica ble t o t h is su b-
p a rt . (1) A f t er-f la m e m e a n s t h e t i m e a
t e s t s p e c i m e n c o n t i n u e s t o fl a m e a ft e r
t h e fl a m e s o u r c e h a s b e e n r e m o v e d .
(2) A qu eou s f ilm f orm in g f oa m (A F F F )
m e a n s a fl u o r i n a t e d s u r fa c t a n t w i t h a
fo a m s t a b i l i ze r w h i c h i s d i l u t e d w i t h
wa t er t o a ct a s a t em por a r y ba r r ier t o
e x c l u d e a i r fr o m m i x i n g w i t h t h e fu e l
v a p o r b y d e v e l o p i n g a n a q u e o u s fi l m o n
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t h e fu e l s u r fa c e o f s o m e h y d r o c a r b o n s
492
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00502 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
wh ich is ca pa ble of su ppr essin g t h e
g e n e r a t i o n o f fu e l v a p o r s .
(3) A p p rov ed m e a n s a c c e p t a b l e t o t h e
A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y u n d e r t h e fo l -
lowin g cr it er ia :
(i ) I f i t i s a c c e p t e d , o r c e r t i fi e d , o r
list ed, or la beled or ot h er wise det er -
m i n e d t o b e s a fe b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g -
n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y ; o r
(i i ) Wi t h r e s p e c t t o a n i n s t a l l a t i o n o r
equ ipm en t of a k in d wh ich n o n a t ion -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y a c -
c e p t s , c e r t i fi e s , l i s t s , l a b e l s , o r d e t e r -
m i n e s t o b e s a fe , i f i t i s i n s p e c t e d o r
t est ed by a n ot h er F eder a l a gen cy a n d
fo u n d i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v i -
sion s of t h e a pplica ble Na t ion a l F ir e
P r o t e c t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n F i r e Co d e ; o r
(i i i ) Wi t h r e s p e c t t o c u s t o m -m a d e
equ ipm en t or r ela t ed in st a lla t ion s
w h i c h a r e d e s i g n e d , fa b r i c a t e d fo r , a n d
i n t e n d e d fo r u s e b y i t s m a n u fa c t u r e r
on t h e ba sis of t est da t a wh ich t h e em -
p l o y e r k e e p s a n d m a k e s a v a i l a b l e fo r
in spect ion t o t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y .
(i v ) F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f p a r a g r a p h
(c )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n :
(A ) E q u i p m e n t i s l i s t e d i f i t i s o f a
k in d m en t ion ed in a list wh ich is pu b-
l i s h e d b y a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t -
in g la bor a t or y wh ich m a k es per iodic
in spect ion s of t h e pr odu ct ion of su ch
equ ipm en t a n d wh ich st a t es t h a t su ch
e q u i p m e n t m e e t s n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d
s t a n d a r d s o r h a s b e e n t e s t e d a n d fo u n d
s a fe fo r u s e i n a s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r ;
(B ) E q u i p m e n t i s l a b e l e d i f t h e r e i s
a t t a ch ed t o it a la bel, sy m bol, or ot h er
i d e n t i fy i n g m a r k o f a n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g -
n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y w h i c h m a k e s
per iodic in spect ion s of t h e pr odu ct ion
of su ch equ ipm en t , a n d wh ose la belin g
in dica t es com plia n ce wit h n a t ion a lly
r e c o g n i ze d s t a n d a r d s o r t e s t s t o d e t e r -
m i n e s a fe u s e i n a s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r ;
(C) E q u i p m e n t i s a c c e p t e d i f i t h a s
b e e n i n s p e c t e d a n d fo u n d b y a n a t i o n -
a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y t o
c o n fo r m t o s p e c i fi e d p l a n s o r t o p r o c e -
du r es of a pplica ble codes; a n d
(D ) E q u i p m e n t i s c e r t i fi e d i f i t h a s
b e e n t e s t e d a n d fo u n d b y a n a t i o n a l l y
r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y t o m e e t
n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d s t a n d a r d s o r t o
b e s a fe fo r u s e i n a s p e c i fi e d m a n n e r o r
is of a k in d wh ose pr odu ct ion is per i-
odica lly in spect ed by a n a t ion a lly r ec-
o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y , a n d i f i t
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
bea r s a la bel, t a g, or ot h er r ecor d of
c e r t i fi c a t i o n .
(E ) R e fe r t o § 1910.7 fo r d e fi n i t i o n o f
n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i ze d t e s t i n g l a b o r a -
t or y .
(4) A ssist a n t S ecret a ry m e a n s t h e A s -
s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r fo r Oc c u p a -
t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d H e a l t h o r d e s i g n e e .
(5) A u t om a t ic f ire d et ect ion d ev ice
m ea n s a device design ed t o a u t om a t i-
c a l l y d e t e c t t h e p r e s e n c e o f fi r e b y
h e a t , fl a m e , l i g h t , s m o k e o r o t h e r p r o d -
u ct s of com bu st ion .
(6) B u d d y -brea t h in g d ev ice m e a n s a n
a c c e s s o r y t o s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g
a ppa r a t u s wh ich per m it s a secon d per -
son t o sh a r e t h e sa m e a ir su pply a s
t h a t of t h e wea r er of t h e a ppa r a t u s.
(7) Ca rbon d iox id e m e a n s a c o l o r l e s s ,
odor less, elect r ica lly n on con du ct ive
i n e r t g a s (c h e m i c a l fo r m u l a CO 2) t h a t
i s a m e d i u m fo r e x t i n g u i s h i n g fi r e s b y
r edu cin g t h e con cen t r a t ion of oxy gen
o r fu e l v a p o r i n t h e a i r t o t h e p o i n t
wh er e con bu st ion is im possible.
(8) Cla ss A f ire m e a n s a fi r e i n v o l v i n g
or din a r y com bu st ible m a t er ia ls su ch a s
pa per , wood, clot h , a n d som e r u bber
a n d pla st ic m a t er ia ls.
(9) Cla ss B f ire m e a n s a fi r e i n v o l v i n g
fl a m m a b l e o r c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s ,
fl a m m a b l e g a s e s , g r e a s e s a n d s i m i l a r
m a t er ia ls, a n d som e r u bber a n d pla st ic
m a t er ia ls.
(10) Cla ss C f ire m e a n s a fi r e i n v o l v i n g
e n e r g i ze d e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t w h e r e
s a fe t y t o t h e e m p l o y e e r e q u i r e s t h e u s e
of elect r ica lly n on con du ct ive ext in -
gu ish in g m edia .
(11) Cla ss D f ire m e a n s a fi r e i n v o l v i n g
com bu st ible m et a ls su ch a s m a gn e-
s i u m , t i t a n i u m , zi r c o n i u m , s o d i u m ,
lit h iu m a n d pot a ssiu m .
(12) D ry ch em ica l m e a n s a n e x t i n -
gu ish in g a gen t com posed of ver y sm a ll
pa r t icles of ch em ica ls su ch a s, bu t n ot
lim it ed t o, sodiu m bica r bon a t e, pot a s-
s i u m b i c a r b o n a t e , u r e a -b a s e d p o t a s -
siu m bica r bon a t e, pot a ssiu m ch lor ide,
or m on oa m m on iu m ph osph a t e su pple-
m en t ed by specia l t r ea t m en t t o pr ovide
r esist a n ce t o pa ck in g a n d m oist u r e a b-
s o r p t i o n (c a k i n g ) a s w e l l a s t o p r o v i d e
p r o p e r fl o w c a p a b i l i t i e s . D r y c h e m i c a l
does n ot in clu de dr y powder s.
(13) D ry p ow d er m e a n s a c o m p o u n d
u s e d t o e x t i n g u i s h o r c o n t r o l Cl a s s D
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
fi r e s .
493
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§ 1910.155
(14) E d u ca t ion m e a n s t h e p r o c e s s o f
im pa r t in g k n owledge or sk ill t h r ou gh
sy st em a t ic in st r u ct ion . It does n ot r e-
q u i r e fo r m a l c l a s s r o o m i n s t r u c t i o n .
(15) E n closed st ru ct u re m e a n s a s t r u c -
t u r e wit h a r oof or ceilin g a n d a t lea st
t w o w a l l s w h i c h m a y p r e s e n t fi r e h a z-
a r ds t o em ploy ees, su ch a s a ccu m u la -
t ion s of sm ok e, t oxic ga ses a n d h ea t ,
s i m i l a r t o t h o s e fo u n d i n b u i l d i n g s .
(16) E x t in gu ish er cla ssif ica t ion m e a n s
t h e l e t t e r c l a s s i fi c a t i o n g i v e n a n e x t i n -
gu ish er t o design a t e t h e cla ss or cla ss-
e s o f fi r e o n w h i c h a n e x t i n g u i s h e r w i l l
b e e ffe c t i v e .
(17) E x t in gu ish er ra t in g m e a n s t h e n u -
m er ica l r a t in g given t o a n ext in gu ish er
wh ich in dica t es t h e ext in gu ish in g po-
t en t ia l of t h e u n it ba sed on st a n da r d-
i ze d t e s t s d e v e l o p e d b y U n d e r w r i t e r s ’
L a bor a t or ies, In c.
(18) F ire briga d e (p r i v a t e fi r e d e p a r t -
m en t , in du st r ia l fi r e depa r t m en t )
m e a n s a n o r g a n i ze d g r o u p o f e m p l o y e e s
wh o a r e k n owledgea ble, t r a in ed, a n d
s k i l l e d i n a t l e a s t b a s i c fi r e fi g h t i n g
oper a t ion s.
(19) F ix ed ex t in gu ish in g sy st em m e a n s
a per m a n en t ly in st a lled sy st em t h a t
e i t h e r e x t i n g u i s h e s o r c o n t r o l s a fi r e a t
t h e loca t ion of t h e sy st em .
(20) F la m e resist a n ce i s t h e p r o p e r t y o f
m a t er ia ls, or com bin a t ion s of com po-
n en t m a t er ia ls, t o r et a r d ign it ion a n d
r e s t r i c t t h e s p r e a d o f fl a m e .
(21) F oa m m e a n s a s t a b l e a g g r e g a t i o n
o f s m a l l b u b b l e s w h i c h fl o w fr e e l y o v e r
a b u r n i n g l i q u i d s u r fa c e a n d fo r m a c o -
h er en t bla n k et wh ich sea ls com bu s-
t ible va por s a n d t h er eby ext in gu ish es
t h e fi r e .
(22) Ga seou s a gen t i s a fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish in g a gen t wh ich is in t h e ga seou s
st a t e a t n or m a l r oom t em per a t u r e a n d
pr essu r e. It h a s low viscosit y , ca n ex-
pa n d or con t r a ct wit h ch a n ges in pr es-
su r e a n d t em per a t u r e, a n d h a s t h e a bil-
i t y t o d i ffu s e r e a d i l y a n d t o d i s t r i b u t e
i t s e l f u n i fo r m l y t h r o u g h o u t a n e n c l o -
su r e.
(23) H a lon 1211 m e a n s a c o l o r l e s s ,
fa i n t l y s w e e t s m e l l i n g , e l e c t r i c a l l y
n o n c o n d u c t i v e l i q u e fi e d g a s (c h e m i c a l
fo r m u l a CB r C1F 2) w h i c h i s a m e d i u m
fo r e x t i n g u i s h i n g fi r e s b y i n h i b i t i n g
t h e c h e m i c a l c h a i n r e a c t i o n o f fu e l a n d
oxy gen . It is a lso k n own as
b r o m o c h l o r o d i fl u o r o m e t h a n e .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.155
(24) H a lon 1301 m e a n s a c o l o r l e s s ,
odor less, elect r ica lly n on con du ct ive
g a s (c h e m i c a l fo r m u l a CB r F 3) w h i c h i s
a m e d i u m fo r e x t i n g u i s h i n g fi r e s b y i n -
h ibit in g t h e ch em ica l ch a in r ea ct ion of
fu e l a n d o x y g e n . I t i s a l s o k n o w n a s
b r o m o t r i fl u o r o m e t h a n e .
(25) H elm et i s a h e a d p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e
con sist in g of a r igid sh ell, en er gy a b-
sor pt ion sy st em , a n d ch in st r a p in -
t en ded t o be wor n t o pr ovide pr ot ect ion
fo r t h e h e a d o r p o r t i o n s t h e r e o f,
a g a i n s t i m p a c t , fl y i n g o r fa l l i n g o b -
ject s, elect r ic sh ock , pen et r a t ion , h ea t
a n d fl a m e .
(26) I n cip ien t st a ge f ire m e a n s a fi r e
wh ich is in t h e in it ia l or begin n in g
st a ge a n d wh ich ca n be con t r olled or
e x t i n g u i s h e d b y p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
g u i s h e r s , Cl a s s I I s t a n d p i p e o r s m a l l
h o s e s y s t e m s w i t h o u t t h e n e e d fo r p r o -
t ect ive clot h in g or br ea t h in g a ppa -
r a t u s.
(27) I n sp ect ion m e a n s a v i s u a l c h e c k
o f fi r e p r o t e c t i o n s y s t e m s a n d e q u i p -
m en t t o en su r e t h a t t h ey a r e in pla ce,
c h a r g e d , a n d r e a d y fo r u s e i n t h e e v e n t
o f a fi r e .
(28) I n t erior st ru ct u ra l f ire f igh t in g
m e a n s t h e p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y o f fi r e s u p -
pr ession , r escu e or bot h , in side of
bu ildin gs or en closed st r u ct u r es wh ich
a r e i n v o l v e d i n a fi r e s i t u a t i o n b e y o n d
t h e in cipien t st a ge.
(29) L in in g m e a n s a m a t e r i a l p e r m a -
n en t ly a t t a ch ed t o t h e in side of t h e
o u t e r s h e l l o f a g a r m e n t fo r t h e p u r -
pose of t h er m a l pr ot ect ion a n d pa d-
din g.
(30) L oca l a p p lica t ion sy st em m e a n s a
fi x e d fi r e s u p p r e s s i o n s y s t e m w h i c h h a s
a su pply of ext in gu ish in g a gen t , wit h
n o zzl e s a r r a n g e d t o a u t o m a t i c a l l y d i s -
ch a r ge ext in gu ish in g a gen t dir ect ly on
t h e bu r n in g m a t er ia l t o ext in gu ish or
c o n t r o l a fi r e .
(31) M a in t en a n ce m e a n s t h e p e r fo r m -
a n c e o f s e r v i c e s o n fi r e p r o t e c t i o n
equ ipm en t a n d sy st em s t o a ssu r e t h a t
t h e y w i l l p e r fo r m a s e x p e c t e d i n t h e
e v e n t o f a fi r e . M a i n t e n a n c e d i ffe r s
fr o m i n s p e c t i o n i n t h a t m a i n t e n a n c e
r e q u i r e s t h e c h e c k i n g o f i n t e r n a l fi t -
t in gs, devices a n d a gen t su pplies.
(32) M u lt ip u rp ose d ry ch em ica l m e a n s a
d r y c h e m i c a l w h i c h i s a p p r o v e d fo r u s e
o n Cl a s s A , Cl a s s B a n d Cl a s s C fi r e s .
(33) O u t er sh ell i s t h e e x t e r i o r l a y e r o f
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m a t e r i a l o n t h e fi r e c o a t a n d p r o t e c -
494
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00504 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t i v e t r o u s e r s w h i c h fo r m s t h e o u t e r -
m o s t b a r r i e r b e t w e e n t h e fi r e fi g h t e r
a n d t h e en vir on m en t . It is a t t a ch ed t o
t h e va por ba r r ier a n d lin er a n d is u su -
a l l y c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h a s t o r m fl a p ,
su it a ble closu r es, a n d pock et s.
(34) P osit iv e-p ressu re brea t h in g a p p a -
ra t u s m e a n s s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g
a ppa r a t u s in wh ich t h e pr essu r e in t h e
b r e a t h i n g zo n e i s p o s i t i v e i n r e l a t i o n t o
t h e im m edia t e en vir on m en t du r in g in -
h a la t ion a n d exh a la t ion .
(35) P re-d isch a rge em p loy ee a la rm
m ea n s a n a la r m wh ich will sou n d a t a
set t im e pr ior t o a ct u a l disch a r ge of a n
ext in gu ish in g sy st em so t h a t em ploy -
ees m a y eva cu a t e t h e disch a r ge a r ea
pr ior t o sy st em disch a r ge.
(36) Q u ick d iscon n ect v a lv e m e a n s a
d e v i c e w h i c h s t a r t s t h e fl o w o f a i r b y
i n s e r t i n g o f t h e h o s e (w h i c h l e a d s fr o m
t h e fa c e p i e c e ) i n t o t h e r e g u l a t o r o f
s e l f-c o n t a i n e d br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s,
a n d s t o p s t h e fl o w o f a i r b y d i s c o n n e c -
t i o n o f t h e h o s e fr o m t h e r e g u l a t o r .
(37) S p rin k ler a la rm m e a n s a n a p -
pr oved device in st a lled so t h a t a n y wa -
t e r fl o w fr o m a s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m e q u a l
t o o r g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t fr o m s i n g l e
a u t om a t ic spr in k ler will r esu lt in a n
a u dible a la r m sign a l on t h e pr em ises.
(38) S p rin k ler sy st em m e a n s a s y s t e m
of pipin g design ed in a ccor da n ce wit h
fi r e p r o t e c t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g s t a n d a r d s
a n d in st a lled t o con t r ol or ext in gu ish
fi r e s . T h e s y s t e m i n c l u d e s a n a d e q u a t e
a n d r elia ble wa t er su pply , a n d a n et -
w o r k o f s p e c i a l l y s i ze d p i p i n g a n d
spr in k ler s wh ich a r e in t er con n ect ed.
T h e sy st em a lso in clu des a con t r ol
v a l v e a n d a d e v i c e fo r a c t u a t i n g a n
a la r m wh en t h e sy st em is in oper a t ion .
(39) S t a n d p ip e sy st em s. (i ) Cla ss I
st a n d p ip e sy st em m e a n s a 21⁄2″ (6.3 c m )
h o s e c o n n e c t i o n fo r u s e b y fi r e d e p a r t -
m en t s a n d t h ose t r a in ed in h a n dlin g
h e a v y fi r e s t r e a m s .
(i i ) Cla ss I I st a n d p ip e sy st em m e a n s a
11⁄2″ (3.8 c m ) h o s e s y s t e m w h i c h p r o -
v i d e s a m e a n s fo r t h e c o n t r o l o r e x t i n -
g u i s h m e n t o f i n c i p i e n t s t a g e fi r e s .
(i i i ) Cla ss I I I st a n d p ip e sy st em m e a n s a
c o m b i n e d s y s t e m o f h o s e w h i c h i s fo r
t h e u se of em ploy ees t r a in ed in t h e u se
of h ose oper a t ion s a n d wh ich is ca pa ble
o f fu r n i s h i n g e ffe c t i v e w a t e r d i s c h a r g e
d u r i n g t h e m o r e a d v a n c e d s t a g e s o f fi r e
(b e y o n d t h e i n c i p i e n t s t a g e ) i n t h e i n -
t er ior of wor k pla ces. Hose ou t let s a r e
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
a v a i l a b l e fo r b o t h 11⁄2″ (3.8 c m ) a n d 21⁄2″
(6.3 c m ) h o s e .
(i v ) S m a ll h ose sy st em m e a n s a s y s t e m
o f h o s e r a n g i n g i n d i a m e t e r fr o m 5⁄8″
(1.6 c m u p t o 11⁄2″ (3.8 c m ) w h i c h i s fo r
t h e u se of em ploy ees a n d wh ich pr o-
v i d e s a m e a n s fo r t h e c o n t r o l a n d e x -
t i n g u i s h m e n t o f i n c i p i e n t s t a g e fi r e s .
(40) T ot a l f lood in g sy st em m e a n s a
fi x e d s u p p r e s s i o n s y s t e m w h i c h i s a r -
r a n ged t o a u t om a t ica lly disch a r ge a
pr edet er m in ed con cen t r a t ion of a gen t
i n t o a n e n c l o s e d s p a c e fo r t h e p u r p o s e
o f fi r e e x t i n g u i s h m e n t o r c o n t r o l .
(41) T ra in in g m e a n s t h e p r o c e s s o f
m a k i n g p r o fi c i e n t t h r o u g h i n s t r u c t i o n
a n d h a n d s -o n p r a c t i c e i n t h e o p e r a t i o n
of equ ipm en t , in clu din g r espir a t or y
pr ot ect ion equ ipm en t , t h a t is expect ed
t o b e u s e d a n d i n t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f
a ssign ed du t ies.
(42) V a p or ba rrier m e a n s t h a t m a t e -
r ia l u sed t o pr even t or su bst a n t ia lly in -
h i b i t t h e t r a n s fe r o f w a t e r , c o r r o s i v e
liqu ids a n d st ea m or ot h er h ot va por s
fr o m t h e o u t s i d e o f a g a r m e n t t o t h e
w e a r e r ’s b o d y .
[45 F R 60704, S e p t . 12, 1980, a s a m e n d e d a t 53
F R 12122, A p r . 12, 1988]
§ 1910.156 Fire brigades.
(a ) S cop e a n d a p p lica t ion —(1) S cop e.
T h i s s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r
t h e o r g a n i za t i o n , t r a i n i n g , a n d p e r -
s o n a l p r o t e c t i v e e q u i p m e n t o f fi r e b r i -
ga des wh en ever t h ey a r e est a blish ed by
a n em ploy er .
(2) A p p lica t ion . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
t h i s s e c t i o n a p p l y t o fi r e b r i g a d e s , i n -
d u s t r i a l fi r e d e p a r t m e n t s a n d p r i v a t e
o r c o n t r a c t u a l t y p e fi r e d e p a r t m e n t s .
P er son a l pr ot ect ive equ ipm en t r equ ir e-
m e n t s a p p l y o n l y t o m e m b e r s o f fi r e
b r i g a d e s p e r fo r m i n g i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l
fi r e fi g h t i n g . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s
sect ion do n ot a pply t o a ir por t cr a sh
r e s c u e o r fo r e s t fi r e fi g h t i n g o p e r -
a t ion s.
(b ) O rga n iz a t ion —(1) O rga n iz a t ion a l
st a t em en t . T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r e p a r e
a n d m a in t a in a st a t em en t or wr it t en
policy wh ich est a blish es t h e exist en ce
o f a fi r e b r i g a d e ; t h e b a s i c o r g a n i za -
t ion a l st r u ct u r e; t h e t y pe, a m ou n t , a n d
fr e q u e n c y o f t r a i n i n g t o b e p r o v i d e d t o
fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s ; t h e e x p e c t e d
n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s i n t h e fi r e b r i g a d e ;
a n d t h e fu n c t i o n s t h a t t h e fi r e b r i g a d e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
i s t o p e r fo r m a t t h e w o r k p l a c e . T h e o r -
495
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00505 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.156
g a n i za t i o n a l s t a t e m e n t s h a l l b e a v a i l -
a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n b y t h e A s s i s t a n t
S ecr et a r y a n d by em ploy ees or t h eir
design a t ed r epr esen t a t ives.
(2) P erson n el. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s -
su r e t h a t em ploy ees wh o a r e expect ed
t o d o i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e fi g h t i n g
a r e p h y s i c a l l y c a p a b l e o f p e r fo r m i n g
du t ies wh ich m a y be a ssign ed t o t h em
du r in g em er gen cies. T h e em ploy er
sh a ll n ot per m it em ploy ees wit h k n own
h ea r t disea se, epilepsy , or em ph y sem a ,
t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n fi r e b r i g a d e e m e r -
g e n c y a c t i v i t i e s u n l e s s a p h y s i c i a n ’s
c e r t i fi c a t e o f t h e e m p l o y e e s ’ fi t n e s s t o
pa r t icipa t e in su ch a ct ivit ies is pr o-
v i d e d . F o r e m p l o y e e s a s s i g n e d t o fi r e
b r i g a d e s b e fo r e S e p t e m b e r 15, 1980, t h i s
p a r a g r a p h i s e ffe c t i v e o n S e p t e m b e r 15,
1990. F o r e m p l o y e e s a s s i g n e d t o fi r e
b r i g a d e s o n o r a ft e r S e p t e m b e r 15, 1980,
t h i s p a r a g r a p h i s e ffe c t i v e D e c e m b e r
15, 1980.
(c ) T ra in in g a n d ed u ca t ion . (1) T h e
em ploy er sh a ll pr ovide t r a in in g a n d
e d u c a t i o n fo r a l l fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s
com m en su r a t e wit h t h ose du t ies a n d
fu n c t i o n s t h a t fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s
a r e e x p e c t e d t o p e r fo r m . S u c h t r a i n i n g
a n d e d u c a t i o n s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d t o fi r e
b r i g a d e m e m b e r s b e fo r e t h e y p e r fo r m
fi r e b r i g a d e e m e r g e n c y a c t i v i t i e s . F i r e
br iga de lea der s a n d t r a in in g in st r u c-
t or s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h t r a in in g
a n d edu ca t ion wh ich is m or e com -
pr eh en sive t h a n t h a t pr ovided t o t h e
g e n e r a l m e m b e r s h i p o f t h e fi r e b r i g a d e .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
t r a in in g a n d edu ca t ion is con du ct ed
fr e q u e n t l y e n o u g h t o a s s u r e t h a t e a c h
m e m b e r o f t h e fi r e b r i g a d e i s a b l e t o
p e r fo r m t h e m e m b e r ’s a s s i g n e d d u t i e s
a n d fu n c t i o n s s a t i s fa c t o r i l y a n d i n a
s a fe m a n n e r s o a s n o t t o e n d a n g e r fi r e
br iga de m em ber s or ot h er em ploy ees.
A l l fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s s h a l l b e p r o -
vided wit h t r a in in g a t lea st a n n u a lly .
I n a d d i t i o n , fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s w h o
a r e e x p e c t e d t o p e r fo r m i n t e r i o r s t r u c -
t u r a l fi r e fi g h t i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
wit h a n edu ca t ion session or t r a in in g
a t lea st qu a r t er ly .
(3) T h e q u a l i t y o f t h e t r a i n i n g a n d
e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m fo r fi r e b r i g a d e
m em ber s sh a ll be sim ila r t o t h ose con -
d u c t e d b y s u c h fi r e t r a i n i n g s c h o o l s a s
t h e Ma r y la n d F ir e a n d R escu e In st i-
t u t e; Iowa F ir e S er vice E xt en sion ;
We s t V i r g i n i a F i r e S e r v i c e E x t e n s i o n ;
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.156
Geor gia F ir e Aca dem y , New Yor k
S t a t e Depa r t m en t , F ir e P r even t ion a n d
Co n t r o l ; L o u i s i a n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
F i r e m e n T r a i n i n g P r o g r a m , o r Wa s h -
i n g t o n S t a t e ’s F i r e S e r v i c e T r a i n i n g
Co m m i s s i o n fo r V o c a t i o n a l E d u c a t i o n .
(F o r e x a m p l e , fo r t h e o i l r e fi n e r y i n -
d u s t r y , w i t h i t s u n i q u e h a za r d s , t h e
t r a i n i n g a n d e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m fo r
t h o s e fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s s h a l l b e
sim ila r t o t h ose con du ct ed by T exa s A
& M Un iver sit y , L a m a r Un iver sit y ,
R en o F ir e S ch ool, or t h e Dela wa r e
S t a t e F i r e S c h o o l .)
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l i n fo r m fi r e
b r i g a d e m e m b e r s a b o u t s p e c i a l h a za r d s
s u c h a s s t o r a g e a n d u s e o f fl a m m a b l e
liqu ids a n d ga ses, t oxic ch em ica ls, r a -
dioa ct ive sou r ces, a n d wa t er r ea ct ive
su bst a n ces, t o wh ich t h ey m a y be ex-
p o s e d d u r i n g fi r e a n d o t h e r e m e r -
g e n c i e s . T h e fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s s h a l l
a lso be a dvised of a n y ch a n ges t h a t
o c c u r i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e s p e c i a l h a z-
a r ds. T h e em ploy er sh a ll develop a n d
m a k e a v a i l a b l e fo r i n s p e c t i o n b y fi r e
br iga de m em ber s, wr it t en pr ocedu r es
t h a t descr ibe t h e a ct ion s t o be t a k en in
s i t u a t i o n s i n v o l v i n g t h e s p e c i a l h a z-
a r ds a n d sh a ll in clu de t h ese in t h e
t r a in in g a n d edu ca t ion pr ogr a m .
(d ) F ire f igh t in g equ ip m en t . T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll m a in t a in a n d in spect , a t
l e a s t a n n u a l l y , fi r e fi g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t
t o a s s u r e t h e s a fe o p e r a t i o n a l c o n d i -
t i o n o f t h e e q u i p m e n t . P o r t a b l e fi r e e x -
t in gu ish er s a n d r espir a t or s sh a ll be in -
s p e c t e d a t l e a s t m o n t h l y . F i r e fi g h t i n g
equ ipm en t t h a t is in da m a ged or u n -
ser vicea ble con dit ion sh a ll be r em oved
fr o m s e r v i c e a n d r e p l a c e d .
(e ) P rot ect iv e clot h in g. T h e fo l l o w i n g
r equ ir em en t s a pply t o t h ose em ploy ees
w h o p e r fo r m i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e
fi g h t i n g . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s d o n o t
a p p l y t o e m p l o y e e s w h o u s e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er s or st a n dpipe sy st em s t o con -
t r o l o r e x t i n g u i s h fi r e s o n l y i n t h e i n -
cipien t st a ge.
(1) Gen era l. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
pr ovide a t n o cost t o t h e em ploy ee a n d
a ssu r e t h e u se of pr ot ect ive clot h in g
wh ich com plies wit h t h e r equ ir em en t s
of t h is pa r a gr a ph . T h e em ploy er sh a ll
a ssu r e t h a t pr ot ect ive clot h in g or der ed
o r p u r c h a s e d a ft e r J u l y 1, 1981, m e e t s
t h e r equ ir em en t s con t a in ed in t h is
pa r a gr a ph . As t h e n ew equ ipm en t is
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
pr ovided, t h e em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e
496
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00506 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
t h a t a l l fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s w e a r t h e
e q u i p m e n t w h e n p e r fo r m i n g i n t e r i o r
s t r u c t u r a l fi r e fi g h t i n g . A ft e r J u l y 1,
1985, t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t a l l
fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s w e a r p r o t e c t i v e
clot h in g m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of
t h i s p a r a g r a p h w h e n p e r fo r m i n g i n t e -
r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e fi g h t i n g .
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
pr ot ect ive clot h in g pr ot ect s t h e h ea d,
body , a n d ext r em it ies, a n d con sist s of
a t l e a s t t h e fo l l o w i n g c o m p o n e n t s : fo o t
a n d leg pr ot ect ion ; h a n d pr ot ect ion ;
b o d y p r o t e c t i o n ; e y e , fa c e a n d h e a d
pr ot ect ion .
(2) F oot a n d leg p rot ect ion . (i ) F o o t
a n d leg pr ot ect ion sh a ll m eet t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (e )(2)(i i ) a n d
(e )(2)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , a n d m a y b e
a c h i e v e d b y e i t h e r o f t h e fo l l o w i n g
m et h ods:
(A ) F u l l y e x t e n d e d b o o t s w h i c h p r o -
v i d e p r o t e c t i o n fo r t h e l e g s ; o r
(B ) P r o t e c t i v e s h o e s o r b o o t s w o r n i n
com bin a t ion wit h pr ot ect ive t r ou ser s
t h a t m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a -
g r a p h (e )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) P r o t e c t i v e fo o t w e a r s h a l l m e e t
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.136 fo r Cl a s s
75 fo o t w e a r . I n a d d i t i o n , p r o t e c t i v e
fo o t w e a r s h a l l b e w a t e r -r e s i s t a n t fo r a t
l e a s t 5 i n c h e s (12.7 c m ) a b o v e t h e b o t -
t om of t h e h eel a n d sh a ll be equ ipped
w i t h s l i p -r e s i s t a n t o u t e r s o l e s .
(i i i ) P r o t e c t i v e fo o t w e a r s h a l l b e
t e s t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (1)
of a ppen dix E , a n d sh a ll pr ovide pr ot ec-
t ion a ga in st pen et r a t ion of t h e m idsole
b y a s i ze 8D c o m m o n n a i l w h e n a t l e a s t
300 p o u n d s (1330 N ) o f s t a t i c fo r c e i s a p -
plied t o t h e n a il.
(3) B od y p rot ect ion . (i ) B o d y p r o t e c -
t i o n s h a l l b e c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h fo o t a n d
l e g p r o t e c t i o n t o e n s u r e fu l l b o d y p r o -
t e c t i o n fo r t h e w e a r e r . T h i s s h a l l b e
a c h i e v e d b y o n e o f t h e fo l l o w i n g m e t h -
ods:
(A ) We a r i n g o f a fi r e -r e s i s t i v e c o a t
m eet in g t h e r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(e )(3)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n i n c o m b i n a t i o n
w i t h fu l l y e x t e n d e d b o o t s m e e t i n g t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (e )(2)(i i )
a n d (e )(2)(i i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n ; o r
(B ) We a r i n g o f a fi r e -r e s i s t i v e c o a t i n
com bin a t ion wit h pr ot ect ive t r ou ser s
bot h of wh ich m eet t h e r equ ir em en t s of
p a r a g r a p h (e )(3)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(i i ) T h e p e r fo r m a n c e , c o n s t r u c t i o n ,
a n d t e s t i n g o f fi r e -r e s i s t i v e c o a t s a n d
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
pr ot ect ive t r ou ser s sh a ll be a t lea st
equ iva len t t o t h e r equ ir em en t s of t h e
Na t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion
(N F P A ) s t a n d a r d N F P A N o . 1971–1975,
‘‘P r o t e c t i v e Cl o t h i n g fo r S t r u c t u r a l
F i r e F i g h t i n g ,’’ w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y r e fe r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, (S e e
a p p e n d i x D t o s u b p a r t L ) w i t h t h e fo l -
l o w i n g p e r m i s s i b l e v a r i a t i o n s fr o m
t h ose r equ ir em en t s:
(A ) T e a r i n g s t r e n g t h o f t h e o u t e r
sh ell sh a ll be a m in im u m of 8 pou n ds
(35.6 N ) i n a n y d i r e c t i o n w h e n t e s t e d i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (2) o f a p -
pen dix E ; a n d
(B ) T h e o u t e r s h e l l m a y d i s c o l o r b u t
sh a ll n ot sepa r a t e or m elt wh en pla ced
i n a fo r c e d a i r l a b o r a t o r y o v e n a t a
t e m p e r a t u r e o f 500 °F (260 °C) fo r a p e -
r i o d o f fi v e m i n u t e s . A ft e r c o o l i n g t o
a m bien t t em per a t u r e a n d u sin g t h e
t e s t m e t h o d s p e c i fi e d i n p a r a g r a p h (3)
of a ppen dix E , ch a r len gt h sh a ll n ot ex-
c e e d 4.0 i n c h e s (10.2 c m ) a n d a ft e r -
fl a m e s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 2.0 s e c o n d s .
(4) H a n d p rot ect ion . (i ) H a n d p r o t e c -
t ion sh a ll con sist of pr ot ect ive gloves
or glove sy st em wh ich will pr ovide pr o-
t ect ion a ga in st cu t , pu n ct u r e, a n d h ea t
pen et r a t ion . Gloves or glove sy st em
sh a ll be t est ed in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e
t est m et h ods con t a in ed in t h e Na t ion a l
I n s t i t u t e fo r Oc c u p a t i o n a l S a fe t y a n d
H e a l t h (N I OS H ) 1976 p u b l i c a t i o n , ‘‘T h e
D e v e l o p m e n t o f Cr i t e r i a fo r F i r e F i g h t -
e r ’s G l o v e s ; V o l . I I , P a r t I I : T e s t M e t h -
o d s ,’’ w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, (S e e a p -
pen dix D t o su bpa r t L ) a n d sh a ll m eet
t h e fo l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a fo r c u t , p u n c t u r e ,
a n d h ea t pen et r a t ion :
(A ) M a t e r i a l s u s e d fo r g l o v e s s h a l l r e -
s i s t s u r fa c e c u t b y a b l a d e w i t h a n e d g e
h a v i n g a 60° i n c l u d e d a n g l e a n d a .001
i n c h (.0025 c m .) r a d i u s , u n d e r a n a p -
p l i e d fo r c e o f 16 l b f (72N ), a n d a t a s l i c -
i n g v e l o c i t y o f g r e a t e r o r e q u a l t o 60 i n /
m i n (2.5 c m ./s e c );
(B ) M a t e r i a l s u s e d fo r t h e p a l m a n d
p a l m s i d e o f t h e fi n g e r s s h a l l r e s i s t
p u n c t u r e b y a p e n e t r o m e t e r (s i m u -
l a t i n g a 4d l a t h n a i l ), u n d e r a n a p p l i e d
fo r c e o f 13.2 l b f (60N ), a n d a t a v e l o c i t y
g r e a t e r o r e q u a l t o 20 i n /m i n (.85 c m ./
s e c ); a n d
(C) T h e t e m p e r a t u r e i n s i d e t h e p a l m
a n d g r i p p i n g s u r fa c e o f t h e fi n g e r s o f
g l o v e s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 135 °F (57 °C)
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
wh en gloves or glove sy st em a r e ex-
497
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00507 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.156
p o s e d t o 932 °F (500 °C) fo r fi v e s e c o n d s
a t 4 p s i (28 k P a ) p r e s s u r e .
(i i ) E x t e r i o r m a t e r i a l s o f g l o v e s s h a l l
b e fl a m e r e s i s t a n t a n d s h a l l b e t e s t e d
i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h p a r a g r a p h (3) o f a p -
pen dix E. Ma xim u m a llowa ble
a ft e r fl a m e s h a l l b e 2.0 s e c o n d s , a n d t h e
m a x i m u m c h a r l e n g t h s h a l l b e 4.0
i n c h e s (10.2 c m ).
(i i i ) Wh e n d e s i g n o f t h e fi r e -r e s i s t i v e
coa t does n ot ot h er wise pr ovide pr ot ec-
t i o n fo r t h e w r i s t s , p r o t e c t i v e g l o v e s
s h a l l h a v e w r i s t l e t s o f a t l e a s t 4.0
i n c h e s (10.2 c m ) i n l e n g t h t o p r o t e c t
t h e wr ist a r ea wh en t h e a r m s a r e ex-
t e n d e d u p w a r d a n d o u t w a r d fr o m t h e
body .
(5) H ea d , ey e a n d f a ce p rot ect ion . (i )
Hea d pr ot ect ion sh a ll con sist of a pr o-
t e c t i v e h e a d d e v i c e w i t h e a r fl a p s a n d
c h i n s t r a p w h i c h m e e t t h e p e r fo r m -
a n ce, con st r u ct ion , a n d t est in g r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f t h e N a t i o n a l F i r e S a fe t y a n d
R e s e a r c h Offi c e o f t h e N a t i o n a l F i r e
P r e v e n t i o n a n d Co n t r o l A d m i n i s t r a -
t i o n , U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f Co m m e r c e
(n o w k n o w n a s t h e U .S . F i r e A d m i n i s -
t r a t i o n ), w h i c h a r e con t a in ed in
‘‘M o d e l P e r fo r m a n c e Cr i t e r i a fo r
S t r u c t u r a l F i r e fi g h t e r s ’ H e l m e t s ’’ (A u -
g u s t 1977) w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f-
e r e n c e a s s p e c i fi e d i n § 1910.6, (S e e a p -
p e n d i x D t o s u b p a r t L ).
(i i ) P r o t e c t i v e e y e a n d fa c e d e v i c e s
w h i c h c o m p l y w i t h § 1910.133 s h a l l b e
u s e d b y fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s w h e n p e r -
fo r m i n g o p e r a t i o n s w h e r e t h e h a za r d s
o f fl y i n g o r fa l l i n g m a t e r i a l s w h i c h
m a y c a u s e e y e a n d fa c e i n j u r i e s a r e
p r e s e n t . P r o t e c t i v e e y e a n d fa c e d e -
vices pr ovided a s a ccessor ies t o pr ot ec-
t i v e h e a d d e v i c e s (fa c e s h i e l d s ) a r e p e r -
m it t ed wh en su ch devices m eet t h e r e-
q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.133.
(i i i ) F u l l fa c e p i e c e s , h e l m e t s , o r
h oods of br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s wh ich
m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f § 1910.134 a n d
p a r a g r a p h (f) o f t h i s s e c t i o n , s h a l l b e
a c c e p t a b l e a s m e e t i n g t h e e y e a n d fa c e
pr ot ect ion r equ ir em en t s of pa r a gr a ph
(e )(5)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(f) R esp ira t ory p rot ect ion d ev ices—(1)
Gen era l requ irem en t s. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r
m u st en su r e t h a t r espir a t or s a r e pr o-
v i d e d t o , a n d u s e d b y , fi r e b r i g a d e
m em ber s, a n d t h a t t h e r espir a t or s
m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 29 CF R
1910.134 a n d t h i s p a r a g r a p h .
Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.157
(i i ) A p p r o v e d s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h -
i n g a p p a r a t u s w i t h fu l l -fa c e p i e c e , o r
w i t h a p p r o v e d h e l m e t o r h o o d c o n fi g u -
r a t ion , sh a ll be pr ovided t o a n d wor n
b y fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s w h i l e w o r k i n g
i n s i d e b u i l d i n g s o r c o n fi n e d s p a c e s
wh er e t oxic pr odu ct s of com bu st ion or
a n o x y g e n d e fi c i e n c y m a y b e p r e s e n t .
S u ch a ppa r a t u s sh a ll a lso be wor n du r -
in g em er gen cy sit u a t ion s in volvin g
t oxic su bst a n ces.
(i i i ) A p p r o v e d s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h -
in g a ppa r a t u s m a y be equ ipped wit h ei-
t h e r a ‘‘b u d d y -b r e a t h i n g ’’ d e v i c e o r a
qu ick discon n ect va lve, even if t h ese
d e v i c e s a r e n o t c e r t i fi e d b y N I OS H . I f
t h ese a ccessor ies a r e u sed, t h ey sh a ll
n ot ca u se da m a ge t o t h e a ppa r a t u s, or
r e s t r i c t t h e a i r fl o w o f t h e a p p a r a t u s ,
or obst r u ct t h e n or m a l oper a t ion of t h e
a ppa r a t u s.
(i v ) A p p r o v e d s e l f-c o n t a i n e d c o m -
pr essed a ir br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s m a y be
u s e d w i t h a p p r o v e d c y l i n d e r s fr o m
o t h e r a p p r o v e d s e l f-c o n t a i n e d c o m -
pr essed a ir br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s pr o-
vided t h a t su ch cy lin der s a r e of t h e
sa m e ca pa cit y a n d pr essu r e r a t in g. All
com pr essed a ir cy lin der s u sed wit h
s e l f-c o n t a i n e d br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s
s h a l l m e e t D OT a n d N I OS H c r i t e r i a .
(v ) S e l f-c o n t a i n e d br ea t h in g
a ppa r a t u ses m u st h a ve a m in im u m
s e r v i c e -l i fe r a t i n g o f 30 m i n u t e s i n a c -
cor da n ce wit h t h e m et h ods a n d r e-
q u i r e m e n t s s p e c i fi e d b y N I OS H u n d e r
42 CF R p a r t 84, e x c e p t fo r e s c a p e s e l f-
con t a in ed br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s
(E S CB A s ) u s e d o n l y fo r e m e r g e n c y e s -
ca pe pu r poses.
(v i ) S e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a -
r a t u s sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a n in di-
ca t or wh ich a u t om a t ica lly sou n ds a n
a u dible a la r m wh en t h e r em a in in g
s e r v i c e l i fe o f t h e a p p a r a t u s i s r e d u c e d
t o w i t h i n a r a n g e o f 20 t o 25 p e r c e n t o f
it s r a t ed ser vice t im e.
(2) P osit iv e-p ressu re brea t h in g a p p a -
ra t u s. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e
t h a t s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a -
r a t u s o r d e r e d o r p u r c h a s e d a ft e r J u l y 1,
1981, fo r u s e b y fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s
p e r fo r m i n g i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e
fi g h t i n g o p e r a t i o n s , a r e o f t h e p r e s -
s u r e -d e m a n d o r o t h e r p o s i t i v e -p r e s s u r e
t y p e . E ffe c t i v e J u l y 1, 1983, o n l y p r e s -
s u r e -d e m a n d o r o t h e r p o s i t i v e -p r e s s u r e
s e l f-c o n t a i n e d br ea t h in g a ppa r a t u s
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
s h a l l b e w o r n b y fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s
498
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00508 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
p e r fo r m i n g i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e
fi g h t i n g .
(i i ) T h i s p a r a g r a p h d o e s n o t p r o h i b i t
t h e u s e o f a s e l f-c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g
a ppa r a t u s wh er e t h e a ppa r a t u s ca n be
s w i t c h e d fr o m a d e m a n d t o a p o s i t i v e -
pr essu r e m ode. However , su ch a ppa -
r a t u s s h a l l b e i n t h e p o s i t i v e -p r e s s u r e
m o d e w h e n fi r e b r i g a d e m e m b e r s a r e
p e r fo r m i n g i n t e r i o r s t r u c t u r a l fi r e
fi g h t i n g o p e r a t i o n s .
[45 F R 60706, S e p t . 12, 1980; 46 F R 24557, M a y
1, 1981; 49 F R 18295, A p r . 30, 1984; 61 F R 9239,
M a r . 7, 1996; 63 F R 1284, J a n . 8, 1998; 63 F R
33467, J u n e 18, 1998]
P OR T A B L E F I R E S U P P R E S S I ON
E QU I P M E N T
§ 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers.
(a ) S cop e a n d a p p lica t ion . T h e r e q u i r e -
m en t s of t h is sect ion a pply t o t h e
pla cem en t , u se, m a in t en a n ce, a n d t est -
i n g o f p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s p r o -
v i d e d fo r t h e u s e o f e m p l o y e e s . P a r a -
g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n d o e s n o t a p p l y
t o e x t i n g u i s h e r s p r o v i d e d fo r e m p l o y e e
u se on t h e ou t side of wor k pla ce bu ild-
i n g s o r s t r u c t u r e s . Wh e r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s
a r e p r o v i d e d b u t a r e n o t i n t e n d e d fo r
em ploy ee u se a n d t h e em ploy er h a s a n
e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n a n d a fi r e p r e -
ven t ion pla n t h a t m eet t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f 29 CF R 1910.38 a n d 29 CF R
1910.39 r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h e n o n l y t h e r e -
q u i r e m e n t s o f p a r a g r a p h s (e ) a n d (f) o f
t h is sect ion a pply .
(b ) E x em p t ion s. (1) Wh e r e t h e e m -
ploy er h a s est a blish ed a n d im ple-
m e n t e d a w r i t t e n fi r e s a fe t y p o l i c y
wh ich r equ ir es t h e im m edia t e a n d t ot a l
e v a c u a t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s fr o m t h e
w o r k p l a c e u p o n t h e s o u n d i n g o f a fi r e
a la r m sign a l a n d wh ich in clu des a n
e m e r g e n c y a c t i o n p l a n a n d a fi r e p r e -
ven t ion pla n wh ich m eet t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f 29 CF R 1910.38 a n d 29 CF R
1910.39 r e s p e c t i v e l y , a n d w h e n e x t i n -
gu ish er s a r e n ot a va ila ble in t h e wor k -
p l a c e , t h e e m p l o y e r i s e x e m p t fr o m a l l
r equ ir em en t s of t h is sect ion u n less a
s p e c i fi c s t a n d a r d i n p a r t 1910 r e q u i r e s
t h a t a p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r b e
pr ovided.
(2) Wh e r e t h e e m p l o y e r h a s a n e m e r -
gen cy a ct ion pla n m eet in g t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f § 1910.38 w h i c h d e s i g n a t e s c e r -
t a in em ploy ees t o be t h e on ly em ploy -
e e s a u t h o r i ze d t o u s e t h e a v a i l a b l e
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s , a n d w h i c h
r e q u i r e s a l l o t h e r e m p l o y e e s i n t h e fi r e
a r e a t o i m m e d i a t e l y e v a c u a t e t h e a f-
fe c t e d w o r k a r e a u p o n t h e s o u n d i n g o f
t h e fi r e a l a r m , t h e e m p l o y e r i s e x e m p t
fr o m t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s i n
p a r a g r a p h (d ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(c ) Gen era l requ irem en t s. (1) T h e e m -
p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er s a n d sh a ll m ou n t , loca t e a n d
i d e n t i fy t h e m s o t h a t t h e y a r e r e a d i l y
a ccessible t o em ploy ees wit h ou t su b-
ject in g t h e em ploy ees t o possible in -
ju r y .
(2) On l y a p p r o v e d p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er s sh a ll be u sed t o m eet t h e r e-
qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l n o t p r o v i d e o r
m a k e a va ila ble in t h e wor k pla ce por t -
a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s u s i n g c a r b o n
t et r a ch lor ide or ch lor obr om om et h a n e
ext in gu ish in g a gen t s.
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s a r e m a i n -
t a i n e d i n a fu l l y c h a r g e d a n d o p e r a b l e
con dit ion a n d k ept in t h eir design a t ed
pla ces a t a ll t im es except du r in g u se.
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e m o v e fr o m
ser vice a ll solder ed or r ivet ed sh ell
s e l f-g e n e r a t i n g s o d a a c i d o r s e l f-g e n e r -
a t i n g fo a m o r g a s c a r t r i d g e w a t e r t y p e
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s w h i c h a r e
oper a t ed by in ver t in g t h e ext in gu ish er
t o r u pt u r e t h e ca r t r idge or t o in it ia t e
a n u n con t r olla ble pr essu r e gen er a t in g
ch em ica l r ea ct ion t o expel t h e a gen t .
(d ) S elect ion a n d d ist ribu t ion . (1) P o r t -
a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s s h a l l b e p r o -
v i d e d fo r e m p l o y e e u s e a n d s e l e c t e d
a n d dist r ibu t ed ba sed on t h e cla sses of
a n t i c i p a t e d w o r k p l a c e fi r e s a n d o n t h e
s i ze a n d d e g r e e o f h a za r d w h i c h w o u l d
a ffe c t t h e i r u s e .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d i s t r i b u t e
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s fo r u s e b y
e m p l o y e e s o n Cl a s s A fi r e s s o t h a t t h e
t r a v e l d i s t a n c e fo r e m p l o y e e s t o a n y
e x t i n g u i s h e r i s 75 fe e t (22.9 m ) o r l e s s .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r m a y u s e u n i fo r m l y
spa ced st a n dpipe sy st em s or h ose st a -
t ion s con n ect ed t o a spr in k ler sy st em
i n s t a l l e d fo r e m e r g e n c y u s e b y e m p l o y -
e e s i n s t e a d o f Cl a s s A p o r t a b l e fi r e e x -
t in gu ish er s, pr ovided t h a t su ch sy s-
t em s m eet t h e r espect ive r equ ir em en t s
o f § 1910.158 o r § 1910.159, t h a t t h e y p r o -
vide t ot a l cover a ge of t h e a r ea t o be
pr ot ect ed, a n d t h a t em ploy ees a r e
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
t r a in ed a t lea st a n n u a lly in t h eir u se.
499
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00509 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.157
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d i s t r i b u t e
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s fo r u s e b y
e m p l o y e e s o n Cl a s s B fi r e s s o t h a t t h e
t r a v e l d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e Cl a s s B h a za r d
a r e a t o a n y e x t i n g u i s h e r i s 50 fe e t (15.2
m ) or less.
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d i s t r i b u t e
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s u s e d fo r
Cl a s s C h a za r d s o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e a p -
p r o p r i a t e p a t t e r n fo r t h e e x i s t i n g Cl a s s
A o r Cl a s s B h a za r d s .
(6) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d i s t r i b u t e
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s o r o t h e r
c o n t a i n e r s o f Cl a s s D e x t i n g u i s h i n g
a g e n t fo r u s e b y e m p l o y e e s s o t h a t t h e
t r a v e l d i s t a n c e fr o m t h e c o m b u s t i b l e
m et a l wor k in g a r ea t o a n y ext in -
g u i s h i n g a g e n t i s 75 fe e t (22.9 m ) o r
l e s s . P o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s fo r
Cl a s s D h a za r d s a r e r e q u i r e d i n t h o s e
com bu st ible m et a l wor k in g a r ea s
wh er e com bu st ible m et a l powder s,
fl a k e s , s h a v i n g s , o r s i m i l a r l y s i ze d
pr odu ct s a r e gen er a t ed a t lea st on ce
ever y t wo week s.
(e ) I n sp ect ion , m a in t en a n ce a n d t est in g.
(1) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e
fo r t h e i n s p e c t i o n , m a i n t e n a n c e a n d
t e s t i n g o f a l l p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n -
gu ish er s in t h e wor k pla ce.
(2) P o r t a b l e e x t i n g u i s h e r s o r h o s e
u sed in lieu t h er eof u n der pa r a gr a ph
(d )(3) o f t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l b e v i s u a l l y
in spect ed m on t h ly .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s a r e s u b -
ject ed t o a n a n n u a l m a in t en a n ce
ch eck . S t or ed pr essu r e ext in gu ish er s
do n ot r equ ir e a n in t er n a l exa m in a -
t ion . T h e em ploy er sh a ll r ecor d t h e a n -
n u a l m a in t en a n ce da t e a n d r et a in t h is
r e c o r d fo r o n e y e a r a ft e r t h e l a s t e n t r y
o r t h e l i fe o f t h e s h e l l , w h i c h e v e r i s
less. T h e r ecor d sh a ll be a va ila ble t o
t h e Assist a n t S ecr et a r y u pon r equ est .
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
st or ed pr essu r e dr y ch em ica l ext in -
g u i s h e r s t h a t r e q u i r e a 12-y e a r h y d r o -
st a t ic t est a r e em pt ied a n d su bject ed
t o a pplica ble m a in t en a n ce pr ocedu r es
ever y 6 y ea r s. Dr y ch em ica l ext in -
g u i s h e r s h a v i n g n o n -r e fi l l a b l e d i s p o s -
a b l e c o n t a i n e r s a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h i s
r e q u i r e m e n t . Wh e n r e c h a r g i n g o r h y -
d r o s t a t i c t e s t i n g i s p e r fo r m e d , t h e 6-
y e a r r e q u i r e m e n t b e g i n s fr o m t h a t
da t e.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.157
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t a l -
t er n a t e equ iva len t pr ot ect ion is pr o-
v i d e d w h e n p o r t a b l e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r s
a r e r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e fo r m a i n t e -
n a n ce a n d r ech a r gin g.
(f) H y d rost a t ic t est in g. (1) T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t h y dr ost a t ic
t e s t i n g i s p e r fo r m e d b y t r a i n e d p e r s o n s
w i t h s u i t a b l e t e s t i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d fa -
cilit ies.
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
por t a ble ext in gu ish er s are
h y dr ost a t ica lly t est ed a t t h e in t er va ls
l i s t e d i n T a b l e L –1 o f t h i s s e c t i o n , e x -
c e p t u n d e r a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n d i -
t ion s:
(i ) Wh e n t h e u n i t h a s b e e n r e p a i r e d
b y s o l d e r i n g , w e l d i n g , b r a zi n g , o r u s e o f
pa t ch in g com pou n ds;
(i i ) Wh e n t h e c y l i n d e r o r s h e l l
t h r ea ds a r e da m a ged;
(i i i ) Wh e n t h e r e i s c o r r o s i o n t h a t h a s
ca u sed pit t in g, in clu din g cor r osion
u n der r em ova ble n a m e pla t e a ssem -
blies;
(i v ) Wh e n t h e e x t i n g u i s h e r h a s b e e n
b u r n e d i n a fi r e ; o r
(v ) Wh e n a c a l c i u m c h l o r i d e e x t i n -
gu ish in g a gen t h a s been u sed in a
st a in less st eel sh ell.
(3) I n a d d i t i o n t o a n e x t e r n a l v i s u a l
exa m in a t ion , t h e em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e
t h a t a n in t er n a l exa m in a t ion of cy l-
in der s a n d sh ells t o be t est ed is m a de
pr ior t o t h e h y dr ost a t ic t est s.
TABLE L–1
Type of extinguishers
Soda acid (soldered brass shells) (until 1/1/82) ........
Soda acid (stainless steel shell) ................................
Cartridge operated water and/or antifreeze ...............
Stored pressure water and/or antifreeze ...................
Wetting agent .............................................................
Foam (soldered brass shells) (until 1/1/82) ...............
Foam (stainless steel shell) .......................................
Aqueous Film Forming foam (AFFF) .........................
Loaded stream ...........................................................
Dry chemical with stainless steel ...............................
Carbon dioxide ...........................................................
Dry chemical, stored pressure, with mild steel,
brazed brass or aluminum shells ...........................
Dry chemical, cartridge or cylinder operated, with
mild steel shells ......................................................
Halon 1211 .................................................................
Halon 1301 .................................................................
Dry powder, cartridge or cylinder operated with mild
steel shells ..............................................................
1 Extinguishershaving shells constructed of copper or brass
joined by soft solder or rivets shall not be hydrostatically test-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
ed and shall be removed from service by January 1, 1982.
(Not permitted)
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00510
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
por t a ble fi r e ext in gu ish er s are
h y dr ost a t ica lly t est ed wh en ever t h ey
sh ow n ew eviden ce of cor r osion or m e-
ch a n ica l in ju r y , except u n der t h e con -
d i t i o n s l i s t e d i n p a r a g r a p h s (f)(2)(i )–(v )
of t h is sect ion .
(5) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t s a r e p e r fo r m e d o n e x -
t in gu ish er h ose a ssem blies wh ich a r e
e q u i p p e d w i t h a s h u t -o ff n o zzl e a t t h e
disch a r ge en d of t h e h ose. T h e t est in -
t e r v a l s h a l l b e t h e s a m e a s s p e c i fi e d fo r
t h e ext in gu ish er on wh ich t h e h ose is
in st a lled.
(6) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
ca r bon dioxide h ose a ssem blies wit h a
s h u t -o ff n o zzl e a r e h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y
t e s t e d a t 1,250 p s i (8,620 k P a ).
(7) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
dr y ch em ica l a n d dr y powder h ose a s-
s e m b l i e s w i t h a s h u t -o ff n o zzl e a r e
h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y t e s t e d a t 300 p s i (2,070
k P a ).
(8) H o s e a s s e m b l i e s p a s s i n g a h y d r o -
st a t ic t est do n ot r equ ir e a n y t y pe of
r ecor din g or st a m pin g.
(9) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
h o s e a s s e m b l i e s fo r c a r b o n d i o x i d e e x -
t in gu ish er s t h a t r equ ir e a h y dr ost a t ic
t est a r e t est ed wit h in a pr ot ect ive ca ge
device.
(10) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
ca r bon dioxide ext in gu ish er s a n d n it r o-
gen or ca r bon dioxide cy lin der s u sed
wit h wh eeled ext in gu ish er s a r e t est ed
e v e r y 5 y e a r s a t 5/3 o f t h e s e r v i c e p r e s -
Test
inter- su r e a s st a m ped in t o t h e cy lin der . Ni-
val t r o g e n c y l i n d e r s w h i c h c o m p l y w i t h 49
(years)
CF R 173.34(e )(15) m ay be
(1) h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y t e s t e d e v e r y 10 y e a r s .
5 (11) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
5
5
a l l s t o r e d p r e s s u r e a n d H a l o n 1211 t y p e s
5 of ext in gu ish er s a r e h y dr ost a t ica lly
(1) t e s t e d a t t h e fa c t o r y t e s t p r e s s u r e n o t
5 t o exceed t wo t im es t h e ser vice pr es-
5
5 su r e.
5 (12) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
5 a c c e p t a b l e s e l f-g e n e r a t i n g t y p e s o d a
12 a c i d a n d fo a m e x t i n g u i s h e r s a r e t e s t e d
a t 350 p s i (2,410 k P a ).
12 (13) A i r o r g a s p r e s s u r e m a y n o t b e
12
12 u s e d fo r h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t i n g .
(14) E x t i n g u i s h e r s h e l l s , c y l i n d e r s , o r
12 c a r t r i d g e s w h i c h fa i l a h y d r o s t a t i c
p r e s s u r e t e s t , o r w h i c h a r e n o t fi t fo r
t e s t i n g s h a l l b e r e m o v e d fr o m s e r v i c e
a n d fr o m t h e w o r k p l a c e .
500
Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(15)(i ) T h e e q u i p m e n t fo r t e s t i n g
com pr essed ga s t y pe cy lin der s sh a ll be
of t h e wa t er ja ck et t y pe. T h e equ ip-
m en t sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a n expa n -
sion in dica t or wh ich oper a t es wit h a n
a ccu r a cy wit h in on e per cen t of t h e
t o t a l e x p a n s i o n o r .1c c (.1m L ) o f l i q u i d .
(i i ) T h e e q u i p m e n t fo r t e s t i n g n o n -
com pr essed ga s t y pe cy lin der s sh a ll
c o n s i s t o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
(A ) A h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t p u m p , h a n d o r
power oper a t ed, ca pa ble of pr odu cin g
n o t l e s s t h a n 150 p e r c e n t o f t h e t e s t
pr essu r e, wh ich sh a ll in clu de a ppr o-
p r i a t e c h e c k v a l v e s a n d fi t t i n g s ;
(B ) A fl e x i b l e c o n n e c t i o n fo r a t t a c h -
m e n t t o fi t t i n g s t o t e s t t h r o u g h t h e e x -
t i n g u i s h e r n o zzl e , t e s t b o n n e t , o r h o s e
ou t let , a s is a pplica ble; a n d
(C) A p r o t e c t i v e c a g e o r b a r r i e r fo r
per son a l pr ot ect ion of t h e t est er , de-
sign ed t o pr ovide visu a l obser va t ion of
t h e ext in gu ish er u n der t est .
(16) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l m a i n t a i n a n d
pr ovide u pon r equ est t o t h e Assist a n t
S ecr et a r y eviden ce t h a t t h e r equ ir ed
h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t i n g o f fi r e e x t i n -
g u i s h e r s h a s b e e n p e r fo r m e d a t t h e
t i m e i n t e r v a l s s h o w n i n T a b l e L –1.
S u c h e v i d e n c e s h a l l b e i n t h e fo r m o f a
c e r t i fi c a t i o n r e c o r d w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e
da t e of t h e t est , t h e sign a t u r e of t h e
p e r s o n w h o p e r fo r m e d t h e t e s t a n d t h e
s e r i a l n u m b e r , o r o t h e r i d e n t i fi e r , o f
t h e fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r t h a t w a s t e s t e d .
S u ch r ecor ds sh a ll be k ept u n t il t h e ex-
t in gu ish er is h y dr ost a t ica lly r et est ed
a t t h e t i m e i n t e r v a l s p e c i fi e d i n T a b l e
L –1 o r u n t i l t h e e x t i n g u i s h e r i s t a k e n
o u t o f s e r v i c e , w h i c h e v e r c o m e s fi r s t .
(g ) T ra in in g a n d ed u ca t ion . (1) Wh e r e
t h e e m p l o y e r h a s p r o v i d e d p o r t a b l e fi r e
e x t i n g u i s h e r s fo r e m p l o y e e u s e i n t h e
wor k pla ce, t h e em ploy er sh a ll a lso pr o-
v i d e a n e d u c a t i o n a l p r o g r a m t o fa m i l -
i a r i ze e m p l o y e e s w i t h t h e g e n e r a l p r i n -
c i p l e s o f fi r e e x t i n g u i s h e r u s e a n d t h e
h a za r d s i n v o l v e d w i t h i n c i p i e n t s t a g e
fi r e fi g h t i n g .
(2) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e
e d u c a t i o n r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(1)
of t h is sect ion u pon in it ia l em ploy -
m e n t a n d a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y t h e r e a ft e r .
(3) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e e m -
ploy ees wh o h a ve been design a t ed t o
u s e fi r e fi g h t i n g e q u i p m e n t a s p a r t o f
a n em er gen cy a ct ion pla n wit h t r a in -
in g in t h e u se of t h e a ppr opr ia t e equ ip-
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
m en t .
501
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00511 Fmt 8010
§ 1910.158
(4) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e
t r a i n i n g r e q u i r e d i n p a r a g r a p h (g )(3) o f
t h is sect ion u pon in it ia l a ssign m en t t o
t h e design a t ed gr ou p of em ploy ees a n d
a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y t h e r e a ft e r .
[45 F R 60708, S e p t . 12, 1980; 46 F R 24557, M a y
1, 1981, a s a m e n d e d a t 51 F R 34560, S e p t . 29,
1986; 61 F R 9239, M a r . 7, 1996; 67 F R 67964,
N o v . 7, 2002]
§ 1910.158 Standpipe and hose systems.
(a ) S cop e a n d a p p lica t ion —(1) S cop e.
T h is sect ion a pplies t o a ll sm a ll h ose,
Cl a s s I I , a n d Cl a s s I I I s t a n d p i p e s y s -
t em s in st a lled t o m eet t h e r equ ir e-
m e n t s o f a p a r t i c u l a r OS H A s t a n d a r d .
(2) E x cep t ion . T h i s s e c t i o n d o e s n o t
a p p l y t o Cl a s s I s t a n d p i p e s y s t e m s .
(b ) P rot ect ion of st a n d p ip es. T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t st a n dpipes a r e
loca t ed or ot h er wise pr ot ect ed a ga in st
m ech a n ica l da m a ge. Da m a ged
st a n dpipes sh a ll be r epa ir ed pr om pt ly .
(c ) E qu ip m en t —(1) R eels a n d ca bin et s.
Wh e r e r e e l s o r c a b i n e t s a r e p r o v i d e d t o
c o n t a i n fi r e h o s e , t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
a s s u r e t h a t t h e y a r e d e s i g n e d t o fa c i l i -
t a t e pr om pt u se of t h e h ose va lves, t h e
h ose, a n d ot h er equ ipm en t a t t h e t im e
o f a fi r e o r o t h e r e m e r g e n c y . T h e e m -
ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t t h e r eels a n d
c a b i n e t s a r e c o n s p i c u o u s l y i d e n t i fi e d
a n d u s e d o n l y fo r fi r e e q u i p m e n t .
(2) H ose ou t let s a n d con n ect ion s. (i )
T h e em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t h ose
ou t let s a n d con n ect ion s a r e loca t ed
h i g h e n o u g h a b o v e t h e fl o o r t o a v o i d
bein g obst r u ct ed a n d t o be a ccessible
t o em ploy ees.
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l s t a n d a r d i ze
scr ew t h r ea ds or pr ovide a ppr opr ia t e
a da pt er s t h r ou gh ou t t h e sy st em a n d
a ssu r e t h a t t h e h ose con n ect ion s a r e
com pa t ible wit h t h ose u sed on t h e su p-
p o r t i n g fi r e e q u i p m e n t .
(3) H ose. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e
t h a t e v e r y 11⁄2″ (3.8 c m ) o r s m a l l e r h o s e
ou t let u sed t o m eet t h is st a n da r d is
equ ipped wit h h ose con n ect ed a n d
r e a d y fo r u s e . I n e x t r e m e l y c o l d c l i -
m a t es wh er e su ch in st a lla t ion m a y r e-
su lt in da m a ged equ ipm en t , t h e h ose
m a y be st or ed in a n ot h er loca t ion pr o-
vided it is r ea dily a va ila ble a n d ca n be
con n ect ed wh en n eeded.
(i i ) S t a n d p i p e s y s t e m s i n s t a l l e d a ft e r
J a n u a r y 1, 1981, fo r u s e b y e m p l o y e e s ,
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 § 1910.159
sh a ll be equ ipped wit h lin ed h ose. Un -
lin ed h ose m a y r em a in in u se on exist -
i n g s y s t e m s . H o w e v e r , a ft e r t h e e ffe c -
t ive da t e of t h is st a n da r d, u n lin ed h ose
wh ich becom es u n ser vicea ble sh a ll be
r epla ced wit h lin ed h ose.
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l p r o v i d e h o s e
o f s u c h l e n g t h t h a t fr i c t i o n l o s s r e s u l t -
i n g fr o m w a t e r fl o w i n g t h r o u g h t h e
h ose will n ot decr ea se t h e pr essu r e a t
t h e n o zzl e b e l o w 30 p s i (210 k P a ). T h e
d y n a m i c p r e s s u r e a t t h e n o zzl e s h a l l b e
w i t h i n t h e r a n g e o f 30 p s i (210 k P a ) t o
125 p s i (860 k P a ).
(4) N oz z les. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e
t h a t st a n dpipe h ose is equ ipped wit h
s h u t -o ff t y p e n o zzl e s .
(d ) W a t er su p p ly . T h e m i n i m u m w a t e r
s u p p l y fo r s t a n d p i p e a n d h o s e s y s t e m s ,
w h i c h a r e p r o v i d e d fo r t h e u s e o f e m -
p l o y e e s , s h a l l b e s u ffi c i e n t t o p r o v i d e
100 g a l l o n s p e r m i n u t e (6.3 l /s ) fo r a p e -
r iod of a t lea st t h ir t y m in u t es.
(e ) T est s a n d m a in t en a n ce—(1) A ccep t -
a n ce t est s. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e
t h a t t h e p i p i n g o f Cl a s s I I a n d Cl a s s I I I
s y s t e m s i n s t a l l e d a ft e r J a n u a r y 1, 1981,
in clu din g yard pipin g, is
h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y t e s t e d fo r a p e r i o d o f a t
l e a s t 2 h o u r s a t n o t l e s s t h a n 200 p s i
(1380 k P a ), o r a t l e a s t 50 p s i (340 k P a )
in excess of n or m a l pr essu r e wh en su ch
p r e s s u r e i s g r e a t e r t h a n 150 p s i (1030
k P a ).
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
h ose on a ll st a n dpipe sy st em s in st a lled
a ft e r J a n u a r y 1, 1981, i s h y d r o s t a t i c a l l y
t est ed wit h cou plin gs in pla ce, a t a
p r e s s u r e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 200 p s i (1380
k P a ), b e fo r e i t i s p l a c e d i n s e r v i c e .
T h i s p r e s s u r e s h a l l b e m a i n t a i n e d fo r
a t l e a s t 15 s e c o n d s a n d n o t m o r e t h a n
on e m in u t e du r in g wh ich t im e t h e h ose
sh a ll n ot lea k n or sh a ll a n y ja ck et
t h r ea d br ea k du r in g t h e t est .
(2) M a in t en a n ce. (i ) T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t wa t er su pply t a n k s
a r e k e p t fi l l e d t o t h e p r o p e r l e v e l e x -
c e p t d u r i n g r e p a i r s . Wh e n p r e s s u r e
t a n k s a r e u sed, t h e em ploy er sh a ll a s-
su r e t h a t pr oper pr essu r e is m a in t a in ed
a t a ll t im es except du r in g r epa ir s.
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
va lves in t h e m a in pipin g con n ect ion s
t o t h e a u t om a t ic sou r ces of wa t er su p-
p l y a r e k e p t fu l l y o p e n a t a l l t i m e s e x -
cept du r in g r epa ir .
(i i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR
h ose sy st em s a r e in spect ed a t lea st a n -
502
VerDate Aug<31>2005 08:47 Jul 26, 2007 Jkt 211112 PO 00000 Frm 00512 Fmt 8010
29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition)
n u a l l y a n d a ft e r e a c h u s e t o a s s u r e
t h a t a ll of t h e equ ipm en t a n d h ose a r e
i n p l a c e , a v a i l a b l e fo r u s e , a n d i n s e r v -
icea ble con dit ion .
(i v ) Wh e n t h e s y s t e m o r a n y p o r t i o n
t h e r e o f i s fo u n d n o t t o b e s e r v i c e a b l e ,
t h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l r e m o v e i t fr o m
ser vice im m edia t ely a n d r epla ce it
wit h equ iva len t pr ot ect ion su ch a s ex-
t i n g u i s h e r s a n d fi r e w a t c h e s .
(v ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
h em p or lin en h ose on exist in g sy st em s
i s u n r a c k e d , p h y s i c a l l y i n s p e c t e d fo r
d e t e r i o r a t i o n , a n d r e r a c k e d u s i n g a d i f-
fe r e n t fo l d p a t t e r n a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y .
T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t d e fe c -
t ive h ose is r epla ced in a ccor da n ce
w i t h p a r a g r a p h (c )(3)(i i ) o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(v i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l d e s i g n a t e
t r a in ed per son s t o con du ct a ll in spec-
t ion s r equ ir ed u n der t h is sect ion .
[45 F R 60710, S e p t . 12, 1980, a s a m e n d e d a t 61
F R 9239, M a r . 7, 1996]
F I X E D F I R E S U P P R E S S I ON E QU I P M E N T
§ 1910.159 Automatic sprinkler sys-
tems.
(a ) S cop e a n d a p p lica t ion . (1) T h e r e -
qu ir em en t s of t h is sect ion a pply t o a ll
a u t om a t ic spr in k ler sy st em s in st a lled
t o m e e t a p a r t i c u l a r OS H A s t a n d a r d .
(2) F o r a u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m s
u s e d t o m e e t OS H A r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d
i n s t a l l e d p r i o r t o t h e e ffe c t i v e d a t e o f
t h is st a n da r d, com plia n ce wit h t h e Na -
t ion a l F ir e P r ot ect ion Associa t ion
(N F P A ) o r t h e N a t i o n a l B o a r d o f F i r e
U n d e r w r i t e r s (N B F U ) s t a n d a r d i n e ffe c t
a t t h e t i m e o f t h e s y s t e m ’s i n s t a l l a t i o n
will be a ccept a ble a s com plia n ce wit h
t h is sect ion .
(b ) E x em p t ion s. A u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r
sy st em s in st a lled in wor k pla ces, bu t
n o t r e q u i r e d b y OS H A , a r e e x e m p t
fr o m t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s s e c t i o n .
(c ) Gen era l requ irem en t s—(1) D esign . (i )
All a u t om a t ic spr in k ler design s u sed t o
com ply wit h t h is st a n da r d sh a ll pr o-
vide t h e n ecessa r y disch a r ge pa t t er n s,
d e n s i t i e s , a n d w a t e r fl o w c h a r a c t e r i s -
t i c s fo r c o m p l e t e c o v e r a g e i n a p a r -
t i c u l a r w o r k p l a c e o r zo n e d s u b d i v i s i o n
of t h e wor k pla ce.
(i i ) T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t
on ly a ppr oved equ ipm en t a n d devices
a r e u sed in t h e design a n d in st a lla t ion
of a u t om a t ic spr in k ler sy st em s u sed t o
com ply wit h t h is st a n da r d.
Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\211112.XXX 211112
 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(2) M a in t en a n ce. T h e e m p l o y e r s h a l l
pr oper ly m a in t a in a n a u t om a t ic spr in -
k ler sy st em in st a lled t o com ply wit h
t h is sect ion . T h e em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e
t h a t a m a i n d r a i n fl o w t e s t i s p e r -
fo r m e d o n e a c h s y s t e m a n n u a l l y . T h e
i n s p e c t o r ’s t e s t v a l v e s h a l l b e o p e n e d
a t lea st ever y t wo y ea r s t o a ssu r e t h a t
t h e spr in k ler sy st em oper a t es pr oper ly .
(3) A ccep t a n ce t est s. T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll con du ct pr oper a ccept a n ce t est s
o n s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m s i n s t a l l e d fo r e m -
p l o y e e p r o t e c t i o n a ft e r J a n u a r y 1, 1981,
a n d r ecor d t h e da t es of su ch t est s.
P r oper a ccept a n ce t est s in clu de t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
(i ) F l u s h i n g o f u n d e r g r o u n d c o n n e c -
t ion s;
(i i ) H y d r o s t a t i c t e s t s o f p i p i n g i n s y s -
t em ;
§ 1910.160
(9) S p rin k ler a la rm s. On a l l s p r i n k l e r
s y s t e m s h a v i n g m o r e t h a n t w e n t y (20)
spr in k ler s, t h e em ploy er sh a ll a ssu r e
t h a t a l o c a l w a t e r fl o w a l a r m i s p r o -
vided wh ich sou n ds a n a u dible sign a l
o n t h e p r e m i s e s u p o n w a t e r fl o w
t h r o u g h t h e s y s t e m e q u a l t o t h e fl o w
fr o m a s i n g l e s p r i n k l e r .
(10) S p rin k ler sp a cin g. T h e e m p l o y e r
sh a ll a ssu r e t h a t spr in k ler s a r e spa ced
t o pr ovide a m a xim u m pr ot ect ion a r ea
per spr in k ler , a m in im u m of in t er -
fe r e n c e t o t h e d i s c h a r g e p a t t e r n b y
bu ildin g or st r u ct u r a l m em ber s or
bu ildin g con t en t s a n d su it a ble sen si-
t i v i t y t o p o s s i b l e fi r e h a za r d s . T h e
m in im u m ver t ica l clea r a n ce bet ween
spr in k ler s a n d m a t er ia l below sh a ll be
18 i n c h e s (45.7 c m ).